151
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Pirok BW, Abdulhussain N, Brooijmans T, Nabuurs T, de Bont J, Schellekens MA, Peters RA, Schoenmakers PJ. Analysis of charged acrylic particles by on-line comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography and automated data-processing. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1054:184-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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152
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Wouters B, Pirok BW, Soulis D, Garmendia Perticarini RC, Fokker S, van den Hurk RS, Skolimowski M, Peters RA, Schoenmakers PJ. On-line microfluidic immobilized-enzyme reactors: A new tool for characterizing synthetic polymers. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1053:62-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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153
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Segura PA, Racine M, Gravel A, Eysseric E, Grégoire AM, Rawach D, Teysseire FX. Impact of method parameters on the performance of suspect screening for the identification of trace organic contaminants in surface waters. CAN J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2018-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The performance of a suspect screening method to detect diverse small-molecule trace organic contaminants (TOCs) was systematically evaluated using a set of 39 model compounds. Experiments showed that ionization efficiency, ion transfer parameters, and chromatography could affect the detection of TOCs. As expected, compounds with low ionization yields and poorly retained compounds in chromatographic columns are more difficult to identify in the samples at environmental concentrations. Similarly, TOCs with large deviations from the average mass of the compounds screened were not transmitted efficiently in the mass spectrometer thus negatively affecting their detection. The suspect screening method was validated in terms of recovery and limits of identification of the model compounds using three different types of solid-phase extraction cartridges (reversed phase with polar groups, mixed-mode anion exchange, and mixed mode cation exchange). Experiments showed that more than two-thirds of the model compounds had recoveries >75% with each of the three cartridges, and comparison of limits of identification showed that more than one-half of the model compounds could be identified at concentrations between 6 and 100 ng L−1. However, it was observed that the amount of co-extracted compounds was higher in mixed-mode ion exchangers compared with the reversed-phase cartridge. Application of the suspect screening method using the three different cartridges to surface water samples showed that between 0 to 3% of the positive matches found by the peak identification algorithm were classified as probable structures. Solutions to improve suspect screening of TOCs are proposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A. Segura
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Mathieu Racine
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Alexia Gravel
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Eysseric
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Grégoire
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Diane Rawach
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - François-Xavier Teysseire
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
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154
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Schwaiger M, Schoeny H, El Abiead Y, Hermann G, Rampler E, Koellensperger G. Merging metabolomics and lipidomics into one analytical run. Analyst 2019; 144:220-229. [PMID: 30411762 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01219a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel integrated metabolomics/lipidomics workflow is introduced enabling high coverage of polar metabolites and non-polar lipids within one analytical run. Dual HILIC and RP chromatography were combined to high-resolution mass spectrometry. As a major advantage, only one data file per sample was obtained by fully automated simultaneous analysis of two extracts per sample. Hence, the unprecedented high coverage without compromise on analytical throughput was not only obtained by the orthogonality of the chromatographic separations, but also by the implementation of dedicated sample preparation procedures resulting in optimum extraction efficiency for both sub-omes. Thus, the method addressed completely hydrophilic sugars and organic acids next to water-insoluble triglycerides. As for the timing of the dual chromatography setup, HILIC and RP separation were performed consecutively. However, re-equilibration of the HILIC column during elution of RP compounds and vice versa reduced the overall analysis time by one third to 32 min. Application to the Standard Reference Material SRM 1950 - Metabolites in Frozen Human Plasma resulted in >100 metabolite and >380 lipid identifications based on accurate mass implementing fast polarity switching and acquiring data dependent MS2 spectra with the use of automated exclusion lists. Targeted quantification based on external calibrations and 13C labeled yeast internal standards was successfully accomplished for 59 metabolites. Moreover, the potential for lipid quantification was shown integrating non-endogenous lipids as internal standards. In human plasma, concentrations ranging over 4 orders of magnitude (low nM to high μM) were assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Schwaiger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria. and Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria and Chemistry Meets Microbiology, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Schoeny
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria. and Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria and Chemistry Meets Microbiology, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yasin El Abiead
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria. and Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria and Chemistry Meets Microbiology, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerrit Hermann
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria. and ISOtopic solutions, Waehringerstr. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Evelyn Rampler
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria. and Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria and Chemistry Meets Microbiology, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gunda Koellensperger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria. and Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria and Chemistry Meets Microbiology, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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155
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Pirok BWJ, Stoll DR, Schoenmakers PJ. Recent Developments in Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography: Fundamental Improvements for Practical Applications. Anal Chem 2019; 91:240-263. [PMID: 30380827 PMCID: PMC6322149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bob W. J. Pirok
- University
of Amsterdam, van ’t Hoff
Institute for Molecular Sciences, Analytical-Chemistry Group, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- TI-COAST, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dwight R. Stoll
- Department
of Chemistry, Gustavus Adolphus College, Saint Peter, Minnesota 56082, United States
| | - Peter J. Schoenmakers
- University
of Amsterdam, van ’t Hoff
Institute for Molecular Sciences, Analytical-Chemistry Group, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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156
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Haidar Ahmad IA, Chen W, Halsey HM, Klapars A, Limanto J, Pirrone GF, Nowak T, Bennett R, Hartman R, Makarov AA, Mangion I, Regalado EL. Multi-column ultra-high performance liquid chromatography screening with chaotropic agents and computer-assisted separation modeling enables process development of new drug substances. Analyst 2019; 144:2872-2880. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an02499e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Streamlined workflow for method development and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenyong Chen
- Process Research and Development
- MRL
- Merck & Co
- Inc
- Rahway
| | | | - Artis Klapars
- Process Research and Development
- MRL
- Merck & Co
- Inc
- Rahway
| | - John Limanto
- Process Research and Development
- MRL
- Merck & Co
- Inc
- Rahway
| | | | - Timothy Nowak
- Process Research and Development
- MRL
- Merck & Co
- Inc
- Rahway
| | | | | | | | - Ian Mangion
- Process Research and Development
- MRL
- Merck & Co
- Inc
- Rahway
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157
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A multidimensional analytical approach based on time-decoupled online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the analysis of ginsenosides from white and red ginsengs. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 163:24-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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158
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Wahab MF, O’Haver TC, Gritti F, Hellinghausen G, Armstrong DW. Increasing chromatographic resolution of analytical signals using derivative enhancement approach. Talanta 2019; 192:492-499. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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159
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Pulsed elution modulation for on-line comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupling reversed phase liquid chromatography and hydrophilic interaction chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1583:98-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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160
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Lin H, Wang Y, Wang T, Wu D, Li G, Deng C. Combined analysis of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol and cotinine in urine by heart cutting two-dimensional LC-MS/MS. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201800117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaqing Lin
- Technology Center of Shanghai Tobacco Group; Shanghai P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yangzhong Wang
- Technology Center of Shanghai Tobacco Group; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Tiannan Wang
- Technology Center of Shanghai Tobacco Group; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Da Wu
- Technology Center of Shanghai Tobacco Group; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Technology Center of Shanghai Tobacco Group; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Deng
- Department of Chemistry; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai P. R. China
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161
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Simultaneously targeted and untargeted multicomponent characterization of Erzhi Pill by offline two-dimensional liquid chromatography/quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1584:87-96. [PMID: 30473109 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale targeted and untargeted metabolites characterization can be achieved by feat of different liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS) platforms by multiple MS experiments or using data-independent acquisition followed by precursor-product ions matching based on certain algorithms. The resulting insufficiency in efficiency and availability greatly restricts the applicability of these strategies in large-scale profiling and identification of various metabolites. A strategy simultaneously enabling both the targeted and untargeted metabolites characterization is established on a Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer, by integrating precursor ions list-triggered data-dependent MS2 acquisition (PIL/dd-MS2) of the targeted components and using the "If idle-pick others" (IIPO) function to induce untargeted metabolites fragmentation. A compounds-specific mass defect filter (MDF) algorithm is proposed as a method to generate the PIL. As a proof of concept, this strategy coupled with offline two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) was applied to identify the multicomponents of a traditional Chinese medicine formula Erzhi Pill (EZP). A rigid MDF vehicle was elaborated by orthogonal screening of the integer mass and integer mass-dependent dynamic mass defects considering a variation of 20 ppm. The Full MS/dd-MS2 method enabling PIL and IIPO exhibited better performance than Full MS/dd-MS2 and Targeted SIM/dd-MS2 (selected ion monitoring) in respect of the sensitivity in identifying the targeted components and the ability to characterize more untargeted ones. As a consequence, 270 components were separated from EZP, and 146 thereof were selectively characterized. In conclusion, it is a practical, multifaced strategy facilitating the in-depth metabolites profiling and characterization of complex herbal and biological samples.
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162
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Pirok BWJ, Molenaar SRA, Roca LS, Schoenmakers PJ. Peak-Tracking Algorithm for Use in Automated Interpretive Method-Development Tools in Liquid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2018; 90:14011-14019. [PMID: 30396266 PMCID: PMC6282104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A peak-tracking algorithm
for chromatograms recorded using liquid
chromatography and mass spectrometry was developed. Peaks are tracked
across chromatograms using the spectrometric information, the statistical
moments of the chromatographic peaks, and the relative retention.
The algorithm can be applied to pair chromatographic peaks in two
very different chromatograms, obtained for different samples using
different methods. A fast version of the algorithm was specifically
tailored to process chromatograms obtained during method development
or optimization, where a few similar mobile-phase-composition gradients
(same eluent components, but different ranges and programming rates)
are applied to the same sample for the purpose of obtaining model
parameters to describe the retention of sample components. Due to
the relative similarity between chromatograms, time-saving preselection
protocols can be used to locate a candidate peak in another chromatogram.
The algorithm was applied to two different samples featuring isomers.
The automatically tracked peaks and the resulting retention parameters
generally yielded prediction errors of less than 1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob W J Pirok
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Analytical Chemistry Group , University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904 , 1098 XH Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,TI-COAST , Science Park 904 , 1098 XH Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Stef R A Molenaar
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Analytical Chemistry Group , University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904 , 1098 XH Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Liana S Roca
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Analytical Chemistry Group , University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904 , 1098 XH Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Schoenmakers
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Analytical Chemistry Group , University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904 , 1098 XH Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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163
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D’Atri V, Fekete S, Clarke A, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D. Recent Advances in Chromatography for Pharmaceutical Analysis. Anal Chem 2018; 91:210-239. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina D’Atri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Szabolcs Fekete
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Clarke
- Novartis Pharma AG, Technical Research and Development, Chemical and Analytical Development (CHAD), Basel, CH4056, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Veuthey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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164
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Eckberg MN, Arroyo-Mora LE, Stoll DR, DeCaprio AP. Separation and Identification of Isomeric and Structurally Related Synthetic Cannabinoids Using 2D Liquid Chromatography and High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol 2018; 43:170-178. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bky081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) are emerging drugs of abuse that are variations of existing compounds intended to cause a CNS psychotropic effect. Some NPS are so comparable in structure and physicochemical properties that they co-elute using traditional single column chromatographic techniques and therefore will not be detected as individual compounds. 2D liquid chromatography (2D-LC) has demonstrated applicability in difficult separations of small molecules and compounds in complex mixtures. It was hypothesized that this technique could also be used to separate co-eluting isomeric and structurally related, non-isomeric NPS, including synthetic cannabinoids (SC). Initial studies assessed several parameters, including column type, mobile phase, analysis time, gradient and flow rate, to optimize a 2D-LC method for separation and analysis of SC. The final comprehensive on-line 2D-LC method employed a Bonus-RP column in the first dimension (1D) coupled with UV detection and a biphenyl column in the second dimension (2D) coupled with QTOF-MS detection in full scan positive mode. To test the utility of the method, three SC mixes were created, each containing five compounds that were unresolvable in a traditional, 1D-LC separation; one mix with isomeric compounds and two with structurally related but non-isomeric compounds. Contour plots of UV absorbance in 1D and MS ion intensity in 2D demonstrated that all components in each mixture were successfully resolved using the 2D-LC separation method. This research serves as proof-of-concept for the application of 2D-LC to the separation of isomeric and structurally related SC. With further optimization and validation, 2D-LC may be a generally useful tool for separation of complex mixtures of NPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie N Eckberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and International Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL, USA
| | - Luis E Arroyo-Mora
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and International Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL, USA
| | - Dwight R Stoll
- Department of Chemistry, Gustavus Adolphus College, 800 West College Ave., Saint Peter, MN, USA
| | - Anthony P DeCaprio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and International Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL, USA
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165
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Bäurer S, Guo W, Polnick S, Lämmerhofer M. Simultaneous Separation of Water- and Fat-Soluble Vitamins by Selective Comprehensive HILIC × RPLC (High-Resolution Sampling) and Active Solvent Modulation. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3615-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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166
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Ramzi A, Ahmadi H, Sadiktsis I, Nilsson U. A two-dimensional non-comprehensive reversed/normal phase high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry system for determination of limonene and linalool hydroperoxides. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1566:102-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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167
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Groeneveld G, Dunkle MN, Rinken M, Gargano AF, de Niet A, Pursch M, Mes EP, Schoenmakers PJ. Characterization of complex polyether polyols using comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography hyphenated to high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1569:128-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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168
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Navarro-Reig M, Jaumot J, Tauler R. An untargeted lipidomic strategy combining comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography and chemometric analysis. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1568:80-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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169
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Evaluation of active solvent modulation to enhance two-dimensional liquid chromatography for target analysis in polymeric matrices. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1562:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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170
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Woiwode U, Ferri M, Maier NM, Lindner W, Lämmerhofer M. Complementary enantioselectivity profiles of chiral cinchonan carbamate selectors with distinct carbamate residues and their implementation in enantioselective two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography of amino acids. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1558:29-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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171
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Woiwode U, Reischl RJ, Buckenmaier S, Lindner W, Lämmerhofer M. Imaging Peptide and Protein Chirality via Amino Acid Analysis by Chiral × Chiral Two-Dimensional Correlation Liquid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7963-7971. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Woiwode
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Roland Johann Reischl
- University of Salzburg, Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Laboratories, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stephan Buckenmaier
- Agilent Technologies, Research and Development, Hewlett-Packard-Strasse 8, 76337 Waldbronn, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lindner
- Lindner
Consulting
GmbH, Ziegelofengasse 37, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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172
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Ohira SI, Kaneda K, Matsuzaki T, Mori S, Mori M, Toda K. Universal HPLC Detector for Hydrophilic Organic Compounds by Means of Total Organic Carbon Detection. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6461-6467. [PMID: 29733193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Most quantifications are achieved by comparison of the signals obtained with the sample to those from a standard. Thus, the purity and stability of the standard are key in chemical analysis. Furthermore, if an analyte standard cannot be obtained, quantification cannot be achieved, even if the chemical structures are identified by a qualification method (e.g., high-resolution mass spectrometry). Herein, we describe a universal and analyte standard-free detector for aqueous-eluent-based high-performance liquid chromatography. This universal carbon detector (UCD) was developed based on total organic carbon detection. Separated analytes were oxidized in-line and converted to carbon dioxide (CO2). Generated CO2 was transferred into the gas phase and collected into ultrapure water, which was followed by conductivity detection. The system can be applied as a HPLC detector that does not use an organic solvent as an eluent. The system can be calibrated with a primary standard of sodium bicarbonate for organic compounds. The universality and quantification were evaluated with organic compounds, including organic acids, sugars, and amino acids. Furthermore, the system was successfully applied to evaluation of the purity of formaldehyde in formalin solution, and determination of sugars in juices. The results show the universal carbon detector has good universality and can quantify many kinds of organic compounds with a single standard such as sodium bicarbonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Ohira
- Department of Chemistry , Kumamoto University , 2-39-1 Kurokami , Kumamoto , 860-8555 , Japan
| | - Kyosuke Kaneda
- Department of Chemistry , Kumamoto University , 2-39-1 Kurokami , Kumamoto , 860-8555 , Japan
| | - Toru Matsuzaki
- Department of Chemistry , Kumamoto University , 2-39-1 Kurokami , Kumamoto , 860-8555 , Japan
| | - Shuta Mori
- Department of Chemistry , Kumamoto University , 2-39-1 Kurokami , Kumamoto , 860-8555 , Japan
| | - Masanobu Mori
- Faculty of Science and Technology , Kochi University , 2-5-1 Akebono-cho , Kochi , 780-8520 , Japan
| | - Kei Toda
- Department of Chemistry , Kumamoto University , 2-39-1 Kurokami , Kumamoto , 860-8555 , Japan
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173
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Enantioselective multiple heartcut two-dimensional ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography method with a Coreshell chiral stationary phase in the second dimension for analysis of all proteinogenic amino acids in a single run. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1562:69-77. [PMID: 29859685 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A multiple heartcut (MHC) 2D-UHPLC method with UV detection has been developed for the enantioselective analysis of complex amino acid mixtures in a single run. The MHC method is based on an achiral gradient RPLC separation with 1.8 μm C18 phase (100 × 2.1 mm ID column) in the first dimension (1D) and enantioselective isocratic separation on a tert-butylcarbamoylquinine-based 2.7 μm Coreshell particle column (50 × 3 mm ID) in the second dimension (2D). Pre-column derivatization has been performed with Sanger's reagent (2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene) yielding chromogenic 2,4-dinitrophenylated amino acids (DNP-AAs). Heartcuts of 40 μL fractions of the 1D peaks were sampled into the 2D system via a two-position four-port dual valve connected to two loop decks each equipped with six 40 μL parking loops. Using this setup, 25 amino acids (20 proteinogenic plus allo-Thr, allo-Ile, homoserine (Hse), Orn, β-Ala) have been analyzed enantioselectively in a fully automated manner with a single chiral column within 130 min total run time (1D and 2D). All 2D separations together took 101.5 min (29 cuts with 3.5 min run time each) and thus the total analysis time was quite efficiently utilized. Faster separations were restricted by some software constraints which did not allow to adjust run times in 2D individually. The practical utility of this enantioselective MHC method is documented by application for the absolute configuration determination of the amino acids in gramicidin and bacitracin. Further optimizations should lead to a generic enantioselective amino acid analyzer for the quality control of synthetic peptides and the structural characterization of non-ribosomal peptides.
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174
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Creydt M, Fischer M. Omics approaches for food authentication. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1569-1581. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Creydt
- Hamburg School of Food Science; Institute of Food Chemistry; University of Hamburg; Hamburg Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science; Institute of Food Chemistry; University of Hamburg; Hamburg Germany
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175
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Navarro-Reig M, Bedia C, Tauler R, Jaumot J. Chemometric Strategies for Peak Detection and Profiling from Multidimensional Chromatography. Proteomics 2018; 18:e1700327. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Navarro-Reig
- Department of Environmental Chemistry; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) - Spanish National Research Council (CSIC); Jordi Girona 18-34, E08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Carmen Bedia
- Department of Environmental Chemistry; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) - Spanish National Research Council (CSIC); Jordi Girona 18-34, E08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Romà Tauler
- Department of Environmental Chemistry; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) - Spanish National Research Council (CSIC); Jordi Girona 18-34, E08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Joaquim Jaumot
- Department of Environmental Chemistry; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) - Spanish National Research Council (CSIC); Jordi Girona 18-34, E08034 Barcelona Spain
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176
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Two-dimensional liquid chromatography consisting of twelve second-dimension columns for comprehensive analysis of intact proteins. Talanta 2018; 182:225-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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177
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Baert M, Martens S, Desmet G, de Villiers A, Du Prez F, Lynen F. Enhancing the Possibilities of Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography through Hyphenation of Purely Aqueous Temperature-Responsive and Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2018; 90:4961-4967. [PMID: 29551061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC × LC) allows for substantial gains in theoretical peak capacity in the field of liquid chromatography. However, in practice, theoretical performance is rarely achieved due to a combination of undersampling, orthogonality, and refocusing issues prevalent in many LC × LC applications. This is intricately linked to the column dimensions, flow rates, and mobile-phase compositions used, where, in many cases, incompatible or strong solvents are introduced in the second-dimension (2D) column, leading to peak broadening and the need for more complex interfacing approaches. In this contribution, the combination of temperature-responsive (TR) and reversed-phase (RP) LC is demonstrated, which, due to the purely aqueous mobile phase used in TRLC, allows for complete and more generic refocusing of organic solutes prior to the second-dimension RP separation using a conventional 10-port valve interface. Thus far, this was only possible when combining other purely aqueous modes such as ion exchange or gel filtration chromatography with RPLC, techniques which are limited to the analysis of charged or high MW solutes, respectively. This novel TRLC × RPLC combination relaxes undersampling constraints and complete refocusing and therefore offers novel possibilities in the field of LC × LC including temperature modulation. The concept is illustrated through the TRLC × RPLC analysis of mixtures of neutral organic solutes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gert Desmet
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Pleinlaan 2 , 1050 Brussel , Belgium
| | - André de Villiers
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science , Stellenbosch University , Private Bag X1 , Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602 , South Africa
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178
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Psutka JM, Dion-Fortier A, Dieckmann T, Campbell JL, Segura PA, Hopkins WS. Identifying Fenton-Reacted Trimethoprim Transformation Products Using Differential Mobility Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 90:5352-5357. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod M. Psutka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Annick Dion-Fortier
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Thorsten Dieckmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - J. Larry Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario L4K 4 V8, Canada
| | - Pedro A. Segura
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - W. Scott Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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179
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Patel DC, Wahab MF, O'Haver TC, Armstrong DW. Separations at the Speed of Sensors. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3349-3356. [PMID: 29437379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The virtue of chemical sensors is speed and analyte specificity. The response time to generate an analytical signal typically varies from ∼1 to 20 s, and they are generally limited to a single analyte. Chemical sensors are significantly affected by multiple interferents, matrix effects, temperature, and can vary widely in sensitivity depending on the sensor format. Separation-based analyses remove matrix effects and interferents and are compatible with multiple analytes. However, the speed of such analyses has not been commensurate with traditional sensors until now. Beds of very small size with optimal geometry, containing core-shell particles of judicious immobilized selectors, can be used in an ultrahigh-flow regime, thereby providing subsecond separations of up to 10 analytes. Short polyether ether ketone lined stainless steel columns of various geometries were evaluated to determine the optimal bed geometry for subsecond analysis. Coupling these approaches provides subsecond-based detection and quantitation of multiple chiral and achiral species, including nucleotides, plant hormones, acids, amino acid derivatives, and sedatives among a variety of other compounds. The subsecond separations were reproducible with 0.9% RSD on retention times and showed consistent performance with 0.9% RSD on reduced plate height in van Deemter curves. A new powerful signal processing algorithm is proposed that can further enhance separation outputs and optical spectra without altering band areas on more complex separations such as 10 peaks under a second.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshan C Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas 76019 , United States
| | - M Farooq Wahab
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas 76019 , United States
| | - Thomas C O'Haver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland at College Park , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Daniel W Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas 76019 , United States
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180
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Montero L, Sáez V, von Baer D, Cifuentes A, Herrero M. Profiling of Vitis vinifera L. canes (poly)phenolic compounds using comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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181
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Likelihood of total resolution in selective comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography with parallel processing: Simulation and theory. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1537:43-57. [PMID: 29338871 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The probability Pr(sLC×LC) that all peaks are separated by a resolution of 1.5 or more in selective comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (sLC × LC) is computed for simple model systems of 5 to 60 peaks and first-dimension (1D) gradient times of 100 to 2000 s. The computations include mimics of a commercial instrument, whose fixed second-dimension (2D) gradient time and use of one cycle time for initialization reduces Pr(sLC×LC) relative to an earlier report. For serial sLC × LC, in which a single device collects and transfers 1D multiplets to the second dimension, Pr(sLC×LC) under practical conditions is predicted to be only slightly larger than the probability of total resolution in LC × LC for separations of the same duration in each case. To increase Pr(sLC×LC), two model systems are proposed based on parallel processing, in which one device collects multiplets from the first separation while a second device simultaneously transfers fractions from previously collected multiplets to the second dimension for further separation. A sum of probabilities guideline is proposed by which optimal fixed 2D gradient times, ranging from 9.5 to 12 s, are found for both serial and parallel models. The increases of Pr(sLC×LC) based on parallel processing are modest; the largest is only 0.062 for one system and 0.106 for the other, relative to the serial model. A theory is derived that rationalizes the modesty of the increase, which was unexpected. It shows that Pr(sLC×LC) equals the probability of total resolution in the first dimension, plus the product of the probability that all 1D multiplets are transferred to the second dimension and the probability that all multiplets are separated in the second dimension. The theory shows that, although parallel processing is better than serial processing for multiplet transfer, the ability to leverage this gain is offset by the limited probability that all multiplets are then actually separated in the second dimension, which is only about 0.55 for conditions where the change from serial to parallel processing is most beneficial. With these findings in hand, two scenarios are examined for future consideration: one in which the 2D peak capacity is doubled, and another in which multiplets are always transferred to the second dimension. The latter shows considerable promise for increasing Pr(sLC×LC) substantially beyond its counterpart in LC × LC. For example, a 50% probability of separating all peaks in a 15-component mixture can be reached in 1150 s using LC × LC. The same probability can be reached in the same time for a sample with nearly twice as many components (27) in the case of sLC × LC, assuming transfer of all multiplets to the second dimension. These findings will be useful to those considering systematic approaches to developing 2D-LC methods for moderately complex mixtures, and to those interested in instrument development for 2D-LC.
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182
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Baglai A, Gargano AF, Jordens J, Mengerink Y, Honing M, van der Wal S, Schoenmakers PJ. Comprehensive lipidomic analysis of human plasma using multidimensional liquid- and gas-phase separations: Two-dimensional liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry vs. liquid chromatography–trapped-ion-mobility–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1530:90-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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183
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Liu J, Deng Z, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Wang G, Sun YA, Zhu Y. Determination of γ-hydroxybutyrate in human urine samples by ion exclusion and ion exchange two-dimensional chromatography system. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1528:35-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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184
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Pirok BWJ, Gargano AFG, Schoenmakers PJ. Optimizing separations in online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:68-98. [PMID: 29027363 PMCID: PMC5814945 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography has become an attractive option for the analysis of complex nonvolatile samples found in various fields (e.g. environmental studies, food, life, and polymer sciences). Two-dimensional liquid chromatography complements the highly popular hyphenated systems that combine liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Two-dimensional liquid chromatography is also applied to the analysis of samples that are not compatible with mass spectrometry (e.g. high-molecular-weight polymers), providing important information on the distribution of the sample components along chemical dimensions (molecular weight, charge, lipophilicity, stereochemistry, etc.). Also, in comparison with conventional one-dimensional liquid chromatography, two-dimensional liquid chromatography provides a greater separation power (peak capacity). Because of the additional selectivity and higher peak capacity, the combination of two-dimensional liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry allows for simpler mixtures of compounds to be introduced in the ion source at any given time, improving quantitative analysis by reducing matrix effects. In this review, we summarize the rationale and principles of two-dimensional liquid chromatography experiments, describe advantages and disadvantages of combining different selectivities and discuss strategies to improve the quality of two-dimensional liquid chromatography separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob W J Pirok
- University of Amsterdam, Analytical-Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,TI-COAST, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea F G Gargano
- University of Amsterdam, Analytical-Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Schoenmakers
- University of Amsterdam, Analytical-Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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185
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D'Atri V, Causon T, Hernandez-Alba O, Mutabazi A, Veuthey JL, Cianferani S, Guillarme D. Adding a new separation dimension to MS and LC-MS: What is the utility of ion mobility spectrometry? J Sep Sci 2017; 41:20-67. [PMID: 29024509 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometry is an analytical technique known for more than 100 years, which entails separating ions in the gas phase based on their size, shape, and charge. While ion mobility spectrometry alone can be useful for some applications (mostly security analysis for detecting certain classes of narcotics and explosives), it becomes even more powerful in combination with mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. Indeed, the limited resolving power of ion mobility spectrometry alone can be tackled when combining this analytical strategy with mass spectrometry or liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Over the last few years, the hyphenation of ion mobility spectrometry to mass spectrometry or liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry has attracted more and more interest, with significant progresses in both technical advances and pioneering applications. This review describes the theoretical background, available technologies, and future capabilities of these techniques. It also highlights a wide range of applications, from small molecules (natural products, metabolites, glycans, lipids) to large biomolecules (proteins, protein complexes, biopharmaceuticals, oligonucleotides).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina D'Atri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tim Causon
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU Vienna), Vienna, Austria
| | - Oscar Hernandez-Alba
- BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aline Mutabazi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Veuthey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Cianferani
- BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
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186
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Sandra K, Steenbeke M, Vandenheede I, Vanhoenacker G, Sandra P. The versatility of heart-cutting and comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography in monoclonal antibody clone selection. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1523:283-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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187
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Simulation of elution profiles in liquid chromatography − II: Investigation of injection volume overload under gradient elution conditions applied to second dimension separations in two-dimensional liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1523:162-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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188
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Patel BA, Pinto ND, Gospodarek A, Kilgore B, Goswami K, Napoli WN, Desai J, Heo JH, Panzera D, Pollard D, Richardson D, Brower M, Richardson DD. On-Line Ion Exchange Liquid Chromatography as a Process Analytical Technology for Monoclonal Antibody Characterization in Continuous Bioprocessing. Anal Chem 2017; 89:11357-11365. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhumit A. Patel
- Biologics & Vaccines, Bioprocess Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Nuno D.S. Pinto
- Biologics & Vaccines, Bioprocess Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Adrian Gospodarek
- Biologics & Vaccines, Bioprocess Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Bruce Kilgore
- Biologics & Vaccines, Bioprocess Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Kudrat Goswami
- Biologics & Vaccines, Bioprocess Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - William N. Napoli
- Biologics & Vaccines, Bioprocess Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jayesh Desai
- Biologics & Vaccines, Bioprocess Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jun H. Heo
- Biologics & Vaccines, Bioprocess Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Dominick Panzera
- Biologics & Vaccines, Bioprocess Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - David Pollard
- Biologics & Vaccines, Bioprocess Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Daisy Richardson
- Biologics & Vaccines, Bioprocess Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Mark Brower
- Biologics & Vaccines, Bioprocess Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Douglas D. Richardson
- Biologics & Vaccines, Bioprocess Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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189
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Graesbøll R, Janssen HG, Christensen JH, Nielsen NJ. Optimizing gradient conditions in online comprehensive two-dimensional reversed-phase liquid chromatography by use of the linear solvent strength model. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:3612-3620. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rune Graesbøll
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science; University of Copenhagen; Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Hans-Gerd Janssen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jan H. Christensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science; University of Copenhagen; Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Nikoline J. Nielsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science; University of Copenhagen; Frederiksberg Denmark
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190
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Sheng N, Zheng H, Xiao Y, Wang Z, Li M, Zhang J. Chiral separation and chemical profile of Dengzhan Shengmai by integrating comprehensive with multiple heart-cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1517:97-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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191
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Stoll DR, Shoykhet K, Petersson P, Buckenmaier S. Active Solvent Modulation: A Valve-Based Approach To Improve Separation Compatibility in Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2017; 89:9260-9267. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dwight R. Stoll
- Department
of Chemistry, Gustavus Adolphus College, 800 West College Avenue, Saint Peter, Minnesota 56082, United States
| | - Konstantin Shoykhet
- R&D and Marketing GmbH & Co KG, Agilent Technologies, Hewlett-Packard-Str. 8, 76337 Waldbronn, Germany
| | - Patrik Petersson
- Global
Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Stephan Buckenmaier
- R&D and Marketing GmbH & Co KG, Agilent Technologies, Hewlett-Packard-Str. 8, 76337 Waldbronn, Germany
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192
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Pirok BWJ, Abdulhussain N, Aalbers T, Wouters B, Peters RAH, Schoenmakers PJ. Nanoparticle Analysis by Online Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography combining Hydrodynamic Chromatography and Size-Exclusion Chromatography with Intermediate Sample Transformation. Anal Chem 2017; 89:9167-9174. [PMID: 28745485 PMCID: PMC5588091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Polymeric
nanoparticles have become indispensable in modern society
with a wide array of applications ranging from waterborne coatings
to drug-carrier-delivery systems. While a large range of techniques
exist to determine a multitude of properties of these particles, relating
physicochemical properties of the particle to the chemical structure
of the intrinsic polymers is still challenging. A novel, highly orthogonal
separation system based on comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography
(LC × LC) has been developed. The system combines hydrodynamic
chromatography (HDC) in the first-dimension to separate the particles
based on their size, with ultrahigh-performance size-exclusion chromatography
(SEC) in the second dimension to separate the constituting polymer
molecules according to their hydrodynamic radius for each of 80 to
100 separated fractions. A chip-based mixer is incorporated to transform
the sample by dissolving the separated nanoparticles from the first-dimension
online in tetrahydrofuran. The polymer bands are then focused using
stationary-phase-assisted modulation to enhance sensitivity, and the
water from the first-dimension eluent is largely eliminated to allow
interaction-free SEC. Using the developed system, the combined two-dimensional
distribution of the particle-size and the molecular-size of a mixture
of various polystyrene (PS) and polyacrylate (PACR) nanoparticles
has been obtained within 60 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob W J Pirok
- Analytical-Chemistry Group, University of Amsterdam, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,TI-COAST , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Noor Abdulhussain
- Analytical-Chemistry Group, University of Amsterdam, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,TI-COAST , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Aalbers
- Analytical-Chemistry Group, University of Amsterdam, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bert Wouters
- Analytical-Chemistry Group, University of Amsterdam, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,TI-COAST , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A H Peters
- Analytical-Chemistry Group, University of Amsterdam, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,DSM Coating Resins , Sluisweg 12, 5145 PE Waalwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Schoenmakers
- Analytical-Chemistry Group, University of Amsterdam, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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193
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Navarro-Reig M, Jaumot J, Baglai A, Vivó-Truyols G, Schoenmakers PJ, Tauler R. Untargeted Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography Coupled with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Rice Metabolome Using Multivariate Curve Resolution. Anal Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Navarro-Reig
- Department
of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Van't Hoff Institute
for Molecular Science, University of Amsterdam, 1090 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joaquim Jaumot
- Department
of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Baglai
- Van't Hoff Institute
for Molecular Science, University of Amsterdam, 1090 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Vivó-Truyols
- Van't Hoff Institute
for Molecular Science, University of Amsterdam, 1090 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Schoenmakers
- Van't Hoff Institute
for Molecular Science, University of Amsterdam, 1090 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Romà Tauler
- Department
of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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194
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Nagy G, Peng T, Pohl NLB. Recent Liquid Chromatographic Approaches and Developments for the Separation and Purification of Carbohydrates. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2017; 9:3579-3593. [PMID: 28824713 PMCID: PMC5558844 DOI: 10.1039/c7ay01094j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydate purification remains a bottleneck in securing analytical standards from natural sources or by chemical or enzymatic synthesis. This review highlights the scope and remaining limitations of recent approaches and methods development in liquid chromatography for robust and higher-throughput carbohydrate separation and isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabe Nagy
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Tianyuan Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Nicola L B Pohl
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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195
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Yan Y, Song Q, Chen X, Li J, Li P, Wang Y, Liu T, Song Y, Tu P. Simultaneous determination of components with wide polarity and content ranges in Cistanche tubulosa using serially coupled reverse phase-hydrophilic interaction chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1501:39-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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196
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Comparison of multivariate curve resolution strategies in quantitative LCxLC: Application to the quantification of furanocoumarins in apiaceous vegetables. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 961:49-58. [PMID: 28224908 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC × LC) has been gaining popularity for the analysis of complex samples in a wide range of fields including metabolomics, environmental analysis, and food analysis. While LC × LC can provide greater chromatographic resolution than one-dimensional LC (1D-LC), overlapping peaks are often still present in separations of complex samples, a problem that can be alleviated by chemometric curve resolution techniques such as multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS). MCR-ALS has also been previously shown to assist in the quantitative analysis of LC x LC data by isolating pure analyte signals from background signals which are often present at higher levels in LC x LC compared to 1D-LC. In this work we present the analysis of a dataset from the LC × LC analyses of parsley, parsnip and celery samples for the presence and concentrations of 14 furanocoumarins. Several MCR-ALS implementations are compared for the analysis of LC × LC data. These implementations include analyzing the LC x LC chromatogram alone, analyzing the one-dimensional chromatogram alone, as well as two hybrid approaches that make use of both the first and second dimension chromatograms. Furthermore, we compared manual integration of resolved chromatograms versus a simple summation approach, using the resolved chromatographic peaks in both cases. It is found that manual integration of the resolved LC × LC chromatograms provides the best quantification as measured by the consistency between replicate injections. If the summation approach is desired for automation, the choice of MCR-ALS implementation has a large effect on the precision of the analysis. Based on these results, the concentrations of the 14 furanocoumarins are determined in the three apiaceous vegetable types by analyzing the LC × LC chromatograms with MCR-ALS and manual integration for peak area determination. The concentrations of the analytes are found to vary greatly between samples, even within a single vegetable type.
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197
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Barhate CL, Regalado EL, Contrella ND, Lee J, Jo J, Makarov AA, Armstrong DW, Welch CJ. Ultrafast Chiral Chromatography as the Second Dimension in Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography Experiments. Anal Chem 2017; 89:3545-3553. [PMID: 28192943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chromatographic separation and analysis of complex mixtures of closely related species is one of the most challenging tasks in modern pharmaceutical analysis. In recent years, two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) has become a valuable tool for improving peak capacity and selectivity. However, the relatively slow speed of chiral separations has limited the use of chiral stationary phases (CSPs) as the second dimension in 2D-LC, especially in the comprehensive mode. Realizing that the recent revolution in the field of ultrafast enantioselective chromatography could now provide significantly faster separations, we herein report an investigation into the use of ultrafast chiral chromatography as a second dimension for 2D chromatographic separations. In this study, excellent selectivity, peak shape, and repeatability were achieved by combining achiral and chiral narrow-bore columns (2.1 mm × 100 mm and 2.1 mm × 150 mm, sub-2 and 3 μm) in the first dimension with 4.6 mm × 30 mm and 4.6 mm × 50 mm columns packed with highly efficient chiral selectors (sub-2 μm fully porous and 2.7 μm fused-core particles) in the second dimension, together with the use of 0.1% phosphoric acid/acetonitrile eluents in both dimensions. Multiple achiral × chiral and chiral × chiral 2D-LC examples (single and multiple heart-cutting, high-resolution sampling, and comprehensive) using ultrafast chiral chromatography in the second dimension are successfully applied to the separation and analysis of complex mixtures of closely related pharmaceuticals and synthetic intermediates, including chiral and achiral drugs and metabolites, constitutional isomers, stereoisomers, and organohalogenated species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan L Barhate
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | | | | | - Joon Lee
- Agilent Technologies, Incorporated , Wilmington, Delaware 19808, United States
| | | | | | - Daniel W Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
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198
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Stoll D, Danforth J, Zhang K, Beck A. Characterization of therapeutic antibodies and related products by two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with UV absorbance and mass spectrometric detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1032:51-60. [PMID: 27267072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of analytical tools for the characterization of large biomolecules is an emerging and rapidly evolving area. This development activity is motivated largely by the current trend involving the increase in development and use of large biomolecules for therapeutic uses. Given the inherent complexity of these biomolecules, which arises from their sheer size and possibilities for chemical modification as well as changes over time (e.g., through modification in solution, aggregation), two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) has attracted considerable interest as an analytical tool to address the challenges faced in characterizing these materials. The immediate potential benefits of 2D-LC over conventional one-dimensional liquid chromatography in this context include: (1) higher overall resolving power; (2) complementary information gained from two dimensions of separation in a single analysis; and (3) enabling indirect coupling of separation modes that are inherently incompatible with mass spectrometric (MS) detection (e.g., ion-exchange, because of high-salt eluents) to MS through a more compatible second dimension separation such as reversed-phase LC. In this review we summarize the work in this area, most of which has occurred in the past five years. Although the future is bright for further development in this area, some challenges have already been addressed through new 2D-LC methods. These include: (1) deep characterization of monoclonal antibodies to understand charge heterogeneity, glycosylation patterns, and other modifications; (2) characterization of antibody-drug conjugates to understand the extent and localization of small molecule conjugation; (3) detailed study of excipients in protein drug formulations; and (4) detection of host-cell proteins on biotherapeutic molecule preparations. We fully expect that in the near future we will see this list expanded, and that continued development will lead to methods with further improved performance metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwight Stoll
- Gustavus Adolphus College, Department of Chemistry, St. Peter, MN, USA.
| | - John Danforth
- Gustavus Adolphus College, Department of Chemistry, St. Peter, MN, USA
| | - Kelly Zhang
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Alain Beck
- Center of Immunology Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74160 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
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