151
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Kopacz MM, Heuts DPHM, Fraaije MW. Kinetic mechanism of putrescine oxidase from Rhodococcus erythropolis. FEBS J 2014; 281:4384-93. [PMID: 25060191 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Putrescine oxidase from Rhodococcus erythropolis (PuO) is a flavin-containing amine oxidase from the monoamine oxidase family that performs oxidative deamination of aliphatic diamines. In this study we report pre-steady-state kinetic analyses of the enzyme with the use of single- and double-mixing stopped-flow spectroscopy and putrescine as a substrate. During the fast and irreversible reductive half-reaction no radical intermediates were observed, suggesting a direct hydride transfer from the substrate to the FAD. The rate constant of flavin reoxidation depends on the ligand binding; when the imine product was bound to the enzyme the rate constant was higher than with free enzyme species. Similar results were obtained with product-mimicking ligands and this indicates that a ternary complex is formed during catalysis. The obtained kinetic data were used together with steady-state rate equations derived for ping-pong, ordered sequential and bifurcated mechanisms to explore which mechanism is operative. The integrated analysis revealed that PuO employs a bifurcated mechanism due to comparable rate constants of product release from the reduced enzyme and reoxidation of the reduced enzyme-product complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata M Kopacz
- Molecular Enzymology Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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152
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Accumulation of modified proteins and aggregate formation in aging. Exp Gerontol 2014; 57:122-31. [PMID: 24877899 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Increasing cellular damage during the aging process is considered to be one factor limiting the lifespan of organisms. Besides the DNA and lipids, proteins are frequent targets of non-enzymatic modifications by reactive substances including oxidants and glycating agents. Non-enzymatic protein modifications may alter the protein structure often leading to impaired functionality. Although proteolytic systems ensure the removal of modified proteins, the activity of these proteases was shown to decline during the aging process. The additional age-related increase of reactive compounds as a result of impaired antioxidant systems leads to the accumulation of damaged proteins and the formation of protein aggregates. Both, non-enzymatic modified proteins and protein aggregates impair cellular functions and tissue properties by a variety of mechanisms. This is increasingly important in aging and age-related diseases. In this review, we will give an overview on oxidation and glycation of proteins and the function of modified proteins in aggregate formation. Furthermore, their effects as well as their role in aging and age-related diseases will be highlighted.
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153
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De Monte C, Carradori S, Chimenti P, Secci D, Mannina L, Alcaro F, Petzer A, N'Da CI, Gidaro MC, Costa G, Alcaro S, Petzer JP. New insights into the biological properties of Crocus sativus L.: chemical modifications, human monoamine oxidases inhibition and molecular modeling studies. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 82:164-71. [PMID: 24904963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although there are clinical trials and in vivo studies in literature regarding the anxiolytic and antidepressant activities of the components of Crocus sativus L., their effects on the human monoamine oxidases (hMAO-A and hMAO-B), enzymes which are involved in mental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, have not yet been investigated. We have thus examined the hMAO inhibitory activities of crocin and safranal (the most important active principles in saffron) and, subsequently, designed a series of safranal derivatives to evaluate which chemical modifications confer enhanced inhibition of the hMAO isoforms. Docking simulations were performed in order to identify key molecular recognitions of these inhibitors with both isoforms of hMAO. In this regard, different mechanisms of action were revealed. This study concludes that safranal and crocin represent useful leads for the discovery of novel hMAO inhibitors for the clinical management of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste De Monte
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Paola Chimenti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Secci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Mannina
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, Laboratorio di Risonanza Magnetica "Annalaura Segre", CNR, via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Viale Europa Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anél Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Clarina I N'Da
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Maria Concetta Gidaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Viale Europa Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giosuè Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Viale Europa Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Viale Europa Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
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154
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Kim D, Jun YW, Ahn KH. Fluorescent Probes for Analysis and Imaging of Monoamine Oxidase Activity. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.5.1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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155
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D’Ascenzio M, Carradori S, Secci D, Mannina L, Sobolev AP, De Monte C, Cirilli R, Yáñez M, Alcaro S, Ortuso F. Identification of the stereochemical requirements in the 4-aryl-2-cycloalkylidenhydrazinylthiazole scaffold for the design of selective human monoamine oxidase B inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:2887-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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156
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Repič M, Purg M, Vianello R, Mavri J. Examining Electrostatic Preorganization in Monoamine Oxidases A and B by Structural Comparison and pKa Calculations. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:4326-32. [DOI: 10.1021/jp500795p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matej Repič
- Laboratory
for Biocomputing and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI−1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miha Purg
- Laboratory
for Biocomputing and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI−1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Vianello
- Quantum
Organic Chemistry Group, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička
cesta 54, HR−10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Janez Mavri
- Laboratory
for Biocomputing and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI−1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- EN−FIST Centre of Excellence, Dunajska 156, SI−1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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157
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Monoamine oxidase A and B substrates: probing the pathway for drug development. Future Med Chem 2014; 6:697-717. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.14.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-discovery and -development efforts focused on the MAOs have increased at an accelerated rate over the past decade. Since the first crystal structure of human MAO-B was solved in 2002, over 40 additional structures have been reported and have helped define new, or confirm speculative, binding modes of inhibitors. The detailed mechanism of the MAO-catalyzed oxidation of amine substrates has not been fully elucidated, but its significance is central in the development of new mechanism-based inactivators. Novel fungal MAO-N variants derived from directed evolution strategies are enabling the production of new chiral amine products. Robust assays have been established for measuring MAO status in tissue and cells, while improved MAO radioligands are being deployed for PET imaging studies. This review will attempt to highlight the more recent and salient aspects of MAO research in drug discovery and development, with emphasis on substrates 'probing the pathway'.
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158
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Esteban G, Allan J, Samadi A, Mattevi A, Unzeta M, Marco-Contelles J, Binda C, Ramsay RR. Kinetic and structural analysis of the irreversible inhibition of human monoamine oxidases by ASS234, a multi-target compound designed for use in Alzheimer's disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2014; 1844:1104-10. [PMID: 24642166 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAO) and cholinesterases are validated targets in the design of drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The multi-target compound N-((5-(3-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)propoxy)-1-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)methyl)-N-methylprop-2-yn-1-amine (ASS234), bearing the MAO-inhibiting propargyl group attached to a donepezil moiety that inhibits cholinesterases, retained activity against human acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterases. The inhibition of MAO A and MAO B by ASS234 was characterized and compared to other known MAO inhibitors. ASS234 was almost as effective as clorgyline (kinact/KI=3×10(6) min(-1)M(-1)) and was shown by structural studies to form the same N5 covalent adduct with the FAD cofactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Esteban
- Departamento de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Institute of Neuroscience, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jennifer Allan
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 8QP, UK
| | - Abdelouahid Samadi
- Laboratorio de Química Medica (IQOG, CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Mattevi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Mercedes Unzeta
- Departamento de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Institute of Neuroscience, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratorio de Química Medica (IQOG, CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Binda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Rona R Ramsay
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 8QP, UK.
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159
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Finberg JPM. Update on the pharmacology of selective inhibitors of MAO-A and MAO-B: focus on modulation of CNS monoamine neurotransmitter release. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 143:133-52. [PMID: 24607445 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of monoamine oxidase (MAO) were initially used in medicine following the discovery of their antidepressant action. Subsequently their ability to potentiate the effects of an indirectly-acting sympathomimetic amine such as tyramine was discovered, leading to their limitation in clinical use, except for cases of treatment-resistant depression. More recently, the understanding that: a) potentiation of indirectly-acting sympathomimetic amines is caused by inhibitors of MAO-A but not by inhibitors of MAO-B, and b) that reversible inhibitors of MAO-A cause minimal tyramine potentiation, has led to their re-introduction to clinical use for treatment of depression (reversible MAO-A inhibitors and new dose form MAO-B inhibitor) and treatment of Parkinson's disease (MAO-B inhibitors). The profound neuroprotective properties of propargyl-based inhibitors of MAO-B in preclinical experiments have drawn attention to the possibility of employing these drugs for their neuroprotective effect in neurodegenerative diseases, and have raised the question of the involvement of the MAO-mediated reaction as a source of reactive free radicals. Despite the long-standing history of MAO inhibitors in medicine, the way in which they affect neuronal release of monoamine neurotransmitters is still poorly understood. In recent years, the detailed chemical structure of MAO-B and MAO-A has become available, providing new possibilities for synthesis of mechanism-based inhibitors. This review describes the latest advances in understanding the way in which MAO inhibitors affect the release of the monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin (5-HT) in the CNS, with an accent on the importance of these effects for the clinical actions of the drugs.
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160
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Anderson EJ, Efird JT, Davies SW, O'Neal WT, Darden TM, Thayne KA, Katunga LA, Kindell LC, Ferguson TB, Anderson CA, Chitwood WR, Koutlas TC, Williams JM, Rodriguez E, Kypson AP. Monoamine oxidase is a major determinant of redox balance in human atrial myocardium and is associated with postoperative atrial fibrillation. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:e000713. [PMID: 24572256 PMCID: PMC3959694 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Onset of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common and costly complication of heart surgery despite major improvements in surgical technique and quality of patient care. The etiology of POAF, and the ability of clinicians to identify and therapeutically target high‐risk patients, remains elusive. Methods and Results Myocardial tissue dissected from right atrial appendage (RAA) was obtained from 244 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation from multiple sources was assessed in this tissue, along with total glutathione (GSHt) and its related enzymes GSH‐peroxidase (GPx) and GSH‐reductase (GR). Monoamine oxidase (MAO) and NADPH oxidase were observed to generate ROS at rates 10‐fold greater than intact, coupled mitochondria. POAF risk was significantly associated with MAO activity (Quartile 1 [Q1]: adjusted relative risk [ARR]=1.0; Q2: ARR=1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.84 to 4.0; Q3: ARR=2.1, 95% CI=0.99 to 4.3; Q4: ARR=3.8, 95% CI=1.9 to 7.5; adjusted Ptrend=0.009). In contrast, myocardial GSHt was inversely associated with POAF (Quartile 1 [Q1]: adjusted relative risk [ARR]=1.0; Q2: ARR=0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.60 to 1.4; Q3: ARR=0.62, 95% CI=0.36 to 1.1; Q4: ARR=0.56, 95% CI=0.34 to 0.93; adjusted Ptrend=0.014). GPx also was significantly associated with POAF; however, a linear trend for risk was not observed across increasing levels of the enzyme. GR was not associated with POAF risk. Conclusions Our results show that MAO is an important determinant of redox balance in human atrial myocardium, and that this enzyme, in addition to GSHt and GPx, is associated with an increased risk for POAF. Further investigation is needed to validate MAO as a predictive biomarker for POAF, and to explore this enzyme's potential role in arrhythmogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan J Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
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161
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Wang CC, Man GCW, Chu CY, Borchert A, Ugun-Klusek A, Billett EE, Kühn H, Ufer C. Serotonin receptor 6 mediates defective brain development in monoamine oxidase A-deficient mouse embryos. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:8252-63. [PMID: 24497636 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.522094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases A and B (MAO-A and MAO-B) are enzymes of the outer mitochondrial membrane that metabolize biogenic amines. In the adult central nervous system, MAOs have important functions for neurotransmitter homeostasis. Expression of MAO isoforms has been detected in the developing embryo. However, suppression of MAO-B does not induce developmental alterations. In contrast, targeted inhibition and knockdown of MAO-A expression (E7.5-E10.5) caused structural abnormalities in the brain. Here we explored the molecular mechanisms underlying defective brain development induced by MAO-A knockdown during in vitro embryogenesis. The developmental alterations were paralleled by diminished apoptotic activity in the affected neuronal structures. Moreover, dysfunctional MAO-A expression led to elevated levels of embryonic serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)), and we found that knockdown of serotonin receptor-6 (5-Htr6) expression or pharmacologic inhibition of 5-Htr6 activity rescued the MAO-A knockdown phenotype and restored apoptotic activity in the developing brain. Our data suggest that excessive 5-Htr6 activation reduces activation of caspase-3 and -9 of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway and enhances expression of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. Moreover, we found that elevated 5-HT levels in MAO-A knockdown embryos coincided with an enhanced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and a reduction of proliferating cell numbers. In summary, our findings suggest that excessive 5-HT in MAO-A-deficient mouse embryos triggers cellular signaling cascades via 5-Htr6, which suppresses developmental apoptosis in the brain and thus induces developmental retardations.
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162
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A novel series of 6-substituted 3-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)chromen-2-ones as selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) A inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 73:177-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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163
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Kaludercic N, Mialet-Perez J, Paolocci N, Parini A, Di Lisa F. Monoamine oxidases as sources of oxidants in the heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 73:34-42. [PMID: 24412580 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress can be generated at several sites within the mitochondria. Among these, monoamine oxidase (MAO) has been described as a prominent source. MAOs are mitochondrial flavoenzymes responsible for the oxidative deamination of catecholamines, serotonin and biogenic amines, and during this process they generate H2O2 and aldehyde intermediates. The role of MAO in cardiovascular pathophysiology has only recently gathered some attention since it has been demonstrated that both H2O2 and aldehydes may target mitochondrial function and consequently affect function and viability of the myocardium. In the present review, we will discuss the role of MAO in catecholamine and serotonin clearance and cycling in relation to cardiac structure and function. The relevant contribution of each MAO isoform (MAO-A or -B) will be discussed in relation to mitochondrial dysfunction and myocardial injury. Finally, we will examine both beneficial effects of their pharmacological or genetic inhibition along with potential adverse effects observed at baseline in MAO knockout mice, as well as the deleterious effects following their over-expression specifically at cardiomyocyte level. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Redox Signalling in the Cardiovascular System".
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kaludercic
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Padua, Italy
| | - Jeanne Mialet-Perez
- INSERM UMR 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Angelo Parini
- INSERM UMR 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Padua, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy.
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164
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Abstract
The potential of flavoproteins as targets of pharmacological treatments is immense. In this review we present an overview of the current research progress on medical interventions based on flavoproteins with a special emphasis on cancer, infectious diseases, and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Jortzik
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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165
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Passos CDS, Simoes-Pires C, Henriques A, Cuendet M, Carrupt PA, Christen P. Alkaloids as Inhibitors of Monoamine Oxidases and Their Role in the Central Nervous System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63430-6.00004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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166
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Kim D, Ryu HG, Ahn KH. Recent development of two-photon fluorescent probes for bioimaging. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:4550-66. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00431k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes are essential tools for studying biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dokyoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Electro-Photo Behaviors in Advanced Molecular Systems
- Gyungbuk, Korea 790-784
| | - Hye Gun Ryu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Electro-Photo Behaviors in Advanced Molecular Systems
- Gyungbuk, Korea 790-784
| | - Kyo Han Ahn
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Electro-Photo Behaviors in Advanced Molecular Systems
- Gyungbuk, Korea 790-784
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167
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Bonaiuto E, Milelli A, Cozza G, Tumiatti V, Marchetti C, Agostinelli E, Fimognari C, Hrelia P, Minarini A, Di Paolo ML. Novel polyamine analogues: From substrates towards potential inhibitors of monoamine oxidases. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 70:88-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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168
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Dorszewska J, Prendecki M, Oczkowska A, Rozycka A, Lianeri M, Kozubski W. Polymorphism of the COMT, MAO, DAT, NET and 5-HTT Genes, and Biogenic Amines in Parkinson's Disease. Curr Genomics 2013; 14:518-33. [PMID: 24532984 PMCID: PMC3924247 DOI: 10.2174/1389202914666131210210241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epinephrine (E) and sympathetic nerve stimulation were described by Thomas Renton Elliott in 1905 for the first time. Dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), E, and serotonin (5-HT) belong to the classic biogenic amines (or monoamines). Parkinson's disease (PD) is among the diseases in which it has been established that catecholamines may account for the neurodegeneration of central and peripheral catecholamine neural systems. PD is a chronic and progressive neurological disorder characterized by resting tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia, affecting 2% of individuals above the age of 65 years. This disorder is a result of degeneration of DA-producing neurons of the substantia nigra and a significant loss of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus. In PD and other related neurodegerative diseases, catecholamines play the role of endogenous neurotoxins. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and/or monoamine oxidase (MAO) catalyze the metabolism of monoamines. However, the monoamine transporters for DA, NE, and 5-HT namely DAT, NET, and SERT, respectively regulate the monoamine concentration. The metabolism of catecholamines and 5-HT involves common factors. Monoamine transporters represent targets for many pharmacological agents that affect brain function, including psychostimulators and antidepressants. In PD, polymorphisms of the COMT, MAO, DAT, NET, and 5- HTT genes may change the levels of biogenic amines and their metabolic products. The currently available therapies for PD improve the symptoms but do not halt the progression of the disease. The most effective treatment for PD patients is therapy with L-dopa. Combined therapy for PD involves a DA agonist and decarboxylase, MAOs and COMT inhibitors, and is the current optimal form of PD treatment maintaining monoamine balance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wojciech Kozubski
- Chair and Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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169
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Juárez-Jiménez J, Mendes E, Galdeano C, Martins C, Silva DB, Marco-Contelles J, do Carmo Carreiras M, Luque FJ, Ramsay RR. Exploring the structural basis of the selective inhibition of monoamine oxidase A by dicarbonitrile aminoheterocycles: role of Asn181 and Ile335 validated by spectroscopic and computational studies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1844:389-97. [PMID: 24247011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Since cyanide potentiates the inhibitory activity of several monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, a series of carbonitrile-containing aminoheterocycles was examined to explore the role of nitriles in determining the inhibitory activity against MAO. Dicarbonitrile aminofurans were found to be potent, selective inhibitors against MAO A. The origin of the MAO A selectivity was identified by combining spectroscopic and computational methods. Spectroscopic changes induced in MAO A by mono- and dicarbonitrile inhibitors were different, providing experimental evidence for distinct binding modes to the enzyme. Similar differences were also found between the binding of dicarbonitrile compounds to MAO A and to MAO B. Stabilization of the flavin anionic semiquinone by monocarbonitrile compounds, but destabilization by dicarbonitriles, provided further support to the distinct binding modes of these compounds and their interaction with the flavin ring. Molecular modeling studies supported the role played by the nitrile and amino groups in anchoring the inhibitor to the binding cavity. In particular, the results highlight the role of Asn181 and Ile335 in assisting the interaction of the nitrile-containing aminofuran ring. The network of interactions afforded by the specific attachment of these functional groups provides useful guidelines for the design of selective, reversible MAO A inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Juárez-Jiménez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Avda. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Eduarda Mendes
- iMed.UL - Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Avda. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carles Galdeano
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Avda. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Carla Martins
- iMed.UL - Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Avda. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniel B Silva
- iMed.UL - Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Avda. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratorio de Radicales Libres y Química Computacional, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, c/. Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria do Carmo Carreiras
- iMed.UL - Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Avda. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - F Javier Luque
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Avda. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Rona R Ramsay
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK.
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170
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Tan SLJ, Kan JM, Webster RD. Differences in proton-coupled electron-transfer reactions of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) between buffered and unbuffered aqueous solutions. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:13755-66. [PMID: 24079606 DOI: 10.1021/jp4069619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical reduction mechanisms of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) in buffered aqueous solutions at pH 3-11 and unbuffered aqueous solutions at pH 2-11 were examined in detail using variable-scan-rate cyclic voltammetry (ν = 0.1-20 V s(-1)), controlled-potential bulk electrolysis, UV-vis spectroscopy, and rotating-disk-electrode voltammetry. In buffered solutions at pH 3-5, FMN undergoes a two-electron/two-proton (2e(-)/2H(+)) reduction to form FMNH2 at all scan rates. When the buffered pH is increased to 7-9, FMN undergoes a 2e(-) reduction to form FMN(2-), which initially undergoes hydrogen bonding with water molecules, followed by protonation to form FMNH(-). At a low voltammetric scan rate of 0.1 V s(-1), the protonation reaction has sufficient time to take place. However, at a higher scan rate of 20 V s(-1), the proton-transfer reaction is outrun, and upon reversal of the scan direction, less of the FMNH(-) is available for oxidation, causing its oxidation peak to decrease in magnitude. In unbuffered aqueous solutions, three major voltammetric waves were observed in different pH ranges. At low pH in unbuffered solutions, where [H(+)] ≥ [FMN], (FMN)H(-) undergoes a 2e(-)/2H(+) reduction to form (FMNH2)H(-) (wave 1), similar to the mechanism in buffered aqueous solutions at low pH. At midrange pH values (unbuffered), where pH ≤ pKa of the phosphate group and [FMN] ≥ [H(+)], (FMN)H(-) undergoes a 2e(-) reduction to form (FMN(2-))H(-) (wave 2), similar to the mechanism in buffered aqueous solutions at high pH. At high pH (unbuffered), where pH ≥ pKa = 6.2 of the phosphate group, the phosphate group loses its second proton to be fully deprotonated, forming (FMN)(2-), and this species undergoes a 2e(-) reduction to form (FMN(2-))(2-) (wave 3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena L J Tan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371
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171
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Sánchez-Jiménez F, Ruiz-Pérez MV, Urdiales JL, Medina MA. Pharmacological potential of biogenic amine-polyamine interactions beyond neurotransmission. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 170:4-16. [PMID: 23347064 PMCID: PMC3764843 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine, serotonin and dopamine are biogenic amines involved in intercellular communication with multiple effects on human pathophysiology. They are products of two highly homologous enzymes, histidine decarboxylase and l-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, and transmit their signals through different receptors and signal transduction mechanisms. Polyamines derived from ornithine (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) are mainly involved in intracellular effects related to cell proliferation and death mechanisms. This review summarizes structural and functional evidence for interactions between components of all these amine metabolic and signalling networks (decarboxylases, transporters, oxidases, receptors etc.) at cellular and tissue levels, distinct from nervous and neuroendocrine systems, where the crosstalk among these amine-related components can also have important pathophysiological consequences. The discussion highlights aspects that could help to predict and discuss the effects of intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sánchez-Jiménez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos, Universidad de Málaga, Spain.
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172
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Chimenti P, Petzer A, Carradori S, D’Ascenzio M, Silvestri R, Alcaro S, Ortuso F, Petzer JP, Secci D. Exploring 4-substituted-2-thiazolylhydrazones from 2-, 3-, and 4-acetylpyridine as selective and reversible hMAO-B inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 66:221-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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173
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Mirza IA, Burk DL, Xiong B, Iwaki H, Hasegawa Y, Grosse S, Lau PCK, Berghuis AM. Structural analysis of a novel cyclohexylamine oxidase from Brevibacterium oxydans IH-35A. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60072. [PMID: 23555888 PMCID: PMC3608611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclohexylamine oxidase (CHAO) is a flavoprotein first described in Brevibacterium oxydans strain IH-35A that carries out the initial step of the degradation of the industrial chemical cyclohexylamine to cyclohexanone. We have cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli the CHAO-encoding gene (chaA) from B. oxydans, purified CHAO and determined the structures of both the holoenzyme form of the enzyme and a product complex with cyclohexanone. CHAO is a 50 kDa monomer with a PHBH fold topology. It belongs to the flavin monooxygenase family of enzymes and exhibits high substrate specificity for alicyclic amines and sec-alkylamines. The overall structure is similar to that of other members of the flavin monooxygenase family, but lacks either of the C- or N-terminal extensions observed in these enzymes. Active site features of the flavin monooxygenase family are conserved in CHAO, including the characteristic aromatic cage. Differences in the orientations of residues of the CHAO aromatic cage result in a substrate-binding site that is more open than those of its structural relatives. Since CHAO has a buried hydrophobic active site with no obvious route for substrates and products, a random acceleration molecular dynamics simulation has been used to identify a potential egress route. The path identified includes an intermediate cavity and requires transient conformation changes in a shielding loop and a residue at the border of the substrate-binding cavity. These results provide a foundation for further studies with CHAO aimed at identifying features determining substrate specificity and for developing the biocatalytic potential of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Ahmad Mirza
- Department of Biochemistry and Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David L. Burk
- Department of Biochemistry and Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bing Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Hiroaki Iwaki
- Department of Life Science & Biotechnology and ORDIST, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshie Hasegawa
- Department of Life Science & Biotechnology and ORDIST, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Stephan Grosse
- National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter C. K. Lau
- National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University, Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Chemistry, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- FQRNT Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montreal, Quebec
- * E-mail: (AMB); (PCKL)
| | - Albert M. Berghuis
- Department of Biochemistry and Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail: (AMB); (PCKL)
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174
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Do MAO A and MAO B utilize the same mechanism for the C-H bond cleavage step in catalysis? Evidence suggesting differing mechanisms. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2013; 120:847-51. [PMID: 23417310 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-013-0991-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The detailed molecular mechanism proposed for the MAO-catalyzed oxidation of amines has been controversial with the basic assumption that both MAO A and MAO B follow the same pathway for the C-H bond cleavage step. Using the mechanistic approach of investigation of electronic effects of various benzylamine ring substituents in experiments at pH 9.0, human MAO A exhibits a kinetic behavior characteristic of an H(+) abstraction, while human MAO B exhibits kinetic properties characteristic of a H(-) abstraction. These results lead to the conclusion that the assumption that MAO A and MAO B follow identical mechanisms is incorrect.
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175
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Wang CC, Billett E, Borchert A, Kuhn H, Ufer C. Monoamine oxidases in development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:599-630. [PMID: 22782111 PMCID: PMC11113580 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are flavoproteins of the outer mitochondrial membrane that catalyze the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines. In mammals there are two isoforms (MAO-A and MAO-B) that can be distinguished on the basis of their substrate specificity and their sensitivity towards specific inhibitors. Both isoforms are expressed in most tissues, but their expression in the central nervous system and their ability to metabolize monoaminergic neurotransmitters have focused MAO research on the functionality of the mature brain. MAO activities have been related to neurodegenerative diseases as well as to neurological and psychiatric disorders. More recently evidence has been accumulating indicating that MAO isoforms are expressed not only in adult mammals, but also before birth, and that defective MAO expression induces developmental abnormalities in particular of the brain. This review is aimed at summarizing and critically evaluating the new findings on the developmental functions of MAO isoforms during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shatin, Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ellen Billett
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS UK
| | - Astrid Borchert
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Medicine Berlin-Charité, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kuhn
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Medicine Berlin-Charité, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Ufer
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Medicine Berlin-Charité, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347 Berlin, Germany
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176
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Tripathi RKP, Goshain O, Ayyannan SR. Design, Synthesis, in vitro MAO-B Inhibitory Evaluation, and Computational Studies of Some 6-Nitrobenzothiazole-Derived Semicarbazones. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:462-74. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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177
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Desideri N, Fioravanti R, Proietti Monaco L, Biava M, Yáñez M, Ortuso F, Alcaro S. 1,5-Diphenylpenta-2,4-dien-1-ones as potent and selective monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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178
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Abdelhafez OM, Amin KM, Ali HI, Abdalla MM, Batran RZ. Monoamine oxidase A and B inhibiting effect and molecular modeling of some synthesized coumarin derivatives. Neurochem Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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179
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Selected C7-substituted chromone derivatives as monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2012; 45:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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180
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Secci D, Bolasco A, Carradori S, D'Ascenzio M, Nescatelli R, Yáñez M. Recent advances in the development of selective human MAO-B inhibitors: (Hetero)arylidene-(4-substituted-thiazol-2-yl)hydrazines. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 58:405-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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181
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Vianello R, Repič M, Mavri J. How are Biogenic Amines Metabolized by Monoamine Oxidases? European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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182
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Carradori S, D'Ascenzio M, De Monte C, Secci D, Yáñez M. Synthesis and Selective Human Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibition of Heterocyclic Hybrids Based on Hydrazine and Thiazole Scaffolds. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2012; 346:17-22. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201200318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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183
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Basova IN, Yagodina OV. Substrate-inhibitory analysis of monoamine oxidase from hepatopancreas of the octopus Bathypolypus arcticus. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093012040032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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184
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Krysiak JM, Kreuzer J, Macheroux P, Hermetter A, Sieber SA, Breinbauer R. Activity-based probes for studying the activity of flavin-dependent oxidases and for the protein target profiling of monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:7035-40. [PMID: 22689512 PMCID: PMC3470703 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201201955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
High profile: new activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) probes have been designed that target exclusively monoamine oxidases A and B within living cells (see picture; FAD=flavin adenine dinucleotide, FMN=flavin monodinucleotide). With these probes it could be shown that the MAO inhibitor deprenyl, which is in clinical use against Parkinson's disease, shows unique protein specificity despite its covalent mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Krysiak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz (Austria)
| | - Johannes Kreuzer
- Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies IAS, Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching (Germany)
| | - Peter Macheroux
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of TechnologyPetersgasse 12, 8010 Graz (Austria)
| | - Albin Hermetter
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of TechnologyPetersgasse 12, 8010 Graz (Austria)
| | - Stephan A Sieber
- Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies IAS, Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching (Germany)
| | - Rolf Breinbauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz (Austria)
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185
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Fišar Z. Cannabinoids and monoamine neurotransmission with focus on monoamine oxidase. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012; 38:68-77. [PMID: 22234284 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 12/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Progress in understanding the mechanisms of action of cannabinoids was made after discovery of cannabinoid receptors and finding their endogenous ligands. New findings are obtained using both endogenous cannabinoids and plant or synthetic cannabinoids. Activation of cannabinoid receptors on synaptic terminals results in regulation of ion channels, neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity. Neuromodulation of synapses by cannabinoids is proving to have a wide range of functional effects, making them potential targets as medical preparations in a variety of illnesses, including some neurodegenerative and mental disorders. Brain monoamines are involved in many of the same processes affected by neuropsychiatric disorders and by different psychotropic drugs, including cannabinoids. Basic information is summarized in the paper about mechanisms of action of cannabinoids on monoaminergic systems, with a view to inhibition of monoamine oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Fišar
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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186
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Okaecwe T, Swanepoel AJ, Petzer A, Bergh JJ, Petzer JP. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase by 8-phenoxymethylcaffeine derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:4336-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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187
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Carradori S, Secci D, Bolasco A, Chimenti P, D'Ascenzio M. Patent-related survey on new monoamine oxidase inhibitors and their therapeutic potential. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2012; 22:759-801. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2012.698613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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188
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Krysiak JM, Kreuzer J, Macheroux P, Hermetter A, Sieber SA, Breinbauer R. Aktivitätsbasierte Sondenmoleküle zur Untersuchung der Aktivität Flavin-abhängiger Oxidasen und zum Zielprotein-Profiling von Monoaminooxidase-Inhibitoren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201201955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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189
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Mechanism of oxidative stress in neurodegeneration. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:428010. [PMID: 22685618 PMCID: PMC3362933 DOI: 10.1155/2012/428010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 595] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biological tissues require oxygen to meet their energetic demands. However, the consumption of oxygen also results in the generation of free radicals that may have damaging effects on cells. The brain is particularly vulnerable to the effects of reactive oxygen species due to its high demand for oxygen, and its abundance of highly peroxidisable substrates. Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance in the redox state of the cell, either by overproduction of reactive oxygen species, or by dysfunction of the antioxidant systems. Oxidative stress has been detected in a range of neurodegenerative disease, and emerging evidence from in vitro and in vivo disease models suggests that oxidative stress may play a role in disease pathogenesis. However, the promise of antioxidants as novel therapies for neurodegenerative diseases has not been borne out in clinical studies. In this review, we critically assess the hypothesis that oxidative stress is a crucial player in common neurodegenerative disease and discuss the source of free radicals in such diseases. Furthermore, we examine the issues surrounding the failure to translate this hypothesis into an effective clinical treatment.
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190
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Basova IN, Yagodina OV. Amino oxidase activity of hepatopancreas preparations from the octopus Bathypolypus arcticus. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2012; 442:39-41. [PMID: 22419093 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672912010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I N Basova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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191
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Legoabe LJ, Petzer A, Petzer JP. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase by selected C6-substituted chromone derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 49:343-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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192
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Viña D, Matos MJ, Ferino G, Cadoni E, Laguna R, Borges F, Uriarte E, Santana L. 8-Substituted 3-Arylcoumarins as Potent and Selective MAO-B Inhibitors: Synthesis, Pharmacological Evaluation, and Docking Studies. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:464-70. [PMID: 22287164 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Viña
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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193
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Distinto S, Yáñez M, Alcaro S, Cardia MC, Gaspari M, Sanna ML, Meleddu R, Ortuso F, Kirchmair J, Markt P, Bolasco A, Wolber G, Secci D, Maccioni E. Synthesis and biological assessment of novel 2-thiazolylhydrazones and computational analysis of their recognition by monoamine oxidase B. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 48:284-95. [PMID: 22222137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) is a promising target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. We report the synthesis and the biological evaluation of halogenated derivatives of 1-aryliden-2-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)hydrazines. The fluorinated series shows interesting activity and great selectivity toward the human recombinant MAO-B isoform expressed in baculovirus infected BTI insect cells. The multiple crystal structures alignment of the enzyme highlighted pronounced induced fit (IF) adaptations with respect to bound ligands. Therefore, IF docking (IFD) experiments and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were carried out to reveal the putative binding mode and to explain the experimentally observed differences in the activity of 1-(aryliden-2-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)hydrazines. The importance of water molecules within the binding site was also investigated. These are known to play an important role in the binding site cavity and to mediate protein-ligand interactions. Detailed analyses of the trajectories provide insights on the chemical features required for the activity of this scaffold. In particular it was highlighted the importance of fluorine atom interacting with the water close to the cofactor and the influence of steric bulkiness of substituents in the arylidene moiety. Free energy perturbation (FEP) analysis confirmed experimental data. The information we deduced will help to develop novel high-affinity MAO-B inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Distinto
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi Magna Græcia di Catanzaro, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro (CZ), Italy
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194
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Milczek EM, Binda C, Rovida S, Mattevi A, Edmondson DE. The 'gating' residues Ile199 and Tyr326 in human monoamine oxidase B function in substrate and inhibitor recognition. FEBS J 2011; 278:4860-9. [PMID: 21978362 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08386.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The major structural difference between human monoamine oxidases A (MAO A) and B (MAO B) is that MAO A has a monopartite substrate cavity of ~550 Å(3) volume and MAO B contains a dipartite cavity structure with volumes of ~290 Å(3) (entrance cavity) and ~400 Å(3) (substrate cavity). Ile199 and Tyr326 side chains separate these two cavities in MAO B. To probe the function of these gating residues, Ile199Ala and Ile199Ala-Tyr326Ala mutant forms of MAO B were investigated. Structural data on the Ile199Ala MAO B mutant show no alterations in active site geometries compared with wild-type enzyme while the Ile199Ala-Tyr326Ala MAO B mutant exhibits alterations in residues 100-103 which are part of the loop gating the entrance to the active site. Both mutant enzymes exhibit catalytic properties with increased amine K(M) but unaltered k(cat) values. The altered K(M) values on mutation are attributed to the influence of the cavity structure in the binding and subsequent deprotonation of the amine substrate. Both mutant enzymes exhibit weaker binding affinities relative to wild-type enzyme for small reversible inhibitors. Ile199Ala MAO B exhibits an increase in binding affinity for reversible MAO B specific inhibitors which bridge both cavities. The Ile199Ala-Tyr326Ala double mutant exhibits inhibitor binding properties more similar to those of MAO A than to MAO B. These results demonstrate that the bipartite cavity structure in MAO B plays an important role in substrate and inhibitor recognition to distinguish its specificities from those of MAO A and provide insights into specific reversible inhibitor design for these membrane-bound enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika M Milczek
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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195
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Molecular insights into human monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition by 1,4-naphthoquinone: evidences for menadione (vitamin K3) acting as a competitive and reversible inhibitor of MAO. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:7416-24. [PMID: 22071524 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 10/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and exogenous amines and its inhibitors have therapeutic value for several conditions including affective disorders, stroke, neurodegenerative diseases and aging. The discovery of 2,3,6-trimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (TMN) as a nonselective and reversible inhibitor of MAO, has suggested 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NQ) as a potential scaffold for designing new MAO inhibitors. Combining molecular modeling tools and biochemical assays we evaluate the kinetic and molecular details of the inhibition of human MAO by 1,4-NQ, comparing it with TMN and menadione. Menadione (2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) is a multitarget drug that acts as a precursor of vitamin K and an inducer of mitochondrial permeability transition. Herein we show that MAO-B was inhibited competitively by 1,4-NQ (K(i)=1.4 μM) whereas MAO-A was inhibited by non-competitive mechanism (K(i)=7.7 μM). Contrasting with TMN and 1,4-NQ, menadione exhibited a 60-fold selectivity for MAO-B (K(i)=0.4 μM) in comparison with MAO-A (K(i)=26 μM), which makes it as selective as rasagiline. Fluorescence and molecular modeling data indicated that these inhibitors interact with the flavin moiety at the active site of the enzyme. Additionally, docking studies suggest the phenyl side groups of Tyr407 and Tyr444 (for MAO-A) or Tyr398 and Tyr435 (for MAO-B) play an important role in the interaction of the enzyme with 1,4-NQ scaffold through forces of dispersion as verified for menadione, TMN and 1,4-NQ. Taken together, our findings reveal the molecular details of MAO inhibition by 1,4-NQ scaffold and show for the first time that menadione acts as a competitive and reversible inhibitor of human MAO.
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196
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Binda C, Aldeco M, Geldenhuys WJ, Tortorici M, Mattevi A, Edmondson DE. Molecular Insights into Human Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibition by the Glitazone Anti-Diabetes Drugs. ACS Med Chem Lett 2011; 3:39-42. [PMID: 22282722 DOI: 10.1021/ml200196p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The widely employed anti-diabetic drug pioglitazone (Actos) is shown to be a specific and reversible inhibitor of human monoamine oxidase B (MAO B). The crystal structure of the enzyme-inhibitor complex shows the R-enantiomer is bound with the thiazolidinedione ring near the flavin. The molecule occupies both substrate and entrance cavities of the active site establishing non-covalent interactions with the surrounding amino acids. These binding properties differentiate pioglitazone from the clinically used MAO inhibitors, which act through covalent inhibition mechanisms and do not exhibit a high degree of MAO A versus B selectivity. Rosiglitazone (Avandia) and troglitazone, other members of the glitazone class, are less selective in that they are weaker inhibitors of both MAO A and MAO B These results suggest that pioglitazone may have utility as a "re-purposed" neuro-protectant drug in retarding the progression of disease in Parkinson's patients. They also provide new insights for the development of reversible isoenzyme-specific MAO inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Binda
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Milagros Aldeco
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Werner J. Geldenhuys
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
44272, United States
| | - Marcello Tortorici
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Mattevi
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Dale E. Edmondson
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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197
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Khan FA, Campbell AJ, Hoyt B, Herdman C, Ku T, Thangavelu S, Gordon RK. Oxidative mechanisms for the biotransformation of 1-methyl-1,6-dihydropyridine-2-carbaldoxime to pralidoxime chloride. Life Sci 2011; 89:911-7. [PMID: 21989207 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Due to pralidoxime chloride's (2-PAM) positive charge, it's penetration through the blood brain barrier (BBB) and reactivation of organophosphate (OP) inhibited central nervous system (CNS) acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is poor. The results of CNS inhibited AChE are seizures. Pro-2-PAM (1-methyl-1,6-dihydropyridine-2-carbaldoxime), a pro-drug of 2-PAM, due to higher hydrophobicity, penetrates the BBB better but must be oxidized to 2-PAM, the active form of the oxime to reactivate CNS AChE in order to abrogate seizures. In this study, we characterize the in vivo mechanism of pro-2-PAM oxidation. MAIN METHODS A high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay was developed to quantify the conversion of pro-2-PAM to 2-PAM. NADPH oxidase activity was measured by a photo-luminescence assay using lucigenin substrate. Upon analysis, the rate of NADPH induced oxidation suggested that an alternate mechanism may be involved. Therefore, various enzyme co-factors of oxidation-reduction enzyme systems were evaluated, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), riboflavin 5'-phosphate (FMN), and riboflavin. Next, a spectrophotometric assay was developed to measure the conversion of pro-2-PAM to 2-PAM in the presence of riboflavin. KEY FINDINGS In guinea pig brain homogenate, diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), a specific NADPH oxidase inhibitor, reduced pro-2-PAM to 2-PAM conversion to less than 25%. In contrast, riboflavin, FAD, and FMN rapidly oxidized all pro-2-PAM to 2-PAM in an in vitro assay. Riboflavin oxidized pro-2-PAM reactivated diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) inhibited AChE. SIGNIFICANCE The present study shows that pro-2-PAM was rapidly oxidized by riboflavin to 2-PAM, which reactivated organophosphate (OP)-inhibited AChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhat A Khan
- Department of Regulated Laboratories, Division of Regulated Activities, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States.
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198
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Synthesis and selective human monoamine oxidase inhibition of 3-carbonyl, 3-acyl, and 3-carboxyhydrazido coumarin derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:4846-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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199
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Reactive oxygen species and permeability transition pore in rat liver and kidney mitoplasts. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2011; 43:709-15. [PMID: 21964737 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-011-9384-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial permeability transition is typically characterized by Ca(2+) and oxidative stress-induced opening of a nonselective proteinaceous membrane pore sensitive to cyclosporin A, known as the permeability transition pore (PTP). Data from our laboratory provide evidence that the PTP is formed when inner membrane proteins aggregate as a result of disulfide cross-linking caused by thiol oxidation. Here we compared the redox properties between PTP in intact mitochondria and mitoplasts. The rat liver mitoplasts retained less than 5% and 10% of the original outer membrane markers monoamine oxidase and VDAC, respectively. Kidney mitoplasts also showed a partial depletion of hexokinase. In line with the redox nature of the PTP, mitoplasts that were more susceptible to PTP opening than intact mitochondria showed higher rates of H(2)O(2) generation and decreased matrix NADPH-dependent antioxidant activity. Mitoplast PTP was also sensitive to the permeability transition inducer tert-butyl hydroperoxide and to the inhibitors cyclosporin A, EGTA, ADP, dithiothreitol and catalase. Taken together, these data indicate that, in mitoplasts, PTP exhibits redox regulatory characteristics similar to those described for intact mitochondria.
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200
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Borštnar R, Repič M, Kržan M, Mavri J, Vianello R. Irreversible Inhibition of Monoamine Oxidase B by the Antiparkinsonian Medicines Rasagiline and Selegiline: A Computational Study. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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