151
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Li J, Li D. Electroosmotic flow velocity in DNA modified nanochannels. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 553:31-39. [PMID: 31181468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electroosmotic flow (EOF) is systematically investigated in DNA grafted hard PDMS (h-PDMS) channels with size ranging from 50 nm to 2.5 μm by using the current-slope method. The effects of the DNA types, the incubation time in the process of surface modification, and the pH value, ionic concentration of electrolyte solutions, and the UV (ultraviolet) illumination on the velocity of electroosmotic flow are experimentally studied. It is found that the DNA type and the incubation time of DNAs affect the grafting density and the surface charge on the channel walls, thus influencing the EOF velocity. In the DNA modified channels, the pH effects on EOF velocity become less prominent compared with that in the pristine channels. On the contrary, UV illumination can increase the EOF velocity significantly in the DNA modified channels, whereas takes unapparent effects on EOF velocity in the pristine channels. The effects of ionic concentration on EOF are also studied in this paper. It is observed that EOF velocity is dependent on the channel size when the ionic concentration is low even without overlapped electric double layer (EDL) and is essentially independent of the channel size when the ionic concentration is high. Furthermore, with high ionic concentration and thin EDL, the EOF velocity can be enhanced by the coated DNA brushes on the channel surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Dongqing Li
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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152
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Instantaneous Water Purification by Deep Ultraviolet Light in Water Waveguide: Escherichia Coli Bacteria Disinfection. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11050968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The necessity of small water purification equipment has been increasing in recent years as a result of frequent natural disasters. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation treatment is an effective method for the disinfection of bacterial contaminants in water. As an emerging technology, disinfection by deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV-LEDs) is promising. Few studies have used the point-source characteristics of LEDs and have instead replaced mercury vapor lamps with LEDs. Here, we demonstrate the instantaneous purification of contaminated water by combining the point source characteristics of DUV-LEDs with a water waveguide (WW). The principle is based on the WW region acting as an effective DUV disinfector, whereby a high UV dose in a confined WW region can be applied to bacterial contaminants in a short period of time (around one second). We demonstrate the effect of this DUV-LED WW disinfection technique by showing the results of 3-log disinfection levels of water contaminated with Escherichia coli bacteria after a short treatment time. We believe that the combination of the point-source nature of DUV-LED emission, the water-waveguide effect, and a small photovoltaic cell paves the way toward environmentally friendly and emergency preparedness portable water purification equipment that instantaneously supplies clean water just before drinking.
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153
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Soares FS, Lettnin AP, Wagner EF, Mattozo FH, Carrett-Dias M, Rumjanek VMBD, Filgueira DMVB, de Souza Votto AP. Multidrug resistance phenotype: Relation between phenotype induction and its characteristics in erythroleukemia cells. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:214-219. [PMID: 30597722 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy may be followed by multiple drug resistance (MDR). This is an obstacle in the treatment of cancer. It is therefore essential to understand the mechanisms underlying tumor resistance, especially those involved in the cell target/MDR relationship. To investigate this, the effects of exposing cells to UVB (to target DNA), UVA, and H2 O2 (to target the cell membrane) were observed in K562 (non MDR) and FEPS (MDR) cell lines. The K562 cells were more sensitive to UVA than the FEPS cells. The FEPS cell line was more resistant to H2 O2 than K562, only presenting cytotoxicity 72 h after being exposed to 40 mM, with no ROS increase until 48 h. Both cell lines were sensitive to UVB, presenting cytotoxicity after 24 h, mainly by apoptosis, and showed an increase in ROS levels. Our results indicate that agents acting on DNA may be able to overcome the MDR phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Saldanha Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande- FURG, Av. Itália, Km 8, CEP 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brasil.,Laboratório de Cultura de Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Av. Itália, Km 8, CEP 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | - Aline Portantiolo Lettnin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande- FURG, Av. Itália, Km 8, CEP 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brasil.,Laboratório de Cultura de Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Av. Itália, Km 8, CEP 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | - Eduardo Felipe Wagner
- Laboratório de Cultura de Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Av. Itália, Km 8, CEP 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brasil.,Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Av. Itália, Km 8, CEP 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | - Francielly Hafele Mattozo
- Laboratório de Cultura de Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Av. Itália, Km 8, CEP 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | - Michele Carrett-Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande- FURG, Av. Itália, Km 8, CEP 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brasil.,Laboratório de Cultura de Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Av. Itália, Km 8, CEP 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | - Vivian Mary Barral Dodd Rumjanek
- Laboratório de Imunologia Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CEP 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Daza Moraes Vaz Batista Filgueira
- Laboratório de Cultura de Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Av. Itália, Km 8, CEP 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | - Ana Paula de Souza Votto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande- FURG, Av. Itália, Km 8, CEP 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brasil.,Laboratório de Cultura de Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Av. Itália, Km 8, CEP 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
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154
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Mo X, Preston S, Zaidi MR. Macroenvironment-gene-microenvironment interactions in ultraviolet radiation-induced melanomagenesis. Adv Cancer Res 2019; 144:1-54. [PMID: 31349897 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous malignant melanoma is one of the few major cancers that continue to exhibit a positive rate of increase in the developed world. A wealth of epidemiological data has undisputedly implicated ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from sunlight and artificial sources as the major risk factor for melanomagenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms of this cause-and-effect relationship remain murky and understudied. Recent efforts on multiple fronts have brought unprecedented expansion of our knowledge base on this subject and it is now clear that melanoma is caused by a complex interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental exposure, primarily to UVR. Here we provide an overview of the effects of the macroenvironment (UVR) on the skin microenvironment and melanocyte-specific intrinsic (mostly genetic) landscape, which conspire to produce one of the deadliest malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Mo
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sarah Preston
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - M Raza Zaidi
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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155
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Nayek U, Unnikrishnan VK, Abdul Salam AA, Vasa P, Chidangil S, Mathur D. Strong Strand Breaks in DNA Induced by Thermal Energy Particles and Their Electrostatic Inhibition by Na + Nanostructures. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:3241-3247. [PMID: 30920832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Low-power laser pulses of 6 ns duration (1064 nm wavelength) have been used to create plasma in an aqueous solution of plasmid DNA (pUC19). Thermal energy electrons and •OH radicals in the plasma induce strand breakages in DNA, including double strand breaks and possible base oxidation/base degradation. The time evolution of these modifications shows that it takes barely 30 s for damage to DNA to occur. Addition of physiologically relevant concentrations of a salt (NaCl) significantly inhibits such damage. We rationalize such inhibition using simple electrostatic considerations. The observation that DNA damage is induced by plasma-induced photolysis of water suggests implications beyond studies of DNA and opens new vistas for using simple nanosecond lasers to probe how ultralow energy radiation may affect living matter under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Parinda Vasa
- Department of Physics , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai 400 076 , India
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156
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Han HS, Shin JS, Myung DB, Ahn HS, Lee SH, Kim HJ, Lee KT. Hydrangea serrata (Thunb.) Ser. Extract Attenuate UVB-Induced Photoaging through MAPK/AP-1 Inactivation in Human Skin Fibroblasts and Hairless Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030533. [PMID: 30823635 PMCID: PMC6470489 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin photoaging is mainly caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, which increases expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and destroys collagen fibers, consequently inducing wrinkle formation. Nutritional factors have received scientific attention for use as agents for normal skin functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hot water extracts from the leaves of Hydrangea serrata (Thunb.) Ser. (WHS) against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin photoaging and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms in human foreskin fibroblasts (Hs68) and HR-1 hairless mice. WHS recovered UVB-reduced cell viability and ameliorated oxidative stress by inhibiting intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in Hs68 cells. WHS rescued UVB-induced collagen degradation by suppressing MMP expression, and reduced the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines. These anti-photoaging activities of WHS were associated with inhibition of the activator protein 1 (AP-1), signal transduction and activation of transcription 1 (STAT1), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Oral administration of WHS effectively alleviated dorsal skin from wrinkle formation, epidermal thickening, collagen degradation, and skin dehydration in HR-1 hairless mice exposed to UVB. Notably, WHS suppressed UVB activation of the AP-1 and MAPK signaling pathways in dorsal mouse skin tissues. Taken together, our data indicate that WHS prevents UVB-induced skin damage due to collagen degradation and MMP activation via inactivation of MAPK/AP-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Soo Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Ji-Sun Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Da-Bin Myung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Hye Shin Ahn
- Department of New Material Development, COSMAXBIO, Seongnam 13486, Korea.
| | - Sun Hee Lee
- Department of New Material Development, COSMAXBIO, Seongnam 13486, Korea.
| | - Hyoung Ja Kim
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Materials and Life Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
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157
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Nair S, Loppnow GR. Comparison of K- Ras and N- Ras Mutagenic Hot Spots for UVC Damage. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:3469-3475. [PMID: 30873508 PMCID: PMC6410678 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
It has been well established that mutations in K-Ras and N-Ras proto-oncogenes can convert them into active oncogenes. Current molecular cancer research has been focused on determining the key steps by which cellular genes become oncogenes and not on the underlying and fundamental chemical damage mechanism and susceptibility to damage. In this study, we investigate the damage hot spots present in the N-Ras and K-Ras genes upon exposure to UVC radiation. Detection of damage is accomplished by a simple, sensitive, mix-and-read assay using an EvaGreen probe in a 96-well microtiter plate. Our results show that, although there is high degree of sequential similarities among K-Ras and N-Ras genes, they show different degrees of UV damage in different portions of their genomes. Our experiments demonstrate that overall, the K-Ras genome is more prone to UVC damage than the N-Ras genome. We observe that the extent of damage increases with increasing number of TTs in a sequence, consistent with previous results that show that thymine cyclobutyl photodimers are the primary DNA damage photoproducts upon UVC irradiation. This understanding of the effect of UVC radiation on various codons of K-Ras and N-Ras genes will help to increase our understanding about hot spots of DNA damage and the chemical damage mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu
G. Nair
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Glen R. Loppnow
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
- E-mail: . Phone: (780) 492-9704. Fax: (780) 492-8231
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158
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YwqL (EndoV), ExoA and PolA act in a novel alternative excision pathway to repair deaminated DNA bases in Bacillus subtilis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211653. [PMID: 30726292 PMCID: PMC6364969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA deamination generates base transitions and apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP)-sites which are potentially genotoxic and cytotoxic. In Bacillus subtilis uracil can be removed from DNA by the uracil DNA-glycosylase through the base excision repair pathway. Genetic evidence suggests that B. subtilis YwqL, a homolog of Endonuclease-V (EndoV), acts on a wider spectrum of deaminated bases but the factors that complete this pathway have remained elusive. Here, we report that a purified His6-YwqL (hereafter BsEndoV) protein had in vitro endonuclease activity against double-stranded DNAs containing a single uracil (U), hypoxanthine (Hx), xanthine (X) or an AP site. Interestingly, while BsEndoV catalyzed a single strand break at the second phosphodiester bond towards the 3'-end of the U and AP lesions, there was an additional cleavage of the phosphodiester bond preceding the Hx and X lesions. Remarkably, the repair event initiated by BsEndoV on Hx and X, was completed by a recombinant B. subtilis His6-DNA polymerase A (BsPolA), but not on BsEndoV-processed U and AP lesions. For the latter lesions a second excision event performed by a recombinant B. subtilis His6-ExoA (BsExoA) was necessary before completion of their repair by BsPolA. These results suggest the existence of a novel alternative excision repair pathway in B. subtilis that counteracts the genotoxic effects of base deamination. The presence of this novel pathway in vivo in B. subtilis was also supported by analysis of effects of single or multiple deletions of exoA, endoV and polA on spontaneous mutations in growing cells, and the sensitivity of growing wild-type and mutant cells to a DNA deaminating agent.
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159
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Moreno NC, Garcia CCM, Munford V, Rocha CRR, Pelegrini AL, Corradi C, Sarasin A, Menck CFM. The key role of UVA-light induced oxidative stress in human Xeroderma Pigmentosum Variant cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 131:432-442. [PMID: 30553972 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The UVA component of sunlight induces DNA damage, which are basically responsible for skin cancer formation. Xeroderma Pigmentosum Variant (XP-V) patients are defective in the DNA polymerase pol eta that promotes translesion synthesis after sunlight-induced DNA damage, implying in a clinical phenotype of increased frequency of skin cancer. However, the role of UVA-light in the carcinogenesis of these patients is not completely understood. The goal of this work was to characterize UVA-induced DNA damage and the consequences to XP-V cells, compared to complemented cells. DNA damage were induced in both cells by UVA, but lesion removal was particularly affected in XP-V cells, possibly due to the oxidation of DNA repair proteins, as indicated by the increase of carbonylated proteins. Moreover, UVA irradiation promoted replication fork stalling and cell cycle arrest in the S-phase for XP-V cells. Interestingly, when cells were treated with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, all these deleterious effects were consistently reverted, revealing the role of oxidative stress in these processes. Together, these results strongly indicate the crucial role of oxidative stress in UVA-induced cytotoxicity and are of interest for the protection of XP-V patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Cestari Moreno
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Veridiana Munford
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Alessandra Luiza Pelegrini
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Corradi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alain Sarasin
- Laboratory of Genetic Instability and Oncogenesis, UMR8200 CNRS, University Paris-Sud, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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160
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Yang G, Luo W, Zhang J, Yan X, Du Y, Zhou L, Li W, Wang H, Chen Z, Guo T. Genome-Wide Comparisons of Mutations Induced by Carbon-Ion Beam and Gamma-Rays Irradiation in Rice via Resequencing Multiple Mutants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1514. [PMID: 31850019 PMCID: PMC6892775 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Physical mutagens, such as carbon-ion beams (CIBs) and gamma rays (GRs), induce mutations with high frequency at a relatively low dose and are more user-friendly and environment-friendly in mutation breeding. Previous studies showed that CIBs induced large sized deletions and insertions, and chromosomal rearrangements, whereas GRs induce shorter deletions and insertions, and more frequent base substitutions. However, the difference on the genomic level between CIB- and GR-induced mutations remains to be clarified. In the present study, we re-sequence six mutagenized lines derived from CIB irradiation and four mutagenized lines derived from GRs. A total of 283 and 381 variations are induced in these mutants by CIBs and GRs, respectively, including single base substitutions (SBSs), small insertion and deletions (InDels), multiple nucleotide variants (MNVs). SBSs are the most abundant type of mutation and single base transition is the main form for SBSs. CIB-induced InDels accounted for 25.44% of the total variations, while GR-induced InDels accounted for 17.85%. On the contrary, the frequency of MNVs induced by GRs was approximately 2.19 times that induced by CIBs, which indicates CIBs induced increased InDels, whereas GRs induced increased MNVs. Notably, multiple base deletions (≥5 bp) were induced at a much higher frequency by CIBs than by GRs. We also find mutations induced by CIBs and GRs are unevenly distributed on chromosomes. Unusual high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) mutation regions are discovered by analyzing mutations per 1Mb along the genome. The mutation frequency within the HF regions were significantly higher than the LF regions (P < 0.05). A large majority of SBSs, InDels, and MNVs induced by CIBs and GRs occurred in upstream and downstream regions. Our study compares difference of mutation profiles induced by the CIB irradiation and GR on rice genomes, and give some clues for understanding the mutagenesis mechanism of physical radiation and improving the mutagenesis efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guili Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenlong Luo
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiancheng Yan
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Du
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Libin Zhou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenjian Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Guo,
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161
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Nyangaresi PO, Qin Y, Chen G, Zhang B, Lu Y, Shen L. Effects of single and combined UV-LEDs on inactivation and subsequent reactivation of E. coli in water disinfection. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 147:331-341. [PMID: 30317042 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) have shown a potential to replace traditional Ultraviolet (UV) pressure lamps for water disinfection. However, the research is not sufficient and hence, it is still difficult to make any logical conclusions. In this work, UV-LEDs with peak emissions at 267, 275, 310 nm and combined emissions at 267/275, 267/310 and 275/310 nm were applied to a batch water disinfection system. Under either single- or combined-wavelength situation, the inactivation efficiency, reactivation (due to photoreactivation and dark repair) after UV irradiation and electrical energy consumption were evaluated by way of the model bacterium Escherichia coli. It was found that, the 267 nm UV-LED had the highest inactivation efficiency than other UV-LEDs. Although reactivation occurred after 267, 275, 267/275 and 275/310 nm UV-LEDs' irradiations, it occurred to a lesser extent in dark repair than in photoreactivation, demonstrating that photo-effect is the dominant mechanism of reactivation. In addition, decay phase was more prominent than reactivation in dark repair. However, the irradiation by the 275 nm UV-LED showed a better persistence against reactivation which could be attributed to protein damage at 275 nm. No synergistic effect for combined wavelengths was observed in this study. The electrical energy consumption was lower for the 275 nm UV-LED than the other UV-LEDs which was attributed to its higher wall plug efficiency. This study showed the variation principle between the single and combined UVB/UVC-LEDs in inactivation efficiency, inhibition of reactivation, synergistic effect and electrical energy consumption in treatment of E. coli, which is useful for the reasonable exploitation of UV-LEDs in water disinfection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Onkundi Nyangaresi
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Optoelectronics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Optoelectronics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Guolong Chen
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Engineering Research Center for Solid-State Lighting, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Baoping Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Optoelectronics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China.
| | - Yinghua Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Liang Shen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China.
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162
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Moreno NC, Garcia CCM, Rocha CRR, Munford V, Menck CFM. ATR/Chk1 Pathway is Activated by Oxidative Stress in Response to UVA Light in Human Xeroderma Pigmentosum Variant Cells. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 95:345-354. [PMID: 30362123 DOI: 10.1111/php.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The crucial role of DNA polymerase eta in protecting against sunlight-induced tumors is evidenced in Xeroderma Pigmentosum Variant (XP-V) patients, who carry mutations in this protein and present increased frequency of skin cancer. XP-V cellular phenotypes may be aggravated if proteins of DNA damage response (DDR) pathway are blocked, as widely demonstrated by experiments with UVC light and caffeine. However, little is known about the participation of DDR in XP-V cells exposed to UVA light, the wavelengths patients are mostly exposed. Here, we demonstrate the participation of ATR kinase in protecting XP-V cells after receiving low UVA doses using a specific inhibitor, with a remarkable increase in sensitivity and γH2AX signaling. Corroborating ATR participation in UVA-DDR, a significant increase in Chk1 protein phosphorylation, as well as S-phase cell cycle arrest, is also observed. Moreover, the participation of oxidative stress is supported by the antioxidant action of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which significantly protects XP-V cells from UVA light, even in the presence of the ATR inhibitor. These findings indicate that the ATR/Chk1 pathway is activated to control UVA-induced oxidatively generated DNA damage and emphasizes the role of ATR kinase as a mediator of genomic stability in pol eta defective cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Cestari Moreno
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Veridiana Munford
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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163
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Wilmott JS, Johansson PA, Newell F, Waddell N, Ferguson P, Quek C, Patch AM, Nones K, Shang P, Pritchard AL, Kazakoff S, Holmes O, Leonard C, Wood S, Xu Q, Saw RPM, Spillane AJ, Stretch JR, Shannon KF, Kefford RF, Menzies AM, Long GV, Thompson JF, Pearson JV, Mann GJ, Hayward NK, Scolyer RA. Whole genome sequencing of melanomas in adolescent and young adults reveals distinct mutation landscapes and the potential role of germline variants in disease susceptibility. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:1049-1060. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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164
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Callaghan S, Senge MO. The good, the bad, and the ugly - controlling singlet oxygen through design of photosensitizers and delivery systems for photodynamic therapy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:1490-1514. [PMID: 29569665 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00008e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen, although integral to photodynamic therapy, is notoriously uncontrollable, suffers from poor selectivity and has fast decomposition rates in biological media. Across the scientific community, there is a conscious effort to refine singlet oxygen interactions and initiate selective and controlled release to produce a consistent and reproducible therapeutic effect in target tissue. This perspective aims to provide an insight into the contemporary design principles behind photosensitizers and drug delivery systems that depend on a singlet oxygen response or controlled release. The discussion will be accompanied by in vitro and in vivo examples, in an attempt to highlight advancements in the field and future prospects for the more widespread application of photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Callaghan
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mathias O Senge
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland and Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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165
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Fornaro T, Steele A, Brucato JR. Catalytic/Protective Properties of Martian Minerals and Implications for Possible Origin of Life on Mars. Life (Basel) 2018; 8:life8040056. [PMID: 30400661 PMCID: PMC6315534 DOI: 10.3390/life8040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Minerals might have played critical roles for the origin and evolution of possible life forms on Mars. The study of the interactions between the "building blocks of life" and minerals relevant to Mars mineralogy under conditions mimicking the harsh Martian environment may provide key insight into possible prebiotic processes. Therefore, this contribution aims at reviewing the most important investigations carried out so far about the catalytic/protective properties of Martian minerals toward molecular biosignatures under Martian-like conditions. Overall, it turns out that the fate of molecular biosignatures on Mars depends on a delicate balance between multiple preservation and degradation mechanisms, often regulated by minerals, which may take place simultaneously. Such a complexity requires more efforts in simulating realistically the Martian environment in order to better inspect plausible prebiotic pathways and shed light on the nature of the organic compounds detected both in meteorites and on the surface of Mars through in situ analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Fornaro
- Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution for Science, 5251 Broad Branch Rd. NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA.
| | - Andrew Steele
- Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution for Science, 5251 Broad Branch Rd. NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA.
| | - John Robert Brucato
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Arcetri, L.go E. Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, Italy.
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166
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Hesterberg RS, Amorrortu RP, Zhao Y, Hampras S, Akuffo AA, Fenske N, Cherpelis B, Balliu J, Vijayan L, Epling-Burnette PK, Rollison DE. T Regulatory Cell Subpopulations Associated with Recent Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure in a Skin Cancer Screening Cohort. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:3269-3281. [PMID: 30389774 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UV radiation (UVR) causing DNA damage is a well-documented risk factor for nonmelanoma skin cancer. Although poorly understood, UVR may also indirectly contribute to carcinogenesis by promoting immune evasion. To our knowledge, we report the first epidemiological study designed to investigate the association between quantitative measures of UVR, obtained using a spectrophotometer, and circulating T regulatory (Treg) cells. In addition to total Treg cells, the proportion of functionally distinct Treg cell subsets defined by CD45RA and CD27 phenotypic markers, graded expression of FOXP3 and CD25, and those expressing cutaneous lymphocyte-associated Ag and the chemokine receptor CCR4 were enumerated in 350 individuals undergoing routine skin cancer screening exams and determined not to have prevalent skin cancer. No associations were identified for UVR exposure or the overall proportion of circulating Treg cells; however, Treg cell subpopulations with an activation-associated phenotype, CD45RA-/CD27-, and those expressing cutaneous homing receptors were significantly positively associated with UVR. These subpopulations of Treg cells also differed by age, sex, and race. After stratification by natural skin tone, and adjusting for age and sex, we found that spectrophotometer-based measures of UVR exposure, but not self-reported measures of past sun exposure, were positively correlated with the highest levels of these Treg cell subpopulations, particularly among lighter-skinned individuals. Findings from this large epidemiologic study highlight the diversity of human Treg cell subpopulations associated with UVR, thus raising questions about the specific coordinated expression of CD45RA, CD27, CCR4, and cutaneous lymphocyte-associated Ag on Treg cells and the possibility that UVR contributes to nonmelanoma skin cancer carcinogenesis through Treg cell-mediated immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Hesterberg
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612.,Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612
| | | | - Yayi Zhao
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612; and
| | - Shalaka Hampras
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612; and
| | - Afua A Akuffo
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612.,Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Neil Fenske
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Basil Cherpelis
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Juliana Balliu
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612; and
| | - Laxmi Vijayan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612; and
| | | | - Dana E Rollison
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612; and
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167
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Kawashima S, Funakoshi T, Sato Y, Saito N, Ohsawa H, Kurita K, Nagata K, Yoshida M, Ishigami A. Protective effect of pre- and post-vitamin C treatments on UVB-irradiation-induced skin damage. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16199. [PMID: 30385817 PMCID: PMC6212420 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported the effects of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid, AA) on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced cell damage using cultured keratinocytes. However, the epidermis consists of multiple cell layers, and the effect of AA on UVB-induced damage to the human epidermis remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effect of AA on UVB-induced skin damage using reconstituted human epidermis. The reconstituted human epidermal surface was treated with 100 and 500 mM AA and cultured for 3 h before (pre-AA treatment) or after (post-AA treatment) 120 mJ/cm2 UVB irradiation. Pre- and post-AA treatments of the epidermal surface suppressed UVB-induced cell death, apoptosis, DNA damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the inflammatory response by downregulating tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression and release. Moreover, the pre-AA treatment was more effective at preventing UVB-induced skin damage than the post-AA treatment. In summary, pre- and post-AA treatments of the epidermis prevent UVB-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Kawashima
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.,Department of Life Science and Bioethics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.,Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoko Funakoshi
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sato
- Department of Bioenvironmental Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Ishikawa, 920-1181, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Kisaburo Nagata
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yoshida
- Department of Life Science and Bioethics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Akihito Ishigami
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
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168
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Wang X, Yu H. The effect of DNA backbone on the triplet mechanism of UV-induced thymine-thymine (6-4) dimer formation. J Mol Model 2018; 24:319. [PMID: 30353277 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations were carried out to investigate the formation mechanism of the thymine-thymine (6-4) dimer ((6-4)TT), which is one of the main DNA lesions induced by ultraviolet radiation and is closely related to skin cancers. The DNA backbone was found to have nonnegligible effects on the triplet reaction pathway, particularly the reaction steps involving substantial base rotations. The mechanism for the isomerization from (6-4)TT to its Dewar valence isomer (DewarTT) was also explored, confirming the necessity of absorbing a second photon. In addition, the solvation effects were examined and showed considerable influence on the potential energy surface. Graphical Abstract DFT calculations on the influence of DNA backbone on the mechanism of UV-induced thymine-thymine (6-4) dimer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia. .,Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Haibo Yu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia. .,Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia. .,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
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169
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Wolf SJ, Estadt SN, Gudjonsson JE, Kahlenberg JM. Human and Murine Evidence for Mechanisms Driving Autoimmune Photosensitivity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2430. [PMID: 30405625 PMCID: PMC6205973 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) light is an important environmental trigger for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, yet the mechanisms by which UV light impacts disease are not fully known. This review covers evidence in both human and murine systems for the impacts of UV light on DNA damage, apoptosis, autoantigen exposure, cytokine production, inflammatory cell recruitment, and systemic flare induction. In addition, the role of the circadian clock is discussed. Evidence is compared in healthy individuals and SLE patients as well as in wild-type and lupus-prone mice. Further research is needed into the effects of UV light on cutaneous and systemic immune responses to understand how to prevent UV-light mediated lupus flares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya J. Wolf
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Immunology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Shannon N. Estadt
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Immunology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - J. Michelle Kahlenberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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170
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Barnes JL, Zubair M, John K, Poirier MC, Martin FL. Carcinogens and DNA damage. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:1213-1224. [PMID: 30287511 PMCID: PMC6195640 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Humans are variously and continuously exposed to a wide range of different DNA-damaging agents, some of which are classed as carcinogens. DNA damage can arise from exposure to exogenous agents, but damage from endogenous processes is probably far more prevalent. That said, epidemiological studies of migrant populations from regions of low cancer risk to high cancer risk countries point to a role for environmental and/or lifestyle factors playing a pivotal part in cancer aetiology. One might reasonably surmise from this that carcinogens found in our environment or diet are culpable. Exposure to carcinogens is associated with various forms of DNA damage such as single-stand breaks, double-strand breaks, covalently bound chemical DNA adducts, oxidative-induced lesions and DNA-DNA or DNA-protein cross-links. This review predominantly concentrates on DNA damage induced by the following carcinogens: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic aromatic amines, mycotoxins, ultraviolet light, ionising radiation, aristolochic acid, nitrosamines and particulate matter. Additionally, we allude to some of the cancer types where there is molecular epidemiological evidence that these agents are aetiological risk factors. The complex role that carcinogens play in the pathophysiology of cancer development remains obscure, but DNA damage remains pivotal to this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Barnes
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, U.K
| | - Maria Zubair
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, U.K
| | - Kaarthik John
- Carcinogen-DNA Interactions Section, LCBG, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, U.S.A
| | - Miriam C Poirier
- Carcinogen-DNA Interactions Section, LCBG, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, U.S.A.
| | - Francis L Martin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, U.K.
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171
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Williams HL, Erickson BA, Neumark DM. Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of adenosine and adenosine monophosphate photodeactivation dynamics in water microjets. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:194303. [PMID: 30307253 DOI: 10.1063/1.5027258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The excited state relaxation dynamics of adenosine and adenosine monophosphate were studied at multiple excitation energies using femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy in a liquid water microjet. At pump energies of 4.69-4.97 eV, the lowest ππ* excited state, S1, was accessed and its decay dynamics were probed via ionization at 6.20 eV. By reversing the role of the pump and probe lasers, a higher-lying ππ* state was excited at 6.20 eV and its time-evolving photoelectron spectrum was monitored at probe energies of 4.69-4.97 eV. The S1 ππ* excited state was found to decay with a lifetime ranging from ∼210 to 250 fs in adenosine and ∼220 to 250 fs in adenosine monophosphate. This lifetime drops with increasing pump photon energy. Signal from the higher-lying ππ* excited state decayed on a time scale of ∼320 fs and was measureable only in adenosine monophosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly L Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Blake A Erickson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Daniel M Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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172
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Giannakis S. Analogies and differences among bacterial and viral disinfection by the photo-Fenton process at neutral pH: a mini review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:27676-27692. [PMID: 29255985 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0926-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the last years, the photo-Fenton process has been established as an effective, green alternative to chemical disinfection of waters and wastewaters. Microorganisms' inactivation is the latest success story in the application of this process at near-neutral pH, albeit without clearly elucidated inactivation mechanisms. In this review, the main pathways of the combined photo-Fenton process against the most frequent pathogen models (Escherichia coli for bacteria and MS2 bacteriophage for viruses) are analyzed. Firstly, the action of solar light is described and the specific inactivation mechanisms in bacteria (internal photo-Fenton) and viruses (genome damage) are presented. The contribution of the external pathways due to the potential presence of organic matter in generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their effects on microorganism inactivation are discussed. Afterwards, the effects of the gradual addition of Fe and H2O2 are assessed and the differences among bacterial and viral inactivation are highlighted. As a final step, the simultaneous addition of both reagents induces the photo-Fenton in the bulk, focusing on the differences induced by the homogeneous or heterogeneous fraction of the process and the variation among the two respective targets. This work exploits the accumulated evidence on the mechanisms of bacterial inactivation and the scarce ones towards viral targets, aiming to bridge this knowledge gap and make possible the further application of the photo-Fenton process in the field of water/wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Giannakis
- School of Basic Sciences (SB), Institute of Chemical Science and Engineering (ISIC), Group of Advanced Oxidation Processes (GPAO), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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173
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Núñez-Núñez CM, Chairez-Hernández I, García-Roig M, García-Prieto JC, Melgoza-Alemán RM, Proal-Nájera JB. UV-C/H2O2 heterogeneous photocatalytic inactivation of coliforms in municipal wastewater in a TiO2/SiO2 fixed bed reactor: a kinetic and statistical approach. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-018-1473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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174
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Role of DNA Repair and Protective Components in Bacillus subtilis Spore Resistance to Inactivation by 400-nm-Wavelength Blue Light. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.01604-18. [PMID: 30054368 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01604-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The high intrinsic decontamination resistance of Firmicutes spores is important medically (disease) and commercially (food spoilage). Effective methods of spore eradication would be of considerable interest in the health care and medical product industries, particularly if the decontamination method effectively killed spores while remaining benign to both humans and sensitive equipment. Intense blue light at a ∼400 nm wavelength is one such treatment that has drawn significant interest. This work has determined the resistance of spores to blue light in an extensive panel of Bacillus subtilis strains, including wild-type strains and mutants that (i) lack protective components such as the spore coat and its pigment(s) or the DNA protective α/β-type small, acid-soluble spore proteins (SASP); (ii) have an elevated spore core water content; or (iii) lack enzymes involved in DNA repair, including those for homologous recombination and nonhomologous end joining (HR and NHEJ), apurinic/apyrimidinic endonucleases, nucleotide and base excision repair (NER and BER), translesion synthesis (TLS) by Y-family DNA polymerases, and spore photoproduct (SP) removal by SP lyase (SPL). The most important factors in spore blue light resistance were determined to be spore coats/pigmentation, α/β-type SASP, NER, BER, TLS, and SP repair. A major conclusion from this work is that blue light kills spores by DNA damage, and the results in this work indicate at least some of the specific DNA damage. It appears that high-intensity blue light could be a significant addition to the agents used to kill bacterial spores in applied settings.IMPORTANCE Effective methods of spore inactivation would be of considerable interest in the health care and medical products industries, particularly if the decontamination method effectively killed spores while remaining benign to both humans and sensitive equipment. Intense blue light radiation is one such treatment that has drawn significant interest. In this work, all known spore-protective features, as well as universal and spore-specific DNA repair mechanisms, were tested in a systematic fashion for their contribution to the resistance of spores to blue light radiation.
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175
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Sanz-Murillo M, Xu J, Belogurov GA, Calvo O, Gil-Carton D, Moreno-Morcillo M, Wang D, Fernández-Tornero C. Structural basis of RNA polymerase I stalling at UV light-induced DNA damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:8972-8977. [PMID: 30127008 PMCID: PMC6130403 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1802626115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA polymerase I (Pol I) transcribes ribosomal DNA (rDNA) to produce the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) precursor, which accounts for up to 60% of the total transcriptional activity in growing cells. Pol I monitors rDNA integrity and influences cell survival, but little is known about how this enzyme processes UV-induced lesions. We report the electron cryomicroscopy structure of Pol I in an elongation complex containing a cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) at a resolution of 3.6 Å. The structure shows that the lesion induces an early translocation intermediate exhibiting unique features. The bridge helix residue Arg1015 plays a major role in CPD-induced Pol I stalling, as confirmed by mutational analysis. These results, together with biochemical data presented here, reveal the molecular mechanism of Pol I stalling by CPD lesions, which is distinct from Pol II arrest by CPD lesions. Our findings open the avenue to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying cell endurance to lesions on rDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sanz-Murillo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jun Xu
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0625
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0625
| | | | - Olga Calvo
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - David Gil-Carton
- Structural Biology Unit, Cooperative Center for Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - María Moreno-Morcillo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dong Wang
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0625;
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0625
| | - Carlos Fernández-Tornero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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176
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Wang AS, Dreesen O. Biomarkers of Cellular Senescence and Skin Aging. Front Genet 2018; 9:247. [PMID: 30190724 PMCID: PMC6115505 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an irreversible growth arrest that occurs as a result of different damaging stimuli, including DNA damage, telomere shortening and dysfunction or oncogenic stress. Senescent cells exert a pleotropic effect on development, tissue aging and regeneration, inflammation, wound healing and tumor suppression. Strategies to remove senescent cells from aging tissues or preneoplastic lesions can delay tissue dysfunction and lead to increased healthspan. However, a significant hurdle in the aging field has been the identification of a universal biomarker that facilitates the unequivocal detection and quantification of senescent cell types in vitro and in vivo. Mammalian skin is the largest organ of the human body and consists of different cell types and compartments. Skin provides a physical barrier against harmful microbes, toxins, and protects us from ultraviolet radiation. Increasing evidence suggests that senescent cells accumulate in chronologically aged and photoaged skin; and may contribute to age-related skin changes and pathologies. Here, we highlight current biomarkers to detect senescent cells and review their utility in the context of skin aging. In particular, we discuss the efficacy of biomarkers to detect senescence within different skin compartments and cell types, and how they may contribute to myriad manifestations of skin aging and age-related skin pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey S Wang
- Cell Ageing, Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), A∗STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Oliver Dreesen
- Cell Ageing, Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), A∗STAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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177
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Wang L, Wang C, Li H, Yang X, Wang Y, Guo X, Xu B. Isolation of
AccGalectin1
from
Apis cerana cerana
and its functions in development and adverse stress response. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:671-684. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University Taian Shandong China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University Taian Shandong China
| | - Han Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University Taian Shandong China
| | - Xinxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University Taian Shandong China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University Taian Shandong China
| | - Xingqi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University Taian Shandong China
| | - Baohua Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University Taian Shandong China
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178
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Nelson KL, Boehm AB, Davies-Colley RJ, Dodd MC, Kohn T, Linden KG, Liu Y, Maraccini PA, McNeill K, Mitch WA, Nguyen TH, Parker KM, Rodriguez RA, Sassoubre LM, Silverman AI, Wigginton KR, Zepp RG. Sunlight-mediated inactivation of health-relevant microorganisms in water: a review of mechanisms and modeling approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:1089-1122. [PMID: 30047962 PMCID: PMC7064263 DOI: 10.1039/c8em00047f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Health-relevant microorganisms present in natural surface waters and engineered treatment systems that are exposed to sunlight can be inactivated by a complex set of interacting mechanisms. The net impact of sunlight depends on the solar spectral irradiance, the susceptibility of the specific microorganism to each mechanism, and the water quality; inactivation rates can vary by orders of magnitude depending on the organism and environmental conditions. Natural organic matter (NOM) has a large influence, as it can attenuate radiation and thus decrease inactivation by endogenous mechanisms. Simultaneously NOM sensitizes the formation of reactive intermediates that can damage microorganisms via exogenous mechanisms. To accurately predict inactivation and design engineered systems that enhance solar inactivation, it is necessary to model these processes, although some details are not yet sufficiently well understood. In this critical review, we summarize the photo-physics, -chemistry, and -biology that underpin sunlight-mediated inactivation, as well as the targets of damage and cellular responses to sunlight exposure. Viruses that are not susceptible to exogenous inactivation are only inactivated if UVB wavelengths (280-320 nm) are present, such as in very clear, open waters or in containers that are transparent to UVB. Bacteria are susceptible to slightly longer wavelengths. Some viruses and bacteria (especially Gram-positive) are susceptible to exogenous inactivation, which can be initiated by visible as well as UV wavelengths. We review approaches to model sunlight-mediated inactivation and illustrate how the environmental conditions can dramatically shift the inactivation rate of organisms. The implications of this mechanistic understanding of solar inactivation are discussed for a range of applications, including recreational water quality, natural treatment systems, solar disinfection of drinking water (SODIS), and enhanced inactivation via the use of sensitizers and photocatalysts. Finally, priorities for future research are identified that will further our understanding of the key role that sunlight disinfection plays in natural systems and the potential to enhance this process in engineered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara L Nelson
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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179
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Son HY, Koo BI, Lee JB, Kim KR, Kim W, Jang J, Yoon MS, Cho JW, Nam YS. Tannin-Titanium Oxide Multilayer as a Photochemically Suppressed Ultraviolet Filter. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:27344-27354. [PMID: 30039969 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b09200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
UV filters can initiate redox reactions of oxygen and water when exposed to sunlight, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) that deteriorate the products containing them and cause biological damages. This photochemical reactivity originates from the high chemical potential of UV filters, which also determines the optical properties desirable for sunscreen applications. We hypothesize that this dilemma can be alleviated if the photochemical pathway of UV filters is altered to coupling with redox active molecules. Here, we employ tannic acid (TA) as a key molecule for controlling the photochemical properties of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs). TA provides an unusual way for layer-by-layer assembly of TiO2 NPs by the formation of a ligand-to-metal charge transfer complex that alters the nature of UV absorption of TiO2 NPs. The galloyl moieties of TA efficiently scavenge ROS due to the stabilization of ROS by intramolecular hydrogen bonding while facilitating UV screening through direct charge injection from TA to the conduction band of TiO2. The TiO2-TA multilayers assembled in open porous polymer microspheres substantially increased sun protection while dramatically reducing ROS under UV exposure. The assembled structure exhibits excellent in vivo anti-UV skin protection against epidermal hyperplasia, inflammation, and keratinocyte apoptosis without long-term toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jun Bae Lee
- Innovation Lab , Cosmax Research & Innovation Center , 662 Sampyong-dong , Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13486 , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Woojin Kim
- Pathology Research Center, Department of Jeonbuk Inhalation Research , Korea Institute of Toxicology , 30 Baekhak-1-gil , Jeongup 56212 , Jeonbuk , Republic of Korea
| | - Jihui Jang
- Innovation Lab , Cosmax Research & Innovation Center , 662 Sampyong-dong , Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13486 , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Moung Seok Yoon
- Innovation Lab , Cosmax Research & Innovation Center , 662 Sampyong-dong , Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13486 , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Cho
- Pathology Research Center, Department of Jeonbuk Inhalation Research , Korea Institute of Toxicology , 30 Baekhak-1-gil , Jeongup 56212 , Jeonbuk , Republic of Korea
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180
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Benabou S, Ruckebusch C, Sliwa M, Aviñó A, Eritja R, Gargallo R, de Juan A. Study of light-induced formation of photodimers in the i-motif nucleic acid structure by rapid-scan FTIR difference spectroscopy and hybrid hard- and soft-modelling. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:19635-19646. [PMID: 30010680 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00850g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The i-motif is a DNA structure formed by cytosine-rich sequences, very relevant from a biochemical point of view and potentially useful in nanotechnology as pH-sensitive nanodevices or nanomotors. To provide a different view on the structural changes and dynamics of direct excitation processes involving i-motif structures, the use of rapid-scan FTIR spectroscopy is proposed. Hybrid hard- and soft-modelling based on the Multivariate Curve Resolution by Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS) algorithm has been used for the resolution of rapid-scan FTIR spectra and the interpretation of the photochemically induced time-dependent conformational changes of i-motif structures. The hybrid hard- and soft-modelling version of MCR-ALS (HS-MCR), which allows the introduction of kinetic models to describe process behavior, provides also rate constants associated with the transitions modeled. The results show that UV irradiation does not produce degradation of the studied sequences but induces the formation of photodimers. The presence of these affect much more the stability of i-motif structures formed by short sequences than that of those formed by longer sequences containing additional structural stabilizing elements, such as hairpins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Benabou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí I Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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181
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Kviatkovski I, Mamane H, Lakretz A, Sherman I, Beno-Moualem D, Minz D. Resistance of a multiple-isolate marine culture to ultraviolet C irradiation: inactivation vs biofilm formation. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 67:278-284. [PMID: 29901218 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is an emerging strategy for controlling the formation of undesired biofilms in water desalination facilities using reverse osmosis (RO). However, most studies examining these pretreatments are limited as they have been conducted on single-species cultures, while biofilms are composed of multiple-species communities. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of UV-C irradiation on a model community composed of six environmental isolates from a marine biofilm formed in RO seawater desalination plant. There was a high variance in the susceptibility of the single-isolate cultures to UV-C, from no response (isolate Eryth23) to complete inactivation (isolate Vib3). The most active wavelength was around 260 nm, resulting in a loss of viability of single-isolate cultures and loss of vitality of the mixed-isolate cultures. With respect to biofilm formation, the activity of this wavelength was completely different compared to its activity on planktonic suspension. Irradiation with 260 nm did not inhibit the total biofilm formation by the six-isolate culture; moreover, isolates such as the resistant Eryth23 or the susceptible Pseudoalt17, even gained abundance in the mixed isolate biofilm. The only decrease in total biofilm was obtained from irradiation at 280 nm, which was less active against the planktonic culture. These results indicate that the complexity of the biofilm-forming microbial community may contribute to its resistance to UV-C irradiation. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study examined the resistance of a multiple-isolate native marine culture to UV-C irradiation, in terms of viability, vitality and the ability to form biofilm. Results of this study showed that even though most of the cells were inactivated both in single-isolate and in multiple-isolate cultures, still the multiple-isolate cultures manages to form biofilms, surprisingly with higher biomass than without irradiation. The significance of the study is in its conclusion that studies on UV-C irradiation of biofilm-forming model micro-organisms are not always applicable to natural multiple-species communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kviatkovski
- Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel.,Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - H Mamane
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering and Water Research Center (TAU-WRC), Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A Lakretz
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering and Water Research Center (TAU-WRC), Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - I Sherman
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering and Water Research Center (TAU-WRC), Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - D Beno-Moualem
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - D Minz
- Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
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182
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Rodrigues NDN, Staniforth M, Young JD, Peperstraete Y, Cole-Filipiak NC, Gord JR, Walsh PS, Hewett DM, Zwier TS, Stavros VG. Towards elucidating the photochemistry of the sunscreen filter ethyl ferulate using time-resolved gas-phase spectroscopy. Faraday Discuss 2018; 194:709-729. [PMID: 27711798 DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00079g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast time-resolved ion yield (TR-IY) and velocity map imaging spectroscopies are employed to reveal the relaxation dynamics after photoexcitation in ethyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamate (ethyl ferulate, EF), an active ingredient in commercially available sunscreens. In keeping with a bottom-up strategy, the building blocks of EF, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (MVP) and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamyl alcohol (coniferyl alcohol, ConA), were also studied to assist in our understanding of the dynamics of EF as we build up in molecular complexity. In contrast to the excited state dynamics of MVP and ConA, which are described by a single time constant (>900 ps), the dynamics of EF are described by three time constants (15 ± 4 ps, 148 ± 47 ps, and >900 ps). A mechanism is proposed involving internal conversion (IC) between the initially excited S1(11ππ*) and S2(11nπ*) states followed by intramolecular vibrational redistribution (IVR) on both states, in competition with intersystem crossing onto neighbouring triplet states (15 ± 4 ps). IVR and IC within the triplet manifold then ensues (148 ± 47 ps) to populate a low-lying triplet state (>900 ps). Importantly, the fluorescence spectrum of EF at the S1 origin, along with the associated lifetime (6.9 ± 0.1 ns), suggests that population is trapped, during initial IVR, on the S1(11ππ*) state. This serves to demonstrate the complex, competing dynamics in this sunscreen filter molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D N Rodrigues
- University of Warwick, Department of Chemistry, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | - M Staniforth
- University of Warwick, Department of Chemistry, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | - J D Young
- University of Warwick, Department of Chemistry, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | - Y Peperstraete
- University of Warwick, Department of Chemistry, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK. and ENS de Cachan, 61 Avenue du Président Wilson, 94230, Cachan, France
| | - N C Cole-Filipiak
- University of Warwick, Department of Chemistry, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | - J R Gord
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA
| | - P S Walsh
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA
| | - D M Hewett
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA
| | - T S Zwier
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA
| | - V G Stavros
- University of Warwick, Department of Chemistry, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
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183
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Zhang HN, Ma HL, Zhou CS, Yan Y, Yin XL, Yan JK. Enhanced production and antioxidant activity of endo-polysaccharides from Phellinus igniarius mutants screened by low power He-Ne laser and ultraviolet induction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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184
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Squillante MR, Jüstel T, Anderson RR, Brecher C, Chartier D, Christian JF, Cicchetti N, Espinoza S, McAdams DR, Müller M, Tornifoglio B, Wang Y, Purschke M. Fabrication and characterization of UV-emitting nanoparticles as novel radiation sensitizers targeting hypoxic tumor cells. OPTICAL MATERIALS 2018; 80:197-202. [PMID: 30692715 PMCID: PMC6347407 DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2018.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is one of the primary therapeutic techniques for treating cancer, administered to nearly two-thirds of all cancer patients. Although largely effective in killing cancer cells, radiation therapy, like other forms of cancer treatment, has difficulty dealing with hypoxic regions within solid tumors. The incomplete killing of cancer cells can lead to recurrence and relapse. The research presented here is investigating the enhancement of the efficacy of radiation therapy by using scintillating nanoparticles that emit UV photons. UV photons, with wavelengths between 230 nm and 280 nm, are able to inactivate cells due to their direct interaction with DNA, causing a variety of forms of damage. UV-emitting nanoparticles will enhance the treatment in two ways: first by generating UV photons in the immediate vicinity of cancer cells, leading to direct and oxygen-independent DNA damage, and second by down-converting the applied higher energy X-rays into softer X-rays and particles that are more efficiently absorbed in the targeted tumor region. The end result will be nanoparticles with a higher efficacy in the treatment of hypoxic cells in the tumor, filling an important, unmet clinical need. Our preliminary experiments show an increase in cell death using scintillating LuPO4:Pr nanoparticles over that achieved by the primary radiation alone. This work describes the fabrication of the nanoparticles, their physical characterization, and the spectroscopic characterization of the UV emission. The work also presents in vitro results that demonstrate an enhanced efficacy of cell killing with x-rays and a low unspecific toxicity of the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Jüstel
- Fachhochschule Münster, Institute of Optical Technologies, Münster, Germany
| | - R. Rox Anderson
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles Brecher
- Radiation Monitoring Devices, Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Chartier
- Radiation Monitoring Devices, Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Sara Espinoza
- Fachhochschule Münster, Institute of Optical Technologies, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Müller
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Yimin Wang
- Radiation Monitoring Devices, Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin Purschke
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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185
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Robinson M, Shah P, Cui YH, He YY. The Role of Dynamic m 6 A RNA Methylation in Photobiology. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 95:95-104. [PMID: 29729018 DOI: 10.1111/php.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A) is the most abundant internal RNA modification among numerous post-transcriptional modifications identified in eukaryotic mRNA. m6 A modification of RNA is catalyzed by the "writer" m6 A methyltransferase enzyme complex, consisting of METTL3, METTL14, WTAP and KIAA1429. The m6 A modification is reversible and can be removed by "eraser" m6 A demethylase enzymes, namely, FTO and ALKBH5. The biological function of m6 A modification on RNA is carried out by RNA-binding effector proteins called "readers." Varied functions of the reader proteins regulate mRNA metabolism by affecting stability, translation, splicing or nuclear export. The epitranscriptomic gene regulation by m6 A RNA methylation regulates various pathways, which contribute to basic cellular processes essential for cell maintenance, development and cell fate, and affect response to external stimuli and stressors. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the regulation and function of m6 A RNA methylation, with a focus on UV-induced DNA damage response and the circadian clock machinery. Insights into the mechanisms of m6 A RNA regulation and post-transcriptional regulatory function in these biological processes may facilitate the development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies for various diseases related to dysregulation of UV damage response and circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myles Robinson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Palak Shah
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Yan-Hong Cui
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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186
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Das R, Soni RK. Rhodium nanocubes and nanotripods for highly sensitive ultraviolet surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Analyst 2018; 143:2310-2322. [PMID: 29687108 DOI: 10.1039/c8an00341f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the shape- and wavelength-dependent ultrasensitive label-free detection of adenine on rhodium cube- and tripod-star-like nanoparticles (Rh NPs) using ultraviolet surface-enhanced Raman scattering (UV-SERS). Rh NPs immobilized on a silane-treated glass substrate probed at near-resonant and non-resonant wavelengths served as the SERS platform for the highly reproducible, stable, and real-time detection of adsorbed adenine molecules in the femtomolar region. The sensitivity of SERS-active Rh NPs displaying LSPR in the UV region was exploited for the 266 nm (DUV), 325 nm (UV) and 532 nm (visible) Raman excitation wavelengths. With the 266 nm and 325 nm DUV-UV excitation lines, for the Rh tripod geometry near or pre-resonant excitation being closer to the analyte absorption band combined with the intrinsic UV-LSPR resonant energy produced a SERS enhancement factor as high as 105 and accelerated photoinduced degradations compared to 532 nm for our substrates. Computational results consistent with the experiment clearly demonstrated that the NP SERS enhancement was sensitive to both the intrinsic optical properties of Rh in the UV region and the excitation closer to the LSPR peak producing larger EM enhancements. The wavelength-dependent correlations between the optical properties of the shape-tailored Rh NPs and SERS enhancements envisage the merit and demerit of DUV-UV excitation over visible excitation for Raman measurements. The as-fabricated SERS substrate could also be efficiently recycled using O2 plasma for the detection of other biomolecules. The use of oxide-free transition metal Rh and DUV-UV excitation thereby extends the improved generality of the SERS technique for ultrasensitive bimolecular detection and for gaining a comprehensive understanding of UV-SERS-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Das
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
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187
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Yin WD, Hoffmann AA, Gu XB, Ma CS. Behavioral thermoregulation in a small herbivore avoids direct UVB damage. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 107:276-283. [PMID: 29247655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Direct damage of increased solar ultraviolet-B (UVB) on organism fitness has attracted attention due to stratospheric ozone depletion. Although most ectotherms are not capable of detecting and avoiding solar UVB, they may avoid direct exposure to solar UVB via thermoregulation behavior. However, it is still not clear whether organisms are harmed by ambient UVB radiation before escaping to shaded microhabitats. In this study we used the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae), to test whether sunlight-avoidance behavior was caused by heat stress rather than UVB, and whether behavioral thermoregulation in shaded microhabitats contributes to avoidance or reduction of direct UVB damage. Our results showed that S. avenae tended to inhabit exposed adaxial leaf surfaces in mid-May in Mongolia, but inhabited shaded leaf surfaces in mid-June, thereby avoiding strong sunlight. Heat exposure rather than solar UVB was the primary reason for such avoidance behavior. The average and extreme temperatures of shaded leaf surfaces were several degrees lower than sunlight-exposed surfaces at midday, suggesting that movement to shaded leaf surfaces represents a form of behavioral thermoregulation. Such responses occurred before UVB radiation reached harmful levels, and contributed to avoiding direct UVB damage. As future climate warming is expected to lead to harmful UVB radiation as well as increasing temperatures, this may represent a case where responses to one stressor inadvertently protect against the harmful effects of a different stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Dong Yin
- Climate Change Biology Research Group, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, CN-100193 Beijing, PR China
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, the University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia
| | - Xin-Bo Gu
- Meteorological Service Center, Inner Mongolia Regional Meteorological Bureau, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Chun-Sen Ma
- Climate Change Biology Research Group, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, CN-100193 Beijing, PR China.
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188
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Zhang S, Duan E. Fighting against Skin Aging: The Way from Bench to Bedside. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:729-738. [PMID: 29692196 PMCID: PMC6047276 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717725755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most voluminous organ of the body that is exposed to the outer environment, the skin suffers from both intrinsic and extrinsic aging factors. Skin aging is characterized by features such as wrinkling, loss of elasticity, laxity, and rough-textured appearance. This aging process is accompanied with phenotypic changes in cutaneous cells as well as structural and functional changes in extracellular matrix components such as collagens and elastin. In this review, we summarize these changes in skin aging, research advances of the molecular mechanisms leading to these changes, and the treatment strategies aimed at preventing or reversing skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoubing Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Central laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Enkui Duan
- State Key Lab of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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189
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Khoe CV, Chung LH, Murray V. The sequence specificity of UV-induced DNA damage in a systematically altered DNA sequence. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 183:88-100. [PMID: 29698913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The sequence specificity of UV-induced DNA damage was investigated in a specifically designed DNA plasmid using two procedures: end-labelling and linear amplification. Absorption of UV photons by DNA leads to dimerisation of pyrimidine bases and produces two major photoproducts, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine(6-4)pyrimidone photoproducts (6-4PPs). A previous study had determined that two hexanucleotide sequences, 5'-GCTC*AC and 5'-TATT*AA, were high intensity UV-induced DNA damage sites. The UV clone plasmid was constructed by systematically altering each nucleotide of these two hexanucleotide sequences. One of the main goals of this study was to determine the influence of single nucleotide alterations on the intensity of UV-induced DNA damage. The sequence 5'-GCTC*AC was designed to examine the sequence specificity of 6-4PPs and the highest intensity 6-4PP damage sites were found at 5'-GTTC*CC nucleotides. The sequence 5'-TATT*AA was devised to investigate the sequence specificity of CPDs and the highest intensity CPD damage sites were found at 5'-TTTT*CG nucleotides. It was proposed that the tetranucleotide DNA sequence, 5'-YTC*Y (where Y is T or C), was the consensus sequence for the highest intensity UV-induced 6-4PP adduct sites; while it was 5'-YTT*C for the highest intensity UV-induced CPD damage sites. These consensus tetranucleotides are composed entirely of consecutive pyrimidines and must have a DNA conformation that is highly productive for the absorption of UV photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clairine V Khoe
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Long H Chung
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Vincent Murray
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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190
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Mächler E, Osathanunkul M, Altermatt F. Shedding light on eDNA: neither natural levels of UV radiation nor the presence of a filter feeder affect eDNA-based detection of aquatic organisms. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195529. [PMID: 29624607 PMCID: PMC5889167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of environmental DNA (eDNA) as a species detection tool is attracting attention from both scientific and applied fields, especially for detecting invasive or rare species. In order to use eDNA as an efficient and reliable tool, however, we need to understand its origin and state as well as factors affecting its degradation. Various biotic and abiotic environmental factors have been proposed to affect degradation of eDNA in aquatic environments and thus to influence detection rates of species. Here, we were interested in two of them, namely UV light, which can break down DNA, and the presence of filter feeders, which can remove DNA and DNA-bound particles. A few, mostly laboratory-based studies have found minor effects of UVB on the degradation of eDNA. Ultraviolet A radiation (UVA), however, has been neglected although it also causes DNA lesions and is 10- to 100-fold more prevalent than UVB when reaching the earth’s surface. Filter feeders are common in aquatic ecosystem, but their effects on eDNA has hitherto been ignored. We conducted a full-factorial aquatic mesocosm experiment under near-natural outdoor conditions manipulating UV radiation as well as the presence of Dreissena polymorpha, a strong filter feeder capable of filtering cells or organelles containing DNA. Surprisingly, we found that neither UV radiation nor the presence of the filter feeder affected eDNA-based detection rates of macroinvertebrates, even though the experiment took place in summer when UV radiation intensity and filtration activity is high for the chosen experimental site and conditions. These results, in combination with studies from marine or laboratory settings finding no effect of sunlight and its UV components on the detectability of eDNA, suggest that eDNA based species assessments could be relatively robust with respect to our two factors studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Mächler
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maslin Osathanunkul
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Tumbol Suthep Amphur Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Tumbol Suthep Amphur Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Florian Altermatt
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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191
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Cai JY, Wang YY, Ma K, Hou YN, Yao GD, Hayashi T, Itoh K, Tashiro SI, Onodera S, Ikejima T. Salicylate induces reactive oxygen species and reduces ultraviolet C susceptibility in Staphylococcus aureus. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 365:4931717. [PMID: 29546276 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates that growth of Staphylococcus aureus in the presence of salicylate reduces ultraviolet C (UVC)-induced cell death and increases the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, compounds that scavenge ROS (N-acetylcysteine, glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase) reverse the increased UVC survival induced by growth in the presence of salicylate, while ROS donors (tert-butylhydroperoxide, H2O2 and NaClO) enhance survival of salicylate challenged cultures. Collectively, these findings suggest that ROS production induced by growth in the presence of salicylate protects S. aureus from UVC-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Cai
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.,Department of Drug Discover and Development, Shanghai FrontHealth Pharmaceutical Technology Company, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kai Ma
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yong-Na Hou
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Guo-Dong Yao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Toshihiko Hayashi
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Kikuji Itoh
- Biochemical Center, Japan SLC, Inc., Shizuoka 431-1103, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Tashiro
- Department of Medical Education & Primary Care, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Satoshi Onodera
- Department of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Takashi Ikejima
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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192
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King SRB, Schoenecker KA, Fike JA, Oyler‐McCance SJ. Long-term persistence of horse fecal DNA in the environment makes equids particularly good candidates for noninvasive sampling. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:4053-4064. [PMID: 29721279 PMCID: PMC5916305 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Fecal DNA collected noninvasively can provide valuable information about genetic and ecological characteristics. This approach has rarely been used for equids, despite the need for conservation of endangered species and management of abundant feral populations. We examined factors affecting the efficacy of using equid fecal samples for conservation genetics. First, we evaluated two fecal collection methods (paper bag vs. ethanol). Then, we investigated how time since deposition and month of collection impacted microsatellite amplification success and genotyping errors. Between May and November 2014, we collected feral horse fecal samples of known age each month in a feral horse Herd Management Area in western Colorado and documented deterioration in the field with photographs. Samples collected and dried in paper bags had significantly higher amplification rates than those collected and stored in ethanol. There was little difference in the number of loci that amplified per sample between fresh fecal piles and those that had been exposed to the environment for up to 2 months (in samples collected in paper bags). After 2 months of exposure, amplification success declined. When comparing fresh (0–2 months) and old (3–6 months) fecal piles, samples from fresh piles had more matching genotypes across samples, better amplification success and less allelic dropout. Samples defecated during the summer and collected within 2 months of deposition had highest number of genotypes matching among samples, and lowest rates of amplification failure and allelic dropout. Due to the digestive system and amount of fecal material produced by equids, as well as their occurrence in arid ecosystems, we suggest that they are particularly good candidates for noninvasive sampling using fecal DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. B. King
- Natural Resource Ecology LaboratoryDepartment of Ecosystem Science and SustainabilityColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | | | - Jennifer A. Fike
- United States Geological SurveyFort Collins Science CenterFort CollinsCOUSA
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193
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Study of the Influence of NanOx Parameters. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10040087. [PMID: 29561819 PMCID: PMC5923342 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
NanOx is a new biophysical model that aims at predicting the biological effect of ions in the context of hadron therapy. It integrates the fully-stochastic nature of ionizing radiation both at micrometric and nanometric scales and also takes into account the production and diffusion of reactive chemical species. In order to further characterize the new framework, we discuss the meaning and relevance of most of the NanOx parameters by evaluating their influence on the linear-quadratic coefficient α and on the dose deposited to achieve 10% or 1% of cell survival, D10% or D1%, as a function of LET. We perform a theoretical study in which variations in the input parameters are propagated into the model predictions for HSG, V79 and CHO-K1 cells irradiated by monoenergetic protons and carbon ions. We conclude that, in the current version of NanOx, the modeling of a specific cell line relies on five parameters, which have to be adjusted to several experimental measurements: the average cellular nuclear radius, the linear-quadratic coefficients describing photon irradiations and the α values associated with two carbon ions of intermediate and high-LET values. This may have interesting implications toward a clinical application of the new biophysical model.
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194
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Xue J, Feng Y. Determination of adsorption and desorption of DNA molecules on freshwater and marine sediments. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 124:1480-1492. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Xue
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences; Auburn University; Auburn AL USA
| | - Y. Feng
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences; Auburn University; Auburn AL USA
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195
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Salter I. Seasonal variability in the persistence of dissolved environmental DNA (eDNA) in a marine system: The role of microbial nutrient limitation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192409. [PMID: 29474423 PMCID: PMC5825020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental DNA (eDNA) can be defined as the DNA pool recovered from an environmental sample that includes both extracellular and intracellular DNA. There has been a significant increase in the number of recent studies that have demonstrated the possibility to detect macroorganisms using eDNA. Despite the enormous potential of eDNA to serve as a biomonitoring and conservation tool in aquatic systems, there remain some important limitations concerning its application. One significant factor is the variable persistence of eDNA over natural environmental gradients, which imposes a critical constraint on the temporal and spatial scales of species detection. In the present study, a radiotracer bioassay approach was used to quantify the kinetic parameters of dissolved eDNA (d-eDNA), a component of extracellular DNA, over an annual cycle in the coastal Northwest Mediterranean. Significant seasonal variability in the biological uptake and turnover of d-eDNA was observed, the latter ranging from several hours to over one month. Maximum uptake rates of d-eDNA occurred in summer during a period of intense phosphate limitation (turnover <5 hrs). Corresponding increases in bacterial production and uptake of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) demonstrated the microbial utilization of d-eDNA as an organic phosphorus substrate. Higher temperatures during summer may amplify this effect through a general enhancement of microbial metabolism. A partial least squares regression (PLSR) model was able to reproduce the seasonal cycle in d-eDNA persistence and explained 60% of the variance in the observations. Rapid phosphate turnover and low concentrations of bioavailable phosphate, both indicative of phosphate limitation, were the most important parameters in the model. Abiotic factors such as pH, salinity and oxygen exerted minimal influence. The present study demonstrates significant seasonal variability in the persistence of d-eDNA in a natural marine environment that can be linked to the metabolic response of microbial communities to nutrient limitation. Future studies should consider the effect of natural environmental gradients on the seasonal persistence of eDNA, which will be of particular relevance for time-series biomonitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Salter
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC) Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls/mer, France
- Faroe Marine Research Institute, Torshavn, Faroe Islands
- * E-mail:
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196
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Ferencziová V, Harami GM, Németh JB, Vellai T, Kovács M. Functional fine-tuning between bacterial DNA recombination initiation and quality control systems. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192483. [PMID: 29470542 PMCID: PMC5823372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) is crucial for the error-free repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and the restart of stalled replication. However, imprecise HR can lead to genome instability, highlighting the importance of HR quality control. After DSB formation, HR proceeds via DNA end resection and recombinase loading, whereas helicase-catalyzed disruption of a subset of subsequently formed DNA invasions is thought to be essential for maintaining HR accuracy via inhibiting illegitimate (non-allelic) recombination. Here we show that in vitro characterized mechanistic aberrations of E. coli RecBCD (resection and recombinase loading) RecQ (multifunctional DNA-restructuring helicase) mutant enzyme variants, on one hand, cumulatively deteriorate cell survival under certain conditions of genomic stress. On the other hand, we find that RecBCD and RecQ defects functionally compensate each other in terms of HR accuracy. The abnormally long resection and unproductive recombinase loading activities of a mutant RecBCD complex (harboring the D1080A substitution in RecB) cause enhanced illegitimate recombination. However, this compromised HR-accuracy phenotype is suppressed in double mutant strains harboring mutant RecQ variants with abnormally enhanced helicase and inefficient invasion disruptase activities. These results frame an in vivo context for the interplay of biochemical activities leading to illegitimate recombination, and underscore its long-range genome instability effects manifest in higher eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Ferencziová
- Department of Biochemistry, ELTE-MTA “Momentum” Motor Enzymology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. s. 1/c, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor M. Harami
- Department of Biochemistry, ELTE-MTA “Momentum” Motor Enzymology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. s. 1/c, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Julianna B. Németh
- Department of Biochemistry, ELTE-MTA “Momentum” Motor Enzymology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. s. 1/c, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Vellai
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. s. 1/c, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihály Kovács
- Department of Biochemistry, ELTE-MTA “Momentum” Motor Enzymology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. s. 1/c, Budapest, Hungary
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197
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Light scattering on PHA granules protects bacterial cells against the harmful effects of UV radiation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:1923-1931. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8760-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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198
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Buxton AS, Groombridge JJ, Griffiths RA. Seasonal variation in environmental DNA detection in sediment and water samples. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191737. [PMID: 29352294 PMCID: PMC5774844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of aquatic environmental DNA (eDNA) to detect the presence of species depends on the seasonal activity of the species in the sampled habitat. eDNA may persist in sediments for longer than it does in water, and analysing sediment could potentially extend the seasonal window for species assessment. Using the great crested newt as a model, we compare how detection probability changes across the seasons in eDNA samples collected from both pond water and pond sediments. Detection of both aquatic and sedimentary eDNA varied through the year, peaking in the summer (July), with its lowest point in the winter (January): in all seasons, detection probability of eDNA from water exceeded that from sediment. Detection probability of eDNA also varied between study areas, and according to great crested newt habitat suitability and sediment type. As aquatic and sedimentary eDNA show the same seasonal fluctuations, the patterns observed in both sample types likely reflect current or recent presence of the target species. However, given the low detection probabilities found in the autumn and winter we would not recommend using either aquatic or sedimentary eDNA for year-round sampling without further refinement and testing of the methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. Buxton
- Durrell Institute for Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Marlowe Building, Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Jim J. Groombridge
- Durrell Institute for Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Marlowe Building, Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A. Griffiths
- Durrell Institute for Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Marlowe Building, Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom
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199
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Feng J, Liao Y, Xu X, Yi Q, He L, Tang L. hnRNP A1 promotes keratinocyte cell survival post UVB radiation through PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Exp Cell Res 2018; 362:394-399. [PMID: 29229447 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
hnRNP A1 acts as a critical splicing factor in regulating many alternative splicing events in various physiological and pathophysiological progressions. hnRNP A1 is capable of regulating UVB-induced hdm2 gene alternative splicing according to our previous study. However, the biological function and underlying molecular mechanism of hnRNP A1 in cell survival and cell cycle in response to UVB irradiation are still unclear. In this study, silencing hnRNP A1 expression by siRNA transfection led to decreased cell survival after UVB treatment, while promoting hnRNP A1 by lentiviruse vector resulted in increased cell survival. hnRNP A1 remarkably enhanced PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway by increasing phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR and P70S6 protein. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling by LY294002 suppressed the expression of hnRNP A1. While mTOR signaling inhibitors, rapamycin and AZD8055, did not influence hnRNP A1 expression in HaCaT cells, suggesting that hnRNP A1 may be an upstream mediator of mTOR signaling. Furthermore, hnRNP A1 could alleviate UVB-provoked cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and promoted cell cycle progression at G2/M phase. Our results indicate that hnRNP A1 promotes cell survival and cell cycle progression following UVB radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yi Liao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xichao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Yi
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; Department of Physiology, College of preclinical medicine,Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ling He
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
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200
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Ma M, Jia H, Cui X, Zhai N, Wang H, Guo X, Xu B. Isolation of carboxylesterase (esterase FE4) from Apis cerana cerana and its role in oxidative resistance during adverse environmental stress. Biochimie 2018; 144:85-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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