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Rosenmann E, González AM, Hein S, Marcus F. Carp (Cyprinus carpio) muscle fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase: purification and some properties. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1977; 58:291-5. [PMID: 45527 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(77)90204-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
1. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase from the white muscle tissue of the carp, Cyprinus carpio L. was purified. 2. The mol. wt of the enzyme was 145,000. Its subunit mol. wt was ca. 35,000. 3. The enzyme exhibited neutral pH optimum, activation by monovalent cations, and temperature-dependent allosteric AMP inhibition. 4. Carp muscle fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase was 10- to 30-fold more sensitive to AMP inhibition than the carp liver enzyme. 5. The carp muscle enzyme was less sensitive to AMP inhibition than the muscle enzyme from a homeothermic mammal. These results are interpreted as an example of temperature-adaptation of an enzyme regulatory property.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rosenmann
- Instituto de Bioquimica, Universidad Austral, Valdivia, Chile
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152
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Haugen TH, Ishaque A, Preiss J. Biosynthesis of bacterial glycogen. Characterization of the subunit structure of Escherichia coli B glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.27). J Biol Chem 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)57016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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153
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Carlson CA, Parsons TF, Preiss J. Biosynthesis of bacterial glycogen. Activator-induced oligomerization of a mutant Escherichia coli ADP-glucose synthase. J Biol Chem 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)57017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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154
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Tejwani GA, Pedrosa FO, Pontremoli S, Horecker BL. The purification of properties of rat liver fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase. Arch Biochem Biophys 1976; 177:253-64. [PMID: 11750 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(76)90435-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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155
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Preiss J, Crawford K, Downey J, Lammel C, Greenberg E. Kinetic properties of Serratia marcescens adenosine 5'-diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase. J Bacteriol 1976; 127:193-203. [PMID: 6432 PMCID: PMC233051 DOI: 10.1128/jb.127.1.193-203.1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulatory properties of partially purified adenosine 5'-diphosphate-(ADP) glucose pyrophosphorylase from two Serratia marcescens strains (ATCC 274 and ATCC 15365) have been studied. Slight or negligible activation by fructose-P2, pyridoxal-phosphate, or reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) was observed. These compounds were previously shown to be potent activators of the ADPglucose pyrophosphorylases from the enterics, Salmonella typhimurium, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia aurescens, Shigella dysenteriae, and Escherichia coli. Phosphoenolpyruvate stimulated the rate of ADPglucose synthesis catalyzed by Serratia ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase about 1.5- to 2-fold but did not affect the S0.5 values (concentration of substrate required for 50% maximal stimulation) of the substrates, alpha-glucose-1-phosphate, and adenosine 5'-triphosphate. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP), a potent inhibitor of the enteric ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase, is an effective inhibitor of the S. marcescens enzyme. ADP also inhibits but is not as effective as AMP. Activators of the enteric enzyme counteract the inhibition caused by AMP. This is in contrast to what is observed for the S. marcescens enzyme. Neither phosphoenolpyruvate, fructose-diphosphate, pyridoxal-phosphate, NADPH, 3-phosphoglycerate, fructose-6-phosphate, nor pyruvate effect the inhibition caused by AMP. The properties of the S. marcescens HY strain and Serratia liquefaciens ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase were found to be similar to the above two S. marcescens enzymes with respect to activation and inhibition. These observations provide another example where the properties of an enzyme found in the genus Serratia have been found to be different from the properties of the same enzyme present in the enteric genera Escherichia, Salmonella, Shigella, Citrobacter, and Enterobacter.
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156
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Size-dependent allosteric effects of monovalent cations on rabbit liver fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. J Biol Chem 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)33298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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157
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Proffitt RT, Sankaran L. Specific, reversible inactivation of phosphofructokinase by fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. Involvement of adenosine 5'-triphosphate, oleate, and 3-phosphoglycerate. Biochemistry 1976; 15:2918-25. [PMID: 181051 DOI: 10.1021/bi00658a034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Optimal conditions necessary for the reversible inactivation of crystalline rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase by homogeneous rabbit liver fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase have been studied. At higher enzyme levels (to 530 mug/ml of phosphofructokinase) the two proteins were mixed and incubated in a pH 7.5 buffer composed of 50 mM Tris-HC1, 2 mM potassium phosphate, and 0.2 mM dithiothreitol. Aliquots were removed at various times and assayed for enzyme activity. A time dependent inactivation of phosphofructokinase caused by 1-2.3 times its weight of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase was observed at 30, 23, and 0 degree C. This inactivation did not require the presence of adenosine 5'-triphosphate or Mg2+ in the incubation mixture, but an adenosine 5'-triphosphate concentration of 2.7 mM or greater was required in the assay to keep phosphofructokinase in an inactive form. A mixture of activators (inorganic phosphate, (NH4)2SO4, and adenosine 5'-monophosphate), when added to the assay cuvette, restored nearly all of the expected enzyme activity. Incubations with other proteins, including aldolase, at concentrations equal to or greater than the effective quantity of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase had no inhibitory effect on phosphofructokinase activity. Removal of tightly bound fructose 1,6-bisphosphate from phosphofructokinase could not explain this inactivation, since several analyses of crystalline phosphofructokinase averaged less than 0.1 mol of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate/320 000 g of enzyme. Furthermore, the inactivation occurred in the absence of Mg2+ where the complete lack of fructose-1-6-bisphosphatase activity was confirmed directly. At lower phosphofructokinase concentrations (0.2-2 mug/ml) the inactivation was studied directly in the assay cuvette. Higher ratios of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase to phosphofructokinase were necessary in these cases, but oleate and 3-phosphoglycerate acted synergistically with lower amounts of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase to cause inactivation. The inactivation did not occur when high concentrations of fructose 6-phosphate were present in the assay, or when the level of adenosine 5'-triphosphate was decreased. However, the inactivation was found at pH 8, where the effects of allosteric regulators on phosphofructokinase are greatly reduced. Experiments with rat liver phosphofructokinase showed that this enzyme was also subject to inhibition by rabbit liver fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase under conditions similar to those used in the muscle enzyme studies. Attempts to demonstrate direct interaction between phosphofructokinase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate by physical methods were unsuccessful. Nevertheless, our results suggest that, under conditions which approximate the physiological state, the presence of fructose-1,6bisphosphatase can cause phosphofructokinase to assume an inactive conformation. This interaction may have a significant role in vivo in controlling the interrelationship between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.
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158
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Jones CT, Ashton IK. The appearance, properties, and functions of gluconeogenic enzymes in the liver and kidney of the guinea pig during fetal and early neonatal development. Arch Biochem Biophys 1976; 174:506-22. [PMID: 180902 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(76)90378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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159
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Zalitis J. Modification of native sheep liver fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase by subtilisin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1976; 70:323-30. [PMID: 180987 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(76)91049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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160
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Parrilla R, Jimenez MI, Ayuso-Parrilla MS. Cellular redistribution of metabolites during glucagon and insulin control of gluconeogenesis in the isolated perfused rat liver. Arch Biochem Biophys 1976; 174:1-12. [PMID: 938045 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(76)90317-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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161
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Preiss J, Lammel C, Greenberg E. Biosynthesis of bacterial glycogen. Kinetic studies of a glucose-1-P adenylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.27) from a glycogen-excess mutant of Escherichia coli B. Arch Biochem Biophys 1976; 174:105-19. [PMID: 779654 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(76)90329-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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162
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163
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Gaillardin CM, Poirier L, Heslot H. A kinetic study of homocitrate synthetase activity in the yeast Saccharomycopsis lipolytica. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1976; 422:390-406. [PMID: 1247600 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(76)90150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
1. A rapid method for estimating the activity of the first enzyme of lysine biosynthesis in yeasts (acetyl-coenzyme A: 2-ketoglutarate C-acetyl transferase, EC 4.1.3.21) is described. 2. In the wild type strain, the fixation of one substrate, S-acetyl coenzyme A, shows sigmoidal saturation kinetics. The initial rate experiments indicate that the reaction obeys an ordered mechanism, 2-ketoglutaric acid binding before S-acetyl coenzyme A. 3. The activity is completely inhibited in vitro by lysine and by some lysine analogs, which all show cooperative binding and have an heterotropic effect on 2-ketoglutaric binding sites. A second class of affectors is found, including 2-aminoadipic acid, pipecolic acid and dipicolinic acid, which all affect the cooperativity of S-acetyl coenzyme A binding sites. 4. Two types of mutations which modify these inhibition patterns without affecting the catalytic activity are described. One results in a desensitization towards lysine and lysine analogs only. The other entirely abolishes the susceptibility towards the second type of inhibitors, without affecting the susceptibility to lysine. 5. No variations of the specific activity could be detected in the wild type strain at all; mutants showing an increased or a reduced activity were isolated. 6. Our results do not support the existence of isoenzymes at the level of homocitrate synthetase in this yeast.
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164
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165
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166
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De Luca G, Speziale P, Rindi S, Balduini C, Castellani AA. Effect of some nucleotides on the regulation of glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis. Connect Tissue Res 1976; 4:247-54. [PMID: 186231 DOI: 10.3109/03008207609152227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of some nucleotides on UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (EC. 1.1.1.22) and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.2) extracted from epiphysial-plate cartilage of newborn pigs was investigated. UDP-xylose acts as a co-operative allosteric inhibitor of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase, whereas it does not inhibit UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase activity: the inhibition of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase results in an increase of UDP-galactose synthesis, in agreement with the equilibrium constant of UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase reaction. Because of the presence of UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase activity in the enzyme extract, the addition of UDP-galactose induces an increase in reaction rate of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase. NADH inhibits both UDP-glucose dehydrogenase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase activities: in the presence of non-saturating NAD concentrations, NADH acts as a co-operative allosteric inhibitor of both enzymes. The inhibitory effect of NADH seems to be strikingly correlated with the value of NAD/NADH ratio and pH. In any case, the percentage inhibition of UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, under the same experimental conditions, is always higher than that of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase.
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167
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Ashman PU, Lampkin SL, Boutté KG, Dillon LA, Williams KR. The diurnal variation of neutral hepatic fructose 1,6-diphosphatase in partially inbred populations of rats and in outbred populations of Microtus montanus. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1976; 53:315-8. [PMID: 175995 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(76)90333-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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168
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Wheeland RA, Martin RJ, Meier AH. The effect of prolactin and CB154 on in vivo lipogenesis and enzyme patterns in the Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica and of photositmulation on enzyme patterns in the white-throated sparrow, Zonotrichia albicollis. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1976; 53:379-85. [PMID: 175996 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(76)90345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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169
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Hofmann E. The significance of phosphofructokinase to the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 1976; 75:1-68. [PMID: 181810 DOI: 10.1007/bfb0030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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170
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Orengo A, Patenia DM. Exploitable molecular mechanisms in hibernation—I. Liver diphosphofructose phosphatase of the rat and hamster: A comparison. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0305-0491(76)80003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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171
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Sankaran L, Proffitt RT, Pogell BM, Dunaway GA, Segal HL. Liver peptide stabilizing factor protects phosphofructokinase against inactivation by fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1975; 67:220-7. [PMID: 173304 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(75)90305-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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172
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Nimmo HG, Tipton KF. The allosteric properties of beef-liver fructose bisphosphatase. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1975; 58:575-85. [PMID: 171160 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1975.tb02408.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
1. The activity of beef liver fructose bisphosphatase has been shown to respond cooperatively to increasing concentrations of the activating cations Mg2+ and Mn2+. The allosteric inhibitor AMP caused an increase in this cooperativity and a decrease in the apparent affinity of the enzyme for the activating cation. 2. The cooperative response of the enzyme to AMP is similarly increased by increasing cation concentrations with a concomitant decrease in the apparent affinity. 3. Direct binding experiments indicated that in the absence of either Mg2+ or Mn2+ the enzyme bound AMP non-cooperatively up to a maximum of two molecules per molecule of enzyme, a result that is indicative of half-sites reactivity. The binding became increasingly cooperative as the concentration of the activating cation was increased. 4. The substrate fructose bisphosphate had no effect on any of these cooperative responses. 5. These results may be most simply interpreted in terms of concerted model in which the activating cation functions both as an allosteric activator and as an essential cofactor for the reaction.
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173
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Nimmo HG, Tipton KF. The effect of pH on the kinetics of beef-liver fructose bisphosphatase. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1975; 58:567-74. [PMID: 241647 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1975.tb02407.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
1. The kinetics of the reaction catalysed by fructose bisphosphatase have been studied at pH 7.2 and at pH 9.5. The activity of the enzyme was shown to respond sigmoidally to increasing concentrations of free Mg2+ or Mn2+ ions at pH 7.2, whereas the dependence was hyperbolic at pH 9.5. At both pH values the enzyme responded hyperbolically to increasing concentrations of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, although inhibition was observed at higher concentrations of this substrate. This high substrate inhibition was shown to be partial in nature and the enzyme was found to be more sensitive at pH 7.2 than at pH 9.5. 2. The properties of the enzyme, are consistent with the enzyme obeying either a random-order equilibrium mechanism or a compulsory-order steady-state mechanism in which fructose bisphosphate binds to the enzyme before the cation. 3. Reaction of the enzyme with a four-fold molar excess of p-chloromercuribenzoate caused activation of the enzyme when its activity was assayed in the presence of MN2+ ions but inhibition when Mg2+ ions were used. Higher concentrations of p-chloromercuribenzoate caused inhibition. This activation at low p-chloromercuribenzoate concentrations, and the reaction of 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoate) with the four thiol groups in the enzyme that reacted rapidly with this reagent, were prevented or slowed by the presence of inhibitory, but not non-inhibitory, concentrations of fructose bisphosphate. After reaction with a four-fold molar excess of p-chloromercuribenzoate the enzyme was no longer sensitive to high substrate inhibition by fructose bisphosphate.
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174
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Preiss J, Greenberg E, Sabraw A. Biosynthesis of bacterial glycogen. Kinetic studies of a glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.27) from a glycogen-deficient mutant of Escherichia coli B. J Biol Chem 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)40862-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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175
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Kolb HJ. Sedimentation behavior of fructose 1.6-bisphosphatase in crude tissue extracts of the rabbit and the rat. Arch Biochem Biophys 1975; 170:710-5. [PMID: 172019 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(75)90168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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176
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Kinetic and binding studies of Mn (II) and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate with rabbit liver hexosebisphosphatase. J Biol Chem 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)40855-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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177
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Rochovansky O. On the role of substrate and GTP in the regulation of argininosuccinase activity. J Biol Chem 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)40932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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178
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Parrilla R, Jimenez I, Ayuso-Parrilla MS. Glucagon and insulin control of gluconeogenesis in the perfused isolated rat liver. Effects on cellular metabolite distribution. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1975; 56:375-83. [PMID: 1175630 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1975.tb02243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic effects of glucagon and glucagon plus insulin on the isolated rat livers perfused with 10 mM sodium L-lactate as substrate were studied. Glucagon stimulated gluconeogenesis, ketogenesis and ureogenesis at the concentration used of 2.1 nM. The addition of insulin to give a glucagon-to-insulin ratio of 0.2 reversed all the glucagon effects. The glucagon enhancement of gluconeogenesis was accompanied by a rise in cytosolic and mitochondrial state of reduction of the NAD system and a fall in the [ATP]/[ADP] ratio. The analysis of the intermediary metabolite concentrations suggested, as possible sites of glucagon action, the steps between pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvate as well as the reactions catalyzed by phosphofructokinase and/or fructose bisphosphatase. All the changes in metabolite contents were abolished when insulin was present. Glucagon increased the intramitochondrial concentration of all the metabolites, whose intracellular distribution was calculated. The finding of a significant rise in the calculated intramitochondrial concentration of oxaloacetate points to pyruvate carboxylation as an important site of glucagon interaction with the gluconeogenic pathway. A primary event in the glucagon action redistributing intracellular metabolites seems to be the mitochondrial entry of malate. The possibility is discussed that the changes in metabolite cellular distribution were brought about by the increased cellular state of reduction caused by the hormone.
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179
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Schindler PW, Scrutton MC. Mode of action of the macrolide-type antibiotic, chlorothricin. Effect of the antibiotic on the catalytic activity and some structural parameters of pyruvate carboxylases purified from rat and chicken liver. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1975; 55:543-53. [PMID: 1175611 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1975.tb02191.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The macrolide-type antibiotic chlorothricin inhibits pyruvate carboxylases purified from rat liver, chicken liver and Azotobacter vinelandii. Under standard assay conditions the concentration of chlorothricin required for half-maximal inhibition of oxalacetate synthesis is 0.26 mM (rat liver), 0.12 mM (chicken liver), and 0.5 mM (Azobacter vinelandii). Inhibition by chlorothricin appears non-competitive in character when measured as a function of the concentration of the substrates of the pyruvate carboxylase reaction as well as of CoASAc and Mg2+. This pattern of inhibition suggests that this antibiotic interacts at unique sites on chicken and rat liver pyruvate carboxylase which are distinct from both the catalytic and activator sites. Interaction of chlorothricin with the two vertebrate liver pyruvate carboxylases differs from the effect exerted by this antibiotic on pyruvate carboxylase purified from Azotobacter vinelandii. A sigmoidal relationship between initial velocity and inhibitor concentration is observed for the vertebrate enzymes under most conditions whereas a hyperbolic profile characterizes the concentration dependence of inhibition of the Azotobacter vinelandii enzyme by chlorothricin. In the case of rat liver pyruvate carboxylase chlorothricin does not alter the extent of cooperativity in the relationship between initial rate and CoASAc concentration. However, a small but significant increase of the Hill coefficient from a value of 2.7 in the absence of antibiotic to that of 3.3 in the presence of 0.5 mM chlorothricin is observed for chicken liver pyruvate carboxylase. Chlorothricin decreases the rate of inactivation observed when rat liver pyruvate carboxylase is incubated with trinitrobenzenesulfonate and when chicken liver pyruvate carboxylase is incubated at 2 degrees C. The maximal decrease in inactivation observed in the presence of saturating concentrations of antibiotic is 50% for cold inactivation of the chicken liver enzyme and 60% for inactivation of the enzyme from rat liver by trinitrobenzenesulfonate. In both cases a sigmoidal relationship is observed between inactivation rate and chlorothricin concentration. These data as well as the initial rate studies suggest that multiple interacting sites for this antibiotic are present on the vertebrate liver pyruvate carboxylases. The occupancy of these sites appears to cause significant distortion of both the catalytic and the activator sites.
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180
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Han PF, Owen GS, Johnson J. Purification and properties of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase from turkey liver. Arch Biochem Biophys 1975; 168:171-9. [PMID: 237473 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(75)90239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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181
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Balakrishnan CV, Ravindranath SD, Appaji Rao N. Studies on nucleotidases in plants. Dimerization of the crystalline mung bean nucleotide pyrophosphatase by 5'-adenosine monophosphate and the properties of the dimerized enzyme. Arch Biochem Biophys 1975; 168:163-70. [PMID: 166613 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(75)90238-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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182
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Schindler PW. Chlorothricin, and inhibitor of porcine-heart malate dehydrogenases, discriminating between the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic isoenzyme. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1975; 51:579-85. [PMID: 168072 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1975.tb03959.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The macrolide-type antibiotic chlorothricin was found to inhibit both the mitochondrial and the cytoplasmic form of pig heart malate dehydrogenase. Steady-state kinetic measurements revealed that in the direction of oxalacetate reduction chlorothricin is competitive with respect to NADH and non-competitive with respect to oxalacetate. Both the variation of initial velocity with NADH concentration in the presence of antibiotic, and, at several fixed levels of NADH, the variation of initial velocity with chlorothricin concentration deviates from the classical Michaelis-Menten relationship for the two isoenzymes. Since, despite the very similar kinetic behaviour of the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic species of malate dehydrogenase, the concentration of chlorothricin required for half-maximal inhibition of the two enzymes differs by more than a factor of 10 (the mitochondrial isoenzyme being more susceptible to inhibition), it is concluded that the NADH binding sites of the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic form of malate dehydrogenase from pig heart are different.
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183
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Van Tol A. On the occurrence of a temperature coefficient (Q10) of 18 and a discontinuous Arrhenius plot for homogeneous rabbit muscle fructosediphosphatase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1975; 62:750-6. [PMID: 164189 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(75)90463-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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184
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Ulm EH, Pogell BM, De Maine MM, Libby CB, Benkovic SJ. Fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase from rabbit liver. Methods Enzymol 1975; 42:369-74. [PMID: 237197 DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(75)42143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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185
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Nagy M, Reichert U, Ribet AM. Regulation of purine metabolism in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. IV. Variations in the stability and kinetic parameters of amidophosphoribosyltransferase depending on growth phase and growth conditions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 370:85-95. [PMID: 4371850 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(74)90034-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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186
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Marcus CJ, Byrne WL, Geller AM. Modification of the kinetics and regulatory properties of bovine hepatic fructose 1,6-diphosphatase with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. Life Sci 1974; 15:1765-80. [PMID: 4378098 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(74)90178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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187
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Papademas K, Penney D. Kinetic properties of turtle liver and kidney fructose diphosphatase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(74)90057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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189
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190
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Gonzalez F, Gonzalez AM, Marcus F. Fish liver fructose 1,6-diphosphatase. II. "Neutral" and "alkaline" forms. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1974; 48:67-73. [PMID: 4364856 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(74)90043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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191
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van Tol AV. Regulatory sulfhydryl groups, conformational change, and allosteric inhibition in rabbit muscle fructose diphosphatase. Arch Biochem Biophys 1974; 162:238-47. [PMID: 4364698 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(74)90124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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192
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Martin RJ. In vivo lipogenesis and enzyme levels in adipose and liver tissues from pair-fed genetically obese and lean rats. Life Sci 1974; 14:1447-53. [PMID: 4364277 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(74)90155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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193
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Martin RJ, Lamprey P. Changes in liver and adipose tissue enzymes and lipogenic activities during the onset of hypothalamic obesity in mice. Life Sci 1974; 14:1121-31. [PMID: 4595777 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(74)90236-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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194
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Kolb HJ. Biological and immunological activity of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase. Effect of structural changes on the quantitative displacement radioimmunoassay of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1974; 43:145-53. [PMID: 4365240 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03394.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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195
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Westby CA, Tsai WC. De novo purine synthesis in vegetative cells and myxospores of Myxococcus xanthus. J Bacteriol 1974; 117:1099-107. [PMID: 4360538 PMCID: PMC246589 DOI: 10.1128/jb.117.3.1099-1107.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to determine whether vegetative cells and myxospores of Myxococcus xanthus were capable of classical de novo purine biosynthesis. To answer this question, vegetative and myxospore extracts of M. xanthus FBa were tested for their ability to synthesize the second de novo intermediate, 5'-phosphoribosylglycinamide, from beginning precursors either by way of phosphoribosyl-pyrophosphate amido transferase (EC 2.4.2.14) or ribose-5-phosphate amino transferase. Both the amido and amino transferase routes occurred in both types of extracts, and both enzymes appear to be present at about the same level (per milligram of protein) in vegetative cells, myxospores, and in a bacterial prototype, Salmonella typhimurium. The dose response of the vegetative and myxospore forms of both enzymes towards adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) and guanosine 5'-monophosphate (GMP) suggests that the allosteric structure of both enzymes is changed little by sporulation. Both enzymes were inhibited to varying degrees by a variety of purine nucleotides besides AMP, GMP, and 3':5' cyclic AMP.
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Jain MK. Enzymic Hydrolysis of Various Components in Biomembranes and Related Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2161(08)60848-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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199
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Schindler PW, Zähner H. Mode of action of the macrolide-type antibiotic, chlorothricin. Kinetic study of the inhibition of pyruvate carboxylase from Bacillus stearothermophilus. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1973; 39:591-600. [PMID: 4775066 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1973.tb03158.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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200
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Han PF, Harris W. Interdependable effects of magnesium ion and ethylene diamine tetracetate (EDTA) on chicken liver D-fructose-1,6-diphosphate, 1-phosphohydrolase. Poult Sci 1973; 52:2180-3. [PMID: 4363539 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0522180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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