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Wang X, Fa XE. Knockdown of UCA1 inhibits viability and glycolysis by suppressing PKM2 expression through the mTOR pathway in non-small cell lung cancer cells. RSC Adv 2018; 8:10610-10619. [PMID: 35540445 PMCID: PMC9078902 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00860d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
LncRNA urothelial carcinoma associated 1 (UCA1) was reported to be upregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and contributed to NSCLC progression. Additionally, it has been proposed that the oncogenic role of UCA1 may be related to glucose metabolism in bladder cancer. However, whether and how UCA1 regulates glucose metabolism in the progression of NSCLC remains unknown. Our results showed that knockdown of UCA1 inhibited the viability of NSCLC cells. UCA1 silencing suppressed glycolysis of NSCLC cells by reducing the glucose consumption and lactate production. Additionally, knockdown of UCA1 suppressed PKM2 expression and the mTOR pathway in NSCLC cells. Mechanistically, PKM2 knockdown suppressed the effects of UCA1 on viability and glycolysis of NSCLC cells and inhibition of the mTOR pathway suppressed the effects of UCA1 on viability, glycolysis, and PKM2 expression in NSCLC cells. In conclusion, knockdown of UCA1 inhibited viability and glycolysis by suppressing PKM2 expression maybe through the mTOR pathway in NSCLC cells, providing a novel insight into the molecular mechanism of UCA1 involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism in NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuguang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
| | - Xian-En Fa
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University No. 2 Jingba Road Zhengzhou 450014 P. R. China
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152
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Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Defining risk factors for DKD using a reductionist approach has proven challenging. Integrative omics-based systems biology tools have shed new insights in our understanding of DKD and have provided several key breakthroughs for identifying novel predictive and diagnostic biomarkers. In this review, we highlight the role of the Warburg effect in DKD and potential regulating factors such as sphingomyelin, fumarate, and pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme M2 in shifting glucose flux from complete oxidation in mitochondria to the glycolytic pathway and its principal branches. With the development of highly sensitive instruments and more advanced automatic bioinformatics tools, we believe that omics analyses and imaging techniques will focus more on singular-cell-level studies, which will allow in-depth understanding of DKD and pave the path for personalized kidney precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanshi Zhang
- Center for Renal Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX; Audie L. Murphy Memorial VA Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX
| | - Manjula Darshi
- Center for Renal Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX; Audie L. Murphy Memorial VA Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX
| | - Kumar Sharma
- Center for Renal Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX; Audie L. Murphy Memorial VA Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX.
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153
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Pyruvate kinase M2 regulates photoreceptor structure, function, and viability. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:240. [PMID: 29445082 PMCID: PMC5833680 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0296-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a glycolytic enzyme that is expressed in cancer cells. Its role in tumor metabolism is not definitively established, but investigators have suggested that regulation of PKM2 activity can cause accumulation of glycolytic intermediates and increase flux through the pentose phosphate pathway. Recent evidence suggests that PKM2 also may have non-metabolic functions, including as a transcriptional co-activator in gene regulation. We reported previously that PKM2 is abundant in photoreceptor cells in mouse retinas. In the present study, we conditionally deleted PKM2 (rod-cre PKM2-KO) in rod photoreceptors and found that the absence of PKM2 causes increased expression of PKM1 in rods. Analysis of metabolic flux from U-13C glucose shows that rod-cre PKM2-KO retinas accumulate glycolytic intermediates, consistent with an overall reduction in the amount of pyruvate kinase activity. Rod-cre PKM2-KO mice also have an increased NADPH availability could favor lipid synthesis, but we found no difference in phospholipid synthesis between rod-cre PKM2 KO and PKM2-positive controls. As rod-cre PKM2-KO mice aged, we observed a significant loss of rod function, reduced thickness of the photoreceptor outer segment layer, and reduced expression of photoreceptor proteins, including PDE6β. The rod-cre PKM2-KO retinas showed greater TUNEL staining than wild-type retinas, indicating a slow retinal degeneration. In vitro analysis showed that PKM2 can regulate transcriptional activity from the PDE6β promoter in vitro. Our findings indicate that both the metabolic and transcriptional regulatory functions of PKM2 may contribute to photoreceptor structure, function, and viability.
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154
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Ouyang X, Han SN, Zhang JY, Dioletis E, Nemeth BT, Pacher P, Feng D, Bataller R, Cabezas J, Stärkel P, Caballeria J, Pongratz RL, Cai SY, Schnabl B, Hoque R, Chen Y, Yang WH, Garcia-Martinez I, Wang FS, Gao B, Torok NJ, Kibbey RG, Mehal WZ. Digoxin Suppresses Pyruvate Kinase M2-Promoted HIF-1α Transactivation in Steatohepatitis. Cell Metab 2018; 27:339-350.e3. [PMID: 29414684 PMCID: PMC5806149 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sterile inflammation after tissue damage is a ubiquitous response, yet it has the highest amplitude in the liver. This has major clinical consequences, for alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH and NASH) account for the majority of liver disease in industrialized countries and both lack therapy. Requirements for sustained sterile inflammation include increased oxidative stress and activation of the HIF-1α signaling pathway. We demonstrate the ability of digoxin, a cardiac glycoside, to protect from liver inflammation and damage in ASH and NASH. Digoxin was effective in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and suppressing HIF-1α pathway activation. A proteomic screen revealed that digoxin binds pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), and independently of PKM2 kinase activity results in chromatin remodeling and downregulation of HIF-1α transactivation. These data identify PKM2 as a mediator and therapeutic target for regulating liver sterile inflammation, and demonstrate a novel role for digoxin that can effectively protect the liver from ASH and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinshou Ouyang
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Sheng-Na Han
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ji-Yuan Zhang
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Evangelos Dioletis
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Balazs Tamas Nemeth
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, NIAAA/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, NIAAA/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dechun Feng
- NIAAA, NIH, 5625 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ramon Bataller
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Joaquin Cabezas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Peter Stärkel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saint-Luc Academic Hospital and Institute of Clinical Research, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joan Caballeria
- Unidad de Hepatología, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Shi-Ying Cai
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rafaz Hoque
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yonglin Chen
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Wei-Hong Yang
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Institute of Translational Hepatology, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Bin Gao
- NIAAA, NIH, 5625 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Natalie Julia Torok
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology, and Hepatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Wajahat Zafar Mehal
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; West Haven Veterans Medical Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
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155
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Shankar Babu M, Mahanta S, Lakhter AJ, Hato T, Paul S, Naidu SR. Lapachol inhibits glycolysis in cancer cells by targeting pyruvate kinase M2. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191419. [PMID: 29394289 PMCID: PMC5796696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Reliance on aerobic glycolysis is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Although pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a key mediator of glycolysis in cancer cells, lack of selective agents that target PKM2 remains a challenge in exploiting metabolic pathways for cancer therapy. We report that unlike its structural analog shikonin, a known inhibitor of PKM2, lapachol failed to induce non-apoptotic cell death ferroxitosis in hypoxia. However, melanoma cells treated with lapachol showed a dose-dependent inhibition of glycolysis and a corresponding increase in oxygen consumption. Accordingly, in silico studies revealed a high affinity-binding pocket for lapachol on PKM2 structure. Lapachol inhibited PKM2 activity of purified enzyme as well as in melanoma cell extracts. Blockade of glycolysis by lapachol in melanoma cells led to decreased ATP levels and inhibition of cell proliferation. Furthermore, perturbation of glycolysis in melanoma cells with lapachol sensitized cells to mitochondrial protonophore and promoted apoptosis. These results present lapachol as an inhibitor of PKM2 to interrogate metabolic plasticity in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Shankar Babu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Sailendra Mahanta
- Structural Biology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Alexander J. Lakhter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Takashi Hato
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Subhankar Paul
- Structural Biology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Samisubbu R. Naidu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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156
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Lu J, Chen M, Gao S, Yuan J, Zhu Z, Zou X. LY294002 inhibits the Warburg effect in gastric cancer cells by downregulating pyruvate kinase M2. Oncol Lett 2018. [PMID: 29541204 PMCID: PMC5835956 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ‘Warburg effect’ is considered a vital hallmark of cancer cells, characterized by an altered metabolism, in which cells rely on aerobic glycolysis. As a key enzyme of aerobic glycolysis, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) serves a crucial role in tumorigenesis. Accumulating studies have indicated that PKM2 is a potential target for cancer therapy. The aim of the present study was to assess the anticancer effects of LY294002, a specific phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitor, on gastric cancer (GC) cells and further explore its possible mechanism in vitro. The present study revealed that LY294002 inhibited GC cell proliferation, induced early apoptosis and significantly decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity and lactate production, in part through inhibiting PKM2 expression. In summary, LY294002 exhibits anticancer effects on GC, partly via the downregulation of PKM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Sumeng Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Jigang Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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157
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The mechanisms of malic enzyme 2 in the tumorigenesis of human gliomas. Oncotarget 2018; 7:41460-41472. [PMID: 27166188 PMCID: PMC5173072 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The high level of resistance of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) to currently used chemotherapies and other conventional therapies, its invasive characteristics and the presence of stem-like cells are the major factors that make the treatment of GBM difficult. Recent studies have demonstrated that the homeostasis of energy metabolism, glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidation of glucose are important for GBM cell growth and chemo-resistance. However, it is not clear which specific gene(s) are involved in the homeostasis of energy metabolism and invasiveness of GBM cells. We performed a preliminary analysis of data obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus profiles and determined that malic enzyme 2 (ME2) expression was positively associated with WHO grade in human primary gliomas. Hence, we evaluated the detailed working mechanisms of ME2 in human GBM cell processes, including proliferation, cell cycle, invasion, migration, ROS, and ATP production. Our data demonstrated that ME2 was involved in GBM growth, invasion and migration. ME2 has two cofactors, NAD+ or NADP+, which are used to produce NADH and NADPH for ATP production and ROS clearance, respectively. If the catalytic activity of ME2 is determined to be critical for its roles in GBM growth, invasion and migration, small molecule inhibitors of ME2 may be valuable drugs for GBM therapy. We hope that our current data provides a candidate treatment strategy for GBM.
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158
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Guo C, Li G, Hou J, Deng X, Ao S, Li Z, Lyu G. Tumor pyruvate kinase M2: A promising molecular target of gastrointestinal cancer. Chin J Cancer Res 2018; 30:669-676. [PMID: 30700935 PMCID: PMC6328500 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2018.06.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Tumor markers are valuable in detecting post-surgical recurrence or in monitoring response to chemotherapy. Pyruvate kinase isoform M2 (PKM2), a glycolytic enzyme catalyzing conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to pyruvate, confers a growth advantage to the tumor cells and enables them to adapt to the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we have summarized current research on the expression and regulation of PKM2 in tumor cells, and its potential role in GI carcinogenesis and progression. Furthermore, we have also discussed the potential of PKM2 as a diagnostic and screening marker, and a therapeutic target in GI cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Guo
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Jianing Hou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Xingming Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Sheng Ao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Zhuofei Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Guoqing Lyu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
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159
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Adem S, Comakli V, Uzun N. Pyruvate kinase activators as a therapy target: a patent review 2011-2017. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2018; 28:61-68. [PMID: 28994333 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2018.1391218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is well known that cancer cells have an altered metabolism both to meet the energy needs and to provide initial molecules for the synthesis of macromolecules. To cope with the new metabolic state, different forms of certain enzymes are expressed in extreme amounts. These enzymes are seen as very attractive targets to deal with cancer. Pyruvate kinases isoenzyme M2 (PKM2) is a key enzyme that determines whether glucose is used for energy or synthesis of biosynthetic molecules. The dimeric form of PKM2 main form in several cancer cells serves the formation of synthetic precursors required for the cell growth and proliferation from glycolytic intermediates. AREAS COVERED This article reviews appropriate publications on PKM2 activators from the points of view of synthesis and biological activities between 2011-2017. Herein, based on the chemical structure, PKM2 activators are classified into sulfonamide, phenolic, carboxamide and pyridopyrimidinone derivatives. EXPERT OPINION PKM2 activation inhibits cell growth and proliferation by decreasing a number of biomolecules required for cell building. Therefore; PKM2 activators are considered as an ideal drug for or the treatment of many cancer pathogens. It is necessary to discover new, more active and selective compounds for PKM2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevki Adem
- a Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department , Cankiri Karatekin University , Cankiri , Turkey
| | - Veysel Comakli
- b High School of Health , Agrı Ibrahim Cecen University , Agri , Turkey
| | - Naim Uzun
- c Faculty of Pharmacy , Agrı Ibrahim Cecen University , Agri , Turkey
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160
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Xu Q, Tu J, Dou C, Zhang J, Yang L, Liu X, Lei K, Liu Z, Wang Y, Li L, Bao H, Wang J, Tu K. HSP90 promotes cell glycolysis, proliferation and inhibits apoptosis by regulating PKM2 abundance via Thr-328 phosphorylation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:178. [PMID: 29262861 PMCID: PMC5738801 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0748-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) functions as a well-known onco-protein to regulate protein conformation, stability and degradation. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), a critical regulator of the metabolism, growth and metastasis of cancer cells, has been confirmed to be overexpressed in various human cancer including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the oncogenic functions of HSP90 and PKM2 overexpression in HCC remain unknown. METHODS The expression of HSP90 and PKM2 in HCC specimens and cells were detected by immunoblotting and immunostaining. The interaction between HSP90 and PKM2 was confirmed by tandem affinity purification, co-immunoprecipitation and Glutathione S transferase (GST)-pulldown assay. RESULTS In this study, we found that HSP90 could bind to PKM2 and subsequently increased PKM2 abundance in HCC cells. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining showed that HSP90 level was positively correlated with PKM2 level in HCC tissues. Mechanistically, HSP90 was found to increase the phosphorylation of PKM2 at Thr-328. Protein kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) formed a protein complex with HSP90 and PKM2, and directly mediated Thr-328 phosphorylation of PKM2 induced by HSP90. Thr-328 phosphorylation was critical for maintaining PKM2 stability and its biological functions in regulating glycolysis, mitochondria respiration, proliferation and apoptosis. Functionally, we found that HSP90 promoted the glycolysis and proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of HCC cells in a PKM2 dependent manner. In vivo experiments disclosed that PKM2 was required for the promoting effects of HSP90 on the growth of HCC cells in mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that positive expression of HSP90 and PKM2 was correlated with poor clinicopathological features including high alpha fetoprotein (AFP) level, large tumor size, portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) and advanced tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage. Furthermore, we demonstrated that positive expression of HSP90 and PKM2, and a combination of these proteins could strongly predict the poor prognosis of HCC patients. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that HSP90 potentiates the glycolysis and proliferation, reduces the apoptosis and thus enhances the growth of HCC cells through PKM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuran Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Jianfeng Tu
- Department of Emergency, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Changwei Dou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061 China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Kefeng Lei
- Department of Gynecology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Zhikui Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061 China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061 China
| | - Lijie Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Hangxing Bao
- Zhejiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medical, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006 China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000 China
| | - Kangsheng Tu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061 China
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161
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Ning X, Qi H, Li R, Jin Y, McNutt MA, Yin Y. Synthesis and antitumor activity of novel 2, 3-didithiocarbamate substituted naphthoquinones as inhibitors of pyruvate kinase M2 isoform. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 33:126-129. [PMID: 29185365 PMCID: PMC6010099 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1404591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKM2) is a potential antitumor therapeutic target. In this study, we designed and synthesised a series of 2, 3-didithiocarbamate substituted naphthoquinones as PKM2 inhibitors based on the lead compound 3k that we previously reported. Among them, compound 3f (IC50 = 1.05 ± 0.17 µM) and 3h (IC50 = 0.96 ± 0.18 µM) exhibited potent inhibition of PKM2, and their inhibitory activities are superior to compound 3k (IC50 = 2.95 ± 0.53 µM) and the known PKM2 inhibitor shikonin (IC50 = 8.82 ± 2.62 µM). In addition, we evaluated in vitro antiproliferative effects of target compounds using MTS assay. Most target compounds exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity with IC50 values in nanomolar concentrations against HCT116, MCF7, Hela, H1299 and B16 cells. These small molecule PKM2 inhibitors not only provide candidate compounds for cancer therapy, but also offer a tool to probe the biological effects of PKM2 inhibition on cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianling Ning
- a Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China.,b Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
| | - Hailong Qi
- a Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China.,c Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
| | - Ridong Li
- a Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China.,b Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
| | - Yan Jin
- a Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China.,d Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
| | - Michael A McNutt
- a Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China.,d Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
| | - Yuxin Yin
- a Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China.,c Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China.,d Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
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162
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Nargund AM, Pham CG, Dong Y, Wang PI, Osmangeyoglu HU, Xie Y, Aras O, Han S, Oyama T, Takeda S, Ray CE, Dong Z, Berge M, Hakimi AA, Monette S, Lekaye CL, Koutcher JA, Leslie CS, Creighton CJ, Weinhold N, Lee W, Tickoo SK, Wang Z, Cheng EH, Hsieh JJ. The SWI/SNF Protein PBRM1 Restrains VHL-Loss-Driven Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cell Rep 2017; 18:2893-2906. [PMID: 28329682 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PBRM1 is the second most commonly mutated gene after VHL in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, the biological consequences of PBRM1 mutations for kidney tumorigenesis are unknown. Here, we find that kidney-specific deletion of Vhl and Pbrm1, but not either gene alone, results in bilateral, multifocal, transplantable clear cell kidney cancers. PBRM1 loss amplified the transcriptional outputs of HIF1 and STAT3 incurred by Vhl deficiency. Analysis of mouse and human ccRCC revealed convergence on mTOR activation, representing the third driver event after genetic inactivation of VHL and PBRM1. Our study reports a physiological preclinical ccRCC mouse model that recapitulates somatic mutations in human ccRCC and provides mechanistic and therapeutic insights into PBRM1 mutated subtypes of human ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita M Nargund
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Can G Pham
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yiyu Dong
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Patricia I Wang
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hatice U Osmangeyoglu
- Department of Computational Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yuchen Xie
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Omer Aras
- Gerstner Sloan Kettering School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Song Han
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Toshinao Oyama
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shugaku Takeda
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chelsea E Ray
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Zhenghong Dong
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mathieu Berge
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - A Ari Hakimi
- Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sebastien Monette
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Carl L Lekaye
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jason A Koutcher
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christina S Leslie
- Department of Computational Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nils Weinhold
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - William Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Satish K Tickoo
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Emily H Cheng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - James J Hsieh
- Molecular Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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163
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Chen L, Tang Z, Wang X, Ma H, Shan D, Cui S. PKM2 aggravates palmitate-induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells via STAT3 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 492:109-115. [PMID: 28802581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Studies have identified that PKM2 is related to the development of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in rodents and humans. However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. In the present study, we found that PKM2 expression was significantly elevated in insulin-resistant hepatic tissues and hepatocytes, implicating an association between PKM2 expression and hepatic insulin resistance (IR). In vitro study revealed that overexpression of PKM2 impaired the insulin signaling pathway by decreasing the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β). Furthermore, PKM2 overexpression enhanced the effects of PA on the lipid accumulation, the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and hepatic glucose uptake. Intriguingly, PA-induced insulin resistance was suppressed following by the ablation of PKM2 in HepG2 cells. We also found that STAT3 was significantly activated by PKM2 overexpression. Moreover, we identified that PKM2 could interact directly with STAT3. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that PKM2 may promote hepatic IR via STAT3 pathway and would provide a new insight into dissecting the molecular pathogenesis of hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuqi Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwei Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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164
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Abstract
Protein modification with the small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) can affect protein function, enzyme activity, protein-protein interactions, protein stability, protein targeting and cellular localization. SUMO influences the function and regulation of metabolic enzymes within pathways, and in some cases targets entire metabolic pathways by affecting the activity of transcription factors or by facilitating the translocation of entire metabolic pathways to subcellular compartments. SUMO modification is also a key component of nutrient- and metabolic-sensing mechanisms that regulate cellular metabolism. In addition to its established roles in maintaining metabolic homeostasis, there is increasing evidence that SUMO is a key factor in facilitating cellular stress responses through the regulation and/or adaptation of the most fundamental metabolic processes, including energy and nucleotide metabolism. This review focuses on the role of SUMO in cellular metabolism and metabolic disease.
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165
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Li Z, Li H, Lu Y, Yang P, Li Z. Berberine Inhibited the Proliferation of Cancer Cells by Suppressing the Activity of Tumor Pyruvate Kinase M2. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from coptis, exerts anti-proliferation and anticancer properties. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a key enzyme of aerobic glycolysis and considered as the potential anticancer target. However, the inhibition effects and interaction action between Berberine and PKM2 is not well known. In this study, berberine showed antitumor activity of HCT-116 and HeLa cells with the suppression of cell proliferation. Moreover, berberine inhibited the enzyme activity of PKM2 in cancer cells, but had no impact on PKM2 expression. Further research showed that the interaction between berberine and PKM2 was dynamic fluorescence quenching and the main intermolecular force was hydrogen bonding. These findings revealed that berberine may serve as a therapeutic drug for cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Hanqing Li
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yangxu Lu
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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166
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Zhang LF, Jiang S, Liu MF. MicroRNA regulation and analytical methods in cancer cell metabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2929-2941. [PMID: 28321489 PMCID: PMC11107497 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The reprogramming of glucose metabolism from oxidative to glycolytic metabolism, known as the Warburg effect, is an anomalous characteristic of cancer cell metabolism. Recent studies have revealed a subset of microRNAs (miRNAs) that play critical roles in regulating the reprogramming of glucose metabolism in cancer cells. These miRNAs regulate cellular glucose metabolism by directly targeting multiple metabolic genes, including those encoding key glycolytic enzymes. In the first part of this review, we summarized the recent knowledge of miRNA regulation in the reprogramming of glucose metabolism in cancer cells and discussed the potential utilization of the key miRNA regulators as metabolic targets for developing new antitumor agents. Then, we summarized recent advances in methods and techniques for studying miRNA regulation in cancer cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Fei Zhang
- Center for RNA Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
| | - Mo-Fang Liu
- Center for RNA Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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167
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Dasgupta A, Paul D, De RK. A fuzzy logic controller based approach to model the switching mechanism of the mammalian central carbon metabolic pathway in normal and cancer cells. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 12:2490-505. [PMID: 27225801 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00131a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dynamics of large nonlinear complex systems, like metabolic networks, depend on several parameters. A metabolic pathway may switch to another pathway in accordance with the current state of parameters in both normal and cancer cells. Here, most of the parameter values are unknown to us. A fuzzy logic controller (FLC) has been developed here for the purpose of modeling metabolic networks by approximating the reasons for the behaviour of a system and applying expert knowledge to track switching between metabolic pathways. The simulation results can track the switching between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, as well as glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathways (PPP) in normal cells. Unlike normal cells, pyruvate kinase (M2 isoform) (PKM2) switches alternatively between its two oligomeric forms, i.e. an active tetramer and a relatively low activity dimer, in cancer cells. Besides, there is a coordination among PKM2 switching and enzymes catalyzing PPP. These phenomena help cancer cells to maintain their high energy demand and macromolecular synthesis. However, the reduction of initial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to a very low concentration, decreasing initial glucose uptake, destroying coordination between glycolysis and PPP, and replacement of PKM2 by its relatively inactive oligomeric form (dimer) or inhibition of the translation of PKM2 may destabilize the mutated control mechanism of the mammalian central carbon metabolic (CCM) pathway in cancer cells. The performance of the model is compared appropriately with some existing ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Dasgupta
- Machine Intelligence Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B.T. Road, Kolkata 700108, West Bengal, India.
| | - Debjyoti Paul
- Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B.T. Road, Kolkata 700108, West Bengal, India.
| | - Rajat K De
- Machine Intelligence Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B.T. Road, Kolkata 700108, West Bengal, India.
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168
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Eason K, Sadanandam A. Molecular or Metabolic Reprograming: What Triggers Tumor Subtypes? Cancer Res 2017; 76:5195-200. [PMID: 27635042 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity is reflected and influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and metabolic differences in cancer cells and their interactions with a complex microenvironment. This heterogeneity has resulted in the stratification of tumors into subtypes, mainly based on cancer-specific genomic or transcriptomic profiles. Subtyping can lead to biomarker identification for personalized diagnosis and therapy, but stratification alone does not explain the origins of tumor heterogeneity. Heterogeneity has traditionally been thought to arise from distinct mutations/aberrations in "driver" oncogenes. However, certain subtypes appear to be the result of adaptation to the disrupted microenvironment caused by abnormal tumor vasculature triggering metabolic switches. Moreover, heterogeneity persists despite the predominance of single oncogenic driver mutations, perhaps due to second metabolic or genetic "hits." In certain cancer types, existing subtypes have metabolic and transcriptomic phenotypes that are reminiscent of normal differentiated cells, whereas others reflect the phenotypes of stem or mesenchymal cells. The cell-of-origin may, therefore, play a role in tumor heterogeneity. In this review, we focus on how cancer cell-specific heterogeneity is driven by different genetic or metabolic factors alone or in combination using specific cancers to illustrate these concepts. Cancer Res; 76(18); 5195-200. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Eason
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anguraj Sadanandam
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.
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169
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Shang Y, He J, Wang Y, Feng Q, Zhang Y, Guo J, Li J, Li S, Wang Y, Yan G, Ren F, Shi Y, Xu J, Zeps N, Zhai Y, He D, Chang Z. CHIP/Stub1 regulates the Warburg effect by promoting degradation of PKM2 in ovarian carcinoma. Oncogene 2017; 36:4191-4200. [PMID: 28346425 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells preferentially adopt aerobic glycolysis for their energy supply, a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect. It remains a matter of debate as to how the Warburg effect is regulated during tumor progression. Here, we show that CHIP (carboxyl terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein), a U-box E3 ligase, suppresses tumor progression in ovarian carcinomas by inhibiting aerobic glycolysis. While CHIP is downregulated in ovarian carcinoma, induced expression of CHIP results in significant inhibition of the tumor growth examined by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Reciprocally, depletion of CHIP leads to promotion of tumor growth. By a SiLAD proteomics analysis, we identified pyruvate kinase isoenzyme M2 (PKM2), a critical regulator of glycolysis in tumors, as a target that CHIP mediated for degradation. Accordingly, we show that CHIP regulates PKM2 protein stability and thereafter the energy metabolic processes. Depletion or knockout of CHIP increased the glycolytic products in both tumor and mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. Simultaneously, we observed that CHIP expression inversely correlated with PKM2 levels in human ovarian carcinomas. This study reveals a mechanism that the Warburg effect is regulated by CHIP through its function as an E3 ligase, which mediates the degradation of PKM2 during tumor progression. Our findings shed new light into understanding of ovarian carcinomas and may provide a new therapeutic strategy for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shang
- The Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - J He
- The Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Q Feng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - J Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - J Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - S Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - G Yan
- The Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - F Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Shi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - J Xu
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia (M504), Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - N Zeps
- School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia (M509), Crawley, WA, Australia
- St John of God HealthCare, The Bendat Family Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Subiaco, WA, Australia
| | - Y Zhai
- The Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - D He
- The Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Z Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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170
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Pyruvate kinase M2 deregulation enhances the metastatic potential of tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:68252-68262. [PMID: 28978113 PMCID: PMC5620253 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) has been verified to correlate with the prognosis of many types of cancer. However, its role in the development and metastasis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) remains unclear. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) results confirmed that PKM2 is overexpressed in patients with TSCC. PKM2 up-regulation was related to lymph node metastasis and associated with reduced overall survival. According to the microarray analysis and Western blots, PKM2 expression was up-regulated in TSCC cells with enhanced metastatic potential. PKM2 knockdown inhibited cell migration and invasion, reduced SOD2 (manganese superoxide dismutase) activity and the intracellular H2O2 level, and inhibited tumour growth and lung metastasis in vivo. PKM2 overexpression promoted cell migration and invasion, and increased SOD2 activity and the intracellular H2O2 level. Moreover, miR-138 directly targeted PKM2 and inhibited PKM2 expression. Thus, PKM2 deregulation plays an important role in TSCC and may serve as a biomarker of metastatic potential or as a therapeutic target in patients with TSCC. PKM2, a miR-138 target gene, enhances the metastatic potential of TSCC through the SOD2-H2O2 pathway.
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171
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Ji F, Guo B, Wang N, Zhong C, Huang L, Huang Y, Wei L, Su M, Jiang Y, Jin Q, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Yang J, Chen T. Pyruvate kinase M2 interacts with mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 and inhibits tamoxifen-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317692251. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317692251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen has been reported to be associated with antagonism of estrogen-mediated cell growth signaling and activation of estrogen receptor–independent apoptosis events. It has been demonstrated that mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 is a direct target of Caspases to amplify the apoptotic signaling pathway. Here, we presented that breast cancer MCF-7 and SKBR3 cells under treatment with 4-hydroxytamoxifen displayed decreased level of pyruvate kinase M2. Western blot results also showed that 4-hydroxytamoxifen induced the activity of pro-apoptotic protein Caspase-3 in MCF-7 and SKBR3 cells, as evidenced by the cleavage of mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 substrate in a dose-dependent manner. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence experiments were performed to clarify the relationship between pyruvate kinase M2 and mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1. The results indicated that mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 was associated with pyruvate kinase M2 in cultured mammalian cells, and the interaction between mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 and pyruvate kinase M2 was decreased in response to 4-hydroxytamoxifen treatment. In addition, knockdown of pyruvate kinase M2 upregulated the level of cleaved Caspase-3 and subsequently facilitated the nuclear translocation of mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1. Our data further supplemented the extensive functions of pyruvate kinase M2 in mediating breast cancer cell viability by substantially abating the mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1–mediated apoptosis. In summary, our results identified that mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 is a novel downstream target of pyruvate kinase M2, and knockdown of pyruvate kinase M2 contributes apoptosis via promoting nuclear translocation of mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 by enhancing Caspase-3-dependent cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bianqin Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Nian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changli Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunxiu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Su
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yulin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qianni Jin
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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172
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Li L, Zhu L, Hao B, Gao W, Wang Q, Li K, Wang M, Huang M, Liu Z, Yang Q, Li X, Zhong Z, Huang W, Xiao G, Xu Y, Yao K, Liu Q. iNOS-derived nitric oxide promotes glycolysis by inducing pyruvate kinase M2 nuclear translocation in ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:33047-33063. [PMID: 28380434 PMCID: PMC5464849 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis is essential for tumor growth and survival. Activation of multiple carcinogenic signals contributes to metabolism reprogramming during malignant transformation of cancer. Recently nitric oxide has been noted to promote glycolysis but the mechanism remains elusive. We report here the dual role of nitric oxide in glycolysis: low/physiological nitric oxide (≤ 100 nM) promotes glycolysis for ATP production, oxidative defense and cell proliferation of ovary cancer cells, whereas excess nitric oxide (≥ 500 nM) inhibits it. Nitric oxide has a positive effect on glycolysis by inducing PKM2 nuclear translocation in an EGFR/ERK2 signaling-dependent manner. Moreover, iNOS induced by mild inflammatory stimulation increased glycolysis and cell proliferation by producing low doses of nitric oxide, while hyper inflammation induced iNOS inhibited it by producing excess nitric oxide. Finally, iNOS expression is abnormally increased in ovarian cancer tissues and is correlated with PKM2 expression. Overexpression of iNOS is associated with aggressive phenotype and poor survival outcome in ovarian cancer patients. Our study indicated that iNOS/NO play a dual role of in tumor glycolysis and progression, and established a bridge between iNOS/NO signaling pathway and EGFR/ERK2/PKM2 signaling pathway, suggesting that interfering glycolysis by targeting the iNOS/NO/PKM2 axis may be a valuable new therapeutic approach of treating ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lingqun Zhu
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bingtao Hao
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qianli Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Keyi Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Mengqiu Huang
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhengjun Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qiaohong Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xiqing Li
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Zhuo Zhong
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510800, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guanghui Xiao
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Kaitai Yao
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qiuzhen Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Shen J, Liu H, Mu C, Wolfram J, Zhang W, Kim HC, Zhu G, Hu Z, Ji LN, Liu X, Ferrari M, Mao ZW, Shen H. Multi-step encapsulation of chemotherapy and gene silencing agents in functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:5329-5341. [PMID: 28398453 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr00377c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Drug to carrier ratio is an important consideration in designing drug platforms, since a low loading capacity necessitates the use of high doses of carriers, which can result in side effects. Here, we have engineered a platform to co-deliver small molecule drugs and small interfering RNA (siRNA). This platform consists of cyclodextrin-grafted polyethylenimine (CP) functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNP). A unique multi-step encapsulation procedure was used to obtain a high loading capacity for doxorubicin (DOX) and siRNA oligos specific for the PKM2 gene that encodes pyruvate kinase M2, an enzyme catalyzing the final rate-limiting step in glycolysis. We systematically characterized this platform (CP-MSNP@DOX/PKM2) in vitro and evaluated its therapeutic efficacy in vivo with a mouse model of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Exposure of TNBC cells to CP-MSNP@DOX/PKM2 resulted in suppressed target gene expression, reduced cell proliferation, and enhanced apoptosis. Intravenous administration of the drug substantially decreased the tumor burden in comparison to DOX or siRNA monotherapy. In conclusion, we have developed a platform for efficient co-delivery of small molecule drugs and therapeutic siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Shen
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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174
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Guo CY, Yan C, Luo L, Goto S, Urata Y, Xu JJ, Wen XM, Kuang YK, Tou FF, Li TS. Enhanced expression of PKM2 associates with the biological properties of cancer stem cells from A549 human lung cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2161-2166. [PMID: 28259998 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells express the M2 isoform of glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase (PKM2) for favoring the survival under a hypoxic condition. Considering the relative low oxygen microenvironment in stem cell niche, we hypothesized that an enhanced PKM2 expression associates with the biological properties of cancer stem cells. We used A549 human lung cancer cell line and surgical resected lung cancer tissue samples from patients for experiments. We confirmed the co-localization of PKM2 and CD44, a popular marker for cancer stem cells in lung cancer tissue samples from patients. The expression of PKM2 was clearly observed in approximately 80% of the A549 human lung cancer cells. Remarkably, enhanced expression of PKM2 was specially observed in these cells that also positively expressed CD44. Downregulation of PKM2 in CD44+ cancer stem cells by siRNA significantly impaired the potency for spheroid formation, decreased the cell survival under fetal bovine serum deprivation and hypoxic conditions, but increased their sensitivity to anti-cancer drug of cisplatin and γ-ray. The enhanced expression of PKM2 seems to associate with the biological properties of cancer stem cells from A549 human lung cancer cells. Selective targeting of PKM2 may provide a new strategy for cancer therapy, especially for patients with therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ying Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Lan Luo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Shinji Goto
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yoshishige Urata
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Jian-Jun Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ming Wen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Kang Kuang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Fang Tou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, P.R. China
| | - Tao-Sheng Li
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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175
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Chattopadhyay E, Roy B. Altered Mitochondrial Signalling and Metabolism in Cancer. Front Oncol 2017; 7:43. [PMID: 28373964 PMCID: PMC5357656 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria being the central organelle for metabolism and other cell signalling pathways have remained the topic of interest to tumour biologists. In spite of the wide acceptance of Warburg’s hypothesis, role of mitochondrial metabolism in cancer is still unclear. Uncontrolled growth and proliferation, hallmarks of tumour cells, are maintained when the cells adapt to metabolic reprogramming with the help of altered metabolism of mitochondria. This review has focussed on different aspects of mitochondrial metabolism and inter-related signalling pathways which have been found to be modified in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bidyut Roy
- Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute , Kolkata , India
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176
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Morandi A, Taddei ML, Chiarugi P, Giannoni E. Targeting the Metabolic Reprogramming That Controls Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Aggressive Tumors. Front Oncol 2017; 7:40. [PMID: 28352611 PMCID: PMC5348536 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process allows the trans-differentiation of a cell with epithelial features into a cell with mesenchymal characteristics. This process has been reported to be a key priming event for tumor development and therefore EMT activation is now considered an established trait of malignancy. The transcriptional and epigenetic reprogramming that governs EMT has been extensively characterized and reviewed in the last decade. However, increasing evidence demonstrates a correlation between metabolic reprogramming and EMT execution. The aim of the current review is to gather the recent findings that illustrate this correlation to help deciphering whether metabolic changes are causative or just a bystander effect of EMT activation. The review is divided accordingly to the catabolic and anabolic pathways that characterize carbohydrate, aminoacid, and lipid metabolism. Moreover, at the end of each part, we have discussed a series of potential metabolic targets involved in EMT promotion and execution for which drugs are either available or that could be further investigated for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Morandi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Taddei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Paola Chiarugi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education DenoTHE, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Giannoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
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177
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Talesa VN, Ferri I, Bellezza G, Love HD, Sidoni A, Antognelli C. Glyoxalase 2 Is Involved in Human Prostate Cancer Progression as Part of a Mechanism Driven By PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling With Involvement of PKM2 and ERα. Prostate 2017; 77:196-210. [PMID: 27696457 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glyoxalase 2 (Glo2), together with glyoxalase 1 (Glo1), forms the main scavenging system of methylglyoxal, a potent pro-apoptotic agent mainly generated by glycolysis. An increased rate of glycolysis is a well known signature of cancer cells. As a survival strategy, Glo1 is overexpressed in many human malignant cells, including prostate cancer (PCa), where it plays a crucial role in progression. No information is available on the role of Glo2 in the same ambit. PCa is the most common malignancy affecting men in the western world. Progression to a lethal hormone-refractory PCa represents the major concern in this pathology. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying PCa invasiveness and metastasis is urgently needed in order to develop novel therapeutic targets for this incurable state of the malignancy. METHODS Glo2 and Glo1 expression was examined in clinical samples of PCa by immunohistochemistry and in different PCa cell models by western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Gene silencing/overexpression and scavenging/inhibitory agents were used for functional analyses. RESULTS We demonstrated that Glo2, together with Glo1, represents a novel mechanism in PCa progression as part of a pathway driven by PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling with involvement of PKM2 and ERα. Importantly, Glo1/Glo2 silencing did not alter the behavior of benign cells. CONCLUSIONS Targeting glyoxalases metabolic pathway may represent a strategy to selectively inhibit advanced PCa. Prostate 77:196-210, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo N Talesa
- Division of Biosciences and Medical Embryology, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ivana Ferri
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Guido Bellezza
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Harold D Love
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Angelo Sidoni
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cinzia Antognelli
- Division of Biosciences and Medical Embryology, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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178
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Zhang F, Lin JD, Zuo XY, Zhuang YX, Hong CQ, Zhang GJ, Cui XJ, Cui YK. Elevated transcriptional levels of aldolase A (ALDOA) associates with cell cycle-related genes in patients with NSCLC and several solid tumors. BioData Min 2017; 10:6. [PMID: 28191039 PMCID: PMC5297095 DOI: 10.1186/s13040-016-0122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aldolase A (ALDOA) is one of the glycolytic enzymes primarily found in the developing embryo and adult muscle. Recently, a new role of ALDOA in several cancers has been proposed. However, the underlying mechanism remains obscure and inconsistent. In this study, we tried to investigate ALDOA-associated (AA) genes using available microarray datasets to help elucidating the role of ALDOA in cancer. RESULTS In the dataset of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC, E-GEOD-19188), 3448 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including ALDOA were identified, in which 710 AA genes were found to be positively associated with ALDOA. Then according to correlation coefficients between each pair of AA genes, ALDOA-associated gene co-expression network (GCN) was constructed including 182 nodes and 1619 edges. 11 clusters out of GCN were detected by ClusterOne plugin in Cytoscape, and only 3 of them have more than three nodes. These three clusters were functionally enriched. A great number of genes (43/79, 54.4%) in the biggest cluster (Cluster 1) primarily involved in biological process like cell cycle process (Pa = 6.76E-26), mitotic cell cycle (Pa = 4.09E-19), DNA repair (Pa = 1.13E-04), M phase of meiotic cell cycle (Pa = 0.006), positive regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity during mitotic cell cycle (Pa = 0.014). AA genes with highest degree and betweenness were considered as hub genes of GCN, namely CDC20, MELK, PTTG1, CCNB2, CDC45, CCNB1, TK1 and PSMB2, which could distinguish cancer from normal controls with ALDOA. Their positive association with ALDOA remained after removing the effect of HK2 and PKM, the two rate limiting enzymes in glycolysis. Further, knocking down ALDOA blocked breast cancer cells in the G0/G1 phase under minimized glycolysis. All suggested that ALDOA might affect cell cycle progression independent of glycolysis. RT-qPCR detection confirmed the relationship of ALDOA with CDC45 and CCNB2 in breast tumors. High expression of the hub genes indicated poor outcome in NSCLC. ALDOA could improve their predictive power. CONCLUSIONS ALDOA could contribute to the progress of cancer, at least partially through its association with genes relevant to cell cycle independent of glycolysis. AA genes plus ALDOA represent a potential new signature for development and prognosis in several cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 China
| | - Jie-Diao Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zuo
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Yi-Xuan Zhuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 China
| | - Chao-Qun Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Cui
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
| | - Yu-Kun Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 China
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179
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Wu H, Wang Y, Wu C, Yang P, Li H, Li Z. Resveratrol Induces Cancer Cell Apoptosis through MiR-326/PKM2-Mediated ER Stress and Mitochondrial Fission. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:9356-9367. [PMID: 27960279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (Res), a natural phytoalexin found in a variety of plants, has significant antitumor activity. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) has abnormally high expression in various tumor cells, and it has been implicated in the survival of tumors. However, whether and how Res inhibits PKM2 expression is poorly understood. In the present study, we found that treatment with Res inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. The IC50 values of Res against DLD1, HeLa, and MCF-7 cells were 75 ± 4.54, 50 ± 3.65, and 50 ± 3.32 μM, respectively. To elucidate mechanisms underlying its antitumor activities, serial experiments were performed. Results showed that reduction of PKM2 expression in tumor cells by Res treatment increased the expression of ER stress and mitochondrial fission proteins but reduced cell viability and the levels of fusion proteins. These phenomena were reversed by artificial overexpression of PKM2. Quantitative analyses showed that the expression of microRNA-326 (miR-326) was increased upon Res treatment. Treatment with the miR-326 mimic reduced PKM2 expression, promoting recovery from ER stress and mitochondrial fission. Overall, these results demonstrate that miR-326/PKM2-mediated ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction participate in apoptosis induced by Res. These results provide novel insight into the molecular mechanisms by which Res suppresses tumors and further support for the use of Res as an antitumor drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Changxin Wu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Hanqing Li
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006, China
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180
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Deng J, Lü S, Liu H, Liu B, Jiang C, Xu Q, Feng J, Wang X. Homocysteine Activates B Cells via Regulating PKM2-Dependent Metabolic Reprogramming. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:170-183. [PMID: 27903739 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The overactivation of immune cells plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy)-accelerated atherosclerosis. Homocysteine (Hcy) activates B cell proliferation and Ab secretion; however, the underlying mechanisms for these effects remain largely unknown. Metabolic reprogramming is critical for lymphocyte activation and effector function. In this study, we showed that Hcy-activated B cells displayed an increase in both oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, with a tendency to shift toward the latter, as well as an accumulation of intermediates in the pentose phosphate pathway, to provide energy and biosynthetic substrates for cell growth and function. Mechanistically, Hcy increased both the protein expression and glycolytic enzyme activity of the pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme 2 (PKM2) in B cells, whereas the PKM2 inhibitor shikonin restored Hcy-induced metabolic changes, as well as B cell proliferation and Ab secretion both in vivo and in vitro, indicating that PKM2 plays a critical role in metabolic reprogramming in Hcy-activated B cells. Further investigation revealed that the Akt-mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathway was involved in this process, as the mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitor rapamycin inhibited Hcy-induced changes in PKM2 enzyme activity and B cell activation. Notably, shikonin treatment effectively attenuated HHcy-accelerated atherosclerotic lesion formation in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that PKM2 is required to support metabolic reprogramming for Hcy-induced B cell activation and function, and it might serve as a critical regulator in HHcy-accelerated initiation of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Deng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Silin Lü
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Huiying Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre for Vascular Regeneration, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China; and
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181
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Wu H, Yang P, Hu W, Wang Y, Lu Y, Zhang L, Fan Y, Xiao H, Li Z. Overexpression of PKM2 promotes mitochondrial fusion through attenuated p53 stability. Oncotarget 2016; 7:78069-78082. [PMID: 27801666 PMCID: PMC5363644 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
M2-type pyruvate kinase (PKM2) contributes to the Warburg effect. However, it remains unknown as to whether PKM2 has an inhibitory effect on mitochondrial function. We report in this work that PKM2 overexpression inhibits the expression of Drp1 and results in the mitochondrial fusion. The ATP production was found to be decreased, the mtDNA copy number elevated and the expression level of electron transport chain (ETC) complex I, III, V depressed in PKM2 overexpressed cells. PKM2 overexpression showed a decreased p53 protein level and a shorter p53 half-life. In contrast, PKM2 knockdown resulted in increased p53 expression and prolonged half-life of p53. PKM2 could directly bind with both p53 and MDM2 and promote MDM2-mediated p53 ubiquitination. The dimeric PKM2 significantly suppressed p53 expression compared with the other PKM2 mutants. The reverse relationship between PKM2 and Drp1 was further confirmed in a large number of clinical samples. Taken together, the present results highlight a new mechanism that link PKM2 to mitochondrial function, based on p53-Drp1 axis down regulation, revealing a novel therapeutic target in patients with abnormal mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Wanglai Hu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yangxu Lu
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Lichao Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yongsheng Fan
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Hong Xiao
- The first hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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182
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Yuan S, Qiao T, Zhuang X, Chen W, Xing N, Zhang Q. Knockdown of the M2 Isoform of Pyruvate Kinase (PKM2) with shRNA Enhances the Effect of Docetaxel in Human NSCLC Cell Lines In Vitro. Yonsei Med J 2016; 57:1312-23. [PMID: 27593857 PMCID: PMC5011261 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.6.1312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of our study was to explore the relationships between the M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKM2) and the sensitivity of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells to docetaxel in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS With the method of plasmid transfection, we silenced the expression of PKM2 successfully in A549 and H460 cells. Western blotting and real-time PCR were applied to detect PKM2 expression at protein and gene levels. Cell viability was examined by CCK8 assay. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were examined by flow cytometry. P21 and Bax were detected. RESULTS Expression of PKM2 mRNA and protein were significantly decreased by shRNA targeting PKM2. Silencing of PKM2 increased docetaxel sensitivity of human NSCLC A549 and H460 cells in a collaborative manner, resulting in strong suppression of cell viability. The results of flow cytometric assays suggested that knockdown of PKM2 or docetaxel treatment, whether used singly or in combination, blocked the cells in the G2/M phase, which is in consistent with the effect of the two on the expression of p21. Cells with PKM2 silencing were more likely to be induced into apoptosis by docetaxel although knockdown of PKM2 alone can't induce apoptosis significantly, which is in consistent with the effect of the two on Bax expression. CONCLUSION The results suggest that PKM2 knockdown could serve as a chemosensitizer to docetaxel in non-small lung cancer cells through targeting PKM2, leading to inhibition of cell viability, increase of cell arrest of G2/M phase and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital, Medical Center of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiankui Qiao
- Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital, Medical Center of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xibing Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital, Medical Center of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital, Medical Center of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Xing
- Department of Radiotherapy, Donghua Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Dongguan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital, Medical Center of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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183
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Liu ZX, Hong L, Fang SQ, Tan GH, Huang PG, Zeng Z, Xia X, Wang XX. Overexpression of pyruvate kinase M2 predicts a poor prognosis for patients with osteosarcoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14923-14928. [PMID: 27644251 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5401-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
It is stated that high expression of pyruvate kinase (PKM2) emerges as a significant player in the metabolism and progression of various human malignancies. However, the expression of PKM2 and its association with the prognosis of osteosarcoma had not yet been studied. In the present study, the expression and biological significance of PKM2 in osteosarcoma were investigated. We found that PKM2 expression was elevated in the cancerous tissues and it was more abundant than the adjacent normal tissues (60.2 vs 26.1 %, p < 0.001). Moreover, we showed that high PKM2 expression was positively correlated with Enneking stage (p = 0.006) and distant metastasis (p = 0.007) but not with the age, gender, tumor site, tumor size, histologic grade, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and local pain of the patients. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the overall survival (OS) for patients with high PKM2 expression was significantly lower than those with low PKM2 expression (p < 0.001). Finally, multivariate analysis revealed that high PKM2 expression was an independent prognostic factor for osteosarcoma patients (p = 0.004). Collectively, these data indicated that elevated PKM2 might serve as a novel target for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Xuan Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, 35 Jiefang Road, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 421001
| | - Liang Hong
- Department of Joint Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, 35 Jiefang Road, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 421001
| | - Song-Qing Fang
- Clinical skill center, Medical college, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Hua Tan
- Department of Joint Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, 35 Jiefang Road, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 421001
| | - Pei-Guan Huang
- Department of Joint Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, 35 Jiefang Road, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 421001
| | - Zhi Zeng
- Department of Joint Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, 35 Jiefang Road, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 421001
| | - Xue Xia
- Department of Joint Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, 35 Jiefang Road, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 421001
| | - Xiao-Xu Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, 35 Jiefang Road, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 421001.
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184
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Wei L, Li K, Pang X, Guo B, Su M, Huang Y, Wang N, Ji F, Zhong C, Yang J, Zhang Z, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Chen T. Leptin promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition of breast cancer via the upregulation of pyruvate kinase M2. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2016; 35:166. [PMID: 27769315 PMCID: PMC5073421 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0446-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating researches have shown that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to tumor metastasis. Leptin, a key adipokine secreted from adipocytes, shapes the tumor microenvironment, potentiates the migration of breast cancer cells and angiogenesis, and is also involved in EMT. However, the potential mechanism remains unknown. This study aims to explore the effect of leptin on EMT in breast cancer cells and the underlying mechanism. METHODS With the assessment of EMT-associated marker expression in MCF-7, SK-BR-3, and MDA-MB-468 cells, the effect of leptin on breast cancer cells was analyzed. Besides, an array of pathway inhibitors as well as RNA interference targeting pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) were used to clarify the underlying mechanism of leptin-mediated EMT in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The results demonstrated that leptin promoted breast cancer cells EMT, visibly activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and upregulated PKM2 expression. An antibody against the leptin receptor (anti-ObR) and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway inhibitor LY294002 significantly abolished leptin-induced PKM2 expression and EMT-associated marker expression. SiRNA targeting PKM2 partially abolished leptin-induced migration, invasion, and EMT-associated marker expression. In vivo xenograft experiments indicated that RNA interference against PKM2 suppressed breast cancer growth and metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that leptin promotes EMT in breast cancer cells via the upregulation of PKM2 expression as well as activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and PKM2 might be one of the key points and potential targets for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Kuangfa Li
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Xueli Pang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Bianqin Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing, 400030 China
| | - Min Su
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Yunxiu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Nian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Feihu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Changli Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Junhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Zhiqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Yulin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Yifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Tingmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
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185
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Bravo-Adame ME, Vera-Estrella R, Barkla BJ, Martínez-Campos C, Flores-Alcantar A, Ocelotl-Oviedo JP, Pedraza-Alva G, Rosenstein Y. An alternative mode of CD43 signal transduction activates pro-survival pathways of T lymphocytes. Immunology 2016; 150:87-99. [PMID: 27606486 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD43 is one of the most abundant co-stimulatory molecules on a T-cell surface; it transduces activation signals through its cytoplasmic domain, contributing to modulation of the outcome of T-cell responses. The aim of this study was to uncover new signalling pathways regulated by this sialomucin. Analysis of changes in protein abundance allowed us to identify pyruvate kinase isozyme M2 (PKM2), an enzyme of the glycolytic pathway, as an element potentially participating in the signalling cascade resulting from the engagement of CD43 and the T-cell receptor (TCR). We found that the glycolytic activity of this enzyme was not significantly increased in response to TCR+CD43 co-stimulation, but that PKM2 was tyrosine phosphorylated, suggesting that it was performing moonlight functions. We report that phosphorylation of both Y105 of PKM2 and of Y705 of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 was induced in response to TCR+CD43 co-stimulation, resulting in activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (MEK5/ERK5) pathway. ERK5 and the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) were activated, and c-Myc and nuclear factor-κB (p65) nuclear localization, as well as Bad phosphorylation, were augmented. Consistent with this, expression of human CD43 in a murine T-cell hybridoma favoured cell survival. Altogether, our data highlight novel signalling pathways for the CD43 molecule in T lymphocytes, and underscore a role for CD43 in promoting cell survival through non-glycolytic functions of metabolic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Bravo-Adame
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.,Posgrado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, UNAM, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Rosario Vera-Estrella
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Bronwyn J Barkla
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Cecilia Martínez-Campos
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.,Posgrado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, UNAM, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Angel Flores-Alcantar
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Jose Pablo Ocelotl-Oviedo
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Gustavo Pedraza-Alva
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Yvonne Rosenstein
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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186
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Liang F, Li Q, Li X, Li Z, Gong Z, Deng H, Xiang B, Zhou M, Li X, Li G, Zeng Z, Xiong W. TSC22D2 interacts with PKM2 and inhibits cell growth in colorectal cancer. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:1046-56. [PMID: 27573352 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified TSC22D2 (transforming growth factor β-stimulated clone 22 domain family, member 2) as a novel cancer-associated gene in a rare multi-cancer family. However, its role in tumor development remains completely unknown. In this study, we found that TSC22D2 was significantly downregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) and that TSC22D2 overexpression inhibited cell growth. Using a co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assay combined with mass spectrometry analysis to identify TSC22D2-interacting proteins, we demonstrated that TSC22D2 interacts with pyruvate kinase isoform M2 (PKM2). These findings were confirmed by the results of immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays. Moreover, overexpression of TSC22D2 reduced the level of nuclear PKM2 and suppressed cyclin D1 expression. Collectively, our study reveals a growth suppressor function of TSC22D2 that is at least partially dependent on the TSC22D2-PKM2-cyclinD1 regulatory axis. In addition, our data provide important clues that might contribute to future studies evaluating the role of TSC22D2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xiayu Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zhaojian Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of The Chinese Ministry of Health and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of The Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Hao Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Bo Xiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
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187
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Anticancer strategies based on the metabolic profile of tumor cells: therapeutic targeting of the Warburg effect. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:1013-9. [PMID: 27374491 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells rely mainly on glycolysis for energy production even in the presence of sufficient oxygen, a phenomenon termed the Warburg effect, which is the most outstanding characteristic of energy metabolism in cancer cells. This metabolic adaptation is believed to be critical for tumor cell growth and proliferation, and a number of onco-proteins and tumor suppressors, including the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, Myc, hypoxia-inducible factor and p53, are involved in the regulation of this metabolic adaptation. Moreover, glycolytic cancer cells are often invasive and impervious to therapeutic intervention. Thus, altered energy metabolism is now appreciated as a hallmark of cancer and a promising target for cancer treatment. A better understanding of the biology and the regulatory mechanisms of aerobic glycolysis has the potential to facilitate the development of glycolysis-based therapeutic interventions for cancer. In addition, glycolysis inhibition combined with DNA damaging drugs or chemotherapeutic agents may be effective anticancer strategies through weakening cell damage repair capacity and enhancing drug cytotoxicity.
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188
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189
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Sánchez I, Balagué E, Matilla-Dueñas A. Ataxin-1 regulates the cerebellar bioenergetics proteome through the GSK3β-mTOR pathway which is altered in Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1). Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:4021-4040. [PMID: 27466200 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A polyglutamine expansion within the ataxin-1 protein (ATXN1) underlies spinocerebellar ataxia type-1 (SCA1), a neurological disorder mainly characterized by ataxia and cerebellar deficits. In SCA1, both loss and gain of ATXN1 biological functions contribute to cerebellar pathogenesis. However, the critical ATXN1 functions and pathways involved remain unclear. To further investigate the early signalling pathways regulated by ATXN1, we performed an unbiased proteomic study of the Atxn1-KO 5-week-old mice cerebellum. Here, we show that lack of ATXN1 expression induces early alterations in proteins involved in glycolysis [pyruvate kinase, muscle, isoform 1 protein (PKM-i1), citrate synthase (CS), glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 (GPD2), glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), alpha -: enolase (ENO1)], ATP synthesis [CS, Succinate dehydrogenase complex,subunit A (SDHA), ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial (ATP5H)] and oxidative stress [peroxiredoxin-6 (PRDX6), aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A1, 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase]. In the SCA1 mice, several of these proteins (PKM-i1, ATP5H, PRDX6, proteome subunit A6) were down-regulated and ATP levels decreased. The underlying mechanism does not involve modulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, but dysregulation of the activity of the metabolic regulators glycogen synthase kinase 3B (GSK3β), decreased in Atxn1-KO and increased in SCA1 mice, and mechanistic target of rapamycin (serine/threonine kinase) (mTOR), unchanged in the Atxn1-KO and decreased in SCA1 mice cerebellum before the onset of ataxic symptoms. Pharmacological inhibition of GSK3β and activation of mTOR in a SCA1 cell model ameliorated identified ATXN1-regulated metabolic proteome and ATP alterations. Taken together, these results point to an early role of ATXN1 in the regulation of bioenergetics homeostasis in the mouse cerebellum. Moreover, data suggest GSK3β and mTOR pathways modulate this ATXN1 function in SCA1 pathogenesis that could be targeted therapeutically prior to the onset of disease symptoms in SCA1 and other pathologies involving dysregulation of ATXN1 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivelisse Sánchez
- Functional and Translational Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP)-Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Crta. de Can Ruti, camí de les escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eudald Balagué
- Functional and Translational Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP)-Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Crta. de Can Ruti, camí de les escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Matilla-Dueñas
- Functional and Translational Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP)-Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Crta. de Can Ruti, camí de les escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
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190
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Zhang Y, Shi B, Chen J, Hu L, Zhao C. MiR-338-3p targets pyruvate kinase M2 and affects cell proliferation and metabolism of ovarian cancer. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:3266-3273. [PMID: 27508048 PMCID: PMC4969464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
MiR-338-3p is down-regulated in cancer, which inhibits cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, and increases chemosensitivity, but its functions in ovarian cancer remains unknown. The present study aims to identify the miR-338-3p targeted genes and to investigate the associated regulatory mechanisms in ovarian cancer cell proliferation and metabolism. Our results demonstrated miR-338-3p expression was down-regulated in most of ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines. Restoration of miR-338-3p expression in ovarian cancer cells could inhibit cell proliferation, lactate production and lactate production of ovarian cancer cells. PKM2 was verified as a target gene of miR-338-3p by luciferase assay. Further study indicated miR-338-3p controlled ovarian cancer cell metabolism by inhibiting PKM2 expression. It is summarized that the regulatory role of miR-338-3p on PKM2 expression in ovarian cancer may play important roles in cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Bing Shi
- Department of Digestive Diseases, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guiyang Hospital of Guizhou Aviation Industry GroupGuiyang, China
| | - Lina Hu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Chunquan Zhao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
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191
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Park SH, Ozden O, Liu G, Song HY, Zhu Y, Yan Y, Zou X, Kang HJ, Jiang H, Principe DR, Cha YI, Roh M, Vassilopoulos A, Gius D. SIRT2-Mediated Deacetylation and Tetramerization of Pyruvate Kinase Directs Glycolysis and Tumor Growth. Cancer Res 2016; 76:3802-12. [PMID: 27197174 PMCID: PMC4930699 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins participate in sensing nutrient availability and directing metabolic activity to match energy needs with energy production and consumption. However, the pivotal targets for sirtuins in cancer are mainly unknown. In this study, we identify the M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKM2) as a critical target of the sirtuin SIRT2 implicated in cancer. PKM2 directs the synthesis of pyruvate and acetyl-CoA, the latter of which is transported to mitochondria for use in the Krebs cycle to generate ATP. Enabled by a shotgun mass spectrometry analysis founded on tissue culture models, we identified a candidate SIRT2 deacetylation target at PKM2 lysine 305 (K305). Biochemical experiments including site-directed mutants that mimicked constitutive acetylation suggested that acetylation reduced PKM2 activity by preventing tetramerization to the active enzymatic form. Notably, ectopic overexpression of a deacetylated PKM2 mutant in Sirt2-deficient mammary tumor cells altered glucose metabolism and inhibited malignant growth. Taken together, our results argued that loss of SIRT2 function in cancer cells reprograms their glycolytic metabolism via PKM2 regulation, partially explaining the tumor-permissive phenotype of mice lacking Sirt2 Cancer Res; 76(13); 3802-12. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Hoon Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ozkan Ozden
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Guoxiang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ha Yong Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Robert Lurie Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yueming Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yufan Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xianghui Zou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hong-Jun Kang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Robert Lurie Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Haiyan Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniel R Principe
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yong-Il Cha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Norton Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Meejeon Roh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Athanassios Vassilopoulos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Robert Lurie Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David Gius
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
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192
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Utilization of metabonomics to identify serum biomarkers in murine H22 hepatocarcinoma and deduce antitumor mechanism of Rhizoma Paridis saponins. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 256:55-63. [PMID: 27369806 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Murine H22 hepatocarcinoma model is so popular to be used for the preclinical anticancer candidate's evaluation. However, the metabolic biomarkers of this model were not identified. Meanwhile, Rhizoma Paridis saponins (RPS) as natural products have been found to show strong antitumor activity, while its anti-cancer mechanism is not clear. To search for potential metabolite biomarkers of this model, serum metabonomics approach was applied to detect the variation of metabolite biomarkers and the related metabolism genes and signaling pathway were used to deduce the antitumor mechanisms of RPS. As a result, ten serum metabolites were identified in twenty-four mice including healthy mice, non-treated cancer mice, RPS-treated cancer mice and RPS-treated healthy mice. RPS significantly decreased tumor weight correlates to down-regulating lactate, acetate, N-acetyl amino acid and glutamine signals (p < 0.05), which were marked metabolites screened according to the very important person (VIP), loading plot and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) tests. For the analysis of metabolic enzyme related genes, RPS reversed the aerobic glycolysis through activating tumor suppressor p53 and PTEN, and suppressed FASN to inhibit lipogenesis. What's more, RPS repressed Myc and GLS expression and decreased glutamine level. The regulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR and HIF-1α/Myc/Ras networks also participated in these metabolic changes. Taken together, RPS suppressed ATP product made the tumor growth slow, which indicated a good anti-cancer effect and new angle for understanding the mechanism of RPS. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the utility of (1)H NMR metabolic profiles taken together with tumor weight and viscera index was a promising screening tool for evaluating the antitumor effect of candidates. In addition, RPS was a potent anticancer agent through inhibiting cancer cellular metabolism to suppress proliferation in hepatoma H22 tumor murine, which promoted the application of RPS in the future.
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193
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Pinweha P, Rattanapornsompong K, Charoensawan V, Jitrapakdee S. MicroRNAs and oncogenic transcriptional regulatory networks controlling metabolic reprogramming in cancers. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2016; 14:223-33. [PMID: 27358718 PMCID: PMC4915959 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered cellular metabolism is a fundamental adaptation of cancer during rapid proliferation as a result of growth factor overstimulation. We review different pathways involving metabolic alterations in cancers including aerobic glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, de novo fatty acid synthesis, and serine and glycine metabolism. Although oncoproteins, c-MYC, HIF1α and p53 are the major drivers of this metabolic reprogramming, post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs (miR) also plays an important role in finely adjusting the requirement of the key metabolic enzymes underlying this metabolic reprogramming. We also combine the literature data on the miRNAs that potentially regulate 40 metabolic enzymes responsible for metabolic reprogramming in cancers, with additional miRs from computational prediction. Our analyses show that: (1) a metabolic enzyme is frequently regulated by multiple miRs, (2) confidence scores from prediction algorithms might be useful to help narrow down functional miR-mRNA interaction, which might be worth further experimental validation. By combining known and predicted interactions of oncogenic transcription factors (TFs) (c-MYC, HIF1α and p53), sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1), 40 metabolic enzymes, and regulatory miRs we have established one of the first reference maps for miRs and oncogenic TFs that regulate metabolic reprogramming in cancers. The combined network shows that glycolytic enzymes are linked to miRs via p53, c-MYC, HIF1α, whereas the genes in serine, glycine and one carbon metabolism are regulated via the c-MYC, as well as other regulatory organization that cannot be observed by investigating individual miRs, TFs, and target genes.
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Key Words
- 2-HG, 2-hydroxyglutarate
- ACC, acetyl-CoA carboxylase
- ACL, ATP-citrate lyase
- BRCA1, breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein
- Cancer
- FAS, fatty acid synthase
- FH, fumarate hydratase
- G6PD, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GDH, glutamate dehydrogenase
- GLS, glutaminase
- GLUT, glucose transporter
- HIF1α, hypoxia inducible factor 1α
- HK, hexokinase
- IDH, isocitrate dehydrogenase
- MCT, monocarboxylic acid transporter
- ME, malic enzyme
- Metabolism
- MicroRNA
- Oncogene
- PC, pyruvate carboxylase
- PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase
- PDK, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase
- PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate
- PEPCK, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
- PFK, phosphofructokinase
- PGK, phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK)
- PHGDH, phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase
- PKM, muscle-pyruvate kinase
- PPP, pentose phosphate pathway
- PSAT, phosphoserine aminotransferase
- PSPH, phosphoserine phosphatase
- SDH, succinate dehydrogenase
- SHMT, serine hydroxymethyl transferase
- SREBP1, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1
- TCA, tricarboxylic acid
- TFs, transcription factors
- Transcriptional regulation network
- c-MYC, V-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog
- miR/miRNA, LDH, lactate dehydrogenase micro RNA
- p53, tumor protein p53
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Affiliation(s)
- Pannapa Pinweha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Varodom Charoensawan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Integrative Computational BioScience (ICBS) Center, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Sarawut Jitrapakdee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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194
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Evidence for existence of thyroid hormone inducible semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) in rat heart cytosol. Indian Heart J 2016; 68:225-30. [PMID: 27133345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO; EC; 1.4.3.6.) has widespread tissue distribution, and the physiological role of SSAO is quite well known through its involvement in several pathological states. AIMS The present study examined modulators of SSAO which might be present in the rat heart cytosol and looked for changes in SSAO modulatory activity. METHODS An endogenous inhibitor of SSAO was separated by gel filtration from 105,000g supernate of T4-treated rat heart cytosol. SSAO inhibition fraction was referred to as "endogenous SSAO inhibitor". RESULTS The inhibition by this inhibitor was concentration-dependent. Inhibition of SSAO was not enhanced by varying the time of preincubation of the enzyme, indicating reversible inhibition of SSAO. The molecular weight of this inhibitor was estimated to be 1000-1100 by gel filtration. The isoelectric point (pI) value was determined to be 4.8 isoelectric focusing. This inhibitor was found to be heat-stable and resistant to protease treatment. SSAO inhibition activity was much lower in the cytosol of thyroidectomized, non-T4-treated rats than T4-treated rats, suggesting that this inhibitor was induced by thyroid hormone T4. SSAO activity in rat heart might be regulated by the level of this inhibitor. CONCLUSION These results suggest the presence of SSAO inhibitor in T4-treated rat cytosol and that the level of this inhibitor is regulated by thyroid hormone.
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195
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Piechowski J. Trophoblastic-like transdifferentiation: A key to oncogenesis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 101:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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196
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Alves-Filho JC, Pålsson-McDermott EM. Pyruvate Kinase M2: A Potential Target for Regulating Inflammation. Front Immunol 2016; 7:145. [PMID: 27148264 PMCID: PMC4838608 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase (PK) is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the last step of glycolysis. Of the four PK isoforms expressed in mammalian cells, PKM2 has generated the most interest due to its impact on changes in cellular metabolism observed in cancer as well as in activated immune cells. As our understanding of dysregulated metabolism in cancer develops, and in light of the growing field of immunometabolism, intense efforts are in place to define the mechanism by which PKM2 regulates the metabolic profile of cancer as well as of immune cells. The enzymatic activity of PKM2 is heavily regulated by endogenous allosteric effectors as well as by intracellular signaling pathways, affecting both the enzymatic activity of PKM2 as a PK and the regulation of the recently described non-canonical nuclear functions of PKM2. We here review the current literature on PKM2 and its regulation, and discuss the potential for this protein as a therapeutic target in inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose C Alves-Filho
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo , Ribeirao Preto , Brazil
| | - Eva M Pålsson-McDermott
- Biomedical Science Institute, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
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197
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PARP Inhibition Suppresses Growth of EGFR-Mutant Cancers by Targeting Nuclear PKM2. Cell Rep 2016; 15:843-856. [PMID: 27149849 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon growth factor stimulation or in some EGFR mutant cancer cells, PKM2 translocates into the nucleus to induce glycolysis and cell growth. Here, we report that nuclear PKM2 binds directly to poly-ADP ribose, and this PAR-binding capability is critical for its nuclear localization. Accordingly, PARP inhibition prevents nuclear retention of PKM2 and therefore suppresses cell proliferation and tumor growth. In addition, we found that PAR level correlates with nuclear localization of PKM2 in EGFR mutant brain and lung cancers, suggesting that PAR-dependent nuclear localization of PKM2 likely contributes to tumor progression in EGFR mutant glioblastoma and lung cancers. In addition, some EGFR-inhibitor-resistant lung cancer cells are sensitive to PARP inhibitors. Taken together, our data indicate that suppression of PKM2 nuclear function by PARP inhibitors represents a treatment strategy for EGFR-inhibitor-resistant cancers.
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198
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Yuen CA, Asuthkar S, Guda MR, Tsung AJ, Velpula KK. Cancer stem cell molecular reprogramming of the Warburg effect in glioblastomas: a new target gleaned from an old concept. CNS Oncol 2016; 5:101-8. [PMID: 26997129 DOI: 10.2217/cns-2015-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior targeted treatment for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) with anti-angiogenic agents, such as bevacizumab, has been met with limited success potentially owing to GBM tumor's ability to develop a hypoxia-induced escape mechanism--a glycolytic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, an old concept known as the Warburg effect. New studies points to a subpopulation of cells as a source for treatment-resistance, cancer stem cells (CSCs). Taken together, the induction of the Warburg effect leads to the promotion of CSC self-renewal and undifferentiation. In response to hypoxia, hypoxia-inducible transcription factor is upregulated and is the central driver in setting off the cascade of events in CSC metabolic reprogramming. Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor upregulates GLUT1 to increase glucose uptake into the cell, upregulates HK2 and PK during glycolysis, upregulates LDHA in the termination of glycolysis, and downregulates PDH to redirect energy production toward glycolysis. This review aims to unite these old and new concepts simultaneously and examine potential enzyme targets driven by hypoxia in the glycolytic phenotype of CSCs to reverse the metabolic shift induced by the Warburg effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlen A Yuen
- Departments of Cancer Biology & Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
| | - Swapna Asuthkar
- Departments of Cancer Biology & Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
| | - Maheedhara R Guda
- Departments of Cancer Biology & Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
| | - Andrew J Tsung
- Departments of Cancer Biology & Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL 61605, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL 61605, USA.,Illinois Neurological Institute, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
| | - Kiran K Velpula
- Departments of Cancer Biology & Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL 61605, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
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199
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Li C, Zhao Z, Zhou Z, Liu R. PKM2 Promotes Cell Survival and Invasion Under Metabolic Stress by Enhancing Warburg Effect in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:767-73. [PMID: 26500118 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3931-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyruvate kinase isoenzyme M2 (PKM2) is an essential enzyme involved in the regulation of aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells and promotes the translation between glycolytic flux and biosynthesis of cellular building blocks. AIM Our present study aims to explore the expression pattern and underlying cellular functions of PKM2 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) under metabolic stress. METHODS Oncomine database and a tissue microarray (n = 90) were used to investigate the expression pattern of PKM2 and its clinicopathological findings. In vitro proliferation, apoptosis and invasion assays were used to determine the role and related mechanism of PKM2 in PDAC. RESULTS Data from Oncomine database and our tissue microarray show that PKM2 is significantly elevated in PDAC specimens compared with the corresponding normal tissues. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis shows that higher expression of PKM2 is closely correlated with a poor prognosis of patients with PDAC. Under metabolic stress, suppression of PKM2 expression in PANC-1 and AsPC-1 cells results in decreased cell survival, increased caspase-3/7 activity, and reduced invasive potential, and these effects can be reversed by reintroduction of PKM2. Furthermore, sh-PKM2 cells show a significant decreased Warburg effect compared with sh-Ctrl cells as demonstrated by reduced glucose consumption and lactate production. Treatment with 2-deoxy-D-glucose, a glycolysis inhibitor, completely blocks the influences of PKM2 on cell survival and invasion. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals that silencing of PKM2 exhibits a tumor-suppressive role through altered Warburg effect and suggests that targeting PKM2 might serve as a potential therapeutic target for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28#, Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiming Zhao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28#, Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28#, Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28#, Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
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200
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Keum YS, Choi BY. Isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations: new opportunities for translational research. BMB Rep 2016; 48:266-70. [PMID: 25787993 PMCID: PMC4578565 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2015.48.5.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, comprehensive genome-wide sequencing studies have enabled us to find out unexpected genetic alterations of metabolism in cancer. An example is the identification of arginine missense mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenases-1 and -2 (IDH1/2) in glioma, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chondrosarcomas, and cholangiocarcinoma. These alterations are closely associated with the production of a new stereospecific metabolite, (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2HG). A large number of follow-up studies have been performed to address the molecular mechanisms of IDH1/2 mutations underlying how these events contribute to malignant transformation. In the meanwhile, the development of selective mutant IDH1/2 chemical inhibitors is being actively pursued in the scientific community and pharmaceutical industry. The present review article briefly discusses the important findings that highlight the molecular mechanisms of IDH1/2 mutations in cancer and provides a current status for development of selective mutant IDH1/2 chemical inhibitors. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(5): 266-270]
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sam Keum
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 410-820, Korea
| | - Bu Young Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Engineering, Seowon University, Cheongju 361-742, Korea
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