151
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Balu R, Knott R, Cowieson NP, Elvin CM, Hill AJ, Choudhury NR, Dutta NK. Structural ensembles reveal intrinsic disorder for the multi-stimuli responsive bio-mimetic protein Rec1-resilin. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10896. [PMID: 26042819 PMCID: PMC4455251 DOI: 10.1038/srep10896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rec1-resilin is the first recombinant resilin-mimetic protein polymer, synthesized from exon-1 of the Drosophila melanogaster gene CG15920 that has demonstrated unusual multi-stimuli responsiveness in aqueous solution. Crosslinked hydrogels of Rec1-resilin have also displayed remarkable mechanical properties including near-perfect rubber-like elasticity. The structural basis of these extraordinary properties is not clearly understood. Here we combine a computational and experimental investigation to examine structural ensembles of Rec1-resilin in aqueous solution. The structure of Rec1-resilin in aqueous solutions is investigated experimentally using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Both bench-top and synchrotron SAXS are employed to extract structural data sets of Rec1-resilin and to confirm their validity. Computational approaches have been applied to these experimental data sets in order to extract quantitative information about structural ensembles including radius of gyration, pair-distance distribution function, and the fractal dimension. The present work confirms that Rec1-resilin is an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) that displays equilibrium structural qualities between those of a structured globular protein and a denatured protein. The ensemble optimization method (EOM) analysis reveals a single conformational population with partial compactness. This work provides new insight into the structural ensembles of Rec1-resilin in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkamal Balu
- Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes campus, Mawson lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Robert Knott
- ANSTO, Private Mail Bag, Kirrawee, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Nathan P. Cowieson
- Centre for Synchrotron Science, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Christopher M. Elvin
- CSIRO Agriculture, Level 6, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Anita J. Hill
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Namita R. Choudhury
- Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes campus, Mawson lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Naba K. Dutta
- Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes campus, Mawson lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
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152
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Sikosek T, Chan HS. Biophysics of protein evolution and evolutionary protein biophysics. J R Soc Interface 2015; 11:20140419. [PMID: 25165599 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of molecular evolution at the level of protein-coding genes often entails comparing large datasets of sequences to infer their evolutionary relationships. Despite the importance of a protein's structure and conformational dynamics to its function and thus its fitness, common phylogenetic methods embody minimal biophysical knowledge of proteins. To underscore the biophysical constraints on natural selection, we survey effects of protein mutations, highlighting the physical basis for marginal stability of natural globular proteins and how requirement for kinetic stability and avoidance of misfolding and misinteractions might have affected protein evolution. The biophysical underpinnings of these effects have been addressed by models with an explicit coarse-grained spatial representation of the polypeptide chain. Sequence-structure mappings based on such models are powerful conceptual tools that rationalize mutational robustness, evolvability, epistasis, promiscuous function performed by 'hidden' conformational states, resolution of adaptive conflicts and conformational switches in the evolution from one protein fold to another. Recently, protein biophysics has been applied to derive more accurate evolutionary accounts of sequence data. Methods have also been developed to exploit sequence-based evolutionary information to predict biophysical behaviours of proteins. The success of these approaches demonstrates a deep synergy between the fields of protein biophysics and protein evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Sikosek
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8 Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8 Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Hue Sun Chan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8 Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8 Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
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153
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Demuth D, Haase N, Malzacher D, Vogel M. Effects of solvent concentration and composition on protein dynamics: 13C MAS NMR studies of elastin in glycerol-water mixtures. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1854:995-1000. [PMID: 25917596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We use (13)C CP MAS NMR to investigate the dependence of elastin dynamics on the concentration and composition of the solvent at various temperatures. For elastin in pure glycerol, line-shape analysis shows that larger-scale fluctuations of the protein backbone require a minimum glycerol concentration of ~0.6 g/g at ambient temperature, while smaller-scale fluctuations are activated at lower solvation levels of ~0.2 g/g. Immersing elastin in various glycerol-water mixtures, we observe at room temperature that the protein mobility is higher for lower glycerol fractions in the solvent and, thus, lower solvent viscosity. When decreasing the temperature, the elastin spectra approach the line shape for the rigid protein at 245 K for all studied samples, indicating that the protein ceases to be mobile on the experimental time scale of ~10(-5) s. Our findings yield evidence for a strong coupling between elastin fluctuations and solvent dynamics and, hence, such interaction is not restricted to the case of protein-water mixtures. Spectral resolution of different carbon species reveals that the protein-solvent couplings can, however, be different for side chain and backbone units. We discuss these results against the background of the slaving model for protein dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Demuth
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nils Haase
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Daniel Malzacher
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Vogel
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
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154
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Jo YJ, Kim JH, Jung KH, Min SG, Chun JY. Effect of Sub- and Super-critical Water Treatment on Physicochemical Properties of Porcine Skin. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2015; 35:35-40. [PMID: 26761798 PMCID: PMC4682499 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2015.35.1.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Super- and sub-critical water treatments have been of interest as novel methods for protein hydrolysis. In the present study, we studied the effect of sub-critical water (Sub-H2O, 300℃, 80 bar) treatment as well as super-critical water (Super-H2O, 400℃, 280 bar) treatment on the physicochemical properties of porcine skin (PS), which has abundant collagen. Porcine skin was subjected to pre-thermal treatment by immersion in water at 70℃, and then treated with sub- or super-critical water. Physicochemical properties of the hydrolysates, such as molecular weight distribution, free amino acid content, amino acid profile, pH, color, and water content were determined. For the molecular weight distribution analysis, 1 kDa hydrolyzed porcine skin (H-PS) was produced by Super-H2O or Sub-H2O treatment. The free amino acid content was 57.18 mM and 30.13 mM after Sub-H2O and Super-H2O treatment, respectively. Determination of amino acid profile revealed that the content of Glu (22.5%) and Pro (30%) was higher after Super-H2O treatment than after Sub-H2O treatment, whereas the content of Gly (28%) and Ala (13.1%) was higher after Sub-H2O treatment. Super-H2O or Sub-H2O treatment affected the pH of PS, which changed from 7.29 (Raw) to 9.22 (after Sub-H2O treatment) and 9.49 (after Super-H2O treatment). Taken together, these results showed that Sub-H2O treatment was slightly more effective for hydrolysis than Super-H2O was. However, both Sub-H2O and Super-H2O treatments were effective processing methods for hydrolysis of PS collagen in a short time and can be regarded as a green chemistry technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Ji Jo
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeong Kim
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hun Jung
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Sang-Gi Min
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Chun
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
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155
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Computational Approaches to Identification of Aggregation Sites and the Mechanism of Amyloid Growth. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 855:213-39. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17344-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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156
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Hicks TM, Verbeek CJR, Lay MC, Manley-Harris M. Changes to amino acid composition of bloodmeal after chemical oxidation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10587k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of oxidative decolouring with peracetic acid on the physical and chemical characteristics of bloodmeal proteins was investigated by assessing protein solubility, molecular weight distribution and final amino acid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. M. Hicks
- School of Engineering
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- University of Waikato
- Hamilton 3240
- New Zealand
| | - C. J. R. Verbeek
- School of Engineering
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- University of Waikato
- Hamilton 3240
- New Zealand
| | - M. C. Lay
- School of Engineering
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- University of Waikato
- Hamilton 3240
- New Zealand
| | - M. Manley-Harris
- School of Science
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- University of Waikato
- Hamilton 3240
- New Zealand
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157
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Li L, Luo T, Kiick KL. Temperature-triggered phase separation of a hydrophilic resilin-like polypeptide. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:90-5. [PMID: 25424611 PMCID: PMC4552326 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Temperature-triggered phase separation of recombinant proteins has offered substantial opportunities in the design of nanoparticles for a variety of applications. Herein, the temperature-triggered phase separation behavior of a recombinant hydrophilic resilin-like polypeptide (RLP) is described. The transition temperature and sizes of RLP-based nanoparticles can be modulated based on variations in polypeptide concentration, salt identity, ionic strength, pH, and denaturing agents, as indicated via UV-Vis spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The irreversible particle formation is coupled with secondary conformational changes from a random coil conformation to a more ordered β-sheet structure. These RLP-based nanoparticles could find potential use as mechanically-responsive components in drug delivery, nanospring, nanotransducer, and biosensor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqing Li
- University of Delaware, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Newark, Delaware, 19716, United States
| | - Tianzhi Luo
- University of Delaware, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Newark, Delaware, 19716, United States
| | - Kristi L. Kiick
- University of Delaware, Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Biomedical Engineering, Newark, Delaware, 19716, United States; Delaware Biotechnology Institute, Newark, Delaware, 19711, United States
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158
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Huang W, Rollett A, Kaplan DL. Silk-elastin-like protein biomaterials for the controlled delivery of therapeutics. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 12:779-91. [PMID: 25476201 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.989830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetically engineered biomaterials are useful for controlled delivery owing to their rational design, tunable structure-function, biocompatibility, degradability and target specificity. Silk-elastin-like proteins (SELPs), a family of genetically engineered recombinant protein polymers, possess these properties. Additionally, given the benefits of combining semi-crystalline silk-blocks and elastomeric elastin-blocks, SELPs possess multi-stimuli-responsive properties and tunability, thereby becoming promising candidates for targeted cancer therapeutics delivery and controlled gene release. AREAS COVERED An overview of SELP biomaterials for drug delivery and gene release is provided. Biosynthetic strategies used for SELP production, fundamental physicochemical properties and self-assembly mechanisms are discussed. The review focuses on sequence-structure-function relationships, stimuli-responsive features and current and potential drug delivery applications. EXPERT OPINION The tunable material properties allow SELPs to be pursued as promising biomaterials for nanocarriers and injectable drug release systems. Current applications of SELPs have focused on thermally-triggered biomaterial formats for the delivery of therapeutics, based on local hyperthermia in tumors or infections. Other prominent controlled release applications of SELPs as injectable hydrogels for gene release have also been pursued. Further biomedical applications that utilize other stimuli to trigger the reversible material responses of SELPs for targeted delivery, including pH, ionic strength, redox, enzymatic stimuli and electric field, are in progress. Exploiting these additional stimuli-responsive features will provide a broader range of functional biomaterials for controlled therapeutics release and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Huang
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering , 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155 , USA
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159
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Demirel MC, Cetinkaya M, Pena-Francesch A, Jung H. Recent advances in nanoscale bioinspired materials. Macromol Biosci 2014; 15:300-11. [PMID: 25476469 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Natural materials have been a fundamental part of human life since the dawn of civilization. However, due to exploitation of natural resources and cost issues, synthetic materials replaced bio-derived materials in the last century. Recent advances in bio- and nano-technologies pave the way for developing eco-friendly materials that could be produced easily from renewable resources at reduced cost and in a broad array of useful applications. This feature article highlights structural and functional characteristics of bio-derived materials, which will expedite the design fabrication and synthesis of eco-friendly and recyclable advanced nano-materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melik C. Demirel
- Materials Research Institute; Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA
- Huck Institutes of Life Sciences; Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA
- College of Engineering; Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA
| | | | - Abdon Pena-Francesch
- College of Engineering; Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA
| | - Huihun Jung
- College of Engineering; Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA
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160
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Naqvi MA, Rauscher S, Pomès R, Rousseau D. The Conformational Ensemble of the β-Casein Phosphopeptide Reveals Two Independent Intrinsically Disordered Segments. Biochemistry 2014; 53:6402-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bi500107u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali Naqvi
- Department
of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Sarah Rauscher
- Max Plank Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Régis Pomès
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Molecular
Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Dérick Rousseau
- Department
of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
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161
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Dahesh M, Banc A, Duri A, Morel MH, Ramos L. Polymeric Assembly of Gluten Proteins in an Aqueous Ethanol Solvent. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:11065-76. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5047134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Dahesh
- Université Montpellier 2, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb
UMR 5221, F-34095, Montpellier, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb UMR 5221, F-34095, Montpellier, France
- UMR IATE, UM2-CIRAD-INRA-SupAgro, 2 pl Pierre Viala, 34070 Montpellier, France
| | - Amélie Banc
- Université Montpellier 2, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb
UMR 5221, F-34095, Montpellier, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb UMR 5221, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Agnès Duri
- UMR IATE, UM2-CIRAD-INRA-SupAgro, 2 pl Pierre Viala, 34070 Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Morel
- UMR IATE, UM2-CIRAD-INRA-SupAgro, 2 pl Pierre Viala, 34070 Montpellier, France
| | - Laurence Ramos
- Université Montpellier 2, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb
UMR 5221, F-34095, Montpellier, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb UMR 5221, F-34095, Montpellier, France
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162
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Li NK, Quiroz FG, Hall CK, Chilkoti A, Yingling YG. Molecular Description of the LCST Behavior of an Elastin-Like Polypeptide. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:3522-30. [DOI: 10.1021/bm500658w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe García Quiroz
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, P.O. Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | | | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, P.O. Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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163
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Balu R, Whittaker J, Dutta NK, Elvin CM, Choudhury NR. Multi-responsive biomaterials and nanobioconjugates from resilin-like protein polymers. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:5936-5947. [PMID: 32261846 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00726c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nature, through evolution over millions of years, has perfected materials with amazing characteristics and awe-inspiring functionalities that exceed the performance of man-made synthetic materials. One such remarkable material is native resilin - an extracellular skeletal protein that plays a major role in the jumping, flying, and sound production mechanisms in many insects. It is one of the most resilient (energy efficient) elastomeric biomaterials known with a resilience of ∼97% and a fatigue life in excess of 300 million cycles. Recently, resilin-like polypeptides (RLPs) with exquisite control over the amino acid sequence (comprising repeat resilin motifs) and tuneable biological properties and/or functions have been generated by genetic engineering and cloning techniques. RLPs have been the subject of intensive investigation over a decade and are now recognized to be multi-functional and multi-stimuli responsive; including temperature (exhibiting both an upper and a lower critical solution temperature), pH, moisture, ion and photo-responsive with tuneable photo-physical properties. Such unusual multi-stimuli responsiveness has scarcely been offered and reported for either synthetic or natural biopolymers. Furthermore, the directed molecular self-assembly property of RLPs also exhibits promise as efficient templates for the synthesis and stabilization of metal nanoparticles. These developments and observations reveal the opportunities and new challenges for RLPs as novel materials for nanotechnology, nanobiotechnology and therapeutic applications. In this review, we discuss and highlight the design and synthesis of different RLPs, their unique molecular architecture, advanced responsive behaviour, and functionality of hydrogels, solid-liquid interfaces, nanoparticles and nanobioconjugates derived from RLPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkamal Balu
- Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia.
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164
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Guerette PA, Hoon S, Ding D, Amini S, Masic A, Ravi V, Venkatesh B, Weaver JC, Miserez A. Nanoconfined β-sheets mechanically reinforce the supra-biomolecular network of robust squid Sucker Ring Teeth. ACS NANO 2014; 8:7170-9. [PMID: 24911543 DOI: 10.1021/nn502149u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The predatory efficiency of squid and cuttlefish (superorder Decapodiformes) is enhanced by robust Sucker Ring Teeth (SRT) that perform grappling functions during prey capture. Here, we show that SRT are composed entirely of related structural “suckerin” proteins whose modular designs enable the formation of nanoconfined β-sheet-reinforced polymer networks. Thirty-seven previously undiscovered suckerins were identified from transcriptomes assembled from three distantly related decapodiform cephalopods. Similarity in modular sequence design and exon–intron architecture suggests that suckerins are encoded by a multigene family. Phylogenetic analysis supports this view, revealing that suckerin genes originated in a common ancestor ~350 MYa and indicating that nanoconfined β-sheet reinforcement is an ancient strategy to create robust bulk biomaterials. X-ray diffraction, nanomechanical, and micro-Raman spectroscopy measurements confirm that the modular design of the suckerins facilitates the formation of β-sheets of precise nanoscale dimensions and enables their assembly into structurally robust supramolecular networks stabilized by cooperative hydrogen bonding. The suckerin gene family has likely played a key role in the evolutionary success of decapodiform cephalopods and provides a large molecular toolbox for biomimetic materials engineering.
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165
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Fuxreiter M, Tóth-Petróczy Á, Kraut DA, Matouschek AT, Lim RYH, Xue B, Kurgan L, Uversky VN. Disordered proteinaceous machines. Chem Rev 2014; 114:6806-43. [PMID: 24702702 PMCID: PMC4350607 DOI: 10.1021/cr4007329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Fuxreiter
- MTA-DE
Momentum Laboratory of Protein Dynamics, Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Tóth-Petróczy
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Daniel A. Kraut
- Department
of Chemistry, Villanova University, 800 East Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - Andreas T. Matouschek
- Section
of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Cellular &
Molecular Biology, The University of Texas
at Austin, 2506 Speedway, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Roderick Y. H. Lim
- Biozentrum
and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University
of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse
70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bin Xue
- Department of Cell Biology,
Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College
of Fine Arts and Sciences, and Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health
Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Lukasz Kurgan
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Cell Biology,
Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College
of Fine Arts and Sciences, and Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health
Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
- Institute
for Biological Instrumentation, Russian
Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region 119991, Russia
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166
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Muiznieks LD, Cirulis JT, van der Horst A, Reinhardt DP, Wuite GJ, Pomès R, Keeley FW. Modulated growth, stability and interactions of liquid-like coacervate assemblies of elastin. Matrix Biol 2014; 36:39-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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167
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Wise SG, Yeo GC, Hiob MA, Rnjak-Kovacina J, Kaplan DL, Ng MKC, Weiss AS. Tropoelastin: a versatile, bioactive assembly module. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1532-41. [PMID: 23938199 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Elastin provides structural integrity, biological cues and persistent elasticity to a range of important tissues, including the vasculature and lungs. Its critical importance to normal physiology makes it a desirable component of biomaterials that seek to repair or replace these tissues. The recent availability of large quantities of the highly purified elastin monomer, tropoelastin, has allowed for a thorough characterization of the mechanical and biological mechanisms underpinning the benefits of mature elastin. While tropoelastin is a flexible molecule, a combination of optical and structural analyses has defined key regions of the molecule that directly contribute to the elastomeric properties and control the cell interactions of the protein. Insights into the structure and behavior of tropoelastin have translated into increasingly sophisticated elastin-like biomaterials, evolving from classically manufactured hydrogels and fibers to new forms, stabilized in the absence of incorporated cross-linkers. Tropoelastin is also compatible with synthetic and natural co-polymers, expanding the applications of its potential use beyond traditional elastin-rich tissues and facilitating finer control of biomaterial properties and the design of next-generation tailored bioactive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven G Wise
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Giselle C Yeo
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Matti A Hiob
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - Jelena Rnjak-Kovacina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Martin K C Ng
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Anthony S Weiss
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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168
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Resilin: protein-based elastomeric biomaterials. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1601-11. [PMID: 23831198 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Resilin is an elastomeric protein found in insect cuticles and is remarkable for its high strain, low stiffness, and high resilience. Since the first resilin sequence was identified in Drosophilia melanogaster (fruit fly), researchers have utilized molecular cloning techniques to construct resilin-based proteins for a number of different applications. In addition to exhibiting the superior mechanical properties of resilin, resilin-based proteins are autofluorescent, display self-assembly properties, and undergo phase transitions in response to temperature. These properties have potential application in designing biosensors or environmentally responsive materials for use in tissue engineering or drug delivery. Furthermore, the capability of resilin-based biomaterials has been expanded by designing proteins that include both resilin-based sequences and bioactive domains such as cell-adhesion or matrix metalloproteinase sequences. These new materials maintain the superior mechanical and physical properties of resilin and also have the added benefit of controlling cell response. Because the mechanical and biological properties can be tuned through protein engineering, a wide range of properties can be achieved for tissue engineering applications including muscles, vocal folds, cardiovascular tissues, and cartilage.
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169
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Rawat N, Biswas P. Hydrogen Bond Dynamics in Intrinsically Disordered Proteins. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:3018-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5013544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Rawat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Parbati Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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170
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Reichheld SE, Muiznieks LD, Stahl R, Simonetti K, Sharpe S, Keeley FW. Conformational transitions of the cross-linking domains of elastin during self-assembly. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:10057-68. [PMID: 24550393 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.533893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastin is the intrinsically disordered polymeric protein imparting the exceptional properties of extension and elastic recoil to the extracellular matrix of most vertebrates. The monomeric precursor of elastin, tropoelastin, as well as polypeptides containing smaller subsets of the tropoelastin sequence, can self-assemble through a colloidal phase separation process called coacervation. Present understanding suggests that self-assembly is promoted by association of hydrophobic domains contained within the tropoelastin sequence, whereas polymerization is achieved by covalent joining of lysine side chains within distinct alanine-rich, α-helical cross-linking domains. In this study, model elastin polypeptides were used to determine the structure of cross-linking domains during the assembly process and the effect of sequence alterations in these domains on assembly and structure. CD temperature melts indicated that partial α-helical structure in cross-linking domains at lower temperatures was absent at physiological temperature. Solid-state NMR demonstrated that β-strand structure of the cross-linking domains dominated in the coacervate state, although α-helix was predominant after subsequent cross-linking of lysine side chains with genipin. Mutation of lysine residues to hydrophobic amino acids, tyrosine or alanine, leads to increased propensity for β-structure and the formation of amyloid-like fibrils, characterized by thioflavin-T binding and transmission electron microscopy. These findings indicate that cross-linking domains are structurally labile during assembly, adapting to changes in their environment and aggregated state. Furthermore, the sequence of cross-linking domains has a dramatic effect on self-assembly properties of elastin-like polypeptides, and the presence of lysine residues in these domains may serve to prevent inappropriate ordered aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean E Reichheld
- From the Molecular Structure and Function Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8 and
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171
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Whittaker J, Balu R, Choudhury NR, Dutta NK. Biomimetic protein-based elastomeric hydrogels for biomedical applications. POLYM INT 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Whittaker
- Ian Wark Research Institute, Mawson Lakes Campus; University of South Australia; Mawson Lakes Adelaide SA 5095 Australia
| | - Rajkamal Balu
- Ian Wark Research Institute, Mawson Lakes Campus; University of South Australia; Mawson Lakes Adelaide SA 5095 Australia
| | - Namita R. Choudhury
- Ian Wark Research Institute, Mawson Lakes Campus; University of South Australia; Mawson Lakes Adelaide SA 5095 Australia
| | - Naba K. Dutta
- Ian Wark Research Institute, Mawson Lakes Campus; University of South Australia; Mawson Lakes Adelaide SA 5095 Australia
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172
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dos Santos-Pinto JRA, Lamprecht G, Chen WQ, Heo S, Hardy JG, Priewalder H, Scheibel TR, Palma MS, Lubec G. Structure and post-translational modifications of the web silk protein spidroin-1 from Nephila spiders. J Proteomics 2014; 105:174-85. [PMID: 24434585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Spidroin-1 is one of the major ampullate silk proteins produced by spiders for use in the construction of the frame and radii of orb webs, and as a dragline to escape from predators. Only partial sequences of spidroin-1 produced by Nephila clavipes have been reported up to now, and there is no information on post-translational modifications (PTMs). A gel-based mass spectrometry strategy with ETD and CID fragmentation methods were used to sequence and determine the presence/location of any PTMs on the spidroin-1. Sequence coverage of 98.06%, 95.05%, and 98.37% were obtained for N. clavipes, Nephila edulis and for Nephila madagascariensis, respectively. Phosphorylation was the major PTM observed with 8 phosphorylation sites considered reliable on spidroin-1 produced by N. clavipes, 4 in N. madagascariensis and 2 for N. edulis. Dityrosine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (formed by oxidation of the spidroin-1) were observed, although the mechanism by which they are formed (i.e. exposure to UV radiation or to peroxidases in the major ampullate silk gland) is uncertain. Herein we present structural information on the spidroin-1 produced by three different Nephila species; these findings may be valuable for understanding the physicochemical properties of the silk proteins and moreover, future designs of recombinantly produced spider silk proteins. Biotechnological significance The present investigation shows for the first time spidroin structure and post-translational modifications observed on the major ampullate silk spidroin-1. The many site specific phosphorylations (localized within the structural motifs) along with the probably photoinduction of hydroxylations may be relevant for scientists in material science, biology, biochemistry and environmental scientists. Up to now all the mechanical properties of the spidroin have been characterized without any consideration about the existence of PTMs in the sequence of spidroins. Thus, these findings for major ampullate silk spidroin-1 from Nephila spiders provide the basis for mechanical-elastic property studies of silk for biotechnological and biomedical potential applications. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteomics of non-model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Roberto Aparecido dos Santos-Pinto
- Center of the Study of Social Insects, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, SP 13500, Brazil; Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Günther Lamprecht
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1230, Austria
| | - Wei-Qiang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Seok Heo
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - John George Hardy
- Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien, Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95447, Germany
| | - Helga Priewalder
- Department of Paleontology, Geological Survey of Austria, Vienna 1230, Austria
| | - Thomas Rainer Scheibel
- Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien, Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95447, Germany
| | - Mario Sergio Palma
- Center of the Study of Social Insects, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, SP 13500, Brazil.
| | - Gert Lubec
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.
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173
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Marhabaie M, Leeper TC, Blackledge TA. Protein Composition Correlates with the Mechanical Properties of Spider (Argiope trifasciata) Dragline Silk. Biomacromolecules 2013; 15:20-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bm401110b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Marhabaie
- Department
of Biology and Integrated Bioscience Program, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3908, United States
| | - Thomas C. Leeper
- Department
of Chemistry and Integrated Bioscience Program, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3601, United States
| | - Todd A. Blackledge
- Department
of Biology and Integrated Bioscience Program, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3908, United States
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174
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Miao M, Reichheld SE, Muiznieks LD, Huang Y, Keeley FW. Elastin Binding Protein and FKBP65 Modulate in Vitro Self-Assembly of Human Tropoelastin. Biochemistry 2013; 52:7731-41. [DOI: 10.1021/bi400760f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Miao
- Research
Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Sean E. Reichheld
- Research
Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Lisa D. Muiznieks
- Research
Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Yayi Huang
- Research
Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Fred W. Keeley
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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175
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Nourse A, Mittag T. The cytoplasmic domain of the T-cell receptor zeta subunit does not form disordered dimers. J Mol Biol 2013; 426:62-70. [PMID: 24120941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered regions in proteins play active roles in recognition, signaling and molecular sorting. They often undergo coupled folding and binding giving rise to largely ordered interfaces with their binding partners. The cytoplasmic region of the T-cell receptor zeta subunit (ζcyt) has been previously proposed to specifically dimerize in the absence of a disorder-to-order transition, suggesting an intriguing dimerization mechanism that may involve multiple transient interfaces. We show here using analytical ultracentrifugation, NMR, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and multi-angle light scattering that neither ζcyt nor the cytoplasmic region of CD3ε significantly populates a dimeric state but that they are mostly monomers in solution up to millimolar concentrations. They experience a salt- and concentration-dependent shift of their elution volume in SEC previously interpreted as dimerization. Our data show that ζcyt does not form a highly disordered protein complex and leaves open the question as to whether completely disordered dimers (or other oligomers) exist in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Nourse
- Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 311, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | - Tanja Mittag
- Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 311, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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176
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Yamanaka M, Ishizaki Y, Nakagawa T, Taoka A, Fukumori Y. Purification and Characterization of Coacervate-Forming Cuticular Proteins from Papilio xuthus Pupae. Zoolog Sci 2013; 30:534-42. [DOI: 10.2108/zsj.30.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yamanaka
- Division of Life Sciences, Graduate school of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yumi Ishizaki
- School of Natural System, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Taro Nakagawa
- School of Natural System, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Azuma Taoka
- School of Natural System, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Fukumori
- School of Natural System, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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177
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Li G, Pomès R. Binding mechanism of inositol stereoisomers to monomers and aggregates of Aβ(16-22). J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:6603-13. [PMID: 23627280 DOI: 10.1021/jp311350r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disease with no cure. A potential therapeutic approach is to prevent or reverse the amyloid formation of Aβ42, a key pathological hallmark of AD. We examine the molecular basis for stereochemistry-dependent inhibition of the formation of Aβ fibrils in vitro by a polyol, scyllo-inositol. We present molecular dynamics simulations of the monomeric, disordered aggregate, and protofibrillar states of Aβ(16-22), an amyloid-forming peptide fragment of full-length Aβ, successively with and without scyllo-inositol and its inactive stereoisomer chiro-inositol. Both stereoisomers bind monomers and disordered aggregates with similar affinities of 10-120 mM, whereas binding to β-sheet-containing protofibrils yields affinities of 0.2-0.5 mM commensurate with in vitro inhibitory concentrations of scyllo-inositol. Moreover, scyllo-inositol displays a higher binding specificity for phenylalanine-lined grooves on the protofibril surface, suggesting that scyllo-inositol coats the surface of Aβ protofibrils and disrupts their lateral stacking into amyloid fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Li
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A1
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178
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Graham LD, Glattauer V, Li D, Tyler MJ, Ramshaw JAM. The adhesive skin exudate of Notaden bennetti frogs (Anura: Limnodynastidae) has similarities to the prey capture glue of Euperipatoides sp. velvet worms (Onychophora: Peripatopsidae). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 165:250-9. [PMID: 23665109 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The dorsal adhesive secretion of the frog Notaden bennetti and the prey-capture "slime" ejected by Euperipatoides sp. velvet worms look and handle similarly. Both consist largely of protein (55-60% of dry weight), which provides the structural scaffold. The major protein of the onychophoran glue (Er_P1 for Euperipatoides rowelli) and the dominant frog glue protein (Nb-1R) are both very large (260-500 kDa), and both give oddly "turbulent" electrophoresis bands. Both major proteins, which are rich in Gly (16-17 mol%) and Pro (7-12 mol%) and contain 4-hydroxyproline (Hyp, 4 mol%), have the composition of intrinsically unstructured proteins. Their propensities for elastomeric or amyloid structures are discussed in light of Er_P1's large content of intrinsically disordered long tandem repeats. The low carbohydrate content of both glues is consistent with conventional protein glycosylation, which in the N. bennetti adhesive was explored by 2D PAGE. The N-linked sugars of Nb-1R appear to prevent inappropriate self-aggregation. Some peptide sequences from Nb-1R are presented. Overall, there are enough similarities between the frog and the velvet worm glues to suspect that they employ related mechanisms for setting and adhesion. A common paradigm is proposed for amphibian and onychophoran adhesives, which, if correct, points to convergent evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd D Graham
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, PO Box 52, North Ryde, Sydney, New South Wales 1670, Australia.
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179
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Theillet FX, Kalmar L, Tompa P, Han KH, Selenko P, Dunker AK, Daughdrill GW, Uversky VN. The alphabet of intrinsic disorder: I. Act like a Pro: On the abundance and roles of proline residues in intrinsically disordered proteins. INTRINSICALLY DISORDERED PROTEINS 2013; 1:e24360. [PMID: 28516008 PMCID: PMC5424786 DOI: 10.4161/idp.24360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A significant fraction of every proteome is occupied by biologically active proteins that do not form unique three-dimensional structures. These intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and IDP regions (IDPRs) have essential biological functions and are characterized by extensive structural plasticity. Such structural and functional behavior is encoded in the amino acid sequences of IDPs/IDPRs, which are enriched in disorder-promoting residues and depleted in order-promoting residues. In fact, amino acid residues can be arranged according to their disorder-promoting tendency to form an alphabet of intrinsic disorder that defines the structural complexity and diversity of IDPs/IDPRs. This review is the first in a series of publications dedicated to the roles that different amino acid residues play in defining the phenomenon of protein intrinsic disorder. We start with proline because data suggests that of the 20 common amino acid residues, this one is the most disorder-promoting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois-Xavier Theillet
- In-cell NMR Spectroscopy; Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP Berlin); Berlin, Germany
| | - Lajos Kalmar
- VIB Department of Structural Biology; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Tompa
- VIB Department of Structural Biology; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels, Belgium.,Institute of Enzymology; Research Centre for Natural Sciences; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kyou-Hoon Han
- Department of Bioinformatics; University of Science and Technology; Daejeon, Yuseong-gu, Korea.,Biomedical Translational Research Center; Division of Convergent Biomedical Research; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Daejeon, Yuseong-gu, Korea
| | - Philipp Selenko
- In-cell NMR Spectroscopy; Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP Berlin); Berlin, Germany
| | - A Keith Dunker
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Gary W Daughdrill
- Center for Drug Discovery and Innovation; Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology; University of South Florida; Tampa, FL USA
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute; College of Medicine; University of South Florida; Tampa, FL USA.,Institute for Biological Instrumentation; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Region, Russia
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180
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Le DHT, Hanamura R, Pham DH, Kato M, Tirrell DA, Okubo T, Sugawara-Narutaki A. Self-assembly of elastin-mimetic double hydrophobic polypeptides. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:1028-34. [PMID: 23495825 DOI: 10.1021/bm301887m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have constructed a novel class of "double-hydrophobic" block polypeptides based on the hydrophobic domains found in native elastin, an extracellular matrix protein responsible for the elasticity and resilience of tissues. The block polypeptides comprise proline-rich poly(VPGXG) and glycine-rich poly(VGGVG), both of which dehydrate at higher temperature but form distinct secondary structures, β-turn and β-sheet respectively. In water at 45 °C, the block polypeptides initially assemble into nanoparticles rich in β-turn structures, which further connect into long (>10 μm), beaded nanofibers along with the increase in the β-sheet content. The nanofibers obtained are well-dispersed in water, and show thermoresponsive properties. Polypeptides comprising each block component assemble into different morphologies, showing that the conjugation of poly(VPGXG) and poly(VGGVG) plays a role for beaded fiber formation. These results may provide innovative ideas for designing peptide-based materials but also opportunities for developing novel materials useful for tissue engineering and drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc H T Le
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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181
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Miao M, Sitarz E, Bellingham CM, Won E, Muiznieks LD, Keeley FW. Sequence and domain arrangements influence mechanical properties of elastin-like polymeric elastomers. Biopolymers 2013; 99:392-407. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Miao
- Molecular Structure and Function Program; Research Institute; The Hospital for Sick Children; 555 University Avenue; Toronto; ON; M5G1X8; Canada
| | - Eva Sitarz
- Molecular Structure and Function Program; Research Institute; The Hospital for Sick Children; 555 University Avenue; Toronto; ON; M5G1X8; Canada
| | - Catherine M. Bellingham
- Molecular Structure and Function Program; Research Institute; The Hospital for Sick Children; 555 University Avenue; Toronto; ON; M5G1X8; Canada
| | - Emily Won
- Molecular Structure and Function Program; Research Institute; The Hospital for Sick Children; 555 University Avenue; Toronto; ON; M5G1X8; Canada
| | - Lisa D. Muiznieks
- Molecular Structure and Function Program; Research Institute; The Hospital for Sick Children; 555 University Avenue; Toronto; ON; M5G1X8; Canada
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182
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183
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Abstract
Resilin is critical in the flight and jumping systems of insects as a polymeric rubber-like protein with outstanding elasticity. However, insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for resilin elasticity remains undefined. Here we report the structure and function of resilin from Drosophila CG15920. A reversible beta-turn transition was identified in the peptide encoded by exon III and for full length resilin during energy input and release, features that correlate to the rapid deformation of resilin during functions in vivo. Micellar structures and nano-porous patterns formed after beta-turn structures were present via changes in either the thermal or mechanical inputs. A model is proposed to explain the super elasticity and energy conversion mechanisms of resilin, providing important insight into structure-function relationships for this protein. Further, this model offers a view of elastomeric proteins in general where beta-turn related structures serve as fundamental units of the structure and elasticity.
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184
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Uversky VN, Dunker AK. The case for intrinsically disordered proteins playing contributory roles in molecular recognition without a stable 3D structure. F1000 BIOLOGY REPORTS 2013; 5:1. [PMID: 23361308 PMCID: PMC3542772 DOI: 10.3410/b5-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The classical 'lock-and-key' and 'induced-fit' mechanisms for binding both originated in attempts to explain features of enzyme catalysis. For both of these mechanisms and for their recent refinements, enzyme catalysis requires exquisite spatial and electronic complementarity between the substrate and the catalyst. Thus, binding models derived from models originally based on catalysis will be highly biased towards mechanisms that utilize structural complementarity. If mere binding without catalysis is the endpoint, then the structural requirements for the interaction become much more relaxed. Recent observations on specific examples suggest that this relaxation can reach an extreme lack of specific 3D structure, leading to molecular recognition with biological consequences that depend not only upon structural and electrostatic complementarity between the binding partners but also upon kinetic, entropic, and generalized electrostatic effects. In addition to this discussion of binding without fixed structure, examples in which unstructured regions carry out important biological functions not involving molecular recognition will also be discussed. Finally, we discuss whether 'intrinsically disordered protein' (IDP) represents a useful new concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, University of South Florida Tampa, FL 33612, USA ; Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
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185
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Minde DP, Halff EF, Tans S. Designing disorder: Tales of the unexpected tails. INTRINSICALLY DISORDERED PROTEINS 2013; 1:e26790. [PMID: 28516025 PMCID: PMC5424805 DOI: 10.4161/idp.26790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Protein tags of various sizes and shapes catalyze progress in biosciences. Well-folded tags can serve to solubilize proteins. Small, unfolded, peptide-like tags have become invaluable tools for protein purification as well as protein-protein interaction studies. Intrinsically Disordered Proteins (IDPs), which lack unique 3D structures, received exponentially increasing attention during the last decade. Recently, large ID tags have been developed to solubilize proteins and to engineer the pharmacological properties of protein and peptide pharmaceuticals. Here, we contrast the complementary benefits and applications of both folded and ID tags based on predictions of ID. Less structure often means more function in a shorter tag.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Els F Halff
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry; Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research; Utrecht University; Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Tans
- FOM Institute AMOLF; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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186
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Bochicchio B, Pepe A, Delaunay F, Lorusso M, Baud S, Dauchez M. Amyloidogenesis of proteolytic fragments of human elastin. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41893f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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187
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Heidebrecht A, Scheibel T. Recombinant production of spider silk proteins. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2013; 82:115-53. [PMID: 23415154 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407679-2.00004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Natural spider silk fibers combine extraordinary properties such as stability and flexibility which results in a toughness superseding that of all other fiber materials. As the spider's aggressive territorial behavior renders their farming not feasible, the biotechnological production of spider silk proteins (spidroins) is essential in order to investigate and employ them for applications. In order to accomplish this task, two approaches have been tested: firstly, the expression of partial cDNAs, and secondly, the expression of synthetic genes in several host organisms, including bacteria, yeast, plants, insect cells, mammalian cells, and transgenic animals. The experienced problems include genetic instability, limitations of the translational and transcriptional machinery, and low solubility of the produced proteins. Here, an overview of attempts to recombinantly produce spidroins will be given, and advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches and host organisms will be discussed.
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188
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Tompa P. Hydrogel formation by multivalent IDPs: A reincarnation of the microtrabecular lattice? INTRINSICALLY DISORDERED PROTEINS 2013; 1:e24068. [PMID: 28516006 PMCID: PMC5424804 DOI: 10.4161/idp.24068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Based on high-voltage electron microscopic (HVEM) data of fixed cultured cells, an elaborate three-dimensional network of filaments, including and interconnecting other elements of the cytoskeleton, was observed in cells some half a century ago. Despite many attempts and comparative studies, this “microtrabecular lattice” (MTL) of the cytoplasmic ground substance could not be established as a genuine component of the eukaryotic cell, and is mostly considered today as a sample-preparation artifact of protein adherence and cross-linking to the cytoskeleton. Here we elaborate on the provocative idea that recent observations of hydrogel-forming phase transitions of repetitive regions of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) bear resemblance in creation, organization and physical appearance to the MTL. We review this phenomenon in detail, and suggest that phase transitions of actin regulatory proteins, neurofilament side-arms and other proteins could generate non-uniform spatial distribution of cytoplasmic material in the vicinity of the cytoskeleton that might even give rise to fixation phenomena resembling the MTL. Whether such hydrogel formation by IDPs is a general physical phenomenon, will remain to be seen, nevertheless, the underlying organizational principle provokes novel experimental studies to uncover the ensuing higher-level regulation of cell physiology, in which the despised and long-forgotten concept of MTL might give some interesting leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Tompa
- VIB Department of Structural Biology; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels, Belgium.,Institute of Enzymology; Research Centre for Natural Sciences; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Budapest, Hungary
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189
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190
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Muiznieks LD, Keeley FW. Molecular assembly and mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix: A fibrous protein perspective. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1832:866-75. [PMID: 23220448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is an integral and dynamic component of all tissues. Macromolecular compositions and structural architectures of the matrix are tissue-specific and typically are strongly influenced by the magnitude and direction of biomechanical forces experienced as part of normal tissue function. Fibrous extracellular networks of collagen and elastin provide the dominant response to tissue mechanical forces. These matrix proteins enable tissues to withstand high tensile and repetitive stresses without plastic deformation or rupture. Here we provide an overview of the hierarchical molecular and supramolecular assembly of collagens and elastic fibers, and review their capacity for mechanical behavior in response to force. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Fibrosis: Translation of basic research to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa D Muiznieks
- Molecular Structure and Function Program, The Hospital For Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, Canada
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191
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McGann CL, Levenson EA, Kiick KL. Resilin-Based Hybrid Hydrogels for Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering. Macromolecules 2012; 214:203-213. [PMID: 23956463 DOI: 10.1002/macp.201200412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The outstanding elastomeric properties of natural resilin, an insect protein, have motivated the engineering of resilin-like polypeptides (RLPs) as a potential material for cardiovascular tissue engineering. The RLPs, which incorporate biofunctional domains for cell-matrix interactions, are cross-linked into RLP-PEG hybrid hydrogels via a Michael-type addition of cysteine residues on the RLP with vinyl sulfones of an end-functionalized multi-arm star PEG. Oscillatory rheology indicated the useful mechanical properties of these materials. Assessments of cell viability via con-focal microscopy clearly show the successful encapsulation of human aortic adventitial fibroblasts in the three-dimensional matrices and the adoption of a spread morphology following 7 days of culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L McGann
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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192
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Ghavami A, van der Giessen E, Onck PR. Coarse-Grained Potentials for Local Interactions in Unfolded Proteins. J Chem Theory Comput 2012; 9:432-40. [DOI: 10.1021/ct300684j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ghavami
- Micromechanics of Materials, Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik van der Giessen
- Micromechanics of Materials, Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick R. Onck
- Micromechanics of Materials, Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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193
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Biomaterial evolution parallels behavioral innovation in the origin of orb-like spider webs. Sci Rep 2012; 2:833. [PMID: 23150784 PMCID: PMC3495280 DOI: 10.1038/srep00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Correlated evolution of traits can act synergistically to facilitate organism function. But, what happens when constraints exist on the evolvability of some traits, but not others? The orb web was a key innovation in the origin of >12,000 species of spiders. Orb evolution hinged upon the origin of novel spinning behaviors and innovations in silk material properties. In particular, a new major ampullate spidroin protein (MaSp2) increased silk extensibility and toughness, playing a critical role in how orb webs stop flying insects. Here, we show convergence between pseudo-orb-weaving Fecenia and true orb spiders. As in the origin of true orbs, Fecenia dragline silk improved significantly compared to relatives. But, Fecenia silk lacks the high compliance and extensibility found in true orb spiders, likely due in part to the absence of MaSp2. Our results suggest how constraints limit convergent evolution and provide insight into the evolution of nature's toughest fibers.
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194
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Sequential origin in the high performance properties of orb spider dragline silk. Sci Rep 2012; 2:782. [PMID: 23110251 PMCID: PMC3482764 DOI: 10.1038/srep00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Major ampullate (MA) dragline silk supports spider orb webs, combining strength and extensibility in the toughest biomaterial. MA silk evolved ~376 MYA and identifying how evolutionary changes in proteins influenced silk mechanics is crucial for biomimetics, but is hindered by high spinning plasticity. We use supercontraction to remove that variation and characterize MA silk across the spider phylogeny. We show that mechanical performance is conserved within, but divergent among, major lineages, evolving in correlation with discrete changes in proteins. Early MA silk tensile strength improved rapidly with the origin of GGX amino acid motifs and increased repetitiveness. Tensile strength then maximized in basal entelegyne spiders, ~230 MYA. Toughness subsequently improved through increased extensibility within orb spiders, coupled with the origin of a novel protein (MaSp2). Key changes in MA silk proteins therefore correlate with the sequential evolution high performance orb spider silk and could aid design of biomimetic fibers.
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195
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Polymorphisms in the human tropoelastin gene modify in vitro self-assembly and mechanical properties of elastin-like polypeptides. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46130. [PMID: 23049958 PMCID: PMC3458006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Elastin is a major structural component of elastic fibres that provide properties of stretch and recoil to tissues such as arteries, lung and skin. Remarkably, after initial deposition of elastin there is normally no subsequent turnover of this protein over the course of a lifetime. Consequently, elastic fibres must be extremely durable, able to withstand, for example in the human thoracic aorta, billions of cycles of stretch and recoil without mechanical failure. Major defects in the elastin gene (ELN) are associated with a number of disorders including Supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS), Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) and autosomal dominant cutis laxa (ADCL). Given the low turnover of elastin and the requirement for the long term durability of elastic fibres, we examined the possibility for more subtle polymorphisms in the human elastin gene to impact the assembly and long-term durability of the elastic matrix. Surveys of genetic variation resources identified 118 mutations in human ELN, 17 being non-synonymous. Introduction of two of these variants, G422S and K463R, in elastin-like polypeptides as well as full-length tropoelastin, resulted in changes in both their assembly and mechanical properties. Most notably G422S, which occurs in up to 40% of European populations, was found to enhance some elastomeric properties. These studies reveal that even apparently minor polymorphisms in human ELN can impact the assembly and mechanical properties of the elastic matrix, effects that over the course of a lifetime could result in altered susceptibility to cardiovascular disease.
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196
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Seo M, Rauscher S, Pomès R, Tieleman DP. Improving Internal Peptide Dynamics in the Coarse-Grained MARTINI Model: Toward Large-Scale Simulations of Amyloid- and Elastin-like Peptides. J Chem Theory Comput 2012; 8:1774-1785. [PMID: 22582033 PMCID: PMC3348680 DOI: 10.1021/ct200876v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We present an extension of the coarse-grained MARTINI model for proteins and apply this extension to amyloid- and elastin-like peptides. Atomistic simulations of tetrapeptides, octapeptides, and longer peptides in solution are used as a reference to parametrize a set of pseudodihedral potentials that describe the internal flexibility of MARTINI peptides. We assess the performance of the resulting model in reproducing various structural properties computed from atomistic trajectories of peptides in water. The addition of new dihedral angle potentials improves agreement with the contact maps computed from atomistic simulations significantly. We also address the question of which parameters derived from atomistic trajectories are transferable between different lengths of peptides. The modified coarse-grained model shows reasonable transferability of parameters for the amyloid- and elastin-like peptides. In addition, the improved coarse-grained model is also applied to investigate the self-assembly of β-sheet forming peptides on the microsecond time scale. The octapeptides SNNFGAIL and (GV)(4) are used to examine peptide aggregation in different environments, in water, and at the water-octane interface. At the interface, peptide adsorption occurs rapidly, and peptides spontaneously aggregate in favor of stretched conformers resembling β-strands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikyung Seo
- Department of Biological Sciences
and Institute for Biocomplexity and Informatics, University
of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sarah Rauscher
- Molecular Structure and Function,
Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Régis Pomès
- Molecular Structure and Function,
Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - D. Peter Tieleman
- Department of Biological Sciences
and Institute for Biocomplexity and Informatics, University
of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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197
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Rauscher S, Pomès R. Structural disorder and protein elasticity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 725:159-83. [PMID: 22399324 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0659-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
An emerging class of disordered proteins underlies the elasticity of many biological tissues. Elastomeric proteins are essential to the function of biological machinery as diverse as the human arterial wall, the capture spiral of spider webs and the jumping mechanism of fleas. In this chapter, we review what is known about the molecular basis and the functional role of structural disorder in protein elasticity. In general, the elastic recoil of proteins is due to a combination of internal energy and entropy. In rubber-like elastomeric proteins, the dominant driving force is the increased entropy of the relaxed state relative to the stretched state. Aggregates of these proteins are intrinsically disordered or fuzzy, with high polypeptide chain entropy. We focus our discussion on the sequence, structure and function of five rubber-like elastomeric proteins, elastin, resilin, spider silk, abductin and ColP. Although we group these disordered elastomers together into one class of proteins, they exhibit a broad range of sequence motifs, mechanical properties and biological functions. Understanding how sequence modulates both disorder and elasticity will help advance the rational design of elastic biomaterials such as artificial skin and vascular grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Rauscher
- Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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198
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Creasey RG, Voelcker NH, Schultz CJ. Investigation of self-assembling proline- and glycine-rich recombinant proteins and peptides inspired by proteins from a symbiotic fungus using atomic force microscopy and circular dichroism spectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2012; 1824:711-22. [PMID: 22425601 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fiber-forming proteins and peptides are being scrutinized as a promising source of building blocks for new nanomaterials. Arabinogalactan-like (AGL) proteins expressed at the symbiotic interface between plant roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have novel sequences, hypothesized to form polyproline II (PPII) helix structures. The functional nature of these proteins is unknown but they may form structures for the establishment and maintenance of fungal hyphae. Here we show that recombinant AGL1 (rAGL1) and recombinant AGL3 (rAGL3) are extended proteins based upon secondary structural characteristics determined by electronic circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and can self-assemble into fibers and microtubes as observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). CD spectroscopy results of synthetic peptides based on repeat regions in AGL1, AGL2 and AGL3 suggest that the synthetic peptides contain significant amounts of extended PPII helices and that these structures are influenced by ionic strength and, at least in one case, by concentration. Point mutations of a single residue of the repeat region of AGL3 resulted in altered secondary structures. Self-assembly of these repeats was observed by means of AFM and optical microscopy. Peptide (APADGK)(6) forms structures with similar morphology to rAGL1 suggesting that these repeats are crucial for the morphology of rAGL1 fibers. These novel self-assembling sequences may find applications as precursors for bioinspired nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon G Creasey
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Australia.
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199
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Bochicchio B, Pepe A. Role of polyproline II conformation in human tropoelastin structure. Chirality 2012; 23:694-702. [PMID: 22135799 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the molecular studies on human tropoelastin domains accomplished by Tamburro and co-workers in the last decade. The used approach is the reductionist approach applied to human tropoelastin and is based on the observation that the tropoelastin gene exhibits a cassette-like organization, with a regular alternation of cross-linking and hydrophobic domains putatively responsible for the elasticity of the protein. The peculiar structure of human tropoelastin gene prompted us to study the isolated domains encoded by the exons of tropoelastin, with the perspective to get deep insights into the structural properties of the whole protein. At the molecular level, the results clearly evidence large flexibility of the polypeptide chains in the hydrophobic domains, which oscillate between rather extended and folded conformations. An important role was assigned to poly-proline II conformation considered as the hinge structure in the dynamic conformational equilibrium suggested for the hydrophobic domains. For the lysine-rich cross-linking domains, the structural studies exactly localized α-helix along the polypeptide sequence. Furthermore, at supramolecular level, these studies showed that several domains are able to self-assemble in two different aggregation patterns, the fibrous elastin-like structure for some proline-rich hydrophobic domains and the amyloid-like for some glycine-rich hydrophobic domains. Accordingly, the studies suggest that the reductionist approach was a valid tool for studying a complex protein, such as elastin, elucidating not only the structure but also the specific role played by its constituent domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigida Bochicchio
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Department of Chemistry A. M. Tamburro, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy.
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200
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Anderson VL, Webb WW. A desolvation model for trifluoroethanol-induced aggregation of enhanced green fluorescent protein. Biophys J 2012; 102:897-906. [PMID: 22385861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of amyloid disease-associated proteins in aqueous solutions containing 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) have shown that the formation of structural intermediates is often correlated with enhanced protein aggregation. Here, enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) is used as a model protein system to investigate the causal relationship between TFE-induced structural transitions and aggregation. Using circular dichroism spectroscopy, light scattering measurements, and transmission electron microscopy imaging, we demonstrate that population of a partially α-helical, monomeric intermediate is roughly correlated with the growth of β-sheet-rich, flexible fibrils for acid-denatured EGFP. By fitting our circular dichroism data to a model in which TFE-water mixtures are assumed to be ideal solutions, we show that increasing entropic costs of protein solvation in TFE-water mixtures may both cause the population of the intermediate state and increase aggregate production. Tertiary structure and electrostatic repulsion also impede aggregation. We conclude that initiation of EGFP aggregation in TFE likely involves overcoming of multiple protective factors, rather than stabilization of aggregation-prone structural elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie L Anderson
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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