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Goryczka T, Szponder T, Dudek K, Wierzchoń T, Paluch J, Jasik K, Wiaderkiewicz R. NiTi Shape Memory Clamps with Modified Surface for Bone Fracture Treatment. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5575. [PMID: 37629866 PMCID: PMC10456378 DOI: 10.3390/ma16165575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Using NiTi alloys with shape memory for long-term medical implants requires modification of their surface due to the possible occurrence of corrosion. Hence, the surface of the staples used to join fractured bone within the craniofacial region was modified by applying a titanium oxy-nitrogen layer and a hydroxyapatite coating. Surface-modified clamps were tested in vivo using New Zealand white rabbits. After determining the mechanical characteristics of the bone and considering the initial state and surface modification, the diameter of the wire (used to make the clamps with the appropriate compression force) was selected. Implantation was performed on two groups of rabbits: experimental and control. In the experimental group, an intentionally induced bone fracture was treated in one tibia. On the second tibia, two additional clamps were applied to increase the possibility of a negative impact of the NiTi alloy on a living organism. After 6 weeks of application, a proper joining of the broken bone fragments was stated. Whereas after twelve weeks, no negative impact of the clamp material on a living organism, i.e., a rabbit, was found. Hence, the clamp with the modified surface can connect bone fragments in humans as well as small and medium-sized animals, with an extended range of use up to 12 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Goryczka
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Szponder
- Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Karolina Dudek
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland;
- Łukasiewcz Research Network, Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Cementowa 8, 31-983 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Wierzchoń
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Jarosław Paluch
- Department and Clinic of Laryngology, Medical University of Silesia, Francuska 20-24, 40-027 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Jasik
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Ryszard Wiaderkiewicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
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Rybicka-Ramos M, Markiewicz M, Suszka-Świtek A, Wiaderkiewicz R, Mizia S, Dzierżak-Mietła M, Białas K. Profiles of interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. World J Biol Chem 2022; 13:72-82. [PMID: 36187719 PMCID: PMC9521416 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v13.i4.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) may be related to the occurrence of complications, including graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and infections. The pathogenesis of acute GvHD is connected with T lymphocytes, which identify alloantigens on host's antigen-presenting cells, activate production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2), and act on the immune effector cells and damage tissues and organs.
AIM The aim of the study was to investigate and distinguish serum concentration profiles of IFN-gamma and IL-2 within a 30-d period after allo-HSCT.
METHODS We enrolled 62 patients, i.e., 30 (48%) male and 32 (52%) female subjects [median age 49.5 (19-68) years], after allo-HSCT from siblings (n = 12) or unrelated donors (n = 50) due to acute myeloid leukemia with myeloablative conditioning (n = 26; 42%) and with non-myeloablative conditioning (n = 36; 58%). All patients were given standard immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporin-A and methotrexate and pre-transplant antithymocyte globulin in the unrelated setting. Blood samples were collected pre-transplant before and after (on day -1) the conditioning therapy and on days +2,+4, +6, +10, +20, and +30 after allo-HSCT. Serum levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma were determined using ELISA.
RESULTS Patients were divided into four groups depending on the presence of acute GvHD and clinical manifestations of infection. Group I included patients with neither acute GvHD nor infections [n = 15 (24%)], group II consisted of patients with infections without acute GvHD [n = 17 (27%)], group III was comprised of patients with acute GvHD without infections [n = 9 (15%)], and group IV included patients with both acute GvHD and infections [n = 21 (34%)]. IFN-gamma concentrations were higher in Group II than in other groups on days +20 (P = 0.014) and +30 (P = 0.008). Post-hoc tests showed lower concentrations of IFN-gamma on day +30 in groups I (P = 0.039) and IV (P = 0.017) compared to group II. The levels of IL-2 were mostly undetectable.
CONCLUSION Serum levels of IFN-gamma following allo-HSCT progressively escalate. High serum levels of IFN-gamma are related to infectious complications rather than acute GvHD. Serum concentrations of IL-2 in most patients are undetectable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirosław Markiewicz
- Department of Hematology, University of Rzeszow, College of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Rzeszów 35-315, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Suszka-Świtek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Ryszard Wiaderkiewicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Sylwia Mizia
- Department of Population Health, Division of Epidemiology and Health Education, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław 51-618, Poland
| | - Monika Dzierżak-Mietła
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Hematooncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice 44-102, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Białas
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, SPSK-M Hospital, Katowice 40-027, Poland
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Skoczyński S, Trejnowska E, Paluch J, Tomsia M, Stasiów B, Armatowicz P, Wiaderkiewicz R, Swinarew A, Droździok K, Oraczewska A, Barczyk A, Scala R. Post-tracheostomy complications: respiratory failure caused by authologic foreign body—case report. Ann Palliat Med 2022; 11:2761-2767. [DOI: 10.21037/apm-21-2110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Targosz A, Przystałka P, Wiaderkiewicz R, Mrugacz G. Semantic segmentation of human oocyte images using deep neural networks. Biomed Eng Online 2021; 20:40. [PMID: 33892725 PMCID: PMC8066497 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-021-00864-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infertility is a significant problem of humanity. In vitro fertilisation is one of the most effective and frequently applied ART methods. The effectiveness IVF depends on the assessment and selection of gametes and embryo with the highest developmental potential. The subjective nature of morphological assessment of oocytes and embryos is still one of the main reasons for seeking effective and objective methods for assessing quality in automatic manner. The most promising methods to automatic classification of oocytes and embryos are based on image analysis aided by machine learning techniques. The special attention is paid on deep neural networks that can be used as classifiers solving the problem of automatic assessment of the oocytes/embryos. METHODS This paper deals with semantic segmentation of human oocyte images using deep neural networks in order to develop new version of the predefined neural networks. Deep semantic oocyte segmentation networks can be seen as medically oriented predefined networks understanding the content of the image. The research presented in the paper is focused on the performance comparison of different types of convolutional neural networks for semantic oocyte segmentation. In the case study, the merits and limitations of the selected deep neural networks are analysed. RESULTS 71 deep neural models were analysed. The best score was obtained for one of the variants of DeepLab-v3-ResNet-18 model, when the training accuracy (Acc) reached about 85% for training patterns and 79% for validation ones. The weighted intersection over union (wIoU) and global accuracy (gAcc) for test patterns were calculated, as well. The obtained values of these quality measures were 0,897 and 0.93, respectively. CONCLUSION The obtained results prove that the proposed approach can be applied to create deep neural models for semantic oocyte segmentation with the high accuracy guaranteeing their usage as the predefined networks in other tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Targosz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Silesia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 18 Medyków St., 40-752 Katowice, Poland
- Center for Reproductive Medicine Bocian, 26 Akademicka St., 15-267 Białystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Przystałka
- Department of Fundamentals of Machinery Design, Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, 18a Konarskiego St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ryszard Wiaderkiewicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Silesia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 18 Medyków St., 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Mrugacz
- Center for Reproductive Medicine Bocian, 26 Akademicka St., 15-267 Białystok, Poland
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Rybicka-Ramos M, Markiewicz M, Suszka-Switek A, Wiaderkiewicz R, Mizia S, Dzierzak-Mietla M, Bialas K. Proinflammatory cytokines as potential risk factors of acute graft-versus-host disease and infectious complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Am J Blood Res 2021; 11:149-156. [PMID: 34079628 PMCID: PMC8165716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is associated with a risk of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and infections. The pathogenesis of acute GvHD is related to T-lymphocytes, which identify alloantigens on host antigen-presenting cells, induce production of interferon (IFN) gamma and interleukin (IL)-2, recruit immune effector cells and destroy tissues and organs. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study involved 62 patients, 30 (48%) men and 32 (52%) women [median age 49.5; (19-68) years] after myeloablative conditioning (MAC) n = 26 (42%) or reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) n = 36 (58%) therapy before allo-HSCT from a sibling (n = 12) or unrelated (n = 50) donor due to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). All patients received standard immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporine A and methotrexate plus pre-transplant anti-thymocyte globulin in the unrelated transplant setting. Blood samples were collected pre-transplant before the start of and after conditioning therapy (1 day pre-transplant) and 2, 4, 6, 10, 20, 30 days following allo-HSCT. The analysis of potential risk factors included IL-2 and IFN-gamma concentrations, patients' age, the use of MAC/RIC and CR/non-CR status before transplantation. RESULTS The statistical analysis revealed that independent risk factors for aGvHD included non-CR status before allo-HSCT [odds ratio (OR) = 10.52, P = 0.040], the use of MAC [hazard ratio (HR) = 4.80, P = 0.007] and a high level of IFN-gamma on day 6 post-transplant (HR = 1.03, P = 0.032). MAC was also the independent risk factor for infectious complications (OR = 4.04, P = 0.024). CONCLUSION A high level of IFN-gamma on day 6 post-transplant, non-CR status before allo-HSCT and the use of MAC are independent risk factors for aGvHD. MAC is also the independent risk factor of infectious complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miroslaw Markiewicz
- University of Rzeszow, College of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of HematologyRzeszow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Suszka-Switek
- School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Department of Histology and EmbryologyKatowice, Poland
| | - Ryszard Wiaderkiewicz
- School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Department of Histology and EmbryologyKatowice, Poland
| | - Sylwia Mizia
- Faculty of Health Science, Wroclaw Medical University, Department of Public Health, Department of Organization and ManagementWroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Dzierzak-Mietla
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and HematooncologyGliwice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bialas
- SPSK-M Hospital, Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow TransplantationKatowice, Poland
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Krzystanek M, Asman M, Witecka J, Pałasz A, Wiaderkiewicz R. Exploratory study of selected nucleotide variants in GRIN1, GRIN2A and GRIN2B encoding subunits of the NMDA receptor in a targeted group of schizophrenia patients with chronic cognitive impairment. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 73:269-277. [PMID: 33237434 PMCID: PMC7862516 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00192-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Schizophrenia is a mental disease that affects approximately 1% of the population. Despite over 100 years of research, its pathomechanism has still not been clarified. Cognitive deficits, which are one of the symptomatic dimensions of schizophrenia, usually appear a few years before the first psychotic episode. Therefore, this is why they are probably the clinical manifestation of the primary pathomechanism of schizophrenia. It is also supposed that N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) insufficiency in the prefrontal cortex is responsible for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. The study aimed to examine whether four selected single nucleotide variants in GRIN1, GRIN2A and GRIN2B encoding NMDA-R subunits, of which two have not been tested before, are linked with the selected clinical phenotype of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. Methods The study included the targeted group of 117 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, all with cognitive deficits and in symptomatic remission. DNA fragments including the studied polymorphisms of the NMDA receptors subunit genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and subjected to sequencing. Results The study did not confirm the presence of any of the four selected single nucleotide variants in GRIN1, GRIN2A and GRIN2B subunits of NMDA-R. Conclusions The finding indicates that selected single nucleotide variants in GRIN2A and GRIN2B encoding subunits of the NMDA receptor are not associated with the presence of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Krzystanek
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ziołowa 45/47, 40-635, Katowice, Poland. .,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ziołowa 45/47, 40-635, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Marek Asman
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jedności 8, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Joanna Witecka
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jedności 8, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Artur Pałasz
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ryszard Wiaderkiewicz
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
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Pałasz A, Suszka-Świtek A, Kaśkosz A, Plewka D, Bogus K, Filipczyk Ł, Błaszczyk I, Bacopoulou F, Worthington JJ, Piwowarczyk-Nowak A, Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor M, Wiaderkiewicz R. Spexin-expressing neurons in the magnocellular nuclei of the human hypothalamus. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 111:101883. [PMID: 33161073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are involved in numerous brain activities being responsible for a wide spectrum of higher mental functions. The purpose of this concise, structural and qualitative investigation was to map the possible immunoreactivity of the novel neuropeptide spexin (SPX) within the human magnocellular hypothalamus. SPX is a newly identified peptide, a natural ligand for the galanin receptors (GALR) 2/3, with no molecular structure similarities to currently known regulatory factors. SPX seems to have multiple physiological functions, with an involvement in reproduction and food-intake regulation recently revealed in animal studies. For the first time we describe SPX expressing neurons in the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei of the human hypothalamus using immunohistochemical and fluorescent methods, key regions involved in the mechanisms of osmotic homeostasis, energy expenditure, consummatory behaviour, reproductive processes, social recognition and stress responses. The vast majority of neurons located in both examined neurosecretory nuclei show abundant SPX expression and this may indirectly implicate a potential contribution of SPX signalling to the hypothalamic physiology in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Pałasz
- Department of Histology, School of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Suszka-Świtek
- Department of Histology, School of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kaśkosz
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Danuta Plewka
- Department of Cytophysiology, School of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bogus
- Department of Histology, School of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Filipczyk
- Department of Histology, School of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Iwona Błaszczyk
- Department of Histology, School of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - John J Worthington
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Aneta Piwowarczyk-Nowak
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ryszard Wiaderkiewicz
- Department of Histology, School of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
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Krzystanek M, Asman M, Witecka J, Pałasz A, Wiaderkiewicz R. Selected single-nucleotide variants in GRIN1, GRIN2A, and GRIN2B encoding subunits of the NMDA receptor are not biomarkers of schizophrenia resistant to clozapine: exploratory study. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 73:309-315. [PMID: 33025395 PMCID: PMC7862503 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00165-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Schizophrenia is a common mental illness whose pathogenesis is still unknown. The vulnerability and stress model in schizophrenia assume that susceptibility to the disease is mainly associated with genes. Of the five symptomatic dimensions of schizophrenia, cognitive impairment appears to be most associated with the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The aim of the study was to explore whether selected nucleotide variants in GRIN1, GRIN2A, and GRIN2B encoding subunits of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) receptor occur in a selected group of patients with treatment resistant schizophrenia with cognitive impairment. Methods The study included 45 patients diagnosed with super refractory schizophrenia, all with cognitive deficits and chronically psychotic. DNA fragments including the studied polymorphisms of the NMDA receptors subunit genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and subjected to sequencing. Results The study did not confirm the presence of any of the four selected single-nucleotide variants in GRIN1, GRIN2A, and GRIN2B subunits of NMDA-R in the study group. Conclusion Results of the study indicated that the selected single-nucleotide variants are not associated both with resistance to clozapine and the presence of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. It is possible, however, that a more extensive sequencing along with analyzing the expression of these genes may reveal different single-nucleotide variants than those assumed in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Krzystanek
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ziołowa 45/47, 40-635, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Marek Asman
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jedności 8, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Joanna Witecka
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jedności 8, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Artur Pałasz
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ryszard Wiaderkiewicz
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
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Pałasz A, Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor M, Suszka-Świtek A, Bacopoulou F, Dmitrzak-Węglarz M, Dutkiewicz A, Słopień A, Janas-Kozik M, Wilczyński KM, Filipczyk Ł, Bogus K, Rojczyk E, Paszyńska E, Wiaderkiewicz R. Longitudinal study on novel neuropeptides phoenixin, spexin and kisspeptin in adolescent inpatients with anorexia nervosa - association with psychiatric symptoms. Nutr Neurosci 2019; 24:896-906. [PMID: 31736434 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1692494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is hypothesized that novel neuropeptides such as phoenixin (PNX), spexin (SPX), and kisspeptin (KISS) are involved in the pathogenesis of eating disorders. The study presented here analyzed neuropeptide concentrations during the course of anorexia nervosa (AN) and aimed to correlate those values with anthropometric and psychometric measurements. METHODS A longitudinal study was carried outin 30 AN adolescent patients and 15 age-matched healthy female controls. Selected neuroprotein serum levels were analyzed in malnourished patients (accAN) and following partial weight recovery (norAN), and these values were compared with the control group. RESULTS In accAN patients, decreased serum PNX levels were detected while SPX serum concentrations were lower in the accAN and norAN patients. No differences were observed in KISS concentrations in all studied groups. CONCLUSIONS In malnourished adolescent inpatients with AN, serum PNX and SPX level were decreased. The partial weight recovery normalized PNX concentrations but failed to normalize SPX levels. Therefore these two neuropeptides might be crucial for the etiology and course of the AN. The KISS levels did not change in the course of AN. The PNX levels were associated with some symptoms of eating disorders which may indicate its potential contribution in the regulation of emotions and behaviors in AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Pałasz
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Suszka-Świtek
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- First Department of Pediatrics, Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz
- Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agata Dutkiewicz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Słopień
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Janas-Kozik
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof M Wilczyński
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Filipczyk
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bogus
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Rojczyk
- Department of Descriptive and Topographic Anatomy, School of Medicine with Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia Zabrze, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Paszyńska
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Faculty of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ryszard Wiaderkiewicz
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Lasut B, Palasz A, Filipczyk L, Arias-Carrion O, Rojczyk E, Savchyna M, Bogus K, Worthington JJ, Krzystanek M, Wiaderkiewicz R. Long-term Treatment with Olanzapine Increases the Number of Sox2 and Doublecortin Expressing Cells in the Adult Subventricular Zone. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2019; 17:458-463. [PMID: 29952270 DOI: 10.2174/1871527317666180627113544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Continuously active neurogenic regions in the adult brain are located in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Neurogenesis is modulated by many factors such as growth factors, neurotransmitters and hormones. Neuropsychiatric drugs, especially antidepressants, mood stabilizers and antipsychotics may also affect the origin of neuronal cells. METHOD The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of chronic olanzapine treatment on adult rat neurogenesis at the level of the SVZ. The number of neuroblasts was evaluated using immunohistochemical and fluorescent detection of sex determining region Y-box 2 and doublecortin expressing cells. RESULTS & CONCLUSION The results indicate that olanzapine has proneurogenic effects on the adult rat SVZ, as the mean number of sex determining region Y-box 2 and doublecortin-positive cells increased significantly, while there was a similar tendency in the subgranular zone. Collectively, these results suggest that long-term treatment with olanzapine may stimulate neurogenic stem cell formation in the SVZ which supports adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lasut
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medykow 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Artur Palasz
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medykow 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Lukasz Filipczyk
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medykow 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Oscar Arias-Carrion
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueno/Centro de Innovacion Medica Aplicada, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ewa Rojczyk
- Department of Descriptive and Topographic Anatomy, School of Medicine with Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Mariia Savchyna
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Katarzyna Bogus
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medykow 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - John J Worthington
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Marek Krzystanek
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Ziolowa 45/47 40-635,Katowice, Poland
| | - Ryszard Wiaderkiewicz
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medykow 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
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11
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Deja MA, Piekarska M, Malinowski M, Wiaderkiewicz R, Czekaj P, Machej L, Węglarzy A, Kowalówka A, Kołodziej T, Czech E, Plewka D, Mizia M, Latusek T, Szurlej B. Can human myocardium be remotely preconditioned? The results of a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2019; 55:1086-1094. [PMID: 30649238 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezy441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES No experimental study has shown that the myocardium of a remotely preconditioned patient is more resistant to a standardized ischaemic/hypoxic insult. METHODS This was a single-centre randomized (1:1), double-blinded, sham-controlled, parallel-group study. Patients referred for elective coronary bypass surgery were allocated to either remote ischaemic preconditioning (3 cycles of 5-min ischaemia/5-min reperfusion of the right arm using a blood pressure cuff inflated to 200 mmHg) or sham intervention. One hundred and thirty-four patients were recruited, of whom 10 dropped out, and 4 were excluded from the per-protocol analysis. The right atrial trabecula harvested on cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass was subjected to 60 min of simulated ischaemia and 120 min of reoxygenation in an isolated organ experiment. Postoperative troponin T release and haemodynamics were assessed in an in vivo study. RESULTS The atrial trabeculae obtained from remotely preconditioned patients recovered 41.9% (36.3-48.3) of the initial contraction force, whereas those from non-preconditioned patients recovered 45.9% (39.1-53.7) (P = 0.399). Overall, the content of cleaved poly (ADP ribose) polymerase in the right atrial muscle increased from 9.4% (6.0-13.5) to 19.1% (13.2-23.8) (P < 0.001) after 1 h of ischaemia and 2 h of reperfusion in vitro. The amount of activated Caspase 3 and the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells also significantly increased. No difference was observed between the remotely preconditioned and sham-treated myocardium. In the in vivo trial, the area under the curve for postoperative concentration of troponin T over 72 h was 16.4 ng⋅h/ml (95% confidence interval 14.2-18.9) for the remote ischaemic preconditioning and 15.5 ng⋅h/ml (13.4-17.9) for the control group in the intention-to-treat analysis. This translated into an area under the curve ratio of 1.06 (0.86-1.30; P = 0.586). CONCLUSIONS Remote ischaemic preconditioning with 3 cycles of 5-min ischaemia/reperfusion of the upper limb before cardiac surgery does not make human myocardium more resistant to ischaemia/reperfusion injury. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01994707.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek A Deja
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Upper-Silesian Heart Center, Katowice, Poland
| | - Magda Piekarska
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Upper-Silesian Heart Center, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marcin Malinowski
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Upper-Silesian Heart Center, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ryszard Wiaderkiewicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Czekaj
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Leszek Machej
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Węglarzy
- Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, Upper-Silesian Heart Center, Katowice, Poland
| | - Adam Kowalówka
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Upper-Silesian Heart Center, Katowice, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Kołodziej
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Upper-Silesian Heart Center, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Czech
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Danuta Plewka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Mizia
- 1 Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Latusek
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bartosz Szurlej
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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12
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Pałasz A, Bogus K, Suszka-Świtek A, Kaśkosz A, Saint-Remy S, Piwowarczyk-Nowak A, Filipczyk Ł, Worthington JJ, Mordecka-Chamera K, Kostro K, Bajor G, Wiaderkiewicz R. The first identification of nesfatin-1-expressing neurons in the human bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:349-355. [PMID: 30770997 PMCID: PMC6449486 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-01984-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are involved in various brain activities being able to control a wide spectrum of higher mental functions. The purpose of this concise structural investigation was to detect the possible immunoreactivity of the novel multifunctional neuropeptide nesfatin-1 within the human bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). The BNST is involved in the mechanism of fear learning, integration of stress and reward circuits, and pathogenesis of addiction. Nesfatin-1-expressing neurons were identified for the first time in several regions of the BNST using both immunohistochemical and fluorescent methods. This may implicate a potential contribution of this neuropeptide to the BNST-related mechanisms of stress/reward responses in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Pałasz
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Bogus
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Suszka-Świtek
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kaśkosz
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Shirley Saint-Remy
- American Medical Student Association (AMSA), School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aneta Piwowarczyk-Nowak
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Filipczyk
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - John J Worthington
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Kinga Mordecka-Chamera
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Karol Kostro
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Bajor
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ryszard Wiaderkiewicz
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
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13
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Suszka‐Świtek A, Pałasz A, Filipczyk Ł, Menezes IC, Mordecka‐Chamera K, Angelone T, Bogus K, Bacopoulou F, Worthington JJ, Wiaderkiewicz R. The Gn
RH
analogues affect novel neuropeptide
SMIM
20/phoenixin and
GPR
173 receptor expressions in the female rat hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (
HPG
) axis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:350-359. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Suszka‐Świtek
- Department of Histology School of Medicine in Katowice Medical University of Silesia Katowice Poland
| | - Artur Pałasz
- Department of Histology School of Medicine in Katowice Medical University of Silesia Katowice Poland
| | - Łukasz Filipczyk
- Department of Histology School of Medicine in Katowice Medical University of Silesia Katowice Poland
| | - Itiana Castro Menezes
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour Faculty of Medicine University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Kinga Mordecka‐Chamera
- Department of Histology School of Medicine in Katowice Medical University of Silesia Katowice Poland
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiac Physiology Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Calabria Arcavacata di Rende Italy
| | - Katarzyna Bogus
- Department of Histology School of Medicine in Katowice Medical University of Silesia Katowice Poland
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care First Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children's Hospital Athens Greece
| | - John J. Worthington
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences Faculty of Health and Medicine Lancaster University Lancaster UK
| | - Ryszard Wiaderkiewicz
- Department of Histology School of Medicine in Katowice Medical University of Silesia Katowice Poland
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14
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Pałasz A, Pałka M, Filipczyk Ł, Menezes IC, Rojczyk E, Worthington JJ, Piwowarczyk-Nowak A, Krzystanek M, Wiaderkiewicz R. Effect of long-term treatment with classical neuroleptics on NPQ/spexin, kisspeptin and POMC mRNA expression in the male rat amygdala. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1099-1105. [PMID: 29488100 PMCID: PMC5999179 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1868-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuroleptics modulate the expression level of some regulatory neuropeptides in the brain. However, if these therapeutics influence the peptidergic circuits in the amygdala remains unclear. This study specifies the impact profile of the classical antipsychotic drugs on mRNA expression of the spexin/NPQ, kisspeptin-1 and POMC in the rat amygdala. Animals were treated with haloperidol and chlorpromazine for 28 days prior to transcript quantification via qPCR. Haloperidol and chlorpromazine induced a change in the expression of all neuropeptides analyzed. Both drugs led to the decrease of Kiss-1 expression, whereas in POMC and spexin/NPQ their up-regulation in the amygdala was detected. These modulating effects on may represent alternative, so far unknown mechanisms, of classical antipsychotic drugs triggering pharmacological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Pałasz
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Marcelina Pałka
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Filipczyk
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Itiana Castro Menezes
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Ewa Rojczyk
- Department of Descriptive and Topographic Anatomy, School of Medicine with Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808, Zabrze, Poland
| | - John J Worthington
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Aneta Piwowarczyk-Nowak
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marek Krzystanek
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Ziolowa 45/47, 40-635, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ryszard Wiaderkiewicz
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
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15
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Deja MA, Wiaderkiewicz R, Czekaj P, Czech E, Malinowski M, Machej L, Węglarzy A, Kowalówka A, Piekarska M, Szurlej B, Latusek T. Remote Ischaemic PrEconditioning of Human Myocardium (RIPE): study protocol for a double-blinded randomised controlled trial. Kardiol Pol 2017; 76:136-143. [PMID: 28980297 DOI: 10.5603/kp.a2017.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remote preconditioning has been shown to be a potent protective phenomenon in many animals. Several studies aimed to demonstrate it was feasible in humans by trying to show its protective effect during cardiac surgery. Of these, some small studies and one larger trial were positive while two other bigger studies showed no effectiveness of remote preconditioning as assessed by levels of postoperatively released cardiac markers. Recently, two large clinical trials also failed to prove the benefit of remote preconditioning in cardiac surgery. No study showed that remote preconditioning actually increases resistance of human myocardium to standardised ischaemic and reperfusion stimulus in experimental settings. In animal studies, remote preconditioning was shown to improve mitochondrial function and structure, but such data on human myocardium are scarce. AIM The aim of the study is to determine whether remote preconditioning protects human myocardium against ischaemia-reperfusion injury in both in vivo and in vitro conditions. METHODS The trial is designed as a single-centre, double-blinded, sham-controlled trial of 120 patients. We randomise (1:1) patients referred for coronary artery bypass grafting for stable coronary artery disease to remote preconditioning or "sham" intervention. The remote preconditioning is obtained by three cycles of 5 min inflation and 5 min deflation of a blood pressure cuff on the right arm. Postoperative course including myocardial enzymes profile will be analysed. Moreover, in the in-vitro arm the clinically preconditioned myocardium will be assessed for function, mitochondria structure, and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. The informed consent of all patients is obtained before enrolment into the study by the investigator. The study conforms to the spirit and the letter of the declaration of Helsinki. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS In case the effect of remote preconditioning is not measurable in ex-vivo assessment, any future attempt at implementing this phenomenon in clinical practice may be futile and should not be continued until the effect can be confirmed in a controlled experimental setting. The study might therefore indicate future directions in trials of clinical implementation of remote preconditioning. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials Register (Clinicaltrials.gov) identifier: NCT01994707. The study was approved by Institutional Review Board of the Medical University of Silesia (KNW/0022/KB1/160/12).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek A Deja
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Upper-Silesian Heart Centre, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ryszard Wiaderkiewicz
- Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Piotr Czekaj
- Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Czech
- Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marcin Malinowski
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Upper-Silesian Heart Centre, Katowice, Poland
| | - Leszek Machej
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Department of Cardiac Anaesthesia, Upper-Silesian Heart Centre, Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Węglarzy
- Department of Cardiac Anaesthesia, Upper-Silesian Heart Centre, Katowice, Poland
| | - Adam Kowalówka
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Upper-Silesian Heart Centre, Katowice, Poland
| | - Magda Piekarska
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Upper-Silesian Heart Centre, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bartosz Szurlej
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Latusek
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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16
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Gabryel B, Kost A, Kasprowska D, Liber S, Machnik G, Wiaderkiewicz R, Łabuzek K. AMP-activated protein kinase is involved in induction of protective autophagy in astrocytes exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:928-931. [PMID: 28737298 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Suszka-Świtek A, Ryszka F, Dolińska B, Dec R, Danch A, Filipczyk Ł, Wiaderkiewicz R. Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of the GnRH Analogs in the Form of Solution and Zn 2+-Suspension After Single Subcutaneous Injection in Female Rats. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2017; 42:251-259. [PMID: 27180066 PMCID: PMC5340827 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-016-0342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although many synthetic gonadoliberin analogs have been developed, only a few of them, including buserelin, were introduced into clinical practice. Dalarelin, which differs from buserelin by just one aminoacid in the position 6 (D-Ala), is not widely used so far. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs are used to treat many different illnesses and are available in different forms like solution for injection, nasal spray, microspheres, etc. Unfortunately, none of the above drug formulations can release the hormones for 24 h. We assumed that classical suspension could solve this problem. METHODS Two sets of experiments were performed. In the first one, buserelin and dalarelin were injected into mature female rats in two forms: suspension, in which the analogs are bounded by Zn2+ ions and solution. The pharmacokinetic parameters and bioavailability of the analogs were calculated, based on their concentration in the plasma measured by high-performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC). In the second experiment, the hormones in two different forms were injected into superovulated immature female rats and then the concentration of Luteinizing hormone (LH), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and 17β-estradiol in the serum was measured by radioimmunological method. RESULTS The Extent of Biological Availability (EBA), calculated on the base of AUC0-∞, showed that in the form of solution buserelin and dalarelin display, respectively, only 13 and 8 % of biological availability of their suspension counterparts. Comparing both analogs, the EBA of dalarelin was half (53 %) that of buserelin delivered in the form of solution and 83 % when they were delivered in the form of suspension. The injection of buserelin or dalarelin, in the form of solution or suspension, into superovulated female rats increased LH, FSH and estradiol concentration in the serum. However, after injection of the analogs in the form of suspension, the high concentration of LH and FSH in the serum persisted longer. CONCLUSION Performed studies indicate that GnRH analogs in the form of suspension have higher bioavailability than their solution counterparts. It influences the effects of their action, especially in relation to LH and FSH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florian Ryszka
- "Biochefa" Pharmaceutical Research Production Plant, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Barbara Dolińska
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Renata Dec
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Alojzy Danch
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Filipczyk
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ryszard Wiaderkiewicz
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
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18
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Pałasz A, Suszka-Świtek A, Filipczyk Ł, Bogus K, Rojczyk E, Worthington J, Krzystanek M, Wiaderkiewicz R. Escitalopram affects spexin expression in the rat hypothalamus, hippocampus and striatum. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:1326-1331. [PMID: 27710862 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spexin (SPX) is a recently discovered neuropeptide that exhibits a large spectrum of central and peripheral regulatory activity, especially when considered as a potent anorexigenic factor. It has already been proven that antidepressants, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), can modulate peptidergic signaling in various brain structures. Despite these findings, there is so far no information regarding the influence of treatment with the SSRI antidepressant escitalopram on brain SPX expression. METHODS In this current study we measured SPX mRNA and protein expression in the selected brain structures (hypothalamus, hippocampus and striatum) of rats chronically treated with a 10mg/kg dose of escitalopram using quantitative Real-Time PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Strikingly, long-term (4 week) drug treatment led to the downregulation of SPX expression in the rat hypothalamus. This supports the hypothesis that SPX may be involved in the hypothalamic serotonin-dependent actions of SSRI antidepressants and possibly also in the central mechanism of body mass increase. Conversely, SPX expression increased in the hippocampus and striatum. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of the effects of a neuropsychiatric medication on SPX expression in animal brain. Our findings shed a new light on the pharmacology of antidepressants and may contribute to a better understanding of the alternative mechanisms responsible for antidepressant action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Pałasz
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, Katowice 40-752, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Suszka-Świtek
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Łukasz Filipczyk
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bogus
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Ewa Rojczyk
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - John Worthington
- Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Greater Manchester, M13 9PT, UK; Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Marek Krzystanek
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Ziolowa 45/47, Katowice 40-635, Poland
| | - Ryszard Wiaderkiewicz
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, Katowice 40-752, Poland
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Pałasz A, Rojczyk E, Suszka-Świtek A, Wiaderkiewicz R. Neuroleptics Affect Kisspeptin mRNA Expression in the Male Rat Hypothalamus and Hippocampus. Pharmacopsychiatry 2016; 50:32-37. [PMID: 27388714 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-109870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Kisspeptin has a multidirectional neuroendocrinal activity. It is especially considered to be a central regulator of reproductive function. Numerous data proved that neuroleptic administration may affect the peptidergic signaling in the various brain structures. However, there is no information concerning the relationship between treatment with neuroleptics and brain kisspeptin mRNA expression. Methods: We assessed the kisspeptin mRNA level in the hypothalamus and hippocampus of rats shortly and chronically (28 days) treated with haloperidol, chlorpromazine, and olanzapine using a quantitative Real-Time PCR method. Results: We have shown that all studied neuroleptics injected chronically have the ability to downregulate the kisspeptin mRNA expression in the hypothalamus, which may suggest the presence of an alternative mechanism for their orexigenic side effects. Long-term treatment with chlorpromazine increased the level of kisspeptin mRNA expression in the hippocampus. Discussion: Our results shed a new light on the pharmacology of antipsychotics and may contribute to a better understanding of alternative mechanisms responsible for their action. The study also highlights a complex nature of potential connections between dopamine transmission and brain kisspeptin pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Pałasz
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Rojczyk
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Suszka-Świtek
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ryszard Wiaderkiewicz
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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20
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Krzystanek M, Bogus K, Pałasz A, Wiaderkiewicz A, Filipczyk Ł, Rojczyk E, Worthington J, Wiaderkiewicz R. Extended neuroleptic administration modulates NMDA-R subunit immunoexpression in the rat neocortex and diencephalon. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:990-5. [PMID: 27391358 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the effect of extended olanzapine, clozapine and haloperidol administration on NMDA-R subunit immunoexpression in the rat neocortex and diencephalon. METHODS To explore NR1, NR2A and NR2B subunit protein expression, densytometric analysis of immunohistochemically stained brain slices was performed. RESULTS Interestingly, all neuroleptics caused a downregulation of NMDA-R subunit expression in the thalamus but increased the level of NR1 in the hypothalamus. Olanzapine upregulated hypothalamic NR2A expression, while clozapine and haloperidol decreased hypothalamic levels. We observed no significant changes in NR2B immunoreactivity. None of the studied medications had significant influence on NMDA-R subunit expression in the neocortex. CONCLUSIONS Neuroleptic-induced reduction in the expression of thalamic NMDA-R subunits may play an important role in the regulation of glutamatergic transmission disorders in cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loop in schizophrenia. A decrease in NMDA signaling in this region after long-term neuroleptic administration may also cautiously explain the incomplete effectiveness of these drugs in the therapy of schizophrenia-related cognitive disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Krzystanek
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Bogus
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia,, Katowice, Poland
| | - Artur Pałasz
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia,, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Wiaderkiewicz
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia,, Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Filipczyk
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia,, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Rojczyk
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia,, Katowice, Poland
| | - John Worthington
- Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Greater Manchester, UK; Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Ryszard Wiaderkiewicz
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia,, Katowice, Poland
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21
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Urbanek T, Skop B, Ziaja K, Wilczok T, Wiaderkiewicz R, Pałasz A, Mazurek U, Wielgus E. Sapheno-Femoral Junction Pathology: Molecular Mechanism of Saphenous Vein Incompetence. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2016; 10:311-21. [PMID: 15497017 DOI: 10.1177/107602960401000403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A molecular mechanism responsible for varicose vein occurrence was investigated. The role of potential cell cycle regulator p21 and programmed cell death in the pathology leading to the proximal long saphenous vein (LSV) incompetence was investigated. Proximal LSV specimens were obtained from 40 patients with primary varicose veins who had undergone crossectomy. The expression of the p21, p53, and fas encoding genes was investigated by the means of real-time RT-QPCR. Immunostaining for gene product presence, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and apoptotic cells (TUNEL assay) was carried out. The results were compared to the control healthy vein specimens and correlated with pathologic examination findings (of the valve and vein structure). A significant increase in p21, p53, and fas mRNA expression were reported in the proximal incompetent veins. The expression of p21 correlated with expression of p53 (r = 0.658; p<0.05) and negative correlation between media apoptotic index and p21 mRNA expression was found (r = -0.493; p<0.05). Decrease in the muscular component within the media and disturbances of the local structure in the incompetent LSVs were reported. Fas overexpression did not correlate with p53 expression level and did not correlate with apoptotic cell number in the respective vein layers. PCNA-positive cells were present more frequently in the media of the control veins, especially in young subjects. Apoptosis downregulation, cell cycle inhibition and smooth muscle cell hypertrophy are important factors influencing vein wall disturbances related to sapheno-femoral junction incompetence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Urbanek
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice/Poland.
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22
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Roman P, Budziński G, Suszka-Świtek A, Caban A, Oczkowicz G, Czech E, Ryszka F, Wiaderkiewicz R, Smorąg Z, Cierpka L. Caspase-3 Expression and ALT, AST, and GGT Activity After 24 Hours of Porcine Liver Cold Storage, Depending on the Type of Transgenesis. Transplant Proc 2016; 48:1829-32. [PMID: 27496501 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of an insufficient number of human organs for transplantation, xenotransplantation may become an effective alternative. We aimed to analyze if the type of transgenesis has an influence on the hepatic caspase-3 expression, the enzyme that executes apoptosis as well as ALT, AST, and GGT activity after 24 hours of cold storage. METHODS The experiment was carried out on the 24 livers of Polish White Landrace pigs carrying human α1,2-fucosyltransferase and/or α-galactosidase (GAL) genes and livers without this genetic modification (control). Livers were perfused, stored for 24 hours in solution, and subsequently re-flushed. Hepatic concentration of the caspase-3 protein and its mRNA expression were measured just after the animal was killed as well as after 30 minutes of perfusion and after 24 hours of cold storage followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion. Caspase-3 mRNA level was detected with the RT-PCR method. Protein concentration (capsase-3 active and inactive) was assessed with the Western blotting technique. Kinetic methods were applied for the analysis of the ALT, AST, and GGT activity. RESULTS The highest increase of the ALT activity after cold storage was observed in the group with GAL transgenesis, whereas the GGT activity was highest in the unmodified livers. There was no difference in the caspase-3 expression and AST activity after cold storage as compared with the respective initial results (P = .57 and P = .97, respectively). CONCLUSIONS It appears that transgenesis does not aggravate ischemic injury of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Roman
- Department of General, Vascular, and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - G Budziński
- Department of General, Vascular, and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - A Suszka-Świtek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - A Caban
- Department of General, Vascular, and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - G Oczkowicz
- Department of General, Vascular, and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - E Czech
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - F Ryszka
- "Biochefa" Pharmaceutical Research Production Plant, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - R Wiaderkiewicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Z Smorąg
- The National Research Institute of Animal Production in Kraków-Balice, Poland
| | - L Cierpka
- Department of General, Vascular, and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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23
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Roman P, Budziński G, Suszka-Świtek A, Caban A, Oczkowicz G, Wiaderkiewicz R, Ryszka F, Smorąg Z, Cierpka L. Concentration of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin-1β in Isolated Porcine Liver Depending on Type of Transgenesis. Transplant Proc 2016; 48:1840-2. [PMID: 27496504 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transgenic animals may serve as organ donors in human organ transplantation. However, the number of the studies addressing all doubts related to this issue is currently insufficient for the clinical application of this approach. The aim of this study was to analyze the hepatic tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) synthesis during a 24-hour cold preservation of the transgenic pig liver, depending on the type of transgenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was carried out on wild-type and transgenic pig livers with transferred human α1,2-fucosyltransferase (FUT) and/or α-galactosidase (GAL) gene (four groups; n = 6). Harvested livers were perfused for 30 minutes and stored for 24 hours in Biolasol (Biochefa) solution at 4°C with a subsequent 30-minute reperfusion (reflush). TNF-α and IL-1β concentrations were analyzed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Perfusates were collected during the initial perfusion as well as after 24 hours of preservation and during the reperfusion. Tissue samples were harvested just after animal sacrifice, and after organ perfusion and reperfusion. RESULTS A decrease in TNF-α concentration in homogenates was noted after both perfusion and reperfusion in all experimental groups. In contrast, there was a significant decrease in IL-1β concentration in the group with combined human FUT and GAL transgenes. Concurrently, increases in TNF-α and IL-1β concentrations were observed in the reperfusion perfusates in all groups. CONCLUSION This study shows that IL-1β is synthesized in the ischemic livers of the transgenic animals with both human α1,2-fucosyltransferase and α-galactosidase transgenes. Further analysis is required to determine the importance of this observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Roman
- Department of General, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - G Budziński
- Department of General, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - A Suszka-Świtek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - A Caban
- Department of General, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - G Oczkowicz
- Department of General, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - R Wiaderkiewicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - F Ryszka
- The National Research Institute of Animal Production in Kraków-Balice
| | - Z Smorąg
- Biochefa Pharmaceutical Research Production Plant, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - L Cierpka
- Department of General, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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24
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Baluka D, Urbanek T, Lekstan A, Swietochowska E, Wiaderkiewicz R, Kajor M, Jedrzejewska-Szypulka H, Kusnierz K, Lampe P. The role of the tissue plasminogen activator as a prognostic and differentiation factor in patients with pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis. J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 67:93-101. [PMID: 27010898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Unsatisfactory pancreatic cancer treatment outcomes have prompted multiple avenues of research focused on identifying not only biomarkers of pancreatic adenocarcinoma progression but also potential prognostic survival factors in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Study consisted of 75 patients who underwent pancreatic resections between 2006 and 2011: 35 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PC), 30 patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP), and a non-malignant control group (NMCG) of 10 patients who underwent surgery due to benign tumors. Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) concentrations in tissue homogenates and sera were evaluated. The mean t-PA concentration in PC tissue homogenates was 12.3 ± 2 (7.5, 15) ng/mg. Compared with the t-PA concentration in the PC group, lower concentrations of t-PA (3.3 ± 0.7 (2.2, 4.7) ng/mg and 5.9 ± 0.8 (4.6, 7.3) ng/mg (P < 0.01)) were observed in tissue homogenates of the CP and the NMCG patients, respectively. Although serum concentrations of t-PA did not differ between patient groups, in PC patients, the t-PA concentrations were higher in sera than in tissue homogenates. In contrast, the CP and NMCG patient groups had lower t-PA concentrations in sera compared with tissue homogenates. Increasing tissue homogenate t-PA concentrations were associated with blood vessels infiltration. Tissue homogenate and serum t-PA concentrations were not related to the survival rate of patients with PC. The t-PA concentration above 7.45 ng/ml in tissue homogenates was indicative of PC. We concluded that higher concentrations of t-PA were observed in pancreatic cancer tissue compared to chronic pancreatitis, suggesting its potential role in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer. In contrast, the lack of significant differences in the serum t-PA concentrations between treatment groups suggests that serum t-PA concentrations may not be suitable as a biomarker for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Baluka
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - T Urbanek
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - A Lekstan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - E Swietochowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze Rokitnica, Poland
| | - R Wiaderkiewicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - M Kajor
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - K Kusnierz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - P Lampe
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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25
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Pałasz A, Bandyszewska M, Rojczyk E, Wiaderkiewicz R. Effect of extended olanzapine administration on POMC and neuropeptide Y mRNA levels in the male rat amygdala and hippocampus. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 68:292-6. [PMID: 26922530 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropeptides play an important role in various neural pathways, being able to control a wide spectrum of physiological responses. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) functions are quite well studied, however little is known about their action at the level of limbic structures. The present work was focused on the expression of the aforementioned peptides in this brain structure of rats treated with olanzapine, a second generation neuroleptic drug. The detailed purpose of this experiment was the evaluation of potential relationships between chronic olanzapine administration and NPY and POMC mRNA expression in the amygdala and hippocampal formation. METHODS The studies were carried out on adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats that were divided into 2 groups: control and experimental animals treated with olanzapine (28 day-long intraperitoneal injection). All individuals were sacrificed under anaesthesia, then the amygdaloid complexes and hippocampi were excised. Total mRNA was isolated from homogenized samples of both structures and the RT-PCR method was used for estimation of NPY and POMC gene relative expression. RESULTS Prolonged olanzapine administration is reflected in qualitatively different changes in expression of NPY and POMC mRNA in the rat amygdala and hippocampus. Interestingly enough, olanzapine did not affect NPY expression, but significantly increased the POMC level in both examined regions. CONCLUSIONS Olanzapine can affect amygdalar and hippocampal neuronal populations by the modulation of neuropeptide activity. Importantly, it may suggest the existence of an alternative mode of its action. Undoubtedly this hypothetic regulatory mechanism requires further pharmacological and neurostructural study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Pałasz
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Bandyszewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Ewa Rojczyk
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ryszard Wiaderkiewicz
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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26
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Likus W, Siemianowicz K, Markowski J, Wiaderkiewicz J, Kostrząb-Zdebel A, Jura-Szołtys E, Dziubdziela W, Wiaderkiewicz R, Łos MJ. Bacterial Infections and Osteoclastogenesis Regulators in Men and Women with Cholesteatoma. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2015; 64:241-7. [PMID: 26584851 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-015-0373-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the most distinct features of middle ear cholesteatoma is bone destruction. Aetiology of cholesteatoma is thought to be multifactorial. Endotoxins produced by bacteria are thought to initiate the inflammation process in the middle ear leading to cholesteatoma. There are physiological differences in bone metabolism between men and women. The aim of our study was the immunohistochemical evaluation of the contents of two key components of the OPG/RANK/RANKL triad-RANKL and OPG in cholesteatoma, to analyse if there are any differences between the sexes and to evaluate the bacteria species isolated from cholesteatoma just before surgical treatment and to evaluate their plausible influence on the expression of OPG and RANKL in cholesteatoma. Twenty-one adult patients with acquired cholesteatoma who underwent surgery were analysed. There were no statistically significant differences in the expression of both regulators of osteoclastogenesis between the sexes. In 38.1 % patients cholesteatoma was not infected, whereas in 61.9 % patients various bacterial infections or mycosis were found. The most frequently isolated species was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14.29 % infections) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (9.52 % infections). There were no statistically significant differences in expression of both OPG and RANKL between uninfected and infected cholesteatomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wirginia Likus
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, 18 Medyków Str., Bldg. C-1, 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Siemianowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jarosław Markowski
- ENT Department, School of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jan Wiaderkiewicz
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anna Kostrząb-Zdebel
- Department of Pathomorphology, School of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Edyta Jura-Szołtys
- Clinical Department of Internal Diseases, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Ryszard Wiaderkiewicz
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marek J Łos
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Cell Biology Integrative Regenerative Medicine Center (IGEN), Linköping University, Cell Biology Building, Level 10, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden. .,Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
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27
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Cierpka L, Ryszka F, Dolińska B, Smorąg Z, Słomski R, Wiaderkiewicz R, Caban A, Budziński G, Oczkowicz G, Wieczorek J. Biolasol: novel perfusion and preservation solution for kidneys. Transplant Proc 2015; 46:2539-41. [PMID: 25380859 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biolasol solution (Pharmaceutical Research and Production Plant "Biochefa," Sosnowiec, Poland) is a novel extracellular perfusion and ex vivo hypothermic kidney preservation solution. It ensures maintenance of homeostasis, reduces tissue edema, has low viscosity, and allows the graft to preserve structural and functional integrity. It minimizes ischemia-reperfusion damage. METHODS Perfundates from control and transplanted kidneys flushed with Biolasol or ViaSpan solutions (Arkas, Warszawa, Poland) were analyzed. Parameters of serum and urine collected from 12 pigs after auto-transplantation were also analyzed. Renal medulla was investigated for structural alterations by analyzing hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides. The mean survival time of pigs after the auto-transplantation procedure was the measure for the novel Biolasol solution effectiveness. RESULTS We observed a statistically significant decrease in marker enzyme levels alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, and ions (Na and K) in pigs with grafts flushed with Biolasol. Histopathologic examination revealed that the renal cortex structure was not damaged after the use of Biolasol solution. CONCLUSION Biolasol solution protects kidneys against ischemia damage and does not differ significantly from the "golden standard" ViaSpan solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cierpka
- Department of General Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice
| | - F Ryszka
- Pharmaceutical Research and Production Plant Biochefa, Sosnowiec.
| | - B Dolińska
- Pharmaceutical Research and Production Plant Biochefa, Sosnowiec; Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice
| | - Z Smorąg
- National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice
| | - R Słomski
- Institute of Human Genetics PAN, Poznań
| | - R Wiaderkiewicz
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - A Caban
- Department of General Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice
| | - G Budziński
- Department of General Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice
| | - G Oczkowicz
- Department of General Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice
| | - J Wieczorek
- National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice
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28
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Caban A, Oczkowicz G, Budziński G, Suszka-Świtek A, Dolińska B, Ostróżka-Cieślik A, Wieczorek J, Ryszka F, Wiaderkiewicz R, Cierpka L. Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in pigs' kidneys early after autotransplantation procedure. Transplant Proc 2015; 46:2545-7. [PMID: 25380861 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this paper was to evaluate mRNA expression of Toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2) and 4 (TLR4) and the adaptor protein myeloid differentiation primary-response protein 88 (MyD88) in pigs' kidneys 14 and 30 days after autotransplantation. METHODS The research was conducted on 12 animals that underwent left renal transplantation procedure with further standardized rinsing with Biolasol solution and 24 hours' storage in 4°C; subsequently the kidneys were implanted in the right retroperitoneal space after right-side nephrectomy. Six randomly chosen animals (group I) were under observation for 14 days, the other 6 (group II) for 30 days. After these observation periods, the animals were killed and 4-g samples were collected from the renal cortex and medulla. RESULTS Expression of mRNA in homogenates of collected samples were determined with the use of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. Obtained results in both groups, presented in relation to GAPDH, were compared with the use of Mann-Whitney U test. Stable graft function was observed in all animals from the 2nd day after the procedure. TLR2 in group I reached the mean value of 3.64 and was statistically significantly higher than in group II (2.19). Inverse proportion was observed in case of mRNA for TLR4: group II presented 2 times higher value than group I (0.25 vs 0.11). Similarly, significant difference was observed in MyD88 (group I, 0.067; group II, 0.45). CONCLUSIONS At 14 days after autotransplantation of a pig kidney, mRNA expression for TLR2 is dominant; later, expression increases for TLR4 and MyD88.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Caban
- Department of General, Vascular, and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - G Oczkowicz
- Department of General, Vascular, and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - G Budziński
- Department of General, Vascular, and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - A Suszka-Świtek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - B Dolińska
- Department of Applied Pharmacy and Drug Technology, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | | | - J Wieczorek
- National Research Institute of Animal Production, Kraków-Balice, Poland
| | - F Ryszka
- "Biochefa" Pharmaceutical Research Production Plant, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - R Wiaderkiewicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - L Cierpka
- Department of General, Vascular, and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Rojczyk E, Pałasz A, Wiaderkiewicz R. Effect of short and long-term treatment with antipsychotics on orexigenic/anorexigenic neuropeptides expression in the rat hypothalamus. Neuropeptides 2015; 51:31-42. [PMID: 25888224 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Among numerous side effects of antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics), one of the leading problems is a significant weight gain caused by disturbances in energy homeostasis. The hypothalamus is considered an important target for neuroleptics and contains some neuronal circuits responsible for food intake regulation, so we decided to study which hypothalamic signaling pathways connected with energy balance control are modified by antipsychotic drugs of different generations. We created an expression profile of different neuropeptides after single-dose and chronic neuroleptic administration. Experiments were carried out on adult male Sprague-Dawley rats injected intraperitoneally for 1 day or for 28 days by three neuroleptics: olanzapine, chlorpromazine and haloperidol. Hypothalami were isolated in order to perform PCR reactions and also whole brains were sliced for immunohistochemical analysis. We assessed the expression of orexigenic/anorexigenic neuropeptides and their receptors--neuropeptide Y (NPY), NPY receptor type 1 (Y1R), preproorexin (PPOX), orexin A, orexin receptor type 1 (OX1R) and 2 (OX2R), nucleobindin 2 (NUCB2), nesfatin-1, proopiomelanocortin (POMC), alpha-melanotropin (α-MSH) and melanocortin receptor type 4 (MC4R)--both on the mRNA and protein levels. We have shown that antipsychotics of different generations administered chronically have the ability to upregulate PPOX, orexin A and Y1R expression with little or no effect on orexigenic receptors (OX1R, OX2R) and NPY. Interestingly, antipsychotics also increased the level of some anorexigenic factors (POMC, α-MSH and MC4R), but at the same time strongly downregulated NUCB2 and nesfatin-1 signaling--a newly discovered neuropeptide known as a food-intake inhibiting factor. Our results may contribute to a better understanding of mechanisms responsible for antipsychotics' side effects. They also underline the complex nature of interactions between classical monoamine receptors and hypothalamic peptidergic pathways, which has potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Rojczyk
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 18 Medyków Street, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Artur Pałasz
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 18 Medyków Street, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Ryszard Wiaderkiewicz
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 18 Medyków Street, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
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Rojczyk E, Pałasz A, Wiaderkiewicz R. Effects of neuroleptics administration on adult neurogenesis in the rat hypothalamus. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:1208-14. [PMID: 26481544 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among many factors influencing adult neurogenesis, pharmacological modulation has been broadly studied. It is proven that neuroleptics positively affect new neuron formation in canonical neurogenic sites - subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus and subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles. Latest findings suggest that adult neurogenesis also occurs in several additional regions like the hypothalamus, amygdala, neocortex and striatum. As the hypothalamus is considered an important target of neuroleptics, a hypothesis can be made that these substances are able to modulate local neural proliferation. METHODS Experiments were performed on adult male rats injected for 28 days or 1 day by three neuroleptics: olanzapine, chlorpromazine and haloperidol. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine expression of proliferation marker (Ki-67) and the marker of neuroblasts - doublecortin (DCX) - which may inform about drug influence on adult neurogenesis at the level of the hypothalamus. RESULTS It was shown that a single injection of antipsychotics causes significant decrease in hypothalamic DCX expression, but after chronic treatment with chlorpromazine, but not olanzapine, there is an increase in the number of newly formed neuroblasts. Haloperidol has the opposite effect - its long-term administration decreases the number of DCX-positive cells. Cell proliferation levels (Ki-67 expression) increase after long-term drug administration, whereas their single doses do not have any modulatory effect on proliferation potential. CONCLUSIONS Our results throw a new light on the neuroleptics mechanism of action. They also support the potential role of antipsychotics as a factor that can modulate hypothalamic neurogenesis with putative clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Rojczyk
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Artur Pałasz
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ryszard Wiaderkiewicz
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Oczkowicz G, Caban A, Budziński G, Suszka-Świtek A, Dolińska B, Czech E, Wiaderkiewicz R, Ryszka F, Cierpka L. Comparison of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and endothelin-1 levels in kidneys removed from living pigs after cardiac arrest and brain death. Transplant Proc 2014; 46:2542-4. [PMID: 25380860 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this paper was to describe differences between levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS-3) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in swine kidneys removed from living donors (group I) and after inducing brain death by brain herniation (group II) and cardiac arrest (group III). METHODS Each group consisted of 3 animals who underwent dual renal removal procedure; kidneys were further rinsed according to standardized procedure with Biolasol perfusion liquid, stored for 24 hours (4°C), and rinsed again. Renal specimens of 4 g mass, including renal cortex and medulla, were collected before and after perfusion (times 0 and 1), after 12 hours (time 2), and after reperfusion (time 3). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to describe levels of NOS-3 and ET-1 in collected tissues homogenates. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare results in groups in relation to total protein content (ng/mg), and the correlation between the 2 substances was measured with the use of Spearman rho. RESULTS Group I presented low and stable levels of NOS-3 in all time intervals (averages, 0.73, 0.99, 0.52, and 0.89, respectively). Level sof ET-1 were similar (0.87, 0.63, 0.69, and 0.86, respectively), and significant correlation between levels of the 2 substances was observed. Increased levels of NOS-3 (1.89 and 1.86) and ET-1 (1.38 and 1.49) were observed directly after removal in groups II and III and further maintained during organ storage. No correlation in group I was observed, and after perfusion significantly lower level of NOS-3 was observed in kidneys removed after brain death in relation to group III (1.77 vs 2.60). CONCLUSIONS The lowest and stable levels of NOS-3 and ET1 during storage were observed in kidneys removed from living donors. Levels of analyzed substances in this group showed correlation in subsequent time intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Oczkowicz
- Department of General, Vascular, and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - A Caban
- Department of General, Vascular, and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - G Budziński
- Department of General, Vascular, and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - A Suszka-Świtek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - B Dolińska
- Department of Applied Pharmacy and Drug Technology, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - E Czech
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - R Wiaderkiewicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - F Ryszka
- "Biochefa" Pharmaceutical Research Production Plant, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - L Cierpka
- Department of General, Vascular, and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Barczyk A, Pierzchala W, Caramori G, Wiaderkiewicz R, Kaminski M, Barnes PJ, Adcock IM. Decreased percentage of CD4(+)Foxp3(+)TGF-β(+) and increased percentage of CD4(+)IL-17(+) cells in bronchoalveolar lavage of asthmatics. J Inflamm (Lond) 2014; 11:22. [PMID: 25132806 PMCID: PMC4133956 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-11-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways with the proven role of Th2 cells in its pathogenesis. The role and characteristic of different subsets of CD4+ cells is much less known. Aim The aim of the study was to analyze the incidence of different subsets of CD4+ T cells, in particular different subsets of CD4+ cells with the co-expression of different cytokines. Methods Twenty five stable asthmatic and twelve age-matched control subjects were recruited to the study. Bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were performed in all study subjects. CD4+ T cells were isolated from BAL fluid by positive magnetic selection. After stimulation simultaneous expression of TGF-β, FoxP3, CD25, IFN-γ, IL-4, TNF-α (set 1); IL-10, FoxP3, CD25, IFN-γ, IL-4, MIP-1β (set 2); IL-17A, IL-8, IFN-γ, IL-4, MIP-1β (set 3) were measured by flow cytometry. Results The percentage of CD4+ cells co-expressing Foxp3 and TGF-β (CD4+Foxp3+TGF-β+ cells) was significantly lower (P = 0.03), whereas the percentage of CD4+IL-17+ cells (P = 0.008), CD4+IL-17+ IFN-γ+ cells (P = 0.047) and CD4+IL-4+ cells (P = 0.01) were significantly increased in asthmatics compared with that seen in healthy subjects. A significantly higher percentage of CD4+Foxp3+ cells from asthma patients expressed IFN-γ (P = 0.01), IL-4 (P = 0.004) and CD25 (P = 0.04), whereas the percentage of CD4+IL-10+ cells expressing Foxp3 was significantly decreased in asthmatics (P = 0.03). FEV1% predicted correlated negatively with the percentage of CD4+IL-17+ cells (r = -0.33; P = 0.046) and positively with CD4+Foxp3+TGF-β+ cells (r = 0.43; P = 0.01). Conclusions Our results suggest that in the airways of chronic asthma patients there is an imbalance between increased numbers of CD4+IL-17+ cells and Th2 cells and decreased number of CD4+Foxp3+TGF-β+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Barczyk
- Katedra i Klinika Pneumonologii, Slaski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach, Katowice, Poland
| | - Wladyslaw Pierzchala
- Katedra i Klinika Pneumonologii, Slaski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach, Katowice, Poland
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Malattie Infiammatorie delle Vie Aeree e Patologie Fumo-correlate (CEMICEF; formerly Centro di Ricerca su Asma e BPCO), Sezione di Malattie dell'Apparato Respiratorio, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ryszard Wiaderkiewicz
- Katedra i Zaklad Histologii i Embriologii, Slaski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marcin Kaminski
- Katedra i Zaklad Histologii i Embriologii, Slaski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach, Katowice, Poland
| | - Peter J Barnes
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK
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Gabryel B, Kost A, Kasprowska D, Liber S, Machnik G, Wiaderkiewicz R, Łabuzek K. AMP-activated protein kinase is involved in induction of protective autophagy in astrocytes exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation. Cell Biol Int 2014; 38:1086-97. [PMID: 24798185 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) acts as the intracellular ATP depletion sensor, which detects and limits increases in the AMP/ATP ratio. AMPK may be significantly activated under stress conditions that deplete cellular ATP levels such as ischemia/hypoxia or glucose deprivation. Recent studies strongly suggest that AMPK participates in autophagy regulation, but it is not known whether AMPK activated by ischemia regulates autophagy in astrocytes and the consequence of autophagy activation in ischemic astrocytes are unclear. We have investigated the contribution of AMPK to autophagy activation in rat primary astrocyte cultures subjected to ischemia-simulating conditions (combined oxygen glucose deprivation, OGD) and its potential effects on astrocyte damage induced by OGD (1-12 h). The evidence supports the conclusion that AMPK activation at early stages of OGD is involved in induction of protective autophagy in astrocytes. Inhibition of AMPK, either by siAMPKα1 or by compound C, significantly attenuated the expression of autophagy-related proteins and decrease of astrocyte viability following OGD. The findings provide additional data about the role of AMPK in ischemic astrocytes and downstream responses that may be involved in OGD-induced protective autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bożena Gabryel
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, PL 40-752 Katowice, Poland
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Rojczyk-Gołębiewska E, Pałasz A, Worthington JJ, Markowski G, Wiaderkiewicz R. Neurolight -astonishing advances in brain imaging. Int J Neurosci 2014; 125:91-9. [PMID: 24730999 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2014.914511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, significant advances in basic neuroanatomical studies have taken place. Moreover, such classical, clinically-oriented human brain imaging methods such as MRI, PET and DTI have been applied to small laboratory animals allowing improvement in current experimental neuroscience. Contemporary structural neurobiology also uses various technologies based on fluorescent proteins. One of these is optogenetics, which integrates physics, genetics and bioengineering to enable temporal precise control of electrical activity of specific neurons. Another important challenge in the field is the accurate imaging of complicated neural networks. To address this problem, three-dimensional reconstruction techniques and retrograde labeling with modified viruses has been developed. However, a revolutionary step was the invention of the "Brainbow" system, utilizing gene constructs including the sequences of fluorescent proteins and the usage of Cre recombinase to create dozens of colour combinations, enabling visualization of neurons and their connections in extremely high resolution. Furthermore, the newly- introduced CLARITY method should make it possible to visualize three-dimensionally the structure of translucent brain tissue using the hydrogel polymeric network. This original technique is a big advance in neuroscience creating novel viewpoints completely different than standard glass slide immunostaining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Rojczyk-Gołębiewska
- 1Department of Histology, Medical University of Silesia , 18 Medyków Street, Katowice , Poland
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Suszka-Świtek A, Czekaj P, Pająk J, Skowronek R, Wrona-Bogus K, Plewka D, Kozłowska-Rup D, Wiaderkiewicz R, Jankowski A. Morphological and enzymatic changes caused by a long-term treatment of female rats with a low dose of gonadoliberin agonist and antagonist. Med Sci Monit 2012; 18:BR315-330. [PMID: 22847193 PMCID: PMC3560692 DOI: 10.12659/msm.883264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long-term treatment with gonadoliberin analogs is used to block the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The use of these agents is generally considered to be safe; however, some observations suggest the possibility of adverse effects. Material/Methods We investigated whether a 3-months administration of a low dose (6 μg/kg b.w.) of dalarelin – a new agonist, and cetrorelix – a known antagonist of GnRH to female rats causes morphological changes in pituitary gland, ovaries, uterus and liver (HE and VG staining); effects on pituitary, hepatic and blood enzyme activities (histochemical and kinetic methods, respectively), and on the blood lipid profile (colorimetric methods); and to what extent these changes are reversible. Results Applying analogs effectively inhibited ovulation, affected the uterine endometrium and changed histological appearance of the liver (e.g., steatosis). They altered activities of marker enzymes of cellular respiration, gluconeogenesis and intracellular digestion in the liver and, partially in the pituitary gland, caused undesirable changes in the activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase, and a concentration of cholesterol HDL fraction and triglycerides in the blood. Both morphological and enzymatic effects were more evident after antagonist administration; changes in the blood lipid profile were more evident after agonist administration. In both analogs histological and enzymatic changes persisted a relatively long time after the discontinuation of the treatment. Conclusions The low dose of dalarelin and cetrorelix is sufficient to cause limited damage of hepatic cells and may modify the function of pituitary, ovaries, uterus and liver as well as other organs, even after discontinuation of the treatment.
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Pałasz A, Krzystanek M, Worthington J, Czajkowska B, Kostro K, Wiaderkiewicz R, Bajor G. Nesfatin-1, a unique regulatory neuropeptide of the brain. Neuropeptides 2012; 46:105-12. [PMID: 22225987 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1, a newly discovered NUCB2-derived satiety neuropeptide is expressed in several neurons of forebrain, hindbrain, brainstem and spinal cord. This novel anorexigenic substance seems to play an important role in hypothalamic pathways regulating food intake and energy homeostasis. Nesfatin-1 immunoreactive cells are detectable in arcuate (ARC), paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nuclei (SON), where the peptide is colocalized with POMC/CART, NPY, oxytocin and vasopressin. The nesfatin-1 molecule interacts with a G-protein coupled receptor and its cytophysiological effect depends on inhibitory hyperpolarization of NPY/AgRP neurons in ARC and melanocortin signaling in PVN. Administration of nesfatin-1 significantly inhibits consumatory behavior and decreases weight gain in experimental animals. These recent findings suggest the evidence for nesfatin-1 involvement in other important brain functions such as reproduction, sleep, cognition and anxiety- or stress-related responses. The neuroprotective and antiapoptotic properties of nesfatin-1 were also reported. From the clinical viewpoint it should be noteworthy, that the serum concentration of nesfatin-1 may be a sensitive marker of epileptic seizures. However, the details of nesfatin-1 physiology ought to be clarified, and it may be considered suitable in the future, as a potential drug in the pharmacotherapy of obesity, especially in patients treated with antipsychotics and antidepressants. On the other hand, some putative nesfatin-1 antagonists may improve eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Pałasz
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków Street 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
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Krzystanek M, Pałasz A, Krzystanek E, Krupka-Matuszczyk I, Wiaderkiewicz R, Skowronek R. [S-adenosyl L-methionine in CNS diseases]. Psychiatr Pol 2011; 45:923-931. [PMID: 22335134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
S-adenosyl L-methionine (SAMe) is the natural, universal methyl group donor, participating in transmethylation reactions, known and commonly used as a dietary supplement since 1952. It plays an important role in the synthesis of neuromediators and melatonin and mechanisms of epigenetic regulation. The aim of this article is to review the literature about possibilities of SAMe application in the therapy of CNS diseases: depression, dementia syndromes, schizophrenia and somatic disorders. SAMe is the promising dietary supplement, which may be successfully used as a substance increasing effectiveness of the treatment of depression, with antidepressants in monotherapy in mild depressive states or depressive symptoms. SAMe addition to antipsychotic drug, may lead to the improvement of the quality of life and reduction of aggressiveness of patients. SAMe may be an effective substance in the therapy and prophylaxis of mild cognitive impairments and mild dementia syndrome. SAMe possesses some hepatoprotective action, so it may decrease the risk of the development of neoplasm, alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD) and cirrhosis. SAMe improves the functions of joints and decreases the experience of pain in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Krzystanek
- Katedra i Klinika Psychiatrii i Psychoterapii, Slaski UM w Katowicach
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Kost A, Kasprowska D, Labuzek K, Wiaderkiewicz R, Gabryel B. [Autophagy in brain ischemia]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 65:524-33. [PMID: 21918255 DOI: 10.5604/17322693.955650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular process of macromolecule and organelle degradation, which plays an important role both in maintaining homeostasis and in responding to various harmful stimuli. Recent studies clearly indicate upregulation of autophagy in neurons challenged with brain ischemia. In this paper we present biosynthesis of autophagosomes as well as the role and molecular mechanisms of basal and induced neuronal autophagy. We have also reviewed recently published papers concerning the potential role of autophagy in brain ischemia. Results of both in vivo and in vitro experimental studies indicate that signaling pathways related to autophagy might become a target of new neuroprotective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Kost
- Zakład Histologii Katedry Morfologii, Wydział Lekarski w Katowicach, Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny
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Pałasz A, Wiaderkiewicz A, Wiaderkiewicz R, Czekaj P, Czajkowska B, Lebda-Wyborny T, Piwowarczyk A, Bryzek A. Age-related changes in the mRNA levels of CYP1A1, CYP2B1/2 and CYP3A1 isoforms in rat small intestine. Genes Nutr 2011; 7:197-207. [PMID: 21769602 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-011-0240-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It has been established beyond doubt that, as well as the liver, the small intestine is an important site of first-pass metabolism of numerous drugs, food components and toxic xenobiotics. However, there is not much information available about age-dependent changes of intestinal biotransformation pathways. In the present paper, we evaluated the relationships between intestinal cytochrome P450 complex activity and the age of animals. The study was carried out on male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 5) from 5 age series: 0.5-, 2-, 4-, 20-, and 28 months old. Animals at every age series were divided into 4 groups: control and three groups of rats treated with the CYP450 specific inducers: phenobarbital, β-naphtoflavone and dexamethasone, respectively. RNA was isolated from intestinal mucosa, and then standard RT-PCR was used for the analysis of CYP1A1, CYP2B1/2 and CYP3A1 mRNA expression. Additionally, the activities of NADPH-cytochrome P450 and NADH-cytochrome b(5) reductases in the microsomal fraction were biochemically estimated. The constitutive intestinal CYP1A1 mRNA expression changes during maturation and aging. Inducibility of CYP1A1 gene was evident in intestinal mucosa at 2-, 4- and 20-month-old rats. A similar pattern of changes was observed for CYP2B1/2 isoforms. CYP3A1 mRNA expression was not detected in small intestine of 2-week-old rats. In matured rats, constitutive intestinal CYP3A1 expression was low, although after induction, significant increases in CYP3A1 mRNA amount were noted in aged individuals. Intestinal activity of both analyzed reductases was lowest in immature rats and highest in 28-month-old animals. In conclusion, the activity of cytochrome P450 complex in rat small intestine was not decreased by the aging processes, so the high rate of oxidative metabolic reactions in intestinal mucosa can be maintained till the advanced life stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Pałasz
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland,
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Semik-Orzech A, Barczyk A, Wiaderkiewicz R, Pierzchała W. Eotaxin, but not IL-8, is increased in upper and lower airways of allergic rhinitis subjects after nasal allergen challenge. Allergy Asthma Proc 2011; 32:230-8. [PMID: 21703102 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2011.32.3435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a single nasal allergen challenge (NAC) on levels of eotaxin and IL-8 and the inflammatory cells in upper and lower airways of allergic rhinitis (AR) patients. Twenty-four AR patients and 12 control subjects entered a sequential nasal placebo challenge and NAC study, out of the pollen season. Nasal lavage fluid (NLF) was obtained at baseline, 15 minutes, and 1, 5, and 24 hours postchallenge. Before and 24 hours after placebo/allergen challenge induced sputum was performed. NLF and induced sputum were evaluated for total cell count (TCC) and differential cell count and analyzed for concentrations of eotaxin and IL-8 using ELISA method. NAC in AR subjects was associated with significantly increased sputum (p = 0.008) and NLF (p < 0.001) eotaxin levels. Post-NAC IL-8 levels were significantly increased in NLF (p < 00001) but not in sputum (p = 0.080) of AR subjects. Increased eotaxin levels in NLF positively correlated with the increased TCC and eosinophils. Positive correlations were also found between NLF increased eotaxin level and sputum TCC, eosinophils, and macrophages. NAC is associated with the increased levels of eotaxin in lower airways of AR subjects. Allergen-induced secretion of eotaxin in nasal mucosa of AR subjects is involved in determining the cellular character of both upper and lower airway inflammation.
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Semik-Orzech A, Barczyk A, Wiaderkiewicz R, Pierzchala W. Interleukin 17 and RANTES levels in induced sputum of patients with allergic rhinitis after a single nasal allergen challenge. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2009; 103:418-24. [PMID: 19927541 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)60362-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin 17 (IL-17) is produced by T(H)17 cells and was recently implicated in the development of the T(H)2 cell response. RANTES (regulated on activation of normal T cells expressed and secreted), among other chemokines, plays a crucial role in chemotaxis of eosinophils into airway mucosa. According to the "united airway" hypothesis, markers of inflammation in allergic diseases are elevated in the upper and lower airways. OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of a single nasal allergen challenge on IL-17 and RANTES levels in induced sputum of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). METHODS Eighteen patients with a history of AR due to grass pollen confirmed by positive skin prick test results and 10 control subjects entered the study. Initially, all the patients underwent sputum induction. A single nasal placebo challenge was performed 24 hours later, with repeated sputum induction 24 hours after challenge. After 4 weeks of washout, these procedures were repeated with allergen challenge. Differential cell counts in sputum were determined, and concentrations of IL-17 and RANTES were measured by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Levels of IL-17 and RANTES significantly increased in sputum of patients with AR after allergen (but not placebo) challenge (P = .03 and P = .007, respectively). Postallergen levels of both cytokines in sputum were positively correlated (r = 0.570, P = .02). Allergen challenge led to increased total inflammatory cell (P = .005) and eosinophil (P = .03) counts in induced sputum of patients with AR. CONCLUSIONS Nasal allergen challenge induces the enhanced secretion of IL-17 and RANTES in the lower airways of nonasthmatic patients with AR.
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Wiaderkiewicz R, Czekaj P, Bogus K, Wiaderkiewicz A, Komarska H, Walczuk B, Karpowicz J, Gryz K, Miranowicz K. Differentiation potential of liver mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from rats exposed to EMF and/or triclosan. Toxicol Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.05.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Tarnowski M, Koryciak-Komarska H, Czekaj P, Sebesta R, Czekaj TM, Urbanek K, Likus W, Malinowska-Kolodziej I, Plewka D, Nowaczyk-Dura G, Wiaderkiewicz R, Sieron AL. The comparison of multipotential for differentiation of progenitor mesenchymal-like stem cells obtained from livers of young and old rats. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2007; 45:245-254. [PMID: 17951175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of stem cells differentiating to hepatocytes and cholangiocytes has been previously reported in livers of young rats. Here, we have isolated, cultured, and characterized mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from livers of young and old rats and tested their multipotential for differentiation. The mesenchymal stem cells in liver sections were identified by the presence of markers, respectively for primary stem cells Thy-1 and CD34, for differentiation to early cholangiocytes GST and CK19, and for differentiation to hepatocytes GSTalpha and CK18. Ki67 was detected as the cell proliferation marker. Cells isolated from livers of either age group were tested in a culture for their viability following storage and were characterized for the presence of most of the markers detected in cells in situ. The results revealed age-dependent changes in the number of recovered primary MSCs. In both age groups we have observed cells changing under differentiating conditions to liver cell lineages, such as cholangiocytes and hepatocytes, as well as to non-liver cells such as adipocytes, astrocytes, neuroblasts, and osteoblasts. Our data revealed that from the livers of rats 20 months and older the primary MSCs could be isolated and expanded; however, they were significantly fewer, even though their differentiation multipotential was preserved. The mechanism involved in the differentiation of liver MSCs seemed to depend on a constellation of signals in Notch signalling pathways. Thus, our results support the idea of potential use of liver as a source of MSCs, not only for liver reconstruction but also for cell therapy in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Tarnowski
- Department of General and Molecular Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Wiaderkiewicz R, Czekaj P, Wiaderkiewicz A, Karpowicz J, Gryz K, Miranowicz K. Cytochrome P450 expression in regenerating liver of rats exposed to electromagnetic fields. Toxicol Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.07.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Urbanek T, Skop B, Wiaderkiewicz R, Wilczok T, Ziaja K, Lebda-Wyborny T, Pawlicki K. Smooth Muscle Cell Apoptosis in Primary Varicose Veins. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2004; 28:600-11. [PMID: 15531194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2004.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2004] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES One of the important factors responsible for vessel wall remodelling is programmed cell death. In the paper the role of smooth muscle cell (SMC) apoptosis in primary varicose veins (PVV) is investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Vein specimens were obtained from 40 patients with PVV. In each case proximal and distal (upper crural) great saphenous veins (GSV) were harvested. Morphometric computer assessed quantitative evaluation of SMCs, collagen and elastin content was carried out. Apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL assay. The levels of p53, BAX, BCLl-2 and p21 mRNA expression were assessed by real time RT-QPCR and the presence of respective proteins in the vessel wall was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In the proximal GSV segments a significant increase of p53, p21 and BCL-2 mRNA levels was found in PVV patients. In the distal segments BAX and BCL-2 expression levels were higher. Taking into account the patient age, elevated p53 mRNA expression level was noticed in the distal incompetent GSVs of young PVV patients. In this group a statistically significant increase in the apoptotic index (APIx) within the vein media was found which correlated positively with p53 mRNA expression level. There was no increase of the apoptotic activity in elderly patients that led to the structural changes increase. In proximal GSV segments, despite SMC amount reduction or presence of structural changes in perivalvular wall region, no increase of the APIx with was noticed. CONCLUSIONS P53-related apoptosis is one of the regulatory mechanisms of vein wall homeostasis maintenance. During varicose vein development its activation is related to the early stages of the disease. In the further course, the down-regulation of the SMC apoptosis within the vein media leads to the structural changes increase. The reduction of the SMC population corresponding to an increase of p21 expression in proximal saphenous vein segments suggests that the cell cycle disturbances may lead to the 'weakness' of the proximal GSV wall. Valve injury is not the only factor leading to the varicose veins occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Urbanek
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Ziołowa 45/47, Katowice 40-635, Poland.
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Czekaj P, Wiaderkiewicz A, Florek E, Wiaderkiewicz R. Tobacco smoke-dependent changes in cytochrome P450 1A1, 1A2, and 2E1 protein expressions in fetuses, newborns, pregnant rats, and human placenta. Arch Toxicol 2004; 79:13-24. [PMID: 15448981 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-004-0607-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2004] [Accepted: 08/10/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoke (TS) was described as a mixture of numerous cytochrome P450 (P450) substrates, inducers, and inhibitors. These inducers and inhibitors may modify drug clearance and xenobiotic or endogenous metabolism affecting P450s expression. In the present study, the effect of gestation and TS on: (1) cytochrome P450 CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP2E1 protein expressions, and (2) cytochrome P450-linked microsomal enzyme activities, were studied in fetal rat liver, rat, and human placenta and in newborn and adult rat hepatic and extrahepatic tissues. Non-pregnant and pregnant 4-month-old female Wistar rats were exposed to TS (500, 1,000, or 1,500 mg carbon monoxide per m(3) air) in a toxicological chamber for 3 weeks (6 h daily, 5 days weekly). Human placentas were sampled from non-smoking, passive smoking, or active smoking primiparas. The efficacy of exposure was assessed by measuring urine cotinine levels. The TS-dependent inductory effect on the expression of CYP1A1 and 1A2 and related monooxygenase activities, and the inhibitory/inductory effect on CYP2E1 expression in rat tissues were observed. Pregnancy was associated with decreased levels of constitutive CYP1A1 and 2E1 in hepatic and extrahepatic tissues, TS-inducible CYP1A2 expression in the liver, and CYP1A1 expression in lungs and heart, but had no inhibitory effect on TS-inducible CYP1A1 and 2E1 expression, EROD, and P450-cooperated enzyme activities in the liver, kidney, and, in the latter case, in the heart. The presence of TS-induced CYP1A1 protein was confirmed in rat and human placenta and showed in newborn liver and lungs. CYP1A2 and 2E1 proteins were detectable in fetal rat liver. It was concluded that the expression of CYP1A1, 1A2, and 2E1, which metabolize some drugs and activate carcinogens, is controlled by age-, pregnancy-, and tissue-specific regulatory mechanisms in rats. Gestational differences in the regulation of expression of CYP1A subfamily members are not excluded. CYP1A1 and 2E1, but not CYP1A2 inductory mechanisms seem to be functional in fetal liver at day 21 of pregnancy but they appeared to be uninducible under a TS exposure. In TS-exposed pregnant females and fetuses the effects of metabolic activation of CYP1A1 and 1A2 substrates might be reduced because of lower CYP expressions or poor induction, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Czekaj
- II Department of Histology & Embryology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
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Kamiński M, Wiaderkiewicz R. [Do liver cells predict the risk of damage by chemical substances?]. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig 2004; 55:195-206. [PMID: 15732496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The article reviews the possible responses of liver cells to chemical insult. Both the necrosis and different ways of apoptotic death are considered. The regulatory role of BCL2/BAX proteins, p53 protein as well as other proteins modulating its activity is also described. The controlled proliferation is presented which base on transition of fully differentiated hepatocytes from the resting Go phase to GI phase of cell cycle. It is triggered by the loss of organ mass after extensive necrosis induced by xenobiotics. In this context the interrelations between the parenchymal cells (hepatocytes) and nonparenchymal cells, intercellular matrix, released growth factors are discussed. Tumorigenesis is also mentioned with special emphasis on the cell cycle control points and "run-away" from apoptosis of some cells despite the serious mistakes present in their DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Kamiński
- II Katedra i Zakład Histologii i Embriologii, Slaska Akademia Medyczna w Katowicach, 40-752 Katowice, ul. Medyków 18.
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Kamiński M, Wiaderkiewicz R. [Do cells play role in the assessment of risk due to drugs and environmental factors and by what means?]. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig 2003; 54 Suppl:11. [PMID: 12884487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Kamiński
- II Katedra i Zakład Histologii i Embriologii, Slaska Akademia Medyczna, Katowice
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Wiaderkiewicz R, Czekaj P, Wiaderkiewicz A, Pałasz A, Karpowicz J, Gryz K. 570 Expression of cytochromes P450 involved in biotransformation of xenobiotics in rats exposed to electromagnetic fields. Toxicol Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(03)90569-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Czekaj P, Wiaderkiewicz A, Palasz A, Wiaderkiewicz R. 571 Pulmonary CYP1A1, CYP2B1/2, CYP2E1 and CYP3A1/2 expressions in old male rats. Toxicol Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(03)90570-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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