151
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Kang XD, Zheng Y, Chen WG, Cheng M, Zhang D. Effects of HPV16E6 transfection on the biological behavior of Eca109 and Eca9706 cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:1646-1654. [PMID: 29434860 PMCID: PMC5776922 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of HPV16E6 gene integration on the biological behavior of Eca109 and Eca9706 cells. This was evaluated through positive liposome transfection of HPV16E6 into Eca109 cells and Eca9706 cells. The transfection efficiency was evaluated by calculating the ratio of fluorescent cells to total cells. After stable screening, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to detect the target gene and HPV16E6mRNA inside the cells. The distribution of HPV16E6 in esophageal carcinoma cells was observed by immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. A CCK-8 assay was performed to detect cell proliferation. The migration rate was measured by a wound healing assay, and a Transwell Matrigel invasion assay was used to detect invasive ability. The results of RT-PCR, immunofluorescence and western blot analyses indicated that HPV16E6 gene was expressed in the target group. The proliferation rates and clone group numbers were significantly higher in HPV16E6-transfected cell groups compared with nonsense-transfected (negative control) cell groups. The wound healing and Transwell invasion assays indicated that the migration rate and invasive ability were also significantly higher in the HPV16E6-transfected cell groups compared with negative control groups. In conclusion, Eca109 and Eca9706 cell lines with integration of HPV16E6 were successfully established in the present study. It was demonstrated that HPV16E6 expression enhanced the proliferation and migration of esophageal cancer cells. HPV16E6 may serve a key function in the occurrence and development of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Dan Kang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Gang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Min Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
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152
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Lafaurie GI, Perdomo SJ, Buenahora MR, Amaya S, Díaz-Báez D. Human papilloma virus: An etiological and prognostic factor for oral cancer? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 9:e12313. [DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria I. Lafaurie
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigation, School of Dentistry, El Bosque University; Bogotá Colombia
| | - Sandra J. Perdomo
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigation, School of Dentistry, El Bosque University; Bogotá Colombia
| | - María R. Buenahora
- Unit of Oral Clinical Epidemiology; School of Dentistry, El Bosque University; Bogotá Colombia
| | - Sandra Amaya
- School of Dentistry, University of Valle; Cali Colombia
| | - David Díaz-Báez
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigation, School of Dentistry, El Bosque University; Bogotá Colombia
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153
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Computed Tomography-Based Texture Analysis to Determine Human Papillomavirus Status of Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2018; 42:299-305. [DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000000682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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154
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Grattan K, Kubrak C, Caine V, O’Connell DA, Olson K. Experiences of Head and Neck Cancer Patients in Middle Adulthood: Consequences and Coping. Glob Qual Nurs Res 2018; 5:2333393618760337. [PMID: 29568793 PMCID: PMC5858616 DOI: 10.1177/2333393618760337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The head and neck cancer (HNC) rate is rising among the middle-aged adult population. This trend has been attributed primarily to human papillomavirus exposure. An HNC diagnosis and its complex treatments may trigger life-changing physical, emotional, and social consequences. An interpretive descriptive study was conducted to describe the experiences of a purposive sample of 10 middle-aged adults who had experienced HNC. Two main themes were identified: consequences of HNC and coping with HNC. Subthemes of consequences of HNC included: voicelessness; being or looking sick; shifts in family dynamics; and sexual practices, sexual feelings, and stigma. Subthemes of coping with HNC included seeking information, discovering inner strengths, relying on a support network, establishing a sense of normalcy, and finding meaning within the experience. Supportive nursing interventions were identified by considering results from the standpoint of King's theory of goal attainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Grattan
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- St. Joseph’s Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Vera Caine
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Karin Olson
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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155
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Abstract
Human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV-OPSCC) comprises approximately 25% of all head and neck cancers (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, HNSCC). Epidemiologic studies have shown a dramatic increase of HPV-OPSCC in the past 2 decades, whereas tobacco-related HNSCC rates are decreasing worldwide. The distinctions between HPV-OPSCC and oral cavity cancers are now reflected in the most recent editions of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Head and Neck and the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual, respectively. This review describes current understanding of the link between HPV infection and OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Imai Tanaka
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Robert Schattner Center #215, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Faizan Alawi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, 328B, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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156
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Verduci L, Ferraiuolo M, Sacconi A, Ganci F, Vitale J, Colombo T, Paci P, Strano S, Macino G, Rajewsky N, Blandino G. The oncogenic role of circPVT1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is mediated through the mutant p53/YAP/TEAD transcription-competent complex. Genome Biol 2017; 18:237. [PMID: 29262850 PMCID: PMC5738800 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-017-1368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs are a class of endogenous RNAs with various functions in eukaryotic cells. Worthy of note, circular RNAs play a critical role in cancer. Currently, nothing is known about their role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The identification of circular RNAs in HNSCC might become useful for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in HNSCC. RESULTS Using samples from 115 HNSCC patients, we find that circPVT1 is over-expressed in tumors compared to matched non-tumoral tissues, with particular enrichment in patients with TP53 mutations. circPVT1 up- and down-regulation determine, respectively, an increase and a reduction of the malignant phenotype in HNSCC cell lines. We show that circPVT1 expression is transcriptionally enhanced by the mut-p53/YAP/TEAD complex. circPVT1 acts as an oncogene modulating the expression of miR-497-5p and genes involved in the control of cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS This study shows the oncogenic role of circPVT1 in HNSCC, extending current knowledge about the role of circular RNAs in cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/metabolism
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/mortality
- Humans
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Models, Biological
- Multiprotein Complexes
- Mutation
- Oncogenes/genetics
- Phenotype
- Phosphoproteins/genetics
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Binding
- RNA
- RNA Transport
- RNA, Circular
- RNA, Long Noncoding/blood
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
- Transcription Factors
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- YAP-Signaling Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Verduci
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Italian National Cancer Institute, "Regina Elena", 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Ferraiuolo
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Italian National Cancer Institute, "Regina Elena", 00144, Rome, Italy
- Molecular Chemoprevention Unit, Italian National Cancer Institute, "Regina Elena", 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Sacconi
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Italian National Cancer Institute, "Regina Elena", 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Ganci
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Italian National Cancer Institute, "Regina Elena", 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Jlenia Vitale
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Italian National Cancer Institute, "Regina Elena", 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Colombo
- Institute for Computing Applications "Mauro Picone", National Research Council, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Paci
- Institute for System Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Strano
- Molecular Chemoprevention Unit, Italian National Cancer Institute, "Regina Elena", 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Macino
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, La Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Nikolaus Rajewsky
- Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, D-13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Italian National Cancer Institute, "Regina Elena", 00144, Rome, Italy.
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157
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D'Souza W, Saranath D. OMICS, Oral Cancer Molecular Landscapes, and Clinical Practice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 21:689-703. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2017.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy D'Souza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed-to-be) University, Mumbai, India
| | - Dhananjaya Saranath
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed-to-be) University, Mumbai, India
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158
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Boscolo-Rizzo P, Furlan C, Lupato V, Polesel J, Fratta E. Novel insights into epigenetic drivers of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: role of HPV and lifestyle factors. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:124. [PMID: 29209433 PMCID: PMC5704592 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0424-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last years, the explosion of high throughput sequencing technologies has enabled epigenome-wide analyses, allowing a more comprehensive overview of the oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) epigenetic landscape. In this setting, the cellular pathways contributing to the neoplastic phenotype, including cell cycle regulation, cell signaling, DNA repair, and apoptosis have been demonstrated to be potential targets of epigenetic alterations in OPSCC. Of note, it has becoming increasingly clear that HPV infection and OPSCC lifestyle risk factors differently drive the epigenetic machinery in cancer cells. Epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA expression, can be used as powerful and reliable tools for early diagnosis of OPSCC patients and improve prognostication. Since epigenetic changes are dynamic and reversible, epigenetic enzymes may also represent suitable targets for the development of more effective OPSCC therapeutic strategies. Thus, this review will focus on the main known epigenetic modifications that can occur in OPSCC and their exploitation as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Furthermore, we will address epigenetic alterations to OPSCC risk factors, with a particular focus on HPV infection, tobacco exposure, and heavy alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Department of Neurosciences, ENT Clinic and Regional Center for Head and Neck Cancer, Treviso Regional Hospital, University of Padova, Treviso, Italy
| | - Carlo Furlan
- Division of Radiotherapy, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN Italy
| | - Valentina Lupato
- Unit of Otolaryngology, General Hospital “S. Maria degli Angeli”, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Jerry Polesel
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN Italy
| | - Elisabetta Fratta
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN Italy
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159
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Differences in incidence and survival of oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers between Germany and the United States depend on the HPV-association of the cancer site. Oral Oncol 2017; 76:8-15. [PMID: 29290288 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The epidemiology of squamous cell oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers (OCPC) has changed rapidly during the last years, possibly due to an increase of human papilloma virus (HPV) positive tumors and successes in tobacco prevention. Here, we compare incidence and survival of OCPC by HPV-relation of the site in Germany and the United States (US). MATERIALS AND METHODS Age-standardized and age-specific incidence and 5-year relative survival was estimated using data from population-based cancer registries in Germany and the US Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) 13 database. Incidence was estimated for each year between 1999 and 2013. Relative survival for 2002-2005, 2006-2009, and 2010-2013 was estimated using period analysis. RESULTS The datasets included 52,787 and 48,861 cases with OCPC diagnosis between 1997 and 2013 in Germany and the US. Incidence was much higher in Germany compared to the US for HPV-unrelated OCPC and more recently also for HPV-related OCPC in women. Five-year relative survival differences between Germany and the US were small for HPV-unrelated OCPC. For HPV-related OCPC, men had higher survival in the US (62.1%) than in Germany (45.4%) in 2010-2013. These differences increased over time and were largest in younger patients and stage IV disease without metastasis. In contrast, women had comparable survival for HPV-related OCPC in both countries. CONCLUSIONS Strong survival differences between Germany and the US were observed for HPV-related OCPC in men, which might be explained by differences in HPV-attributable proportions. Close monitoring of the epidemiology of OCPC in each country is needed.
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160
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Rasmussen CL, Sand FL, Hoffmann Frederiksen M, Kaae Andersen K, Kjaer SK. Does HPV status influence survival after vulvar cancer? Int J Cancer 2017; 142:1158-1165. [PMID: 29090456 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is essential in the carcinogenesis of a substantial part of anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers and has additionally been shown to be a possible predictive marker for survival, especially in oropharyngeal cancer. Studies examining the influence of HPV status on survival after vulvar cancer have been conflicting and limited by small study populations. Therefore, the aim of this review and meta-analysis was to examine whether HPV status influences survival after vulvar cancer, which, to our knowledge, has not been done before. We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase to identify studies examining survival after histologically verified and HPV tested vulvar cancer. A total of 18 studies were eligible for inclusion. Study-specific and pooled HRs of the 5-year OS and DFS were calculated using a fixed effects model. The I2 statistic was used to describe heterogeneity. The studies included a total of 1,638 women with HPV tested vulvar cancers of which 541 and 1,097 were HPV-positive and HPV-negative, respectively. Fifteen studies included only squamous cell carcinomas. We found a pooled HR of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.48-0.77) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.57-1.00) for 5-year OS and DFS, respectively. Across study heterogeneity was moderate to high (OS: I2 = 51%; DFS: I2 = 73%). In conclusion, women with HPV-positive vulvar cancers have a superior survival compared to women with HPV-negative, which could be of great clinical interest and provides insight into the differences in the natural history of HPV-positive and negative vulvar cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Freja Laerke Sand
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Klaus Kaae Andersen
- Unit of Statistics and Pharmacoepidemiology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne K Kjaer
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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161
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Razzaghi H, Saraiya M, Thompson TD, Henley SJ, Viens L, Wilson R. Five-year relative survival for human papillomavirus-associated cancer sites. Cancer 2017; 124:203-211. [PMID: 29105738 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines can potentially prevent greater than 90% of cervical and anal cancers as well as a substantial proportion of vulvar, vaginal, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers caused by certain HPV types. Because more than 38,000 HPV-associated cancers are diagnosed annually in the United States, current studies are needed to understand how relative survival varies for each of these cancers by certain demographic characteristics, such as race and age. METHODS The authors examined high-quality data from 27 population-based cancer registries covering approximately 59% of the US population. The analyses were limited to invasive cancers that were diagnosed during 2001 through 2011 and followed through 2011 and met specified histologic criteria for HPV-associated cancers. Five-year relative survival was calculated from diagnosis until death for these cancers by age, race, and sex. RESULTS The 5-year age-standardized relative survival rate was 64.2% for cervical carcinomas, 52.8% for vaginal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), 66% for vulvar SCCs, 47.4% for penile SCCs, 65.9% for anal SCCs, 56.2% for rectal SCCs, and 51.2% for oropharyngeal SCCs. Five-year relative survival was consistently higher among white patients compared with black patients for all HPV-associated cancers across all age groups; the greatest differences by race were observed for oropharyngeal SCCs among those aged <60 years and for penile SCCs among those ages 40 to 49 years compared with other age groups. CONCLUSIONS There are large disparities in relative survival among patients with HPV-associated cancers by sex, race, and age. HPV vaccination and improved access to screening (of cancers for which screening tests are available) and treatment, especially among groups that experience higher incidence and lower survival, may reduce disparities in survival from HPV-associated cancers. Cancer 2018;124:203-211. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Razzaghi
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.,Epidemic Intelligence Service Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mona Saraiya
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Trevor D Thompson
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - S Jane Henley
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Laura Viens
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Reda Wilson
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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162
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Biesaga B, Mucha-Małecka A, Janecka-Widła A, Kołodziej-Rzepa M, Szostek S, Słonina D, Kowalczyk A, Halaszka K, Przewoźnik M. Differences in the prognosis of HPV16-positive patients with squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck according to viral load and expression of P16. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 144:63-73. [PMID: 29043437 PMCID: PMC5756549 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the impact of HPV16 load (VL—the number of virus genome copies per cell) and P16 expression on prognosis of patients with squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of head and neck (HN). Materials and methods HPV16 presence was assessed in the group of 109 patients with HNSCCs by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). VL (assessed by qPCR) and P16 expression (evaluated by immunohistochemistry) were analysed only in the subgroup of HPV16-positive tumours. These features were correlated with 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Results HPV16 infection was found in 36 tumours (33.0%). Virus-positive patients had better OS and DFS than those without infection (P = 0.041 and 0.005). Among HPV16-positive HNSCCs, 18 (50.0%) had higher VL (median value > 6764.3 copies/cell) and 25 (73.5%) P16 over expression. The significant differences in OS and DFS (P = 0.008 and 0.004) were noticed according to VL, wherein 100% DFS was found for patients with higher VL. According to P16 expression, significant difference was found only for OS (P = 0.020). In multivariate analysis, VL (P = 0.045; HR = 2.795; CI 0.121–1.060) and the level of smoking (P = 0.023, HR = 2.253; CI 1.124–4.514) were independent factors affecting DFS of HPV16-positive patients. Conclusion On the basis of viral load, it is possible to differentiate prognosis of patients with HPV16-positive HNSCCs. In this subgroup, viral load has stronger prognostic potential than P16 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Biesaga
- Department of Applied Radiobiology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Cracow Branch, 11 Garncarska Street, 31-115, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Anna Mucha-Małecka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Cracow Branch, 11 Garncarska Street, 31-115, Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Janecka-Widła
- Department of Applied Radiobiology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Cracow Branch, 11 Garncarska Street, 31-115, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marta Kołodziej-Rzepa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Cracow Branch, 11 Garncarska Street, 31-115, Cracow, Poland
| | - Sława Szostek
- Department of Virology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta Street, 31-121, Cracow, Poland
| | - Dorota Słonina
- Department of Applied Radiobiology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Cracow Branch, 11 Garncarska Street, 31-115, Cracow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kowalczyk
- Department of Applied Radiobiology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Cracow Branch, 11 Garncarska Street, 31-115, Cracow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Halaszka
- Department of Tumour Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Cracow Branch, 11 Garncarska Street, 31-115, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marcin Przewoźnik
- Department of Tumour Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Cracow Branch, 11 Garncarska Street, 31-115, Cracow, Poland
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163
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Upadhyay P, Gardi N, Desai S, Chandrani P, Joshi A, Dharavath B, Arora P, Bal M, Nair S, Dutt A. Genomic characterization of tobacco/nut chewing HPV-negative early stage tongue tumors identify MMP10 asa candidate to predict metastases. Oral Oncol 2017; 73:56-64. [PMID: 28939077 PMCID: PMC5628952 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nodal metastases status among early stage tongue squamous cell cancer patients plays a decisive role in the choice of treatment, wherein about 70% patients can be spared from surgery with an accurate prediction of negative pathological lymph node status. This underscores an unmet need for prognostic biomarkers to stratify the patients who are likely to develop metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed high throughput sequencing of fifty four samples derived from HPV negative early stage tongue cancer patients habitual of chewing betel nuts, areca nuts, lime or tobacco using whole exome (n=47) and transcriptome (n=17) sequencing that were analyzed using in-house computational tools. Additionally, gene expression meta-analyses were carried out for 253 tongue cancer samples. The candidate genes were validated using qPCR and immuno-histochemical analysis in an extended set of 50 early primary tongue cancer samples. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Somatic analysis revealed a classical tobacco mutational signature C:G>A:T transversion in 53% patients that were mutated in TP53, NOTCH1, CDKN2A, HRAS, USP6, PIK3CA, CASP8, FAT1, APC, and JAK1. Similarly, significant gains at genomic locus 11q13.3 (CCND1, FGF19, ORAOV1, FADD), 5p15.33 (SHANK2, MMP16, TERT), and 8q24.3 (BOP1); and, losses at 5q22.2 (APC), 6q25.3 (GTF2H2) and 5q13.2 (SMN1) were observed in these samples. Furthermore, an integrated gene-expression analysis of 253 tongue tumors suggested an upregulation of metastases-related pathways and over-expression of MMP10 in 48% tumors that may be crucial to predict nodal metastases in early tongue cancer patients. In overall, we present the first descriptive portrait of somatic alterations underlying the genome of tobacco/nut chewing HPV-negative early tongue cancer, and identify MMP10 asa potential prognostic biomarker to stratify those likely to develop metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Upadhyay
- Integrated Genomics Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Nilesh Gardi
- Integrated Genomics Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Sanket Desai
- Integrated Genomics Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Pratik Chandrani
- Integrated Genomics Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Asim Joshi
- Integrated Genomics Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Bhaskar Dharavath
- Integrated Genomics Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Priyanca Arora
- Division of Head and Neck Oncology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Munita Bal
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Sudhir Nair
- Division of Head and Neck Oncology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Amit Dutt
- Integrated Genomics Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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Kato MG, Ellis MA, Nguyen SA, Day TA. Predictors of contralateral-bilateral nodal disease in oropharyngeal cancer: A National Cancer Data Base Study. Head Neck 2017; 40:338-348. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.24964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masanari G. Kato
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston South Carolina
- Stony Brook University School of Medicine; Stony Brook New York
| | - Mark A. Ellis
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston South Carolina
| | - Shaun A. Nguyen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston South Carolina
| | - Terry A. Day
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston South Carolina
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165
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Fossum GH, Lie AK, Jebsen P, Sandlie LE, Mork J. Human papillomavirus in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in South-Eastern Norway: prevalence, genotype, and survival. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 274:4003-4010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-017-4748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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166
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Qendri V, Bogaards JA, Berkhof J. Health and Economic Impact of a Tender-Based, Sex-Neutral Human Papillomavirus 16/18 Vaccination Program in the Netherlands. J Infect Dis 2017; 216:210-219. [PMID: 28586466 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Uptake of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine among girls in the Dutch immunization program has plateaued at around 60%. Vaccinating boys may be an appealing complementary strategy for the prevention of HPV-related diseases, especially since tender negotiations and reduced dosing schemes have driven down the cost of vaccination. Methods We expanded a previously published Bayesian synthesis framework to account for all vaccine type-related cancers and herd immunity effects from vaccinating girls and boys. We evaluated the efficiency of vaccinating boys relative to increasing vaccine uptake among girls and assessed the cost-effectiveness of a sex-neutral program. Results Vaccinating 40% of boys along with 60% of girls yielded the same gain in life-years (LYs) as increasing the uptake in girls from 60% to 80%. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of vaccinating boys was €9134/LY (95% credible interval [CrI], €7323/LY-€11231/LY) under 3% discounting. The ceiling vaccination costs at which the ICER remained below the per capita gross domestic product threshold was €240 (95% CrI, €200-€280) per vaccinated boy. If girls' uptake increased to 90%, the ceiling costs decreased to €70 (95% CrI, €40-€100) per vaccinated boy. Conclusions Vaccinating boys along with girls is only modestly less efficient than increasing uptake among girls and highly likely to be cost-effective under current vaccine costs and uptake in the Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venetia Qendri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | - Johannes A Bogaards
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam.,Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes Berkhof
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
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167
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Caution is required in the implementation of 90-day mortality indicators for radiotherapy in a curative setting: A retrospective population-based analysis of over 16,000 episodes. Radiother Oncol 2017; 125:140-146. [PMID: 28844331 PMCID: PMC5648077 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2017.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background 90-day mortality (90 DM) has been proposed as a clinical indicator in radiotherapy delivered in a curative setting. No large scale assessment has been made. Its value in allowing robust comparisons between centres and facilitating service improvement is unknown. Methods All radiotherapy treatments delivered in a curative setting over seven years were extracted from the local electronic health record and linked to cancer registry data. 90 DM rates were assessed and factors associated with this outcome were investigated using logistic regression. Cause of death was identified retrospectively further characterising the cause of 90 DM. Results Overall 90 DM was 1.25%. Levels varied widely with diagnosis (0.20–5.45%). Age (OR 1.066, 1.043–1.073), year of treatment (OR 0.900, 0.841–0.969) and diagnosis were significantly associated with 90 DM on multi-variable logistic regression. Cause of death varied with diagnosis; 50.0% post-operative in rectal cancer, 40.4% treatment-related in head and neck cancer, 59.4% disease progression in lung cancer. Conclusion Despite the drive to report centre level comparative outcomes, this study demonstrates that 90 DM cannot be adopted routinely as a clinical indicator due to significant population heterogeneity and low event rates. Further national investigation is needed to develop a meaningful robust indicator to deliver appropriate comparisons and drive improvements in care.
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168
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Yin B, Liu W, Yu P, Liu C, Chen Y, Duan X, Liao Z, Chen Y, Wang X, Pan X, Tao Z. Association between human papillomavirus and prostate cancer: A meta-analysis. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1855-1865. [PMID: 28789421 PMCID: PMC5529902 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Observational studies have suggested an association between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the risk of prostate cancer (PCa). However, the association between HPV infection and the risk of PCa remains unclear. The aim of the present meta-analysis study was to investigate whether HPV serves a role in increasing the risk of PCa. Relevant previous studies up to May 2015 were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Wan Fang database and China Biomedical Literature Database. A random-effects model or fixed-effects model was employed to determine odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), when appropriate. Heterogeneity was evaluated using Q and I2 statistical analysis. A total of 24 case-control studies involving 971 patients and 1,085 controls were investigated to estimate the association between HPV infection and PCa risk. The pooled estimate for OR was 2.27 (95% CI, 1.40-3.69). Stratified pooled analyses were subsequently performed according to the HPV detection methods, geographical regions, publication years and types of tissue. Sensitivity analysis based on various exclusion criteria maintained the significance with respect to PCa individually. Little evidence of publication bias was observed. The meta-analysis suggested that HPV infection is associated with increasing risk of PCa, which indicated a potential pathogenetic link between HPV and PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Pan Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xiuzhi Duan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoping Liao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yuhua Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xuchu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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169
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Gatta G, Capocaccia R, Botta L, Mallone S, De Angelis R, Ardanaz E, Comber H, Dimitrova N, Leinonen MK, Siesling S, van der Zwan JM, Van Eycken L, Visser O, Žakelj MP, Anderson LA, Bella F, Kaire I, Otter R, Stiller CA, Trama A. Burden and centralised treatment in Europe of rare tumours: results of RARECAREnet-a population-based study. Lancet Oncol 2017; 18:1022-1039. [PMID: 28687376 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(17)30445-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rare cancers pose challenges for diagnosis, treatments, and clinical decision making. Information about rare cancers is scant. The RARECARE project defined rare cancers as those with an annual incidence of less than six per 100 000 people in European Union (EU). We updated the estimates of the burden of rare cancers in Europe, their time trends in incidence and survival, and provide information about centralisation of treatments in seven European countries. METHODS We analysed data from 94 cancer registries for more than 2 million rare cancer diagnoses, to estimate European incidence and survival in 2000-07 and the corresponding time trends during 1995-2007. Incidence was calculated as the number of new cases divided by the corresponding total person-years in the population. 5-year relative survival was calculated by the Ederer-2 method. Seven registries (Belgium, Bulgaria, Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, Slovenia, and the Navarra region in Spain) provided additional data for hospitals treating about 220 000 cases diagnosed in 2000-07. We also calculated hospital volume admission as the number of treatments provided by each hospital rare cancer group sharing the same referral pattern. FINDINGS Rare cancers accounted for 24% of all cancers diagnosed in the EU during 2000-07. The overall incidence rose annually by 0.5% (99·8% CI 0·3-0·8). 5-year relative survival for all rare cancers was 48·5% (95% CI 48·4 to 48·6), compared with 63·4% (95% CI 63·3 to 63·4) for all common cancers. 5-year relative survival increased (overall 2·9%, 95% CI 2·7 to 3·2), from 1999-2001 to 2007-09, and for most rare cancers, with the largest increases for haematological tumours and sarcomas. The amount of centralisation of rare cancer treatment varied widely between cancers and between countries. The Netherlands and Slovenia had the highest treatment volumes. INTERPRETATION Our study benefits from the largest pool of population-based registries to estimate incidence and survival of about 200 rare cancers. Incidence trends can be explained by changes in known risk factors, improved diagnosis, and registration problems. Survival could be improved by early diagnosis, new treatments, and improved case management. The centralisation of treatment could be improved in the seven European countries we studied. FUNDING The European Commission (Chafea).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Gatta
- Evaluative Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Capocaccia
- Evaluative Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Botta
- Evaluative Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandra Mallone
- Centro Nazionale Prevenzione delle malattie e Promozione della Salute (CNAPPS) Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta De Angelis
- Dipartimento di Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | - Maarit K Leinonen
- Cancer Society of Finland, Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sabine Siesling
- Department of Research, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan M van der Zwan
- Department of Research, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Otto Visser
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maja P Žakelj
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Epidemiology and Cancer Registry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lesley A Anderson
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Francesca Bella
- Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuale, Catania, Italy
| | - Innos Kaire
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Renée Otter
- Belgian Cancer Center, Department of Public Health and Surveillance, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles A Stiller
- National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service, Public Health England, Oxford, UK
| | - Annalisa Trama
- Evaluative Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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170
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Reid PA, Wilson P, Li Y, Marcu LG, Bezak E. Current understanding of cancer stem cells: Review of their radiobiology and role in head and neck cancers. Head Neck 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.24848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ambrose Reid
- International Centre for Allied Health Evidence and Sansom Institute for Health Research; University of South Australia; Adelaide Australia
| | - Puthenparampil Wilson
- School of Engineering; University of South Australia; Adelaide Australia
- Department of Medical Physics; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide Australia
| | - Yanrui Li
- International Centre for Allied Health Evidence and Sansom Institute for Health Research; University of South Australia; Adelaide Australia
| | - Loredana Gabriela Marcu
- School of Physical Sciences; University of Adelaide; Adelaide Australia
- Faculty of Science; University of Oradea; Oradea Romania
| | - Eva Bezak
- International Centre for Allied Health Evidence and Sansom Institute for Health Research; University of South Australia; Adelaide Australia
- School of Physical Sciences; University of Adelaide; Adelaide Australia
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171
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miRNA-expression in tonsillar squamous cell carcinomas in relation to HPV infection and expression of the antileukoproteinase SLPI. PAPILLOMAVIRUS RESEARCH 2017; 4:26-34. [PMID: 29179866 PMCID: PMC5883217 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if micro-(mi-)RNAs are involved in the previously reported inverse correlation between the antileukoproteinase SLPI, HPV, and smoking habit of head and neck squamous cells carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. HPV-status and SLPI-protein expression were determined in tonsillar SCC (TSCC; n=126). Differentially expressed miRNAs dependent on HPV-status and SLPI-expression were detected by microarray; possible binding-sites in SLPI- and HPVE6-mRNAs were determined in silico. Survival rates were estimated testing prognostic values of HPV-status, SLPI- and miRNA-expression. miRNA-array identified 24 up-regulated and 10 down-regulated miRNAs in HPV-positive versus HPV-negative TSCC (p<0.01; HPV-positivity: 42.1%). HPV-positivity resulted in two up-regulated miRNAs in SLPI-positive TSCC. Of 16 further miRNAs, eight miRNAs were up- and eight were down-regulated in SLPI-negative TSCC. RT-q-PCR-validation of the four most differentially expressed miRNAs showed that miR-363 is expressed strongest in SLPI-negative/HPV-positive TSSC. In silico-analysis of all differentially expressed miRNAs identified miR-363, miR-210, miR-130a, and miR-181a with possible binding sites in the HPV16-E6-mRNA, but none were predicted in the SLPI-mRNA. HPV-positivity, low SLPI-levels and high miR-363-levels are significantly associated with better survival rates. The data presented here show that miR-363 is associated with HPV-positive/SPLI-negative TSCC. The prognostic value of miR-363 suggests a role in the assumed inverse correlation of smoking and SPLI-expression in the mode of HPV-infections in tonsillar but possibly also other HNSCC.
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172
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Furlan C, Polesel J, Barzan L, Franchin G, Sulfaro S, Romeo S, Colizzi F, Rizzo A, Baggio V, Giacomarra V, Dei Tos AP, Boscolo-Rizzo P, Vaccher E, Dolcetti R, Sigalotti L, Fratta E. Prognostic significance of LINE-1 hypomethylation in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:58. [PMID: 28572862 PMCID: PMC5450111 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0357-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inclusion of new biomarkers to improve a personalized treatment approach for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is urgently needed. Hypomethylation of the Long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) repetitive elements, a widely accepted surrogate of overall genomic DNA methylation content, was found to be associated with a poor prognosis in several cancers. At present, no studies have investigated the influence of LINE-1 methylation levels on OPSCC relapse. The main goal of this study was the evaluation of the prognostic value of LINE-1 methylation status in predicting early tumor relapse in locally advanced OPSCC. Methods We retrospectively reviewed a cohort of 77 patients with stage III–IVB OPSCC. Methylation of LINE-1 repetitive sequences was evaluated by real-time quantitative methylation-specific PCR in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. The prognostic relevance of LINE-1 methylation was assessed by comparing patients who relapsed within 2 years from the end of treatment (cases) with those who did not (controls). Results were validated in an independent cohort of 33 patients with OPSCC. Results With respect to early OPSCC relapse, the mean LINE-1 methylation level was significantly lower in relapsed cases than in control group (p < 0.01). Interestingly, LINE-1 methylation was lower in relapsed cases than in controls in both HPV16-negative and HPV16-positive OPSCC patients, even if statistical significance was reached only for the former group (p = 0.01). LINE-1 methylation levels were also significantly reduced in relapsed cases with respect to the controls in OPSCC current smokers (p = 0.02). Consistently, in HPV16-negative current smokers, OPSCC relapse was significantly associated with decreased levels of LINE-1 methylation (p = 0.02). Using logistic regression model, we found that patients with hypomethylated LINE-1 were associated with a 3.5 higher risk of early relapse than hypermethylated ones (OR = 3.51; 95% CI 1.03–12.00). Adjustment for potential confounders did not substantially change the risk magnitude. Results from the validation cohort confirmed the lower LINE-1 methylation in patients who early relapsed compared to relapse-free patients. Conclusions LINE-1 hypomethylation is associated with higher risk of early relapse in stage III–IVB OPSCC. Further validation in a prospective study is needed for its application in daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Furlan
- Division of Radiotherapy, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN Italy
| | - Jerry Polesel
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN Italy
| | - Luigi Barzan
- Department of Surgery, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN Italy
| | - Giovanni Franchin
- Division of Radiotherapy, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN Italy
| | - Sandro Sulfaro
- Division of Pathology, General Hospital "S. Maria degli Angeli", Pordenone, Italy
| | - Salvatore Romeo
- Department of Pathology, San Donà di Piave Hospital, San Donà di Piave, Italy
| | - Francesca Colizzi
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN Italy
| | - Aurora Rizzo
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN Italy
| | - Vittorio Baggio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Treviso Regional Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Vittorio Giacomarra
- Unit of Otolaryngology, General Hospital "S. Maria degli Angeli", Pordenone, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Department of Neurosciences, ENT Clinic and Regional Center for Head and Neck Cancer, Treviso Regional Hospital, University of Padua, Treviso, Italy
| | - Emanuela Vaccher
- Division of Medical Oncology A, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN Italy
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN Italy.,Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Luca Sigalotti
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN Italy.,Institute of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Fratta
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN Italy
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173
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Sims JR, Van Abel K, Martin EJ, Lohse CM, Price DL, Olsen KD, Moore EJ. Management of Recurrent and Metastatic HPV-Positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma after Transoral Robotic Surgery. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 157:69-76. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599817696304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective To describe management and oncologic outcomes for patients who develop locoregional recurrence (LRR) or distant metastasis (DM) following transoral robotic surgery for human papilloma virus (HPV)–positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Study Design Case series with chart review. Setting Tertiary care referral center. Subjects and Methods A total of 286 patients with HPV-positive OPSCC who underwent transoral robotic surgery–based treatment from May 2007 to May 2015. Results Of 286 patients (12.2%), 35 met inclusion criteria. Of these, 19 experienced an LRR and 16 developed a DM; 2 patients with LRR subsequently developed DM. In those patients with an LRR, 79% had T1/T2 tumors, and 47% had N0/N1 nodal disease, compared with 75% and 6% in the DM group, respectively. The median time to LRR or DM was 0.6 years (interquartile range [IQR], 0.4-1.0) and 1.8 years (IQR, 1.0-2.1), respectively. Salvage treatment with intent to cure was attempted in 23 patients (16 LRR, 7 DM). The median time from LRR or DM to last follow-up for the 18 patients who were still alive after salvage was 1.9 years (IQR, 0.4-3.8; range, 7 days–6.2 years). Estimated cancer-specific survival rates at 3 years following intent-to-cure treatment were 63% (95% CI, 39-100; number still at risk, 5) in the LRR group and 100% (95% CI, 100-100; number still at risk, 2) in the DM group. Conclusion Overall, LRR and DM for HPV-positive OPSCC following transoral robotic surgery–based therapy are infrequent. In our subset of patients who underwent intent-to-cure treatment, cancer-specific survival rates were favorable. Therefore, aggressive salvage treatment for LRR and DM for HPV-positive OPSCC should be recommended for appropriate candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Sims
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kathryn Van Abel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eliot J. Martin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christine M. Lohse
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel L. Price
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kerry D. Olsen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eric J. Moore
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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174
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Bagella P, Fiore V, Caruana G, Ortu S, Babudieri S, Madeddu G. Human Papilloma Virus Infections in Men: Focus on Vaccination and Treatment Options. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40506-017-0112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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175
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McDonald SA, Qendri V, Berkhof J, de Melker HE, Bogaards JA. Disease burden of human papillomavirus infection in the Netherlands, 1989-2014: the gap between females and males is diminishing. Cancer Causes Control 2017; 28:203-214. [PMID: 28213874 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-017-0870-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Besides cervical cancer, HPV infection is linked to a multitude of diseases in both males and females, suggesting that vaccination programmes should be re-evaluated, with a judicious assessment made of the disease burden stratified by sex, age, and genotype. Projections of burden into the near future are also needed to provide a benchmark for evaluating the impact of vaccination programmes, and to assess the need for scaling-up preventive measures. METHODS Using the disability-adjusted life-years (DALY) measure, we estimated the total HPV-associated disease burden in the Netherlands. Annual cancer registrations over the period 1989-2014 for all cancers with an aetiological link to HPV infection were retrieved, supplemented by incidence data on high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and anogenital warts. RESULTS Over the recent period 2011-2014, the average annual HPV disease burden was 10,600 DALYs (95% credible interval (CrI):10,260-10,960) in females and 3,346 DALYs (95% CrI: 2,973-3,762) in males. Burden was dominated by cervical cancer, but its share amongst women decreased from 89% in 1989 to 77% in 2014. The male share of the total disease burden increased from 9.8% in 1989 to 26% in 2014. In 2023 (before the expected clinical impact from vaccinating girls), total burden is forecasted at 1.3-fold larger than in 2014. CONCLUSIONS The HPV-associated disease burden is higher than that reported for any other infectious disease in the Netherlands, with a larger burden observed in women than in men. The rapidly rising male share of the total burden underlines the prioritization of male HPV-related disease in prevention programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A McDonald
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Venetia Qendri
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Berkhof
- VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hester E de Melker
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A Bogaards
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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176
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Boscolo-Rizzo P, Da Mosto MC, Rampazzo E, Giunco S, Del Mistro A, Menegaldo A, Baboci L, Mantovani M, Tirelli G, De Rossi A. Telomeres and telomerase in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: from pathogenesis to clinical implications. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2017; 35:457-74. [PMID: 27501725 PMCID: PMC5035656 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-016-9633-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Strongly associated with tobacco use, heavy alcohol consumption, and with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a frequently lethal, heterogeneous disease whose pathogenesis is a multistep and multifactorial process involving genetic and epigenetic events. The majority of HNSCC patients present with locoregional advanced stage disease and are treated with combined modality strategies that can markedly impair quality of life and elicit unpredictable results. A large fraction of those who undergo locoregional treatment and achieve a complete response later develop locoregional recurrences or second field tumors. Biomarkers that are thus able to stratify risk and enable clinicians to tailor treatment plans and to personalize post-therapeutic surveillance strategies are highly desirable. To date, only HPV status is considered a reliable independent predictor of treatment response and survival in patients with HNSCC arising from the oropharyngeal site. Recent studies suggest that telomere attrition, which may be an early event in human carcinogenesis, and telomerase activation, which is detected in up to 90 % of malignancies, could be potential markers of cancer risk and disease outcome. This review examines the current state of knowledge on and discusses the implications linked to telomere dysfunction and telomerase activation in the development and clinical outcome of HNSCC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genetic Variation
- Genomic Instability
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/metabolism
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/mortality
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology
- Humans
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/pathology
- Mice
- Prognosis
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
- Telomerase/metabolism
- Telomere/genetics
- Telomere Homeostasis
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Section of Otolaryngology and Regional Centre for Head and Neck Cancer, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Treviso, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Da Mosto
- Section of Otolaryngology and Regional Centre for Head and Neck Cancer, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Treviso, Italy
| | - Enrica Rampazzo
- Section of Oncology and Immunology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, via Gattamelata 64, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Giunco
- Section of Oncology and Immunology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, via Gattamelata 64, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Annarosa Del Mistro
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Menegaldo
- Section of Otolaryngology and Regional Centre for Head and Neck Cancer, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Treviso, Italy
| | - Lorena Baboci
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Mantovani
- Section of Otolaryngology and Regional Centre for Head and Neck Cancer, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Treviso, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Tirelli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Anita De Rossi
- Section of Oncology and Immunology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, via Gattamelata 64, 35128, Padova, Italy.
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto-IRCCS, Padova, Italy.
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177
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Faraji F, Eisele DW, Fakhry C. Emerging insights into recurrent and metastatic human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2017; 2:10-18. [PMID: 28894817 PMCID: PMC5510283 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To review recent literature on human papillomavirus‐related (HPV‐positive) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPC) and focus on implications of recurrent and metastatic disease. Methods Primary articles from 1990 to 2016 indexed in MEDLINE (1) pertaining to the epidemiology of HPV‐positive OPC and (2) providing clinical insight into recurrent and metastatic OPC. Results The incidence of HPV‐positive OPC is increasing globally. HPV‐positive OPC is a subtype with distinct molecular and clinical features including enhanced treatment response and improved overall survival. While disease recurrence is less common in patients with HPV‐positive OPC, up to 36% of patients experience treatment failure within eight years. Recurrent and metastatic OPC has historically signified poor prognosis, however recent data are challenging this dogma. Here, we discuss recurrent and metastatic OPC in the context of HPV tumor status. Conclusion HPV‐positive OPC exhibits distinct genetic, cellular, epidemiological, and clinical features from HPV‐negative OPC. HPV tumor status is emerging as a marker indicative of improved prognosis after disease progression in both locoregionally recurrent and distant metastatic OPC. Level of Evidence N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhoud Faraji
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland
| | - David W Eisele
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland
| | - Carole Fakhry
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland.,Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland
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178
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Dietz A, Wichmann G, Wiegand S. Should We De-escalate the Treatment for HPV-Positive Tumors? Recent Results Cancer Res 2017; 206:173-181. [PMID: 27699538 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-43580-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
De-escalation or de-intensification of therapy is discussed since many retrospective analyses of former trials demonstrated significantly better outcome for patients suffering from p16/HPV16-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (OHNSCC). These observations are comprehensively addressed, but the reader has to keep in mind that none of the currently discussed data result from prospective controlled trials addressing the HPV-discrimination in the primary endpoint design. Identification of the true HPV16-related tumors is still challenging and in addition with different clinical reports and lack of data of prospective trials not mature for routine clinical decision making in 2016. Independent of the currently lacking evidence for HPV-dependent treatment de-escalation, there are some relevant arguments to address this question in ongoing and future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Dietz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen-, Ohrenheilkunde, Department Kopf- und Zahnmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
- Clinic of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Head Medicine and Oral Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Gunnar Wichmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen-, Ohrenheilkunde, Department Kopf- und Zahnmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Clinic of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Head Medicine and Oral Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Wiegand
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen-, Ohrenheilkunde, Department Kopf- und Zahnmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Clinic of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Head Medicine and Oral Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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179
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Arnold CR, Kloss F, Singh S, Vasiljevic D, Stigler R, Auberger T, Wenzel V, Klima G, Lukas P, Lepperdinger G, Gassner R. A domestic porcine model for studying the effects of radiation on head and neck cancers. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2016; 123:536-543. [PMID: 28130028 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation therapy (RT) of the head and neck region is often accompanied by serious side effects. Research in this area is needed to improve treatment outcomes and ameliorate therapy tolerance. Laboratory rodents are barely matching today's clinical standards in RT research. Yet domestic swine (Sus scrofa domestica) have previously proved suitable for various advanced tests in clinical research and training. We therefore investigated whether S. scrofa domestica is also appropriate for irradiation of the mandible. STUDY DESIGN A common scheme for irradiation treatment of S. scrofa domestica mandibles in a split-mouth design was acquired by applying computed tomography (CT) scanning under sedation. Basing on close anatomic resemblance, a standard treatment plan comprising 2 opposed irradiation fields could be accomplished. RESULTS RT was carried out in a clinical environment with 2 × 9 Gy. The resulting operating procedure facilitated complication-free sedation, transport, positioning, CT scanning, and effective irradiation. CONCLUSION Based on common standards applied for RT in humans, domestic pigs can be employed to progress RT clinical research. Due to their human-like anatomy, physiology, size, and weight, the swine model is expedient for advancing experimental RT of the head and neck area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph R Arnold
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Frank Kloss
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Danijela Vasiljevic
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Robert Stigler
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Auberger
- Department of Radiotherapy-Radiooncology, Hospital Traunstein, Traunstein, Germany
| | - Volker Wenzel
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Klima
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Lukas
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Lepperdinger
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Cell Biology, University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Robert Gassner
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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180
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Prigge ES, Arbyn M, von Knebel Doeberitz M, Reuschenbach M. Diagnostic accuracy of p16 INK4a immunohistochemistry in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 2016; 140:1186-1198. [PMID: 27859245 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The accurate diagnosis of human papillomavirus (HPV) causality in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC) is likely to influence therapeutic decisions in affected patients in the near future. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the diagnostic accuracy of p16INK4a immunohistochemistry (IHC) to identify HPV-induced OPSCC. We identified all studies that performed p16INK4a IHC (index test) and HPV E6/E7 mRNA detection using an amplification-based method (gold standard to indicate a transforming relevance of HPV) in OPSCC. Testing with one or more comparator tests (HPV DNA PCR, HPV DNA in situ hybridization (ISH) and p16INK4a IHC/HPV DNA PCR combined testing) was an optional criterion for inclusion. Among 1,636 retrieved studies 24 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The pooled sensitivity of p16INK4a IHC, HPV DNA PCR, HPV DNA ISH and p16INK4a IHC/HPV DNA PCR combined testing was 94% (95%-confidence interval (CI) 91-97%), 98% (CI 94-100%), 85% (CI 76-92%) and 93% (CI 87-97%), respectively. The pooled specificity was 83% (CI 78-88%), 84% (CI 74-92%), 88% (CI 78-96%) and 96% (CI 89-100%), respectively. p16INK4a IHC/HPV DNA PCR combined testing was as sensitive as either p16INK4a IHC or HPV DNA PCR alone but significantly more specific than either separate test. In conclusion, p16INK4a IHC is highly sensitive but moderately specific to diagnose HPV-transformed OPSCC when used as a single test. Combined p16INK4a IHC and HPV DNA PCR testing significantly enhances specificity while maintaining high sensitivity. This diagnostic test combination thus represents an attractive testing strategy for the reliable diagnosis of HPV-induced OPSCC in the clinical setting and may constitute an inclusion criterion for future therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena-Sophie Prigge
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Marc Arbyn
- Belgian Cancer Centre and Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, B1050, Belgium.,University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Magnus von Knebel Doeberitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Miriam Reuschenbach
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
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181
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Schiffman M, Doorbar J, Wentzensen N, de Sanjosé S, Fakhry C, Monk BJ, Stanley MA, Franceschi S. Carcinogenic human papillomavirus infection. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2016; 2:16086. [PMID: 27905473 DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2016.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 540] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Infections with human papillomavirus (HPV) are common and transmitted by direct contact. Although the great majority of infections resolve within 2 years, 13 phylogenetically related, sexually transmitted HPV genotypes, notably HPV16, cause - if not controlled immunologically or by screening - virtually all cervical cancers worldwide, a large fraction of other anogenital cancers and an increasing proportion of oropharyngeal cancers. The carcinogenicity of these HPV types results primarily from the activity of the oncoproteins E6 and E7, which impair growth regulatory pathways. Persistent high-risk HPVs can transition from a productive (virion-producing) to an abortive or transforming infection, after which cancer can result after typically slow accumulation of host genetic mutations. However, which precancerous lesions progress and which do not is unclear; the majority of screening-detected precancers are treated, leading to overtreatment. The discovery of HPV as a carcinogen led to the development of effective preventive vaccines and sensitive HPV DNA and RNA tests. Together, vaccination programmes (the ultimate long-term preventive strategy) and screening using HPV tests could dramatically alter the landscape of HPV-related cancers. HPV testing will probably replace cytology-based cervical screening owing to greater reassurance when the test is negative. However, the effective implementation of HPV vaccination and screening globally remains a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Schiffman
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Room 6E544, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
| | - John Doorbar
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Room 6E544, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
| | - Silvia de Sanjosé
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme and CIBER Epidemiologia Y Salud Publica, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carole Fakhry
- Department of Otolaryngology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bradley J Monk
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, US Oncology Network, University of Arizona-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Silvia Franceschi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Infections and Cancer Epidemiology Group, Lyon, France
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182
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Beck TN, Smith CH, Flieder DB, Galloway TJ, Ridge JA, Golemis EA, Mehra R. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Ambiguous human papillomavirus status, elevated p16, and deleted retinoblastoma 1. Head Neck 2016; 39:E34-E39. [PMID: 27859938 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is potentially curable, but treatment planning remains a challenge. Oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive disease is often associated with a good prognosis compared with HPV-negative disease. However, some HPV-positive HNSCC recurs, often with distant metastases and significant treatment resistance. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC), in situ hybridization (ISH) for high-risk HPV, and comprehensive genomic profiling on oropharyngeal HNSCC with basaloid features and particularly aggressive disease course, noting a rare genetic event: a deleting mutation (exons 5-17) of the tumor suppressor and dominant cell cycle regulator retinoblastoma 1 (RB1). Genomic and transcriptomic data available through FoundationOne and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were reviewed for additional HNSCC cases with RB1 alterations. CONCLUSION RB1 alterations may have important prognostic implications, particularly in the context of high p16 expression, in both HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: E34-E39, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim N Beck
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Molecular and Cell Biology & Genetics Program, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chad H Smith
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Douglas B Flieder
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas J Galloway
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John A Ridge
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Molecular and Cell Biology & Genetics Program, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ranee Mehra
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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183
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Guo L, Liu S, Zhang S, Chen Q, Zhang M, Quan P, Sun XB. Human papillomavirus-related esophageal cancer survival: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5318. [PMID: 27861358 PMCID: PMC5120915 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been identified to be related to progression of esophageal cancer. However, the results remain controversial. A meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies was therefore conducted to address this issue. METHODS The electronic databases of MEDLINE and Excerpta Medica database were searched till April 30, 2016. Study-specific risk estimates were pooled using a random-effects model. RESULTS Ten studies involving a total of 1184 esophageal cancer cases were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled hazard ratio comparing HPV-positive to HPV-negative esophageal cancers was 1.03 (95% confidence interval 0.78-1.37), which was not significantly correlated with improved survival. However, HPV-16-positive patients might have a significantly favorable survival (hazard ratio 0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.44-1.21). CONCLUSION The meta-analysis indicated that HPV infection may not be of prognostic utility in the evaluation of factors contributing to esophageal cancer. Further large prospective studies are encouraged to stratify survival analysis by HPV type.
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184
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Günther K, Foraita R, Friemel J, Günther F, Bullerdiek J, Nimzyk R, Markowski DN, Behrens T, Ahrens W. The Stem Cell Factor HMGA2 Is Expressed in Non-HPV-Associated Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Predicts Patient Survival of Distinct Subsites. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 26:197-205. [PMID: 27742669 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor high-mobility AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) is involved in stem cell renewal and is expressed in many tumor tissues. Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) comprise tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract and are characterized by high recurrence rates that represent a challenge to patient management. The study addresses the potential of HMGA2 as a molecular biomarker for HNSCC patient survival. METHODS Patients with HNSCC of the larynx, pharynx, tonsils, or oral cavity were recruited in a hospital-based case-control study (n = 202). Quantitative expression of HMGA2 in tumor tissues was measured by RT-PCR. In a 6- to 10-year follow-up, secondary cancers, vital status, and cause of death were ascertained. The HR and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for overall, tumor-specific, and progression-free survival were estimated by Cox proportional hazards with HMGA2 expression level as the independent variable. RESULTS High HMGA2 expression in tumor tissues of HNSCC patients was significantly correlated with negative HPV status (P = 0.01), and associated with shorter overall survival time. In Cox regression modeling, HMGA2 expression yielded a risk increase for overall and tumor-specific death in subsets of HNSCC patients, that is, laryngeal cancer patients (overall survival: HR = 4.00; 95% CI, 1.18-13.62) and in oral cancer patients (tumor-specific survival: HR = 2.88; 95% CI, 1.06-7.84), but not in patients with pharyngeal and tonsillar HNSCC. CONCLUSIONS HMGA2 expression is associated with a risk increase for adverse outcomes in patients with HNSCC of the larynx and oral cavity. IMPACT The understanding of stem cell signaling in HNSCC may offer new strategies for cancer treatment. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(2); 197-205. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Günther
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Ronja Foraita
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Juliane Friemel
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Frauke Günther
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jörn Bullerdiek
- Center for Human Genetics (ZHG), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Rolf Nimzyk
- Center for Human Genetics (ZHG), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Behrens
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany.,Protein Research Unit Ruhr within Europe (PURE), Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
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185
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Mena E, Thippsandra S, Yanamadala A, Redy S, Pattanayak P, Subramaniam RM. Molecular Imaging and Precision Medicine in Head and Neck Cancer. PET Clin 2016; 12:7-25. [PMID: 27863568 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The concept of using tumor genomic profiling information has revolutionized personalized cancer treatment. Head and neck (HN) cancer management is being influenced by recent discoveries of activating mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor and related targeted therapies with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, targeted therapies for Kristen Rat Sarcoma, and MET proto-oncogenes. Molecular imaging using PET plays an important role in assessing the biologic behavior of HN cancer with the goal of delivering individualized cancer treatment. This review summarizes recent genomic discoveries in HN cancer and their implications for functional PET imaging in assessing response to targeted therapies, and drug resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Mena
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Shwetha Thippsandra
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Anusha Yanamadala
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Siddaling Redy
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Puskar Pattanayak
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Rathan M Subramaniam
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8896, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9096, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-8896, USA; Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-8896, USA.
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186
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Reich M, Licitra L, Vermorken J, Bernier J, Parmar S, Golusinski W, Castellsagué X, Leemans C. Best practice guidelines in the psychosocial management of HPV-related head and neck cancer: recommendations from the European Head and Neck Cancer Society's Make Sense Campaign. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:1848-54. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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187
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Ausoni S, Boscolo-Rizzo P, Singh B, Da Mosto MC, Spinato G, Tirelli G, Spinato R, Azzarello G. Targeting cellular and molecular drivers of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: current options and emerging perspectives. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2016; 35:413-26. [PMID: 27194534 PMCID: PMC5524458 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-016-9625-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite improvements in functional outcomes attributable to advances in radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgical techniques, and imaging techniques, survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients has improved only marginally during the last couple of decades, and optimal therapy has yet to be devised. Genomic complexity and intratumoral genetic heterogeneity may contribute to treatment resistance and the propensity for locoregional recurrence. Countering this, it demands a significant effort from both basic and clinical scientists in the search for more effective targeted therapies. Recent genomewide studies have provided valuable insights into the genetic basis of HNSCC, uncovering potential new therapeutic opportunities. In addition, several studies have elucidated how inflammatory, immune, and stromal cells contribute to the particular properties of these neoplasms. In the present review, we introduce recent findings on genomic aberrations resulting from whole-genome sequencing of HNSCC, we discuss how the particular microenvironment affects the pathogenesis of this disease, and we describe clinical trials exploring new perspectives on the use of combined genetic and cellular targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Ausoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Department of Neurosciences, ENT Clinic and Regional Center for Head and Neck Cancer, University of Padua, Treviso Regional Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Bhuvanesh Singh
- Laboratory of Epithelial Cancer Biology, Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Maria Cristina Da Mosto
- Department of Neurosciences, ENT Clinic and Regional Center for Head and Neck Cancer, University of Padua, Treviso Regional Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Giacomo Spinato
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Cattinara Hospital, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Tirelli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Cattinara Hospital, Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberto Spinato
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Dell'Angelo Hospital, Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Azzarello
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mirano Hospital, Local Health Unit 13, Mirano, Venezia, Italy.
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188
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Svahn MF, Munk C, Nielsen TSS, von Buchwald C, Frederiksen K, Kjaer SK. Trends in all-cause five-year mortality after head and neck cancers diagnosed over a period of 33 years. Focus on estimated degree of association with human papillomavirus. Acta Oncol 2016; 55:1084-1090. [PMID: 27550781 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2016.1185148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factors influencing survival after head and neck cancer (HNC) include among others stage, age, and sex. More recently, human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity has been described as a favorable prognostic factor in relation to some HNCs. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this nationwide register-based cohort study of all 20 925 individuals diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) in Denmark 1978-2010, we investigate secular trends in all-cause five-year mortality after HNSCC according to the anticipated degree of association with HPV using a Cox proportional hazards model. Furthermore, we examine whether any trend over time differed according to sex, stage, and age at diagnosis. RESULTS All-cause five-year mortality after HNSCC has decreased over time. The greatest decrease was seen in the last decade (2000-2010) among patients with HNSCC at sites estimated to be strongly associated with HPV, i.e. the base of the tongue and the tonsils, where a 28% decrease per five years (e.g. HRbase of tongue/tonsils=0.72; 95% CI 0.64-0.81) was observed. When examining sex- and age-specific time trends, the decrease in mortality was most pronounced among male patients and patients below 60 years at diagnosis. In contrast, no clear pattern was observed when examining five-year all-cause mortality trends according to stage. CONCLUSION All-cause five-year mortality after HNSCC has decreased significantly in Denmark from 1978 to 2010, especially for HNSCCs at sites anticipated to be strongly associated with HPV, possibly due to an increasing proportion of HPV-positive HNSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malene F. Svahn
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Munk
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thor S. S. Nielsen
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian von Buchwald
- Department of ORL, H&N Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Frederiksen
- Statistics, Bioinformatics and Registry, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne K. Kjaer
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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189
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Rivera-Peña B, Ruíz-Fullana FJ, Vélez-Reyes GL, Rodriguez-Benitez RJ, Marcos-Martínez MJ, Trinidad-Pinedo J, Báez A. HPV-16 infection modifies overall survival of Puerto Rican HNSCC patients. Infect Agent Cancer 2016; 11:47. [PMID: 27559359 PMCID: PMC4995614 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-016-0095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HPV-16 modifies the overall survival (OS) of patients with oropharyngeal cancer (OPSCC). HPV-16 has been established as risk factor for OPSCC, but HPV-16 infection may also reside in the larynx and oral cavity. We evaluated HPV-16 status on OS of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. METHODS HPV-16 infection was confirmed by amplification of E6 and E7 viral oncogenes through PCR assay and E6 IHC in 185 HNSCC samples. Associations between HPV-16 status and clinicopathological parameters were performed using Fisher's exact test and x(2). Survival analysis was completed using Kaplan-Meier estimator and multivariate Cox regression analysis. RESULTS OS of HPV-16 positive patients was longer compared to HPV-16 negative patients (P = 0.002). HPV-16 positive tumors of the larynx (LSCC) and pharynx (PSCC) showed improved OS compared to HPV-16 negative tumors. Also, HPV-16 positive patients exposed to radiotherapy presented a better survival. CONCLUSIONS HPV-16 status has a positive prognostic value in HNSCC. Addition of HPV-16 status to the TNM staging can provide better assessment in prognosis and guide treatment for HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Rivera-Peña
- Department of Biology, Natural Sciences Faculty, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Francisco J Ruíz-Fullana
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Section, University of Puerto Rico, School of Medicine, PO Box 365067, San Juan, 00936 Puerto Rico
| | - Germán L Vélez-Reyes
- Department of Biology, Natural Sciences Faculty, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Rosa J Rodriguez-Benitez
- Department of General Social Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - María J Marcos-Martínez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico.,Medical Services Administration, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Juan Trinidad-Pinedo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Section, University of Puerto Rico, School of Medicine, PO Box 365067, San Juan, 00936 Puerto Rico
| | - Adriana Báez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Section, University of Puerto Rico, School of Medicine, PO Box 365067, San Juan, 00936 Puerto Rico.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Puerto Rico, School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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190
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Spence T, Bruce J, Yip KW, Liu FF. HPV Associated Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:E75. [PMID: 27527216 PMCID: PMC4999784 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8080075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are a highly heterogeneous group of tumours that are associated with diverse clinical outcomes. Recent evidence has demonstrated that human papillomavirus (HPV) is involved in up to 25% of HNCs; particularly in the oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) subtype where it can account for up to 60% of such cases. HPVs are double-stranded DNA viruses that infect epithelial cells; numerous HPV subtypes, including 16, 18, 31, 33, and 35, drive epithelial cell transformation and tumourigenesis. HPV positive (HPV+) HNC represents a distinct molecular and clinical entity from HPV negative (HPV-) disease; the biological basis for which remains to be fully elucidated. HPV positivity is strongly correlated with a significantly superior outcome; indicating that such tumours should have a distinct management approach. This review focuses on the recent scientific and clinical investigation of HPV+ HNC. In particular, we discuss the importance of molecular and clinical evidence for defining the role of HPV in HNC, and the clinical impact of HPV status as a biomarker for HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Spence
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Jeff Bruce
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Kenneth W Yip
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Fei-Fei Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada.
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191
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Mallen-St Clair J, Alani M, Wang MB, Srivatsan ES. Human papillomavirus in oropharyngeal cancer: The changing face of a disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1866:141-150. [PMID: 27487173 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has brought about an unexpected rise in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) primarily in white males from the ages of 40-55years, with limited exposure to alcohol and tobacco. This subset of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has been found to be associated with human papillomavirus infection (HPV). Other Head and Neck Squamous Cell carcinoma (HNSCC) subtypes include oral cavity, hypopharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, and laryngeal SCC which tend to be HPV negative. HPV associated oropharyngeal cancer has proven to differ from alcohol and tobacco associated oropharyngeal carcinoma in regards to the molecular pathophysiology, presentation, epidemiology, prognosis, and improved response to chemoradiation therapy. Given the improved survival of patients with HPV associated SCC, efforts to de-intensify treatment to decrease treatment related morbidity are at the forefront of clinical research. This review will focus on the important differences between HPV and tobacco related oropharyngeal cancer. We will review the molecular pathogenesis of HPV related oropharyngeal cancer with an emphasis on new paradigms for screening and treating this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Mallen-St Clair
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mustafa Alani
- UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Marilene B Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System/David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Member of Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eri S Srivatsan
- Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System/David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Member of Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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192
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Min M, Lin P, Liney G, Lee M, Forstner D, Fowler A, Holloway L. A review of the predictive role of functional imaging in patients with mucosal primary head and neck cancer treated with radiation therapy. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2016; 61:99-123. [DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myo Min
- Cancer Therapy Centre; Liverpool Hospital; Liverpool New South Wales Australia
- South Western Clinical School; University of New South Wales; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research; Liverpool New South Wales Australia
| | - Peter Lin
- South Western Clinical School; University of New South Wales; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Positron Emission Tomography; Liverpool Hospital; Liverpool New South Wales Australia
- University of Western Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Gary Liney
- Cancer Therapy Centre; Liverpool Hospital; Liverpool New South Wales Australia
- South Western Clinical School; University of New South Wales; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research; Liverpool New South Wales Australia
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics; University of Wollongong; Wollongong New South Wales Australia
| | - Mark Lee
- Cancer Therapy Centre; Liverpool Hospital; Liverpool New South Wales Australia
- South Western Clinical School; University of New South Wales; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Dion Forstner
- Cancer Therapy Centre; Liverpool Hospital; Liverpool New South Wales Australia
- South Western Clinical School; University of New South Wales; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research; Liverpool New South Wales Australia
| | - Allan Fowler
- Cancer Therapy Centre; Liverpool Hospital; Liverpool New South Wales Australia
| | - Lois Holloway
- Cancer Therapy Centre; Liverpool Hospital; Liverpool New South Wales Australia
- South Western Clinical School; University of New South Wales; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research; Liverpool New South Wales Australia
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics; University of Wollongong; Wollongong New South Wales Australia
- Institute of Medical Physics; School of Physics; University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
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193
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Wu X, Mastronicola R, Tu Q, Faure GC, De Carvalho Bittencourt M, Dolivet G. A rare case of extremely high counts of circulating tumor cells detected in a patient with an oral squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:552. [PMID: 27465596 PMCID: PMC4964083 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2591-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite aggressive regimens, the clinical outcome of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma remains poor. The detection of circulating tumor cells could potentially improve the management of patients with disseminated cancer, including diagnosis, treatment strategies, and surveillance. Currently, CellSearch® is the most widely used and the only Food and Drug Administration-cleared system for circulating tumor cells detection in patients with metastatic breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer. In most cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, only low counts of circulating tumor cells have been reported. Case presentation A 56-year-old white male with no particular medical history, was diagnosed with a squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity. According to the imaging results (computed tomography and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography / computed tomography) and panendoscopy, the TNM staging was classified as T4N2M0. A non-interruptive pelvimandibulectomy was conducted according to the multidisciplinary meeting advices and the postoperative observations were normal. The patient complained of a painful cervical edema and a trismus 6 weeks after the surgery. A relapse was found by computed tomography and the patient died two weeks later. The search for circulating tumor cells in peripheral venous blood by using the CellSearch® system revealed a very high count compared with published reports at three time points (pre-operative: 400; intra-operative: 150 and post-operative day 7: 1400 circulating tumor cells). Of note, all detected circulating tumor cells were epidermal growth factor receptor negative. Conclusion We report here for the first time a rare case of oral squamous cell carcinoma with extremely high circulating tumor cells counts using the CellSearch® system. The absolute number of circulating tumor cells might predict a particular phase of cancer development as well as a poor survival, potentially contributing to a personalized healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglei Wu
- Laboratory of Immunology, Nancytomique platform, CHRU of Nancy, rue du Morvan, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,SBS Department, CRAN, UMR 7039 CNRS, University of Lorraine, Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Romina Mastronicola
- SBS Department, CRAN, UMR 7039 CNRS, University of Lorraine, Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Head and Neck Surgery and Dental Units, Oncologic Surgery Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 6 Avenue de Bourgogne, 54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Qian Tu
- Laboratory of Immunology, Nancytomique platform, CHRU of Nancy, rue du Morvan, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,SBS Department, CRAN, UMR 7039 CNRS, University of Lorraine, Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Gilbert Charles Faure
- Laboratory of Immunology, Nancytomique platform, CHRU of Nancy, rue du Morvan, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,SBS Department, CRAN, UMR 7039 CNRS, University of Lorraine, Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Marcelo De Carvalho Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Immunology, Nancytomique platform, CHRU of Nancy, rue du Morvan, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France. .,SBS Department, CRAN, UMR 7039 CNRS, University of Lorraine, Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Gilles Dolivet
- SBS Department, CRAN, UMR 7039 CNRS, University of Lorraine, Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Head and Neck Surgery and Dental Units, Oncologic Surgery Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 6 Avenue de Bourgogne, 54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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194
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Okami K. Clinical features and treatment strategy for HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2016; 21:827-835. [PMID: 27380170 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-016-1009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Among head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the incidence of oropharyngeal SCC (OPSCC) is increasing in contrast to carcinoma with origin in other subsites. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is now recognized as a significant risk factor of the carcinogenesis of OPSCC. The HPV-related OPSCC patients tend to be relatively young, less exposed to tobacco and alcohol, and have a relatively high socioeconomic status and education level, which is distinct from HPV-unrelated classical OPSCC. The neck metastases tend to be aggressive and cystic. The better response to treatment resulting in improved prognosis of HPV-related OPSCC led to reconsidering the clinical staging and treatment approaches. Clinical trials of treatment deintensification to reduce the acute and late toxicity without compromising efficacy have been conducted. This review of HPV-related OPSCC focuses on current and generally accepted facts regarding the biology, epidemiology, and therapeutic strategy of this new disease entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Okami
- Department of Otolaryngology, Center of Head and Neck Surgery, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, 259-1193, Japan.
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195
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Allison DB, Maleki Z. HPV-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: An update and review. J Am Soc Cytopathol 2016; 5:203-215. [PMID: 31042510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasc.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This is a review of human papilloma virus (HPV)-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The epidemiology, pathology, clinical features, and risk factors of HPV-related HNSCC are discussed. HPV vaccines are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek B Allison
- Division of Cytopathology, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 N. Wolfe Street/Pathology 412C, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zahra Maleki
- Division of Cytopathology, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 N. Wolfe Street/Pathology 412C, Baltimore, Maryland.
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196
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Naghavi AO, Strom TJ, Ahmed KA, Echevarria MI, Abuodeh YA, Venkat PS, Frakes JM, Harrison LB, Trotti AM, Caudell JJ. Management of Oropharyngeal Cancer in the HPV Era. Cancer Control 2016; 23:197-207. [DOI: 10.1177/107327481602300302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Historically, oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) has been attributed to risk factors such as smoking and alcohol use. The increased incidence of OPC has been driven by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Methods A search of the literature involving HPV infection and OPC was performed, along with a search of ongoing clinical trials regarding HPV-positive OPC. Results This review summarizes the differences in epidemiology and prognosis of HPV-positive OPC compared with non–HPV-related OPC. It will also discuss use of de-escalating treatment to minimize toxicity while maintaining excellent outcomes. Disease management is also addressed, including prevention and follow-up recommendations for this cohort of patients. Conclusions HPV-positive OPC is a distinct disease, and efforts should be made to personalize its management. Preventive measures and vaccinations, along with de-escalation of treatment, may help optimize outcomes in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash O. Naghavi
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Tampa, Florida
| | - Tobin J. Strom
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kamran A. Ahmed
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Tampa, Florida
| | - Michelle I. Echevarria
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Tampa, Florida
| | - Yazan A. Abuodeh
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Tampa, Florida
| | - Puja S. Venkat
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jessica M. Frakes
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Tampa, Florida
| | - Louis B. Harrison
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Tampa, Florida
| | - Andy M. Trotti
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jimmy J. Caudell
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Tampa, Florida
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197
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Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and is frequently impervious to curative treatment efforts. Similar to other cancers associated with prolonged exposure to carcinogens, HNSCCs often have a high burden of mutations, contributing to substantial inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity. The heterogeneity of this malignancy is further increased by the rising rate of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated (HPV+) HNSCC, which defines an etiological subtype significantly different from the more common tobacco and alcohol associated HPV-negative (HPV-) HNSCC. Since 2011, application of large scale genome sequencing projects by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) network and other groups have established extensive datasets to characterize HPV- and HPV+ HNSCC, providing a foundation for advanced molecular diagnoses, identification of potential biomarkers, and therapeutic insights. Some genomic lesions are now appreciated as widely dispersed. For example, HPV- HNSCC characteristically inactivates the cell cycle suppressors TP53 (p53) and CDKN2A (p16), and often amplifies CCND1 (cyclin D), which phosphorylates RB1 to promote cell cycle progression from G1 to S. By contrast, HPV+ HNSCC expresses viral oncogenes E6 and E7, which inhibit TP53 and RB1, and activates the cell cycle regulator E2F1. Frequent activating mutations in PIK3CA and inactivating mutations in NOTCH1 are seen in both subtypes of HNSCC, emphasizing the importance of these pathways. Studies of large patient cohorts have also begun to identify less common genetic alterations, predominantly found in HPV- tumors, which suggest new mechanisms relevant to disease pathogenesis. Targets of these alterations including AJUBA and FAT1, both involved in the regulation of NOTCH/CTNNB1 signaling. Genes involved in oxidative stress, particularly CUL3, KEAP1 and NFE2L2, strongly associated with smoking, have also been identified, and are less well understood mechanistically. Application of sophisticated data-mining approaches, integrating genomic information with profiles of tumor methylation and gene expression, have helped to further yield insights, and in some cases suggest additional approaches to stratify patients for clinical treatment. We here discuss some recent insights built on TCGA and other genomic foundations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim N Beck
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.,Program in Molecular and Cell Biology and Genetics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.,Program in Molecular and Cell Biology and Genetics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
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198
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Coppock JD, Lee JH. mTOR, metabolism, and the immune response in HPV-positive head and neck squamous cell cancer. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 2:76-83. [PMID: 29204551 PMCID: PMC5698505 DOI: 10.1016/j.wjorl.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive preclinical studies have identified mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation as a frequent molecular signature underlying head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), including the distinct clinical subtype that is human papillomavirus (HPV) related, and have demonstrated the potential therapeutic utility of mTOR inhibitors in the treatment of these cancers. Numerous clinical studies have begun to evaluate this potential, however few have selected for and fewer have focused specifically on HPV-related disease. While HPV-positive (HPV+) HNSCC patients have a generally favorable prognosis, the overall number of patients who suffer failed treatment, recurrent disease, metastasis, and death is increasing due to the rapidly increasing incidence of HPV-related cancers. In this review, we discuss the rationale for proposing the adjuvant use of mTOR inhibition in the treatment of HPV+ HNSCC, highlighting the interplay of virally activated mTOR signaling, cellular metabolism, and the anti-tumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D. Coppock
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research/USD, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - John H. Lee
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research/USD, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Sanford Health, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
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Is treatment de-escalation a reality in HPV related oropharyngeal cancer? Surgeon 2016; 14:180-3. [PMID: 27188245 DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of HPV related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is rapidly increasing. It is now well recognised as a distinct clinical and biologic entity, compared to traditional OPSCC. The majority of these patients have an excellent prognosis due to the chemo-radiosensitive nature of these tumours. The de-escalation of current treatment regimens have therefore been proposed in an attempt to reduce the long term treatment related morbidity of this much younger patient cohort. Several of the more pertinent points regarding safe de-escalation strategies are considered within this manuscript.
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200
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Dvoryaninova OY, Chainzonov EL, Litvyakov NV. [The clinical aspects of HPV-positive cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx]. Vestn Otorinolaringol 2016; 81:72-77. [PMID: 27166483 DOI: 10.17116/otorino201681172-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This review was designed to focus on the prevalence and the magnitude of infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) among healthy subjects and patients presenting with cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx. We compare the data on the relative frequency of HPV-positive and HPV-negative cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx in different populations, peculiarities of the clinical course of this pathology, and methods of its treatment. Much emphasis is placed on the specific clinical and morphological features of HPV-positive cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx. The general and relapse-free survival rates are considered with special reference to the outcome and prognosis of this disease. The currently accepted approaches to the treatment of HPV-positive cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx are discussed. It is concluded that HPV-positive cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx should be regarded as an autonomous pathological condition requiring specific approaches to its management, such as the application of adequate treatment schemes and algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E L Chainzonov
- Tomsk Research Institute of Oncology, Tomsk, Russia, 634050
| | - N V Litvyakov
- Tomsk Research Institute of Oncology, Tomsk, Russia, 634050; Tomsk National Research University, Tomsk, Russia, 634050
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