151
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Kimani MK, Mwangi J, Goluch ED. Electrophoresis on a polyester thread coupled with an end-channel pencil electrode detector. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1974-1982. [PMID: 34333778 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We present the design and characterization of a low cost, thread-based electrophoretic device with integrated electrochemical detection. The device has an end-channel pencil graphite electrode placement system for performing electrochemical detection on the thread electrophoresis platform with direct sample pipetting onto the thread. We also established the use of methylene blue and neutral red as a pair of reference migration markers for separation techniques coupled with electrochemical detection, as they have different colors for visual analysis and are both electroactive. Importantly, neutral red was also found to migrate at a similar rate to the EOF, indicating that it can be used as a visual identifier of EOF. The utility of our system was demonstrated by electrophoretic separation and electrochemical detection of physiologically relevant concentrations of pyocyanin in a solution containing multiple electroactive compounds. Pyocyanin is a biomarker for the detection of pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa and has a redox potential that is similar to that of methylene blue. The system was able to effectively resolve methylene blue, neutral red, and pyocyanin in less than 7 min of electrophoretic separation. The theoretical limit of detection for pyocyanin was determined to be 559 nM. The electrophoretic mobilities of methylene blue (0.0236 ± 0.0007 mm2 /V·s), neutral red (0.0149 ± 0.0007 mm2 /V·s), and pyocyanin (0.0107 ± 0.0003 mm2 /V·s) were also determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin K Kimani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Mwangi
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edgar D Goluch
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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152
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Hamidon NN, Salentijn GI, Verpoorte E. Enhanced passive mixing for paper microfluidics. RSC Adv 2021; 11:25677-25685. [PMID: 34354827 PMCID: PMC8311897 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04916j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Imprecise control of fluid flows in paper-based devices is a major challenge in pushing the innovations in this area towards societal implementation. Assays on paper tend to have low reaction yield and reproducibility issues that lead to poor sensitivity and detection limits. Understanding and addressing these issues is key to improving the performance of paper-based devices. In this work, we use colorimetric analysis to observe the mixing behaviour of molecules from two parallel flow streams in unobstructed (on unpatterned paper) and constricted flow (through the gap of a patterned hourglass structure). The model system used for characterization of mixing involved the reaction of Fe3+ with SCN− to form the coloured, soluble complex Fe(SCN)2+. At all tested concentrations (equal concentrations of 50.0 mM, 25.0 mM or 12.5 mM for KSCN and FeCl3 in each experiment), the reaction yield increases (higher colorimetric signal) and better mixing is obtained (lower relative standard deviation) as the gap of the flow constriction becomes smaller (4.69–0.32 mm). This indicates enhanced passive mixing of reagents. A transition window of gap widths exhibiting no mixing enhancement (about 2 mm) to gap widths exhibiting complete mixing (0.5 mm) is defined. The implementation of gap sizes that are smaller than 0.5 mm (below the transition window) for passive mixing is suggested as a good strategy to obtain complete mixing and reproducible reaction yields on paper. In addition, the hourglass structure was used to define the ratio of reagents to be mixed (2 : 1, 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 HCl–NaOH) by simply varying the width ratio of the input channels of the paper. This allows easy adaptation of the device to reaction stoichiometry. Efficient passive mixing can be achieved by contricting the reagent flow using structures having narrow gaps.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Nadiah Hamidon
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen 9700 AD Groningen The Netherlands +31 50 363 75 82 +31 50 363 33 37.,Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang 26300 Kuantan Malaysia
| | - Gert Ij Salentijn
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research Stippeneng 4 6708 WE Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Verpoorte
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen 9700 AD Groningen The Netherlands +31 50 363 75 82 +31 50 363 33 37
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153
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Zhou W, Dou M, Timilsina SS, Xu F, Li X. Recent innovations in cost-effective polymer and paper hybrid microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2658-2683. [PMID: 34180494 PMCID: PMC8360634 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00414j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid microfluidic systems that are composed of multiple different types of substrates have been recognized as a versatile and superior platform, which can draw benefits from different substrates while avoiding their limitations. This review article introduces the recent innovations of different types of low-cost hybrid microfluidic devices, particularly focusing on cost-effective polymer- and paper-based hybrid microfluidic devices. In this article, the fabrication of these hybrid microfluidic devices is briefly described and summarized. We then highlight various hybrid microfluidic systems, including polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based, thermoplastic-based, paper/polymer hybrid systems, as well as other emerging hybrid systems (such as thread-based). The special benefits of using these hybrid systems have been summarized accordingly. A broad range of biological and biomedical applications using these hybrid microfluidic devices are discussed in detail, including nucleic acid analysis, protein analysis, cellular analysis, 3D cell culture, organ-on-a-chip, and tissue engineering. The perspective trends of hybrid microfluidic systems involving the improvement of fabrication techniques and broader applications are also discussed at the end of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| | - Maowei Dou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| | - Sanjay S Timilsina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - XiuJun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA. and Border Biomedical Research Center, Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA and Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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154
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Cioffi A, Mancini M, Gioia V, Cinti S. Office Paper-Based Electrochemical Strips for Organophosphorus Pesticide Monitoring in Agricultural Soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:8859-8865. [PMID: 34165948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Although the use of pesticides has highlighted obvious advantages on agricultural yields, intensive and widespread pesticide use raises serious environmental and health concerns. In particular, organophosphate pesticides represent >40% of the totality used in the field of agriculture, and developing countries face the issue of agricultural poisoning, also due to scarce monitoring programs. In this work, a decentralized, miniaturized, sustainable, and portable paper-based electrochemical biosensor for the quantification of organophosphorus pesticides' level has been realized. The proposed approach highlights the use of a very common paper-based substrate, namely, office paper. Office paper offers several advantages due to its nature: it allows one to print conductive strips for electrochemical connection, loading bio-hybrid nanosized probes (Prussian blue, carbon black, and butyrylcholinesterase), evaluating pesticides and reducing waste disposal compared to plastic-based strips. The portable system has been characterized by a low detection limit of 1.3 ng/mL, and accordingly to total discovered pesticide contents in EU agricultural soils, up to ca. 3 μg/mL, it can offer a valuable tool for fast monitoring. To demonstrate its effectiveness, soil and fruit vegetables have been used to perform in situ quantification. Good recovery percentages between 90 and 110% have been achieved in different matrices, highlighting to be suitable for field measurements, and a good correlation has been obtained in comparison with LC-MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Cioffi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Mancini
- Acea ElaboRi SpA, Via Vitorchiano 165, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Cinti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Napoli "Federico II", 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
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155
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Kim S, Romero-Lozano A, Hwang DS, Yoon JY. A guanidinium-rich polymer as a new universal bioreceptor for multiplex detection of bacteria from environmental samples. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 413:125338. [PMID: 33592489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Protamine, a guanidinium rich polymer, is proposed as a universal bioreceptor for bacteria, towards rapid and handheld bacteria detection from complex environmental water samples without the need for specific antibodies or primers. Escherichia coli K12, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) were assayed, representing gram-negative, gram-positive, rod- and round-shaped bacteria. Samples and the protamine conjugated fluorescent particles were sequentially loaded to the paper microfluidic chips and flowed through the channels spontaneously via capillary action. The particles were aggregated via protamine-bacteria membrane interactions and unbound particles were rinsed via capillary action. A low-cost smartphone fluorescence microscope was designed, fabricated, and imaged the paper channels. A unique image processing algorithm isolated only the aggregated particles to detect all three bacteria (p < 0.05) with a detection limit of 101-102 CFU/mL. Protamine did not induce any particle aggregation with a model protein, algae, and virus. Successful bacteria detection was also demonstrated with environmental field water samples. Total assay time was < 10 min with neither extraction nor enrichment steps. In summary, a guanidinium-rich polymer showed a promise as a universal bioreceptor for bacteria and can be used on a paper microfluidic chip and smartphone quantification towards rapid and handheld detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangsik Kim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Anakaren Romero-Lozano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Dong Soo Hwang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673, Republic of Korea; Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Yeol Yoon
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States.
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156
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[Applications of microfluidic paper-based chips in environmental analysis and detection]. Se Pu 2021; 39:802-815. [PMID: 34212581 PMCID: PMC9404056 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2020.09004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
近年来,微流控纸芯片由于低成本、便携化、检测快等优点,在需要快速检测的环境分析领域中展现出了巨大的应用前景。该综述从微流控纸芯片在环境分析中的应用角度,总结归纳了微流控纸芯片在环境分析中的最新研究进展,并展望了其在未来的发展趋势与挑战。论文内容引用150余篇源于科学引文索引(SCI)与中文核心期刊中的相关论文。该综述包括微流控纸芯片在环境检测中的优势与制造方法介绍;电化学法、荧光法、比色法、表面增强拉曼法、集成传感法等基于纸芯片的先进分析方法介绍;根据环境分析目标物种类,如重金属离子、营养盐、农药、微生物、抗生素以及其他污染物等,对纸芯片的最新应用现状进行了举例评述;基于微流控纸芯片的环境分析研究的未来发展趋势和前景展望。通过综述近期相关研究,表明微流控纸芯片从提出至今虽然只有十几年的发展历程,但其在环境分析研究中的发展却十分迅速。微流控纸芯片可以根据不同的环境条件和检测要求灵活选择制作与分析方法,实现最佳的检测效果。但是微流控纸芯片也面临一些挑战,如纸张机械强度不足、流体控制程度不佳等问题。这些问题指出了微流控纸芯片在环境检测领域的发展趋势,相信随着不断深入的研究,纸芯片将会在未来的环境分析中发挥更大作用。
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157
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Abstract
Skin-interfaced wearable electronics can find a broad spectrum of applications in healthcare, human-machine interface, robotics, and others. The state-of-the-art wearable electronics usually suffer from costly and complex fabrication procedures and nonbiodegradable polymer substrates. Paper, comprising entangled micro- or nano-scale cellulose fibers, is compatible with scalable fabrication techniques and emerges as a sustainable, inexpensive, disposable, and biocompatible substrate for wearable electronics. Given various attractive properties (e.g., breathability, flexibility, biocompatibility, and biodegradability) and rich tunability of surface chemistry and porous structures, paper offers many exciting opportunities for wearable electronics. In this review, we first introduce the intriguing properties of paper-based wearable electronics and strategies for cellulose modifications to satisfy specific demands. We then overview the applications of paper-based devices in biosensing, energy storage and generation, optoelectronics, soft actuators, and several others. Finally, we discuss some challenges that need to be addressed before practical uses and wide implementation of paper-based wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Xu
- Department of Biomedical, Biological & Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Qihui Fei
- Department of Biomedical, Biological & Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Margaret Page
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Ganggang Zhao
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Yun Ling
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Samuel B Stoll
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Zheng Yan
- Department of Biomedical, Biological & Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.,Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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158
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Chauhan A, Toley BJ. Barrier-Free Microfluidic Paper Analytical Devices for Multiplex Colorimetric Detection of Analytes. Anal Chem 2021; 93:8954-8961. [PMID: 34126741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, microfluidic paper analytical devices (μPADs) have been extensively utilized to conduct multiplex colorimetric assays. Despite their simple and user-friendly operation, the need for patterning paper with wax or other physical barriers to create flow channels makes large-scale manufacturing cumbersome. Moreover, convection of rehydrated reagents in the test zones leads to nonuniform colorimetric signals, which makes quantification difficult. To overcome these challenges, we present a device called a barrier-free μPAD (BF-μPAD) that consists of a stack of two paper membranes having different wicking rates-the top layer acting as a fluid distributing layer and the bottom layer containing reagents for colorimetric detection. Multiple analytes can be detected using this assembly without the need to pattern either layer with wax or other barriers. In one embodiment, a device is capable of delivering the sample fluid to 20 distinct dried reagent spots stored on an 8 cm × 2 cm membrane in as few as 30 s. The multiplexing feature of the BF-μPAD is demonstrated for colorimetric detection of salivary thiocyanate, protein, glucose, and nitrite. Most importantly, the device improves the limit of detection of colorimetric assays performed on conventional μPADs by more than 3.5×. To understand fluid imbibition in the paper assembly, the device geometry is modeled in COMSOL Multiphysics using the Richards equation; the results obtained provide insights into the nonintuitive flow pattern producing perfectly uniform signals in the barrier-free assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Chauhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Bhushan J Toley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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159
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A New Direction in Microfluidics: Printed Porous Materials. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12060671. [PMID: 34201216 PMCID: PMC8229541 DOI: 10.3390/mi12060671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the feasibility of a novel direction for microfluidics is studied by demonstrating a set of new methods to fabricate microfluidic systems. Similarly to microfluidic paper-based analytical devices, porous materials are being used. However, alternative porous materials and different printing methods are used here to give the material the necessary pattern to act as a microfluidic system. In this work, microfluidic systems were produced by the following three separate methods: (1) by curing a porous monolithic polymer sheet into a necessary pattern with photolithography, (2) by screen printing silica gel particles with gypsum, and (3) by dispensing silica gel particles with polyvinyl acetate binder using a modified 3D printer. Different parameters of the printed chips were determined (strength of the printed material, printing accuracy, printed material height, wetting characteristics, repeatability) to evaluate whether the printed chips were suitable for use in microfluidics. All three approaches were found to be suitable, and therefore the novel approach to microfluidics was successfully demonstrated.
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160
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161
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Salva ML, Rocca M, Niemeyer CM, Delamarche E. Methods for immobilizing receptors in microfluidic devices: A review. MICRO AND NANO ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mne.2021.100085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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162
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Metabolic biomarker modeling for predicting clinical diagnoses through microfluidic paper-based analytical devices. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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163
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Portable microfluidic devices for in-field detection of pharmaceutical residues in water: Recent outcomes and current technological situation – A short review. CASE STUDIES IN CHEMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2020.100069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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164
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Flow Control in Porous Media: From Numerical Analysis to Quantitative μPAD for Ionic Strength Measurements. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21103328. [PMID: 34064828 PMCID: PMC8150341 DOI: 10.3390/s21103328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) are a promising technology to enable accurate and quantitative in situ assays. Paper’s inherent hydrophilicity drives the fluids without the need for external pressure sources. However, controlling the flow in the porous medium has remained a challenge. This study addresses this problem from the nature of the paper substrate and its design. A computational fluid dynamic model has been developed, which couples the characteristics of the porous media (fiber length, fiber diameter and porosity) to the fluidic performance of the diffusion-based µPAD sensor. The numerical results showed that for a given porous membrane, the diffusion, and therefore the sensor performance is affected not only by the substrate nature but also by the inlets’ orientation. Given a porous substrate, the optimum performance is achieved by the lowest inlets’ angle. A diffusion-based self-referencing colorimetric sensor was built and validated according to the design. The device is able to quantify the hydronium concentration in wines by comparison to 0.1–1.0 M tartaric acid solutions with a 41.3 mM limit of detection. This research showed that by proper adjustments even the simplest µPADs can be used in quantitative assays for agri-food applications.
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165
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Sasaki Y, Lyu X, Zhou Q, Minami T. Indicator Displacement Assay-based Chemosensor Arrays for Saccharides using Off-the-shelf Materials toward Simultaneous On-site Detection on Paper. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yui Sasaki
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Xiaojun Lyu
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Qi Zhou
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Minami
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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166
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Yadav S, Sharma NN, Akhtar J. Nucleic acid analysis on paper substrates (NAAPs): an innovative tool for Point of Care (POC) infectious disease diagnosis. Analyst 2021; 146:3422-3439. [PMID: 33904559 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00214g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The cost-effective rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases is an essential and important factor for curing such diseases in the global public health care picture. Owing to poor infrastructure and lack of sanitation, these diseases have an extreme impact on remote and rural areas, especially in developing countries, and there are unresolved challenges. Molecular diagnosis, such as nucleic acid analysis, plays a key role in the significant treatment of numerous infectious diseases. Current molecular diagnostic assays require a sophisticated laboratory setup with expensive components. Molecular diagnosis on a microfluidic point-of-care (POC) platform is attractive to researchers for disease detection with proper prevention. Compared to various microfluidic substrate materials, paper-based POC technologies offer significant cost-effective solutions over high-cost clinical instruments to fill the gap between the needs of users and affordability. Low-cost paper-based microfluidic POC technologies provide portable and disposable diagnostic systems for multiple disease detection that may be extremely useful in remote areas. This article presents a critical review of paper-based microfluidic device technology which has become an imminent platform to adjust the current health scenario for the detection of diseases using different stages of nucleic acid analysis, such as extraction, amplification and detection of nucleic acid, with future perspectives for paper substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Yadav
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, 303007, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Niti Nipun Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, 303007, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Jamil Akhtar
- Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, 303007, Rajasthan, India.
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167
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Yu H, Sun S, Tan X, Zhang L, Gao C. Modulating Charge Carrier Efficient Separation Enabled by Lewis Base Modification in Paper‐based Photoelectrochemical Sensor. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haihan Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of Jinan Jinan Shandong 250022 P.R. China
| | - Shubo Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Preparation and Measurement of Building Materials University of Jinan Jinan 250022 P.R. China
| | - Xiaoran Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of Jinan Jinan Shandong 250022 P.R. China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Preparation and Measurement of Building Materials University of Jinan Jinan 250022 P.R. China
| | - Chaomin Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of Jinan Jinan Shandong 250022 P.R. China
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168
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Xie L, Zan J, Yang Z, Wu Q, Chen X, Ou X, Lin C, Chen Q, Yang H. A Perovskite-Based Paper Microfluidic Sensor for Haloalkane Assays. Front Chem 2021; 9:682006. [PMID: 33981679 PMCID: PMC8107377 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.682006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of haloalkanes is of great industrial and scientific importance because some haloalkanes are found serious biological and atmospheric issues. The development of a flexible, wearable sensing device for haloalkane assays is highly desired. Here, we develop a paper-based microfluidic sensor to achieve low-cost, high-throughput, and convenient detection of haloalkanes using perovskite nanocrystals as a nanoprobe through anion exchanging. We demonstrate that the CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, or I) nanocrystals are selectively and sensitively in response to haloalkanes (CH2Cl2, CH2Br2), and their concentrations can be determined as a function of photoluminescence spectral shifts of perovskite nanocrystals. In particular, an addition of nucleophilic trialkyl phosphines (TOP) or a UV-photon-induced electron transfer from CsPbX3 nanocrystals is responsible for achieving fast sensing of haloalkanes. We further fabricate a paper-based multichannel microfluidic sensor to implement fast colorimetric assays of CH2Cl2 and CH2Br2. We also demonstrate a direct experimental observation on chemical kinetics of anion exchanging in lead-halide perovskite nanocrystals using a slow solvent diffusion strategy. Our studies may offer an opportunity to develop flexible, wearable microfluidic sensors for haloalkane sensing, and advance the in-depth fundamental understanding of the physical origin of anion-exchanged nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xie
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie Zan
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Yang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qinxia Wu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu Ou
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Caihou Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiushui Chen
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huanghao Yang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, China
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169
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Flores-Hernandez DR, Santamaria-Garcia VJ, Melchor-Martínez EM, Sosa-Hernández JE, Parra-Saldívar R, Bonilla-Rios J. Paper and Other Fibrous Materials-A Complete Platform for Biosensing Applications. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:128. [PMID: 33919464 PMCID: PMC8143474 DOI: 10.3390/bios11050128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Paper-based analytical devices (PADs) and Electrospun Fiber-Based Biosensors (EFBs) have aroused the interest of the academy and industry due to their affordability, sensitivity, ease of use, robustness, being equipment-free, and deliverability to end-users. These features make them suitable to face the need for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics, monitoring, environmental, and quality food control applications. Our work introduces new and experienced researchers in the field to a practical guide for fibrous-based biosensors fabrication with insight into the chemical and physical interaction of fibrous materials with a wide variety of materials for functionalization and biofunctionalization purposes. This research also allows readers to compare classical and novel materials, fabrication techniques, immobilization methods, signal transduction, and readout. Moreover, the examined classical and alternative mathematical models provide a powerful tool for bioanalytical device designing for the multiple steps required in biosensing platforms. Finally, we aimed this research to comprise the current state of PADs and EFBs research and their future direction to offer the reader a full insight on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jaime Bonilla-Rios
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Avenida Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico; (D.R.F.-H.); (V.J.S.-G.); (E.M.M.-M.); (J.E.S.-H.); (R.P.-S.)
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170
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Kim S, Yee E, Miller EA, Hao Y, Tay DMY, Sung KJ, Jia H, Johnson JM, Saeed M, Mace CR, Yurt DY, Sikes HD. Developing a SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Test Using Engineered Affinity Proteins. CHEMRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR CHEMISTRY 2021:14442785. [PMID: 34013166 PMCID: PMC8132241 DOI: 10.26434/chemrxiv.14442785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has clearly established how vital rapid, widely accessible diagnostic tests are in controlling infectious diseases and how difficult and slow it is to scale existing technologies. Here, we demonstrate the use of the rapid affinity pair identification via directed selection (RAPIDS) method to discover multiple affinity pairs for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N-protein), a biomarker of COVID-19, from in vitro libraries in 10 weeks. The pair with the highest biomarker sensitivity was then integrated into a 10-minute, vertical-flow cellulose paper test. Notably, the as-identified affinity proteins were compatible with a roll-to-roll printing process for large-scale manufacturing of tests. The test achieved 40 pM and 80 pM limits of detection in 1×PBS (mock swab) and saliva matrices spiked with cell-culture generated SARS-CoV-2 viruses and is also capable of detection of N-protein from characterized clinical swab samples. Hence, this work paves the way towards the mass production of cellulose paper-based assays which can address the shortages faced due to dependence on nitrocellulose and current manufacturing techniques. Further, the results reported herein indicate the promise of RAPIDS and engineered binder proteins for the timely and flexible development of clinically relevant diagnostic tests in response to emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyeon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Emma Yee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Eric A. Miller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yining Hao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dousabel M. Y. Tay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ki-Joo Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Huan Jia
- Antimicrobial Resistance Integrated Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | | | - Mohsan Saeed
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston, MA 02188, USA
| | - Charles R. Mace
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | | | - Hadley D. Sikes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Antimicrobial Resistance Integrated Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
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171
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Benedé JL, Chisvert A, Lucena R, Cárdenas S. Synergistic combination of polyamide-coated paper-based sorptive phase for the extraction of antibiotics in saliva. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1164:338512. [PMID: 33992212 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of analytical methods that allow the simultaneous determination of a wide range of analytes with different properties is one of the focuses of attention in Analytical Chemistry. This work describes a proof-of-concept of the synergistic extraction of a planar paper-based sorptive phase modified with a polyamide such as nylon. This as-prepared sorptive phase enables the extraction of six penicillin-derived antibiotics of different polarity from human saliva samples in the same analysis, since the analytes either interact with the paper or with the nylon. The synthesis of the sorptive phase is simple as it only requires dipping the paper into an organic solution of the polymer (i.e., nylon in formic acid). Then, the modified paper-based sorptive phase is introduced in an Eppendorf tube to perform the extraction of the analytes, and subsequent desorption and measurement by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Under the optimized extraction conditions, the method enables the determination of the analytes in saliva samples with limits of detection from 2.4 to 3.7 ng mL-1. Relative standard deviation (RSD) below 10% for all the target analytes and relative recoveries between 84 and 123% were achieved by using matrix-matched calibration. The results confirm the versatility and the synergistic extraction of the polyamide-coated paper-based sorptive phase, and its potential to be applied in bioanalysis. Moreover, the easy synthesis of the sorptive phase and the low cost of its preparation, as well as the high sample throughput analysis, are some of the main features of the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan L Benedé
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (anexo), E-14071, Córdoba, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Chisvert
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Lucena
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (anexo), E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Soledad Cárdenas
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (anexo), E-14071, Córdoba, Spain.
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172
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Al-Azzawi M, Mjalli FS, Husain A, Al-Dahhan M. A Review on the Hydrodynamics of the Liquid–Liquid Two-Phase Flow in the Microchannels. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marwah Al-Azzawi
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Muscat, Oman
| | - Farouq S. Mjalli
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Muscat, Oman
| | - Afzal Husain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Muscat, Oman
| | - Muthanna Al-Dahhan
- Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
- Mining and Nuclear Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
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173
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He M, Shang N, Shen L, Liu Z. A paper-supported sandwich immunosensor based on upconversion luminescence resonance energy transfer for the visual and quantitative determination of a cancer biomarker in human serum. Analyst 2021; 145:4181-4187. [PMID: 32400772 DOI: 10.1039/c9an02307k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a paper-supported analytical device based on a sandwich immunoreaction and luminescence resonance energy transfer (LRET) was reported for the visual and quantitative determination of a cancer biomarker, in which upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) were located on the surface of the paper as energy donors and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were used as energy acceptors. Upon the recognition of the cancer biomarker by two rationally selected antibodies, the upconversion luminescence was quenched by the AuNPs in a biomarker concentration-dependent manner. As a model target, CEA was detected using this immunosensor, and a linear relationship within 0.5-30 ng mL-1 was obtained in buffer solution, with a detection limit of 0.21 ng mL-1. The immunosensor was also applicable in 20-fold diluted human serum with a linear range of 0.5-30 ng mL-1 and a detection limit of 0.36 ng mL-1. This technique also realized the qualitative judgment of the critical concentration of CEA in serum samples by the naked eye. This approach displays great application potential for point-of-care testing in clinical applications, as well as the potentiality to be extended to other kinds of disease-related biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.
| | - Ning Shang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.
| | - Lin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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174
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Muhammed A, Hussen A, Redi M, Kaneta T. Remote Investigation of Total Chromium Determination in Environmental Samples of the Kombolcha Industrial Zone, Ethiopia, Using Microfluidic Paper-based Analytical Devices. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:585-592. [PMID: 33041309 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20p325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μ-PADs) fabricated in Japan were employed for the determination of total chromium (Cr) in water, soil, and lettuce irrigated with wastewater in Ethiopia. The μ-PADs, which were printed by wax printing in Japan, were transported to Ethiopia and prepared for the determination of total Cr by adding appropriate reagents to the pretreatment and detection zones. Soil and lettuce samples were determined by the μ-PADs and a UV-Vis spectrophotometer in Ethiopia. A paired t-test showed that the mean total Cr concentrations determined in the soil and lettuce samples were not significantly different between μ-PADs and UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis at the 5% level of significance. This implies that the μ-PADs have good accuracy and reliability, and could be employed to monitor Cr in environmental samples. We found that the total Cr concentrations in all soil and lettuce samples were above the permissible limit. Moreover, evaluating Cr contamination level using the geo-accumulation index indicated that the soils were contaminated with Cr moderately to heavily. Thus, the present work successfully demonstrated the potential of remote investigations of pollution in a less-equipped laboratory by transporting the μ-PADs fabricated in another laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellah Muhammed
- Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University
| | - Ahmed Hussen
- Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University
| | - Mesfin Redi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University
| | - Takashi Kaneta
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
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175
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Gölcez T, Kiliç V, Sen M. A Portable Smartphone-based Platform with an Offline Image-processing Tool for the Rapid Paper-based Colorimetric Detection of Glucose in Artificial Saliva. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:561-567. [PMID: 33012755 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20p262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) was integrated with a smartphone app capable of offline (without internet access) image processing and analysis for the rapid colorimetric detection of glucose. A self-inking stamp was used to form hydrophobic channels on a piece of paper-towel due to its superior water absorption efficiency. As demonstrated, the developed sensor was employed for the colorimetric detection of glucose in artificial saliva in the linear scope of 0 - 1 mM with a calculated detection limit of 29.65 μM. The experimental results show that the quantitative analysis of glucose with the proposed smartphone platform could be completed in less than one minute. The app developed for the smartphone platform is capable of extracting the color-changing area with an embedded image processing tool which could address the problem of color uniformity in the detection zones of μPAD. The integrated platform has great potential to be used for non-invasive measurements of glucose in body fluids, like tears, sweat and saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tansu Gölcez
- Biomedical Technologies Graduate Program, Izmir Katip Celebi University
| | - Volkan Kiliç
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Izmir Katip Celebi University
| | - Mustafa Sen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Izmir Katip Celebi University
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176
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Zhiyue M, Xichen Y, Li R, Yang Y, Huicheng F, Peng S. Recent advances in paper-based preconcentrators by utilizing ion concentration polarization. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1340-1351. [PMID: 33768593 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
One of the most cited limitations of biochemical detection is its poor sensitivity, owing to the relatively high complexity of micro-samples. Moreover, some samples cannot be easily self-replicated and their abundance cannot be increased through traditional technologies. Therefore, the preconcentration of low-abundance samples is a key requirement for microfluidic biological analysis. In recent years, the ion-concentration polarization phenomenon has aroused widespread interest in the application of microfluidic technology. In addition, paper-based materials are readily available, easy to modify, and exhibit good hydrophilicity. The study of the ion-concentration polarization preconcentration of micro-samples in paper-based microfluidic chips is of considerable significance. In this review, we discuss the development and applications of ion-concentration polarization paper-based preconcentrator in the past 5 years, with emphasis on key progresses in chip fabrication and performance optimization under different conditions. The current needs and development prospects in this field have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhiyue
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Xichen
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P. R. China.,Research and Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P. R. China.,Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Taicang, P. R. China
| | - Ren Li
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P. R. China.,Research and Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Feng Huicheng
- Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P. R. China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Shang Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P. R. China.,Research and Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P. R. China
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177
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Wang C, Liu M, Wang Z, Li S, Deng Y, He N. Point-of-care diagnostics for infectious diseases: From methods to devices. NANO TODAY 2021; 37:101092. [PMID: 33584847 PMCID: PMC7864790 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The current widespread of COVID-19 all over the world, which is caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, has again emphasized the importance of development of point-of-care (POC) diagnostics for timely prevention and control of the pandemic. Compared with labor- and time-consuming traditional diagnostic methods, POC diagnostics exhibit several advantages such as faster diagnostic speed, better sensitivity and specificity, lower cost, higher efficiency and ability of on-site detection. To achieve POC diagnostics, developing POC detection methods and correlated POC devices is the key and should be given top priority. The fast development of microfluidics, micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology, nanotechnology and materials science, have benefited the production of a series of portable, miniaturized, low cost and highly integrated POC devices for POC diagnostics of various infectious diseases. In this review, various POC detection methods for the diagnosis of infectious diseases, including electrochemical biosensors, fluorescence biosensors, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based biosensors, colorimetric biosensors, chemiluminiscence biosensors, surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensors, and magnetic biosensors, were first summarized. Then, recent progresses in the development of POC devices including lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices, lab-on-a-disc (LOAD) devices, microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs), lateral flow devices, miniaturized PCR devices, and isothermal nucleic acid amplification (INAA) devices, were systematically discussed. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives for the design and development of POC detection methods and correlated devices were presented. The ultimate goal of this review is to provide new insights and directions for the future development of POC diagnostics for the management of infectious diseases and contribute to the prevention and control of infectious pandemics like COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Zhifei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Song Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, PR China
| | - Yan Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, PR China
| | - Nongyue He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, PR China
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178
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Suea‐Ngam A, Choopara I, Li S, Schmelcher M, Somboonna N, Howes PD, deMello AJ. In Situ Nucleic Acid Amplification and Ultrasensitive Colorimetric Readout in a Paper-Based Analytical Device Using Silver Nanoplates. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001755. [PMID: 33251714 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, highly sensitive, and quantitative colorimetric paper-based analytical device (PAD) based on silver nanoplates (AgNPls) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is presented. It is shown that cauliflower-like concatemer LAMP products can mediate crystal etching of AgNPls, with a threefold signal enhancement versus linear dsDNA. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), an antimicrobial resistant bacterium that poses a formidable risk with persistently high mortality, is used as a model pathogen. Due to the excellent color contrast provided by AgNPls, the PAD allows qualitative analysis by the naked eye and quantitative analysis using a smartphone camera, with detection limits down to a single copy in just 30 min, and a linear response from 1 to 104 copies (R2 = 0.994). The entire assay runs in situ on the paper surface, which drastically simplifies operation of the device. This is the first demonstration of single copy detection using a colorimetric readout, and the developed PAD shows great promise for translation into an ultrasensitive gene-based point-of-care test for any infectious disease target, via modification of the LAMP primer set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akkapol Suea‐Ngam
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Zürich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Ilada Choopara
- Program in Biotechnology Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Shangkun Li
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Zürich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Mathias Schmelcher
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health ETH Zürich Zürich 8092 Switzerland
| | - Naraporn Somboonna
- Department of Microbiology Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- Microbiome Research Unit for Probiotics in Food and Cosmetics Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Philip D. Howes
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Zürich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Andrew J. deMello
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Zürich 8093 Switzerland
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179
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Abstract
Functional papers are the subject of extensive research efforts and have already become an irreplaceable part of our modern society. Among other issues, they enable fast and inexpensive detection of a plethora of analytes and simplify laboratory work, for example in medical tests. This article focuses on the molecular and structural fundamentals of paper and the possibilities of functionalization, commercially available assays and their production, as well as on current and future challenges in research in this field.
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180
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Zhang Z, Hamedpour V, Lyu X, Sasaki Y, Minami T. A Printed Paper-Based Anion Sensor Array for Multi-Analyte Classification: On-Site Quantification of Glyphosate. Chempluschem 2021; 86:798-802. [PMID: 33788401 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report a paper-based chemosensor array device (PCSAD) for the quantitative detection of oxyanions including the herbicide glyphosate (GlyP) in aqueous media. The mechanism of the oxyanion detection relies on a coordination-binding-based sensor array. In this study, the competitive coordination binding among Zn2+ , four catechol dyes, and seven oxyanions caused noticeable colour changes. The colour changes were employed for qualitative and quantitative analyses using an in-house automated image-processing algorithm with pattern recognition for digital images. A linear discrimination analysis discerned similarly structured oxyanions with 100 % accuracy. The regression analysis allowed the accurate quantification of GlyP in the herbicide products with a limit of detection of 16 mg/L, which is lower than the health advisory value for children (20 mg/L) stipulated by the environmental protection agency (EPA). PCSAD is a powerful sensor device for the on-site quantification of aqueous anions for environmental assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoujie Zhang
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, 153-8505, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Vahid Hamedpour
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, 153-8505, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiaojun Lyu
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, 153-8505, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Sasaki
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, 153-8505, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Minami
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, 153-8505, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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181
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Pungjunun K, Yakoh A, Chaiyo S, Praphairaksit N, Siangproh W, Kalcher K, Chailapakul O. Laser engraved microapillary pump paper-based microfluidic device for colorimetric and electrochemical detection of salivary thiocyanate. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:140. [PMID: 33772376 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04793-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A microcapillary grooved paper-based analytical device capable of dual-mode sensing (colorimetric and electrochemical detection) was demonstrated for analysis of viscous samples (e.g., human saliva). Herein, a hollow capillary channel was constructed via laser engraved micropatterning functions as a micropump to facilitate viscous fluidic transport, which would otherwise impede analysis on paper devices. Using salivary thiocyanate as a model analyte, the proposed device was found to exhibit a promising sensing ability on paper devices without the need for sample pretreatment or bulky instrumentation, as normally required in conventional methods used for saliva analysis. An extensive linear dynamic range covering detection of salivary thiocyanate for both high and trace level regimes (5 orders of magnitude working range) was collectively achieved using the dual-sensing modes. Under optimal conditions, the limit of detection was 6 μmol L-1 with a RSD of less than 5%. An excellent stability for the μpumpPAD was also observed for over 30 days. Real sample analysis using the proposed device was found to be in line with the standard chromatographic method. Benefitting from simple fabrication and operation, portability, disposability, low sample volume (20 μL), and low cost (< 1 USD), the μpumpPAD is an exceptional alternative tool for the detection of various biomarkers in saliva specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingkan Pungjunun
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Abdulhadee Yakoh
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sudkate Chaiyo
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- The Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Narong Praphairaksit
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Weena Siangproh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23, Wattana, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Kurt Kalcher
- Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens University, Universitätsplatz 1, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Orawon Chailapakul
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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182
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Carolina Rafanhin Sousa A, Nascimento Makara C, Canniatti Brazaca L, Carrilho E. A colorimetric microfluidic paper-based analytical device for sulfonamides in cow milk using enzymatic inhibition. Food Chem 2021; 356:129692. [PMID: 33819791 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To increase milk production, antibiotics are administered to animals to provide weight gain and to prevent or treat diseases. The inappropriate use of these substances can lead to antibiotic resistance and allergic reactions and toxic effects to milk consumers. We describe the development of a simple, fast, portable, and low-cost microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) to quantify sulfonamides in milk using the inhibition of the colorimetric reaction between carbonic anhydrase (CA) and 4-nitrophenyl acetate. The main advantages presented by the μPAD include reproducible batch production, simple application, and precise analysis without previous treatment. The µPAD displayed good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.986) in a wide range of sulfonamides in milk (2.5 to 40.0 µmol L-1), being selective for the drugs even in a highly complex matrix. We expect that this device allows in situ monitoring of milk quality, reducing the prejudicial conditions associated with high concentrations of sulfonamides in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Rafanhin Sousa
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica - INCTBio, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Cleyton Nascimento Makara
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica - INCTBio, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Laís Canniatti Brazaca
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica - INCTBio, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Emanuel Carrilho
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica - INCTBio, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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183
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Choopara I, Suea-Ngam A, Teethaisong Y, Howes PD, Schmelcher M, Leelahavanichkul A, Thunyaharn S, Wongsawaeng D, deMello AJ, Dean D, Somboonna N. Fluorometric Paper-Based, Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Devices for Quantitative Point-of-Care Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). ACS Sens 2021; 6:742-751. [PMID: 33439634 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has been widely used to detect many infectious diseases. However, minor inconveniences during the steps of adding reaction ingredients and lack of simple color results hinder point-of-care detection. We therefore invented a fluorometric paper-based LAMP by incorporating LAMP reagents, including a biotinylated primer, onto a cellulose membrane paper, with a simple DNA fluorescent dye incubation that demonstrated rapid and accurate results parallel to quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) methods. This technology allows for instant paper strip detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the laboratory and clinical samples. MRSA represents a major public health problem as it can cause infections in different parts of the human body and yet is resistant to commonly used antibiotics. In this study, we optimized LAMP reaction ingredients and incubation conditions following a central composite design (CCD) that yielded the shortest reaction time with high sensitivity. These CCD components and conditions were used to construct the paper-based LAMP reaction by immobilizing the biotinylated primer and the rest of the LAMP reagents to produce the ready-to-use MRSA diagnostic device. Our paper-based LAMP device could detect as low as 10 ag (equivalent to 1 copy) of the MRSA gene mecA within 36-43 min, was evaluated using both laboratory (individual cultures of MRSA and non-MRSA bacteria) and clinical blood samples to be 100% specific and sensitive compared to qPCR results, and had 35 day stability under 25 °C storage. Furthermore, the color readout allows for quantitation of MRSA copies. Hence, this device is applicable for point-of-care MRSA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilada Choopara
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Akkapol Suea-Ngam
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yothin Teethaisong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Philip D. Howes
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Schmelcher
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- STAR on Craniofacial and Skeleton Disorders, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sudaluck Thunyaharn
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Nakhonratchasima College, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Doonyapong Wongsawaeng
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Andrew J. deMello
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Dean
- Center for Immunobiology and Vaccine Development, UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California 94609, United States
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Naraporn Somboonna
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Microbiome Research Unit for Probiotics in Food and Cosmetics, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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184
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A three-dimensional pinwheel-shaped paper-based microfluidic analytical device for fluorescence detection of multiple heavy metals in coastal waters by rational device design. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:3299-3313. [PMID: 33758988 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03269-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we present the rational design of a pinwheel-shaped three-dimensional microfluidic paper-based analytical device (3D-μPAD) for specific, sensitive and multiplexed detection of heavy metals in coastal waters. A more homogeneous permeation of fluids along the chip than common design, even under unskilled performance, has been achieved by the elaborate chip design of the hydrostatic balancing inlet port and uniformly stressed reversible sealing. With the combination of ion imprinted polymer grafted CdTe quantum-dots and fluid accumulation pad, 4 metals (Cu2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, and Hg2+) in 1 analysis and 25-fold enrichment for each metal can be simultaneously performed within 20 min, with detection limits of 0.007-0.015 μg/L. It has the ability to selectively recognize these 4 metals in mixtures and immunizing to interferences from components found in coastal waters, which provided results that were in agreement with values gained from atomic absorption. The inexpensive and portable nature as well as the highly sensitive and flexible performance of the new developed 3D-μPAD could make it attractive as an on-site testing approach for marine environmental monitoring.
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185
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Katelakha K, Nopponpunth V, Boonlue W, Laiwattanapaisal W. A Simple Distance Paper-Based Analytical Device for the Screening of Lead in Food Matrices. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:90. [PMID: 33809868 PMCID: PMC8004165 DOI: 10.3390/bios11030090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A simple and rapid distance paper-based analytical device (dPAD) for the detection of lead (Pb) in foods is proposed herein. The assay principle is based on competitive binding between carminic acid (CA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) to Pb in a food sample. The paper channels were pre-immobilized with PEI, before reacting with a mixture of the sample and CA. Pb can strongly bind to the CA; hence, the length of the red color deposition on the flow channel decreased as a lower amount of free CA bound to PEI. The dPAD exhibited good linear correlation, with ranges of 5-100 µg·mL-1 (R2 = 0.974) of Pb. Although, the limit of detection (LOD) of this platform was rather high, at 12.3 µg·mL-1, a series of standard additions (8.0, 9.0, and 10.0 µg·mL-1) can be used to interpret the cutoff of Pb concentrations at higher or lower than 2 µg·mL-1. The presence of common metal ions such as calcium, magnesium, nickel, and zinc did not interfere with the color distance readout. The validity of the developed dPAD was demonstrated by its applicability to screen the contamination of Pb in century egg samples. The results obtained from the dPAD are in accordance with the concentration measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) (n = 9). In conclusion, this proposed dPAD, combined with the standard addition method, could be applied for screening Pb contamination in food matrices. This platform is, therefore, potentially applicable for field measurements of Pb in developing countries, because it is cheap and rapid, and it requires no significant laborious instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasinee Katelakha
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Vanida Nopponpunth
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- The Halal Science Center, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Watcharee Boonlue
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Biosensors and Bioanalytical Technology for Cells and Innovative Testing Device Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wanida Laiwattanapaisal
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Biosensors and Bioanalytical Technology for Cells and Innovative Testing Device Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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186
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Abstract
Over the past decades, microfluidic devices based on many advanced techniques have aroused widespread attention in the fields of chemical, biological, and analytical applications. Integration of microdevices with a variety of chip designs will facilitate promising functionality. Notably, the combination of microfluidics with functional nanomaterials may provide creative ideas to achieve rapid and sensitive detection of various biospecies. In this review, focused on the microfluids and microdevices in terms of their fabrication, integration, and functions, we summarize the up-to-date developments in microfluidics-based analysis of biospecies, where biomarkers, small molecules, cells, and pathogens as representative biospecies have been explored in-depth. The promising applications of microfluidic biosensors including clinical diagnosis, food safety control, and environmental monitoring are also discussed. This review aims to highlight the importance of microfluidics-based biosensors in achieving high throughput, highly sensitive, and low-cost analysis and to promote microfluidics toward a wider range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Xing
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Linlu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Ziyi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Chuanzhu Lv
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Feifei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Fabiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
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187
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Le NN, Phan HCT, Dang DMT, Dang CM. Fabrication of Miniaturized Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices for Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays using INKJET Printing. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683821020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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188
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Rossini EL, Milani MI, Lima LS, Pezza HR. Paper microfluidic device using carbon dots to detect glucose and lactate in saliva samples. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 248:119285. [PMID: 33310613 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bioanalyses are commonly performed with blood or serum samples. However, these analyses often require invasive and painful blood collection using a needle or finger pricking. Saliva is an alternative and very attractive biological medium for performing clinical analyses, since it contains many types of clinically relevant biomarkers and compounds. Its collection is straightforward and can be achieved in a non-invasive and stress-free way. However, the analytes are frequently present at low concentrations, while the viscosity of whole saliva hinders its analysis using paper devices, especially those with multiple layers (3D-μPADs). This work explores the use of a simple, fast, and low-cost saliva sample pretreatment using a cotton-paper-syringe filtration system, allowing the analysis of saliva samples using multilayer paper devices. The proposed methodology employs the oxidation of glucose and lactate, catalyzed by specific oxidase enzymes, producing hydrogen peroxide. The detection is based on the fluorescence quenching of carbon dots in the presence of hydrogen peroxidase. The concentrations of the analytes showed good linear correlations with the fluorescence quenching, with LODs of 2.60 × 10-6 and 8.14 × 10-7 mol L-1 for glucose and lactate, respectively. The proposed method presented satisfactory intra-day and inter-day repeatabilities, with %RSD values in the range 3.82-6.61%. The enzymatic systems proved to be specific for the analytes and the matrix had no significant influence on the glucose and lactate determinations. The proposed methodology was successfully applied to saliva and serum samples and was validated using certified material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Luiz Rossini
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni 55, C.P. 355, 14800-900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Izabel Milani
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni 55, C.P. 355, 14800-900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Liliane Spazzapam Lima
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni 55, C.P. 355, 14800-900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena Redigolo Pezza
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni 55, C.P. 355, 14800-900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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189
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Costa-Rama E, Fernández-Abedul MT. Paper-Based Screen-Printed Electrodes: A New Generation of Low-Cost Electroanalytical Platforms. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:51. [PMID: 33669316 PMCID: PMC7920281 DOI: 10.3390/bios11020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Screen-printed technology has helped considerably to the development of portable electrochemical sensors since it provides miniaturized but robust and user-friendly electrodes. Moreover, this technology allows to obtain very versatile transducers, not only regarding their design, but also their ease of modification. Therefore, in the last decades, the use of screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) has exponentially increased, with ceramic as the main substrate. However, with the growing interest in the use of cheap and widely available materials as the basis of analytical devices, paper or other low-cost flat materials have become common substrates for SPEs. Thus, in this revision, a comprehensive overview on paper-based SPEs used for analytical proposes is provided. A great variety of designs is reported, together with several examples to illustrate the main applications.
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190
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Narayanamurthy V, Jeroish ZE, Bhuvaneshwari KS, Samsuri F. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) diagnosis via microfluidics. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:740-763. [PMID: 33511975 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay02045a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Humans are subjected to various diseases; hence, proper diagnosis helps avoid further disease consequences. One such severe issue that could cause significant damage to the human liver is the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Several techniques are available to detect HCV under various categories, such as detection through antibodies, antigens, and RNA. Although immunoassays play a significant role in discovering hepatitis viruses, there is a need for point-of-care tests (POCT). Some developing strategies are required to ensure the appropriate selection of POCT for HCV detection, initiate appropriate antiviral therapy, and define associated risks, which will be critical in achieving optimal outcomes. Though molecular assays are precise, reproducible, sensitive, and specific, alternative strategies are required to enhance HCV diagnosis among the infected population. Herein, we described and assessed the potential of various microfluidic detection techniques and confirmatory approaches used in present communities. In addition, current key market players in HCV chip-based diagnosis and the future perspectives on the basis of which the diagnosis can be made easier are presented in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vigneswaran Narayanamurthy
- Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Elektrik dan Elektronik, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia.
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191
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Pesaran S, Rafatmah E, Hemmateenejad B. An All-in-One Solid State Thin-Layer Potentiometric Sensor and Biosensor Based on Three-Dimensional Origami Paper Microfluidics. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:44. [PMID: 33579006 PMCID: PMC7916752 DOI: 10.3390/bios11020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
An origami three-dimensional design of a paper-based potentiometric sensor is described. In its simplest form, this electrochemical paper-based analytical device (ePAD) is made from three small parts of the paper. Paper layers are folded on each other for the integration of a solid contact ion selective electrode (here a carbon-paste composite electrode) and a solid-state pseudo-reference electrode (here writing pencil 6B on the paper), which are in contact with a hydrophilic channel fabricated on the middle part (third part) of the paper. In this case, the pseudo-reference and working electrodes are connected to the two sides of the hydrophilic channel and hence the distance between them is as low as the width of paper. The unmodified carbon paste electrode (UCPE) and modification with the crown ether benzo15-crown-5 (B15C5) represented a very high sensitivity to Cu (II) and Cd2+ ions, respectively. The sensor responded to H2O2 using MnO2-doped carbon paste electrode (CPE). Furthermore, a biosensor was achieved by the addition of glucose oxidase to the MnO2-doped CPE and hence made it selective to glucose with ultra-sensitivity. In addition to very high sensitivity, our device benefits from consuming a very low volume of sample (10.0 µL) and automatic sampling without need for sampling devices.
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192
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Tharayil A, Rajakumari R, Chirayil CJ, Thomas S, Kalarikkal N. A short review on nanotechnology interventions against COVID-19. EMERGENT MATERIALS 2021; 4:131-141. [PMID: 33554045 PMCID: PMC7856851 DOI: 10.1007/s42247-021-00163-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 has affected all major aspects of the society in a global perspective. The role of nanotechnology is much sought after in fighting this pandemic. Advanced materials based on nanotechnology are the basis of several technologies starting from masks and personal protection equipment to specific diagnostic tools that could diminish the impact of COVID-19. Development of nanotechnology-based products is therefore an absolute necessity for fight against COVID-19. We examine the fundamental concepts related to virology, histopathologic findings and how nanotechnology can help in fighting the disease. In this review we discuss the state of the art and ongoing nanotechnology-based strategies like antiviral coatings, 3D printing and therapeutics to fight against this deadly disease. The importance of using nanoparticles in point of care tests and biosensors is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhimanyu Tharayil
- School of Energy Materials, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560 India
| | - R. Rajakumari
- International and Inter-University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560 India
| | | | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Energy Materials, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560 India
- International and Inter-University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560 India
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560 India
| | - Nandakumar Kalarikkal
- International and Inter-University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560 India
- School of Pure and Applied Physics, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560 India
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193
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Li M, Wang L, Liu R, Li J, Zhang Q, Shi G, Li Y, Hou C, Wang H. A highly integrated sensing paper for wearable electrochemical sweat analysis. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 174:112828. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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194
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Rath D, Toley BJ. Modeling-Guided Design of Paper Microfluidic Networks: A Case Study of Sequential Fluid Delivery. ACS Sens 2021; 6:91-99. [PMID: 33382580 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Paper-based microfluidic devices are popular for their ability to automate multistep assays for chemical or biological sensing at a low cost, but the design of paper microfluidic networks has largely relied on experimental trial and error. A few mathematical models of flow through paper microfluidic devices have been developed and have succeeded in explaining experimental flow behavior. However, the reverse engineering problem of designing complex paper networks guided by appropriate mathematical models is largely unsolved. In this article, we demonstrate that a two-dimensional paper network (2DPN) designed to sequentially deliver three fluids to a test zone on the device can be computationally designed and experimentally implemented without experimental trial and error. This was accomplished by three new developments in modeling flow through paper networks: (i) coupling of the Richards equation of flow through porous media to the species transport equation, (ii) modeling flow through assemblies of multiple paper materials (test membrane and wicking pad), and (iii) incorporating limited-volume fluid sources. We demonstrate the application of this model in the optimal design of a paper-based signal-enhanced immunoassay for a malaria protein, PfHRP2. This work lays the foundation for the development of a computational design toolbox to aid in the design of paper microfluidic networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharitri Rath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, C V Raman Avenue, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Bhushan J. Toley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, C V Raman Avenue, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
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195
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Bendicho C, Lavilla I, Pena-Pereira F, de la Calle I, Romero V. Nanomaterial-Integrated Cellulose Platforms for Optical Sensing of Trace Metals and Anionic Species in the Environment. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:E604. [PMID: 33467146 PMCID: PMC7830103 DOI: 10.3390/s21020604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of disposable sensors that can be easily adapted to every analytical problem is currently a hot topic that is revolutionizing many areas of science and technology. The need for decentralized analytical measurements at real time is increasing for solving problems in areas such as environment pollution, medical diagnostic, food quality assurance, etc., requiring fast action. Despite some current limitations of these devices, such as insufficient detection capability at (ultra)trace level and risk of interferent effects due to matrix, they allow low-cost analysis, portability, low sample consumption, and fast response. In the last years, development of paper-based analytical devices has undergone a dramatic increase for on-site detection of toxic metal ions and other pollutants. Along with the great availability of cellulose substrates, the immobilization of receptors providing enhanced recognition ability, such as a variety of nanomaterials, has driven the design of novel sensing approaches. This review is aimed at describing and discussing the different possibilities arisen with the use of different nanoreceptors (e.g., plasmonic nanoparticles, quantum dots, carbon-based fluorescent nanoparticles, etc.) immobilized onto cellulose-based substrates for trace element detection, their advantages and shortcomings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Bendicho
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Analítica y Alimentaria, Grupo QA2, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (I.L.); (F.P.-P.); (I.d.l.C.); (V.R.)
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196
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Ding R, Cheong YH, Ahamed A, Lisak G. Heavy Metals Detection with Paper-Based Electrochemical Sensors. Anal Chem 2021; 93:1880-1888. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyu Ding
- College of Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Residues and Resource Reclamation Center, 1 Cleantech Loop, Cleantech, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Yi Heng Cheong
- College of Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Residues and Resource Reclamation Center, 1 Cleantech Loop, Cleantech, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Ashiq Ahamed
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Residues and Resource Reclamation Center, 1 Cleantech Loop, Cleantech, Singapore 637141, Singapore
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Grzegorz Lisak
- College of Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Residues and Resource Reclamation Center, 1 Cleantech Loop, Cleantech, Singapore 637141, Singapore
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197
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Su S, Mo Z, Tan G, Wen H, Chen X, Hakeem DA. PAA Modified Upconversion Nanoparticles for Highly Selective and Sensitive Detection of Cu 2+ Ions. Front Chem 2021; 8:619764. [PMID: 33490041 PMCID: PMC7821086 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.619764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of the Cu2+ ions is crucial because of its environmental and biological implications. The fluorescent-based organic sensors are not suitable for Cu2+ detection due to their short penetration depth caused by the UV/visible excitation source. Therefore, we have demonstrated a highly sensitive and selective near-infrared (NIR) excitable poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) coated upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) based sensor for Cu2+ detection. We construct the PAA modified Na(Yb, Nd)F4@Na(Yb, Gd)F4:Tm@NaGdF4 core-shell-shell structured UCNPs based sensor via a co-precipitation route. The upconversion emission intensity of the PAA-UCNPs decreases linearly with the increase in the Cu2+ concentration from 0.125 to 3.125 μM due to the copper carboxylate complex formation between Cu2+ and PAA-UCNPs. The calculated detection limit of the PAA-UCNPs based sensor is 0.1 μM. The PAA-UCNPs based sensor is very sensitive and selective toward detecting the Cu2+ ions, even when the Cu2+ co-exist with other metal ions. The EDTA addition has significantly reversed the upconversion emission quenching by forming the EDTA-Cu2+ complex based on their greater affinity toward the Cu2+. Therefore, the PAA-UCNPs based sensor can be a promising candidate for Cu2+ detection because of their higher sensitivity and selectivity under 980 nm NIR excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoshan Su
- Key Laboratory of Clean Chemistry Technology of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhurong Mo
- Key Laboratory of Clean Chemistry Technology of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guizhen Tan
- Key Laboratory of Clean Chemistry Technology of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongli Wen
- Key Laboratory of Clean Chemistry Technology of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clean Chemistry Technology of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Deshmukh A Hakeem
- Key Laboratory of Clean Chemistry Technology of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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198
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Kawai Y, Shirai A, Kakuta M, Idegami K, Sueyoshi K, Endo T, Hisamoto H. Inkjet Printing-Based Immobilization Method for a Single-Step and Homogeneous Competitive Immunoassay in Microchannel Arrays. Front Chem 2021; 8:612132. [PMID: 33409267 PMCID: PMC7779625 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.612132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report an inkjet printing-based method for the immobilization of different reactive analytical reagents on a single microchannel for a single-step and homogeneous solution-based competitive immunoassay. The immunoassay microdevice is composed of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) microchannel that is patterned using inkjet printing by two types of reactive reagents as dissolvable spots, namely, antibody-immobilized graphene oxide and a fluorescently labeled antigen. Since nanoliter-sized droplets of the reagents could be accurately and position-selectively spotted on the microchannel, different reactive reagents were simultaneously immobilized onto the same microchannel, which was difficult to achieve in previously reported capillary-based single-step bioassay devices. In the present study, the positions of the reagent spots and amount of reagent matrix were investigated to demonstrate the stable and reproducible immobilization and a uniform dissolution. Finally, a preliminary application to a single-step immunoassay of C-reactive protein was demonstrated as a proof of concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kawai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shirai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Kenji Sueyoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Endo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hisamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
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199
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Li W, Zhang X, Li T, Ji Y, Li R. Molecularly imprinted polymer-enhanced biomimetic paper-based analytical devices: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1148:238196. [PMID: 33516379 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The popularization of paper-based analytical devices (PADs) in analytical science has fostered research on enhancing their analytical performance for accurate and sensitive assays. With their superb recognition capability and structural stability, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been extensively employed as biomimetic receptors for capturing target analytes in various complex matrices. The integration of MIPs as recognition elements with PADs (MIP-PADs) has opened new opportunities for advanced analytical devices with elevated selectivity and sensitivity, as well as a shorter assay time and a lower cost. This review covers recent advances in MIP-PAD fabrication and engineering based on multifarious signal transduction systems such as colorimetry, fluorescence, electrochemistry, photoelectrochemistry, and chemiluminescence. The application of MIP-PADs in the fields of biomedical diagnostics, environmental analysis, and food safety monitoring is also reviewed. Further, the advantages, challenges, and perspectives of MIP-PADs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Li
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yibing Ji
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Ruijun Li
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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200
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Hall LS, Hwang D, Chen B, Van Belle B, Johnson ZT, Hondred JA, Gomes CL, Bartlett MD, Claussen JC. All-graphene-based open fluidics for pumpless, small-scale fluid transport via laser-controlled wettability patterning. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:24-32. [PMID: 33165477 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00376j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Open microfluidics have emerged as a low-cost, pumpless alternative strategy to conventional microfluidics for delivery of fluid for a wide variety of applications including rapid biochemical analysis and medical diagnosis. However, creating open microfluidics by tuning the wettability of surfaces typically requires sophisticated cleanroom processes that are unamenable to scalable manufacturing. Herein, we present a simple approach to develop open microfluidic platforms by manipulating the surface wettability of spin-coated graphene ink films on flexible polyethylene terephthalate via laser-controlled patterning. Wedge-shaped hydrophilic tracks surrounded by superhydrophobic walls are created within the graphene films by scribing micron-sized grooves into the graphene with a CO2 laser. This scribing process is used to make superhydrophobic walls (water contact angle ∼160°) that delineate hydrophilic tracks (created through an oxygen plasma pretreatment) on the graphene for fluid transport. These all-graphene open microfluidic tracks are capable of transporting liquid droplets with a velocity of 20 mm s-1 on a level surface and uphill at elevation angles of 7° as well as transporting fluid in bifurcating cross and tree branches. The all-graphene open microfluidic manufacturing technique is rapid and amenable to scalable manufacturing, and consequently offers an alternative pumpless strategy to conventional microfluidics and creates possibilities for diverse applications in fluid transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas S Hall
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, 528 Bissell Rd, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
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