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Attia N, Mashal M. Mesenchymal Stem Cells: The Past Present and Future. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1312:107-129. [PMID: 33159306 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The biomedical applications of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have gained expanding attention over the past three decades. MSCs are easily obtained from various tissue types (e.g. bone marrow, fat, cord blood, etc.), are capable of self-renewal, and could be induced to differentiate into several cell lineages for countless biomedical applications. In addition, when transplanted, MSCs are not detected by immune surveillance, thus do not lead to graft rejection. Moreover, they can home towards affected tissues and induce their therapeutic effect in a cell-base and/or a cell-free manner. These properties, and many others, have made MSCs appealing therapeutic cell candidates (for cell and/or gene therapy) in myriad clinical conditions. However, similar to any other therapeutic tool, MSCs still have their own limitations and grey areas that entail more research for better understanding and optimization. Herein, we present a brief overview of various pre-clinical/clinical applications of MSCs in regenerative medicine and discuss limitations and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Attia
- Department of Basic Sciences, The American University of Antigua-College of Medicine, Coolidge, Antigua and Barbuda. .,The Center of research and evaluation, The American University of Antigua-College of Medicine, Coolidge, Antigua and Barbuda. .,Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt. .,NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Mohamed Mashal
- The Center of research and evaluation, The American University of Antigua-College of Medicine, Coolidge, Antigua and Barbuda.,NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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152
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He Z, Ning N, Zhou Q, Khoshnam SE, Farzaneh M. Mitochondria as a therapeutic target for ischemic stroke. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 146:45-58. [PMID: 31704373 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of death and physical disability worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been considered as one of the hallmarks of ischemic stroke and contributes to the pathology of ischemia and reperfusion. Mitochondria is essential in promoting neural survival and neurological improvement following ischemic stroke. Therefore, mitochondria represent an important drug target for stroke treatment. This review discusses the mitochondrial molecular mechanisms underlying cerebral ischemia and involved in reactive oxygen species generation, mitochondrial electron transport dysfunction, mitochondria-mediated regulation of inflammasome activation, mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis, and apoptotic cell death. We highlight the potential of mitochondrial transfer by stem cells as a therapeutic target for stroke treatment and provide valuable insights for clinical strategies. A better understanding of the roles of mitochondria in ischemia-induced cell death and protection may provide a rationale design of novel therapeutic interventions in the ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi He
- Department of Pharmacy, Luohe Medical College, Luohe, 462000, China
| | - Niya Ning
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaoling District People's Hospital of Luohe City, Luohe, 462300, China
| | - Qiongxiu Zhou
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610052, China.
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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153
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Irion CI, Martins EL, Christie MLA, de Andrade CBV, de Moraes ACN, Ferreira RP, Pimentel CF, Suhett GD, de Carvalho ACC, Lindoso RS, Vieyra A, Galina A, Goldenberg RCS. Acute Myocardial Infarction Reduces Respiration in Rat Cardiac Fibers, despite Adipose Tissue Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Transplant. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:4327965. [PMID: 32655647 PMCID: PMC7322589 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4327965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (AD-MSC) administration improves cardiac function after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Although the mechanisms underlying this effect remain to be elucidated, the reversal of the mitochondrial dysfunction may be associated with AMI recovery. Here, we analyzed the alterations in the respiratory capacity of cardiomyocytes in the infarcted zone (IZ) and the border zone (BZ) and evaluated if mitochondrial function improved in cardiomyocytes after AD-MSC transplantation. Female rats were subjected to AMI by permanent left anterior descending coronary (LAD) ligation and were then treated with AD-MSCs or PBS in the border zone (BZ). Cardiac fibers were analyzed 24 hours (necrotic phase) and 8 days (fibrotic phase) after AMI for mitochondrial respiration, citrate synthase (CS) activity, F0F1-ATPase activity, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). High-resolution respirometry of permeabilized cardiac fibers showed that AMI reduced numerous mitochondrial respiration parameters in cardiac tissue, including phosphorylating and nonphosphorylating conditions, respiration coupled to ATP synthesis, and maximal respiratory capacity. CS decreased in IZ and BZ at the necrotic phase, whereas it recovered in BZ and continued to drop in IZ over time when compared to Sham. Exogenous cytochrome c doubled respiration at the necrotic phase in IZ. F0F1-ATPase activity decreased in the BZ and, to more extent, in IZ in both phases. Transmission electron microscopy showed disorganized mitochondrial cristae structure, which was more accentuated in IZ but also important in BZ. All these alterations in mitochondrial respiration were still present in the group treated with AD-MSC. In conclusion, AMI led to mitochondrial dysfunction with oxidative phosphorylation disorders, and AD-MSC improved CS temporarily but was not able to avoid alterations in mitochondria function over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila I. Irion
- 1Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Eduarda L. Martins
- 2Leopoldo de Meis Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Michelle L. A. Christie
- 1Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Cherley B. V. de Andrade
- 1Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Alan C. N. de Moraes
- 1Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Raphaela P. Ferreira
- 1Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Cibele F. Pimentel
- 1Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Grazielle D. Suhett
- 1Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos C. de Carvalho
- 1Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- 3National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging (CENABIO), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- 4National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine-REGENERA, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael S. Lindoso
- 1Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- 4National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine-REGENERA, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Vieyra
- 1Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- 3National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging (CENABIO), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- 4National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine-REGENERA, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- 5Regenerative Medicine Program, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Antonio Galina
- 2Leopoldo de Meis Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Regina C. S. Goldenberg
- 1Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- 4National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine-REGENERA, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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154
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Weiss JN, Levy S. Stem Cell Ophthalmology Treatment Study (SCOTS): bone marrow derived stem cells in the treatment of Dominant Optic Atrophy. Stem Cell Investig 2019; 6:41. [PMID: 32039263 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2019.11.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background We report the results of 6 patients with Dominant Optic Atrophy (DOA) who met inclusion criteria and were treated in the Stem Cell Ophthalmology Treatment Study (SCOTS). SCOTS/SCOTS 2 is an Institutional Review Board approved and NIH registered (NCT03011541) clinical study that uses autologous bone marrow derived stem cells (BMSC) in the treatment of optic nerve and retinal disease. Methods This is an open label, non-randomized clinical study using natural history of the disease as the comparator. BMSC were separated from aspirated autologous bone marrow with minimal manipulation using an FDA cleared Class II medical device. Patients were treated with combinations of retrobulbar, subtenons, intravitreal or subretinal placement of BMSC followed by intravenous injection of BMSC depending on the arm of the study chosen. There were no surgical complications. Results Of the patients treated, 83.3% (5 of 6 patients) experienced visual improvements and in all of these cases both eyes improved. Ten eyes or 83.3% experienced gains in visual acuity with a median improvement of 2.125 Snellen lines, or approximately 10.63 letters. Two eyes were considered unchanged compared to longstanding measurements. Using LogMAR, the average improvement in vision for all eyes was 29.5%. The averagevisual acuity increasein eyes that improved was 33.3%. Findings were statistically significant with P<0.001. Conclusions Using autologous BMSC per protocols developed in the SCOTS/SCOTS 2 clinical studies resulted in statistically significant visual acuity improvements in patients with DOA or Kjers Optic Neuropathy. Improvements occurred in 83.3% of eyes and averaged 29.5%. Mitochondrial transfer and neuroprotective exosome secretions from the BMSC may have been key to the improvements observed in this mitochondrial disease.
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155
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Zou X, Hou Y, Xu J, Zhong L, Zhou J, Zhang G, Sun J. Mitochondria transfer via tunneling nanotubes is an important mechanism by which CD133+ scattered tubular cells eliminate hypoxic tubular cell injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 522:205-212. [PMID: 31759629 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Renal CD133 + scattered tubular cells (STCs) have been regarded as progenitor-like cells in the kidney and participated in ischemic renal injury repair. However, the mechanism of this effect is not fully elucidated yet. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that the protective effect of CD133 + STCs depends on the transfer of mitochondria to injured tubular cells in vitro. In this study, renal ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) rat model was established with one side kidney ischemic for 45 min and animals were sacrificed at 48 h after operation. Tubular cells were isolated and cultured in vitro, and then CD133 + STCs were selected from the cultured cells. Then, CD133 + STCs were co-cultured with CD133-tubular cells (TECs) to detect the tunneling nanotubes like structures, and the transfer of mitochondria from CD133 + STCs to injured tubular cells were detected by fluorescent imaging and flow cytometry. Further, cellular protective effects of CD133 + STCs were tested when cultured with TECs under hypoxic conditions. In results, renal CD133 + STCs were scattered throughout the normal kidney and increased upon ischemic injury. Nanotube formations were commonly found between CD133 + STCs and TECs, and the transfer of mitochondria was detected from CD133 + STCs to TECs. Further, CD133 + STCs exist significant anti-apoptosis and pro-proliferation effects for TECs under hypoxic culture conditions. Thus, this study was first described that renal CD133 + STCs could transfer mitochondria to injured TECs in vitro for its protective effects, which revealed an important novel mechanism for renal repair after ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Hou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinxia Xu
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine,Weifang Medical University, Shandong Province, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyuan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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156
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Oliva J. Therapeutic Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cell on Organ Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215511. [PMID: 31694240 PMCID: PMC6862572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The shortage of donor organs is a major global concern. Organ failure requires the transplantation of functional organs. Donor’s organs are preserved for variable periods of warm and cold ischemia time, which requires placing them into a preservation device. Ischemia and reperfusion damage the organs, due to the lack of oxygen during the ischemia step, as well as the oxidative stress during the reperfusion step. Different methodologies are developed to prevent or to diminish the level of injuries. Preservation solutions were first developed to maximize cold static preservation, which includes the addition of several chemical compounds. The next chapter of organ preservation comes with the perfusion machine, where mechanical devices provide continuous flow and oxygenation ex vivo to the organs being preserved. In the addition of inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase and inhibitors of the proteasome, mesenchymal stem cells began being used 13 years ago to prevent or diminish the organ’s injuries. Mesenchymal stem cells (e.g., bone marrow stem cells, adipose derived stem cells and umbilical cord stem cells) have proven to be powerful tools in repairing damaged organs. This review will focus upon the use of some bone marrow stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells and umbilical cord stem cells on preventing or decreasing the injuries due to ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Oliva
- Emmaus Medical, Inc., 21250 Hawthorne Blvd, Suite 800, Torrance, CA 90503, USA
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157
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Kolba MD, Dudka W, Zaręba-Kozioł M, Kominek A, Ronchi P, Turos L, Chroscicki P, Wlodarczyk J, Schwab Y, Klejman A, Cysewski D, Srpan K, Davis DM, Piwocka K. Tunneling nanotube-mediated intercellular vesicle and protein transfer in the stroma-provided imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:817. [PMID: 31659149 PMCID: PMC6817823 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2045-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular communication within the bone marrow niche significantly promotes leukemogenesis and provides protection of leukemic cells from therapy. Secreted factors, intercellular transfer of mitochondria and the receptor-ligand interactions have been shown as mediators of this protection. Here we report that tunneling nanotubes (TNTs)-long, thin membranous structures, which have been identified as a novel mode of intercellular cross-talk-are formed in the presence of stroma and mediate transfer of cellular vesicles from stroma to leukemic cells. Importantly, transmission of vesicles via TNTs from stromal cells increases resistance of leukemic cells to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib. Using correlative light-electron microscopy and electron tomography we show that stromal TNTs contain vesicles, provide membrane continuity with the cell bodies and can be open-ended. Moreover, trans-SILAC studies to reveal the non-autonomous proteome showed that specific sets of proteins are transferred together with cellular vesicles from stromal to leukemic cells, with a potential role in survival and adaptation. Altogether, our findings provide evidence for the biological role of the TNT-mediated vesicle exchange between stromal and leukemic cells, implicating the direct vesicle and protein transfer in the stroma-provided protection of leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta D Kolba
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wioleta Dudka
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Zaręba-Kozioł
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Kominek
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paolo Ronchi
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Turos
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Chroscicki
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Wlodarczyk
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Yannick Schwab
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Agata Klejman
- Laboratory of Animal Models, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominik Cysewski
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katja Srpan
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Daniel M Davis
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Katarzyna Piwocka
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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158
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Rodriguez AM, Nakhle J, Griessinger E, Vignais ML. Intercellular mitochondria trafficking highlighting the dual role of mesenchymal stem cells as both sensors and rescuers of tissue injury. Cell Cycle 2019; 17:712-721. [PMID: 29582715 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1445906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are crucial organelles that not only regulate the energy metabolism, but also the survival and fate of eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria were recently discovered to be able to translocate from one cell to the other. This phenomenon was observed in vitro and in vivo, both in physiological and pathophysiological conditions including tissue injury and cancer. Mitochondria trafficking was found to exert prominent biological functions. In particular, several studies pointed out that this process governs some of the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this review, we give an overview of the current knowledge on MSC-dependent intercellular mitochondria trafficking and further discuss the recent findings on the intercellular mitochondria transfer between differentiated and mesenchymal stem cells, their biological significance and the mechanisms underlying this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Rodriguez
- a Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC , Créteil , France
| | - Jean Nakhle
- b Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS , Montpellier , France
| | - Emmanuel Griessinger
- c Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M). Team 4 Leukemia: Molecular addictions, Resistances and Leukemic Stem Cells
| | - Marie-Luce Vignais
- d Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Université de Montpellier, INSERM , France
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159
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Tunneling nanotubes mediate intercellular communication between endothelial progenitor cells and osteoclast precursors. J Mol Histol 2019; 50:483-491. [PMID: 31463584 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-019-09842-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tunneling nanotube (TNT)-mediated cell communication play pivotal roles in a series of physiological and pathological processes in multicellular organism. This study was designed to investigate the existence of TNTs between EPCs and osteoclast precursors and evaluate their effects on the differentiation of osteoclast precursors. For these purposes, EPCs and osteoclast precursors (RAW264.7 cells) were stained with different fluorescent dyes before direct co-culture; then, the co-cultured cells were sorted by fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS), and the differentiation of co-cultured RAW264.7 cells was evaluated. The results showed that the differentiation potential of RAW264.7 cells was significantly inhibited after their co-culture with EPCs. Additionally, the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was up-regulated in RAW264.7 cells after co-culture. Moreover, the MIF inhibitor ISO-1 could rescue the formation of TRAP-positive multinuclear osteoclasts and the expression of osteoclastogenesis-associated genes in the co-cultured RAW264.7 cells. The present study demonstrates that EPCs can affect the differentiation of osteoclast precursors through the TNT-like structures formed across these two types of cells and might inform new therapeutic strategies for osteolytic diseases.
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160
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Masterson CH, Curley GF, Laffey JG. Modulating the distribution and fate of exogenously delivered MSCs to enhance therapeutic potential: knowns and unknowns. Intensive Care Med Exp 2019; 7:41. [PMID: 31346794 PMCID: PMC6658643 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-019-0235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are undergoing intensive translational research for several debilitating conditions, including critical illnesses such as ARDS and sepsis. MSCs exert diverse biologic effects via their interaction with host tissues, via mechanisms that require the MSC to be in close proximity to the area of injury. Fully harnessing the therapeutic potential of advanced medicinal therapeutic products such as MSCs and their successful translation to clinical use requires a detailed understanding of MSC distribution and persistence in the injured tissues. Key aspects include understanding MSC distribution within the body, the response of the host to MSC administration, and the ultimate fate of exogenously administered MSCs within the host. Factors affecting this interaction include the MSC tissue source, the in vitro MSC culture conditions, the route of MSC administration and the specific issues relating to the target disease state, each of which remains to be fully characterised. Understanding these factors may generate strategies to modify MSC distribution and fate that may enhance their therapeutic effect. This review will examine our understanding of the mechanisms of action of MSCs, the early and late phase distribution kinetics of MSCs following in vivo administration, the ultimate fate of MSCs following administration and the potential importance of these MSC properties to their therapeutic effects. We will critique current cellular imaging and tracking methodologies used to track exogenous MSCs and their suitability for use in patients, discuss the insights they provide into the distribution and fate of MSCs after administration, and suggest strategies by which MSC biodistribution and fate may be modulated for therapeutic effect and clinical use. In conclusion, a better understanding of patterns of biodistribution and of the fate of MSCs will add important additional safety data regarding MSCs, address regulatory requirements, and may uncover strategies to increase the distribution and/or persistence of MSC at the sites of injury, potentially increasing their therapeutic potential for multiple disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire H Masterson
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Gerard F Curley
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Education and Research Centre Smurfit Building, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, 9, Ireland
| | - John G Laffey
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland. .,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland. .,Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Galway University Hospitals, SAOLTA Hospital Group, Galway, Ireland.
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161
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Cocetta V, Ragazzi E, Montopoli M. Mitochondrial Involvement in Cisplatin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143384. [PMID: 31295873 PMCID: PMC6678541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is one of the worldwide anticancer drugs and, despite its toxicity and frequent recurrence of resistance phenomena, it still remains the only therapeutic option for several tumors. Circumventing cisplatin resistance remains, therefore, a major goal for clinical therapy and represents a challenge for scientific research. Recent studies have brought to light the fundamental role of mitochondria in onset, progression, and metastasis of cancer, as well as its importance in the resistance to chemotherapy. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the current knowledge about the implication of mitochondria in cisplatin resistance and on the recent development in this research field. Recent studies have highlighted the role of mitochondrial DNA alterations in onset of resistance phenomena, being related both to redox balance alterations and to signal crosstalk with the nucleus, allowing a rewiring of cell metabolism. Moreover, an important role of the mitochondrial dynamics in the adaptation mechanism of cancer cells to challenging environment has been revealed. Giving bioenergetic plasticity to tumor cells, mitochondria allow cells to evade death pathways in stressful conditions, including chemotherapy. So far, even if the central role of mitochondria is recognized, little is known about the specific mechanisms implicated in the resistance. Nevertheless, mitochondria appear to be promising pharmacological targets for overcoming cisplatin resistance, but further studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Cocetta
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo Egidio Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Eugenio Ragazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo Egidio Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Monica Montopoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo Egidio Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padua, Italy.
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Via Orus 2, 35129 Padua, Italy.
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162
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Li Y, Guo S, Liu W, Jin T, Li X, He X, Zhang X, Su H, Zhang N, Duan C. Silencing of SNHG12 Enhanced the Effectiveness of MSCs in Alleviating Ischemia/Reperfusion Injuries via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:645. [PMID: 31293373 PMCID: PMC6603177 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that the long non-coding RNA SNHG12 (lncRNA SNHG12) plays a critical role in regulating the function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs); however, the effect of lncRNA SNHG12 on MSCs in injured brain tissue has rarely been reported. We studied the effect and mechanism of lncRNA SNHG12-modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in treating brain injuries caused by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). I/R treated rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) were co-cultured with MSCs or I/R pretreated MSCs. Next, BMEC proliferation was detected by using CCK-8 and EdU assays, and cell apoptosis was determined by using flow cytometry and the Hoechst staining method. Autophagy of BMECs was determined using immunofluorescence and expression of associated pathway proteins were measured by western blotting. Moreover, BMEC proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy were also determined after the BMECs had been co-cultured with shSNHG12-MSCs. In addition, a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was used to further confirm the findings obtained with cells. I/R treatment significantly decreased the proliferation of BMECs, but increased their levels of SNHG12 expression, apoptosis, and autophagy. However, co-culturing of BMECs with MSCs markedly alleviated the reduction in BMEC proliferation and the increases in BMEC apoptosis and autophagy, as well as the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR proteins in BMECs that had been induced by I/R. Furthermore, shSNHG12 remarkably enhanced the effects of MSCs. In addition, an injection MSCs reduced the infarct areas and rates of cell apoptosis in MACO rats, and reduced the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR proteins. Moreover, shSNHG12 enhanced the ameliorative effect of MSCs in treating brain injuries in the MACO rats. In conclusion, silencing of SNHG12 enhanced the effects of MSCs in reducing apoptosis and autophagy of BMECs by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhi Li
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hengyang Hospital, Southern Medical University (Hengyang Central Hospital), Hengyang, China
| | - Shenquan Guo
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Jin
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xifeng Li
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuying He
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hengxian Su
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanzhi Duan
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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163
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Sun C, Liu X, Wang B, Wang Z, Liu Y, Di C, Si J, Li H, Wu Q, Xu D, Li J, Li G, Wang Y, Wang F, Zhang H. Endocytosis-mediated mitochondrial transplantation: Transferring normal human astrocytic mitochondria into glioma cells rescues aerobic respiration and enhances radiosensitivity. Theranostics 2019; 9:3595-3607. [PMID: 31281500 PMCID: PMC6587163 DOI: 10.7150/thno.33100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that reprogramming of energy metabolism involving disturbances in energy production from a defect in cellular respiration with a shift to glycolysis is a core hallmark of cancer. Alterations in cancer cell energy metabolism are linked to abnormalities in mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial dysfunction of cancer cells includes increased glycolysis, decreased apoptosis, and resistance to radiotherapy. The study was designed for two main points: firstly, to investigate whether exogenous functional mitochondria can transfer into glioma cells and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms from the perspective of endocytosis; secondly, to further verify whether the mitochondrial transplantation is able to rescue aerobic respiration, attenuate the Warburg effect and enhance the radiosensitivity of gliomas. Methods: Mitochondria were isolated from normal human astrocytes (HA) and immediately co-incubated with starved human glioma cells (U87). Confocal microscopy and gene sequencing were performed to evaluate the ability of isolated mitochondria internalization into U87 cells. The interaction between endocytosis and isolated mitochondria transfer were captured by 3D tomographic microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. NAD+, CD38, cADPR and Ca2+ release were determined by commercial kits, western blot, HLPC-MS and Fluo-3 AM respectively. PCR array expression profiling and Seahorse XF analysis were used to evaluate the effect of mitochondrial transplantation on energy phenotypes of U87 cells. U87 cells and U87 xenografts were both treated with mitochondrial transplantation, radiation, or a combination of mitochondrial transplantation and radiation. Apoptosis in vitro and in vivo were detected by cytochrome C, cleaved caspase 9 and TUNEL staining. Results: We found that mitochondria from HA could be transferred into starved U87 cells by simple co-incubation. Starvation treatment slowed the rate of glycolysis and decreased the transformation of NAD+ to NADH in U87 cells. A large amount of accumulated NAD+ was released into the extracellular space. CD38 is a member of the NAD+ glycohydrolase family that catalyzes the cyclization of extracellular NAD+ to intracellular cADPR. cADPR triggered release of Ca2+ to promote cytoskeleton remodeling and plasma membrane invagination. Thus, endocytosis involving isolated mitochondria internalization was mediated by NAD+-CD38-cADPR-Ca2+ signaling. Mitochondrial transfer enhanced gene and protein expression related to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, increased aerobic respiration, attenuated glycolysis, reactivated the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, inhibited malignant proliferation of U87 cells. Isolated mitochondria injected into U87 xenograft tumors also entered cells, and inhibited glioma growth in nude mice. Mitochondrial transplantation could enhance the radiosensitivity of gliomas in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: These findings suggested that starvation-induced endocytosis via NAD+-CD38-cADPR-Ca2+ signaling could be a new mechanism of mitochondrial transplantation to rescue aerobic respiration and attenuate the Warburg effect. This mechanism could be a promising approach for radiosensitization.
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164
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Potential Applications in Kidney Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102462. [PMID: 31109047 PMCID: PMC6566143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells constitute a pool of cells present throughout the lifetime in numerous niches, characteristic of unlimited replication potential and the ability to differentiate into mature cells of mesodermal tissues in vitro. The therapeutic potential of these cells is, however, primarily associated with their capabilities of inhibiting inflammation and initiating tissue regeneration. Owing to these properties, mesenchymal stem cells (derived from the bone marrow, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and increasingly urine) are the subject of research in the settings of kidney diseases in which inflammation plays the key role. The most advanced studies, with the first clinical trials, apply to ischemic acute kidney injury, renal transplantation, lupus and diabetic nephropathies, in which beneficial clinical effects of cells themselves, as well as their culture medium, were observed. The study findings imply that mesenchymal stem cells act predominantly through secreted factors, including, above all, microRNAs contained within extracellular vesicles. Research over the coming years will focus on this secretome as a possible therapeutic agent void of the potential carcinogenicity of the cells.
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165
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Mesenchymal stem cells and their mitochondrial transfer: a double-edged sword. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20182417. [PMID: 30979829 PMCID: PMC6500894 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20182417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to many diseases including organ degeneration and cancer. Mesenchymal stem cells/stromal cells (MSCs) provide a valuable source for stem cell-based therapy and represent an emerging therapeutic approach for tissue regeneration. Increasing evidence suggests that MSCs can directly donate mitochondria to recover from cell injury and rescue mitochondrial damage-provoked tissue degeneration. Meanwhile, cancer cells and cancer stromal cells also cross-talk through mitochondrial exchange to regulate cancer metastasis. This review summarizes the research on MSCs and their mitochondrial transfer. It provides an overview of the biology, function, niches and signaling that play a role in tissue repair. It also highlights the pathologies of cancer growth and metastasis linked to mitochondrial exchange between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells. It becomes evident that the function of MSC mitochondrial transfer is a double-edged sword. MSC mitochondrial transfer may be a pharmaceutical target for tissue repair and cancer therapy.
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166
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Liu K, Guo L, Zhou Z, Pan M, Yan C. Mesenchymal stem cells transfer mitochondria into cerebral microvasculature and promote recovery from ischemic stroke. Microvasc Res 2019; 123:74-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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167
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Feng Y, Zhu R, Shen J, Wu J, Lu W, Zhang J, Zhang J, Liu K. Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Rescue Endothelial Cells Experiencing Chemotherapy Stress by Mitochondrial Transfer Via Tunneling Nanotubes. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:674-682. [PMID: 30808254 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are newly discovered tubular structures between two distant cells that facilitate the intercellular exchange of signals and components. Recent reports show that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can rescue injured target cells and promote recovery from a variety of stresses via TNT-mediated mitochondrial transfer. In this study, we explored how TNTs form between bone marrow MSCs and endothelial cells (ECs) by using a human umbilical cord vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) model. TNT formation between MSCs and HUVECs could be induced by treating HUVECs with cytarabine (Ara-C), and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs) could transfer mitochondria to injured HUVECs through TNTs. Mitochondrial transfer from hBMMSCs to HUVECs via TNTs rescued the injured HUVECs by reducing apoptosis, promoting proliferation and restoring the transmembrane migration ability as well as the capillary angiogenic capacity of HUVECs. This study provides novel insights into the cell-cell communication between MSCs and ECs and supports the results of prior studies indicating that ECs promote hematopoietic regeneration. An improved understanding of MSC-EC cross-talk will promote the development of MSC-directed strategies for improving EC function and hematopoietic system regeneration following myelosuppressive and myeloablative injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghuai Feng
- 1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Institute of Haematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,2 Institute of Haematology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Rongjia Zhu
- 3 Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Shen
- 4 Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - JiMin Wu
- 4 Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyi Lu
- 1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Institute of Haematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - JiaMin Zhang
- 1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Institute of Haematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- 1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Institute of Haematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyan Liu
- 1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Institute of Haematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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168
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Kustanovich A, Schwartz R, Peretz T, Grinshpun A. Life and death of circulating cell-free DNA. Cancer Biol Ther 2019; 20:1057-1067. [PMID: 30990132 PMCID: PMC6606043 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2019.1598759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-specific, circulating cell-free DNA in liquid biopsies is a promising source of biomarkers for minimally invasive serial monitoring of treatment responses in cancer management. We will review the current understanding of the origin of circulating cell-free DNA and different forms of DNA release (including various types of cell death and active secretion processes) and clearance routes. The dynamics of extracellular DNA in blood during therapy and the role of circulating DNA in pathophysiological processes (tumor-associated inflammation, NETosis, and pre-metastatic niche development) provide insights into the mechanisms that contribute to tumor development and metastases formation. Better knowledge of circulating tumor-specific cell-free DNA could facilitate the development of new therapeutic and diagnostic options for cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoli Kustanovich
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ruth Schwartz
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamar Peretz
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Albert Grinshpun
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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169
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Zhang J, Zhang J, Zhao L, Xin Y, Liu S, Cui W. Differential roles of microtubules in the two formation stages of membrane nanotubes between human mesenchymal stem cells and neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 512:441-447. [PMID: 30904163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Membrane nanotubes (MNTs) are a kind of novel way for communication between two distant cells. It was recently shown that MNTs can be formed between distressed cardiomyocytes (CMs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). As a cytoskeleton-containing structure, the role of microtubules in MNTs is not fully understood. Here, we investigated this question. By membrane dye staining, we found that the numbers of MNTs between human MSCs (hMSCs) and distressed neonatal mouse CMs (NMCMs) increased gradually from 3 to 16 h and remained constant from 16 to 30 h, which were identified as active formation stage (the 1st stage, ≤16 h in coculture), and mature and stable stage (the 2nd stage, >16 h in coculture), respectively. In the 1st stage, more MNTs originated from hMSCs, whereas more MNTs originated from NMCMs in the 2nd stage. The formation of MNTs was affected when microtubules were disrupted by nocodazole in the 1st stage, but not in the 2nd stage. MNTs became shorter and thinner when microtubules were disrupted in the 2nd stage. Immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry showed that mitochondria in hMSCs were transported into distressed NMCMs, which was suppressed by nocodazole in the 2nd stage. Tunnel staining showed that hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis of NMCMs only in the 2nd stage could be rescued by direct, but not indirect, coculture with hMSCs. This rescue function was weakened when the mitochondrial functions of cocultured hMSCs were disrupted by EtBr or microtubules in cocultures were disrupted by nocodazole. All these results suggested that there are two stages for MNT formation, and microtubules played differential roles in the two stages: During the 1st stage, microtubules were required for MNT formation, whereas during the 2nd stage, microtubules were related to the morphological features of MNTs and played a key role in anti-apoptosis of MNTs by mitochondrial transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghui Zhang
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Limin Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Xin
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Sa Liu
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China.
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170
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Naji A, Favier B, Deschaseaux F, Rouas-Freiss N, Eitoku M, Suganuma N. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell function in modulating cell death. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:56. [PMID: 30760307 PMCID: PMC6374902 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) delivered as cell therapy to individuals with degenerative and/or inflammatory disorders can help improve organ features and resolve inflammation, as demonstrated in preclinical studies and to some extent in clinical studies. MSCs have trophic, homing/migration, and immunosuppression functions, with many benefits in therapeutics. MSC functions are thought to depend on the paracrine action of soluble factors and/or the expression of membrane-bound molecules, mostly belonging to the molecular class of adhesion molecules, chemokines, enzymes, growth factors, and interleukins. Cutting-edge studies underline bioactive exchanges, including that of ions, nucleic acids, proteins, and organelles transferred from MSCs to stressed cells, thereby improving the cells' survival and function. From this aspect, MSC death modulation function appears as a decisive biological function that could carry a significant part of the therapeutic effects of MSCs. Identifying the function and modes of actions of MSCs in modulating cell death may be exploited to enhance consistency and efficiency of cell therapy that is based on MSCs as medical treatment for degenerative and/or inflammatory diseases. Here, we review the essentials of MSC functions in modulating cell death in unfit cells, and its modes of actions based on current advances and outline the clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahim Naji
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Cooperative Medicine Unit, Research and Education Faculty, Medicine Science Cluster, Kochi Medical School (KMS), Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-Cho, Nankoku City, Kochi Prefecture, 783-8505, Japan.
| | - Benoit Favier
- CEA-Université Paris Sud INSERM U1184, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, DRF, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Frédéric Deschaseaux
- STROMALab, UMR 5273 CNRS, INSERM U1031, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Occitanie, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Rouas-Freiss
- CEA, DRF-Institut Francois Jacob, Division de recherche en hématologie et immunologie (SRHI), Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Masamitsu Eitoku
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Cooperative Medicine Unit, Research and Education Faculty, Medicine Science Cluster, Kochi Medical School (KMS), Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-Cho, Nankoku City, Kochi Prefecture, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Narufumi Suganuma
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Cooperative Medicine Unit, Research and Education Faculty, Medicine Science Cluster, Kochi Medical School (KMS), Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-Cho, Nankoku City, Kochi Prefecture, 783-8505, Japan.
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171
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Burgess JK, Heijink IH. The Safety and Efficiency of Addressing ARDS Using Stem Cell Therapies in Clinical Trials. STEM CELL-BASED THERAPY FOR LUNG DISEASE 2019. [PMCID: PMC7121814 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-29403-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janette K. Burgess
- The University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene H. Heijink
- The University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
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172
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Boukelmoune N, Chiu GS, Kavelaars A, Heijnen CJ. Mitochondrial transfer from mesenchymal stem cells to neural stem cells protects against the neurotoxic effects of cisplatin. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:139. [PMID: 30541620 PMCID: PMC6292021 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0644-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transfer healthy mitochondria to damaged acceptor cells via actin-based intercellular structures. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that MSCs transfer mitochondria to neural stem cells (NSCs) to protect NSCs against the neurotoxic effects of cisplatin treatment. Our results show that MSCs donate mitochondria to NSCs damaged in vitro by cisplatin. Transfer of healthy MSC-derived mitochondria decreases cisplatin-induced NSC death. Moreover, mitochondrial transfer from MSCs to NSCs reverses the cisplatin-induced decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. Blocking the formation of actin-based intercellular structures inhibited the transfer of mitochondria to NSCs and abrogated the positive effects of MSCs on NSC survival. Conversely, overexpression of the mitochondrial motor protein Rho-GTPase 1 (Miro1) in MSCs increased mitochondrial transfer and further improved survival of cisplatin-treated NSCs. In vivo, MSC administration prevented the loss of DCX+ neural progenitor cells in the subventricular zone and hippocampal dentate gyrus which occurs as a result of cisplatin treatment. We propose mitochondrial transfer as one of the mechanisms via which MSCs exert their therapeutic regenerative effects after cisplatin treatment.
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173
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Bruschettini M, Romantsik O, Moreira A, Ley D, Thébaud B. Stem cell-based interventions for the prevention of morbidity and mortality following hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy in newborn infants. Hippokratia 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bruschettini
- Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; Department of Paediatrics; Lund Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital; Cochrane Sweden; Wigerthuset, Remissgatan 4, first floor room 11-221 Lund Sweden 22185
| | - Olga Romantsik
- Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; Department of Paediatrics; Lund Sweden
| | - Alvaro Moreira
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology; San Antonio Texas USA
| | - David Ley
- Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; Department of Paediatrics; Lund Sweden
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Pediatrics; Ottawa ON Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research; Ottawa Canada
- University of Ottawa; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Ottawa Canada
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174
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Murray LMA, Krasnodembskaya AD. Concise Review: Intercellular Communication Via Organelle Transfer in the Biology and Therapeutic Applications of Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2018; 37:14-25. [PMID: 30353966 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of stem cell-based therapies may be largely dependent on the ability of stem cells to modulate host cells rather than on their differentiation into host tissues. Within the last decade, there has been considerable interest in the intercellular communication mediated by the transfer of cytoplasmic material and organelles between cells. Numerous studies have shown that mitochondria and lysosomes are transported between cells by various mechanisms, such as tunneling nanotubes, microvesicles, and cellular fusion. This review will focus on the known instances of organelle transfer between stem cells and differentiated cells, what effects it has on recipient cells and how organelle transfer is regulated. Stem Cells 2019;37:14-25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M A Murray
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Anna D Krasnodembskaya
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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175
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Paliwal S, Chaudhuri R, Agrawal A, Mohanty S. Human tissue-specific MSCs demonstrate differential mitochondria transfer abilities that may determine their regenerative abilities. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:298. [PMID: 30409230 PMCID: PMC6225697 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have demonstrated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as effective mitochondrial donors with therapeutic success in multiple experimental models of human disease. MSCs obtained from different tissue sources such as bone marrow (BM), adipose (AD), dental pulp (DP), and Wharton's jelly (WJ) are routinely used in clinical trials with no known study of their mitochondrial donor capacity. Here, we show for the first time that MSCs derived from different tissue sources have different mitochondrial donor properties and that this is correlated with their intrinsic respiratory states. METHODS MitoTracker®-labeled MSCs were co-cultured with Cell Trace-labeled U87-MG cells or rat cardiomyocytes. Mitochondrial transfer abilities of MSCs were assessed by using flow cytometry analysis and fluorescence imaging. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) levels were analyzed by using MitoSOX red-based staining, and mitochondrial respiration parameters were analyzed by using a Seahorse XF Analyzer. RESULTS AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs displayed higher mitochondrial transfer than DP-MSCs and WJ-MSCs. Counterintuitively, DP-MSCs and WJ-MSCs were more effective in suppressing mtROS levels in stressed recipient cells than AD-MSCs or BM-MSCs. Interestingly, the oxygen consumption rates and intrinsic mitochondrial respiration parameters like ATP levels, basal and maximal respiration, and mitochondrial DNA copy number in donor MSCs showed a highly significant inverse correlation with their mitochondrial donation. CONCLUSIONS We find that there are intrinsic differences in the mitochondrial respiration, donation capacity, and therapeutic efficacy among MSCs of different tissue origin. MSCs with high mitochondrial respiration capacities are associated with lower mitochondrial transfer but more effective suppression of mtROS in stressed recipient cells. This is most compatible with a model where recipient cells optimally regulate mitochondrial transfer such that they take more mitochondria from MSCs with lower mitochondrial function. Furthermore, it appears to be advantageous to use MSCs such as DP-MSCs or WJ-MSCs with higher mitochondrial respiratory abilities that achieved better therapeutic effect with lower mitochondrial transfer in our study. This opens up a new direction in stem cell therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Paliwal
- Stem Cell Facility, DBT Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.,Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Rituparna Chaudhuri
- Stem Cell Facility, DBT Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Anurag Agrawal
- Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory and Centre of Excellence for Translational Research in Asthma & Lung Disease, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility, DBT Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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176
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Russo E, Nguyen H, Lippert T, Tuazon J, Borlongan CV, Napoli E. Mitochondrial targeting as a novel therapy for stroke. Brain Circ 2018; 4:84-94. [PMID: 30450413 PMCID: PMC6187947 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_14_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a main cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite the increasing development of innovative treatments for stroke, most are unsuccessful in clinical trials. In recent years, an encouraging strategy for stroke therapy has been identified in stem cells transplantation. In particular, grafting cells and their secretion products are leading with functional recovery in stroke patients by promoting the growth and function of the neurovascular unit – a communication framework between neurons, their supply microvessels along with glial cells – underlying stroke pathology and recovery. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been recently recognized as a hallmark in ischemia/reperfusion neural damage. Emerging evidence of mitochondria transfer from stem cells to ischemic-injured cells points to transfer of healthy mitochondria as a viable novel therapeutic strategy for ischemic diseases. Hence, a more in-depth understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in mitochondrial impairment may lead to new tools for stroke treatment. In this review, we focus on the current evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in stroke, investigating favorable approaches of healthy mitochondria transfer in ischemic neurons, and exploring the potential of mitochondria-based cellular therapy for clinical applications. This paper is a review article. Referred literature in this paper has been listed in the references section. The data sets supporting the conclusions of this article are available online by searching various databases, including PubMed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Russo
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hung Nguyen
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Trenton Lippert
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Julian Tuazon
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Eleonora Napoli
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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177
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Liu F, Lu J, Manaenko A, Tang J, Hu Q. Mitochondria in Ischemic Stroke: New Insight and Implications. Aging Dis 2018; 9:924-937. [PMID: 30271667 PMCID: PMC6147588 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of death and adult disability worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been regarded as one of the hallmarks of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced neuronal death. Maintaining the function of mitochondria is crucial in promoting neuron survival and neurological improvement. In this article, we review current progress regarding the roles of mitochondria in the pathological process of cerebral I/R injury. In particular, we emphasize on the most critical mechanisms responsible for mitochondrial quality control, as well as the recent findings on mitochondrial transfer in acute stroke. We highlight the potential of mitochondria as therapeutic targets for stroke treatment and provide valuable insights for clinical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- 1Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfei Lu
- 1Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Anatol Manaenko
- 2Departments of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Junjia Tang
- 3Department of neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Hu
- 1Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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178
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Wang F, Tang H, Zhu J, Zhang JH. Transplanting Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of Ischemic Stroke. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:1825-1834. [PMID: 30251564 PMCID: PMC6300770 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718795424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a major disease that leads to high mortality and morbidity. Given the ageing population and the potential risk factors, the prevalence of stroke and socioeconomic burden associated with stroke are expected to increase. During the past decade, both prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for stroke have made significant progress. However, current therapies still cannot adequately improve the outcomes of stroke and may not apply to all patients. One of the significant advances in modern medicine is cell-derived neurovascular regeneration and neuronal repair. Progress in stem cell biology has greatly contributed to ameliorating stroke-related brain injuries in preclinical studies and demonstrated clinical potential in stroke treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the differentiating potential of chondrocytes, adipocytes, and osteoblasts, and they have the ability to transdifferentiate into endothelial cells, glial cells, and neurons. Due to their great plasticity, MSCs have drawn much attention from the scientific community. This review will focus on MSCs, stem cells widely utilized in current medical research, and evaluate their effect and potential of improving outcomes in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, the Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,2 Department of Neurology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hailiang Tang
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, the Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhong Zhu
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, the Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - John H Zhang
- 3 Center for Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA, USA
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179
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Mittal R, Karhu E, Wang JS, Delgado S, Zukerman R, Mittal J, Jhaveri VM. Cell communication by tunneling nanotubes: Implications in disease and therapeutic applications. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1130-1146. [PMID: 30206931 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular communication is essential for the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms. Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are a recently recognized means of long and short distance communication between a wide variety of cell types. TNTs are transient filamentous membrane protrusions that connect cytoplasm of neighboring or distant cells. Cytoskeleton fiber-mediated transport of various cargoes occurs through these tubules. These cargoes range from small ions to whole organelles. TNTs have been shown to contribute not only to embryonic development and maintenance of homeostasis, but also to the spread of infectious particles and resistance to therapies. These functions in the development and progression of cancer and infectious disease have sparked increasing scrutiny of TNTs, as their contribution to disease progression lends them a promising therapeutic target. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge of TNT structure and formation as well as the role of TNTs in pathology, focusing on viral, prion, and malignant disease. We then discuss the therapeutic possibilities of TNTs in light of their varied functions. Despite recent progress in the growing field of TNT research, more studies are needed to precisely understand the role of TNTs in pathological conditions and to develop novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Elisa Karhu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Jay-Shing Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Stefanie Delgado
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ryan Zukerman
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Jeenu Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Vasanti M Jhaveri
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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180
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Abstract
Frailty is a medical syndrome associated with advancing age characterized by reduced functional reserve, strength, endurance, and susceptibility to infection associated with high morbidity, hospitalization, and death. Nonspecific interventions to improve the healthspan of affected patients include physical therapy, exercise, improved nutrition, etc. Among the hallmarks of aging, depletion of stem cells with resultant compromise of regeneration and repair of tissues informs a rational stem cell-based replacement strategy. This hypothesis has been evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial utilizing human allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (allo-hMSCs), a facile, scalable stem cell replacement therapy. Intravenous infusion of 100 or 200 million allo-hMSCs was deemed safe in aged frail individuals. However, modest improvement outcomes were limited to the lower dose, a finding that remains difficult to explain. Future studies are definitely warranted given the magnitude of this increasingly important medical syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Larrick
- 1 Panorama Research Institute , Sunnyvale, California.,2 Regenerative Sciences Institute , Sunnyvale, California
| | - Andrew R Mendelsohn
- 1 Panorama Research Institute , Sunnyvale, California.,2 Regenerative Sciences Institute , Sunnyvale, California
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181
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Yamashita YM, Inaba M, Buszczak M. Specialized Intercellular Communications via Cytonemes and Nanotubes. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2018; 34:59-84. [PMID: 30074816 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100617-062932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, thin membrane protrusions such as cytonemes and tunneling nanotubes have emerged as a novel mechanism of intercellular communication. Protrusion-based cellular interactions allow for specific communication between participating cells and have a distinct spectrum of advantages compared to secretion- and diffusion-based intercellular communication. Identification of protrusion-based signaling in diverse systems suggests that this mechanism is a ubiquitous and prevailing means of communication employed by many cell types. Moreover, accumulating evidence indicates that protrusion-based intercellular communication is often involved in pathogenesis, including cancers and infections. Here we review our current understanding of protrusion-based intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko M Yamashita
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA;
| | - Mayu Inaba
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA;
| | - Michael Buszczak
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA;
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182
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The role of metabolism and tunneling nanotube-mediated intercellular mitochondria exchange in cancer drug resistance. Biochem J 2018; 475:2305-2328. [PMID: 30064989 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular communications play a major role in tissue homeostasis. In pathologies such as cancer, cellular interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME) contribute to tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are newly discovered long-range intercellular connections that allow the exchange between cells of various cargos, ranging from ions to whole organelles such as mitochondria. TNT-transferred mitochondria were shown to change the metabolism and functional properties of recipient cells as reported for both normal and cancer cells. Metabolic plasticity is now considered a hallmark of cancer as it notably plays a pivotal role in drug resistance. The acquisition of cancer drug resistance was also associated to TNT-mediated mitochondria transfer, a finding that relates to the role of mitochondria as a hub for many metabolic pathways. In this review, we first give a brief overview of the various mechanisms of drug resistance and of the cellular communication means at play in the TME, with a special focus on the recently discovered TNTs. We further describe recent studies highlighting the role of the TNT-transferred mitochondria in acquired cancer cell drug resistance. We also present how changes in metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, pentose phosphate and lipid metabolism, are linked to cancer cell resistance to therapy. Finally, we provide examples of novel therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondria and cell metabolism as a way to circumvent cancer cell drug resistance.
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183
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Nguyen Q, Shiva S. Moving mitochondria - Breathing new signaling into asthmatic airways. Redox Biol 2018; 18:244-245. [PMID: 30056272 PMCID: PMC6079482 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Quyen Nguyen
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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184
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Understanding the Role of Dysfunctional and Healthy Mitochondria in Stroke Pathology and Its Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072127. [PMID: 30037107 PMCID: PMC6073421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke remains a major cause of death and disability in the United States and around the world. Solid safety and efficacy profiles of novel stroke therapeutics have been generated in the laboratory, but most failed in clinical trials. Investigations into the pathology and treatment of the disease remain a key research endeavor in advancing scientific understanding and clinical applications. In particular, cell-based regenerative medicine, specifically stem cell transplantation, may hold promise as a stroke therapy, because grafted cells and their components may recapitulate the growth and function of the neurovascular unit, which arguably represents the alpha and omega of stroke brain pathology and recovery. Recent evidence has implicated mitochondria, organelles with a central role in energy metabolism and stress response, in stroke progression. Recognizing that stem cells offer a source of healthy mitochondria—one that is potentially transferrable into ischemic cells—may provide a new therapeutic tool. To this end, deciphering cellular and molecular processes underlying dysfunctional mitochondria may reveal innovative strategies for stroke therapy. Here, we review recent studies capturing the intimate participation of mitochondrial impairment in stroke pathology, and showcase promising methods of healthy mitochondria transfer into ischemic cells to critically evaluate the potential of mitochondria-based stem cell therapy for stroke patients.
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185
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Tan DQ, Suda T. Reactive Oxygen Species and Mitochondrial Homeostasis as Regulators of Stem Cell Fate and Function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:149-168. [PMID: 28708000 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The precise role and impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in stem cells, which are essential for lifelong tissue homeostasis and regeneration, remain of significant interest to the field. The long-term regenerative potential of a stem cell compartment is determined by the delicate balance between quiescence, self-renewal, and differentiation, all of which can be influenced by ROS levels. Recent Advances: The past decade has seen a growing appreciation for the importance of ROS and redox homeostasis in various stem cell compartments, particularly those of hematopoietic, neural, and muscle tissues. In recent years, the importance of proteostasis and mitochondria in relation to stem cell biology and redox homeostasis has garnered considerable interest. CRITICAL ISSUES Here, we explore the reciprocal relationship between ROS and stem cells, with significant emphasis on mitochondria as a core component of redox homeostasis. We discuss how redox signaling, involving cell-fate determining protein kinases and transcription factors, can control stem cell function and fate. We also address the impact of oxidative stress on stem cells, especially oxidative damage of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. We further discuss ROS management in stem cells, and present recent evidence supporting the importance of mitochondrial activity and its modulation (via mitochondrial clearance, biogenesis, dynamics, and distribution [i.e., segregation and transfer]) in stem cell redox homeostasis. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Therefore, elucidating the intricate links between mitochondria, cellular metabolism, and redox homeostasis is envisioned to be critical for our understanding of ROS in stem cell biology and its therapeutic relevance in regenerative medicine. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Q Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Toshio Suda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
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186
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Sarmah D, Kaur H, Saraf J, Vats K, Pravalika K, Wanve M, Kalia K, Borah A, Kumar A, Wang X, Yavagal DR, Dave KR, Bhattacharya P. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Stroke: Implications of Stem Cell Therapy. Transl Stroke Res 2018; 10:10.1007/s12975-018-0642-y. [PMID: 29926383 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-018-0642-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a debilitating condition which is also the second leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Despite the benefits and promises shown by numerous neuroprotective agents in animal stroke models, their clinical translation has not been a complete success. Hence, search for treatment options have directed researchers towards utilising stem cells. Mitochondria has a major involvement in the pathophysiology of stroke and a number of other conditions. Stem cells have shown the ability to transfer mitochondria to the damaged cells and to help revive cell energetics in the recipient cell. The present review discusses how stem cells could be employed to protect neurons and mitochondria in stroke and also the various mechanisms involved in neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepaneeta Sarmah
- Department or Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department or Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Jackson Saraf
- Department or Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Kanchan Vats
- Department or Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Kanta Pravalika
- Department or Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Madhuri Wanve
- Department or Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department or Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dileep R Yavagal
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Kunjan R Dave
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department or Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India.
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187
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Association of Inflammatory Responses and ECM Disorganization with HMGB1 Upregulation and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in the Injured Rotator Cuff Tendon. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8918. [PMID: 29891998 PMCID: PMC5995925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27250-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) disorganization following the rotator cuff tendon injuries (RCTI) delay the repair and healing process and the molecular mechanisms underlying RCTI pathology are largely unknown. Here, we examined the role of HMGB1 and NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in the inflammation and ECM disorganization in RCTI. This hypothesis was tested in a tenotomy-RCTI rat model by transecting the RC tendon from the humerus. H&E and pentachrome staining revealed significant changes in the morphology, architecture and ECM organization in RC tendon tissues following RCTI when compared with contralateral control. Severity of the injury was high in the first two weeks with improvement in 3–4 weeks following RCTI, and this correlated with the healing response. The expression of proteins associated with increased HMGB-1 and upregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, TLR4, TLR2, TREM-1, RAGE, ASC, Caspase-1, and IL-1β, in the first two weeks following RCTI followed by decline in 3–4 weeks. These results suggest the association of inflammatory responses and ECM disorganization with HMGB1 upregulation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the RC tendons and could provide novel target(s) for development of better therapeutic strategies in the management of RCTI.
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188
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Weiss JN, Levy S. Stem Cell Ophthalmology Treatment Study: bone marrow derived stem cells in the treatment of Retinitis Pigmentosa. Stem Cell Investig 2018; 5:18. [PMID: 30050918 PMCID: PMC6043757 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2018.04.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seventeen patients with bilateral visual loss due to Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) underwent autologous bone marrow derived stem cell (BMSC) treatment within the Stem Cell Ophthalmology Treatment Study (SCOTS and SCOTS 2). Both are National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Office of Human Research Protection (OHRP) compliant Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved clinical studies utilizing using autologous BMSC in the treatment of retinal and optic nerve diseases that meet inclusion criteria. METHODS The average age of the patients treated was 48.8 years. The average duration of disease prior to treatment was 27.6 years and ranged from 4 to approximately 60 years. Affected eyes were treated with either retrobulbar, subtenons and intravenous BMSC or retrobulbar, subtenons, intravitreal and intravenous. Follow up was provided a minimum of 6 months. The primary outcome was visual acuity as measured by Snellen or converted to LogMAR. RESULTS Following therapy in SCOTS or SCOTS 2, 11 patients (64.7%) showed improved binocular vision averaging 10.23 lines of Snellen acuity per eye over pre-treatment acuity; 8 patients (35.3%) remaining stable over the follow up period; no patients experiencing loss of overall acuity. In 33 treated eyes, 15 eyes (45.5%) improved an average of 7.9 lines of Snellen acuity, 15 eyes (45.5%) remained stable, and 3 eyes (9%) worsened by an average of 1.7 lines of Snellen acuity. Improvements ranged from 1 to 27 lines of vision. Using the LogMAR Scale and calculating delta as a ratio to pre-treatment vision in improved eyes, acuity improvement ranged from 23% to 90% with an average of 40.9% visual acuity improvement over baseline vision. Evaluation of all patients and eyes capable of LogMAR vision showed an average of 31% improvement in vision over baseline. Findings were of statistical significance (P=0.016). There were no surgical complications. CONCLUSIONS The BMSC protocols of the SCOTS achieved meaningful visual acuity improvements or stability in RP that were of statistical significance. Duration of disease did not appear to affect the ability of eyes to respond. Safety was confirmed. Possible mechanisms by which improvement occurred may include transdifferentiation of BMSC into Neuronal Nuclei (NeuN) positive cells, BMSC paracrine secretions or neurotrophic factors and hormones, transfer of mitochondria, release of messenger RNA or other compounds via exosomes or microvesicles. Given the successful outcome in this otherwise progressive condition, consideration should be given to providing this treatment option.
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189
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Pedicini L, Miteva KT, Hawley V, Gaunt HJ, Appleby HL, Cubbon RM, Marszalek K, Kearney MT, Beech DJ, McKeown L. Homotypic endothelial nanotubes induced by wheat germ agglutinin and thrombin. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7569. [PMID: 29765077 PMCID: PMC5953990 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial barrier formation is maintained by intercellular communication through junctional proteins. The mechanisms involved in maintaining endothelial communication subsequent to barrier disruption remain unclear. It is known that low numbers of endothelial cells can be interconnected by homotypic actin-driven tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) which could be important for intercellular transfer of information in vascular physiology. Here we sought insight into the triggers for TNT formation. Wheat germ agglutinin, a C-type lectin and known label for TNTs, unexpectedly caused striking induction of TNTs. A succinylated derivative was by contrast inactive, suggesting mediation by a sialylated protein. Through siRNA-mediated knockdown we identified that this protein was likely to be CD31, an important sialylated membrane protein normally at endothelial cell junctions. We subsequently considered thrombin as a physiological inducer of endothelial TNTs because it reduces junctional contact. Thrombin reduced junctional contact, redistributed CD31 and induced TNTs, but its effect on TNTs was CD31-independent. Thrombin-induced TNTs nevertheless required PKCα, a known mediator of thrombin-dependent junctional remodelling, suggesting a necessity for junctional proteins in TNT formation. Indeed, TNT-inducing effects of wheat germ agglutinin and thrombin were both correlated with cortical actin rearrangement and similarly Ca2+-dependent, suggesting common underlying mechanisms. Once formed, Ca2+ signalling along TNTs was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Pedicini
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Katarina T Miteva
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Verity Hawley
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hannah J Gaunt
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hollie L Appleby
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Richard M Cubbon
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Katarzyna Marszalek
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Mark T Kearney
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - David J Beech
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Lynn McKeown
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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190
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Chekhonin IV, Chistiakov DA, Grinenko NF, Gurina OI. Glioma Cell and Astrocyte Co-cultures As a Model to Study Tumor–Tissue Interactions: A Review of Methods. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2018; 38:1179-1195. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-018-0588-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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191
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Wang J, Li H, Yao Y, Zhao T, Chen YY, Shen YL, Wang LL, Zhu Y. Stem cell-derived mitochondria transplantation: a novel strategy and the challenges for the treatment of tissue injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:106. [PMID: 29653590 PMCID: PMC5899391 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0832-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage of mitochondria in the initial period of tissue injury aggravates the severity of injury. Restoration of mitochondria dysfunction and mitochondrial-based therapeutics represent a potentially effective therapeutic strategy. Recently, mitochondrial transfer from stem cells has been demonstrated to play a significant role in rescuing injured tissues. The possible mechanisms of mitochondria released from stem cells, the pathways of mitochondria transfer between the donor stem cells and recipient cells, and the internalization of mitochondria into recipient cells are discussed. Moreover, a novel strategy for tissue injury based on the concept of stem cell-derived mitochondrial transplantation is pointed out, and the advantages and challenges are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Heyangzi Li
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ying Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Tengfei Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Ying-Ying Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yue-Liang Shen
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lin-Lin Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Yongjian Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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192
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Mahfouzi SH, Amoabediny G, Doryab A, Safiabadi-Tali SH, Ghanei M. Noninvasive Real-Time Assessment of Cell Viability in a Three-Dimensional Tissue. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2018; 24:197-204. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Mahfouzi
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- The Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghassem Amoabediny
- The Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Doryab
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- The Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Safiabadi-Tali
- The Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center and Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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193
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Paliwal S, Chaudhuri R, Agrawal A, Mohanty S. Regenerative abilities of mesenchymal stem cells through mitochondrial transfer. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:31. [PMID: 29602309 PMCID: PMC5877369 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0429-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed an upsurge in studies demonstrating mitochondrial transfer as one of the emerging mechanisms through which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can regenerate and repair damaged cells or tissues. It has been found to play a critical role in healing several diseases related to brain injury, cardiac myopathies, muscle sepsis, lung disorders and acute respiratory disorders. Several studies have shown that various mechanisms are involved in mitochondrial transfer that includes tunnel tube formation, micro vesicle formation, gap junctions, cell fusion and others modes of transfer. Few studies have investigated the mechanisms that contribute to mitochondrial transfer, primarily comprising of signaling pathways involved in tunnel tube formation that facilitates tunnel tube formation for movement of mitochondria from one cell to another. Various stress signals such as release of damaged mitochondria, mtDNA and mitochondrial products along with elevated reactive oxygen species levels trigger the transfer of mitochondria from MSCs to recipient cells. However, extensive cell signaling pathways that lead to mitochondrial transfer from healthy cells are still under investigation and the changes that contribute to restoration of mitochondrial bioenergetics in recipient cells remain largely elusive. In this review, we have discussed the phenomenon of mitochondrial transfer from MSCs to neighboring stressed cells, and how this aids in cellular repair and regeneration of different organs such as lung, heart, eye, brain and kidney. The potential scope of mitochondrial transfer in providing novel therapeutic strategies for treatment of various pathophysiological conditions has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Paliwal
- Stem Cell Facility, DBT Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Rituparna Chaudhuri
- Stem Cell Facility, DBT Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Anurag Agrawal
- Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory and Centre of Excellence for Translational Research in Asthma & Lung disease, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility, DBT Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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194
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Čamernik K, Barlič A, Drobnič M, Marc J, Jeras M, Zupan J. Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Musculoskeletal System: From Animal Models to Human Tissue Regeneration? Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 14:346-369. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-018-9800-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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195
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González-Nieto D, Fernández-García L, Pérez-Rigueiro J, Guinea GV, Panetsos F. Hydrogels-Assisted Cell Engraftment for Repairing the Stroke-Damaged Brain: Chimera or Reality. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10020184. [PMID: 30966220 PMCID: PMC6415003 DOI: 10.3390/polym10020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of advanced biomaterials as a structural and functional support for stem cells-based therapeutic implants has boosted the development of tissue engineering applications in multiple clinical fields. In relation to neurological disorders, we are still far from the clinical reality of restoring normal brain function in neurodegenerative diseases and cerebrovascular disorders. Hydrogel polymers show unique mechanical stiffness properties in the range of living soft tissues such as nervous tissue. Furthermore, the use of these polymers drastically enhances the engraftment of stem cells as well as their capacity to produce and deliver neuroprotective and neuroregenerative factors in the host tissue. Along this article, we review past and current trends in experimental and translational research to understand the opportunities, benefits, and types of tentative hydrogel-based applications for the treatment of cerebral disorders. Although the use of hydrogels for brain disorders has been restricted to the experimental area, the current level of knowledge anticipates an intense development of this field to reach clinics in forthcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel González-Nieto
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Tecnología Fotónica y Bioingeniería, ETSI Telecomunicaciones, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Fernández-García
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Pérez-Rigueiro
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gustavo V Guinea
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fivos Panetsos
- Neurocomputing and Neurorobotics Research Group: Faculty of Biology and Faculty of Optics, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos Madrid, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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196
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Neuroprotective Effects of Bioactive Compounds and MAPK Pathway Modulation in "Ischemia"-Stressed PC12 Pheochromocytoma Cells. Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8020032. [PMID: 29419806 PMCID: PMC5836051 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This review surveys the efforts taken to investigate in vitro neuroprotective features of synthetic compounds and cell-released growth factors on PC12 clonal cell line temporarily deprived of oxygen and glucose followed by reoxygenation (OGD/R). These cells have been used previously to mimic some of the properties of in vivo brain ischemia-reperfusion-injury (IRI) and have been instrumental in identifying common mechanisms such as calcium overload, redox potential, lipid peroxidation and MAPKs modulation. In addition, they were useful for establishing the role of certain membrane penetrable cocktails of antioxidants as well as potential growth factors which may act in neuroprotection. Pharmacological mechanisms of neuroprotection addressing modulation of the MAPK cascade and increased redox potential by natural products, drugs and growth factors secreted by stem cells, in either undifferentiated or nerve growth factor-differentiated PC12 cells exposed to ischemic conditions are discussed for future prospects in neuroprotection studies.
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197
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Mitochondria are transported along microtubules in membrane nanotubes to rescue distressed cardiomyocytes from apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:81. [PMID: 29362447 PMCID: PMC5833423 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0145-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Membrane nanotubes (MNTs) act as “highways” between cells to facilitate the transfer of multiple signals and play an important role in many diseases. Our previous work reported on the transfer of mitochondria via MNTs between cardiomyocytes (CMs) and cardiac myofibroblasts (MFs); however, the elucidation of the underlying mechanism and pathophysiological significance of this transfer requires additional study. In this study, we determined that the mean movement velocity of mitochondria in MNTs between CMs and MFs was approximately 17.5 ± 2.1 nm/s. Meanwhile, treatment with microtubule polymerisation inhibitors nocodazole or colcemid in cell culture decreased mitochondrial velocity, and knockdown of the microtubule motor protein kinesin family member 5B (KIF5B) led to a similar effect, indicating that mitochondrial movement was dependent on microtubules and the motor protein KIF5B. Furthermore, we showed that hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced CM apoptosis was attenuated by coculture with intact or hypoxia/reoxygenation-treated MFs, which transferred mitochondria to CMs. This rescue was prevented either by separating the cells using Transwell culture or by impairing mitochondrial transfer with nocodazole or colcemid treatment. In conclusion, as a novel means of intercellular communication, MNTs rescue distressed CMs from apoptosis by transporting mitochondria along microtubules via KIF5B.
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198
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Wang J, Liu X, Qiu Y, Shi Y, Cai J, Wang B, Wei X, Ke Q, Sui X, Wang Y, Huang Y, Li H, Wang T, Lin R, Liu Q, Xiang AP. Cell adhesion-mediated mitochondria transfer contributes to mesenchymal stem cell-induced chemoresistance on T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:11. [PMID: 29357914 PMCID: PMC5778754 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0554-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the high cure rate of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), drug resistance to chemotherapy remains a significant clinical problem. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) protect leukemic cells from chemotherapy, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to uncover the mechanism of MSC-induced chemoresistance in T-ALL cells, thus providing a promising clinical therapy target. METHODS Cell viability was determined using the viability assay kit CCK-8. The mitochondrial ROS levels were detected using the fluorescent probe MitoSOX™ Red, and fluorescence intensity was measured by flow cytometry. In vitro, MSCs and Jurkat cells were cocultured. MSCs were labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP), and Jurkat cells were labeled with the mitochondria-specific dye MitoTracker Red. Bidirectional mitochondrial transfer was detected by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The mechanism of mitochondria transfer was analyzed by inhibitor assays. Transcripts related to Jurkat cell/MSC adhesion in the coculture system were assessed by qRT-PCR. After treatment with a neutralizing antibody against a key adhesion molecule, mitochondria transfer from Jurkat cells to MSCs was again detected by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Finally, we verified our findings using human primary T-ALL cells cocultured with MSCs. RESULTS Chemotherapeutic drugs caused intracellular oxidative stress in Jurkat cells. Jurkat cells transfer mitochondria to MSCs but receive few mitochondria from MSCs, resulting in chemoresistance. This process of mitochondria transfer is mediated by tunneling nanotubes, which are protrusions that extend from the cell membrane . Moreover, we found that most Jurkat cells adhered to MSCs in the coculture system, which was mediated by the adhesion molecule ICAM-1. Treatment with a neutralizing antibody against ICAM-1 led to a decreased number of adhering Jurkat cells, decreased mitochondria transfer, and increased chemotherapy-induced cell death. CONCLUSIONS We show evidence that mitochondria transfer from Jurkat cells to MSCs, which is mediated by cell adhesion, may be a potential therapeutic target for T-ALL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Wang
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74# Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Biotherapy Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74# Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Qiu
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74# Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74# Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianye Cai
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74# Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Biotherapy Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Boyan Wang
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74# Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wei
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74# Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiong Ke
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74# Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Biotherapy Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xin Sui
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74# Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74# Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinong Huang
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74# Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Biotherapy Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74# Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74# Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ren Lin
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qifa Liu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Andy Peng Xiang
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74# Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Biotherapy Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China. .,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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199
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Morrison TJ, Jackson MV, Cunningham EK, Kissenpfennig A, McAuley DF, O'Kane CM, Krasnodembskaya AD. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Modulate Macrophages in Clinically Relevant Lung Injury Models by Extracellular Vesicle Mitochondrial Transfer. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 196:1275-1286. [PMID: 28598224 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201701-0170oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 484] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a major cause of respiratory failure in critically ill patients. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising candidate for a cell-based therapy. However, the mechanisms of MSCs' effects in ARDS are not well understood. In this study, we focused on the paracrine effect of MSCs on macrophage polarization and the role of extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated mitochondrial transfer. OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of human MSCs on macrophage function in the ARDS environment and to elucidate the mechanisms of these effects. METHODS Human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) were studied in noncontact coculture with human MSCs when stimulated with LPS or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with ARDS. Murine alveolar macrophages (AMs) were cultured ex vivo with/without human MSC-derived EVs before adoptive transfer to LPS-injured mice. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS MSCs suppressed cytokine production, increased M2 macrophage marker expression, and augmented phagocytic capacity of human MDMs stimulated with LPS or ARDS BALF. These effects were partially mediated by CD44-expressing EVs. Adoptive transfer of AMs pretreated with MSC-derived EVs reduced inflammation and lung injury in LPS-injured mice. Inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation in MDMs prevented the modulatory effects of MSCs. Generating dysfunctional mitochondria in MSCs using rhodamine 6G pretreatment also abrogated these effects. CONCLUSIONS In the ARDS environment, MSCs promote an antiinflammatory and highly phagocytic macrophage phenotype through EV-mediated mitochondrial transfer. MSC-induced changes in macrophage phenotype critically depend on enhancement of macrophage oxidative phosphorylation. AMs treated with MSC-derived EVs ameliorate lung injury in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Morrison
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Megan V Jackson
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Erin K Cunningham
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Adrien Kissenpfennig
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel F McAuley
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Cecilia M O'Kane
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Anna D Krasnodembskaya
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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200
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Singh B, Modica-Napolitano JS, Singh KK. Defining the momiome: Promiscuous information transfer by mobile mitochondria and the mitochondrial genome. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 47:1-17. [PMID: 28502611 PMCID: PMC5681893 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are complex intracellular organelles that have long been identified as the powerhouses of eukaryotic cells because of the central role they play in oxidative metabolism. A resurgence of interest in the study of mitochondria during the past decade has revealed that mitochondria also play key roles in cell signaling, proliferation, cell metabolism and cell death, and that genetic and/or metabolic alterations in mitochondria contribute to a number of diseases, including cancer. Mitochondria have been identified as signaling organelles, capable of mediating bidirectional intracellular information transfer: anterograde (from nucleus to mitochondria) and retrograde (from mitochondria to nucleus). More recently, evidence is now building that the role of mitochondria extends to intercellular communication as well, and that the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) and even whole mitochondria are indeed mobile and can mediate information transfer between cells. We define this promiscuous information transfer function of mitochondria and mtDNA as "momiome" to include all mobile functions of mitochondria and the mitochondrial genome. Herein, we review the "momiome" and explore its role in cancer development, progression, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupendra Singh
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Keshav K Singh
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Center for Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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