151
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The early diagnosis and monitoring of squamous cell carcinoma via saliva metabolomics. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6802. [PMID: 25354816 PMCID: PMC4213796 DOI: 10.1038/srep06802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an attractive strategy to increase survival rate of patient. An integrated separation approach of reversed phase liquid chromatography and hydrophilic interaction chromatography combining with time of flight mass spectrometer has been firstly developed for performing global saliva metabonomics analysis for early diagnosis of OSCC. This approach was designed to overcome the limitations of a single chromatographic method due to different polarity of endogenous metabolites. As a result, 14 potential salivary metabolites were identified. Eight biomarkers up-regulated in OSCC patients are compared with control and six down-regulated groups. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was exploited to evaluate the diagnostic power of the candidate biomarkers, and related metabolic pathways have also been studied. Five salivary biomarkers (propionylcholine, N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanine, sphinganine, phytosphingosine, and S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine) in combination yielded satisfactory accuracy (AUC = 0.997), sensitivity (100%), and specificity (96.7%) in distinguishing early stage of OSCC from the control. In this study, a comprehensive saliva metabonomics analysis for identifying potential biomarkers to early diagnose OSCC is successfully demonstrated, which has the advantages of non-invasive, simple, reliable, and low-cost. These novel metabolic biomarkers have obvious clinical utility that will help to diagnose OSCC at its early stage.
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152
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Shankar AA, Alex S, Routray S. Incorporation of salivary metabolomics in oral cancer diagnostics. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:e53-4. [PMID: 25128294 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akhil A Shankar
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Y.M.T. Dental College, Institutional Area, Sector-4, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India.
| | - Sheeba Alex
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Y.M.T. Dental College, Institutional Area, Sector-4, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Samapika Routray
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, 'SOA' University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India.
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153
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Electrochemical magnetoimmunosensor for the ultrasensitive determination of interleukin-6 in saliva and urine using poly-HRP streptavidin conjugates as labels for signal amplification. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:6363-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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154
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Comparison of salivary nitric oxide and epidermal growth factor level between diabetic patients and healthy individuals. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-014-0207-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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155
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Yang X, Yuan T, Teng P, Kong D, Liu C, Li E, Zhao E, Tong C, Yuan L. An in-fiber integrated optofluidic device based on an optical fiber with an inner core. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:2090-2095. [PMID: 24799034 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00184b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new kind of optofluidic in-fiber integrated device based on a specially designed hollow optical fiber with an inner core is designed. The inlets and outlets are built by etching the surface of the optical fiber without damaging the inner core. A reaction region between the end of the fiber and a solid point obtained after melting is constructed. By injecting samples into the fiber, the liquids can form steady microflows and react in the region. Simultaneously, the emission from the chemiluminescence reaction can be detected from the remote end of the optical fiber through evanescent field coupling. The concentration of ascorbic acid (AA or vitamin C, Vc) is determined by the emission intensity of the reaction of Vc, H2O2, luminol, and K3Fe(CN)6 in the optical fiber. A linear sensing range of 0.1-3.0 mmol L(-1) for Vc is obtained. The emission intensity can be determined within 2 s at a total flow rate of 150 μL min(-1). Significantly, this work presents information for the in-fiber integrated optofluidic devices without spatial optical coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Yang
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry of Education, College of Science, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.
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156
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Rajkumar K, Nandhini G, Ramya R, Rajashree P, Kumar AR, Anandan SN. Validation of the diagnostic utility of salivary interleukin 8 in the differentiation of potentially malignant oral lesions and oral squamous cell carcinoma in a region with high endemicity. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014; 118:309-19. [PMID: 24950604 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical utility of salivary interleukin 8 (IL-8) in the differential diagnosis of potentially malignant lesions (PMLs) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in a region with high oral cancer prevalence. STUDY DESIGN Saliva and blood samples were collected from 100 participants in each group (OSCC, PMLs, and healthy controls). Serum and salivary IL-8 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The data were subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. RESULTS A significant increase in levels of serum and salivary IL-8 was found in OSCC compared with PMLs and healthy controls. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis found salivary IL-8 to have superior sensitivity in detecting OSCC. A significant increase in IL-8 levels based on the histologic grading of OSCC was also observed. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that salivary IL-8 can be a potent marker that can be used as a tool in the differential diagnosis of PMLs and OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rajkumar
- Professor and Head, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, SRM Dental College, SRM University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - G Nandhini
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, SRM Dental College, SRM University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Ramya
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, SRM Dental College, SRM University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Rajashree
- Research Faculty, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, SRM Dental College, SRM University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Ramesh Kumar
- Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, SRM Dental College, SRM University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Nirmala Anandan
- Professor, Department of Biochemistry, SRM Dental College, SRM University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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157
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Jung CC, Liang HH, Lee HL, Hsu NY, Su HJ. Allostatic load model associated with indoor environmental quality and sick building syndrome among office workers. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95791. [PMID: 24759685 PMCID: PMC3997416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates whether indoor environmental quality (IEQ) influences allostatic load (AL) and whether AL can be a predictor for sick building syndrome (SBS). We also assessed and compared the associations between AL and SBS versus 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and SBS. A total of 115 office workers from 21 offices completed self-reported SBS questionnaires, and provided 11 biomarkers for their AL. Multiple linear regressions and logistic regression analysis were applied to examine the correlations between IEQ and AL or 8-OHdG and between AL or 8-OHdG and SBS, respectively. Our data revealed that the neuroendocrine system was correlated with CO2, the difference between indoor and outdoor CO2 levels (dCO2), and the indoor-outdoor ratio of CO2 (CO2 I/O). Metabolic system effects were associated with illumination. The relationships between illumination, CO2, dCO2, CO2 I/O and 8-OHdG were consistent with those and AL in specific systems. Furthermore, we found that risks for SBS syndromes were related with neuroendocrine and metabolic system of the AL. 8-OHdG was associated with eye dryness or irritation, eye tiredness and vomiting. We conclude that IEQ significantly influences AL and that AL can be a predictor for reporting SBS with information on system-specific effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Cheng Jung
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan city, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hao Liang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan city, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei city, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Yun Hsu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan city, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Jen Su
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan city, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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158
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Salivary biomarkers for detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma - current state and recent advances. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 1:133-141. [PMID: 24883261 DOI: 10.1007/s40496-014-0014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity. Detection of OSCC is currently based on thorough clinical oral examination combined with biopsy for histological analysis. Most cases of OSCC are not detected until the cancer has developed into advanced stages; thus, a reliable early stage diagnostic marker is needed. This literature review presents an overview of the status of current advances in salivary diagnostics for OSCC. Though many protein and mRNA salivary biomarkers have been identified that can detect OSCC with high sensitivity and specificity, the most discernable findings occur with the use of multiple markers. Studies that incorporate proteomic, transcriptomic, and potentially additional "omics", including methylomics, need to be initiated to bring technology to clinical applications and allow the best use of saliva in diagnosing OSCC.
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159
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Nie S, Henley WH, Miller SE, Zhang H, Mayer KM, Dennis PJ, Oblath EA, Alarie JP, Wu Y, Oppenheim FG, Little FF, Uluer AZ, Wang P, Ramsey JM, Walt DR. An automated integrated platform for rapid and sensitive multiplexed protein profiling using human saliva samples. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:1087-98. [PMID: 24448498 PMCID: PMC3996899 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51303c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, saliva has emerged as a potentially ideal diagnostic biofluid for noninvasive testing. In this paper, we present an automated, integrated platform useable by minimally trained personnel in the field for the diagnosis of respiratory diseases using human saliva as a sample specimen. In this platform, a saliva sample is loaded onto a disposable microfluidic chip containing all the necessary reagents and components required for saliva analysis. The chip is then inserted into the automated analyzer, the SDReader, where multiple potential protein biomarkers for respiratory diseases are measured simultaneously using a microsphere-based array via fluorescence sandwich immunoassays. The results are read optically, and the images are analyzed by a custom-designed algorithm. The fully automated assay requires as little as 10 μL of saliva sample, and the results are reported in 70 min. The performance of the platform was characterized by testing protein standard solutions, and the results were comparable to those from the 3.5 h lab bench assay that we have previously reported. The device was also deployed in two clinical environments where 273 human saliva samples collected from different subjects were successfully tested, demonstrating the device's potential to assist clinicians with the diagnosis of respiratory diseases by providing timely protein biomarker profiling information. This platform, which combines noninvasive sample collection and fully automated analysis, can also be utilized in point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Nie
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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160
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Sperber GH, Sperber SM. The genesis of craniofacial biology as a health science discipline. Aust Dent J 2014; 59 Suppl 1:6-12. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - SM Sperber
- University of Colorado; Denver Colorado USA
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161
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Vitorino R, Ferreira R, Caseiro A, Amado F. Salivary Peptidomics Targeting Clinical Applications. COMPREHENSIVE ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62650-9.00009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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162
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Liljestrand JM, Gursoy UK, Hyvärinen K, Sorsa T, Suominen AL, Könönen E, Pussinen PJ. Combining Salivary Pathogen and Serum Antibody Levels Improves Their Diagnostic Ability in Detection of Periodontitis. J Periodontol 2014; 85:123-31. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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163
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Residual Salivary Secretion Ability May Be a Useful Marker for Differential Diagnosis in Autoimmune Diseases. DISEASE MARKERS 2014; 2014:534261. [PMID: 25506119 PMCID: PMC4258368 DOI: 10.1155/2014/534261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background. We have elucidated decreased resting salivary flow in approximately 60% of patients with autoimmune diseases not complicated by Sjögren syndrome (SjS). In this study, salivary stimulation tests using capsaicin were performed to examine residual salivary secretion ability in patients with autoimmune diseases. Materials and Methods. Fifty-eight patients were divided into three groups: patients with primary or secondary SjS (SjS group), patients with systemic sclerosis not complicated by SjS (SSc group), and patients with other autoimmune diseases (non-SjS/non-SSc group). Simple filter paper and filter paper containing capsaicin were used to evaluate salivary flow rates. Results. Resting salivary flow rates were significantly lower in the SjS and SSc groups than in the non-SjS/non-SSc group but did not differ significantly between the SjS and SSc groups. Capsaicin-stimulated salivary flow rates were significantly lower in the SjS and SSc groups than in the non-SjS/non-SSc group, but not significantly different between the SjS and SSc groups. In the non-SjS/non-SSc group, salivary flow rates increased after capsaicin stimulation to the threshold level for determination of salivary gland dysfunction, whereas no improvement was observed in the SjS and SSc groups. Conclusion. Residual salivary secretion ability may be a useful marker for differential diagnosis in autoimmune diseases.
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164
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Rajkumar K, Ramya R, Nandhini G, Rajashree P, Ramesh Kumar A, Nirmala Anandan S. Salivary and serum level of
CYFRA
21‐1 in oral precancer and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Dis 2013; 21:90-6. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Rajkumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial pathology SRM Dental College SRM University Chennai India
| | - R Ramya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial pathology SRM Dental College SRM University Chennai India
| | - G Nandhini
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial pathology SRM Dental College SRM University Chennai India
| | - P Rajashree
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial pathology SRM Dental College SRM University Chennai India
| | - A Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial pathology SRM Dental College SRM University Chennai India
| | - S Nirmala Anandan
- Department of Biochemistry SRM Dental College SRM University Chennai India
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165
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Wang Q, Gao P, Cheng F, Wang X, Duan Y. Measurement of salivary metabolite biomarkers for early monitoring of oral cancer with ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Talanta 2013; 119:299-305. [PMID: 24401418 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to set-up an ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS) method for the determination of salivary L-phenylalanine and L-leucine for early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In addition, the diagnostic accuracy for both biomarkers was established by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Mean recoveries of l-phenylalanine and L-leucine ranged from 88.9 to 108.6% were obtained. Intra- and inter-day precision for both amino acids was less than 7%, with acceptable accuracy. Linear regression coefficients of both biomarkers were greater than 0.99. The diagnostic accuracy for both biomarkers was established by analyzing 60 samples from apparently healthy individuals and 30 samples from OSCC patients. Both potential biomarkers demonstrated significant differences in concentrations in distinguishing OSCC from control (P<0.05). As a single biomarker, L-leucine might have better predictive power in OSCC with T1-2 (early stage of OSCC including stage I and II), and L-phenylalanine might be used for screening and diagnosis of OSCC with T3-4 (advanced stage of OSCC including stage III and IV). The combination of L-phenylalanine and L-leucine will improve the sensitivity (92.3%) and specificity (91.7%) for early diagnosis of OSCC. The possibility of salivary metabolite biomarkers for OSCC diagnosis is successfully demonstrated in this study. This developed method shows advantages with non-invasive, simple, reliable, and also provides lower detection limits and excellent precision and accuracy. These non-invasive salivary biomarkers may lead to a simple clinical tool for the early diagnosis of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Wang
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical & Testing Centre, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Pan Gao
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Fei Cheng
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical & Testing Centre, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical & Testing Centre, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China.
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166
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Human saliva-based quantitative monitoring of clarithromycin by flow injection chemiluminescence analysis: a pharmacokinetic study. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 172:1320-31. [PMID: 24166104 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0605-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Human saliva quantitative monitoring of clarithromycin (CLA) by chemiluminescence (CL) with flow injection analysis was proposed for the first time, which was based on the quenching effect of CLA on luminol-bovine serum albumin (BSA) CL system with a linear range from 7.5 × 10(-4) to 2.0 ng/ml. This proposed approach, offering a maximum sample throughput of 100 h(-1), was successfully applied to the quantitative monitoring of CLA levels in human saliva during 24 h after a single oral dose of 250 mg intake, with recoveries of 95.2 ∼ 109.0% and relative standard deviations lower than 6.5 % (N = 7). Results showed that CLA reached maximum concentration of 2.28 ± 0.02 μg/ml at approximately 3 h, and the total elimination ratio was 99.6 % in 24 h. The pharmacokinetic parameters including absorption rate constant (0.058 ± 0.006 h(-1)), elimination rate constant (0.149 ± 0.009 h(-1)) and elimination half-life time (4.66 ± 0.08 h) were obtained. A comparison of human saliva and urine monitoring was also given. The mechanism study of BSA-CLA interaction revealed the binding of CLA to BSA is an entropy driven and spontaneous process through hydrophobic interaction, with binding constant K BSA-CLA of 4.78 × 10(6) l/mol and the number of binding sites n of 0.82 by flow injection-chemiluminescence model. Molecular docking analysis further showed CLA might be in subdomain IIA of BSA, with K BSA-CLA of 6.82 × 10(5) l/mol and ΔG of -33.28 kJ/mol.
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167
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Wang Q, Gao P, Wang X, Duan Y. Investigation and identification of potential biomarkers in human saliva for the early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 427:79-85. [PMID: 24144867 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancer is 1 of the 6 most common human cancers, with an annual incidence of >300,000 cases worldwide. This study aimed to investigate potential biomarkers in human saliva to facilitate the early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS Unstimulated whole saliva obtained from OSCC patients (n=30) and apparently healthy individuals (n=30) were assayed with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) in hydrophilic interaction chromatography mode. The data were analyzed using a nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test, logistic regression, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) to evaluate the predictive power of each of 4 biomarkers, or combinations of biomarkers, for OSCC screening. RESULTS Four potential salivary biomarkers demonstrated significant differences (P<0.05) in concentrations between patients at stages I-II and the healthy individuals. The area under the curve (AUC) values in control vs OSCC I-II mode based on choline, betaine, pipecolinic acid, and l-carnitine were 0.926, 0.759, 0.994, and 0.708, respectively. Four salivary biomarkers in combination yielded satisfactory accuracy (0.997), sensitivity (100%), and specificity (96.7%) in distinguishing OSCC I-II from control. CONCLUSIONS Salivary metabolite biomarkers for the early diagnosis of OSCC were verified in this study. The proposed approach is expected to be applied as a potential technique of preclinical screening of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Wang
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical & Testing Centre, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
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168
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Principe S, Hui ABY, Bruce J, Sinha A, Liu FF, Kislinger T. Tumor-derived exosomes and microvesicles in head and neck cancer: Implications for tumor biology and biomarker discovery. Proteomics 2013; 13:1608-23. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Principe
- Ontario Cancer Institute; University Health Network; Toronto Canada
| | | | - Jeff Bruce
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto; Toronto Canada
| | - Ankit Sinha
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto; Toronto Canada
| | - Fei-Fei Liu
- Ontario Cancer Institute; University Health Network; Toronto Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto; Toronto Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University of Toronto; Toronto Canada
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Ontario Cancer Institute; University Health Network; Toronto Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto; Toronto Canada
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169
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Messadi DV. Diagnostic aids for detection of oral precancerous conditions. Int J Oral Sci 2013; 5:59-65. [PMID: 23743617 PMCID: PMC3707069 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2013.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer has a tendency to be detected at late stage which is detrimental to the patients because of its high mortality and morbidity rates. Early detection of oral cancer is therefore important to reduce the burden of this devastating disease. In this review article, the most common oral precancerous lesions are discussed and the importance of early diagnosis is emphasized. In addition, the most common non-invasive oral cancer devices that can aid the general practitioners in early diagnosis are also discussed.
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170
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Matse JH, Yoshizawa J, Wang X, Elashoff D, Bolscher JGM, Veerman ECI, Bloemena E, Wong DTW. Discovery and prevalidation of salivary extracellular microRNA biomarkers panel for the noninvasive detection of benign and malignant parotid gland tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:3032-8. [PMID: 23575476 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-3505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to explore the differences in salivary microRNA (miRNA) profiles between patients with malignant or benign parotid gland tumors as a potential preoperative diagnostic tool of tumors in the salivary glands. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Whole saliva samples from patients with malignant (n = 38) or benign (n = 29) parotid gland tumors were obtained from the Salivary Gland Tumor Biorepository (SGTB). After total RNA isolation, human miRNA cards were used for miRNA profiling. The differential miRNA expression was analyzed using two-sided Wilcoxon test. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to validate selected miRNAs in an independent sample set. Receiver-operating characteristics curve and probability of malignancy was exploited to evaluate the diagnostic power of the validated miRNAs. RESULTS With miRNA profiling, 57 of 750 investigated miRNAs were differently expressed, of which 54 showed higher miRNA expression in samples from patients with malignant tumors than those from patients with benign tumors. Validating the expression in an independent sample set of 9 miRNAs revealed indeed higher expression of miRNAs in malignant samples compared with benign samples. The expression of 6 validated miRNAs was statistically significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). A four miRNA combination was able to discriminate between saliva samples from patients with malignant tumors from those of patients with benign parotid gland tumors (sensitivity 69%, specificity 95%). CONCLUSIONS Salivary miRNA profiles differ in saliva from patients with malignant from saliva from patients with a benign parotid gland tumor. These preliminary results are promising to develop a noninvasive diagnostic tool for diagnosing tumors in the salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes H Matse
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam/VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
BACKGROUND and Overview The use of salivary diagnostics continues to develop and advance the field of risk determination for periodontal diseases. Researchers are investigating genetic, microbial and protein biomarkers with the objective of translating findings to such aspects of clinical care as broad patient screening, monitoring and treatment planning. METHODS /st> In this review, the author briefly explores currently available salivary diagnostics used to identify bacteria prevalent in periodontal disease, and focuses on the future development and use of a variety of rapid disease detection platforms, such as lab-on-a-chip, as a point-of-care device for identification of patients' risk. CONCLUSIONS and CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS /st> Several diagnostic tests are commercially available, and point-of-care tests are under development. However, challenges remain regarding the introduction of these technologies to clinical practice and adoption by dental practitioners for promotion of personalized oral health care.
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172
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Tan X, Song Z. Continuous, quantitative monitoring of roxithromycin in human saliva by flow injection chemiluminescence analysis. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 67:54-58. [PMID: 23317671 DOI: 10.1366/12-06644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Human saliva quantitative monitoring of roxithromycin (ROX) at picomolar-level by flow injection (FI) chemiluminescence (CL) analysis is described for the first time, to our knowledge. Monitoring was based on the CL intensity from luminol-BSA reaction, which can be quenched in the presence of ROX, with the decreasing CL intensity linearly proportional to the logarithm of the ROX concentration, ranging from 0.6 to 1000 pmol·L(-1). The detection limit of the proposed method for the determination of ROX was as low as 0.2 pmol·L(-1) (3σ), and the relative standard deviations were less than 4.0% (n = 7). A complete analytical process, including sampling and washing for ROX determination, conducted at a flow rate of 2.0 mL·min(-1), was performed completely within 30 s, yielding a sample efficiency of 120 h(-1). The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of ROX in human saliva and serum samples with recoveries from 90.9% to 110.1%. The continuous monitoring of ROX in human saliva after oral intake showed that the total elimination ratio was 87.1% during 24 h, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were 0.97 ± 0.18 h(-1) for the absorption rate constant K(a), 0.082 ± 0.010 h(-1) for the elimination rate constant K(e), and 8.56 ± 1.11 h for the elimination half-life time t(1/2). It was also found that ROX in human saliva and urine simultaneously reached the maximum at 2 h with the concentration correlate ratio of 0.97.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijuan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule, Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
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Wang H, Bie Z, Lü C, Liu Z. Magnetic nanoparticles with dendrimer-assisted boronate avidity for the selective enrichment of trace glycoproteins. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc51623g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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174
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Bonne NJ, Wong DT. Salivary biomarker development using genomic, proteomic and metabolomic approaches. Genome Med 2012; 4:82. [PMID: 23114182 PMCID: PMC3580451 DOI: 10.1186/gm383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of saliva as a diagnostic sample provides a non-invasive, cost-efficient method of sample collection for disease screening without the need for highly trained professionals. Saliva collection is far more practical and safe compared with invasive methods of sample collection, because of the infection risk from contaminated needles during, for example, blood sampling. Furthermore, the use of saliva could increase the availability of accurate diagnostics for remote and impoverished regions. However, the development of salivary diagnostics has required technical innovation to allow stabilization and detection of analytes in the complex molecular mixture that is saliva. The recent development of cost-effective room temperature analyte stabilization methods, nucleic acid pre-amplification techniques and direct saliva transcriptomic analysis have allowed accurate detection and quantification of transcripts found in saliva. Novel protein stabilization methods have also facilitated improved proteomic analyses. Although candidate biomarkers have been discovered using epigenetic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic approaches, transcriptomic analyses have so far achieved the most progress in terms of sensitivity and specificity, and progress towards clinical implementation. Here, we review recent developments in salivary diagnostics that have been accomplished using genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai J Bonne
- School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, 650 Charles Young Drive, CHS 73-032, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David Tw Wong
- School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, 650 Charles Young Drive, CHS 73-032, Los Angeles, California, USA
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