151
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A Study of the Differential Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) on Gene Expression Profiles of Stimulated Thp-1 Macrophages. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9050424. [PMID: 28441337 PMCID: PMC5452154 DOI: 10.3390/nu9050424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: An appropriate intake of omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids (FAs) such as eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid (EPA/DHA) from marine sources is known to have anti-inflammatory effects. However, molecular mechanisms underlying their beneficial effects on health are not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to characterize gene expression profiles of THP-1 macrophages, incubated in either EPA or DHA and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a pro-inflammatory agent. Methods: THP-1 macrophages were incubated into 10, 50 and 75 µM of EPA or DHA for 24 h, and 100 nM of LPS was added to the culture media for 18 h. Total mRNA was extracted and gene expression examined by microarray analysis using Illumina Human HT-12 expression beadchips (Illumina). Results: Pathway analysis revealed that EPA and DHA regulate genes involved in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, immune response and inflammation, oxidative stress and cancer pathways in a differential and dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: EPA and DHA appear to exert differential effects on gene expression in THP-1 macrophages. Specific effects of n-3 FAs on gene expression levels are also dose-dependent.
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152
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Boeing JS, Ribeiro D, Chisté RC, Visentainer JV, Costa VM, Freitas M, Fernandes E. Chemical characterization and protective effect of the Bactris setosa Mart. fruit against oxidative/nitrosative stress. Food Chem 2017; 220:427-437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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153
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Suchdev PS, Boivin MJ, Forsyth BW, Georgieff MK, Guerrant RL, Nelson CA. Assessment of Neurodevelopment, Nutrition, and Inflammation From Fetal Life to Adolescence in Low-Resource Settings. Pediatrics 2017; 139:S23-S37. [PMID: 28562246 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-2828e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to improve child neurodevelopment are critical to health, equity, and sustainable development, particularly in low-resource settings in the United States and globally. The colliding epidemics of food insecurity, infectious diseases, and noncommunicable diseases interact and impact neurodevelopment. Understanding the complex relationships between nutrition, inflammation, and neurodevelopment can inform clinical and public health interventions to improve outcomes. This article reviews key definitions, tools, and considerations for the assessment of nutrition, inflammation, and child neurodevelopment. The effectiveness of existing assessment tools to reflect status and biology, particularly in relation to each other, and to predict long-term changes in health is examined. The aim of this review is to present the extant evidence, identify critical research gaps, and suggest a research agenda for future longitudinal and intervention studies to address the assessment of nutrition, inflammation, and child neurodevelopment, particularly in low-resource settings. Despite research gaps, there is a strong relationship between nutrition, inflammation, environmental factors, and child neurodevelopment, which emphasizes the need to evaluate targeted, early interventions to improve long-term health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parminder S Suchdev
- Departments of Pediatrics and .,Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michael J Boivin
- Departments of Psychiatry and.,Neurology and Ophthalmology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Brian W Forsyth
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michael K Georgieff
- Departments of Pediatrics and.,Child Psychology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Richard L Guerrant
- Center for Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Charles A Nelson
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts; and.,Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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154
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Kutlesic V, Brewinski Isaacs M, Freund LS, Hazra R, Raiten DJ. Executive Summary: Research Gaps at the Intersection of Pediatric Neurodevelopment, Nutrition, and Inflammation in Low-Resource Settings. Pediatrics 2017; 139:S1-S11. [PMID: 28562244 PMCID: PMC9924035 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-2828c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Kutlesic
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Lisa S Freund
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rohan Hazra
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daniel J Raiten
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
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155
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Sardecka I, Krogulska A, Toporowska-Kowalska E. The influence of dietary immunomodulatory factors on development of food allergy in children. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2017; 34:89-96. [PMID: 28507485 PMCID: PMC5420598 DOI: 10.5114/pdia.2016.63955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few years many studies have been conducted on the role of dietary and environmental factors in the prevention of allergic diseases among children. Many studies have shown that the diet of pregnant women and children in their early postnatal life, rich in antioxidants, vitamin D, and fatty acids is beneficial as it reduces the risk of allergy in their future life. Moreover, there are many reports about the main role of gut microbiota and probiotics in the allergy prevention, what can indicate new ways of procedures in allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Sardecka
- Department of Paediatric Allergology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 3 Chair of Paediatrics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aneta Krogulska
- Department of Paediatry, Allergology and Gastroenterology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Ewa Toporowska-Kowalska
- Department of Paediatric Allergology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 3 Chair of Paediatrics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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156
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Long-term associations between inflammatory dietary scores in relation to long-term C-reactive protein status measured 12 years later: findings from the Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux Antioxydants (SU.VI.MAX) cohort. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:306-314. [PMID: 28166841 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation has been recognised as a key underlying mechanism for several chronic diseases, including cancer and CVD. Nutrition represents a host of key modifiable factors that influence chronic inflammation. Dietary inflammatory scores were developed to assess the inflammatory potential of the diet and have been associated with inflammatory biomarkers in cross-sectional and short-term longitudinal studies. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the dietary inflammatory index (DII), the alternate dietary inflammatory index (ADII) and long-term C-reactive protein (CRP). We also tested age as an effect modifier of this relationship. Participants were selected in the Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux Antioxydants study, which included subjects aged 45-60 years old for men and 35-60 years old for women in 1994. Participants with ≥3 24-h dietary records at baseline and a CRP measurement at the 12-year follow-up evaluation were included in the present study (n 1980). The relationships between the DII and ADII and elevated CRP (>3 mg/l) were investigated using logistic multivariable regression. All analyses were stratified by age (cut-off at median age=50 years old). The overall associations between DII and ADII and long-term CRP were not statistically significant (P trend across tertiles=0·16 for DII and 0·10 for ADII). A quantitative interaction was found between ADII score and age (P=0·16 for ADII, 0·36 for DII). In stratified analyses the ADII was significantly prospectively associated with CRP only in younger participants: OR tertile 3 v. tertile 1: 1·79 (95 % CI 1·04, 3·07). Pro-inflammatory diets may have long-term effect on CRP only in younger subjects.
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157
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Inflammatory Properties of Diet and Glucose-Insulin Homeostasis in a Cohort of Iranian Adults. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8110735. [PMID: 27869717 PMCID: PMC5133119 DOI: 10.3390/nu8110735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate associations of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) with glucose-insulin homeostasis markers, and the risk of glucose intolerance. This cross-sectional study included 2975 adults from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h post-load glucose (2h-PG), and fasting serum insulin were measured. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA-B), and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were calculated. Glucose tolerance abnormalities included impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). DII scores were positively associated with 2h-PG (β = 0.04; p = 0.05). There was no significant linear trend across quartiles of DII for adjusted means of glucose-insulin homeostasis markers. Participants in the highest quartile of DII score tended to have higher FPG compared to those in the second quartile of DII score (5.46 vs. 5.38 mmol/L, p = 0.07) and higher fasting insulin and HOMA-IR compared to those in the lowest quartile (8.52 vs. 8.12 µU/mL for fasting insulin, p = 0.07; 2.06 vs. 1.96 for HOMA-IR, p = 0.08). No significant associations were observed between DII and risk of IFG, IGT, T2DM, and insulin resistance. Among glucose-insulin homeostasis markers, DII had a positive weak association only with 2h-PG.
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158
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Lagha AB, Grenier D. Tea polyphenols inhibit the activation of NF-κB and the secretion of cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases by macrophages stimulated with Fusobacterium nucleatum. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34520. [PMID: 27694921 PMCID: PMC5046134 DOI: 10.1038/srep34520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum has been associated with both periodontal disease and inflammatory bowel disease. This Gram-negative bacterium possesses a high inflammatory potential that may contribute to the disease process. We hypothesized that green and black tea polyphenols attenuate the inflammatory response of monocytes/macrophages mediated by F. nucleatum. We first showed that the tea extracts, EGCG and theaflavins reduce the NF-κB activation induced by F. nucleatum in monocytes. Since NF-κB is a key regulator of genes coding for inflammatory mediators, we tested the effects of tea polyphenols on secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and CXCL8 by macrophages. A pre-treatment of macrophages with the tea extracts, EGCG, or theaflavins prior to a stimulation with F. nucleatum significantly inhibited the secretion of all four cytokines and reduced the secretion of MMP-3 and MMP-9, two tissue destructive enzymes. TREM-1 expressed by macrophages is a cell-surface receptor involved in the propagation of the inflammatory response to bacterial challenges. Interestingly, tea polyphenols inhibited the secretion/shedding of soluble TREM-1 induced by a stimulation of macrophages with F. nucleatum. The anti-inflammatory properties of tea polyphenols identified in the present study suggested that they may be promising agents for the prevention and/or treatment of periodontal disease and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Ben Lagha
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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159
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Egger G. Defining a Structure and Methodology for the Practice of Lifestyle Medicine. Am J Lifestyle Med 2016; 12:396-403. [PMID: 30245605 DOI: 10.1177/1559827616669327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle medicine (LM) is a relatively new branch of clinical practice (like travel medicine, sports medicine, etc), but to date with little accepted structure or methodology. The current review extends a previous attempt to define the determinants of chronic disease by expanding this to include (1) the knowledge base (the science) or epidemiology of chronic disease, (2) the skills (the art) or practice of LM, (3) the tools (the materials) that can add to LM diagnoses and prescription, and (4) the procedures (the actions) that help update conventional medicine to include practices required for a new era of lifestyle and environmentally related chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry Egger
- Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Health Promotion and Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Australasian Society of Lifestyle Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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160
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Hagin S, Lobato DJ, Sands BE, Korzenik JR, Merrick M, Shah SA, Bancroft B, Bright R, Law M, Moniz H, Shapiro J, LeLeiko NS. Dietary behaviors in newly diagnosed youth with inflammatory bowel disease. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2016.1227935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hagin
- The Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Hasbro Children’s Hospital/The Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Debra J. Lobato
- The Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Hasbro Children’s Hospital/The Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Bruce E. Sands
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Joshua R. Korzenik
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Samir A. Shah
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Barbara Bancroft
- The Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, The Department of Pediatrics, Hasbro Children’s Hospital/The Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Renee Bright
- The Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, The Department of Pediatrics, Hasbro Children’s Hospital/The Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Meaghan Law
- The Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, The Department of Pediatrics, Hasbro Children’s Hospital/The Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Heather Moniz
- The Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, The Department of Pediatrics, Hasbro Children’s Hospital/The Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Jason Shapiro
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
- The Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, The Department of Pediatrics, Hasbro Children’s Hospital/The Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Neal S. LeLeiko
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
- The Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, The Department of Pediatrics, Hasbro Children’s Hospital/The Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
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161
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Adesso S, Pepe G, Sommella E, Manfra M, Scopa A, Sofo A, Tenore GC, Russo M, Di Gaudio F, Autore G, Campiglia P, Marzocco S. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of polyphenolic extracts from Lactuca sativa (var. Maravilla de Verano) under different farming methods. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:4194-206. [PMID: 26777118 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides their nutritional value, vegetables are a source of health-promoting compounds, such as polyphenols, and their content can be influenced by the particular farming method. In this study polyphenolic extracts from Lactuca sativa (var. Maravilla de verano) plants cultivated with different farming methods were chemically characterised and tested in vitro and ex vivo inflammation models. RESULTS The tested extacts (250-2.5 µg mL(-1) ) were able to reduce both the inflammatory and oxidative stress in LPS-stimulated J774A.1 murine monocyte macrophage cells, by lowering the release of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promoting nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2; (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). In this regard, quantitative profiles revealed different amounts of polyphenols, in particular quercetin levels were higher in plants under mineral fertilised treatment. Those extract showed an enhanced anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. CONCLUSION Our data showed the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of Maravilla de Verano polyphenolic extracts. The effect of farming methods on polyphenolic levels was highlighted. The higher reduction of inflammatory mediators release in extracts from plants cultivated under mineral fertilisation treatment was correlated to the higher amount of quercetin. These results can be useful for both nutraceutical or agronomic purposes. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Adesso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pepe
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- Department of Agriculture, University of Reggio Calabria, Via Melissari 1, I-89122, Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Eduardo Sommella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- Department of Agriculture, University of Reggio Calabria, Via Melissari 1, I-89122, Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Michele Manfra
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Antonio Scopa
- School of Agricultural, Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Adriano Sofo
- School of Agricultural, Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicology Chemistry, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Russo
- Department of Agriculture, University of Reggio Calabria, Via Melissari 1, I-89122, Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Gaudio
- Department DiBiMeF, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, I-90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Autore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Stefania Marzocco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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162
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Lin N, Shi JJ, Li YM, Zhang XY, Chen Y, Calder PC, Tang LJ. What is the impact of n-3 PUFAs on inflammation markers in Type 2 diabetic mellitus populations?: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:133. [PMID: 27544079 PMCID: PMC4992564 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0303-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To explore the possible role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in lowering inflammation markers in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods PubMed, CNKI and Cochrane databases were searched until December 30, 2015; references from papers or reviews were also retrieved and screened. Screening was performed by two independent researchers, and randomized controlled trials reporting the specific n-3 PUFA type, dose, frequency, and duration of treatment, as well as the baseline and follow-up concentrations of inflammation markers, including interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP), were selected for final analysis. Data analysis was performed using RevMan 5.2 software. Results Eight studies involving 955 participants were included; all reported CRP. Only one included study reported IL-2 or IL-6 while two studies reported TNF-α. N-3 PUFAs significantly reduced CRP concentration compared with control [SMD 95 % CI, 1.90 (0.64, 3.16), Z = 2.96, P = 0.003, random effect model]. Conclusions N-3 PUFAs decrease CRP concentration in type-2 diabetes mellitus. However, larger and rigorously designed RCTs are required to confirm this finding and extend it into other inflammatory biomarkers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-016-0303-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Lin
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China.
| | - Jiao-Jiao Shi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Yun-Ming Li
- Department of Informatics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Xin-Yan Zhang
- Department of Informatics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Philip C Calder
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Li-Jun Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China
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163
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Abstract
Nutrition is one method to counter the negative impact of an exercise-induced injury. Deficiencies of energy, protein and other nutrients should be avoided. Claims for the effectiveness of many other nutrients following injuries are rampant, but the evidence is equivocal. The results of an exercise-induced injury may vary widely depending on the nature of the injury and severity. Injuries typically result in cessation, or at least a reduction, in participation in sport and decreased physical activity. Limb immobility may be necessary with some injuries, contributing to reduced activity and training. Following an injury, an inflammatory response is initiated and while excess inflammation may be harmful, given the importance of the inflammatory process for wound healing, attempting to drastically reduce inflammation may not be ideal for optimal recovery. Injuries severe enough for immobilization of a limb result in loss of muscle mass and reduced muscle strength and function. Loss of muscle results from reductions in basal muscle protein synthesis and the resistance of muscle to anabolic stimulation. Energy balance is critical. Higher protein intakes (2-2.5 g/kg/day) seem to be warranted during immobilization. At the very least, care should be taken not to reduce the absolute amount of protein intake when energy intake is reduced. There is promising, albeit preliminary, evidence for the use of omega-3 fatty acids and creatine to counter muscle loss and enhance hypertrophy, respectively. The overriding nutritional recommendation for injured exercisers should be to consume a well-balanced diet based on whole, minimally processed foods or ingredients made from whole foods. The diet composition should be carefully assessed and changes considered as the injury heals and activity patterns change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Tipton
- Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, University of Stirling, Cottrell Building, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.
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164
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Afrin S, Gasparrini M, Forbes-Hernandez TY, Reboredo-Rodriguez P, Mezzetti B, Varela-López A, Giampieri F, Battino M. Promising Health Benefits of the Strawberry: A Focus on Clinical Studies. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:4435-49. [PMID: 27172913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The potential health benefits associated with dietary intake of fruits have attracted increasing interest. Among berries, the strawberry is a rich source of several nutritive and non-nutritive bioactive compounds, which are implicated in various health-promoting and disease preventive effects. A plethora of studies have examined the benefits of strawberry consumption, such as prevention of inflammation disorders and oxidative stress, reduction of obesity related disorders and heart disease risk, and protection against various types of cancer. This review provides an overview of their nutritional and non-nutritional bioactive compounds and which factors affect their content in strawberries. In addition, the bioavailability and metabolism of major strawberry phytochemicals as well as their actions in combating many pathologies, including cancer, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, neurodegeneration, along with microbial pathogenesis have been reviewed, with a particular attention to human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Afrin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche , 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Gasparrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche , 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Tamara Y Forbes-Hernandez
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche , 60131, Ancona, Italy
- Area de Nutrición y Salud, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana (UNINI) , Campeche, C.P. 24040, Mexico
| | - Patricia Reboredo-Rodriguez
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche , 60131, Ancona, Italy
- Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo , E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Bruno Mezzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Via Ranieri 65, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Alfonso Varela-López
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ''José Mataix", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada , 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche , 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche , 60131, Ancona, Italy
- Centre for Nutrition & Health, Universidad Europea del Atlantico (UEA) , Santander 39011, Spain
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Ford PA, Jaceldo-Siegl K, Lee JW, Tonstad S. Trans fatty acid intake is related to emotional affect in the Adventist Health Study-2. Nutr Res 2016; 36:509-17. [PMID: 27188896 PMCID: PMC6069969 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Trans fatty acids in Western diets increase health risks, and have been associated with the risk of depression. We hypothesized that intakes of trans fatty acids (primarily from margarines and baked goods) were inversely associated with positive affect and positively associated with negative affect in a longitudinal study. Church attendees residing in North America completed a food frequency questionnaire in 2002-6 as part of the Adventist Health Study-2. A subset in which we excluded participants with established cardiovascular disease (n=8,771) completed the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) in 2006-7. The associations between dietary intakes of fatty acids to positive and negative affect were tested with linear regression analysis controlling for age, gender, ethnicity, education, body mass index, exercise, sleep, sleep squared, Mediterranean diet, total energy intake and alcohol. Intakes of trans fatty acids were inversely associated with positive affect (β=-0.06, B=-0.27 [95% CI -0.37, -0.17], p<.001) and positively associated with negative affect (β=0.05, B=0.21 [95% CI 0.11, 0.31], p<.001). In comparison, we found no association between n-3 polyunsatured fatty acids (PUFA) intakes with affect. The n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio was inversely associated with positive affect (β=-0.03, B=-0.34 [95% CI -0.58, -0.10], p=0.006). The findings suggest that a lower dietary trans fatty acid intake has beneficial effects on emotional affect while the n-6: n-3 ratio is detrimental to positive affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Ford
- Loma Linda University School of Public Health, Department of Health Education, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Karen Jaceldo-Siegl
- Loma Linda University School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Jerry W Lee
- Loma Linda University School of Public Health, Department of Health Education, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Serena Tonstad
- Loma Linda University School of Public Health, Department of Health Education, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; Oslo University Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Pb 4956 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
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166
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Allam-Ndoul B, Guénard F, Barbier O, Vohl MC. Effect of n-3 fatty acids on the expression of inflammatory genes in THP-1 macrophages. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:69. [PMID: 27044314 PMCID: PMC4820929 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0241-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Uncontrolled inflammation participates in the development of inflammatory diseases. Beneficial effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids belonging to the n-3 family such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on inflammation have been reported. The present study investigates the basal effects of EPA, DHA and a mixture EPA + DHA on the expression of 10 genes (AKT1, MAPK, NFKB, TNFA, IL1Β, MCP1, ALOX5, PTGS2, MGST1and NOS2) related to inflammation in unstimulated cultured THP1 macrophages. Cells were incubated for 24 h with n-3 PUFAs (50 μM and 10 μM EPA, DHA, EPA + DHA). Expression levels of inflammatory genes were analyzed by real-time PCR. Results 50 μM, 10 μM EPA and 50 μM EPA + DHA decreased the expression of genes involved in the NF-κB pathway (MAPK, AKT1, and NFKB). Treatment with 50 μM, 10 μM EPA, 50 μM DHA and EPA + DHA decreased expression levels of cytokines genes IL1Β and MCP1. TNFA expression was decreased by 50 μM, 10 μM of EPA, DHA and with 50 μM EPA + DHA. Two genes involved in the fatty acid metabolism (PTGS2 and ALOX5) were also modulated by the n-3 FAs. 50 μM of DHA and EPA + DHA inhibited PTGS2 expression when the two concentrations of EPA, 50 μM DHA and EPA + DHA inhibited ALOX5 expression. Finally, the effects of n-3 FAs were studied among genes involved in the oxidative stress. 50 μM of each fatty acid increased MGST1 expression. Both concentration of EPA and 50 μM DHA decreased NOS2 expression. Conclusion EPA seems to be more effective than DHA and EPA + DHA in modulating expression levels of selected inflammatory genes. The concentration of 50 μM was globally more effective than 10 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Allam-Ndoul
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Pavillon des Services, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Frédéric Guénard
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Pavillon des Services, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Olivier Barbier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, CHU de Quebec Research Center, 2705, boulevard Laurier R-4720, Québec, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Pavillon des Services, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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167
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Neufcourt L, Assmann KE, Fezeu LK, Touvier M, Graffouillère L, Shivappa N, Hébert JR, Wirth MD, Hercberg S, Galan P, Julia C, Kesse-Guyot E. Prospective Association Between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and Cardiovascular Diseases in the SUpplémentation en VItamines et Minéraux AntioXydants (SU.VI.MAX) Cohort. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e002735. [PMID: 27068628 PMCID: PMC4943250 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death in the world, and diet plays a major role in CVD incidence, especially through lipid oxidation mechanisms. This, in turn, leads to tissue inflammation and formation of atheromatous plaques. METHODS AND RESULTS Our objective was to evaluate the association between the inflammatory potential of the diet and the incidence of overall CVD or its subclasses. We included 7743 participants from the Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux AntioXydants (SU.VI.MAX) cohort. All cardiovascular events were recorded using self-reported information or clinical visits, and were validated. The dietary inflammatory index (DII) was computed using repeated 24-hour dietary records (mean=9.5±3.4 records/subject). Hazard ratio and 95% CI for outcomes (CVD and subclasses) were estimated across sex-specific quartiles of the DII using Cox proportional hazard models. A total of 292 cardiovascular events were recorded and validated during an average of 11.4 years of follow-up: 93 myocardial infarctions, 58 strokes, 128 angina pectoris and revascularization interventions, and 13 sudden deaths. When considering CVD subclasses, a diet with pro-inflammatory properties, as expressed by higher DII scores, was significantly associated with a higher risk of myocardial infarction (hazard ratioQuartile 4 versus Quartile 1=2.24, 95% CI: 1.08-4.67). No significant association was observed between the DII score and stroke or both angina pectoris and revascularization intervention. CONCLUSIONS A pro-inflammatory diet, as measured by a higher DII score, was prospectively associated with a higher risk of myocardial infarction. Promotion of a diet exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties may help prevent myocardial infarctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola Neufcourt
- Université Paris 13, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre d'Epidémiologie et Statistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - Karen E Assmann
- Université Paris 13, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre d'Epidémiologie et Statistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - Léopold K Fezeu
- Université Paris 13, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre d'Epidémiologie et Statistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Université Paris 13, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre d'Epidémiologie et Statistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - Laurie Graffouillère
- Université Paris 13, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre d'Epidémiologie et Statistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC
| | - James R Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC
| | - Michael D Wirth
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Université Paris 13, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre d'Epidémiologie et Statistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France Département de Santé Publique, Hôpital Avicenne (AP-HP), Bobigny, France
| | - Pilar Galan
- Université Paris 13, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre d'Epidémiologie et Statistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - Chantal Julia
- Université Paris 13, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre d'Epidémiologie et Statistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France Département de Santé Publique, Hôpital Avicenne (AP-HP), Bobigny, France
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- Université Paris 13, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre d'Epidémiologie et Statistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
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Saxena A, Yadav D, Maurya AK, Kumar A, Mohanty S, Gupta MM, Lingaraju MC, Yatoo MI, Thakur US, Bawankule DU. Diarylheptanoids from Alnus nepalensis attenuates LPS-induced inflammation in macrophages and endotoxic shock in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 30:129-136. [PMID: 26679675 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diarylheptanoids, a group of plant secondary metabolites are increasingly recognized as potential therapeutic agents. The aim of study was to ascertain the anti-inflammatory profile of diarylheptanoids from Alnus nepalensis against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in macrophages and endotoxic shock in mice. Extracts prepared from dried leaves of A. nepalensis using standard solvents were tested against LPS-induced inflammation in macrophages. Among all, butanol extract (ANB) has shown most significant inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines without any cytotoxicity. HPLC analysis of ANB showed the presence of diarylheptanoids. The diarylheptanoids were further isolated and tested in-vitro for anti-inflammatory activity. Treatment of isolated diarylheptanoids (HOG, ORE and PLS) was able to reduce the production and mRNA level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6). Furthermore, we demonstrated that it inhibited the expression of NF-kB protein in LPS-induced inflammation in macrophages. In-vivo efficacy and safety profile of ANB revealed that oral treatment of ANB was able to improve the survival rate, and inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum, attenuated vital organ injury in a dose dependent manner without any toxic effect at higher dose in mice. The results suggest that diarylheptanoids from A. nepalensis can be considered as potential therapeutic candidates for the management of inflammation related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Saxena
- Molecular Bioprospection Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Deepti Yadav
- Analytical Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Anil K Maurya
- Molecular Bioprospection Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Anant Kumar
- Molecular Bioprospection Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Shilpa Mohanty
- Molecular Bioprospection Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Madan M Gupta
- Analytical Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Madhu C Lingaraju
- Department of Pharmacology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - M I Yatoo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - Uttam S Thakur
- Department of Pharmacology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - Dnyaneshwar U Bawankule
- Molecular Bioprospection Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India.
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169
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Guerendiain M, Mayneris-Perxachs J, Montes R, López-Belmonte G, Martín-Matillas M, Castellote AI, Martín-Bautista E, Martí A, Martínez JA, Moreno L, Garagorri JM, Wärnberg J, Caballero J, Marcos A, López-Sabater MC, Campoy C. Relation between plasma antioxidant vitamin levels, adiposity and cardio-metabolic profile in adolescents: Effects of a multidisciplinary obesity programme. Clin Nutr 2015; 36:209-217. [PMID: 26614254 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In vivo and in vitro evidence suggests that antioxidant vitamins and carotenoids may be key factors in the treatment and prevention of obesity and obesity-associated disorders. Hence, the objective of the present study was to determine the relationship between plasma lipid-soluble antioxidant vitamin and carotenoid levels and adiposity and cardio-metabolic risk markers in overweight and obese adolescents participating in a multidisciplinary weight loss programme. METHODS A therapeutic programme was conducted with 103 adolescents aged 12-17 years old and diagnosed with overweight or obesity. Plasma concentrations of α-tocopherol, retinol, β-carotene and lycopene, anthropometric indicators of general and central adiposity, blood pressure and biochemical parameters were analysed at baseline and at 2 and 6 months of treatment. RESULTS Lipid-corrected retinol (P < 0.05), β-carotene (P = 0.001) and α-tocopherol (P < 0.001) plasma levels increased significantly, whereas lipid-corrected lycopene levels remained unaltered during the treatment. Anthropometric indicators of adiposity (P < 0.001), blood pressure (P < 0.01) and biochemical parameters (P < 0.05) decreased significantly, whereas fat free mass increased significantly (P < 0.001). These clinical and biochemical improvements were related to changes in plasma lipid-corrected antioxidant vitamin and carotenoid levels. The adolescents who experienced the greatest weight loss also showed the largest decrease in anthropometric indicators of adiposity and biochemical parameters and the highest increase in fat free mass. Weight loss in these adolescents was related to an increase in plasma levels of lipid-corrected α-tocopherol (P = 0.001), β-carotene (P = 0.034) and lycopene (P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS Plasma lipid-soluble antioxidant vitamin and carotenoid levels are associated with reduced adiposity, greater weight loss and an improved cardio-metabolic profile in overweight and obese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Guerendiain
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Montes
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain
| | - Gemma López-Belmonte
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs Granada), Department of Paediatrics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Martín-Matillas
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, School of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Ana I Castellote
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain
| | | | - Amelia Martí
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luis Moreno
- Department of Paediatrics, Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Mª Garagorri
- Department of Paediatrics, Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ascensión Marcos
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Carmen López-Sabater
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain.
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs Granada), Department of Paediatrics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Granada, Spain
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170
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Olsen KS, Skeie G, Lund E. Whole-Blood Gene Expression Profiles in Large-Scale Epidemiological Studies: What Do They Tell? Curr Nutr Rep 2015; 4:377-386. [PMID: 26568898 PMCID: PMC4639574 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-015-0143-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In nutrigenomics, gene expression profiling is used to investigate transcriptional mechanisms associated with nutrients and diet. Blood samples collected in the framework of dietary interventions and epidemiological studies allow the use of humans as the model system, as opposed to using cell lines or animal models. Here, we review recent publications in the field of gene expression profiling, based on a systematic literature search focusing on studies from the last 5 years and including studies that investigated either single nutrients, foods, food groups, or dietary patterns. Findings highlight the role of inflammatory processes as key mediators of the association between diet and disease and point to the relevance of using blood as the target tissue in nutrigenomics. However, recurring challenges include study design issues, practical and statistical challenges, and biological interpretation of the results. Many of the published studies have small sample size, and given the nature of gene expression data, their conclusions have limited impact. These challenges should be addressed by future nutrigenomics studies in order to increase their relevance and validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Standahl Olsen
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT Arctic University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT Arctic University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Eiliv Lund
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT Arctic University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
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171
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Ferguson LR. Nutritional Modulation of Gene Expression: Might This be of Benefit to Individuals with Crohn's Disease? Front Immunol 2015; 6:467. [PMID: 26441972 PMCID: PMC4566049 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD), is increasing worldwide, especially in young children and adolescents. Although hospitalized patients are usually provided with enteral or parenteral support, continuing care typically requires a trial-and-error approach to suppressing symptoms and maintaining disease remission. Current nutritional advice does not differ from general population guidelines. International collaborative studies have revealed 163 distinct genetic loci affecting susceptibility to IBD, in some of which host-microbe interactions can be seen to play an important role. The nature of these loci enables a rationale for predicting nutritional requirements that may not be evident through standard therapeutic approaches. Certain recognized nutrients, such as vitamin D and long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, may be required at higher than anticipated levels. Various phytochemicals, not usually considered in the same class as classic nutrients, could play an important role. Prebiotics and probiotics may also be beneficial. Genomic approaches enable proof of principle of nutrient optimization rather than waiting for disease symptoms to appear and/or progress. We suggest a paradigm shift in diagnostic tools and nutritional therapy for CD, involving a systems biology approach for implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynnette R Ferguson
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand ; Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
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172
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies have reported inverse associations between various single healthy diet indices and lower levels of systemic inflammation, but rarely are they examined in the same sample. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential relationships between biomarkers of systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen) and overall foods (dietary patterns), single foods (fruits and vegetables), and specific nutritive (antioxidants) and non-nutritive (flavonoids) food components in the same narrow-age cohort of older adults. The dietary intake of 792 participants aged 70 years from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 was assessed using a 168-item FFQ. Models were adjusted for age, sex, childhood cognitive ability, lifestyle factors and history of disease. Using logistic regression analyses, CRP (normal v. elevated) was favourably associated (at P< 0·05) with the ‘health-aware’ (low-fat) dietary pattern (unstandardised β = (0·200, OR 0·82, 95 % CI 0·68, 0·99) and fruit intake (unstandardised β = (0·100, OR 0·91, 95 % CI 0·82, 0·99), including flavonoid-rich apples (unstandardised β = (0·456, OR 0·63, 95 % CI 0·439, 0·946). Using linear regression analyses, fibrinogen (continuous) was inversely associated (at P< 0·05) with the Mediterranean dietary pattern (standardised β = (0·100), fruit intake (standardised β = (0·083), and combined fruit and vegetable intake (standardised β = (0·084). We observed no association between food components (antioxidant nutrients or specific flavonoid subclasses) and inflammatory markers. In the present cross-sectional study, nutrient-dense dietary patterns were associated with lower levels of systemic inflammation in older people. The results are consistent with dietary guidelines that promote a balanced diet based on a variety of plant-based foods.
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173
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Dias R, Perez-Gregorio MR, Mateus N, De Freitas V. Interaction study between wheat-derived peptides and procyanidin B3 by mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2015; 194:1304-12. [PMID: 26471686 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tannins have the ability to complex and precipitate proteins, being particularly reactive towards the proline-rich ones. The main structural feature of the wheat peptides responsible for the onset of Celiac Disease (CD) is their high content in proline residues. The aim of this work was to characterize the binding between a common food tannin (procyanidin B3) and different wheat-derived peptidic fractions. For this, seven peptide mixtures were obtained after in vitro digestion of a wheat gliadins crude extract and further characterized by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Several soluble B3-peptide complexes were identified by ESI-MS. The peptides involved in complex formation varied in terms of their size and diversity in CD epitopes. Although binding selectivity of procyanidin B3 towards peptides containing CD epitopes was not found, the major complexes contained or could contain immunoreactive peptides. This study highlights the potential beneficial effects of food polyphenols as a nutritional approach in the modulation of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Dias
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Rosa Perez-Gregorio
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Nuno Mateus
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Victor De Freitas
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Robertson RC, Guihéneuf F, Bahar B, Schmid M, Stengel DB, Fitzgerald GF, Ross RP, Stanton C. The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Algae-Derived Lipid Extracts on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Stimulated Human THP-1 Macrophages. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:5402-24. [PMID: 26308008 PMCID: PMC4557028 DOI: 10.3390/md13085402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Algae contain a number of anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and chlorophyll a, hence as dietary ingredients, their extracts may be effective in chronic inflammation-linked metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular disease. In this study, anti-inflammatory potential of lipid extracts from three red seaweeds (Porphyra dioica, Palmaria palmata and Chondrus crispus) and one microalga (Pavlova lutheri) were assessed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human THP-1 macrophages. Extracts contained 34%–42% total fatty acids as n-3 PUFA and 5%–7% crude extract as pigments, including chlorophyll a, β-carotene and fucoxanthin. Pretreatment of the THP-1 cells with lipid extract from P. palmata inhibited production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 (p < 0.05) and IL-8 (p < 0.05) while that of P. lutheri inhibited IL-6 (p < 0.01) production. Quantitative gene expression analysis of a panel of 92 genes linked to inflammatory signaling pathway revealed down-regulation of the expression of 14 pro-inflammatory genes (TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR8, TRAF5, TRAF6, TNFSF18, IL6R, IL23, CCR1, CCR4, CCL17, STAT3, MAP3K1) by the lipid extracts. The lipid extracts effectively inhibited the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory signaling pathways mediated via toll-like receptors, chemokines and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling molecules. These results suggest that lipid extracts from P. lutheri, P. palmata, P. dioica and C. crispus can inhibit LPS-induced inflammatory pathways in human macrophages. Therefore, algal lipid extracts should be further explored as anti-inflammatory ingredients for chronic inflammation-linked metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruairi C Robertson
- Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland.
| | - Freddy Guihéneuf
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Bojlul Bahar
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Matthias Schmid
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Dagmar B Stengel
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Gerald F Fitzgerald
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland.
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland.
- College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland.
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland.
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Abstract
The importance of chronic low-grade inflammation in the pathology of numerous age-related chronic conditions is now clear. An unresolved inflammatory response is likely to be involved from the early stages of disease development. The present position paper is the most recent in a series produced by the International Life Sciences Institute's European Branch (ILSI Europe). It is co-authored by the speakers from a 2013 workshop led by the Obesity and Diabetes Task Force entitled ‘Low-grade inflammation, a high-grade challenge: biomarkers and modulation by dietary strategies’. The latest research in the areas of acute and chronic inflammation and cardiometabolic, gut and cognitive health is presented along with the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying inflammation–health/disease associations. The evidence relating diet composition and early-life nutrition to inflammatory status is reviewed. Human epidemiological and intervention data are thus far heavily reliant on the measurement of inflammatory markers in the circulation, and in particular cytokines in the fasting state, which are recognised as an insensitive and highly variable index of tissue inflammation. Potential novel kinetic and integrated approaches to capture inflammatory status in humans are discussed. Such approaches are likely to provide a more discriminating means of quantifying inflammation–health/disease associations, and the ability of diet to positively modulate inflammation and provide the much needed evidence to develop research portfolios that will inform new product development and associated health claims.
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176
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Kobayashi Y, Kovacs-Nolan J, Matsui T, Mine Y. The Anti-atherosclerotic Dipeptide, Trp-His, Reduces Intestinal Inflammation through the Blockade of L-Type Ca2+ Channels. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6041-6050. [PMID: 26079480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Trp-His, the anti-atherosclerotic dipeptide, exerted an antiproliferative effect on vascular smooth muscle cells by L-type Ca(2+) channel blocker-like effect. The beneficial potential by the blockade of Ca(2+) channels on chronic intestinal inflammation, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is unclear. Trp-His (100 or 250 mg/kg body weight/day) was administered for 14 days to BALB/c mice, and 5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) was administered to induce colitis in the last 7 days. Trp-His reduced DSS-induced typical colitis symptoms and cytokine expression in the colon. Trp-His inhibited interleukin (IL)-8 secretion in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated HT-29 cells. The inhibitory effect of Trp-His, as well as that of Ca(2+) channel blockers, was impaired by the presence of Ca(2+) channel agonist Bay K 8644. The TNF-α-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and IκBα were decreased by Trp-His. These results indicated that the anti-inflammatory effect of Trp-His may be involved in the blockade of L-type Ca(2+) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Kobayashi
- †Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
- §Division of Bioresources and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | | | - Toshiro Matsui
- §Division of Bioresources and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Mine
- †Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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177
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Metabolic profile of 2-(2-hydroxypropanamido) benzoic acid in rats by ultra high performance liquid chromatography combined with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 993-994:60-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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178
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Morin C, Blier PU, Fortin S. Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid monoglycerides are more potent than docosahexaenoic acid monoglyceride to resolve inflammation in a rheumatoid arthritis model. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:142. [PMID: 26022389 PMCID: PMC4624173 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0653-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the joints and bones. Omega-3 (ω3) fatty acid supplementation has been associated with a decreased production of inflammatory cytokines and eicosanoids involved in RA pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic potential of ω3 monoglyceride (MAG-ω3) compounds in an in vivo rat model of RA induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA). METHOD CFA rats were untreated or treated per os with three specific compounds, namely, MAG-docosahexaenoic acid (MAG-DHA), MAG-eicosapentaenoic acid (MAG-EPA) and MAG-docosapentaenoic acid (MAG-DPA). Morphological and histological analyses, as well as pro-inflammatory marker levels were determined following MAG-ω3 treatments. RESULTS Morphological and histological analyses revealed that MAG-EPA and MAG-DPA exhibited strong activity in reducing the progression and severity of arthritic disease in CFA rats. Following MAG-EPA and MAG-DPA treatments, plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines; interleukin 17A (IL-17A), IL-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) were markedly lower when compared to CFA-untreated rats. Results also revealed a decreased activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) pathways correlated with a reduced expression of TNFα, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 in paw homogenates derived from MAG-EPA and MAG-DPA-treated rats. Of interest, the combined treatment of MAG-EPA and vitamin E displayed an antagonistic effect on anti-inflammatory properties of MAG-EPA in CFA rats. CONCLUSION Altogether, the present data suggest that MAG-EPA, without vitamin E, represents a new potential therapeutic strategy for resolving inflammation in arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Morin
- SCF Pharma, 235, route du Fleuve Ouest, Ste-Luce, QC, G0K 1P0, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| | - Pierre U Blier
- Department of Biology, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada.
| | - Samuel Fortin
- SCF Pharma, 235, route du Fleuve Ouest, Ste-Luce, QC, G0K 1P0, Canada. .,Department of Biology, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada.
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179
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Vitamin E supplementation is associated with lower levels of C-reactive protein only in higher dosages and combined with other antioxidants: The Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) F4 study. Br J Nutr 2015; 113:1782-91. [PMID: 25895432 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515000902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the association between intake of five common antioxidative nutrients from supplements and medications (vitamin E, vitamin C, carotenoids, Se, and Zn) and levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in the general population. For this purpose, a total of 2924 participants of the population-based Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) F4 study (2006-8) were investigated cross-sectionally. Intake of dietary supplements and medication during the last 7 d was recorded in a personal interview, when participants were asked to show product packages of ingested preparations. Linear regression models were calculated; first, the exposure to regular nutrient intake was treated with a binary response (yes/no); then regularly ingested amounts were divided into quartiles to examine dose-response relationships. Effect of single v. combined supplementation of antioxidants was assessed through the inclusion of interaction terms into the models. Regular intake of any of the five investigated antioxidants per se was not associated with hs-CRP levels. However, dose-response analyses revealed that participants who regularly ingested more than 78 mg vitamin E/d, which corresponds to the upper quartile, had 22% lower hs-CRP levels (95% CI 0·63, 0·97) compared to those of persons who were not exposed to any vitamin E supplementation. Stratified analyses showed that this association was found only in persons who took vitamin E in combination with other antioxidants. The combined supplementation of vitamin E with other antioxidants could thus be a promising strategy for the prevention of inflammation-related diseases in the general population, if further studies could confirm that the proposed association is causal.
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180
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Hobbs RP, Bernstein PS. Nutrient Supplementation for Age-related Macular Degeneration, Cataract, and Dry Eye. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2015; 9:487-93. [PMID: 25709776 PMCID: PMC4329711 DOI: 10.4103/2008-322x.150829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been enormous advances in the past decade for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD); however, these treatments are expensive and require frequent follow-up and injections which place a tremendous burden on both the healthcare system and patients. Consequently, there remains considerable interest in preventing or slowing the progression of AMD requiring treatment. Epidemiological studies have shown that diet is a modifiable AMD risk factor, and nutrient modification is a particularly appealing treatment for AMD due to the perceived universal benefit and relatively low expense. Recently, the age-related eye disease study part two (AREDS2) was concluded and demonstrated further benefit with the addition of lutein and zeaxanthin as a replacement for the β-carotene of the previous generation formulation. The addition of omega-3 essential fatty acids did not show an added benefit. This review aims to highlight some of the evidenced based body of knowledge that has been accumulated from recent studies regarding the use of nutritional supplements and their effect on AMD, cataracts, and dry eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald P Hobbs
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Paul S Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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181
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Intestinal microbial dysbiosis and colonic epithelial cell hyperproliferation by dietary α-mangostin is independent of mouse strain. Nutrients 2015; 7:764-84. [PMID: 25621505 PMCID: PMC4344559 DOI: 10.3390/nu7020764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Beverages and supplements prepared from mangosteen fruit are claimed to support gut health and immunity, despite the absence of supporting evidence from clinical trials. We recently reported that α-mangostin (α-MG), the most abundant xanthone in mangosteen fruit, altered the intestinal microbiome, promoted dysbiosis, and exacerbated colitis in C57BL/6J mice. The objective of this study was to determine whether induction of dysbiosis by dietary α-MG is limited to the C57BL/6J strain or represents a more generic response to chronic intake of the xanthone on the gut microbiota of mice. C3H, Balb/c, Nude FoxN1nu, and C57BL/6J mice, each demonstrating unique microbiomes, were fed standard diet or diet containing 0.1% α-MG for four weeks. Dietary α-MG significantly altered the cecal and colonic microbiota in all four strains of mice, promoting a reduction in generally assumed beneficial bacterial groups while increasing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria. Consumption of α-MG was associated with reduced abundance of Firmicutes and increased abundance of Proteobacteria. The abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Lactobacillaceae was reduced in α-MG-fed mice, while that of Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae was increased. Dietary α-MG also was associated with increased proliferation of colonic epithelial cells, infiltration of immune cells, infiltration of immune cells and increased fluid content in stool. These results suggest that ingestion of pharmacologic doses of xanthones in mangosteen-containing supplements may adversely alter the gut microbiota and should be used with caution.
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182
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Julia C, Galan P, Touvier M, Meunier N, Papet I, Sapin V, Cano N, Faure P, Hercberg S, Kesse-Guyot E. Antioxidant status and the risk of elevated C-reactive protein 12 years later. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2014; 65:289-98. [PMID: 25377123 DOI: 10.1159/000363194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Low-grade inflammation is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Relationships between the antioxidant status and inflammatory biomarkers could give new insights into cardiovascular disease prevention. We investigated long-term associations between the antioxidant nutrient (vitamin C, α-tocopherol, β-carotene) status and C-reactive protein (CRP) in a population-based cohort. METHODS Subjects included in the French SU.VI.MAX trial study who had available data on baseline (1994-1995) blood nutrient concentrations and CRP measurements 12 years later (2007-2009) were included. Associations between baseline antioxidant circulating concentrations and elevated CRP (>3 mg/l) were investigated in multivariate logistic regression models. Subgroup analyses were performed according to gender, supplementation group of the initial trial, smoking status, and alcohol intake. RESULTS Serum α-tocopherol (n = 2,060) and vitamin C (n = 1,719) concentrations [odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) quintile 5 vs. 1: OR 1.10 (95% CI 0.71-1.73), p for trend = 0.533, vs. OR 0.79 (95% CI 0.48-1.29), p for trend = 0.121, respectively] were not associated with elevated CRP concentrations. The β-carotene status (n = 2,048) was inversely associated with elevated CRP [adjusted OR quintile 5 vs. 1: OR 0.61 (95% CI 0.38-0.98), p for trend = 0.01]. Subgroup analyses showed that associations were stronger in women (p for trend = 0.004), never smokers (p for trend = 0.009) and subjects in the supplementation group (p for trend = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the β-carotene status may be inversely associated with low-grade inflammation in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Julia
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Center, Inserm U1153, INRA U1125, Cnam, Paris 13 University, Paris 5 University, Paris 7 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
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183
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Bottari NB, Baldissera MD, Tonin AA, França RT, Zanini D, Leal MLR, Lopes STA, Schetinger MRC, Morsch VM, Monteiro SG, Guarda NS, Moresco RN, Aires AR, Stefani LM, Da Silva AS. Effects of iron supplementation on blood adenine deaminase activity and oxidative stress in Trypanosoma evansi infection of rats. Exp Parasitol 2014; 147:1-6. [PMID: 25300765 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of iron supplementation on oxidative stress and on the activity of the adenosine deaminase (ADA) in rats experimentally infected by Trypanosoma evansi. For this purpose, 20 rats were divided into four experimental groups with five animals each as follows: groups A and B were composed by healthy animals, while animals from groups C and D were infected by T. evansi. Additionally, groups B and D received two subcutaneous doses of iron (60 mg kg(-1)) within an interval of 5 days. Blood samples were drawn on day 8 post infection in order to assess hematological and biochemical variables. Among the main results are: (1) animals from group C showed reduced erythrogram (with tendency to anemia); however the same results were not observed for group D; this might be a direct effect of free iron on trypanosomes which helped to reduce the parasitemia and the damage to erythrocytes caused by the infection; (2) iron supplementation was able to reduce NOx levels by inhibiting iNOS, and thus, providing an antioxidant action and, indirectly, reducing the ALT levels in groups Band D; (3) increase FRAP levels in group D; (4) reduce ADA activity in serum and erythrocytes in group C; however, this supplementation (5) increased the protein oxidation in groups B and D, as well as group C (positive control). Therefore, iron showed antioxidant and oxidant effects on animals that received supplementation; and it maintained the activity of E-ADA stable in infected/supplemented animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathieli B Bottari
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Toxicological Biochemistry of Graduate Program, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus D Baldissera
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A Tonin
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Danieli Zanini
- Toxicological Biochemistry of Graduate Program, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marta L R Leal
- Department of Large Animal, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vera M Morsch
- Toxicological Biochemistry of Graduate Program, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvia G Monteiro
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Naiara S Guarda
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael N Moresco
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Lenita M Stefani
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S Da Silva
- Toxicological Biochemistry of Graduate Program, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
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184
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C. Calder
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine; University of Southampton; Southampton United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre; University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton; Southampton United Kingdom
- Department of Biological Sciences; Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
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185
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Singh M, Hamid AA, Maurya AK, Prakash O, Khan F, Kumar A, Aiyelaagbe OO, Negi AS, Bawankule DU. Synthesis of diosgenin analogues as potential anti-inflammatory agents. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 143:323-33. [PMID: 24816230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We herein report the synthesis of diosgenin analogues from commercially available diosgenin as the starting material. The structures of newly synthesised compounds were confirmed by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and mass spectrometry. All analogues were evaluated for in-vitro anti-inflammatory profile against LPS-induced inflammation in primary peritoneal macrophages isolated from mice by quantification of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) cytokines in cell culture supernatant using the ELISA technique followed by in-vitro cytotoxicity study. Among the synthesised analogues, analogue 15 [(E) 26-(3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzylidene)-furost-5en-3β-acetate)] showed significant anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in a dose-dependent manner without any cytotoxicity. Efficacy and safety of analogue 15 were further validated in an in-vivo system using LPS-induced sepsis model and acute oral toxicity in mice. Oral administration of analogue 15 inhibited the pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum, attenuated the liver and lung injury and reduced the mortality rate in sepsis mice. Acute oral toxicity study showed that analogue 15 is non-toxic at higher dose in BALB/c mice. Molecular docking study revealed the strong binding affinity of diosgenin analogues to the active site of the pro-inflammatory proteins. These findings suggested that analogue 15 may be a useful therapeutic candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Singh
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - A A Hamid
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India; Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Anil K Maurya
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Om Prakash
- Molecular and Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Feroz Khan
- Molecular and Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Anant Kumar
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - O O Aiyelaagbe
- Organic Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Arvind S Negi
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India.
| | - Dnyaneshwar U Bawankule
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India.
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186
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Calder PC. Marine omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes: Effects, mechanisms and clinical relevance. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:469-84. [PMID: 25149823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 937] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a condition which contributes to a range of human diseases. It involves a multitude of cell types, chemical mediators, and interactions. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids found in oily fish and fish oil supplements. These fatty acids are able to partly inhibit a number of aspects of inflammation including leukocyte chemotaxis, adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte-endothelial adhesive interactions, production of eicosanoids like prostaglandins and leukotrienes from the n-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid, production of inflammatory cytokines, and T-helper 1 lymphocyte reactivity. In addition, EPA gives rise to eicosanoids that often have lower biological potency than those produced from arachidonic acid and EPA and DHA give rise to anti-inflammatory and inflammation resolving mediators called resolvins, protectins and maresins. Mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory actions of marine n-3 fatty acids include altered cell membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition, disruption of lipid rafts, inhibition of activation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B so reducing expression of inflammatory genes, activation of the anti-inflammatory transcription factor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ and binding to the G protein coupled receptor GPR120. These mechanisms are interlinked, although the full extent of this is not yet elucidated. Animal experiments demonstrate benefit from marine n-3 fatty acids in models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and asthma. Clinical trials of fish oil in RA demonstrate benefit, but clinical trials of fish oil in IBD and asthma are inconsistent with no overall clear evidence of efficacy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance".
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Calder
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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187
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Martinez-Rubio L, Evensen Ø, Krasnov A, Jørgensen SM, Wadsworth S, Ruohonen K, Vecino JLG, Tocher DR. Effects of functional feeds on the lipid composition, transcriptomic responses and pathology in heart of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) before and after experimental challenge with Piscine Myocarditis Virus (PMCV). BMC Genomics 2014; 15:462. [PMID: 24919788 PMCID: PMC4079957 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) is a severe cardiac disease of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) recently associated with a double-stranded RNA virus, Piscine Myocarditis Virus (PMCV). The disease has been diagnosed in 75-85 farms in Norway each year over the last decade resulting in annual economic losses estimated at up to €9 million. Recently, we demonstrated that functional feeds led to a milder inflammatory response and reduced severity of heart lesions in salmon experimentally infected with Atlantic salmon reovirus, the causal agent of heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI). In the present study we employed a similar strategy to investigate the effects of functional feeds, with reduced lipid content and increased eicosapentaenoic acid levels, in controlling CMS in salmon after experimental infection with PMCV. Results Hepatic steatosis associated with CMS was significantly reduced over the time course of the infection in fish fed the functional feeds. Significant differences in immune and inflammatory responses and pathology in heart tissue were found in fish fed the different dietary treatments over the course of the infection. Specifically, fish fed the functional feeds showed a milder and delayed inflammatory response and, consequently, less severity of heart lesions at earlier and later stages after infection with PMCV. Decreasing levels of phosphatidylinositol in cell membranes combined with the increased expression of genes related with T-cell signalling pathways revealed new interactions between dietary lipid composition and the immune response in fish during viral infection. Dietary histidine supplementation did not significantly affect immune responses or levels of heart lesions. Conclusions Combined with the previous findings on HSMI, the results of the present study highlight the potential role of clinical nutrition in controlling inflammatory diseases in Atlantic salmon. In particular, dietary lipid content and fatty acid composition may have important immune-modulatory effects in Atlantic salmon that could be potentially beneficial in fish balancing the immune and tissue responses to viral infections. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-462) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martinez-Rubio
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.
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Dunn TN, Keenan AH, Thomas AP, Newman JW, Adams SH. A diet containing a nonfat dry milk matrix significantly alters systemic oxylipins and the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in diet-induced obese mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2014; 11:24. [PMID: 24963334 PMCID: PMC4068977 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-11-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diets rich in dairy and/or calcium (Ca) have been associated with reductions in adiposity and inflammation, but the mechanisms underlying this remain to be fully elucidated. Oxylipins and endocannabinoids are bioactive lipids, which influence energy homeostasis, adipose function, insulin signaling, and inflammation. Our objective was to determine if these metabolites associate with metabolic and inflammatory phenotypes stemming from dietary Ca and dairy in diet induced obese mice. METHODS In one study, C57BL6/J mice were fed high fat diets (45% energy) with varying dietary matrices for 12 weeks: soy protein and Ca adequate (0.5%; CONTROL), soy protein and high Ca (1.5%; HighCa), or nonfat-dry-milk based high Ca (NFDM). In a second study, mice were pre-fattened for 12 weeks on the CONTROL high fat diet, and then fed one of three high fat diets for an additional 8 weeks: CONTROL, HighCa, or NFDM. In both studies, adiposity and associated metabolic and inflammatory outcomes were measured and a targeted lipidomics analysis was performed on plasma collected during the post-absorptive condition. RESULTS As reported previously, mice fed NFDM had less body fat and reduced mRNA markers of adipose inflammation (p < 0.05) than CONTROL mice despite greater cumulative energy intake. Moreover, NFDM fed mice lipid mediator profiles were distinct from CONTROL and HighCa mice. NFDM fed mice showed elevated plasma monoacylglycerols (6 - 46% increase from CONTROL), including 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), and reduced fatty acid diols (8-75% decrease from CONTROL). CONCLUSIONS Differences in specific plasma lipid mediator profiles reflect the metabolic and inflammatory phenotypes seen in NFDM feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara N Dunn
- Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology, University of California, Davis, USA ; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Alison H Keenan
- Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology, University of California, Davis, USA ; Current address: Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA ; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Anthony P Thomas
- Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology, University of California, Davis, USA ; Current Address: Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - John W Newman
- Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology, University of California, Davis, USA ; Obesity & Metabolism Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA ; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, USA ; USDA-ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 W. Health Sciences Dr, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sean H Adams
- Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology, University of California, Davis, USA ; Obesity & Metabolism Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA ; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, USA ; USDA-ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 W. Health Sciences Dr, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Shea MK, Cushman M, Booth SL, Burke GL, Chen H, Kritchevsky SB. Associations between vitamin K status and haemostatic and inflammatory biomarkers in community-dwelling adults. The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Thromb Haemost 2014; 112:438-44. [PMID: 24849546 DOI: 10.1160/th13-12-1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin K is integral to haemostatic function, and in vitro and animal experiments suggest that vitamin K can suppress production of inflammatory cytokines. To test the hypothesis that higher vitamin K status is associated with lower haemostatic activation and inflammation in community-dwelling adults, we analysed the cross-sectional association between serum phylloquinone (vitamin K1) with haemostatic and inflammatory biomarkers in 662 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) [mean (SD) age=62 (10) years; 46% female; 37% Caucasian, 25% African-American, 25% Hispanic, 13% Chinese-American]. Following adjustment for demographic and lifestyle characteristics, medication use, triglycerides and body mass index, those in the highest quartile of serum phylloquinone had significantly lower circulating interleukin-6 [adjusted mean (SEM) pmol/l: quartile 4 (Q4)=1.22 (0.07), quartile 1 (Q1)=1.45 (0.07); p-trend<0.01], C-reactive protein [adjusted mean (SEM) mg/dl: Q4=1.57 (0.11), Q1=2.08 (0.18); p-trend=0.02], soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [adjusted mean (SEM) ng/ml: Q4=247 (11), Q1=288 (11); p-trend=0.02], and plasmin-antiplasmin complex [adjusted mean (SEM) nmol/l: Q4=4.02 (0.1), Q1=4.31 (0.1), p-trend=0.04]. We detected an interaction between age and serum phylloquinone with respect to factor VIII and D-dimer (interaction p-values=0.03 and 0.09, respectively). Among participants ≥70 years, serum phylloquinone was inversely associated with factor VIII activity (p-trend=0.06) and positively associated with D-dimer (p-trend=0.01), but was not associated with either marker among participants <70 years (both p≥0.38). In contrast, dietary phylloquinone intake was not associated with any inflammatory or haemostatic biomarker evaluated (all p-trend>0.11). These findings are consistent with laboratory-based studies that suggest a possible anti-inflammatory role for vitamin K. Whether or not these associations predict clinical outcomes linked to elevated inflammation or haemostatic activation remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Shea
- Kyla Shea, PhD, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA, E-mail:
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190
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UHPLC profiling and effects on LPS-stimulated J774A.1 macrophages of flavonoids from bergamot (Citrus bergamia) juice, an underestimated waste product with high anti-inflammatory potential. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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191
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Relationship of serum carotenoid concentrations with allostatic load as a measure of chronic stress among middle-aged adults in the USA. Public Health Nutr 2014; 18:313-21. [PMID: 24513032 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980014000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic stress and repeated physiological attempts at stress adaptation may result in 'fatigue' and suboptimal performance of multiple physiological systems, i.e. allostatic load (AL). Although carotenoids have been linked with individual cardiovascular, metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers, little is known about the relationship of carotenoids with the multi-system biomarker measure of stress, AL. The present study examined the association of serum concentrations of carotenoids with AL among middle-aged adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional. AL score was calculated based on nine risk-rated indicators (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, total and HDL-cholesterol, glycosylated Hb, sex-specific waist-to-hip ratio, albumin and C-reactive protein). SUBJECTS Middle-aged (45-64 years, n 3387) men and women participants in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, NHANES III (1988-1994). RESULTS Serum β-carotene concentration was inversely associated with high AL after adjusting for age, education, race/ethnicity, serum cotinine, alcohol consumption, physical activity and other carotenoids (α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein/zeaxanthin). Females in the lowest β-carotene quartile were 2·94 (95 % CI 1·74, 4·94) times and males 2·90 (95 % CI 1·43, 5·89) times as likely to have high AL, compared with peers in the highest quartile (P for linear trend 0·001 and 0·018 for females and males, respectively). Mean serum β-carotene concentrations were also inversely associated with the number of 'high-risk' AL components (P for linear trend <0·001 and 0·004 for females and males, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our study adds to evidence linking low β-carotene levels with unfavourable health outcomes.
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192
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Lai JS, Hiles S, Bisquera A, Hure AJ, McEvoy M, Attia J. A systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary patterns and depression in community-dwelling adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 99:181-97. [PMID: 24196402 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.069880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of single nutrients on depression have produced inconsistent results, and they have failed to consider the complex interactions between nutrients. An increasing number of studies in recent years are investigating the association of overall dietary patterns and depression. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to systematically review current literature and conduct meta-analyses of studies addressing the association between dietary patterns and depression. DESIGN Six electronic databases were searched for articles published up to August 2013 that examined the association of total diet and depression among adults. Only studies considered methodologically rigorous were included. Two independent reviewers completed study selection, quality rating, and data extraction. Effect sizes of eligible studies were pooled by using random-effects models. A summary of the findings was presented for studies that could not be meta-analyzed. RESULTS A total of 21 studies were identified. Results from 13 observational studies were pooled. Two dietary patterns were identified. The healthy diet pattern was significantly associated with a reduced odds of depression (OR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.76, 0.92; P < 0.001). No statistically significant association was observed between the Western diet and depression (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.68; P = 0.094); however, the studies were too few for a precise estimate of this effect. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that high intakes of fruit, vegetables, fish, and whole grains may be associated with a reduced depression risk. However, more high-quality randomized controlled trials and cohort studies are needed to confirm this finding, specifically the temporal sequence of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun S Lai
- Priority Research Centre for Gender, Health and Ageing (JSL and AJH), the Priority Research Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health (SH), and the Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MM and JA), University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; the Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia (AB, AJH, and JA); and the John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia (JA)
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Silva V, Barazzoni R, Singer P. Biomarkers of Fish Oil Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Intake in Humans. Nutr Clin Pract 2013; 29:63-72. [DOI: 10.1177/0884533613516144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Silva
- Institute for Nutrition Research, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Rocco Barazzoni
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Pierre Singer
- Institute for Nutrition Research, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Department of General Intensive Care, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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194
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Reynolds MA. Modifiable risk factors in periodontitis: at the intersection of aging and disease. Periodontol 2000 2013; 64:7-19. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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195
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Dawson DR, Branch-Mays G, Gonzalez OA, Ebersole JL. Dietary modulation of the inflammatory cascade. Periodontol 2000 2013; 64:161-97. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2012.00458.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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196
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Abstract
Chronic disease epidemiology currently lacks the mono-causal focus germ theory provides infectious diseases. However, the discovery of a form of low-grade, systemic, and chronic inflammation (“metaflammation) underlying many, if not all, chronic diseases induced by a range of stimulants labeled “anthropogens” may help change this. Anthropogens are “man-made environments, their by-products, and/or lifestyles encouraged by these, some of which are detrimental to human health.” While an exhaustive list of anthropogens associated with chronic disease may be as elusive as a comprehensive list of “germs” with the potential to cause infection, a broad taxonomy provides a focus for the practice of lifestyle medicine. Such a list is considered here under the acronym NASTIE ODOURS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry Egger
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia (GE)
- Department of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia (DC)
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (JD)
| | - David Colquhoun
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia (GE)
- Department of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia (DC)
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (JD)
| | - John Dixon
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia (GE)
- Department of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia (DC)
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (JD)
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Grimshaw KEC, Maskell J, Oliver EM, Morris RCG, Foote KD, Mills ENC, Roberts G, Margetts BM. Introduction of complementary foods and the relationship to food allergy. Pediatrics 2013; 132:e1529-38. [PMID: 24249826 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2012-3692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To address questions regarding breastfeeding, complementary feeding, allergy development, and current infant-feeding recommendations. METHODS This was a nested, case-control within a cohort study in which mothers of 41 infants diagnosed with food allergy by the age of 2 years (according to double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge) and their 82 age-matched controls kept prospective food diaries of how their infants were fed in the first year of life. RESULTS Infants who were diagnosed with food allergy by the time they were 2 years of age were introduced to solids earlier (≤16 weeks of age) and were less likely to be receiving breast milk when cow's milk protein was first introduced into their diet. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the current American Academy of Pediatrics' allergy prevention recommendations and the European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition recommendations on complementary feeding to not introduce solids before 4 to 6 months of age. It also supports the American Academy of Pediatrics' breastfeeding recommendations that breastfeeding should continue while solids are introduced into the diet and that breastfeeding should continue for 1 year, or longer, as mutually desired by mother and infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E C Grimshaw
- RD, Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Mailpoint 803, Level F, South Academic Block, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Rd, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
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Abstract
Age-related muscle loss impacts on whole-body metabolism and leads to frailty and sarcopenia, which are risk factors for fractures and mortality. Although nutrients are integral to muscle metabolism the relationship between nutrition and muscle loss has only been extensively investigated for protein and amino acids. The objective of the present paper is to describe other aspects of nutrition and their association with skeletal muscle mass. Mechanisms for muscle loss relate to imbalance in protein turnover with a number of anabolic pathways of which the mechanistic TOR pathway and the IGF-1–Akt–FoxO pathways are the most characterised. In terms of catabolism the ubiquitin proteasome system, apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, oxidation and insulin resistance are among the major mechanisms proposed. The limited research associating vitamin D, alcohol, dietary acid–base load, dietary fat and anti-oxidant nutrients with age-related muscle loss is described. Vitamin D may be protective for muscle loss; a more alkalinogenic diet and diets higher in the anti-oxidant nutrients vitamin C and vitamin E may also prevent muscle loss. Although present recommendations for prevention of sarcopenia focus on protein, and to some extent on vitamin D, other aspects of the diet including fruits and vegetables should be considered. Clearly, more research into other aspects of nutrition and their role in prevention of muscle loss is required.
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Kerasioti E, Stagos D, Jamurtas A, Kiskini A, Koutedakis Y, Goutzourelas N, Pournaras S, Tsatsakis AM, Kouretas D. Anti-inflammatory effects of a special carbohydrate–whey protein cake after exhaustive cycling in humans. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 61:42-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Raphael W, Sordillo LM. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammation: the role of phospholipid biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:21167-88. [PMID: 24152446 PMCID: PMC3821664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141021167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of fatty acids in the diets of both human and domestic animal species can regulate inflammation through the biosynthesis of potent lipid mediators. The substrates for lipid mediator biosynthesis are derived primarily from membrane phospholipids and reflect dietary fatty acid intake. Inflammation can be exacerbated with intake of certain dietary fatty acids, such as some ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and subsequent incorporation into membrane phospholipids. Inflammation, however, can be resolved with ingestion of other fatty acids, such as ω-3 PUFA. The influence of dietary PUFA on phospholipid composition is influenced by factors that control phospholipid biosynthesis within cellular membranes, such as preferential incorporation of some fatty acids, competition between newly ingested PUFA and fatty acids released from stores such as adipose, and the impacts of carbohydrate metabolism and physiological state. The objective of this review is to explain these factors as potential obstacles to manipulating PUFA composition of tissue phospholipids by specific dietary fatty acids. A better understanding of the factors that influence how dietary fatty acids can be incorporated into phospholipids may lead to nutritional intervention strategies that optimize health.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Raphael
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson Rd., Room D202, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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