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Lukhna K, Hausenloy DJ, Ali AS, Bajaber A, Calver A, Mutyaba A, Mohamed AA, Kiggundu B, Chishala C, Variava E, Elmakki EA, Ogola E, Hamid E, Okello E, Gaafar I, Mwazo K, Makotoko M, Naidoo M, Abdelhameed ME, Badri M, van der Schyff N, Abozaid O, Xafis P, Giesz S, Gould T, Welgemoed W, Walker M, Ntsekhe M, Yellon DM. Remote Ischaemic Conditioning in STEMI Patients in Sub-Saharan AFRICA: Rationale and Study Design for the RIC-AFRICA Trial. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023; 37:299-305. [PMID: 34739648 PMCID: PMC8569288 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-021-07283-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite evidence of myocardial infarct size reduction in animal studies, remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) failed to improve clinical outcomes in the large CONDI-2/ERIC-PPCI trial. Potential reasons include that the predominantly low-risk study participants all received timely optimal reperfusion therapy by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). Whether RIC can improve clinical outcomes in higher-risk STEMI patients in environments with poor access to early reperfusion or PPCI will be investigated in the RIC-AFRICA trial. METHODS The RIC-AFRICA study is a sub-Saharan African multi-centre, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled clinical trial designed to test the impact of RIC on the composite endpoint of 30-day mortality and heart failure in 1200 adult STEMI patients without access to PPCI. Randomized participants will be stratified by whether or not they receive thrombolytic therapy within 12 h or arrive outside the thrombolytic window (12-24 h). Participants will receive either RIC (four 5-min cycles of inflation [20 mmHg above systolic blood pressure] and deflation of an automated blood pressure cuff placed on the upper arm) or sham control (similar protocol but with low-pressure inflation of 20 mmHg and deflation) within 1 h of thrombolysis and applied daily for the next 2 days. STEMI patients arriving greater than 24 h after chest pain but within 72 h will be recruited to participate in a concurrently running independent observational arm. CONCLUSION The RIC-AFRICA trial will determine whether RIC can reduce rates of death and heart failure in higher-risk sub-optimally reperfused STEMI patients, thereby providing a low-cost, non-invasive therapy for improving health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishal Lukhna
- Division of Cardiology, Groote Schuur Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Arthur Mutyaba
- Division of Cardiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital and University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Awad Abdalla Mohamed
- Al Shaab Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan
- Royal Care International Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Chishala Chishala
- Division of Cardiology, Greys Hospital and University of KwaZulu Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Isam Gaafar
- Omdurman Accident and Emergency Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Makoali Makotoko
- Division of Cardiology, Universitas Academic Hospital, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Mergan Naidoo
- Division of Family Medicine, Wentworth Hospital, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Motasim Badri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, University of Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Paul Xafis
- Victoria Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sara Giesz
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Trevor Gould
- Department of Medicine, George Hospital, George, South Africa
| | - Waldo Welgemoed
- Department of Medicine, George Hospital, George, South Africa
| | - Malcolm Walker
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mpiko Ntsekhe
- Division of Cardiology, Groote Schuur Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK.
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2
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Wang PC, Wang SX, Yan XL, He YY, Wang MC, Zheng HZ, Shi XG, Tan YH, Wang LS. Combination of paeoniflorin and calycosin-7-glucoside alleviates ischaemic stroke injury via the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Pharm Biol 2022; 60:1469-1477. [PMID: 35938509 PMCID: PMC9361763 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2102656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Paeoniflorin (PF) and calycosin-7-glucoside (CG, Paeonia lactiflora Pall. extract) have demonstrated protective effects in ischaemic stroke. OBJECTIVE To investigate the synergistic effects of PF + CG on ischaemia/reperfusion injury in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to the middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). After MCAO/R for 24 h, rats were randomly subdivided into 5 groups: sham, model (MCAO/R), study treatment (PF + CG, 40 + 20 mg/kg), LY294002 (20 mg/kg), and study treatment + LY294002. Males were given via intragastric administration; the duration of the in vivo experiment was 8 days. Neurologic deficits, cerebral infarction, brain edoema, and protein levels were assessed in vivo. Hippocampal neurons (HT22) were refreshed with glucose-free DMEM and placed in an anaerobic chamber for 8 h. Subsequently, HT22 cells were reoxygenated in a 37 °C incubator with 5% CO2 for 6 h. SOD, MDA, ROS, LDH and protein levels were measured in vitro. RESULTS PF + CG significantly reduced neurobehavioral outcomes (21%), cerebral infarct volume (44%), brain edoema (1.6%) compared with the MCAO/R group. Moreover, PF + CG increased p-PI3K/PI3K (4.69%, 7.4%), p-AKT/AKT (6.25%, 60.6%) and Bcl-2/BAX (33%, 49%) expression in vivo and in vitro, and reduced GSK-3β (10.5%, 9.6%) expression. In vitro, PF + CG suppressed apoptosis in HT22 cells and decreased ROS and MDA levels (20%, 50%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS PF + CG showed a synergistic protective effect against ischaemic brain injury, potentially being a future treatment for ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Wang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Sheng-Xin Wang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang-Li Yan
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying-Ying He
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Min-Chun Wang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao-Zhen Zheng
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu-Guang Shi
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong-Heng Tan
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Sheng Wang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
- CONTACT Li-Sheng Wang College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 Outer Circle Road East, Panyu District, Guangdong, Guangzhou510006, China
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3
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Lin C, Chen W, Han Y, Sun Y, Zhao X, Yue Y, Li B, Fan W, Zhang T, Xiao L. PTEN-induced kinase 1 enhances the reparative effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells on mice with renal ischaemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury. Hum Cell 2022; 35:1650-1670. [PMID: 35962179 PMCID: PMC9515057 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00756-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common severe acute syndrome caused by multiple factors and is characterized by a rapid decline in renal function during a short period. Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) are effective in treating AKI. However, the mechanism of their beneficial effects remains unclear. PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) may play an important role in kidney tissue repair. In this study, we explored the effect of PINK1 overexpression on enhancing BMSC-mediated repair of AKI. In this study, ischaemia/reperfusion-induced AKI (IRI-AKI) in mice and a hypoxia-reoxygenation model in cells were established, and the indices were examined by pathology and immunology experiments. After ischaemia/reperfusion, PINK1 overexpression reduced apoptosis in injured kidney tissue cell, decreased T lymphocyte infiltration, increased macrophage infiltration, and alleviated the inflammatory response. PINK1 relieved the stress response of BMSCs and renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs), reduced apoptosis, altered the release of inflammatory factors, and reduced the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In conclusion, BMSCs and RTECs undergo stress responses in response to hypoxia, inflammation and other conditions, and overexpressing PINK1 in BMSCs could enhance their ability to resist these stress reactions. Furthermore, PINK1 overexpression can regulate the distribution of immune cells and improve the inflammatory response. The regulation of mitochondrial autophagy during IRI-AKI maintains mitochondrial homeostasis and protects renal function. The results of this study provide new strategies and experimental evidence for BMSC-mediated repair of IRI-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Lin
- Institute of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Immunology Regulatory, the 8th Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 17 Heishan Hu road, Qinglongqiao street, Haidian district, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Institute of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Immunology Regulatory, the 8th Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 17 Heishan Hu road, Qinglongqiao street, Haidian district, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yong Han
- Institute of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Immunology Regulatory, the 8th Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 17 Heishan Hu road, Qinglongqiao street, Haidian district, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- Institute of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Immunology Regulatory, the 8th Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 17 Heishan Hu road, Qinglongqiao street, Haidian district, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Zhao
- Institute of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Immunology Regulatory, the 8th Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 17 Heishan Hu road, Qinglongqiao street, Haidian district, Beijing, 100091, China.,Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yuan Yue
- Institute of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Immunology Regulatory, the 8th Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 17 Heishan Hu road, Qinglongqiao street, Haidian district, Beijing, 100091, China.,Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Binyu Li
- Institute of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Immunology Regulatory, the 8th Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 17 Heishan Hu road, Qinglongqiao street, Haidian district, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Wenmei Fan
- Institute of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Immunology Regulatory, the 8th Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 17 Heishan Hu road, Qinglongqiao street, Haidian district, Beijing, 100091, China
| | | | - Li Xiao
- Institute of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Immunology Regulatory, the 8th Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 17 Heishan Hu road, Qinglongqiao street, Haidian district, Beijing, 100091, China.
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Zhuang C, Chen R, Zheng Z, Lu J, Hong C. Toll-Like Receptor 3 in Cardiovascular Diseases. Heart Lung Circ 2022; 31:e93-e109. [PMID: 35367134 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is an important member of the innate immune response receptor toll-like receptors (TLRs) family, which plays a vital role in regulating immune response, promoting the maturation and differentiation of immune cells, and participating in the response of pro-inflammatory factors. TLR3 is activated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns, which support the pathophysiology of many diseases related to inflammation. An increasing number of studies have confirmed that TLR3, as a crucial medium of innate immunity, participates in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) by regulating the transcription and translation of various cytokines, thus affecting the structure and physiological function of resident cells in the cardiovascular system, including vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts and macrophages. The dysfunction and structural damage of vascular endothelial cells and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells are the key factors in the occurrence of vascular diseases such as pulmonary arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, ischaemia/reperfusion injury, and heart failure. Meanwhile, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and macrophages are involved in the development of CVDs. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to explore the latest research published on TLR3 in CVDs and discuss current understanding of potential mechanisms by which TLR3 contributes to CVDs. Even though TLR3 is a developing area, it has strong treatment potential as an immunomodulator and deserves further study for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Zhuang
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; First Clinical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Riken Chen
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zheng
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Lu
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Hong
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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5
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Onder Dirican A, Doganay M, Inal HA, Yurtcu E, Togrul C, Bektas G, Caydere M. The role of trimetazidine in ischemia/reperfusion damage treatment in an ovary torsion model experimentally induced in rats. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2022; 42:2170-2177. [PMID: 35170380 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2035332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this experimental animal study was to investigate the histopathological and biochemical efficacy of trimetazidine (TMZ) in decreasing ovary damage in an ovary ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) model in the rat. A total of 35 Wistar albino female rats were randomly separated into five groups, n = 7 per group: Group 1: Sham (S) was only given a laparotomy procedure. Group 2: Ischaemia (I) group with 2-hour ischaemia using a vascular sutur. Group 3: Ischaemia/Reperfusion (I/R) group with 2 hour ischaemia and 2-hour reperfusion. Group 4: Sham + 10 mg/kg orally TMZ (S + TMZ). Group 5: I/R + 10 mg/kg oral TMZ (I/R + TMZ) group with 2 hours ischaemia and 2 hours reperfusion after the administration orally 10 mg/kg oral TMZ. Two daily doses of TMZ were orally administered to Group 4 (S + TMZ) and Group 5 (I/R + TMZ) for three days. TMZ significantly decreased vascular congestion, haemorrhage, and polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration in group 5 compared to group 3 (p < .05). Despite TMZ decreased the malondialdehyde, total oxidant status, and oxidative stress index values, these decreases were not statistically significant (p > .05). TMZ which is an antioxidant agent can efficiently prevent in I/R damage in rat ovaries but further studies are necessary in order to implement it in the clinical settings.IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? Adnexial torsion is the most common gynecological emergency and there are no specific clinical, laboratories, or radiological findings for adnexal torsion. Unfortunatelly, the currently accepted treatment is adnexal detorsion. Cytoprotective effects of Trimetazidine (TMZ), an antianginal drug, are well-defined and it has been demonstrated to improve oxidative stress markers and limits membrane damage induced by reactive oxygen species and protects tissues from free radicals with its antioxidant effects. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of TMZ in experimentally induced adnexal torsion in rats and to investigate possible effects in maintaining ovarian reserve to prevent I/R damage or reperfusion damage.What do the results of this study add? Our study showed that TMZ significantly decreased vascular congestion, haemorrhage, and PMNL infiltration. TMZ decreased the malondialdehyde, total oxidant status, and the oxidative stress index values, but these decreases were not statistically significant.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Although various antioxidant drugs and chemicals have been used to protect the ovaries against I/R damage, they have not been demostrated to prevent it completely. TMZ, an antioxidant efficacy agent, has been shown to prevent ovarian I/R damage by suppressing inflammation in terms of histopathological parameters. Further studies involving a greater number of experimental animals are required before using TMZ for the treatment of humans with I/R damage in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Onder Dirican
- Departmant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Melike Doganay
- Departmant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences, Zekai Tahir Burak Womens Health and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hasan Ali Inal
- Departmant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Engin Yurtcu
- Departmant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karabuk University School of Medicine, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Cihan Togrul
- Departmant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hitit University School of Medicine, Corum, Turkey
| | - Gizem Bektas
- Departmant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Caydere
- Departmant of Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Nishi M, Ogata T, Kobayakawa K, Kobayakawa R, Matsuo T, Cannistraci CV, Tomita S, Taminishi S, Suga T, Kitani T, Higuchi Y, Sakamoto A, Tsuji Y, Soga T, Matoba S. Energy-sparing by 2-methyl-2-thiazoline protects heart from ischaemia/reperfusion injury. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 9:428-441. [PMID: 34854235 PMCID: PMC8787978 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains a critical issue in the therapeutic management of ischaemic heart failure. Although mild hypothermia has a protective effect on cardiac I/R injury, more rapid and safe methods that can obtain similar results to hypothermia therapy are required. 2-Methyl-2-thiazoline (2MT), an innate fear inducer, causes mild hypothermia resulting in resistance to critical hypoxia in cutaneous or cerebral I/R injury. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the protective effect of systemically administered 2MT on cardiac I/R injury and to elucidate the mechanism underlying this effect. METHODS AND RESULTS A single subcutaneous injection of 2MT (50 mg/kg) was given prior to reperfusion of the I/R injured 10 week-old male mouse heart and its efficacy was evaluated 24 h after the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. 2MT preserved left ventricular systolic function following I/R injury (ejection fraction, %: control 37.9 ± 6.7, 2MT 54.1 ± 6.4, P < 0.01). 2MT also decreased infarct size (infarct size/ischaemic area at risk, %: control 48.3 ± 12.1, 2MT 25.6 ± 4.2, P < 0.05) and serum cardiac troponin levels (ng/mL: control 8.9 ± 1.1, 2MT 1.9 ± 0.1, P < 0.01) after I/R. Moreover, 2MT reduced the oxidative stress-exposed area within the heart (%: control 25.3 ± 4.7, 2MT 10.8 ± 1.4, P < 0.01). These results were supported by microarray analysis of the mouse hearts. 2MT induced a transient, mild decrease in core body temperature (°C: -2.4 ± 1.4), which gradually recovered over several hours. Metabolome analysis of the mouse hearts suggested that 2MT minimized energy metabolism towards suppressing oxidative stress. Furthermore, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging revealed that 2MT reduced the activity of brown adipose tissue (standardized uptake value: control 24.3 ± 6.4, 2MT 18.4 ± 5.8, P < 0.05). 2MT also inhibited mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in rat cardiomyoblasts. CONCLUSIONS We identified the cardioprotective effect of systemically administered 2MT on cardiac I/R injury by sparing energy metabolism with reversible hypothermia. Our results highlight the potential of drug-induced hypothermia therapy as an adjunct to coronary intervention in severe ischaemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Nishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Takehiro Ogata
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Ko Kobayakawa
- Functional Neuroscience Lab, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Reiko Kobayakawa
- Functional Neuroscience Lab, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Matsuo
- Functional Neuroscience Lab, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Carlo Vittorio Cannistraci
- Center for Complex Network Intelligence (CCNI), Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence (THBI), Department of Computer Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, China.,Center for Systems Biology Dresden (CSBD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Shinya Tomita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shunta Taminishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaomi Suga
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kitani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Higuchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Sakamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yumika Tsuji
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Satoaki Matoba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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7
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Gollmann-Tepeköylü C, Graber M, Pölzl L, Nägele F, Moling R, Esser H, Summerer B, Mellitzer V, Ebner S, Hirsch J, Schäfer G, Hackl H, Cardini B, Oberhuber R, Primavesi F, Öfner D, Bonaros N, Troppmair J, Grimm M, Schneeberger S, Holfeld J, Resch T. Toll-like receptor 3 mediates ischaemia/reperfusion injury after cardiac transplantation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2021; 57:826-835. [PMID: 32040169 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezz383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ischaemia and subsequent reperfusion during heart transplantation inevitably result in donor organ injury. Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3 is a pattern recognition receptor activated by viral and endogenous RNA released by injured cells. We hypothesized that ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) leads to RNA release with subsequent TLR3 activation in transplanted hearts. METHODS Human endothelial cells were subjected to IRI and treated with TLR3 agonist polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid or a TLR3/double-stranded RNA complex inhibitor. TLR3 activation was analysed using reporter cells. Gene expression profiles were evaluated via next-generation sequencing. Neutrophil adhesion was assessed in vitro. Syngeneic heart transplantation of wild-type or Tlr3-/- mice was performed following 9 h of cold ischaemia. Hearts were analysed for inflammatory gene expression, cardiac damage, apoptosis and infiltrating leucocytes. RESULTS IRI resulted in RNA release with subsequent activation of TLR3. Treatment with a TLR3 inhibitor abrogated the inflammatory response upon IRI. In parallel, TLR3 stimulation caused activation of the inflammasome. Endothelial IRI resulted in TLR3-dependent adhesion of neutrophils. Tlr3-/- animals showed reduced intragraft and splenic messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of proinflammatory cytokines, resulting in decreased myocardial damage, apoptosis and infiltrating cells. Tlr3 deficiency protected from cardiac damage, apoptosis and leucocyte infiltration after cardiac transplantation. CONCLUSIONS We uncover the release of RNA by injured cells with subsequent activation of TLR3 as a crucial pathomechanism of IRI. Our data indicate that TLR3 represents a novel target in the prevention of IRI in solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Graber
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Leo Pölzl
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Felix Nägele
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rafael Moling
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hannah Esser
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bianca Summerer
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Vanessa Mellitzer
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Susanne Ebner
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jakob Hirsch
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Schäfer
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hubert Hackl
- Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Benno Cardini
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rupert Oberhuber
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Primavesi
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dietmar Öfner
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nikolaos Bonaros
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jakob Troppmair
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Grimm
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Schneeberger
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Holfeld
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Resch
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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8
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Ma LL, Ding ZW, Yin PP, Wu J, Hu K, Sun AJ, Zou YZ, Ge JB. Hypertrophic preconditioning cardioprotection after myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury involves ALDH2-dependent metabolism modulation. Redox Biol 2021; 43:101960. [PMID: 33910156 PMCID: PMC8099646 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Brief episodes of ischaemia and reperfusion render the heart resistant to subsequent prolonged ischaemic insult, termed ischaemic preconditioning. Here, we hypothesized that transient non-ischaemic stress by hypertrophic stimulation would induce endogenous cardioprotective signalling and enhance cardiac resistance to subsequent ischaemic damage. Transient transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or Ang-Ⅱ treatment was performed for 3-7 days in male mice and then withdrawn for several days by either aortic debanding or discontinuing Ang-Ⅱ treatment, followed by subsequent exposure to regional myocardial ischaemia by in situ coronary artery ligation. Following ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, myocardial infarct size and apoptosis were markedly reduced and contractile function was significantly improved in the TAC preconditioning group compared with that in the control group. Similar results were observed in mice receiving Ang-Ⅱ infusion. Mechanistically, TAC preconditioning enhanced ALDH2 activity, promoted AMPK activation and improved mitochondrial energy metabolism by increasing myocardial OXPHOS complex expression, elevating the mitochondrial ATP content and improving viable myocardium glucose uptake. Moreover, TAC preconditioning significantly mitigated I/R-induced myocardial iNOS/gp91phox activation, inhibited endoplasmic reticulum stress and ameliorated mitochondrial impairment. Using a pharmacological approach to inhibit AMPK signalling in the presence or absence of preconditioning, we demonstrated AMPK-dependent protective mechanisms of TAC preconditioning against I/R injury. Furthermore, treatment with adenovirus-encoded ALDH2 partially emulated the actions of hypertrophic preconditioning, as evidenced by improved mitochondrial metabolism, inhibited oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage and attenuated cell death through an AMPK-dependent mechanism, whereas genetic ablation of ALDH2 abrogated the aforementioned actions of TAC preconditioning. The present study demonstrates that preconditioning with hypertrophic stress protects the heart from I/R injury via mechanisms that improve mitochondrial metabolism, reduce oxidative/nitrative stress and inhibit apoptosis. ALDH2 is obligatorily required for the development of cardiac hypertrophic preconditioning and acts as the mediator of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Lei Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Pei Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ai-Jun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yun-Zeng Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jun-Bo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Prag HA, Gruszczyk AV, Huang MM, Beach TE, Young T, Tronci L, Nikitopoulou E, Mulvey JF, Ascione R, Hadjihambi A, Shattock MJ, Pellerin L, Saeb-Parsy K, Frezza C, James AM, Krieg T, Murphy MP, Aksentijević D. Mechanism of succinate efflux upon reperfusion of the ischaemic heart. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:1188-1201. [PMID: 32766828 PMCID: PMC7983001 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Succinate accumulates several-fold in the ischaemic heart and is then rapidly oxidized upon reperfusion, contributing to reactive oxygen species production by mitochondria. In addition, a significant amount of the accumulated succinate is released from the heart into the circulation at reperfusion, potentially activating the G-protein-coupled succinate receptor (SUCNR1). However, the factors that determine the proportion of succinate oxidation or release, and the mechanism of this release, are not known. METHODS AND RESULTS To address these questions, we assessed the fate of accumulated succinate upon reperfusion of anoxic cardiomyocytes, and of the ischaemic heart both ex vivo and in vivo. The release of accumulated succinate was selective and was enhanced by acidification of the intracellular milieu. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition, or haploinsufficiency of the monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) significantly decreased succinate efflux from the reperfused heart. CONCLUSION Succinate release upon reperfusion of the ischaemic heart is mediated by MCT1 and is facilitated by the acidification of the myocardium during ischaemia. These findings will allow the signalling interaction between succinate released from reperfused ischaemic myocardium and SUCNR1 to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiran A Prag
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Anja V Gruszczyk
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Margaret M Huang
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Timothy E Beach
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Timothy Young
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, PO Box 197, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Laura Tronci
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, PO Box 197, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Efterpi Nikitopoulou
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, PO Box 197, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - John F Mulvey
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Raimondo Ascione
- Bristol Medical School and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Bristol, Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Anna Hadjihambi
- Département de Physiologie, Université de Lausanne, 7 Rue du Bugnon, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael J Shattock
- King’s College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas’ Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Luc Pellerin
- Département de Physiologie, Université de Lausanne, 7 Rue du Bugnon, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536 CNRS, LabEx TRAIL-IBIO, Université de Bordeaux, 146 Rue Leo Saignat, Bordeaux 33076, France
- Inserm U1082, Université de Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Miletrie, Poitiers 86021, France
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Christian Frezza
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, PO Box 197, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Andrew M James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Dunja Aksentijević
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
- Centre for inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
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10
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Hausenloy DJ, Bøtker HE, Ferdinandy P, Heusch G, Ng GA, Redington A, Garcia-Dorado D. Cardiac innervation in acute myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury and cardioprotection. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:1167-1177. [PMID: 30796814 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and the heart failure (HF) that often complicates this condition, are among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. To reduce myocardial infarct (MI) size and prevent heart failure, novel therapies are required to protect the heart against the detrimental effects of acute ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). In this regard, targeting cardiac innervation may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for cardioprotection. A number of cardiac neural pathways mediate the beneficial effects of cardioprotective strategies such as ischaemic preconditioning and remote ischaemic conditioning, and nerve stimulation may therefore provide a novel therapeutic strategy for cardioprotection. In this article, we provide an overview of cardiac innervation and its impact on acute myocardial IRI, the role of extrinsic and intrinsic cardiac neural pathways in cardioprotection, and highlight peripheral and central nerve stimulation as a cardioprotective strategy with therapeutic potential for reducing MI size and preventing HF following AMI. This article is part of a Cardiovascular Research Spotlight Issue entitled 'Cardioprotection Beyond the Cardiomyocyte', and emerged as part of the discussions of the European Union (EU)-CARDIOPROTECTION Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action, CA16225.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore.,The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK.,The National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Research & Development, London, UK.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnologia-FEMSA, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Peter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - G André Ng
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, UK
| | - Andrew Redington
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Heart Institute, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - David Garcia-Dorado
- Department of Cardiology, Vascular Biology and Metabolism Area, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV): Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Hausenloy
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Mpiko Ntsekhe
- Division of Cardiology, Groote Schuur Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK.
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12
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Moyes AJ, Chu SM, Aubdool AA, Dukinfield MS, Margulies KB, Bedi KC, Hodivala-Dilke K, Baliga RS, Hobbs AJ. C-type natriuretic peptide co-ordinates cardiac structure and function. Eur Heart J 2020; 41:1006-1020. [PMID: 30903134 PMCID: PMC7068173 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is an essential endothelium-derived signalling species that governs vascular homoeostasis; CNP is also expressed in the heart but an intrinsic role for the peptide in cardiac function is not established. Herein, we employ unique transgenic strains with cell-specific deletion of CNP to define a central (patho)physiological capacity of CNP in maintaining heart morphology and contractility. METHODS AND RESULTS Cardiac structure and function were explored in wild type (WT), cardiomyocyte (cmCNP-/-), endothelium (ecCNP-/-), and fibroblast (fbCNP-/-)-specific CNP knockout mice, and global natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR)-B-/-, and NPR-C-/- animals at baseline and in experimental models of myocardial infarction and heart failure (HF). Endothelium-specific deletion of CNP resulted in impaired coronary responsiveness to endothelium-dependent- and flow-mediated-dilatation; changes mirrored in NPR-C-/- mice. Ex vivo, global ischaemia resulted in larger infarcts and diminished functional recovery in cmCNP-/- and NPR-C-/-, but not ecCNP-/-, vs. WT. The cardiac phenotype of cmCNP-/-, fbCNP-/-, and NPR-C-/- (but not ecCNP-/- or NPR-B-/-) mice was more severe in pressure overload- and sympathetic hyperactivation-induced HF compared with WT; these adverse effects were rescued by pharmacological CNP administration in WT, but not NPR-C-/-, mice. At a molecular level, CNP/NPR-C signalling is impaired in human HF but attenuates activation of well-validated pro-hypertrophic and pro-fibrotic pathways. CONCLUSION C-type natriuretic peptide of cardiomyocyte, endothelial and fibroblast origins co-ordinates and preserves cardiac structure, function, and coronary vasoreactivity via activation of NPR-C. Targeting NPR-C may prove an innovative approach to treating HF and ischaemic cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amie J Moyes
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sandy M Chu
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Aisah A Aubdool
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Matthew S Dukinfield
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- Heart Failure and Transplant Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Translational Research Center, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kenneth C Bedi
- Heart Failure and Transplant Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Translational Research Center, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kairbaan Hodivala-Dilke
- Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Reshma S Baliga
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Adrian J Hobbs
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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13
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McFadyen JD, Zeller J, Potempa LA, Pietersz GA, Eisenhardt SU, Peter K. C-Reactive Protein and Its Structural Isoforms: An Evolutionary Conserved Marker and Central Player in Inflammatory Diseases and Beyond. Subcell Biochem 2020; 94:499-520. [PMID: 32189313 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-41769-7_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an evolutionary highly conserved member of the pentraxin superfamily of proteins. CRP is widely used as a marker of inflammation, infection and for risk stratification of cardiovascular events. However, there is now a large body of evidence, that continues to evolve, detailing that CRP directly mediates inflammatory reactions and the innate immune response in the context of localised tissue injury. These data support the concept that the pentameric conformation of CRP dissociates into pro-inflammatory CRP isoforms termed pCRP* and monomeric CRP. These pro-inflammatory CRP isoforms undergo conformational changes that facilitate complement binding and immune cell activation and therefore demonstrate the ability to trigger complement activation, activate platelets, monocytes and endothelial cells. The dissociation of pCRP occurs on the surface of necrotic, apoptotic, and ischaemic cells, regular β-sheet structures such as β-amyloid, the membranes of activated cells (e.g., platelets, monocytes, and endothelial cells), and/or the surface of microparticles, the latter by binding to phosphocholine. Therefore, the deposition and localisation of these pro-inflammatory isoforms of CRP have been demonstrated to amplify inflammation and tissue damage in a broad range of clinical conditions including ischaemia/reperfusion injury, Alzheimer's disease, age-related macular degeneration and immune thrombocytopaenia. Given the potentially broad relevance of CRP to disease pathology, the development of inhibitors of CRP remains an area of active investigation, which may pave the way for novel therapeutics for a diverse range of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D McFadyen
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Clinical Haematology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Johannes Zeller
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty of the University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Geoffrey A Pietersz
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Steffen U Eisenhardt
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty of the University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Heart Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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14
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Ziegler M, Hohmann JD, Searle AK, Abraham MK, Nandurkar HH, Wang X, Peter K. A single-chain antibody-CD39 fusion protein targeting activated platelets protects from cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Eur Heart J 2019; 39:111-116. [PMID: 28472483 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims CD39 is a cell membrane NTPase with anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet effects. However, its clinical use is limited by its bleeding side effect. With the goal of harnessing its therapeutic potential while avoiding haemostatic problems, we designed a fusion protein consisting of the extracellular domain of CD39 and a single-chain antibody (Targ-CD39) that specifically binds to activated glycoprotein (GP)IIb/IIIa and thus to activated platelets. Through this enrichment at activated platelets, the required systemic dose is below the dose impairing haemostasis. Methods and results Using an ischaemia/reperfusion mouse model (left anterior descending artery ligated for 1 h) we achieved remarkable protection of the reperfused tissue with Targ-CD39 compared with Non-targ-CD39 (mutated, non-binding version of Targ-CD39) and PBS control. Targ-CD39 restored ejection fraction and fractional shortening to a level indistinguishable from pre-injury status, while controls showed functional deterioration. Employing advanced clinically relevant methods of ultrasound analysis, we observed that both radial and longitudinal strain and strain rate showed infarct-typical changes of myocardial deformation in controls, but not in Targ-CD39 treated mice. Histological assessment confirmed strong reduction of infarct size and increase in neovascularization. Furthermore, attenuation of post-ischaemic inflammation was seen in cytokine profiling. Conclusion Overall, we demonstrate that Targ-CD39 holds promise for treatment of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Ziegler
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Jan David Hohmann
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Amy Kate Searle
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Meike-Kristin Abraham
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Clinical Research Laboratory, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstr. 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Harshal H Nandurkar
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.,Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Alfred Hospital, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
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15
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Rossello X, Lobo-Gonzalez M, Ibanez B. Editor's Choice- Pathophysiology and therapy of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion syndrome. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2019; 8:443-456. [PMID: 31172789 DOI: 10.1177/2048872619845283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a need to find interventions able to reduce the extent of injury in reperfused ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) beyond timely reperfusion. In this review, we summarise the clinical impact of STEMI from epidemiological, clinical and biological perspectives. We also revise the pathophysiology underlying the ischaemia/reperfusion syndrome occurring in reperfused STEMI, including the several players involved in this syndrome, such as cardiomyocytes, microcirculation and circulating cells. Interventions aimed to reduce the resultant infarct size, known as cardioprotective therapies, are extensively discussed, putting the focus on both mechanical interventions (i.e. ischaemic conditioning) and promising pharmacological therapies, such as early intravenous metoprolol, exenatide and other glucose modulators, N-acetylcysteine as well as on some other classic therapies which have failed to be translated to the clinical arena. Novel targets for evolving therapeutic interventions to ameliorate ischaemia/reperfusion injury are also discussed. Finally, we highlight the necessity to improve the study design of future randomised clinical trials in the field, as well as to select patients better who can most likely benefit from cardioprotective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Rossello
- 1 Translational Laboratory for Cardiovascular Imaging and Therapy, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Spain.,2 CIBER de enfermedades CardioVasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Manuel Lobo-Gonzalez
- 1 Translational Laboratory for Cardiovascular Imaging and Therapy, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Spain
| | - Borja Ibanez
- 1 Translational Laboratory for Cardiovascular Imaging and Therapy, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Spain.,2 CIBER de enfermedades CardioVasculares (CIBERCV), Spain.,3 Cardiology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Spain
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16
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Deja MA, Piekarska M, Malinowski M, Wiaderkiewicz R, Czekaj P, Machej L, Węglarzy A, Kowalówka A, Kołodziej T, Czech E, Plewka D, Mizia M, Latusek T, Szurlej B. Can human myocardium be remotely preconditioned? The results of a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2019; 55:1086-1094. [PMID: 30649238 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezy441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES No experimental study has shown that the myocardium of a remotely preconditioned patient is more resistant to a standardized ischaemic/hypoxic insult. METHODS This was a single-centre randomized (1:1), double-blinded, sham-controlled, parallel-group study. Patients referred for elective coronary bypass surgery were allocated to either remote ischaemic preconditioning (3 cycles of 5-min ischaemia/5-min reperfusion of the right arm using a blood pressure cuff inflated to 200 mmHg) or sham intervention. One hundred and thirty-four patients were recruited, of whom 10 dropped out, and 4 were excluded from the per-protocol analysis. The right atrial trabecula harvested on cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass was subjected to 60 min of simulated ischaemia and 120 min of reoxygenation in an isolated organ experiment. Postoperative troponin T release and haemodynamics were assessed in an in vivo study. RESULTS The atrial trabeculae obtained from remotely preconditioned patients recovered 41.9% (36.3-48.3) of the initial contraction force, whereas those from non-preconditioned patients recovered 45.9% (39.1-53.7) (P = 0.399). Overall, the content of cleaved poly (ADP ribose) polymerase in the right atrial muscle increased from 9.4% (6.0-13.5) to 19.1% (13.2-23.8) (P < 0.001) after 1 h of ischaemia and 2 h of reperfusion in vitro. The amount of activated Caspase 3 and the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells also significantly increased. No difference was observed between the remotely preconditioned and sham-treated myocardium. In the in vivo trial, the area under the curve for postoperative concentration of troponin T over 72 h was 16.4 ng⋅h/ml (95% confidence interval 14.2-18.9) for the remote ischaemic preconditioning and 15.5 ng⋅h/ml (13.4-17.9) for the control group in the intention-to-treat analysis. This translated into an area under the curve ratio of 1.06 (0.86-1.30; P = 0.586). CONCLUSIONS Remote ischaemic preconditioning with 3 cycles of 5-min ischaemia/reperfusion of the upper limb before cardiac surgery does not make human myocardium more resistant to ischaemia/reperfusion injury. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01994707.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek A Deja
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Upper-Silesian Heart Center, Katowice, Poland
| | - Magda Piekarska
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Upper-Silesian Heart Center, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marcin Malinowski
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Upper-Silesian Heart Center, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ryszard Wiaderkiewicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Czekaj
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Leszek Machej
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Węglarzy
- Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, Upper-Silesian Heart Center, Katowice, Poland
| | - Adam Kowalówka
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Upper-Silesian Heart Center, Katowice, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Kołodziej
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Upper-Silesian Heart Center, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Czech
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Danuta Plewka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Mizia
- 1 Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Latusek
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bartosz Szurlej
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Rossello X, He Z, Yellon DM. Myocardial Infarct Size Reduction Provided by Local and Remote Ischaemic Preconditioning: References Values from the Hatter Cardiovascular Institute. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2018; 32:127-33. [PMID: 29656359 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-018-6788-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To accurately estimate the effect size of both local or classic ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) and remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) using a pooling data set of 91 animals. Methods We combined all the available mouse data collected from our Institute over the last 3 years regarding (i) local IPC (4 cycles of 5 min of global ischaemia/reperfusion injury, IRI, followed by 35-min ischaemia and 2-h reperfusion) in the Langendorff-isolated perfused mouse heart model and (ii) RIPC (3 cycles of 5 min of limb occlusion followed by 40-min ischaemia and 2-h reperfusion) in the in vivo mouse model. Results Five independent experiments containing 27 control and 29 IPC mice were used to estimate the overall (i) local IPC effect, which reduced infarct size in the ex-vivo setting by a mean difference of 24.1% (95% CI 19.5, 28.6%) when compared to untreated controls (P < 0.001) and for (ii) RIPC, three independent experiments including data for 16 control and 19 RIPC mice were used to estimate that RIPC diminished infarct size in the in-vivo setting by a mean difference of 20.8% (95% CI 14.7, 26.9%) when compared to controls (P < 0.001). Conclusions Using a significant animal dataset, we found that local IPC reduces myocardial infarct size by 24.1% and RIPC by 20.8% in the ex vivo and in vivo mouse models of IRI, respectively. These differences may be used as reference values to either establish positive controls or to determine by how much myocardial infarct size can be reduced by novel cardioprotective interventions following an IRI insult.
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18
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Abat D, Bayazıt Y, Açıkalın A, Dağlıoğlu K, Yenilmez ED, Altunkol A, Erdoğan Ş, Tuli A. Beneficial effects of rolipram, a phosphodiesterase 4 specific inhibitor, on testicular torsion-detorsion injury in rats. J Pediatr Surg 2018; 53:2261-2265. [PMID: 29773452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of Rolipram, a selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, on testicular torsion - detorsion injury. METHODS Sixty young male rats were divided into five groups. In each group, the right testes of six rats were removed four hours after detorsion for biochemical analysis, and the right testes of the remaining six rats were removed 24 h after detorsion for pathological analysis. In group 1 (sham-operated) right orchiectomy was performed without torsion, and right testes were sent to the laboratory for biochemical and pathologic analyses. In group 2 (control) torsion was applied to the right testes for 60 min, and detorsion was performed without the administration of Rolipram. In group 3 torsion was applied to the right testes for 60 min. 1 mg/kg Rolipram was administered 30 min before detorsion. In group 4 torsion was applied to the right testes for 60 min, and 1 mg/kg Rolipram was administered during detorsion. In group 5 torsion was applied to the right testes for 60 min. 1 mg/kg Rolipram was administered 30 min after detorsion. The malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels were determined. The rates of necrosis and apoptosis were evaluated by histopathological examination. RESULTS The level of malondialdehyde was higher in the torsioned groups (Group 2, 3, 4, 5) than that in group 1 (p = 0.004). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the level of nitric oxide (p = 0.182). Apoptosis was higher in groups 2, 3 and 4 than in group 1; however, apoptosis was similar in group 1 and group 5 (p = 0.122). The level of necrosis in group 1 was similar to that in groups 4 and 5 (p = 0.194 and p = 0.847, respectively). CONCLUSION We suggest that the administration of Rolipram can decrease the rate of necrosis and apoptosis in testicular ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Abat
- İskenderun State Hospital, Department of Urology, Hatay, Turkey.
| | - Yıldırım Bayazıt
- Ç ukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Arbil Açıkalın
- Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Kenan Dağlıoğlu
- Experimental Research Center, Çukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Ebru Dündar Yenilmez
- Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Adem Altunkol
- University of Healthy Sciences, Adana City Hospital, Department of Urology, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Şeyda Erdoğan
- Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Abdullah Tuli
- Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Adana, Turkey.
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Xiao J, Yu K, Li M, Xiong C, Wei Y, Zeng Q. The IL-2/Anti-IL-2 Complex Attenuates Cardiac Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Expansion of Regulatory T Cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 44:1810-1827. [PMID: 29224017 DOI: 10.1159/000485818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Regulatory T cells (Tregs) can suppress immunologic damage in myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI), however, the isolation and ex vivo expansion of these cells for clinical application remains challenging. Here, we investigated whether the IL-2/anti-IL-2 complex (IL-2C), a mediator of Treg expansion, can attenuate MIRI in mice. METHODS Myocardial I/R was surgically induced in male C57BL/6 mice, aged 8-10 weeks, that were randomly assigned to 1) sham group (Sham), 2) Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS), 3) IL-2-anti-IL-2 Ab complex (IL-2C), or 4) sham group, 5) PBS, 6) IL-2C after MIRI, or 7) IL-2C, 8) IL-2C+anti-CD25 mAbs, or 9) IL-2C; 10) IL-2C+anti-TGF-β1 mAbs, 11) IL-2C+anti-IL-10 mAbs. The following parameters were measured at different time points: infarct area, myocardial apoptosis, splenocytes, the inhibitory function of Tregs, and presence of inflammatory factors. In addition, immunohistochemistry analysis was performed. RESULTS We observed that Tregs were activated in response to MIRI. IL-2C administered before MIRI induced Treg expansion in both spleen and heart, attenuated Th1 and Th17 cell numbers, improved myocardial function, and attenuated both infiltration of inflammatory cells and apoptosis after MIRI. Furthermore, IL-2C administration reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines in the heart and attenuated proliferation of splenic cells. Depletion of Tregs with anti-CD25 mAb abrogated the beneficial effects of IL-2C. However, IL-2C-mediated myocardial protection was not dependent on either IL-10 or TGF-β. In addition, IL-2C administration after MIRI did not reduce infarct area, but did improve myocardial function slightly and reduced myocardial fibrosis. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that IL-2C-induced Treg expansion attenuates MIRI and improves myocardial recovery in vivo, suggesting that IL-2C is a promising therapeutic target for myocardial IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Xiao
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunwu Yu
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanyin Xiong
- Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuzhen Wei
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiutang Zeng
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Abstract
Delayed graft function (DGF) is commonly defined as the requirement for dialysis within the first 7 days following renal transplantation. The major underlying mechanism is related to ischaemia/reperfusion injury, which includes microvascular inflammation and cell death and apoptosis, and to the regeneration processes. Several clinical factors related to donor, recipient and organ procurement/transplantation procedures may increase the risk of DGF, including donor cardiovascular instability, older donor age, donor creatinine concentration, long cold ischaemia time and marked body mass index of both the donor and recipient. Some of these parameters have been used in specific predictive formulas created to assess the risk of DGF. A variety of other pre-, intra- and post-transplant clinical factors may also increase the risk of DGF, such as potential drug nephrotoxicity, surgical problems and/or hyperimmunization of the recipient. DGF may decrease the long-term graft function, but data on this effect are inconsistent, partially due to the many different types of organ donation. Relevant management strategies may be classified into the classic clinical approach, which has the aim of minimizing the individual risk factors of DGF, and specific pharmacologic strategies, which are designed to prevent or treat ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Both strategies are currently being evaluated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Grenda
- Department of Nephrology & Kidney Transplantation, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
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21
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Wang S, Zhang F, Zhao G, Cheng Y, Wu T, Wu B, Zhang YE. Mitochondrial PKC-ε deficiency promotes I/R-mediated myocardial injury via GSK3β-dependent mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:2009-2021. [PMID: 28266127 PMCID: PMC5571523 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission is critically involved in cardiomyocyte apoptosis, which has been considered as one of the leading causes of ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R)‐induced myocardial injury. In our previous works, we demonstrate that aldehyde dehydrogenase‐2 (ALDH2) deficiency aggravates cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether ALDH2 deficiency promotes mitochondrial injury and cardiomyocyte death in response to I/R stress and the underlying mechanism. I/R injury was induced by aortic cross‐clamping for 45 min. followed by unclamping for 24 hrs in ALDH2 knockout (ALDH2−/−) and wild‐type (WT) mice. Then myocardial infarct size, cell apoptosis and cardiac function were examined. The protein kinase C (PKC) isoform expressions and their mitochondrial translocation, the activity of dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1), caspase9 and caspase3 were determined by Western blot. The effects of N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) or PKC‐δ shRNA treatment on glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β) activity and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening were also detected. The results showed that ALDH2−/− mice exhibited increased myocardial infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, enhanced levels of cleaved caspase9, caspase3 and phosphorylated Drp1. Mitochondrial PKC‐ε translocation was lower in ALDH2−/− mice than in WT mice, and PKC‐δ was the opposite. Further data showed that mitochondrial PKC isoform ratio was regulated by cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, which could be reversed by NAC pre‐treatment under I/R injury. In addition, PKC‐ε inhibition caused activation of caspase9, caspase3 and Drp1Ser616 in response to I/R stress. Importantly, expression of phosphorylated GSK‐3β (inactive form) was lower in ALDH2−/− mice than in WT mice, and both were increased by NAC pre‐treatment. I/R‐induced mitochondrial translocation of GSK‐3β was inhibited by PKC‐δ shRNA or NAC pre‐treatment. In addition, mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm) was reduced in ALDH2−/− mice after I/R, which was partly reversed by the GSK‐3β inhibitor (SB216763) or PKC‐δ shRNA. Collectively, our data provide the evidence that abnormal PKC‐ε/PKC‐δ ratio promotes the activation of Drp1 signalling, caspase cascades and GSK‐3β‐dependent mPTP opening, which results in mitochondrial injury‐triggered cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial dysfuction in ALDH2−/− mice following I/R stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Heart Centre of Zhengzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - You-En Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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Yang C, Xu H, Cai L, Du X, Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Chen ZK. Donor pretreatment with adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activator protects cardiac grafts from cold ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2015; 49:1354-60. [PMID: 26609046 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezv413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a master regulator of energy metabolism and has been shown to be protective in ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). We hypothesized that preactivation of AMPK with an activator before donor heart procurement could protect heart grafts from cold IRI. METHODS Donor Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intravenously with AMPK activator 5-amino-imidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) or vehicle 30 min before heart procurement. Heart grafts were then preserved in histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution at 4°C for 8 h. After preservation, grafts were immediately mounted on the Langendorff perfusion system and perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer at 37°C for 1 h. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in graft tissue were quantified post-preservation and post-reperfusion. After reperfusion, isolated heart function was assessed using a pressure transducer; cumulative release of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) into the perfusate was measured to assess cardiomyocyte necrosis; ultrastructural changes in the mitochondria of the grafts were examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS After preservation, myocardial ATP content in the pretreated hearts was significantly higher than in the control hearts (3.247 ± 0.3034 vs 1.817 ± 0.2533 µmol/g protein; P < 0.05). AICAR-pretreated heart grafts exhibited significantly higher coronary flow (9.667 ± 0.3159 vs 8.033 ± 0.2459 ml/min; P < 0.05) and left ventricular developing pressure (58.67 ± 2.894 vs 42.67 ± 3.333 mmHg; P < 0.05) than the vehicle treated after reperfusion. Cumulative release of CK (300.0 ± 25.30 vs 431.7 ± 42.39 U/l; P < 0.05) and LDH (228.0 ± 16.68 vs 366.8 ± 57.41 U/l; P < 0.05) in the perfusate was significantly lower in the AICAR-pretreated group than that in the control group. Myocardial MDA content was also reduced in the pretreated group (0.5167 ± 0.1046 vs 0.9333 ± 0.1333 nmol/mg protein; P < 0.05). TEM suggested that the mitochondrial structure of AICAR-pretreated hearts was much better preserved. Moreover, AICAR-pretreated hearts significantly diminished cytosolic cytochrome c release after reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that pretreatment with AMPK activator AICAR significantly protects heart grafts from extended cold IRI. This novel protocol may be useful and feasible in clinical heart transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Honglai Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The People's Hospital of Liuzhou, Liuzhou, China
| | - Lanjun Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Du
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinan Jiang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongmin Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhonghua Klaus Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
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Sommer S, Leistner M, Aleksic I, Schimmer C, Alhussini K, Kanofsky P, Leyh RG, Sommer SP. Impact of levosimendan and ischaemia-reperfusion injury on myocardial subsarcolemmal mitochondrial respiratory chain, mitochondrial membrane potential, Ca2+ cycling and ATP synthesis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2015; 49:e54-62; discussion e62. [PMID: 26586791 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezv397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Levosimendan (LS) is increasingly used in case of myocardial failure after cardiac surgery. The impact of LS on myocardial mitochondrial functions, such as respiratory chain function (RCF), mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), Ca(2+) handling, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and ATP during ongoing ischaemia/reperfusion (IR) injury, is not well understood. Depending on LS, I/R injury or the combination of both, we analysed myocardial functions in a retrograde Langendorff-model followed by the analysis of subsarcolemmal mitochondrial (SSM) functions. METHODS Rat hearts were divided into four study groups; two were subjected to 30 min of perfusion without (control) or with the application of 1.4 µmol/20 min LS (Levo). Experiments were repeated with hearts being subjected to 40 min of normothermic stop-flow ischaemia and 30 min of reperfusion without (IR) or with LS application (Levo-IR). Systolic left ventricular pressure (LVPsys), left ventricular contractility (LVdp/dtmax) and coronary flow were determined. SSM were analysed regarding RCF, ΔΨm, ATP, and Ca(2+) retention capacity (CRC), Ca(2+)-induced swelling and Ca(2+) fluxes after (re)perfusion. RESULTS I/R injury suppressed LVdp/dtmax (1381 ± 927 vs 2464 ± 913 mmHg/s; P = 0.01 at 30 min (re-)perfusion time). IR revealed complex I-V state3 (19.1 ± 7.4 vs 27.6 ± 11.0 nmolO2/min; P < 0.044) and II-V state3 (20.6 ± 6.8 vs 37.3 ± 9.10 molO2/min; P < 0.0001) suppression and Levo limited I-V (14.8 ± 11.1 vs 27.6 ± 11.0 nmolO2/min; P < 0.001) and II-V (24.1 ± 6.4 vs 37.3 ± 9.10 molO2/min; P < 0.0001) function. After energizing, ΔΨm hypopolarization was observed in Levo (0.76 ± 0.04 vs 0.84 ± 0.04; P = 0.02), IR (0.75 ± 0.06 vs 0.84 ± 0.04; P = 0.007) and Levo-IR (0.75 ± 0.06 vs 0.06 ± 0.04; P = 0.01). IR (AUC: 626 vs 292; P = 0.023) and Levo-IR (AUC: 683 vs 292, P = 0.003) increased Ca(2+)-induced mPTP-opening susceptibility. CRC declined in IR (6.4 ± 2.1 vs 10.5 ± 2.6; P = 0.04) or Levo (6.5 ± 2.0 vs 10.5 ± 2.6; P = 0.023). Ca(2+) uptake was delayed in IR and Levo-IR without LS impact (P < 0.0001). Ca(2+) liberation was increased in Levo-IR. ATP synthesis was reduced in Levo (0.49 ± 0.14 vs 0.74 ± 0.14; P = 0.002) and Levo-I/R (0.34 ± 0.18 vs 0.74 ± 0.14; P < 0.002). CONCLUSION LS limited RCF at complex IV and V with ΔΨm hypopolarization suggesting a specific [Formula: see text]-dependent pathway. Ca(2+) redistribution from SSM by LS during I/R injury possibly prevents from Ca(2+) overload due to mPTP flickering. LS-induced mPTP flickering did not promote permanent Ca(2+)-induced mPTP opening. LS-dependent inhibition of ATP generation presumably resulted from complex IV and V limitations and lowered ΔΨm. However, a resulting impact of limited ATP synthesis on myocardial recovery remains arguable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Sommer
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Leistner
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivan Aleksic
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schimmer
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Khaled Alhussini
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peer Kanofsky
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer G Leyh
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian-Patrick Sommer
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany Klinik f. Herz- und Gefäßchirurgie, Segeberger Kliniken, Bad Segeberg, Germany
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Vieira AKG, Soares VM, Bernardo AF, Neves FA, Mattos ABM, Guedes RM, Cortez E, Andrade DC, Lacerda-Miranda G, Garcia-Souza EP, Moura AS. Overnourishment during lactation induces metabolic and haemodynamic heart impairment during adulthood. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25:1062-1069. [PMID: 26315623 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM In this study, the effects of postnatal overfeeding on heart energy homoeostasis and cardiac haemodynamics in adult male Swiss mice were examined. METHODS AND RESULTS During the suckling period, the mice were divided into four groups of control or overfed pups in combination with baseline or ischaemia/reperfusion treatments (control group baseline, CGBL; overfed group baseline, OGBL; control group ischaemia/reperfusion, CGIR; and overfed group ischaemia/reperfusion, OGIR). End diastolic pressure (EDP), heart contraction speed (Max dP/dt), relaxation speed (Min dP/dt), isovolumetric relaxation time (Tau) and frequency by beats per minute (BPM) were measured. During baseline and ischaemia/reperfusion, key proteins such as AKT1, AKT2, AKT3, pAKT, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), pAMPK, insulin receptor beta (IRβ), protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), fatty acid binding protein (FABP), CD36, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) were studied. The expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) and uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) was studied as a marker of cardiac hypertrophy and energetic metabolism. Cardiac fibrosis was analyzed by quantifying collagen deposition, which is increased in the OGBL and OGIR groups compared with the control groups. CONCLUSIONS The OGBL group showed reduced EDP compared with the CGBL group and high Max dP/dt compared with the OGBL group. Ischaemia/reperfusion increased EDP and Min dP/dt in the intragroup comparison. By contrast, Tau and frequency were not significantly different among groups. The OGIR mice showed significant alterations in heart metabolism proteins, including AKT2, pAKT/AKT1, pAKT/AKT2, AMPK, pAMPK/AMPK, PTP1B, IRS1, FABP and CD36. Furthermore, alterations in ANP, BNP, CPT1 and UCP3 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression indicated hypertrophy and reduction in their efficiency, such that exclusive overnutrition in childhood induces a long-term effect on haemodynamics, metabolism and heart remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K G Vieira
- Laboratory of Physiology of Nutrition and Development, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - V M Soares
- Laboratory of Physiology of Nutrition and Development, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A F Bernardo
- Laboratory of Physiology of Nutrition and Development, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F A Neves
- Laboratory of Physiology of Nutrition and Development, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A B M Mattos
- Laboratory of Physiology of Nutrition and Development, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R M Guedes
- Laboratory of Physiology of Nutrition and Development, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E Cortez
- Laboratory of Cell Culture, Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - D C Andrade
- Laboratory of Cell Culture, Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - G Lacerda-Miranda
- Laboratory of Physiology of Nutrition and Development, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E P Garcia-Souza
- Laboratory of Physiology of Nutrition and Development, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A S Moura
- Laboratory of Physiology of Nutrition and Development, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Chai Q, Liu J, Hu Y. Comparison of femoral and aortic remote ischaemia preconditioning for cardioprotection against myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury in a rat model. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2014; 19:1013-8. [PMID: 25205781 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivu303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Remote ischaemia preconditioning (RIPC) induces some protection against heart ischaemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. However, many different methods were tried in the past, and no consensus exists. The aim of this study was to compare femoral and aortic ischaemia preconditioning on cardiac markers and on heart injury after IR. METHODS Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into four groups: the sham group, control group, femoral group (F, bilateral femoral artery ischaemia) and aorta group (A, abdominal aorta ischaemia). They were submitted to 30 min occlusion of the left coronary artery and to 180 min reperfusion (except the sham group) after different preconditioning protocols (femoral versus aortic). Cardiac markers, infarct area and cardiomyocyte apoptosis index were compared between groups using analysis of variance. RESULTS Creatine kinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase and cardiac troponin I levels were lower in Group F compared with the control group, while there was no difference between Group A and the control group for these three parameters. There were significant differences between the control and experimental groups in myocardial infarct size (control: 48.34 ± 6.79% vs F: 29.64 ± 4.51% and A: 31.81 ± 9.62%, P <0.001). Group F had a lower cardiomyocyte apoptosis index than controls (18.32 ± 9.30 vs 31.75 ± 10.65%, P = 0.016), but there was no difference between Group A and controls (23.25 ± 4.77%, P = 0.107). CONCLUSIONS These results confirmed the cardioprotection of RIPC against myocardial IR injury. However, they did not provide sufficient supporting evidence for the enhancement of cardioprotection with an increased area of remote ischaemia preconditioning in rat, or with different ischaemia sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chai
- Department of Critical Medicine and Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Critical Medicine and Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Akdemir A, Erbaş O, Ergenoğlu M, Ozgür Yeniel A, Oltulu F, Yavaşoğlu A, Taskiran D. Montelukast prevents ischaemia/reperfusion-induced ovarian damage in rats. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2014; 173:71-6. [PMID: 24360058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of montelukast for prevention of ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat ovary. STUDY DESIGN Twenty-four female adult rats were included in the study. I/R injury was induced by CO2 pneumoperitoneum in a laparoscopic rat model. The rats were divided at random into three groups: the sham group was subjected to catheter insertion but was not subjected to pneumoperitoneum; the saline group was subjected to 60 min of pneumoperitoneum and 30 min of reperfusion, with 1 mg/kg physiological saline administered 10 min before pneumoperitoneum; and the montelukast group was subjected to 60 min of pneumoperitoneum and 30 min of reperfusion, with 20mg/kg montelukast administered 10 min before pneumoperitoneum. Damage to ovarian tissue was scored by histopathological evaluation. Caspase-3 expression was determined immunohistochemically. Ovarian tissue levels of malondialdehyde and glutathione, and plasma total antioxidant capacity were measured biochemically. RESULTS In comparison with the sham group, ovarian sections in the montelukast group had higher scores for follicular degeneration and oedema (p<0.001). Montelukast treatment prevented tissue damage in ovaries, and this result was significant. Caspase-3 expression was only observed in ovarian surface epithelium in the saline and montelukast groups. However, the mean caspase-3 expression score was higher in the saline group than the montelukast group (p<0.001). Tissue levels of malondialdehyde were higher in the montelukast group than the sham group, but plasma total antioxidant capacity and tissue levels of glutathione were significantly lower. Pretreatment with montelukast reduced lipid peroxidation (p<0.005) and improved antioxidant status in rats (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Montelukast is effective for the prevention of I/R-induced damage in rat ovary.
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Huerta L, Rancan L, Simón C, Isea J, Vidaurre E, Vara E, Garutti I, González-Aragoneses F. Ischaemic preconditioning prevents the liver inflammatory response to lung ischaemia/reperfusion in a swine lung autotransplant model. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2012. [PMID: 23178815 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezs599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lung ischaemia/reperfusion (IR) induces a systemic inflammatory response that causes damage to remote organs. The liver is particularly sensitive to circulating inflammatory mediators that occur after IR of remote organs. Recently, remote ischaemic preconditioning has been proposed as a surgical tool to protect several organs from IR. The present study was designed to investigate a possible protective effect of lung ischaemic preconditioning (IP) against the liver inflammatory response to lung IR. METHODS Two groups [IP and control (CON)] of 10 Large White pigs underwent lung autotransplants (left pneumonectomy, ex situ cranial lobectomy and caudal lobe reimplantation). Before pneumonectomy was performed in the study group, IP was induced with two 5-min cycles of left pulmonary arterial occlusion and a 5-min interval of reperfusion between the two occlusions. Five animals underwent sham surgery. Liver biopsies were obtained during surgery at (i) prepneumonectomy, (ii) prereperfusion, (iii) 10 min after reperfusion of the implanted lobe and (iv) 30 min after reperfusion. The expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-10 and inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was analysed by western blotting. The expression of mRNA for TNF-α, IL1, IL-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), nuclear factor kappa beta and iNOS was analysed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Caspase-3 activity was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Non-parametric tests were used to compare differences between and within groups. RESULTS Lung IR markedly increased expression of TNF-α (P = 0.0051) and IL-1 (P = 0.0051) and caspase-3 activity (P = 0.0043) in the CON group compared with the prepneumonectomy levels. A decrease of IL-10 mRNA expression was observed in the CON group after lung reperfusion. In the IP group, TNF-α (P = 0.0011) and IL-1 (P = 0.0001) expression and caspase-3 activity (P < 0.0009) were lower after reperfusion than in the CON group. IP caused reversion of the observed decrease of IL-10 mRNA expression (P = 0.016) induced in liver tissue by lung IR. Lung IR markedly increased the expression of mRNA MCP-1 after 10 min (P = 0.0051) and 30 min (P = 0.0051) of reperfusion. These increases were not observed in the IP or sham groups. CONCLUSIONS IP prevented liver injury induced by lung IR through the reduction of proinflammatory cytokines and hepatocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Huerta
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
Ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is an underlying complex interrelated patho-physiological process which effects the outcome of many clinical situations, in particular transplantation. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine; a trimeric protein encoded within the major histocompatibility complex which plays a pivotal role in this disease process. This review is based at looking into an update, particularly the new insights in the mechanisms of action of TNF antagonist such as infliximab. Infliximab may thus play a dual role in the field of transplantation where it might not only down regulate the I/R injury, it may also have a beneficial role in the reduction of acute rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Bagul
- Atul Bagul, Transplant Division, III Department, University of Leicester, Leicester-UK and University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, United Kingdom
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