151
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Yang SI, George GN, Lawrence JR, Kaminskyj SGW, Dynes JJ, Lai B, Pickering IJ. Multispecies Biofilms Transform Selenium Oxyanions into Elemental Selenium Particles: Studies Using Combined Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence Imaging and Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:10343-10350. [PMID: 26824614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an element of growing environmental concern, because low aqueous concentrations can lead to biomagnification through the aquatic food web. Biofilms, naturally occurring microbial consortia, play numerous important roles in the environment, especially in biogeochemical cycling of toxic elements in aquatic systems. The complexity of naturally forming multispecies biofilms presents challenges for characterization because conventional microscopic techniques require chemical and physical modifications of the sample. Here, multispecies biofilms biotransforming selenium oxyanions were characterized using X-ray fluorescence imaging (XFI) and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM). These complementary synchrotron techniques required minimal sample preparation and were applied correlatively to the same biofilm areas. Sub-micrometer XFI showed distributions of Se and endogenous metals, while Se K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy indicated the presence of elemental Se (Se0). Nanoscale carbon K-edge STXM revealed the distributions of microbial cells, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and lipids using the protein, saccharide, and lipid signatures, respectively, together with highly localized Se0 using the Se LIII edge. Transmission electron microscopy showed the electron-dense particle diameter to be 50-700 nm, suggesting Se0 nanoparticles. The intimate association of Se0 particles with protein and polysaccharide biofilm components has implications for the bioavailability of selenium in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John R Lawrence
- National Hydrology Research Centre, Environment Canada , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 3H5, Canada
| | | | - James J Dynes
- Canadian Light Source , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Barry Lai
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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152
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Doucette KA, Hassell KN, Crans DC. Selective speciation improves efficacy and lowers toxicity of platinum anticancer and vanadium antidiabetic drugs. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 165:56-70. [PMID: 27751591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Improving efficacy and lowering resistance to metal-based drugs can be addressed by consideration of the coordination complex speciation and key reactions important to vanadium antidiabetic drugs or platinum anticancer drugs under biological conditions. The methods of analyses vary depending on the specific metal ion chemistry. The vanadium compounds interconvert readily, whereas the reactions of the platinum compounds are much slower and thus much easier to study. However, the vanadium species are readily differentiated due to vanadium complexes differing in color. For both vanadium and platinum systems, understanding the processes as the compounds, Lipoplatin and Satraplatin, enter cells is needed to better combat the disease; there are many cellular metabolites, which may affect processing and thus the efficacy of the drugs. Examples of two formulations of platinum compounds illustrate how changing the chemistry of the platinum will result in less toxic and better tolerated drugs. The consequence of the much lower toxicity of the drug, can be readily realized because cisplatin administration requires hospital stay whereas Lipoplatin can be done in an outpatient manner. Similarly, the properties of Satraplatin allow for development of an oral drug. These forms of platinum demonstrate that the direct consequence of more selective speciation is lower side effects and cheaper administration of the anticancer agent. Therefore we urge that as the community goes forward in development of new drugs, control of speciation chemistry will be considered as one of the key strategies in the future development of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin A Doucette
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Kelly N Hassell
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Debbie C Crans
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Dept. Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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153
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Schaumlöffel D, Hutchinson R, Malherbe J, Coustumer PL, Gontier E, Isaure MP. Novel Methods for Bioimaging Including LA-ICP-MS, NanoSIMS, TEM/X-EDS, and SXRF. Metallomics 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527694907.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Schaumlöffel
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, CNRS; Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM); UMR 5254 64000 Pau France
| | - Robert Hutchinson
- Electro Scientific Industries; 8 Avro Court, Ermine Business Park Huntingdon, Cambridge PE29 6XS UK
| | - Julien Malherbe
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, CNRS; Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM); UMR 5254 64000 Pau France
| | - Philippe Le Coustumer
- Université de Bordeaux, UF Sciences de la Terre et Environnement; Allée G. Saint-Hillaire 33615 Pessac France
| | - Etienne Gontier
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Imaging Center; UMS 3420 CNRS - US4 INSERM, Pôle d'imagerie électronique; 146 rue Léo Saignat 33076 Bordeaux France
| | - Marie-Pierre Isaure
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, CNRS; Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM); UMR 5254 64000 Pau France
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154
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Penen F, Malherbe J, Isaure MP, Dobritzsch D, Bertalan I, Gontier E, Le Coustumer P, Schaumlöffel D. Chemical bioimaging for the subcellular localization of trace elements by high contrast TEM, TEM/X-EDS, and NanoSIMS. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2016; 37:62-68. [PMID: 27288221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemical bioimaging offers an important contribution to the investigation of biochemical functions, biosorption and bioaccumulation processes of trace elements via their localization at the cellular and even at the subcellular level. This paper describes the combined use of high contrast transmission electron microscopy (HC-TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (X-EDS), and nano secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) applied to a model organism, the unicellular green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. HC-TEM providing a lateral resolution of 1nm was used for imaging the ultrastructure of algae cells which have diameters of 5-10μm. TEM coupled to X-EDS (TEM/X-EDS) combined textural (morphology and size) analysis with detection of Ca, P, K, Mg, Fe, and Zn in selected subcellular granules using an X-EDS probe size of approx. 1μm. However, instrumental sensitivity was at the limit for trace element detection. NanoSIMS allowed chemical imaging of macro and trace elements with subcellular resolution (element mapping). Ca, Mg, and P as well as the trace elements Fe, Cu, and Zn present at basal levels were detected in pyrenoids, contractile vacuoles, and granules. Some metals were even localized in small vesicles of about 200nm size. Sensitive subcellular localization of trace metals was possible by the application of a recently developed RF plasma oxygen primary ion source on NanoSIMS which has shown good improvements in terms of lateral resolution (below 50nm), sensitivity, and stability. Furthermore correlative single cell imaging was developed combining the advantages of TEM and NanoSIMS. An advanced sample preparation protocol provided adjacent ultramicrotome sections for parallel TEM and NanoSIMS analyses of the same cell. Thus, the C. reinhardtii cellular ultrastructure could be directly related to the spatial distribution of metals in different cell organelles such as vacuoles and chloroplast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Penen
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les, Matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Julien Malherbe
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les, Matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Isaure
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les, Matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Dirk Dobritzsch
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institute for Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Plant Biochemistry, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ivo Bertalan
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Biology, Plant Physiology, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Etienne Gontier
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Imaging Center UMS 3420 CNRS - US4 INSERM, Pôle d'imagerie électronique, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Le Coustumer
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les, Matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254, 64000 Pau, France; Université de Bordeaux, UF Sciences de la Terre et Environnement, Allée G. Saint-Hillaire, 33615 Pessac, France
| | - Dirk Schaumlöffel
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les, Matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254, 64000 Pau, France.
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155
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Carpenter MC, Lo MN, Palmer AE. Techniques for measuring cellular zinc. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 611:20-29. [PMID: 27580940 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The development and improvement of fluorescent Zn2+ sensors and Zn2+ imaging techniques have increased our insight into this biologically important ion. Application of these tools has identified an intracellular labile Zn2+ pool and cultivated further interest in defining the distribution and dynamics of labile Zn2+. The study of Zn2+ in live cells in real time using sensors is a powerful way to answer complex biological questions. In this review, we highlight newly engineered Zn2+ sensors, methods to test whether the sensors are accessing labile Zn2+, and recent studies that point to the challenges of using such sensors. Elemental mapping techniques can complement and strengthen data collected with sensors. Both mass spectrometry-based and X-ray fluorescence-based techniques yield highly specific, sensitive, and spatially resolved snapshots of metal distribution in cells. The study of Zn2+ has already led to new insight into all phases of life from fertilization of the egg to life-threatening cancers. In order to continue building new knowledge about Zn2+ biology it remains important to critically assess the available toolset for this endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret C Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
| | - Maria N Lo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
| | - Amy E Palmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
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156
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Malucelli E, Fratini M, Notargiacomo A, Gianoncelli A, Merolle L, Sargenti A, Cappadone C, Farruggia G, Lagomarsino S, Iotti S. Where is it and how much? Mapping and quantifying elements in single cells. Analyst 2016; 141:5221-35. [PMID: 27441316 DOI: 10.1039/c6an01091a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The biological function of a chemical element in cells not only requires the determination of its intracellular quantity, but also the spatial distribution of its concentration. Different strategies can be employed to quantify and map the intracellular concentration of elements in single cells. The assessment of the intracellular elemental concentration, which is the relevant information, requires the measurement of cell volume. This challenging and demanding task requires combining different techniques allowing gathering of both morphological and compositional information on the same cell. Moreover, the need to analyse samples more similar to their natural state requires complex hardware equipment, and supplementary efforts in preparation protocols. Nevertheless, the response to the question: "where is it and how much?" is worth all these efforts. This review aims at providing an insight into the recent and most advanced techniques and strategies for quantifying and mapping chemical elements in single cells. We describe and discuss indirect detection techniques (label based) which make use of fluorescent dyes, and direct ones (label free), such as particle induced X-ray emission, proton backscattering spectrometry, scanning transmission ion spectrometry, nano-secondary ion mass spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence microscopy, complemented by X-ray imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Malucelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy.
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157
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Lins BR, Pushie JM, Jones M, Howard DL, Howland JG, Hackett MJ. Mapping Alterations to the Endogenous Elemental Distribution within the Lateral Ventricles and Choroid Plexus in Brain Disorders Using X-Ray Fluorescence Imaging. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158152. [PMID: 27351594 PMCID: PMC4924862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus and cerebral ventricles are critical structures for the production of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and play an important role in regulating ion and metal transport in the brain, however many aspects of its roles in normal physiology and disease states, such as psychiatric illness, remain unknown. The choroid plexus is difficult to examine in vivo, and in situ ex vivo, and as such has typically been examined indirectly with radiolabeled tracers or ex vivo stains, making measurements of the endogenous K+, Cl-, and Ca+ distributions unreliable. In the present study, we directly examined the distribution of endogenous ions and biologically relevant transition metals in the choroid plexus and regions surrounding the ventricles (ventricle wall, cortex, corpus callosum, striatum) using X-ray fluorescence imaging (XFI). We find that the choroid plexus was rich in Cl- and Fe while K+ levels increase further from the ventricle as Cl- levels decrease, consistent with the known role of ion transporters in the choroid plexus CSF production. A polyI:C offspring displayed enlarged ventricles, elevated Cl- surrounding the ventricles, and intraventricular calcifications. These observations fit with clinical findings in patients with schizophrenia and suggest maternal treatment with polyI:C may lead to dysfunctional ion regulation in offspring. This study demonstrates the power of XFI for examining the endogenous elemental distributions of the ventricular system in healthy brain tissue as well as disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney R. Lins
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jake M. Pushie
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Michael Jones
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - John G. Howland
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Mark J. Hackett
- Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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158
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Application of advanced X-ray methods in life sciences. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:3671-3685. [PMID: 27156488 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synchrotron radiation (SR) sources provide diverse X-ray methods for the investigation of structure-function relationships in biological macromolecules. SCOPE OF REVIEW Recent developments in SR sources and in the X-ray tools they offer for life sciences are reviewed. Specifically, advances in macromolecular crystallography, small angle X-ray solution scattering, X-ray absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, and imaging are discussed with examples. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS SR sources offer a range of X-ray techniques that can be used in a complementary fashion in studies of biological systems at a wide range of resolutions from atomic to cellular scale. Emerging applications of X-ray techniques include the characterization of disordered proteins, noncrystalline and nonequilibrium systems, elemental imaging of tissues, cells and organs, and detection of time-resolved changes in molecular structures. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE X-ray techniques are in the center of hybrid approaches that are used to gain insight into complex problems relating to biomolecular mechanisms, disease and possible therapeutic solutions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Science for Life". Guest Editors: Dr. Austen Angell, Dr. Salvatore Magazù and Dr. Federica Migliardo.
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159
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Overview of chemical imaging methods to address biological questions. Micron 2016; 84:23-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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160
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Hackett MJ, George GN, Pickering IJ, Eames BF. Chemical Biology in the Embryo: In Situ Imaging of Sulfur Biochemistry in Normal and Proteoglycan-Deficient Cartilage Matrix. Biochemistry 2016; 55:2441-51. [PMID: 26985789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs) are heavily glycosylated proteins that play major structural and biological roles in many tissues. Proteoglycans are abundant in cartilage extracellular matrix; their loss is a main feature of the joint disease osteoarthritis. Proteoglycan function is regulated by sulfation-sulfate ester formation with specific sugar residues. Visualization of sulfation within cartilage matrix would yield vital insights into its biological roles. We present synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence imaging of developing zebrafish cartilage, providing the first in situ maps of sulfate ester distribution. Levels of both sulfur and sulfate esters decrease as cartilage develops through late phase differentiation (maturation or hypertrophy), suggesting a functional link between cartilage matrix sulfur content and chondrocyte differentiation. Genetic experiments confirm that sulfate ester levels were due to cartilage proteoglycans and support the hypothesis that sulfate ester levels regulate chondrocyte differentiation. Surprisingly, in the PG synthesis mutant, the total level of sulfur was not significantly reduced, suggesting sulfur is distributed in an alternative chemical form during lowered cartilage proteoglycan production. Fourier transform infrared imaging indicated increased levels of protein in the mutant fish, suggesting that this alternative sulfur form might be ascribed to an increased level of protein synthesis in the mutant fish, as part of a compensatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Hackett
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Graham N George
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada.,Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Ingrid J Pickering
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada.,Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - B Frank Eames
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
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161
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Brown DS, Eames BF. Emerging tools to study proteoglycan function during skeletal development. Methods Cell Biol 2016; 134:485-530. [PMID: 27312503 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the past 20years, appreciation for the varied roles of proteoglycans (PGs), which are specific types of sugar-coated proteins, has increased dramatically. PGs in the extracellular matrix were long known to impart structural functions to many tissues, especially articular cartilage, which cushions bones and allows mobility at skeletal joints. Indeed, osteoarthritis is a debilitating disease associated with loss of PGs in articular cartilage. Today, however, PGs have a demonstrated role in cell biological processes, such as growth factor signalling, prompting new perspectives on the etiology of PG-associated diseases. Here, we review diseases associated with defects in PG synthesis and sulfation, also highlighting current understanding of the underlying genetics, biochemistry, and cell biology. Since most research has analyzed a class of PGs called heparan sulfate PGs, more attention is paid here to studies of chondroitin sulfate PGs (CSPGs), which are abundant in cartilage. Interestingly, CSPG synthesis is tightly linked to the cell biological processes of secretion and lysosomal degradation, suggesting that these systems may be linked genetically. Animal models of loss of CSPG function have revealed CSPGs to impact skeletal development. Specifically, our work from a mutagenesis screen in zebrafish led to the hypothesis that cartilage PGs normally delay the timing of endochondral ossification. Finally, we outline emerging approaches in zebrafish that may revolutionize the study of cartilage PG function, including transgenic methods and novel imaging techniques. Our recent work with X-ray fluorescent imaging, for example, enables direct correlation of PG function with PG-dependent biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Brown
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - B F Eames
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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162
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Metals play major roles in children's health and are associated with negative health outcomes via deficiency, overload, or toxicity. Constantly evolving analytical technology can provide new insight into how metal metabolism and exposure biology are intertwined in a range of biological matrices. RECENT FINDINGS Exposure can occur prenatally as many metals cross the placental barrier. The placenta is permeable to many metal species, some through tightly regulated transporters, and others because of a limited capacity for detoxification. Postbirth, metal exposure continues to exert long-term health effects, ranging from exposure to exogenous heavy metals, such as lead, to overload of otherwise essential metals, including manganese. Increasing evidence supports the existence of critical developmental windows when susceptibility to toxicants and nutritional deficiencies is highest. Elemental imaging technology provides microspatial information on metal uptake and retention across tissue architecture, which provides important insights into exposure and biologic response. SUMMARY Imaging the spatial distribution of elements, both essential and toxic, provides information that bulk measures cannot, including cell-specific distributions and timing of exposure.
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163
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Wada T, Murata N, Uehara H, Suzuki T, Nitani H, Niwa Y, Uo M, Asakura K. Degradation mechanism of a high-performance real micro gas sensor, as determined by spatially resolved XAFS. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:7374-80. [PMID: 26899557 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00065g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Of late, battery-driven high-performance gas sensors have gained acceptability in practical usage, whose atomic-scale structure has been revealed by μ-fluorescence X-ray absorption fine structure analysis. We studied the chemical distribution of Pd species in the Pd/Al2O3 catalyst overlayer in the real gas sensor at various degrees of deterioration. In a freshly prepared sensor, all Pd species were in the PdO form; in a heavily deteriorated sensor, Pd/Al2O3 in the external region changed to metallic Pd particles, while the PdO structure in the inner region near the heater remained unchanged. The Pd species distribution was in agreement with the simulated thermal distribution. Temperature control was crucial to maintain the high performance of the gas sensor. The improved sensor allows homogeneous heating and has a lifetime of more than 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Wada
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
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164
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James SA, Burke R, Howard DL, Spiers KM, Paterson DJ, Murphy S, Ramm G, Kirkham R, Ryan CG, de Jonge MD. Visualising coordination chemistry: fluorescence X-ray absorption near edge structure tomography. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:11834-11837. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06747f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Here we develop a measurement scheme to determine the abundance, distribution, and coordination environment of biological copper complexes in situ, without need for complex sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. Burke
- School of Biological Sciences
- Monash University
- Clayton 3800
- Australia
| | | | | | | | - S. Murphy
- School of Biological Sciences
- Monash University
- Clayton 3800
- Australia
| | - G. Ramm
- School of Biological Sciences
- Monash University
- Clayton 3800
- Australia
| | - R. Kirkham
- Commonwealth Science Industry Research Organisation
- Clayton 3168
- Australia
| | - C. G. Ryan
- Commonwealth Science Industry Research Organisation
- Clayton 3168
- Australia
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165
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Luan B, Friedrich T, Zhai J, Streltsov VA, Lindsey BW, Kaslin J, de Jonge MD, Zhu J, Hughes TC, Hao X. A library of AuNPs modified by RAFT polymers of different charge and chain length: high throughput synthesis and synchrotron XFM imaging using a zebrafish larvae model. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02801b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A PAuNPs library was constructed via high throughput methods and PAuNPs were visualized in PAuNPs injected zebrafish larvae by synchrotron XFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Luan
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Timo Friedrich
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
| | | | | | | | - Jan Kaslin
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
| | | | - Jin Zhu
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
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166
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Dolgova NV, Hackett MJ, MacDonald TC, Nehzati S, James AK, Krone PH, George GN, Pickering IJ. Distribution of selenium in zebrafish larvae after exposure to organic and inorganic selenium forms. Metallomics 2016; 8:305-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00279f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is found to be highly concentrated in zebrafish pigment (melanin) containing tissues especially for the organic selenium treatments, with lower concentrations in eye lens, yolk sac and heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. V. Dolgova
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group
- Department of Geological Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
| | - M. J. Hackett
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group
- Department of Geological Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
| | - T. C. MacDonald
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group
- Department of Geological Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
- Toxicology Centre
| | - S. Nehzati
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group
- Department of Geological Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
| | - A. K. James
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group
- Department of Geological Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
- Toxicology Centre
| | - P. H. Krone
- Toxicology Centre
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
- University of Saskatchewan
| | - G. N. George
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group
- Department of Geological Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
- Toxicology Centre
| | - I. J. Pickering
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group
- Department of Geological Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
- Toxicology Centre
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167
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Siraj N, El-Zahab B, Hamdan S, Karam TE, Haber LH, Li M, Fakayode SO, Das S, Valle B, Strongin RM, Patonay G, Sintim HO, Baker GA, Powe A, Lowry M, Karolin JO, Geddes CD, Warner IM. Fluorescence, Phosphorescence, and Chemiluminescence. Anal Chem 2015; 88:170-202. [PMID: 26575092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Noureen Siraj
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Bilal El-Zahab
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University , Miami, Florida 33174, United States
| | - Suzana Hamdan
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Tony E Karam
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Louis H Haber
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Min Li
- Process Development Center, Albemarle Corporation , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70805, United States
| | - Sayo O Fakayode
- Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27110, United States
| | - Susmita Das
- Department of Civil Engineering, Adamas Institute of Technology , Barasat, Kolkata 700126, West Bengal India
| | - Bertha Valle
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Southern University , Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Robert M Strongin
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University , Portland, Oregon 97207, United States
| | - Gabor Patonay
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University , Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4098, United States
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Gary A Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri Columbia , Columbia, Missouri 65211-7600, United States
| | - Aleeta Powe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky 40208, United States
| | - Mark Lowry
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University , Portland, Oregon 97207, United States
| | - Jan O Karolin
- Institute of Fluorescence, University of Maryland Baltimore County , Baltimore, Maryland 21202, United States
| | - Chris D Geddes
- Institute of Fluorescence, University of Maryland Baltimore County , Baltimore, Maryland 21202, United States
| | - Isiah M Warner
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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168
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Zhao J, Guo Y, Hu J, Yu H, Zhi S, Zhang J. Potential anticancer activity of benzimidazole-based mono/dinuclear Zn(II) complexes towards human carcinoma cells. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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169
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Chwiej J, Patulska A, Skoczen A, Janeczko K, Ciarach M, Simon R, Setkowicz Z. Elemental changes in the hippocampal formation following two different formulas of ketogenic diet: an X-ray fluorescence microscopy study. J Biol Inorg Chem 2015; 20:1277-86. [PMID: 26537249 PMCID: PMC4661185 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-015-1306-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of the following study was the determination of elemental changes occurring within hippocampal formation as a result of high-fat and carbohydrate-restricted ketogenic diet (KD). To realize it, X-ray fluorescence microscopy was applied for topographic and quantitative analysis of P, S, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn and Se in hippocampal formations taken from rats fed with two different KDs and naive controls. The detailed comparisons were done for sectors 1 and 3 of the Ammon's, the dentate gyrus and hilus of dentate gyrus. The results of elemental analysis showed that the KDs induced statistically significant changes in the accumulation of P, K, Ca, Zn and Se in particular areas of hippocampal formation and these alterations strongly depended on the composition of the diets. Much greater influence on the hippocampal areal densities of examined elements was found for the KD which was characterized by a lower content of carbohydrates, higher content of fats and increased proportion of unsaturated fatty acids. The levels of P, K and Zn decreased whilst those of Ca and Se increased as a result of the treatment with the KDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chwiej
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland.
| | - A Patulska
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Skoczen
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | - K Janeczko
- Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Ciarach
- Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - R Simon
- ANKA Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Z Setkowicz
- Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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170
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MacDonald TC, Nehzati S, Sylvain NJ, James AK, Korbas M, Caine S, Pickering IJ, George GN, Krone PH. Phenylthiourea alters toxicity of mercury compounds in zebrafish larvae. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 151:10-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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171
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Díaz de Greñu B, García-Calvo J, Cuevas J, García-Herbosa G, García B, Busto N, Ibeas S, Torroba T, Torroba B, Herrera A, Pons S. Chemical speciation of MeHg + and Hg 2+ in aqueous solution and HEK cells nuclei by means of DNA interacting fluorogenic probes. Chem Sci 2015; 6:3757-3764. [PMID: 29218145 PMCID: PMC5707467 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00718f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Selected new fluorogenic probes that interact in different ways with Hg2+ and MeHg+ have been prepared and used for the chemical speciation of both cations in aqueous solution as well as in HEK293 cells. The best selective speciation of Hg2+ and MeHg+ has been achieved by in vitro approaches based on fluorogenic probes supported in cultured cells, due to the particular sensitivity of the HEK293 cells to permeation by Hg2+, MeHg+ and the fluorogenic probes. In particular, MeHg+ was selectively detected in cell nuclei by probe JG45.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Díaz de Greñu
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science , University of Burgos , 09001 Burgos , Spain .
| | - José García-Calvo
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science , University of Burgos , 09001 Burgos , Spain .
| | - José Cuevas
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science , University of Burgos , 09001 Burgos , Spain .
| | - Gabriel García-Herbosa
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science , University of Burgos , 09001 Burgos , Spain .
| | - Begoña García
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science , University of Burgos , 09001 Burgos , Spain .
| | - Natalia Busto
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science , University of Burgos , 09001 Burgos , Spain .
| | - Saturnino Ibeas
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science , University of Burgos , 09001 Burgos , Spain .
| | - Tomás Torroba
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science , University of Burgos , 09001 Burgos , Spain .
| | - Blanca Torroba
- Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona , IBMB-CSIC , Barcelona Science Park , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Antonio Herrera
- Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona , IBMB-CSIC , Barcelona Science Park , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Sebastian Pons
- Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona , IBMB-CSIC , Barcelona Science Park , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
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172
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Vijayan P, Willick IR, Lahlali R, Karunakaran C, Tanino KK. Synchrotron Radiation Sheds Fresh Light on Plant Research: The Use of Powerful Techniques to Probe Structure and Composition of Plants. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:1252-63. [PMID: 26117844 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
While synchrotron radiation is a powerful tool in material and biomedical sciences, it is still underutilized in plant research. This mini review attempts to introduce the potential of synchrotron-based spectroscopic and imaging methods and their applications to plant sciences. Synchrotron-based Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray absorption and fluorescence techniques, and two- and three-dimensional imaging techniques are examined. We also discuss the limitations of synchrotron-based research in plant sciences, specifically the types of plant samples that can be used. Despite limitations, the unique features of synchrotron radiation such as high brightness, polarization and pulse properties offer great advantages over conventional spectroscopic and imaging tools and enable the correlation of the structure and chemical composition of plants with biochemical function. Modern detector technologies and experimental methodologies are thus enabling plant scientists to investigate aspects of plant sciences such as ultrafast kinetics of biochemical reactions, mineral uptake, transport and accumulation, and dynamics of cell wall structure and composition during environmental stress in unprecedented ways using synchrotron beamlines. The potential for the automation of some of these synchrotron technologies and their application to plant phenotyping is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Permual Vijayan
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A8, Canada Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Ian R Willick
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Rachid Lahlali
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, S7N 2V3, Canada
| | | | - Karen K Tanino
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A8, Canada
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173
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Ceko MJ, Hummitzsch K, Bonner WM, Aitken JB, Spiers KM, Rodgers RJ, Harris HH. Localization of the Trace Elements Iron, Zinc and Selenium in Relation to Anatomical Structures in Bovine Ovaries by X-Ray Fluorescence Imaging. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2015; 21:695-705. [PMID: 25850937 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927615000380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) was used to image 40 histological cross-sections of bovine ovaries (n=19), focusing on structures including: antral follicles at different stages of growth or atresia, corpora lutea at three stages of development (II-IV), and capillaries, arterioles, and other blood vessels. This method identified three key trace elements [iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se)] within the ovarian tissue which appeared to be localized to specific structures. Owing to minimal preprocessing of the ovaries, important high-resolution information regarding the spatial distribution of these elements was obtained with elemental trends and colocalizations of Fe and Zn apparent, as well as the infrequent appearance of Se surrounding the antrum of large follicles, as previously reported. The ability to use synchrotron radiation to measure trace element distributions in bovine ovaries at such high resolution and over such large areas could have a significant impact on understanding the mechanisms of ovarian development. This research is intended to form a baseline study of healthy ovaries which can later be extended to disease states, thereby improving our current understanding of infertility and endocrine diseases involving the ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J Ceko
- 1Department of Chemistry,The University of Adelaide,SA 5005,Australia
| | - Katja Hummitzsch
- 2Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health,Robinson Research Institute,The University of Adelaide,SA 5005,Australia
| | - Wendy M Bonner
- 2Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health,Robinson Research Institute,The University of Adelaide,SA 5005,Australia
| | - Jade B Aitken
- 3School of Chemistry,The University of Sydney,NSW 2006,Australia
| | | | - Raymond J Rodgers
- 2Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health,Robinson Research Institute,The University of Adelaide,SA 5005,Australia
| | - Hugh H Harris
- 1Department of Chemistry,The University of Adelaide,SA 5005,Australia
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174
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Choudhury S, Thomas JK, Sylvain NJ, Ponomarenko O, Gordon RA, Heald SM, Janz DM, Krone PH, Coulthard I, George GN, Pickering IJ. Selenium preferentially accumulates in the eye lens following embryonic exposure: a confocal X-ray fluorescence imaging study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:2255-2261. [PMID: 25607235 DOI: 10.1021/es503848s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Maternal transfer of elevated selenium (Se) to offspring is an important route of Se exposure for fish in the natural environment. However, there is a lack of information on the tissue specific spatial distribution and speciation of Se in the early developmental stages of fish, which provide important information about Se toxicokinetics. The effect of maternal transfer of Se was studied by feeding adult zebrafish a Se-elevated or a control diet followed by collection of larvae from both groups. Novel confocal synchrotron-based techniques were used to investigate Se within intact preserved larvae. Confocal X-ray fluorescence imaging was used to compare Se distributions within specific planes of an intact larva from each of the two groups. The elevated Se treatment showed substantially higher Se levels than the control; Se preferentially accumulated to highest levels in the eye lens, with lower levels in the retina, yolk and other tissues. Confocal X-ray absorption spectroscopy was used to determine that the speciation of Se within the eye lens of the intact larva was a selenomethionine-like species. Preferential accumulation of Se in the eye lens may suggest a direct cause-and-effect relationship between exposure to elevated Se and Se-induced ocular impairments reported previously. This study illustrates the effectiveness of confocal X-ray fluorescence methods for investigating trace element distribution and speciation in intact biological specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjukta Choudhury
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan , 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
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175
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Hare DJ, New EJ, de Jonge MD, McColl G. Imaging metals in biology: balancing sensitivity, selectivity and spatial resolution. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:5941-58. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00055f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A Tutorial Review to aid in designing the most comprehensive metal imaging experiments for biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic J. Hare
- Elemental Bio-imaging Facility
- University of Technology Sydney
- Broadway
- Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health
| | | | | | - Gawain McColl
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
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176
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MacDonald TC, Korbas M, James AK, Sylvain NJ, Hackett MJ, Nehzati S, Krone PH, George GN, Pickering IJ. Interaction of mercury and selenium in the larval stage zebrafish vertebrate model. Metallomics 2015; 7:1247-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00145e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mercury, selenium mixed chalcogenide in the larval stage zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy C. MacDonald
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group
- Department of Geological Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
- Toxicology Centre
| | - Malgorzata Korbas
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
- Canadian Light Source
- Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Ashley K. James
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group
- Department of Geological Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
- Toxicology Centre
| | - Nicole J. Sylvain
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Mark J. Hackett
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group
- Department of Geological Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Susan Nehzati
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group
- Department of Geological Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Patrick H. Krone
- Toxicology Centre
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
- University of Saskatchewan
| | - Graham N. George
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group
- Department of Geological Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
- Toxicology Centre
| | - Ingrid J. Pickering
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group
- Department of Geological Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
- Toxicology Centre
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177
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Sun Y, Gleber SC, Jacobsen C, Kirz J, Vogt S. Optimizing detector geometry for trace element mapping by X-ray fluorescence. Ultramicroscopy 2015; 152:44-56. [PMID: 25600825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Trace metals play critical roles in a variety of systems, ranging from cells to photovoltaics. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) microscopy using X-ray excitation provides one of the highest sensitivities available for imaging the distribution of trace metals at sub-100 nm resolution. With the growing availability and increasing performance of synchrotron light source based instruments and X-ray nanofocusing optics, and with improvements in energy-dispersive XRF detectors, what are the factors that limit trace element detectability? To address this question, we describe an analytical model for the total signal incident on XRF detectors with various geometries, including the spectral response of energy dispersive detectors. This model agrees well with experimentally recorded X-ray fluorescence spectra, and involves much shorter calculation times than with Monte Carlo simulations. With such a model, one can estimate the signal when a trace element is illuminated with an X-ray beam, and when just the surrounding non-fluorescent material is illuminated. From this signal difference, a contrast parameter can be calculated and this can in turn be used to calculate the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) for detecting a certain elemental concentration. We apply this model to the detection of trace amounts of zinc in biological materials, and to the detection of small quantities of arsenic in semiconductors. We conclude that increased detector collection solid angle is (nearly) always advantageous even when considering the scattered signal. However, given the choice between a smaller detector at 90° to the beam versus a larger detector at 180° (in a backscatter-like geometry), the 90° detector is better for trace element detection in thick samples, while the larger detector in 180° geometry is better suited to trace element detection in thin samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | | | - Chris Jacobsen
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Janos Kirz
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Stefan Vogt
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
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178
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Ceko MJ, Hummitzsch K, Hatzirodos N, Rodgers RJ, Harris HH. Quantitative elemental analysis of bovine ovarian follicles using X-ray fluorescence imaging. Metallomics 2015; 7:828-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00035a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Highlights how quantitative XRF can differentiate between biological structures in bovine ovaries on the basis of trace element distribution alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Ceko
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Adelaide
- SA 5005, Australia
| | - K. Hummitzsch
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health
- Robinson Research Institute
- The University of Adelaide
- SA 5005, Australia
| | - N. Hatzirodos
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health
- Robinson Research Institute
- The University of Adelaide
- SA 5005, Australia
| | - R. J. Rodgers
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health
- Robinson Research Institute
- The University of Adelaide
- SA 5005, Australia
| | - H. H. Harris
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Adelaide
- SA 5005, Australia
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