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Structural and Functional Diversity of Nairovirus-Encoded Nucleoproteins. J Virol 2015; 89:11740-9. [PMID: 26246561 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01680-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The nairoviruses include assorted tick-borne bunyaviruses that are emerging as causative agents of infectious diseases among humans and animals. As negative-sense single-stranded RNA (-ssRNA) viruses, nairoviruses encode nucleoprotein (NP) that encapsidates the genomic RNA and further forms ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex with viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). We previously revealed that the monomeric NP encoded by Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) presents a racket-shaped structure and shows unusual DNA-specific endonuclease activity. To examine the structural and biological variation of nairovirus-encoded NPs, here, we systematically solved the crystal structures of NPs encoded by various nairoviruses, including Hazara virus (HAZV), Kupe virus (KUPV), and Erve virus (ERVEV). Combined with biochemical analysis, our results generate a clearer picture to aid in the understanding of the functional diversity of nairovirus-encoded NPs and the formation of nairovirus RNPs. IMPORTANCE Nairoviruses comprise several tick-borne bunyaviruses that are emerging as causative agents of infectious diseases among humans and animals; however, little is known of the nairovirus genome assembly and transcription mechanisms. Based on the previous study of CCHFV NP reported by different research groups, we systematically investigate here the structural and functional diversity among three different nairoviruses. This work provides important information on nairovirus nucleoprotein function and the formation of RNPs.
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152
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Abstract
Despite great progress in the treatment of AIDS, HIV-1 remains one of the major concerns as a human pathogen. One of the therapeutic strategies against viral infections is the application of catalytic ribonucleic acids (ribozymes) that can significantly reduce expression of a target gene by site-specific hydrolysis of its mRNA. In the present paper, we report a study on the activity of several variants of hammerhead ribozymes targeting a conserved region within mRNA encoding HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp41. On the basis of the data from in vitro assays and gene silencing in the cultured cells, we propose a new hammerhead ribozyme targeting the gp41-encoding sequence that can be potentially used as a therapeutic agent in AIDS treatment. Moreover, we demonstrate that the hydrolytic activity of the ribozyme in the intracellular environment cannot be inferred solely from the results of in vitro experiments.
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153
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Abstract
Biodiversity of the marine world is only partially subjected to detailed scientific scrutiny in comparison to terrestrial life. Life in the marine world depends heavily on marine fungi scavenging the oceans of lifeless plants and animals and entering them into the nutrient cycle by. Approximately 150 to 200 new compounds, including alkaloids, sesquiterpenes, polyketides, and aromatic compounds, are identified from marine fungi annually. In recent years, numerous investigations demonstrated the tremendous potential of marine fungi as a promising source to develop new antivirals against different important viruses, including herpes simplex viruses, the human immunodeficiency virus, and the influenza virus. Various genera of marine fungi such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, and Fusarium were subjected to compound isolation and antiviral studies, which led to an illustration of the strong antiviral activity of a variety of marine fungi-derived compounds. The present review strives to summarize all available knowledge on active compounds isolated from marine fungi with antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Zorofchian Moghadamtousi
- Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sonia Nikzad
- Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Habsah Abdul Kadir
- Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sazaly Abubakar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Keivan Zandi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 75169, Iran.
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154
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Iranshahi M, Rezaee R, Parhiz H, Roohbakhsh A, Soltani F. Protective effects of flavonoids against microbes and toxins: The cases of hesperidin and hesperetin. Life Sci 2015; 137:125-32. [PMID: 26188593 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Many plants produce flavonoids as secondary metabolites. These organic compounds may be involved in the defense against plant-threatening factors, such as microbes and toxins. Certain flavonoids protect their origin source against plant pathogens, but they also exhibit potential healthy properties in human organisms. Hesperidin (Hsd) and its aglycone, hesperetin (Hst), are two flavonoids from the Citrus species that exhibit various biological properties, including antioxidant, antiinflammatory and anticancer effects. Recent studies indicated that Hst and Hsd possess antimicrobial activity. Although the exact mechanisms behind their antimicrobial properties are not fully understood, several mechanisms such as the activation of the host immune system, bacterial membrane disruption, and interference with microbial enzymes, have been proposed. Hsd and Hst may also have protective effects against toxicity induced by various agents. These natural substances may contribute to the protection of cells and tissues through their antioxidant and radical scavenging activities. This review discusses the protective activities of Hsd and Hst against microbes and several toxicities induced by oxidants, chemicals, toxins, chemotherapy and radiotherapy agents, which were reported in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the probable mechanisms behind these activities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Hamideh Parhiz
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Roohbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Soltani
- Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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155
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Hafirassou ML, Meignin C, Baumert T, Schuster C. [From fly to man: RACK1, an essential actor of the dependent viral translation of IRES]. Med Sci (Paris) 2015; 31:469-72. [PMID: 26059292 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20153105003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Lamine Hafirassou
- Inserm UMR1110, Institut de recherche sur les maladies virales et hépatiques, 3, rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France - Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Carine Meignin
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France - CNRS UPR9022, Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire, 15, rue Descartes, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas Baumert
- Inserm UMR1110, Institut de recherche sur les maladies virales et hépatiques, 3, rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France - Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France - Institut hospitalo-universitaire (IHU), pôle hépato-digestif, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Schuster
- Inserm UMR1110, Institut de recherche sur les maladies virales et hépatiques, 3, rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France - Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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156
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Torres J, Surya W, Li Y, Liu DX. Protein-Protein Interactions of Viroporins in Coronaviruses and Paramyxoviruses: New Targets for Antivirals? Viruses 2015; 7:2858-83. [PMID: 26053927 PMCID: PMC4488717 DOI: 10.3390/v7062750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viroporins are members of a rapidly growing family of channel-forming small polypeptides found in viruses. The present review will be focused on recent structural and protein-protein interaction information involving two viroporins found in enveloped viruses that target the respiratory tract; (i) the envelope protein in coronaviruses and (ii) the small hydrophobic protein in paramyxoviruses. Deletion of these two viroporins leads to viral attenuation in vivo, whereas data from cell culture shows involvement in the regulation of stress and inflammation. The channel activity and structure of some representative members of these viroporins have been recently characterized in some detail. In addition, searches for protein-protein interactions using yeast-two hybrid techniques have shed light on possible functional roles for their exposed cytoplasmic domains. A deeper analysis of these interactions should not only provide a more complete overview of the multiple functions of these viroporins, but also suggest novel strategies that target protein-protein interactions as much needed antivirals. These should complement current efforts to block viroporin channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Torres
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | - Wahyu Surya
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | - Yan Li
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | - Ding Xiang Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
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157
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Shang L, Zhang S, Yang X, Sun J, Li L, Cui Z, He Q, Guo Y, Sun Y, Yin Z. Biochemical characterization of recombinant Enterovirus 71 3C protease with fluorogenic model peptide substrates and development of a biochemical assay. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:1827-36. [PMID: 25421478 PMCID: PMC4356770 DOI: 10.1128/aac.04698-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71), a primary pathogen of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), affects primarily infants and children. Currently, there are no effective drugs against HFMD. EV71 3C protease performs multiple tasks in the viral replication, which makes it an ideal antiviral target. We synthesized a small set of fluorogenic model peptides derived from cleavage sites of EV71 polyprotein and examined their efficiencies of cleavage by EV71 3C protease. The novel peptide P08 [(2-(N-methylamino)benzoyl) (NMA)-IEALFQGPPK(DNP)FR] was determined to be the most efficiently cleaved by EV71 3C protease, with a kinetic constant kcat/Km of 11.8 ± 0.82 mM(-1) min(-1). Compared with literature reports, P08 gave significant improvement in the signal/background ratio, which makes it an attractive substrate for assay development. A Molecular dynamics simulation study elaborated the interactions between substrate P08 and EV71 3C protease. Arg39, which is located at the bottom of the S2 pocket of EV71 3C protease, may participate in the proteolysis process of substrates. With an aim to evaluate EV71 3C protease inhibitors, a reliable and robust biochemical assay with a Z' factor of 0.87 ± 0.05 was developed. A novel compound (compound 3) (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 1.89 ± 0.25 μM) was discovered using this assay, which effectively suppressed the proliferation of EV 71 (strain Fuyang) in rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells with a highly selective index (50% effective concentration [EC50] = 4.54 ± 0.51 μM; 50% cytotoxic concentration [CC50] > 100 μM). This fast and efficient assay for lead discovery and optimization provides an ideal platform for anti-EV71 drug development targeting 3C protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqing Shang
- College of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shumei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Yang
- College of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixue Sun
- College of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Linfeng Li
- College of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengjie Cui
- College of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuhong He
- High-Throughput Molecular Drug Discovery Center, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Guo
- College of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuna Sun
- National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Yin
- College of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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158
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Cai W, Li Y, Chen S, Wang M, Zhang A, Zhou H, Chen H, Jin M. 14-Deoxy-11,12-dehydroandrographolide exerts anti-influenza A virus activity and inhibits replication of H5N1 virus by restraining nuclear export of viral ribonucleoprotein complexes. Antiviral Res 2015; 118:82-92. [PMID: 25800824 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus has become a worldwide public health threat, and current antiviral therapies have limited activity against the emerging, resistant influenza viruses. Therefore, effective drugs with novel targets against influenza A viruses, H5N1 strains in particular, should be developed. In the present study, 14-deoxy-11,12-dehydroandrographolide (DAP), a major component of the traditional Chinese medicine Andrographis paniculata, exerted potent anti-influenza A virus activity against A/chicken/Hubei/327/2004 (H5N1), A/duck/Hubei/XN/2007 (H5N1), A/PR/8/34 (H1N1), A/NanChang/08/2010 (H1N1) and A/HuNan/01/2014 (H3N2) in vitro. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, a series of experiments was conducted using A/chicken/Hubei/327/2004 (H5N1) as an example. Our results demonstrated that DAP strongly inhibited H5N1 replication by reducing the production of viral nucleoprotein (NP) mRNA, NP and NS1proteins, whereas DAP had no effect on the absorption and release of H5N1 towards/from A549 cells. DAP also effectively restrained the nuclear export of viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complexes. This inhibitory effect ought to be an important anti-H5N1 mechanism of DAP. Meanwhile, DAP significantly reduced the upregulated expression of all the tested proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-α, IL-1β and IFN-β) and chemokines (CXCL-10 and CCL-2) stimulated by H5N1. Overall results suggest that DAP impairs H5N1 replication at least in part by restraining nuclear export of vRNP complexes, and the inhibition of viral replication leads to a subsequent decrease of the intense proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine expression. In turn, the effect of modification of the host excessive immune response may contribute to overcoming H5N1. To our knowledge, this study is the first to reveal the antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities of DAP in vitro against H5N1 influenza A virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yongtao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sunrui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mengli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Anding Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongbo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Meilin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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159
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Peptidyl aldehyde NK-1.8k suppresses enterovirus 71 and enterovirus 68 infection by targeting protease 3C. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:2636-46. [PMID: 25691647 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00049-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus (EV) is one of the major causative agents of hand, foot, and mouth disease in the Pacific-Asia region. In particular, EV71 causes severe central nervous system infections, and the fatality rates from EV71 infection are high. Moreover, an outbreak of respiratory illnesses caused by an emerging EV, EV68, recently occurred among over 1,000 young children in the United States and was also associated with neurological infections. Although enterovirus has emerged as a considerable global public health threat, no antiviral drug for clinical use is available. In the present work, we screened our compound library for agents targeting viral protease and identified a peptidyl aldehyde, NK-1.8k, that inhibits the proliferation of different EV71 strains and one EV68 strain and that had a 50% effective concentration of 90 nM. Low cytotoxicity (50% cytotoxic concentration, >200 μM) indicated a high selective index of over 2,000. We further characterized a single amino acid substitution inside protease 3C (3C(pro)), N69S, which conferred EV71 resistance to NK-1.8k, possibly by increasing the flexibility of the substrate binding pocket of 3C(pro). The combination of NK-1.8k and an EV71 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor or entry inhibitor exhibited a strong synergistic anti-EV71 effect. Our findings suggest that NK-1.8k could potentially be developed for anti-EV therapy.
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160
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Li L, Basavannacharya C, Chan KWK, Shang L, Vasudevan SG, Yin Z. Structure-guided Discovery of a Novel Non-peptide Inhibitor of Dengue Virus NS2B-NS3 Protease. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:255-64. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Li
- College of Pharmacy; State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Chandrakala Basavannacharya
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School; Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases; 8 College Road Singapore 169857 Singapore
| | - Kitti Wing Ki Chan
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School; Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases; 8 College Road Singapore 169857 Singapore
| | - Luqing Shang
- College of Pharmacy; State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Subhash G. Vasudevan
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School; Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases; 8 College Road Singapore 169857 Singapore
| | - Zheng Yin
- College of Pharmacy; State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin 300071 China
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161
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Docquier JD, Cusi MG. Editorial overview: anti-infectives: towards novel antiviral and antibacterial drugs? Current approaches to address a growing medical need. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2014; 18:iv-vi. [PMID: 25454403 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Denis Docquier
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Cusi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy; U.O.C. Microbiologia e Virologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
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162
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Luo M. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of virus structure and its applications in the development of pharmaceutical agents. CRYSTALLOGR REV 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/0889311x.2014.957281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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163
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Yeh YT, Nisic M, Yu X, Xia Y, Zheng SY. Point-of-care microdevices for blood plasma analysis in viral infectious diseases. Ann Biomed Eng 2014; 42:2333-43. [PMID: 24879614 PMCID: PMC7088150 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1044-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Each year, outbreaks of viral infections cause illness, disability, death, and economic loss. As learned from past incidents, the detrimental impact grows exponentially without effective quarantine. Therefore, rapid on-site detection and analysis are highly desired. In addition, for high-risk areas of viral contamination, close monitoring should be provided during the potential disease incubation period. As the epidemic progresses, a response protocol needs tobe rapidly implemented and the virus evolution fully tracked. For these scenarios, point-of-care microdevices can provide sensitive, accurate, rapid and low-cost analysis for a large population, especially in handling complex patient samples, such as blood, urine and saliva. Blood plasma can be considered as a mine of information containing sources and clues of biomarkers, including nucleic acids, immunoglobulin and other proteins, as well as pathogens for clinical diagnosis. However, blood plasma is also the most complicated body fluid. For targeted plasma biomarker detection or untargeted plasma biomarker discovery, the challenges can be as difficult as identifying a needle in a haystack. A useful platform must not only pursue single performance characteristics, but also excel at multiple performance parameters, such as speed, accuracy, sensitivity, selectivity, cost, portability, reliability, and user friendliness. Throughout the decades, tremendous progress has been made in point-of-care microdevices for viral infectious diseases. In this paper, we review fully integrated lab-on-chip systems for blood analysis of viral infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ting Yeh
- Micro & Nano Integrated Biosystem (MINIBio) Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, N-238 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA 16802 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Merisa Nisic
- Micro & Nano Integrated Biosystem (MINIBio) Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, N-238 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA 16802 USA
- Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Xu Yu
- Micro & Nano Integrated Biosystem (MINIBio) Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, N-238 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA 16802 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Yiqiu Xia
- Micro & Nano Integrated Biosystem (MINIBio) Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, N-238 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA 16802 USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Si-Yang Zheng
- Micro & Nano Integrated Biosystem (MINIBio) Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, N-238 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA 16802 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
- Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
- Material Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
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164
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Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum-resident glucosidases impairs severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus NL63 spike protein-mediated entry by altering the glycan processing of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 59:206-16. [PMID: 25348530 DOI: 10.1128/aac.03999-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident glucosidases I and II sequentially trim the three terminal glucose moieties on the N-linked glycans attached to nascent glycoproteins. These reactions are the first steps of N-linked glycan processing and are essential for proper folding and function of many glycoproteins. Because most of the viral envelope glycoproteins contain N-linked glycans, inhibition of ER glucosidases with derivatives of 1-deoxynojirimycin, i.e., iminosugars, efficiently disrupts the morphogenesis of a broad spectrum of enveloped viruses. However, like viral envelope proteins, the cellular receptors of many viruses are also glycoproteins. It is therefore possible that inhibition of ER glucosidases not only compromises virion production but also disrupts expression and function of viral receptors and thus inhibits virus entry into host cells. Indeed, we demonstrate here that iminosugar treatment altered the N-linked glycan structure of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which did not affect its expression on the cell surface or its binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein. However, alteration of N-linked glycans of ACE2 impaired its ability to support the transduction of SARS-CoV and human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) spike glycoprotein-pseudotyped lentiviral particles by disruption of the viral envelope protein-triggered membrane fusion. Hence, in addition to reducing the production of infectious virions, inhibition of ER glucosidases also impairs the entry of selected viruses via a post-receptor-binding mechanism.
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165
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Shang L, Wang Y, Qing J, Shu B, Cao L, Lou Z, Gong P, Sun Y, Yin Z. An adenosine nucleoside analogue NITD008 inhibits EV71 proliferation. Antiviral Res 2014; 112:47-58. [PMID: 25446894 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71), one of the major causative agents of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease (HFMD), causes severe pandemics and hundreds of deaths in the Asia-Pacific region annually and is an enormous public health threat. However, effective therapeutic antiviral drugs against EV71 are rare. Nucleoside analogues have been successfully used in the clinic for the treatment of various viral infections. We evaluated a total of 27 nucleoside analogues and discovered that an adenosine nucleoside analogue NITD008, which has been reported to be an antiviral reagent that specifically inhibits flaviviruses, effectively suppressed the propagation of different strains of EV71 in RD, 293T and Vero cells with a relatively high selectivity index. Triphosphorylated NITD008 (ppp-NITD008) functions as a chain terminator to directly inhibit the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity of EV71, and it does not affect the EV71 VPg uridylylation process. A significant synergistic anti-EV71 effect of NITD008 with rupintrivir (AG7088) (a protease inhibitor) was documented, supporting the potential combination therapy of NITD008 with other inhibitors for the treatment of EV71 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqing Shang
- College of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jie Qing
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bo Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lin Cao
- College of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhiyong Lou
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yuna Sun
- National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Zheng Yin
- College of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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166
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Qing J, Wang Y, Sun Y, Huang J, Yan W, Wang J, Su D, Ni C, Li J, Rao Z, Liu L, Lou Z. Cyclophilin A associates with enterovirus-71 virus capsid and plays an essential role in viral infection as an uncoating regulator. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004422. [PMID: 25275585 PMCID: PMC4183573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses utilize host factors for their efficient proliferation. By evaluating the inhibitory effects of compounds in our library, we identified inhibitors of cyclophilin A (CypA), a known immunosuppressor with peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity, can significantly attenuate EV71 proliferation. We demonstrated that CypA played an essential role in EV71 entry and that the RNA interference-mediated reduction of endogenous CypA expression led to decreased EV71 multiplication. We further revealed that CypA directly interacted with and modified the conformation of H-I loop of the VP1 protein in EV71 capsid, and thus regulated the uncoating process of EV71 entry step in a pH-dependent manner. Our results aid in the understanding of how host factors influence EV71 life cycle and provide new potential targets for developing antiviral agents against EV71 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qing
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yuna Sun
- National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaoyan Huang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhong Yan
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinglan Wang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Ni
- Beijing No. 4 High School, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zihe Rao
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (LL); (ZL)
| | - Zhiyong Lou
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail: (LL); (ZL)
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167
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Harbers M. Wheat germ systems for cell-free protein expression. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:2762-73. [PMID: 24931374 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell-free protein expression plays an important role in biochemical research. However, only recent developments led to new methods to rapidly synthesize preparative amounts of protein that make cell-free protein expression an attractive alternative to cell-based methods. In particular the wheat germ system provides the highest translation efficiency among eukaryotic cell-free protein expression approaches and has a very high success rate for the expression of soluble proteins of good quality. As an open in vitro method, the wheat germ system is a preferable choice for many applications in protein research including options for protein labeling and the expression of difficult-to-express proteins like membrane proteins and multiple protein complexes. Here I describe wheat germ cell-free protein expression systems and give examples how they have been used in genome-wide expression studies, preparation of labeled proteins for structural genomics and protein mass spectroscopy, automated protein synthesis, and screening of enzymatic activities. Future directions for the use of cell-free expression methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Harbers
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; CellFree Sciences Co., Ltd., 75-1, Ono-cho, Leading Venture Plaza 201, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0046, Japan.
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168
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Gu J, Babayeva ND, Suwa Y, Baranovskiy AG, Price DH, Tahirov TH. Crystal structure of HIV-1 Tat complexed with human P-TEFb and AFF4. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:1788-97. [PMID: 24727379 DOI: 10.4161/cc.28756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing anti-viral therapies targeting HIV-1 transcription has been hampered by the limited structural knowledge of the proteins involved. HIV-1 hijacks the cellular machinery that controls RNA polymerase II elongation through an interaction of HIV-1 Tat with the positive transcription elongation factor P-TEFb, which interacts with an AF4 family member (AFF1/2/3/4) in the super elongation complex (SEC). Because inclusion of Tat•P-TEFb into the SEC is critical for HIV transcription, we have determined the crystal structure of the Tat•AFF4•P-TEFb complex containing HIV-1 Tat (residues 1-48), human Cyclin T1 (1-266), human Cdk9 (7-332), and human AFF4 (27-69). Tat binding to AFF4•P-TEFb causes concerted structural changes in AFF4 via a shift of helix H5' of Cyclin T1 and the α-3 10 helix of AFF4. The interaction between Tat and AFF4 provides structural constraints that explain tolerated Tat mutations. Analysis of the Tat-binding surface of AFF4 coupled with modeling of all other AF4 family members suggests that AFF1 and AFF4 would be preferred over AFF2 or AFF3 for interaction with Tat•P-TEFb. The structure establishes that the Tat-TAR recognition motif (TRM) in Cyclin T1 interacts with both Tat and AFF4, leading to the exposure of arginine side chains for binding to TAR RNA. Furthermore, modeling of Tat Lys28 acetylation suggests that the acetyl group would be in a favorable position for H-bond formation with Asn257 of TRM, thereby stabilizing the TRM in Cyclin T1, and provides a structural basis for the modulation of TAR RNA binding by acetylation of Tat Lys28.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyou Gu
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha, NE USA
| | - Nigar D Babayeva
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha, NE USA
| | - Yoshiaki Suwa
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha, NE USA
| | - Andrey G Baranovskiy
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha, NE USA
| | - David H Price
- Biochemistry Department; University of Iowa; Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Tahir H Tahirov
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha, NE USA
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169
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Miura K. [Histopathologic studies on epithelial proliferation in the peripheral region of the lung with special consideration of tumorlets]. Cell Signal 1968; 41:89-96. [PMID: 28389414 PMCID: PMC5628105 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Niclosamide is an oral antihelminthic drug used to treat parasitic infections in millions of people worldwide. However recent studies have indicated that niclosamide may have broad clinical applications for the treatment of diseases other than those caused by parasites. These diseases and symptoms may include cancer, bacterial and viral infection, metabolic diseases such as Type II diabetes, NASH and NAFLD, artery constriction, endometriosis, neuropathic pain, rheumatoid arthritis, sclerodermatous graft-versus-host disease, and systemic sclerosis. Among the underlying mechanisms associated with the drug actions of niclosamide are uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, and modulation of Wnt/β-catenin, mTORC1, STAT3, NF-κB and Notch signaling pathways. Here we provide a brief overview of the biological activities of niclosamide, its potential clinical applications, and its challenges for use as a new therapy for systemic diseases. Niclosamide is an oral antihelminthic drug used to treat parasitic infections. Niclosamide is a multifunctional drug inhibiting multiple signaling pathways and biological processes. Niclosamide has biological activities potentially against systemic diseases.
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