151
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Mao Y, Bleuel M, Lyu Y, Zhang X, Henderson D, Wang H, Briber RM. Phase Separation and Stack Alignment in Aqueous Cellulose Nanocrystal Suspension under Weak Magnetic Field. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:8042-8051. [PMID: 29957957 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Isotropic-nematic (I-N) transitions in cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) suspension and self-assembled structures in the isotropic and nematic phases were investigated using scattering and microscopy methods. A CNC suspension with a mass fraction of 7.4% spontaneously phase separated into an isotropic phase of 6.9% in the top layer and a nematic phase of 7.9% in the bottom layer. In both the phases, the CNC particles formed stacks with an interparticle distance being of ≈37 nm. One-dimensional small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) profiles due to both phases could be fitted using a stacking model considering finite particle sizes. SANS and atomic force microscopy studies indicate that the nematic phase in the bottom layer contains more populations of larger particles. A weak magnetic field of ≈0.5 T was able to induce a preferred orientation of CNC stacks in the nematic phase, with the stack normals being aligned with the field (perpendicular to the long axis of CNC particles). The Hermans orientation parameter, ⟨ P2⟩, was ≈0.5 for the nematic phase; it remained unchanged during the relaxation process of ≈10 h. The fraction of oriented CNC populations decreased during the relaxation; dramatic decrease occurred in the first 3 h. The top layer remained isotropic in the weak field. Polarized microscopy studies revealed that the nematic phase was chiral. Adjacent particles in a stack form a twisting angle of ≈0.6 °, resulting in a helix pitch distance of ≈22 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Mao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Markus Bleuel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Yadong Lyu
- Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Doug Henderson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Howard Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Robert M Briber
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
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152
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Abstract
The influence of ozonation on the homogenization of Kraft bamboo pulp (KBP) for the production of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) was studied. Using optimized conditions for ozonation, that is, pulp consistency 35%, ozone dosage 0.87% (v/w), and pH=2.5, the kappa number and viscosity of KBP decreased from 10.8 to 2.8 and from 1024 mL∙g−1 to 258 mL∙g−1, respectively, while the crystallinity and carboxylate content increased from 36.2% to 48% and 0.93 mmol/g to 1.26 mmol/g, respectively. The ozonation-treated KPB was used as the substrate for NFC preparation through homogenization. With a width of 10–20 nm and length≥250 nm, the prepared NFC had a high aspect ratio of length versus width. Ozonation can be used as an alternative approach to promote the efficient production of NFC from KBP.
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153
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Zhang C, Zhou M, Liu S, Wang B, Mao Z, Xu H, Zhong Y, Zhang L, Xu B, Sui X. Copper-loaded nanocellulose sponge as a sustainable catalyst for regioselective hydroboration of alkynes. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 191:17-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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154
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Preparation of acetylated nanofibrillated cellulose from corn stalk microcrystalline cellulose and its reinforcing effect on starch films. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:959-966. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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155
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Foster EJ, Moon RJ, Agarwal UP, Bortner MJ, Bras J, Camarero-Espinosa S, Chan KJ, Clift MJD, Cranston ED, Eichhorn SJ, Fox DM, Hamad WY, Heux L, Jean B, Korey M, Nieh W, Ong KJ, Reid MS, Renneckar S, Roberts R, Shatkin JA, Simonsen J, Stinson-Bagby K, Wanasekara N, Youngblood J. Current characterization methods for cellulose nanomaterials. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:2609-2679. [PMID: 29658545 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00895j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A new family of materials comprised of cellulose, cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs), having properties and functionalities distinct from molecular cellulose and wood pulp, is being developed for applications that were once thought impossible for cellulosic materials. Commercialization, paralleled by research in this field, is fueled by the unique combination of characteristics, such as high on-axis stiffness, sustainability, scalability, and mechanical reinforcement of a wide variety of materials, leading to their utility across a broad spectrum of high-performance material applications. However, with this exponential growth in interest/activity, the development of measurement protocols necessary for consistent, reliable and accurate materials characterization has been outpaced. These protocols, developed in the broader research community, are critical for the advancement in understanding, process optimization, and utilization of CNMs in materials development. This review establishes detailed best practices, methods and techniques for characterizing CNM particle morphology, surface chemistry, surface charge, purity, crystallinity, rheological properties, mechanical properties, and toxicity for two distinct forms of CNMs: cellulose nanocrystals and cellulose nanofibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Johan Foster
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, 445 Old Turner St, 203 Holden Hall, Blacksburg, 24061, VA, USA.
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156
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Bogdanova OI, Chvalun SN. Polysaccharide-based natural and synthetic nanocomposites. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x16050047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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157
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Recent Strategies in Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Cellulose Nanofibrils Derived from Raw Cellulose Materials. INT J POLYM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/7923068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent strategies in preparation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were described. CNCs and CNFs are two types of nanocelluloses (NCs), and they possess various superior properties, such as large specific surface area, high tensile strength and stiffness, low density, and low thermal expansion coefficient. Due to various applications in biomedical engineering, food, sensor, packaging, and so on, there are many studies conducted on CNCs and CNFs. In this review, various methods of preparation of CNCs and CNFs are summarized, including mechanical, chemical, and biological methods. The methods of pretreatment of cellulose are described in view of the benefits to fibrillation.
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158
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Flexible and Lightweight Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Cellulose Nanofibrils and Carbon Fibers. BATTERIES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/batteries4020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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159
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160
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Xu HN, Li YH. Decoupling Arrest Origins in Hydrogels of Cellulose Nanofibrils. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:1564-1571. [PMID: 31458480 PMCID: PMC6641346 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal gels with various architectures and different types of interactions provide a unique opportunity to shed light on the interplay between microscopic structures and mechanical properties of soft glassy materials. Here, we prepare acetylated cellulose nanofibrils with 2 degrees of substitution and make a structural and rheological characterization of their hydrogels. Two-step yielding processes are observed in the shear experiments, which allow us to deduce more precise knowledge regarding localized structural changes of the fibrils. We separate the viscoelastic response into two contributions: the establishment of cross-linked clusters on a fibril level and the arrested phase separation on a cluster level. We hypothesize that with the addition of salt, the hydrogels exhibit different arrested states that are identified as unable to access the thermodynamic equilibrium. Our results highlight that the coexistence of gelation and glass transitions are experimentally recognized in the hydrogels, with a global gelation driven by a local glasslike arrest during spinodal decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Neng Xu
- State Key Laboratory
of Food Science and Technology and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory
of Food Science and Technology and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People’s Republic of China
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161
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Geng L, Mittal N, Zhan C, Ansari F, Sharma PR, Peng X, Hsiao BS, Söderberg LD. Understanding the Mechanistic Behavior of Highly Charged Cellulose Nanofibers in Aqueous Systems. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Geng
- National
Engineer Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing,
the Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of
Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | | | - Chengbo Zhan
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Farhan Ansari
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Priyanka R. Sharma
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Xiangfang Peng
- National
Engineer Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing,
the Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of
Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Benjamin S. Hsiao
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
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162
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Orelma H, Virtanen T, Spoljaric S, Lehmonen J, Seppälä J, Rojas OJ, Harlin A. Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Fiber Yarns Spun from Deep Eutectic Cellulose Solutions for Nonspecific Hormone Capture in Aqueous Matrices. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:652-661. [PMID: 29366320 PMCID: PMC6150646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A wood
based yarn platform for capturing pharmaceutical molecules
from water was developed. Cellulose fiber yarns were modified with
cyclodextrins, and the capture of 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2),
a synthetic estrogen hormone used as contraceptive, from water was
tested. The yarns were prepared by spinning a deep eutectic solution
(DES) of cellulose in choline chloride-urea. Despite their high porosity
and water sorption capacity (5 g/g), the spun fiber yarns displayed
high wet strength, up to 60% of that recorded in dry condition (128
MPa with 17% strain at break). Cyclodextrin irreversible attachment
on the yarns was achieved with adsorbed chitosan and the conjugation
reactions and capture of EE2 by the cyclodextrin-modified cellulose
were confirmed via online detection with Surface Plasmon Resonance
(SPR). The facile synthesis of the bioactive yarns and EE2 binding
capacity from aqueous matrices (as high as 2.5 mg/g) indicate excellent
prospects for inexpensive platforms in disposable affinity filtration.
The study presents a strategy to produce a wood fiber based yarn to
be used as a platform for human and veterinary pharmaceutical hormone
capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Orelma
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd , Biologinkuja 7, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Tommi Virtanen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd , Biologinkuja 7, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Jani Lehmonen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd , Biologinkuja 7, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | | | | | - Ali Harlin
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd , Biologinkuja 7, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
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163
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Chemical modification of cellulose-rich fibres to clarify the influence of the chemical structure on the physical and mechanical properties of cellulose fibres and thereof made sheets. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 182:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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164
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Tibolla H, Pelissari F, Martins J, Vicente A, Menegalli F. Cellulose nanofibers produced from banana peel by chemical and mechanical treatments: Characterization and cytotoxicity assessment. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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165
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Kaldéus T, Nordenström M, Carlmark A, Wågberg L, Malmström E. Insights into the EDC-mediated PEGylation of cellulose nanofibrils and their colloidal stability. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 181:871-878. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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166
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Preparation and characterization of the spherical nanosized cellulose by the enzymatic hydrolysis of pulp fibers. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 181:879-884. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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167
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Hamou KB, Kaddami H, Dufresne A, Boufi S, Magnin A, Erchiqui F. Impact of TEMPO-oxidization strength on the properties of cellulose nanofibril reinforced polyvinyl acetate nanocomposites. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 181:1061-1070. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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168
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Ruan CQ, Gustafsson S, Strømme M, Mihranyan A, Lindh J. Cellulose Nanofibers Prepared via Pretreatment Based on Oxone ® Oxidation. Molecules 2017; 22:E2177. [PMID: 29292731 PMCID: PMC6149769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Softwood sulfite bleached cellulose pulp was oxidized with Oxone® and cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were produced after mechanical treatment with a high-shear homogenizer. UV-vis transmittance of dispersions of oxidized cellulose with different degrees of mechanical treatment was recorded. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of samples prepared from the translucent dispersions showed individualized cellulose nanofibers with a width of about 10 nm and lengths of a few hundred nm. All results demonstrated that more translucent CNF dispersions could be obtained after the pretreatment of cellulose pulp by Oxone® oxidation compared with the samples produced without pretreatment. The intrinsic viscosity of the cellulose decreased after oxidation and was further reduced after mechanical treatment. Almost translucent cellulose films were prepared from the dispersions of individualized cellulose nanofibers. The procedure described herein constitutes a green, novel, and efficient route to access CNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Qing Ruan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Simon Gustafsson
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Maria Strømme
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Lindh
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
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169
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Completely biodegradable composites reinforced by the cellulose nanofibers of pineapple leaves modified by eco-friendly methods. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-017-1367-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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170
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Sato Y, Kusaka Y, Kobayashi M. Charging and Aggregation Behavior of Cellulose Nanofibers in Aqueous Solution. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:12660-12669. [PMID: 29016142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To understand the charging and aggregation of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), we performed the following experimental and theoretical studies. The charging behavior of CNFs was characterized by potentiometric acid-base titration measuring the density of deprotonated carboxyl groups at different KCl concentrations. The charging behavior from the titration was quantitatively described by the 1-pK Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) model for a cylinder. The electrophoretic mobility of CNFs was measured as a function of pH by electrophoretic light scattering. The mobility was analyzed with the equation for an infinitely long cylinder considering the relaxation of the electric double layer. Good agreement between experimental mobilities and theoretical calculation was obtained by assuming a reasonable distance from the surface to the slipping plane. The result demonstrated that the negative charge of CNFs originates from the deprotonation of β(1-4)-d-glucuronan on the surface. The aggregation behavior of CNFs was studied by measuring the hydrodynamic diameter of CNFs at different pH and KCl concentrations. Also, we calculated the capture efficiencies of aggregation, using interaction energies of perpendicularly and parallelly oriented cylinders. The interaction energies between cylinders in both orientations were obtained by the Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek theory, where the electrostatic repulsion was calculated from the surface potential obtained by the 1-pK PB model. From comparison of the theoretical capture efficiency with the measured hydrodynamic diameter, we suggest that CNFs can be aggregated in perpendicular orientation at low pH and low salt concentration, and the fast aggregation regime of CNFs is realized by the reduction of electric repulsion for both perpendicularly and parallelly interacting CNFs. Meanwhile, the application of Smoluchowski's equation to the mobility of CNFs results in the underestimation of the zeta potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sato
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kusaka
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Study and Technology , 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Motoyoshi Kobayashi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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171
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Lu H, Guccini V, Kim H, Salazar-Alvarez G, Lindbergh G, Cornell A. Effects of Different Manufacturing Processes on TEMPO-Oxidized Carboxylated Cellulose Nanofiber Performance as Binder for Flexible Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:37712-37720. [PMID: 28972727 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylated cellulose nanofibers (CNF) prepared using the TEMPO-route are good binders of electrode components in flexible lithium-ion batteries (LIB). However, the different parameters employed for the defibrillation of CNF such as charge density and degree of homogenization affect its properties when used as binder. This work presents a systematic study of CNF prepared with different surface charge densities and varying degrees of homogenization and their performance as binder for flexible LiFePO4 electrodes. The results show that the CNF with high charge density had shorter fiber lengths compared with those of CNF with low charge density, as observed with atomic force microscopy. Also, CNF processed with a large number of passes in the homogenizer showed a better fiber dispersibility, as observed from rheological measurements. The electrodes fabricated with highly charged CNF exhibited the best mechanical and electrochemical properties. The CNF at the highest charge density (1550 μmol g-1) and lowest degree of homogenization (3 + 3 passes in the homogenizer) achieved the overall best performance, including a high Young's modulus of approximately 311 MPa and a good rate capability with a stable specific capacity of 116 mAh g-1 even up to 1 C. This work allows a better understanding of the influence of the processing parameters of CNF on their performance as binder for flexible electrodes. The results also contribute to the understanding of the optimal processing parameters of CNF to fabricate other materials, e.g., membranes or separators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiran Lu
- Applied Electrochemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valentina Guccini
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hyeyun Kim
- Applied Electrochemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - German Salazar-Alvarez
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Lindbergh
- Applied Electrochemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann Cornell
- Applied Electrochemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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172
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Serra A, González I, Oliver-Ortega H, Tarrès Q, Delgado-Aguilar M, Mutjé P. Reducing the Amount of Catalyst in TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers: Effect on Properties and Cost. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E557. [PMID: 30965860 PMCID: PMC6418795 DOI: 10.3390/polym9110557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) are interesting biopolymers that find numerous applications in different scientific and technological fields. However, manufacturing costs are still one of the main drawbacks for the industrial production of highly fibrillated, transparent CNF suspensions. In the present study, cellulose nanofibers were produced from bleached eucalyptus pulp via TEMPO-mediated oxidation with varying amounts of NaClO and passed through a high-pressure homogenizer. The CNFs were chemically and physically characterized; cellulose nanopapers were also produced to study tensile properties. Production costs were also calculated. Results indicated that CNF properties are strongly dependent on the carboxyl content. Manufacturing costs showed that chemicals, in particular TEMPO catalyst, represent a large part of the final cost of CNFs. In order to solve this problem, a set of samples were prepared where the amount of TEMPO was gradually reduced. Characterization of samples prepared in this way showed that not only were the costs reduced, but also that the final properties of the CNFs were not significantly affected when the amount of TEMPO was reduced to half.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Serra
- Group LEPAMAP, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Girona, c/M. Aurèlia Campmany, n° 61, Girona 17071, Spain.
| | - Israel González
- Group LEPAMAP, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Girona, c/M. Aurèlia Campmany, n° 61, Girona 17071, Spain.
| | - Helena Oliver-Ortega
- Group LEPAMAP, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Girona, c/M. Aurèlia Campmany, n° 61, Girona 17071, Spain.
| | - Quim Tarrès
- Group LEPAMAP, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Girona, c/M. Aurèlia Campmany, n° 61, Girona 17071, Spain.
| | - Marc Delgado-Aguilar
- Group LEPAMAP, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Girona, c/M. Aurèlia Campmany, n° 61, Girona 17071, Spain.
| | - Pere Mutjé
- Group LEPAMAP, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Girona, c/M. Aurèlia Campmany, n° 61, Girona 17071, Spain.
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173
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Xue Y, Mou Z, Xiao H. Nanocellulose as a sustainable biomass material: structure, properties, present status and future prospects in biomedical applications. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:14758-14781. [PMID: 28967940 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04994c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose, extracted from the most abundant biomass material cellulose, has proved to be an environmentally friendly material with excellent mechanical performance owing to its unique nano-scaled structure, and has been used in a variety of applications as engineering and functional materials. The great biocompatibility and biodegradability, in particular, render nanocellulose promising in biomedical applications. In this review, the structure, treatment technology and properties of three different nanocellulose categories, i.e., nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), are introduced and compared. The cytotoxicity, biocompatibility and frontier applications in biomedicine of the three nanocellulose categories were the focus and are detailed in each section. Future prospects concerning the cytotoxicity, applications and industrial production of nanocellulose are also discussed in the last section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Oil & Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
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174
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Funahashi R, Okita Y, Hondo H, Zhao M, Saito T, Isogai A. Different Conformations of Surface Cellulose Molecules in Native Cellulose Microfibrils Revealed by Layer-by-Layer Peeling. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:3687-3694. [PMID: 28954511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Layer-by-layer peeling of surface molecules of native cellulose microfibrils was performed using a repeated sequential process of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical-mediated oxidation followed by hot alkali extraction. Both highly crystalline algal and tunicate celluloses and low-crystalline cotton and wood celluloses were investigated. Initially, the C6-hydroxy groups of the outermost surface molecules of each algal cellulose microfibril facing the exterior had the gauche-gauche (gg) conformation, whereas those facing the interior had the gauche-trans (gt) conformation. All the other C6-hydroxy groups of the cellulose molecules inside the microfibrils contributing to crystalline cellulose I had the trans-gauche (tg) conformation. After surface peeling, the originally second-layer molecules from the microfibril surface became the outermost surface molecules, and the original tg conformation changed to gg and gt conformations. The plant cellulose microfibrils likely had disordered structures for both the outermost surface and second-layer molecules, as demonstrated using the same layer-by-layer peeling technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryunosuke Funahashi
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okita
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Hondo
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Mengchen Zhao
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tsuguyuki Saito
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Akira Isogai
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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175
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Jia C, Bian H, Gao T, Jiang F, Kierzewski IM, Wang Y, Yao Y, Chen L, Shao Z, Zhu JY, Hu L. Thermally Stable Cellulose Nanocrystals toward High-Performance 2D and 3D Nanostructures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:28922-28929. [PMID: 28766931 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanomaterials have attracted much attention in a broad range of fields such as flexible electronics, tissue engineering, and 3D printing for their excellent mechanical strength and intriguing optical properties. Economic, sustainable, and eco-friendly production of cellulose nanomaterials with high thermal stability, however, remains a tremendous challenge. Here versatile cellulose nanocrystals (DM-OA-CNCs) are prepared through fully recyclable oxalic acid (OA) hydrolysis along with disk-milling (DM) pretreatment of bleached kraft eucalyptus pulp. Compared with the commonly used cellulose nanocrystals from sulfuric acid hydrolysis, DM-OA-CNCs show several advantages including large aspect ratio, carboxylated surface, and excellent thermal stability along with high yield. We also successfully demonstrate the fabrication of high-performance films and 3D-printed patterns using DM-OA-CNCs. The high-performance films with high transparency, ultralow haze, and excellent thermal stability have the great potential for applications in flexible electronic devices. The 3D-printed patterns with porous structures can be potentially applied in the field of tissue engineering as scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Jia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, China
- Forest Products Laboratory, USDA Forest Service , Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Huiyang Bian
- Forest Products Laboratory, USDA Forest Service , Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Tingting Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Iain Michael Kierzewski
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yonggang Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Liheng Chen
- Forest Products Laboratory, USDA Forest Service , Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Ziqiang Shao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, China
| | - J Y Zhu
- Forest Products Laboratory, USDA Forest Service , Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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176
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Shi QX, Xia Q, Xiang X, Ye YS, Peng HY, Xue ZG, Xie XL, Mai YW. Self-Assembled Polymeric Ionic Liquid-Functionalized Cellulose Nano-crystals: Constructing 3D Ion-conducting Channels Within Ionic Liquid-based Composite Polymer Electrolytes. Chemistry 2017; 23:11881-11890. [PMID: 28613388 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Composite polymeric and ionic liquid (IL) electrolytes are some of the most promising electrolyte systems for safer battery technology. Although much effort has been directed towards enhancing the transport properties of polymer electrolytes (PEs) through nanoscopic modification by incorporating nano-fillers, it is still difficult to construct ideal ion conducting networks. Here, a novel class of three-dimensional self-assembled polymeric ionic liquid (PIL)-functionalized cellulose nano-crystals (CNC) confining ILs in surface-grafted PIL polymer chains, able to form colloidal crystal polymer electrolytes (CCPE), is reported. The high-strength CNC nano-fibers, decorated with PIL polymer chains, can spontaneously form three-dimensional interpenetrating nano-network scaffolds capable of supporting electrolytes with continuously connected ion conducting networks with IL being concentrated in conducting domains. These new CCPE have exceptional ionic conductivities, low activation energies (close to bulk IL electrolyte with dissolved Li salt), high Li+ transport numbers, low interface resistances and improved interface compatibilities. Furthermore, the CCPE displays good electrochemical properties and a good battery performance. This approach offers a route to leak-free, non-flammable and high ionic conductivity solid-state PE in energy conversion devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xuan Shi
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Qing Xia
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Xiang
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yun Sheng Ye
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Hai Yan Peng
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Gang Xue
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Lin Xie
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yiu-Wing Mai
- Centre for Advanced Materials Technology (CAMT), School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering J07, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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177
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Peng H, Zhang S, Yin Y, Jiang S, Mo W. Fabrication of c-6 position carboxyl regenerated cotton cellulose by H 2 O 2 and its promotion in flame retardency of epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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178
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Liu Q, Smalyukh II. Liquid crystalline cellulose-based nematogels. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1700981. [PMID: 28835927 PMCID: PMC5562421 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Physical properties of composite materials can be pre-engineered by controlling their structure and composition at the mesoscale. However, approaches to achieving this are limited and rarely scalable. We introduce a new breed of self-assembled nematogels formed by an orientationally ordered network of thin cellulose nanofibers infiltrated with a thermotropic nematic fluid. The interplay between orientational ordering within the nematic network and that of the small-molecule liquid crystal around it yields a composite with highly tunable optical properties. By means of combining experimental characterization and modeling, we demonstrate submillisecond electric switching of transparency and facile responses of the composite to temperature changes. Finally, we discuss a host of potential technological uses of these self-assembled nematogel composites, ranging from smart and privacy windows to novel flexible displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingkun Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Ivan I. Smalyukh
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, and Soft Materials Research Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, National Renewable Energy Laboratory and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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179
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Pinkl S, Veigel S, Colson J, Gindl-Altmutter W. Nanopaper Properties and Adhesive Performance of Microfibrillated Cellulose from Different (Ligno-)Cellulosic Raw Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E326. [PMID: 30971001 PMCID: PMC6418933 DOI: 10.3390/polym9080326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-adhesive potential of nanocellulose from aqueous cellulosic suspensions is of interest with regard to a potential replacement of synthetic adhesives. In order to evaluate the performance of microfibrillated cellulose from different (ligno-)cellulosic raw materials for this purpose, softwood and hardwood powder were fibrillated and compared to sugar beet pulp as a representative non-wood cellulose resource, and conventional microfibrillated cellulose produced from bleached pulp. An alkali pre-treatment of woody and sugar beet raw materials enhanced the degree of fibrillation achieved, same as TEMPO-mediated oxidation of microfibrillated cellulose. Nanopapers produced from fibrillated material showed highly variable density and mechanical performance, demonstrating that properties may be tuned by the choice of raw material. While nanopaper strength was highest for TEMPO-oxidated microfibrillated cellulose, fibrillated untreated sugar beet pulp showed the best adhesive performance. Different microscopic methods (AFM, SEM, light microscopy) examined the interface between wood and fibrillated material, showing particular distinctions to commercial adhesives. It is proposed that fibrillated material suspensions, which achieve bond strength up to 60% of commercial urea-formaldehyde adhesive, may provide a viable solution to bio-based adhesives in certain applications where wet-strength is not an issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Pinkl
- Competence Centre for Wood Composites and Wood Chemistry, Wood K Plus, Linz 4040, Austria.
| | - Stefan Veigel
- Department of Materials Science and Process Engineering, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna 1180, Austria.
| | - Jérôme Colson
- Department of Materials Science and Process Engineering, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna 1180, Austria.
| | - Wolfgang Gindl-Altmutter
- Competence Centre for Wood Composites and Wood Chemistry, Wood K Plus, Linz 4040, Austria.
- Department of Materials Science and Process Engineering, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna 1180, Austria.
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180
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Dang X, Cao X, Ke L, Ma Y, An J, Wang F. Combination of cellulose nanofibers and chain-end-functionalized polyethylene and their applications in nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Dang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Cao
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Linnan Ke
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control; Beijing 10050 People's Republic of China
| | - Yongmei Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing An
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Fosong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
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181
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Ottenhall A, Illergård J, Ek M. Water Purification Using Functionalized Cellulosic Fibers with Nonleaching Bacteria Adsorbing Properties. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:7616-7623. [PMID: 28514144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Portable purification systems are easy ways to obtain clean drinking water when there is no large-scale water treatment available. In this study, the potential to purify water using bacteria adsorbing cellulosic fibers, functionalized with polyelectrolytes according to the layer-by-layer method, is investigated. The adsorbed polyelectrolytes create a positive charge on the fiber surface that physically attracts and bonds with bacteria. Three types of cellulosic materials have been modified and tested for the bacterial removal capacity in water. The time, material-water ratio and bacterial concentration dependence, as well as the bacterial removal capacity in water from natural sources, have been evaluated. Freely dispersed bacteria adsorbing cellulosic fibers can remove greater than 99.9% of Escherichia coli from nonturbid water, with the most notable reduction occurring within the first hour. A filtering approach using modified cellulosic fibers is desirable for purification of natural water. An initial filtration test showed that polyelectrolyte multilayer modified cellulosic fibers can remove greater than 99% of bacteria from natural water. The bacteria adsorbing cellulosic fibers do not leach any biocides, and it is an environmentally sustainable and cheap option for disposable water purification devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ottenhall
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 56-58, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Josefin Illergård
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 56-58, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monica Ek
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 56-58, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
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182
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Van Rie J, Thielemans W. Cellulose-gold nanoparticle hybrid materials. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:8525-8554. [PMID: 28613299 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr00400a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose and gold nanoparticles have exciting characteristics and new combinations of both materials may lead to promising functional nanocomposites with unique properties. We have reviewed current research on cellulose-gold nanoparticle composite materials, and we present an overview of the preparation methods of cellulose-gold composite materials and discuss their applications. We start with the nanocomposite fabrication methods, covering in situ gold reduction, blending, and dip-coating methods to prepare gold-cellulose nanocomposite hybrids. We then move on to a discussion of the ensuing properties where the combination of gold nanoparticles with cellulose results in functional materials with specific catalytic, antimicrobial, sensing, antioxidant and Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) performance. Studies have also been carried out on orientationally ordered composite materials and on the chiral nematic phase behaviour of these nanocomposites. To exert even more control over the structure formation and the resultant properties of these functional materials, fundamental studies on the physico-chemical interactions of cellulose and gold are necessary to understand better the driving forces and limitations towards structuring of gold-cellulose hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Van Rie
- Renewable Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.
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183
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Jiang H, Wu Y, Han B, Zhang Y. Effect of oxidation time on the properties of cellulose nanocrystals from hybrid poplar residues using the ammonium persulfate. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 174:291-298. [PMID: 28821070 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This work was to investigate the influence of time on the properties of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) during the ammonium persulfate (APS) oxidation of hybrid poplar residues (HPHL). The CNCs at the different times were characterized by different techniques. The results showed that CNCs were thinned and shortened with increased oxidation time, and their yield, crystallinity index and zeta potential increased, however, these properties stayed constant after the APS oxidation for 16h. At this time, the CNC yield was more than 50%, and the CNCs had a zeta potential of -48.84mV and a CrI of 86.8%. More than 95% of CNCs had a width of 16.87±5.92nm, and 86.4% of them had a length-to-width ratio from 10 to 30. The primary hydroxyl groups were regioselectively oxidized during the APS treatment. Therefore, the CNCs with stable properties could be extracted from HPHL using APS oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Jiang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yu Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Binbin Han
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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184
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Bossa N, Carpenter AW, Kumar N, de Lannoy CF, Wiesner M. Cellulose nanocrystal zero-valent iron nanocomposites for groundwater remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2017; 6:1294-1303. [PMID: 29725541 PMCID: PMC5929147 DOI: 10.1039/c6en00572a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nano-ZVIs) have been widely studied for in situ remediation of groundwater and other environmental matrices. Nano-ZVI particle mobility and reactivity are still the main impediments in achieving efficient in situ groundwater remediation. Compared to the nano-ZVI "coating" strategy, nano-ZVI stabilization on supporting material allows direct contact with the contaminant, reduces the electron path from the nano-ZVI to the target contaminant and increases nano-ZVI reactivity. Herein, we report the synthesis of nano-ZVI stabilized by cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) rigid nanomaterials (CNC-nano-ZVI; Fe/CNC = 1 w/w) with two different CNC functional surfaces (-OH and -COOH) using a classic sodium borohydride synthesis pathway. The final nanocomposites were thoroughly characterized and the reactivity of CNC-nano-ZVIs was assessed by their methyl orange (MO) dye degradation potential. The mobility of nanocomposites was determined in (sand/glass bead) porous media by utilizing a series of flowthrough transport column experiments. The synthesized CNC-nano-ZVI provided a stable colloidal suspension and demonstrated high mobility in porous media with an attachment efficiency (α) value of less than 0.23. In addition, reactivity toward MO increased up to 25% compared to bare ZVI. The use of CNC as a delivery vehicle shows promising potential to further improve the capability and applicability of nano-ZVI for in situ groundwater remediation and can spur advancements in CNC-based nanocomposites for their application in environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Bossa
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, 120 Hudson Hall, Durham, NC 27708-0287, USA
| | - Alexis Wells Carpenter
- AxNano // Triad Growth Partners, 2901 East Gate City Boulevard, Suite 200, Greensboro, NC 27510, USA
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), Duke University, P.O. Box 90287, Durham, NC 27708-0287, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2115, USA
| | | | - Mark Wiesner
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, 120 Hudson Hall, Durham, NC 27708-0287, USA
- Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), Duke University, P.O. Box 90287, Durham, NC 27708-0287, USA
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185
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Aspects on nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) processing, rheology and NFC-film properties. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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186
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Bacterial adhesion to polyvinylamine-modified nanocellulose films. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 151:224-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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187
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Mao Y, Liu K, Zhan C, Geng L, Chu B, Hsiao BS. Characterization of Nanocellulose Using Small-Angle Neutron, X-ray, and Dynamic Light Scattering Techniques. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:1340-1351. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b11425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Mao
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- NIST
Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Kai Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Chengbo Zhan
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Lihong Geng
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Benjamin Chu
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Benjamin S. Hsiao
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
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188
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Balea A, Monte MC, de la Fuente E, Negro C, Blanco Á. Application of cellulose nanofibers to remove water-based flexographic inks from wastewaters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:5049-5059. [PMID: 28000073 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8257-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Water-based or flexographic inks in paper and plastic industries are more environmentally favourable than organic solvent-based inks. However, their use also creates new challenges because they remain dissolved in water and alter the recycling process. Conventional deinking technologies such as flotation processes do not effectively remove them. Adsorption, coagulation/flocculation, biological and membrane processes are either expensive or have negative health impacts, making the development of alternative methods necessary. Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) are biodegradable, and their structural and mechanical properties are useful for wastewater treatment. TEMPO-oxidised CNF have been evaluated for the decolourisation of wastewaters that contained copper phthalocyanine blue, carbon black and diarlyide yellow pigments. CNF in combination with a cationic polyacrylamide (cPAM) has also been tested. Jar-test methodology was used to evaluate the efficiency of the different treatments and cationic/anionic demand, turbidity and ink concentration in waters were measured. Results show that dual-component system for ink removal has a high potential as an alternative bio-based adsorbent for the removal of water-based inks. In addition, experiments varying CNF and cPAM concentrations were performed to optimise the ink-removal process. Ink concentration reductions of 100%, 87.5% and 83.3% were achieved for copper phthalocyanine blue, carbon black and diarlyide yellow pigments, respectively. Flocculation studies carried out show the decolourisation mechanism during the dual-component treatment of wastewaters containing water-based inks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Balea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Complutense University of Madrid, Avd. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Concepción Monte
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Complutense University of Madrid, Avd. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena de la Fuente
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Complutense University of Madrid, Avd. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Negro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Complutense University of Madrid, Avd. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles Blanco
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Complutense University of Madrid, Avd. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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189
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Cellulose oxidation by Laccase-TEMPO treatments. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157:1488-1495. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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190
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Benselfelt T, Pettersson T, Wågberg L. Influence of Surface Charge Density and Morphology on the Formation of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers on Smooth Charged Cellulose Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:968-979. [PMID: 28045539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the importance of the surface charge for the formation of polyelectrolyte multilayers, layer-by-layer (LbL) assemblies of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (pDADMAC) and polystyrenesulfonate (PSS) have been investigated on cellulose films with different carboxylic acid contents (20, 350, 870, and 1200 μmol/g) regenerated from oxidized cellulose. The wet cellulose films were thoroughly characterized prior to multilayer deposition using quantitative nanomechanical mapping (QNM), which showed that the mechanical properties were greatly affected by the degree of oxidation of the cellulose. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) force measurements were used to determine the surface potential of the cellulose films by fitting the force data to the DLVO theory. With the exception of the 1200 μmol/g film, the force measurements showed a second-order polynomial increase in surface potential with increasing degree of oxidation. The low surface potential for the 1200 μmol/g film was attributed to the low degree of regeneration of the cellulose film in aqueous media due to increasing solubility with increasing charge. The multilayer formation was characterized using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) and stagnation-point adsorption reflectometry (SPAR). Extensive deswelling was observed for the charged films when pDADMAC was adsorbed due to the reduced osmotic pressure when ions inside the film were released, and the 1:1 charge compensation showed that all the charges in the films were reached by the pDADMAC. The multilayer formation was not significantly affected by the charge density above 350 μmol/g due to interlayer repulsions, but it was strongly affected by the salt concentration during the layer build-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Benselfelt
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology and Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Pettersson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology and Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Wågberg
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology and Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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191
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Li P, Sirviö JA, Haapala A, Liimatainen H. Cellulose Nanofibrils from Nonderivatizing Urea-Based Deep Eutectic Solvent Pretreatments. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:2846-2855. [PMID: 27997111 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a fairly new class of green solvents applied in various fields. This study investigates urea-based DES systems as novel pretreatments for cellulose nanofibril production. In the experiments, deep eutectic systems having urea and ammonium thiocyanate or guanidine hydrochloride as a second component were formed at 100 °C and then applied to disintegrate wood-derived cellulose fibers. The DES-pretreated fibers were nanofibrillated into three different levels of mechanical treatments with a microfluidizer, and their properties were analyzed. Moreover, nanofibril films were fabricated by solvent casting method. Both DES systems were able to loosen and swell the cellulose fiber structure as indicated by the increase in the lateral dimension of the fibers. Nonpretreated birch cellulose fibers had difficulties in mechanical nanofibrillation as clogging of the chamber occurred often. However, cellulose nanofibrils with widths ranging from 13.0 to 19.3 nm were successfully fabricated from DES-pretreated fibers with both systems. Translucent nanofibril films generated from DES-pretreated cellulose nanofibrils had good thermal stability and mechanical properties, with tensile strengths of approximately 135-189 MPa and elastic modulus of 6.4-7.7 GPa. Consequently, both urea-based DESs showed a high potential as environmentally friendly solvents in the manufacture of cellulose nanofibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Li
- Fibre and Particle Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu , P. O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Juho Antti Sirviö
- Fibre and Particle Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu , P. O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti Haapala
- Wood Materials Science, University of Eastern Finland , P. O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Henrikki Liimatainen
- Fibre and Particle Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu , P. O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
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192
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Blomquist N, Wells T, Andres B, Bäckström J, Forsberg S, Olin H. Metal-free supercapacitor with aqueous electrolyte and low-cost carbon materials. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39836. [PMID: 28054560 PMCID: PMC5215603 DOI: 10.1038/srep39836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) or supercapacitors (SCs) are fast energy storage devices with high pulse efficiency and superior cyclability, which makes them useful in various applications including electronics, vehicles and grids. Aqueous SCs are considered to be more environmentally friendly than those based on organic electrolytes. Because of the corrosive nature of the aqueous environment, however, expensive electrochemically stable materials are needed for the current collectors and electrodes in aqueous SCs. This results in high costs for a given energy-storage capacity. To address this, we developed a novel low-cost aqueous SC using graphite foil as the current collector and a mix of graphene, nanographite, simple water-purification carbons and nanocellulose as electrodes. The electrodes were coated directly onto the graphite foil by using casting frames and the SCs were assembled in a pouch cell design. With this approach, we achieved a material cost reduction of greater than 90% while maintaining approximately one-half of the specific capacitance of a commercial unit, thus demonstrating that the proposed SC can be an environmentally friendly, low-cost alternative to conventional SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicklas Blomquist
- Mid Sweden University, Department of Natural Sciences, Sundsvall, SE-851 70, Sweden.,STT Emtec AB, Sundsvall, SE-852 29, Sweden
| | - Thomas Wells
- Mid Sweden University, Department of Natural Sciences, Sundsvall, SE-851 70, Sweden
| | - Britta Andres
- Mid Sweden University, Department of Natural Sciences, Sundsvall, SE-851 70, Sweden
| | - Joakim Bäckström
- Mid Sweden University, Department of Natural Sciences, Sundsvall, SE-851 70, Sweden
| | - Sven Forsberg
- Mid Sweden University, Department of Natural Sciences, Sundsvall, SE-851 70, Sweden
| | - Håkan Olin
- Mid Sweden University, Department of Natural Sciences, Sundsvall, SE-851 70, Sweden
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193
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Engström J, Hatton FL, Wågberg L, D'Agosto F, Lansalot M, Malmström E, Carlmark A. Soft and rigid core latex nanoparticles prepared by RAFT-mediated surfactant-free emulsion polymerization for cellulose modification – a comparative study. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01904h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Latex nanoparticles of high and low Tg-core block-copolymers were produced and their adsorption to (nano)cellulose surfaces was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Engström
- Fibre and Polymer Technology
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- 100 44 Stockholm
- Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre
| | - F. L. Hatton
- Fibre and Polymer Technology
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- 100 44 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - L. Wågberg
- Fibre and Polymer Technology
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- 100 44 Stockholm
- Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre
| | - F. D'Agosto
- Université de Lyon
- Univ Lyon 1
- CPE Lyon
- CNRS
- UMR 5265
| | - M. Lansalot
- Université de Lyon
- Univ Lyon 1
- CPE Lyon
- CNRS
- UMR 5265
| | - E. Malmström
- Fibre and Polymer Technology
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- 100 44 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - A. Carlmark
- Fibre and Polymer Technology
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- 100 44 Stockholm
- Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre
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194
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Ruan CQ, Strømme M, Mihranyan A, Lindh J. Favored surface-limited oxidation of cellulose with Oxone® in water. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06141b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new method for favored C6 oxidation of cellulose was developed. The method uses the commercially available oxidant Oxone to provide the oxidized cellulose in good yields. The oxidation is conveniently carried out in a one-pot procedure in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Qing Ruan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials
- Department of Engineering Sciences
- Uppsala University
- 75121 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Maria Strømme
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials
- Department of Engineering Sciences
- Uppsala University
- 75121 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials
- Department of Engineering Sciences
- Uppsala University
- 75121 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Jonas Lindh
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials
- Department of Engineering Sciences
- Uppsala University
- 75121 Uppsala
- Sweden
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195
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Hatton FL, Engström J, Forsling J, Malmström E, Carlmark A. Biomimetic adsorption of zwitterionic–xyloglucan block copolymers to CNF: towards tailored super-absorbing cellulose materials. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28236a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Block-copolymer of xyloglucan and zwitterionic PSBMA prepared by RAFT as a biomimetic adsorbent for cellulose nanofibrils to create super-adsorbing gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. L. Hatton
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology
- SE-100 44 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - J. Engström
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology
- SE-100 44 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - J. Forsling
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology
- SE-100 44 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - E. Malmström
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology
- SE-100 44 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - A. Carlmark
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology
- SE-100 44 Stockholm
- Sweden
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196
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Gopi S, Balakrishnan P, Divya C, Valic S, Govorcin Bajsic E, Pius A, Thomas S. Facile synthesis of chitin nanocrystals decorated on 3D cellulose aerogels as a new multi-functional material for waste water treatment with enhanced anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant properties. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02392h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the fabrication and application of multi-functional hybrid bio-aerogels based on cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and chitin nanocrystals (CNCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreerag Gopi
- Department of Chemistry
- Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed University
- Gandhigram
- India
- School of Chemical Sciences
| | - Preetha Balakrishnan
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Mahatma Gandhi University
- Kottayam-686560
- India
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
| | | | - Srecko Valic
- Center for Micro and Nano Sciences and Technologies
- 51000 Rijeka
- Croatia
- Rudjer Bošković Institute
- 10000 Zagreb
| | | | - Anitha Pius
- Department of Chemistry
- Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed University
- Gandhigram
- India
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Mahatma Gandhi University
- Kottayam-686560
- India
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
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197
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Fischer TS, Steinkoenig J, Woehlk H, Blinco JP, Fairfull-Smith K, Barner-Kowollik C. High resolution mass spectrometric access to nitroxide containing polymers. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01316g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a mass spectrometric access route to nitroxide containing polymers via high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR ESI MS), a polymer class that is – due to the presence of unpaired spins – highly challenging to analyze via NMR techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias S. Fischer
- Macromolecular Architectures
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Jan Steinkoenig
- Macromolecular Architectures
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Hendrik Woehlk
- Macromolecular Architectures
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - James P. Blinco
- Macromolecular Architectures
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Kathryn Fairfull-Smith
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Macromolecular Architectures
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
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198
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Huang F, Wu X, Yu Y, Lu Y, Chen Q. Acylation of cellulose nanocrystals with acids/trifluoroacetic anhydride and properties of films from esters of CNCs. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 155:525-534. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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199
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Reiner RS, Rudie AW. Experiences with Scaling-Up Production of TEMPO-Grade Cellulose Nanofibrils. NANOCELLULOSES: THEIR PREPARATION, PROPERTIES, AND APPLICATIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2017-1251.ch012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard S. Reiner
- USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Alan W. Rudie
- USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
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200
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Sehaqui H, Kulasinski K, Pfenninger N, Zimmermann T, Tingaut P. Highly Carboxylated Cellulose Nanofibers via Succinic Anhydride Esterification of Wheat Fibers and Facile Mechanical Disintegration. Biomacromolecules 2016; 18:242-248. [PMID: 27958715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the preparation of 4-6 nm wide carboxyl-functionalized cellulose nanofibers (CNF) via the esterification of wheat fibers with cyclic anhydrides (maleic, phtalic, and succinic) followed by an energy-efficient mechanical disintegration process. Remarkable results were achieved via succinic anhydride esterification that enabled CNF isolation by a single pass through the microfluidizer yielding a transparent and thick gel. These CNF carry the highest content of carboxyl groups ever reported for native cellulose nanofibers (3.8 mmol g-1). Compared to conventional carboxylated cellulose nanofibers prepared via Tempo-mediated oxidation of wheat fibers, the present esterified CNF display a higher molar-mass and a better thermal stability. Moreover, highly carboxylated CNF from succinic anhydride esterification were effectively integrated into paper filters for the removal of lead from aqueous solution and are potentially of interest as carrier of active molecules or as transparent films for packaging, biomedical or electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sehaqui
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Applied Wood Materials Laboratory , Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - K Kulasinski
- Department of Geochemistry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - N Pfenninger
- Eawag , Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - T Zimmermann
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Applied Wood Materials Laboratory , Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - P Tingaut
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Applied Wood Materials Laboratory , Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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