151
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Thermal Stability and Decomposition Kinetics of 1-Alkyl-2,3-Dimethylimidazolium Nitrate Ionic Liquids: TGA and DFT Study. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14102560. [PMID: 34069267 PMCID: PMC8155988 DOI: 10.3390/ma14102560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The thermal stability and decomposition kinetics analysis of 1-alkyl-2,3-dimethylimidazole nitrate ionic liquids with different alkyl chains (ethyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl and decyl) were investigated by using isothermal and nonisothermal thermogravimetric analysis combined with thermoanalytical kinetics calculations (Kissinger, Friedman and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Isothermal experiments were performed in a nitrogen atmosphere at 240, 250, 260 and 270 °C. In addition, the nonisothermal experiments were carried out in nitrogen and air atmospheres from 30 to 600 °C with heating rates of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 °C/min. The results of two heating modes, three activation energy calculations and density functional theory calculations consistently showed that the thermal stability of 1-alkyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium nitrate ionic liquids decreases with the increasing length of the alkyl chain of the substituent on the cation, and then the thermal hazard increases. This study could provide some guidance for the safety design and use of imidazolium nitrate ionic liquids for engineering.
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152
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Fiuza T, Sarkar M, Riedl JC, Cēbers A, Cousin F, Demouchy G, Depeyrot J, Dubois E, Gélébart F, Mériguet G, Perzynski R, Peyre V. Thermodiffusion anisotropy under a magnetic field in ionic liquid-based ferrofluids. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:4566-4577. [PMID: 33949423 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm02190c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ferrofluids based on maghemite nanoparticles (NPs), typically 10 nm in diameter, are dispersed in an ionic liquid (1-ethyl 3-methylimidazolium bistriflimide - EMIM-TFSI). The average interparticle interaction is found to be repulsive by small angle scattering of X-rays and of neutrons, with a second virial coefficient A2 = 7.3. A moderately concentrated sample at Φ = 5.95 vol% is probed by forced Rayleigh scattering under an applied magnetic field (up to H = 100 kA m-1) from room temperature up to T = 460 K. Irrespective of the values of H and T, the NPs in this study are always found to migrate towards the cold region. The in-field anisotropy of the mass diffusion coefficient Dm and that of the (always positive) Soret coefficient ST are well described by the presented model in the whole range of H and T. The main origin of anisotropy is the spatial inhomogeneities of concentration in the ferrofluid along the direction of the applied field. Since this effect originates from the magnetic dipolar interparticle interaction, the anisotropy of thermodiffusion progressively vanishes when temperature and thermal motion increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fiuza
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Lab. PHENIX, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France. and Grupo de Fluidos Complexos, Inst. de Fisíca, Univ. de Brasília, Brasília (DF), Brazil
| | - M Sarkar
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Lab. PHENIX, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - J C Riedl
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Lab. PHENIX, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - A Cēbers
- MMML Lab, Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, University of Latvia, Zellu-8, LV- 1002 Riga, Latvia
| | - F Cousin
- Lab. Léon Brillouin - UMR 12 CNRS-CEA CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G Demouchy
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Lab. PHENIX, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France. and Dpt de physique, Univ. de Cergy Pontoise, 33 Bd du Port, 95011 Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - J Depeyrot
- Grupo de Fluidos Complexos, Inst. de Fisíca, Univ. de Brasília, Brasília (DF), Brazil
| | - E Dubois
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Lab. PHENIX, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - F Gélébart
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Lab. PHENIX, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - G Mériguet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Lab. PHENIX, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - R Perzynski
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Lab. PHENIX, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - V Peyre
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Lab. PHENIX, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
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153
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Liu X, Gaihre B, George MN, Li Y, Tilton M, Yaszemski MJ, Lu L. 2D phosphorene nanosheets, quantum dots, nanoribbons: synthesis and biomedical applications. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2768-2803. [PMID: 33620047 PMCID: PMC9009269 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01972k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorene, also known as black phosphorus (BP), is a two-dimensional (2D) material that has gained significant attention in several areas of current research. Its unique properties such as outstanding surface activity, an adjustable bandgap width, favorable on/off current ratios, infrared-light responsiveness, good biocompatibility, and fast biodegradation differentiate this material from other two-dimensional materials. The application of BP in the biomedical field has been rapidly emerging over the past few years. This article aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the recent progress on the unique properties and extensive medical applications for BP in bone, nerve, skin, kidney, cancer, and biosensing related treatment. The details of applications of BP in these fields were summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Bipin Gaihre
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Matthew N George
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Maryam Tilton
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michael J Yaszemski
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Lichun Lu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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154
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Sowińska A, Maciejewska M, Grajewska A. Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide Ionic Liquids Applied for Fine-Tuning the Cure Characteristics and Performance of Natural Rubber Composites. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073678. [PMID: 33916131 PMCID: PMC8036513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this work was to apply ionic liquids (ILs) with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion (TFSI) for fine-tuning the cure characteristics and physico-chemical properties of elastomer composites based on a biodegradable natural rubber (NR) matrix. ILs with TFSI anion and different cations, such as alkylpyrrolidinium, alkylammonium, and alkylsulfonium cations, were applied to increase the efficiency of sulfur vulcanization and to improve the performance of NR composites. Thus, the influence of ILs on the vulcanization of NR compounds, as well as crosslink density and physical properties of NR vulcanizates, including tensile properties, thermal stability, and resistance to thermo-oxidative aging was explored. The activity of ILs seems to be strongly dependent on their cation. Pyrrolidinium and ammonium ILs effectively supported the vulcanization, reducing the optimal vulcanization time and temperature of NR compounds and increasing the crosslink density of the vulcanizates. Consequently, vulcanizates with these ILs exhibited higher tensile strength than the benchmark without IL. On the other hand, sulfonium ILs reduced the torque increment owing to the lower crosslinking degree of elastomer but significantly improved the resistance of NR composites to thermo-oxidation. Thus, TFSI ILs can be used to align the curing behavior and performance of NR composites for particular applications.
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155
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Ramajo B, Blanco D, Rivera N, Viesca J, González R, Battez AH. Long-term thermal stability of fatty acid anion-based ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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156
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Arroyo-Valdez JA, Viramontes-Gamboa G, Guerra-Gonzalez R, Ramos-Estrada M, Lima E, Rivera JL. Cation folding and the thermal stability limit of the ionic liquid [BMIM +][BF 4 -] under total vacuum. RSC Adv 2021; 11:12951-12960. [PMID: 35423826 PMCID: PMC8697363 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00741f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the behavior of the bimodal distribution of cation conformations (folded/unfolded) in ionic liquids based on alkylated imidazoles, such as [BMIM+][BF4 -]. The alkyl chains of the cations can fold and block interactions between the cations and anions, thereby reducing the cohesivity of the liquid. At room temperature, the folded conformations represent less than one-third of the total conformations. In contrast to the behavior observed during the thermal denaturation of proteins, in ionic liquids, the concentration of folded cations grows when the temperature increases. At the equimolar concentration, the system reaches the reported experimental temperature of thermal stability (similar to the thermal denaturation behavior). There is an outermost layer of cations at the interface that can tilt toward the interface and cover a layer of anions adsorbed at the interface. This interfacial conformation makes the system stable in transverse directions and unstable in the normal direction at temperatures in the region of thermal instability, limiting the rate of vaporization of neutral ion pairs, which are observed as rare events at temperatures as low as 773.15 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alberto Arroyo-Valdez
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Morelia Michoacán 58000 Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Viramontes-Gamboa
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Morelia Michoacán 58000 Mexico
| | - Roberto Guerra-Gonzalez
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Morelia Michoacán 58000 Mexico
| | - Mariana Ramos-Estrada
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Morelia Michoacán 58000 Mexico
| | - Enrique Lima
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Circuito Exterior S/N, CU, Del. Coyoacán Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - José L Rivera
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Morelia Michoacán 58000 Mexico
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157
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Khan AS, Ibrahim TH, Jabbar NA, Khamis MI, Nancarrow P, Mjalli FS. Ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents for the recovery of phenolic compounds: effect of ionic liquids structure and process parameters. RSC Adv 2021; 11:12398-12422. [PMID: 35423754 PMCID: PMC8697206 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10560k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Water pollution is a severe and challenging issue threatening the sustainable development of human civilization. Besides other pollutants, waste fluid streams contain phenolic compounds. These have an adverse effect on the human health and marine ecosystem due to their toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic nature. Therefore, it is necessary to remove such phenolic pollutants from waste stream fluids prior to discharging to the environment. Different methods have been proposed to remove phenolic compounds from wastewater, including extraction using ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvent (DES), a class of organic salts having melting point below 100 °C and tunable physicochemical properties. The purpose of this review is to present the progress in utilizing ILs and DES for phenolic compound extraction from waste fluid streams. The effects of IL structural characteristics, such as anion type, cation type, alkyl chain length, and functional groups will be discussed. In addition, the impact of key process parameters such as pH, phenol concentration, phase ratio, and temperature will be also described. More importantly, several ideas for addressing the limitations of the treatment process and improving its efficiency and industrial viability will be presented. These ideas may form the basis for future studies on developing more effective IL-based processes for treating wastewaters contaminated with phenolic pollutants, to address a growing worldwide environmental problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Sada Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah P.O. Box 26666 Sharjah United Arab Emirates .,Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technolgy Banuu-28100 Khyber Pakhthunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Taleb H Ibrahim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah P.O. Box 26666 Sharjah United Arab Emirates
| | - Nabil Abdel Jabbar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah P.O. Box 26666 Sharjah United Arab Emirates
| | - Mustafa I Khamis
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah P.O. Box 26666 Sharjah United Arab Emirates
| | - Paul Nancarrow
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah P.O. Box 26666 Sharjah United Arab Emirates
| | - Farouq Sabri Mjalli
- Petroleum & Chemical Engineering Department, Sultan Qaboos University Muscat 123 Oman
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158
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Huang X, Xu Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Wang L, Wu Z. Are Ionic Liquids Suitable for Suppressing Coal Spontaneous Combustion? ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:6681-6690. [PMID: 33748581 PMCID: PMC7970493 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Due to the reported fact that the active functional groups in coal can be dissolved and destroyed by ionic liquids, it is expected that the spontaneous combustion of coal can be affected from a thermodynamic perspective. However, ionic liquids with different thermal stabilities have distinct influences on coal combustion. Here, the thermal stability of long-flame coal in the presence of five pure ionic liquids ([Bmim][BF4], [Bmim][Ac], [Bmim][NO3], [Hoemim][BF4], and [Pmim][BF4]) was analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis, and the flammability of the raw coal, pure ionic liquids, and coal-IL mixtures (mass ratio of 1:1) were tested using a cone calorimeter according to the indexes of the time to ignition (TTI), mass loss rate (MLR), heat release rate (HRR), total heat release rate (THR), specific extinction area (SEA), and CO production. It is shown that the TTIs of mixtures containing coal-[Bmim][BF4], coal-[Hoemim][BF4], and coal-[Pmim][BF4] are relatively long, and the MLR, HRR, THR, and SEA values are relatively low, indicating that these fluorine-containing ionic liquids have a better flame-retardant effect than the other two fluorine-free ones, which may be ascribed to their similar role to halogen inhibitors. In addition, the endothermic process of [Bmim][BF4], [Hoemim][BF4], and [Pmim][BF4] can reduce the temperature of the coal surface and delay the ignition time of coal. In contrast, the TTI of coal-[Bmim][NO3] and coal-[Bmim][Ac] mixtures is much shorter than that of coal alone, and the MLR, HRR, and THR values are larger. This may be caused by the poor thermal stability of the two nonfluorine ionic liquids that began to decompose and release heat prior to coal, providing a large amount of heat for the low-temperature oxidation of coal and thus accelerating coal oxidation and combustion. Although the F-containing ionic liquids show the ability to inhibit spontaneous combustion of coal to some extent, their organic cations are potentially combustible and release large amounts of heat, smoke, and CO under high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxuan Huang
- College of Safety
Science and
Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2001, Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, China
| | - Yongliang Xu
- College of Safety
Science and
Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2001, Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, China
- Collaborative Innovation
Center for Coal Safety Production & High-Efficient-Clean Utilization
by Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction, 2001, Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Gas Geology
and Gas Control in Henan Polytechnic University, 2001, Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Safety
Science and
Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2001, Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, China
- Collaborative Innovation
Center for Coal Safety Production & High-Efficient-Clean Utilization
by Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction, 2001, Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Gas Geology
and Gas Control in Henan Polytechnic University, 2001, Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, China
| | - Yao Li
- College of Safety
Science and
Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2001, Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, China
- Collaborative Innovation
Center for Coal Safety Production & High-Efficient-Clean Utilization
by Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction, 2001, Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Gas Geology
and Gas Control in Henan Polytechnic University, 2001, Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, China
| | - Lanyun Wang
- College of Safety
Science and
Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2001, Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, China
- Collaborative Innovation
Center for Coal Safety Production & High-Efficient-Clean Utilization
by Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction, 2001, Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Gas Geology
and Gas Control in Henan Polytechnic University, 2001, Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, China
| | - Zhengyan Wu
- Laboratory of Gas and Fire Control for Coal Mines (China
University of Mining and Technology), Ministry of Education, Xuzhou 221116, China
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159
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Zou M, Luo J, Wang X, Tan S, Wang C, Wu Y. In Situ Polymerized Protic Ionogels for Fuel Cells at Elevated Temperatures. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengdou Zou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jie Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xurui Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shuai Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yong Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
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160
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Noorhisham NA, Amri D, Mohamed AH, Yahaya N, Ahmad NM, Mohamad S, Kamaruzaman S, Osman H. Characterisation techniques for analysis of imidazolium-based ionic liquids and application in polymer preparation: A review. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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161
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Fadeeva YA, Kuzmin SM, Shmukler LE, Safonova LP. Membranes based on polybenzimidazole and protic ionic liquid: preparation and properties. Russ Chem Bull 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3056-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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162
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Thermal Stability of Ionic Liquids: Current Status and Prospects for Future Development. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9020337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are the safest solvent in various high-temperature applications due to their non-flammable properties. In order to obtain their thermal stability properties, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is extensively used to analyze the kinetics of the thermal decomposition process. This review summarizes the different kinetics analysis methods and finds the isoconversional methods are superior to the Arrhenius methods in calculating the activation energy, and two tools—the compensation effect and master plots—are suggested for the calculation of the pre-exponential factor. With both parameters, the maximum operating temperature (MOT) can be calculated to predict the thermal stability in long-term runnings. The collection of thermal stability data of ILs with divergent cations and anions shows the structure of cations such as alkyl side chains, functional groups, and alkyl substituents will affect the thermal stability, but their influence is less than that of anions. To develop ILs with superior thermal stability, dicationic ILs (DILs) are recommended, and typically, [C4(MIM)2][NTf2]2 has a decomposition temperature as high as 468.1 °C. For the convenience of application, thermal stability on the decomposition temperature and thermal decomposition activation energy of 130 ILs are summarized at the end of this manuscript.
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163
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Malik A, Dhattarwal HS, Kashyap HK. Distinct Solvation Structures of CO2 and SO2 in Reline and Ethaline Deep Eutectic Solvents Revealed by AIMD Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:1852-1860. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c09824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Malik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Harender S. Dhattarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Hemant K. Kashyap
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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164
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Huang T, Xu Z, Yan P, Liu X, Fan H, Zhang ZC. Direct Partial Oxidation of Methane Catalyzed by an In Situ Generated Active Au(III) Complex at Low Temperature in Ionic Liquids. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Zhanwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Peifang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiumei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hongjun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Z. Conrad Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
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165
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Zaitsau DH, Siewert R, Pimerzin AA, Bülow M, Held C, Loor M, Schulz S, Verevkin SP. From volatility to solubility: Thermodynamics of imidazolium-based ionic liquids containing chloride and bromide anions. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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166
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Haddad B, Kachroudi A, Turky G, Belarbi EH, Lamouri A, Villemin D, Rahmouni M, Sylvestre A. The interplay between molecular structure and dielectric propertiesin ionic liquids: A comparative study. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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167
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Pablos JL, Catalina F, Ibeas S, Corrales T. Fluorescent imidazolium-based poly(ionic liquid)s for Fe3+ detection in aqueous medium. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.113015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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168
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Chen Y, Hu X, Chen W, Liu C, Qiao K, Zhu M, Lou Y, Mu T. High volatility of superbase-derived eutectic solvents used for CO 2 capture. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:2193-2210. [PMID: 33439154 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05885h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
High volatility would lead to a highly flammable hazard, explosion danger, low regeneration efficiency and air pollution. Eutectic solvents (ESs) are assumed to be nonvolatile; however, the assumption is not correct. Here, we, for the first time, find that superbase-derived ESs are highly volatile. Even at room temperature (i.e., 25 °C) and atmospheric pressure, the mass loss of ESs could reach as high as 43.5% after 20 h of exposure. Superbase-derived ESs are promising solvents for CO2 capture, and they are also highly volatile after CO2 capture. We found that typical ethylene glycol : 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (EG : DBU (4 : 1)) has a three-stage volatilizing mechanism. EG and DBU volatilize first by breaking weak hydrogen-bonding interactions (1st stage), followed by the destruction of strong hydrogen-bonding interactions (2nd stage), and finally by destroying much stronger hydrogen-bonding interactions (3rd stage). This work presents a new horizon that ESs and their mixture with CO2 are highly volatile, which is helpful for mitigating laboratory explosion, combustion hazards, air pollution and designing new types of ESs with negligible volatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, Langfang Normal University, Langfang 065000, Hebei, P. R. China.
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169
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Xu R, Dai C, Mu M, Cheng J, Lei Z, Wu B, Liu N, Chen B, Yu G. Highly efficient capture of odorous sulfur-based VOCs by ionic liquids. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123507. [PMID: 32763767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes the capture of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) from waste gas using an ionic liquid (IL), namely, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMIM][Tf2N]), and examines the process from a molecular level to the laboratory scale, which is then scaled up to the industrial level. The binding energy and weak interactions between DMS/DMDS and the anion/cation in [EMIM][Tf2N] were investigated using quantum chemistry calculations to identify the capture mechanism at the molecular scale. A thermodynamic model (UNIFAC-Lei) was established by the vapor-liquid equilibrium data of the [EMIM][Tf2N] + DMS/DMDS systems measured at the laboratory scale. The equilibrium and continuous absorption experiments were performed, and the results demonstrated that [EMIM][Tf2N] exhibits a highly efficient capture performance at atmospheric conditions, particularly, absorption capacities (AC) for DMS and DMDS are 189.72 and 212.94 mg g-1, respectively, and partial coefficients (PC) as more reasonable evaluation metrics for those are 0.509 × 10-4 and 6.977 × 10-4 mol kg-1 Pa-1, respectively, at the 100 % breakthrough. Finally, a mathematical model of the strict equilibrium stage was established for process simulations, and the absorption process was conceptually designed at the industrial scale, which could provide a decision-making basis for chemical engineers and designers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruinian Xu
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Chengna Dai
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Mingli Mu
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Box 266, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhigang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Box 266, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Bin Wu
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Ning Liu
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Biaohua Chen
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Gangqiang Yu
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
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170
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Lee KL, Feld J, Hume P, Söhnel T, Leitao E. The Synthesis and Mechanistic Considerations of a Series of Ammonium Monosubstituted H-Phosphonate Salts. Chemistry 2021; 27:815-824. [PMID: 32830385 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of ammonium monosubstituted H-phosphonate salts were synthesized by combining H-phosphonate diesters with amines in the absence of solvent at 80 °C. Variation of the ester substituent and amine produced a range of ionic liquids with low melting points. The products and by-products were analyzed by spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques in order to get a better mechanistic picture of the dealkylation and formal dearylation observed. For dialkyl H-phosphonate diesters, (RO)2 P(O)H (R=alkyl), the reaction proceeds via direct dealkylation with the reactivity increasing in the order R=iPr<Et<Me corresponding to DFT calculated activation enthalpies of 22.6, 20.8, and 17.9 kcal mol-1 . For the diphenyl H-phosphonate diesters, (PhO)2 P(O)H, the dearylation was found to proceed via phenol-assisted formation of a 5-coordinate intermediate, (PhO)3 PH(OH), from which P(OPh)3 and water were eliminated. The presence of an equivalent of water then facilitated the formation of P(OH)2 OPh and the amine, R'NH2 , subsequently abstracted a proton from it to yield [(PhO)PH(O)O]- [R'NH3 ]+ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng Lung Lee
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand
| | - Joey Feld
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Paul Hume
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand.,School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, 6140, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Tilo Söhnel
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand
| | - Erin Leitao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand
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171
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Ma J, Wang Y, Yang X, Wang B. Fast Track to Acetate-Based Ionic Liquids: Preparation, Properties and Application in Energy and Petrochemical Fields. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:2. [PMID: 33398607 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-00315-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Acetate-based ionic liquids (AcILs), as a kind of typical carboxylate-based ILs, display excellent structure tunability, non-volatility, good solubility to biomass, and favorable adsorption capacity, etc. These unique characteristics of AcILs make them important candidates for a range of applications in the field of energy and in the petrochemical industry. This paper intends to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in AcILs, including pure AcILs, AcIL-based multi-solvents, and AcIL-based composites, etc. Preparation methods, with one- and two-step synthesis, are reviewed. The relationship between properties and temperature is discussed, and some physical and thermodynamic properties of different AcILs are summarized and further calculated. The applications of AcILs in the fields of biomass processing, organic synthesis, separation, electrochemistry, and other fields are reviewed based on their prominent properties. Thereinto, the dual functions of AcILs as solvents and activators for biomass dissolution are discussed, and the roles of AcILs as catalysts and reaction mediums in clean organic synthesis are highlighted. Meanwhile, the reaction mechanisms of AcILs with acid gases are posed by means of molecular simulation and experimental characterization. Moreover, AcILs as electrolytes for zinc batteries, supercapacitors, and electrodeposition are particularly introduced. Finally, the future research challenges and prospects of AcILs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xueqing Yang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Baohe Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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172
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Cotessat M, Flachard D, Nosov D, Lozinskaya EI, Ponkratov DO, Schmidt DF, Drockenmuller E, Shaplov AS. Effects of repeat unit charge density on the physical and electrochemical properties of novel heterocationic poly(ionic liquid)s. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04143b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The higher the charge density of PILs the higher their Tg and the lower their conductivity; the best conductivity (1.8 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 25 °C): PILs with triazolium cations; the best cathodic stability (−0.4 V vs. Li+/Li at 70 °C): PILs with mixed type cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Cotessat
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST)
- L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette
- Luxembourg
| | - Dimitri Flachard
- Univ. Lyon
- Université Lyon 1
- CNRS
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères
- UMR 5223
| | - Daniil Nosov
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST)
- L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette
- Luxembourg
| | - Elena I. Lozinskaya
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS)
- Moscow
- Russia
| | - Denis O. Ponkratov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS)
- Moscow
- Russia
| | - Daniel F. Schmidt
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST)
- L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette
- Luxembourg
| | - Eric Drockenmuller
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST)
- L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette
- Luxembourg
| | - Alexander S. Shaplov
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST)
- L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette
- Luxembourg
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173
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Shmukler L, Fedorova I, Fadeeva YA, Safonova L. The physicochemical properties and structure of alkylammonium protic ionic liquids of RnH4-nNX (n = 1–3) family. A mini–review. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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174
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Experimental investigation of hydrodynamic parameters and bubble characteristics in CO2 absorption column using pure ionic liquid and binary mixtures: Effect of porous sparger and operating conditions. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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175
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Zullo V, Górecki M, Guazzelli L, Mezzetta A, Pescitelli G, Iuliano A. Exploiting isohexide scaffolds for the preparation of chiral ionic liquids tweezers. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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176
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Barjola A, Escorihuela J, García-Bernabé A, Sahuquillo Ó, Giménez E, Compañ V. Diffusivity and free anion concentration of ionic liquid composite polybenzimidazole membranes. RSC Adv 2021; 11:26379-26390. [PMID: 35479428 PMCID: PMC9037350 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05364g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PBI composite membranes containing 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMIM-NTf2) at 1, 5, 10, 20 and 50 wt% have been prepared and the conductivity has been analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Barjola
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- 46022 Valencia
- Spain
| | - Jorge Escorihuela
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universitat de València
- 46100 Valencia
- Spain
| | - Abel García-Bernabé
- Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- 46022 Valencia
- Spain
| | - Óscar Sahuquillo
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- 46022 Valencia
- Spain
| | - Enrique Giménez
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- 46022 Valencia
- Spain
| | - Vicente Compañ
- Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- 46022 Valencia
- Spain
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177
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Bordet A, Moos G, Welsh C, Licence P, Luska KL, Leitner W. Molecular Control of the Catalytic Properties of Rhodium Nanoparticles in Supported Ionic Liquid Phase (SILP) Systems. ACS Catal 2020; 10:13904-13912. [PMID: 33343998 PMCID: PMC7737233 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rhodium nanoparticles (NPs) immobilized on imidazolium-based supported ionic liquid phases (Rh@SILP) act as effective catalysts for the hydrogenation of biomass-derived furfuralacetone. The structure of ionic liquid-type (IL) molecular modifiers was systematically varied regarding spacer, side chain, and anion to assess the influence on the NP synthesis and their catalytic properties. Well-dispersed Rh NPs with diameters in the range of 0.6-2.0 nm were formed on all SILP materials, whereby the actual size was dependent significantly on the IL structure. The resulting variations in catalytic activity for hydrogenation of the C=O moiety in furfuralacetone allowed control of the product selectivity to obtain either the saturated alcohol or the ketone in high yield. Experiments conducted under batch and continuous flow conditions demonstrated that Rh NPs immobilized on SILPs with suitable IL structures are more active and much more stable than Rh@SiO2 catalyst synthesized on unmodified silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Bordet
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Gilles Moos
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Calum Welsh
- The University of Nottingham, School of Chemistry, Clifton Boulevard, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Licence
- The University of Nottingham, School of Chemistry, Clifton Boulevard, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Kylie L. Luska
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Walter Leitner
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
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178
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179
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Abstract
In petroleum industry, the release of more and more carbon dioxide (CO2) brings greenhouse effect and even results in climate change, leading CO2 capture to become an urgent issue. To design ideal and effective absorbent, interaction mechanism for CO2 capture was systematically investigated in a series of imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs). The potential effects of alkyl side chain, electron-philic halogen (F, Cl, Br) atom(s), electron-denoting groups OH and NH2 (bound on cation or/and anion), and water solvent were disclosed on CO2 capture using CAM-B3LYP functional with SMD-GIL solvation model, and the most potential green effective absorbent was predicted. This work provides an explicit idea and theoretical basis about the design of desired IL for CO2 capture. Graphical abstract In present work, no/halogen/amino/hydroxy-functionalized imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ILs were studied for CO2 absorption at the CAM-B3LYP/6-311++G** level of theory by SMD-GIL solvation model. NH2 is more potent group in absorbing CO2 than halogen and OH, and its number is proportional to the adsorption capacity of IL. A potentially high-capacity CO2 absorbent with four NH2 groups was predicted. In addition, the mixture of water could further enhance such chemical absorption by lowering the activation energy barriers and viscosity of IL.
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180
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Khan J, Muhammad S, Shah LA, Ali J, Ibrar M, Rehman KU. Synthesis, characterization and electrochemistry of triethyl ammonium sulphate ionic liquid. Z PHYS CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2020-1704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Protic ionic liquids (PILs) being intrinsic proton conducting ionic species are considered as potential green electrolytes for study of electrocatalytic reactions and for fabrication of IL-based fuel cells (FCs) and batteries. We have prepared a sulfate anion based protic ionic liquid (PIL), triethylammonium sulfate (TEAS) through a reaction involving transfer of proton from H2SO4 to triethylamine (TEA). 1H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopic techniques were employed for confirmation of the synthesis of TEAS and water content of the PIL was quantified using coulometric Karl–Fischer (KF) titration. 1H NMR and FT-IR analysis confirm the synthesis of the PILs and KF-titration analysis shows that TEAS contains 1.43 w/w % water. Electrical conductivity of TEAS was determined at different temperatures showing that the PIL has excellent ionic conductivity that enhances with rise in temperature of the medium. The temperature dependence of the conductivity of the PIL follows the Arrhenius equation as the logσ versus 1/T plot is linear. The electrochemical windows (EWs) of the electrolyte were found using cyclic voltammetry at Pt and Au working electrodes and found to decrease with increase in temperature of the medium. The data revealed that the surfaces of the electrodes are covered with oxide layers due to oxidation of trace water (1.43 w/w %) present in the PIL. The oxide layers growth increase and their onset potential moves to less positive values as the temperature of the PILs is increased. The data was compared with the literature and would be helpful in understanding of the surface electrochemistry in this neoteric medium for being used as potential electrolyte in industry for various electrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College Peshawar , 25120 , Peshawar , Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Sayyar Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College Peshawar , 25120 , Peshawar , Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Luqman Ali Shah
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar , Peshawar , 25120 , Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Chemistry , Kohat University of Science & Technology , Kohat , 26000 , Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ibrar
- Department of Physics , Islamia College Peshawar , 25120 , Peshawar , Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Khushnood Ur Rehman
- Department of Botany , Islamia College Peshawar , 25120 , Peshawar , Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
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181
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Deterpenation of citrus essential oil with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate: A comparison of unit operations. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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182
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Sardar S, Mumtaz A, Jabeen E, Taneez M, Wilfred CD, Maqsood A. Efficient CO2 sorption in phosphonium-based organic salts. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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183
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Chen Y, Fu L, Liu Z, Dai F, Dong Z, Li D, Liu H, Zhao D, Lou Y. Surface tension and surface thermodynamic properties of PEG-based deep eutectic solvents. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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184
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Muhammad S, Khan J, Javed S, Iqbal R, Wali H, Ali Shah L, Khan K, Ahmad S. Synthesis and physioelectrochemical characterization of triethylammonium bisulphate ionic liquid and the role of the electrode surface oxides during ethanol oxidation. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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185
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Sol-gel processing of VO2 (M) in supercritical CO2 and supercritical CO2/ ionic liquid biphasic system. J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.104989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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186
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Hassanshahi N, Hu G, Li J. Application of Ionic Liquids for Chemical Demulsification: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:E4915. [PMID: 33114253 PMCID: PMC7660632 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, ionic liquids have received increasing interests as an effective demulsifier due to their characteristics of non-flammability, thermal stability, recyclability, and low vapor pressure. In this study, emulsion formation and types, chemical demulsification system, the application of ionic liquids as a chemical demulsifier, and key factors affecting their performance were comprehensively reviewed. Future challenges and opportunities of ionic liquids application for chemical demulsification were also discussed. The review indicted that the demulsification performance was affected by the type, molecular weight, and concentration of ionic liquids. Moreover, other factors, including the salinity of aqueous phase, temperature, and oil types, could affect the demulsification process. It can be concluded that ionic liquids can be used as a suitable substitute for commercial demulsifiers, but future efforts should be required to develop non-toxic and less expensive ionic liquids with low viscosity, and the demulsification efficiency could be improved through the application of ionic liquids with other methods such as organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Hassanshahi
- Environmental Engineering Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada;
| | - Guangji Hu
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Jianbing Li
- Environmental Engineering Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada;
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187
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Kumar S, Gawande MB, Kopp J, Kment S, Varma RS, Zbořil R. P- and F-co-doped Carbon Nitride Nanocatalysts for Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction and Thermocatalytic Furanics Synthesis from Sugars. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:5231-5238. [PMID: 32687261 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new P- and F-co-doped amorphous carbon nitride (PFCN) has been synthesized via sol-gel-mediated thermal condensation of dicyandiamide. Such synthesized P- and F-co-doped carbon nitride displayed a well-defined mesoporous nanostructure and enhanced visible light absorption region up to infrared with higher BET surface area of 260.93 m2 g-1 ; the highest recorded value for phosphorus-doped carbon nitride materials. Moreover, the formation mechanism is delineated and the role of templates was found to be essential not only in increasing the surface area but also in facilitating the co-doping of P and F atoms. Co-doping helped to narrow the optical band gap to 1.8 eV, thus enabling an excellent photocatalytic activity for the aqueous reduction of carbon dioxide into methanol under visible-light irradiation, which is fifteen times higher (119.56 μmol g-1 h-1 ) than the bare carbon nitride. P doping introduced Brønsted acidity into the material, turning it into an acid-base bifunctional catalyst. Consequently, the material was also investigated for the thermal conversion of common carbohydrates into furanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subodh Kumar
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Manoj B Gawande
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai-Marathwada Campus, Jalna, Maharashtra, 431213, India
| | - Josef Kopp
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Stepan Kment
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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188
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Kontham V, Padmaja KV, Madhu D. Synthesis of ricinoleate anion based ionic liquids and their application as green lubricating oil additives. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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189
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Yuha YB, Bavoh CB, Lal B, Broni-Bediako E. Methane hydrate phase behaviour in EMIM-Cl water based mud (WBM): An experimental and modelling study. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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190
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Wang J, Song Z, Cheng H, Chen L, Deng L, Qi Z. Multilevel screening of ionic liquid absorbents for simultaneous removal of CO2 and H2S from natural gas. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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191
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Recovery of the ionic liquids [C2mim][OAc] or [C2mim][SCN] by distillation from their binary mixtures with methanol or ethanol. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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192
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Ganem F, Mattedi S, Rodil E, Soto A. Separation of Linalool from Limonene via Extractive Distillation with 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Acetate as Entrainer. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Ganem
- Chemical Engineering Graduate Program, Polytechnic School, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Aristides Novis 2, Federação, 40210-630 Salvador-BA, Brazil
| | - Silvana Mattedi
- Chemical Engineering Graduate Program, Polytechnic School, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Aristides Novis 2, Federação, 40210-630 Salvador-BA, Brazil
| | - Eva Rodil
- CRETUS Institute, Chemical Engineering Department - ETSE, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Soto
- CRETUS Institute, Chemical Engineering Department - ETSE, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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193
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Key Applications and Potential Limitations of Ionic Liquid Membranes in the Gas Separation Process of CO 2, CH 4, N 2, H 2 or Mixtures of These Gases from Various Gas Streams. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184274. [PMID: 32961921 PMCID: PMC7570638 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heightened levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases (GHGs) have prompted research into techniques for their capture and separation, including membrane separation, chemical looping, and cryogenic distillation. Ionic liquids, due to their negligible vapour pressure, thermal stability, and broad electrochemical stability have expanded their application in gas separations. This work provides an overview of the recent developments and applications of ionic liquid membranes (ILMs) for gas separation by focusing on the separation of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrogen (N2), hydrogen (H2), or mixtures of these gases from various gas streams. The three general types of ILMs, such as supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs), ionic liquid polymeric membranes (ILPMs), and ionic liquid mixed-matrix membranes (ILMMMs) for the separation of various mixed gas systems, are discussed in detail. Furthermore, issues, challenges, computational studies and future perspectives for ILMs are also considered. The results of the analysis show that SILMs, ILPMs, and the ILMMs are very promising membranes that have great potential in gas separation processes. They offer a wide range of permeabilities and selectivities for CO2, CH4, N2, H2 or mixtures of these gases. In addition, a comparison was made based on the selectivity and permeability of SILMs, ILPMs, and ILMMMs for CO2/CH4 separation based on a Robeson’s upper bound curves.
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194
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Fernandes LC, Correia DM, Fernández E, Tariq M, Esperança JMSS, Lanceros-Méndez S. Design of Ionic-Liquid-Based Hybrid Polymer Materials with a Magnetoactive and Electroactive Multifunctional Response. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:42089-42098. [PMID: 32806893 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional materials with sensor and actuator capabilities play an increasing role in modern technology. In this scope, hybrid materials with magnetic sensing and an electromechanical actuator response based on magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) and the polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) have been developed. MILs comprising different cation alkyl chain lengths [Cnmim]+ and sharing the same anion [FeCl4]- were incorporated at 20 wt % into the PVDF matrix and the morphological, physical, chemical, and functional properties of the materials were evaluated. An increasing IL alkyl chain length leads to the formation of a porous structure, together with an increase in the electroactive PVDF β-phase content of the polymer and a decrease in the crystallinity degree and thermal stability. The magnetic susceptibility of the [Cnmim][FeCl4]/PVDF films reveals a paramagnetic behavior. The multifunctional response is characterized by a magnetoionic response that decreases with increasing IL alkyl chain length, the highest magnetoionic coefficient (1.06 ± 0.015 V cm-1 Oe-1) being observed for [C2mim][FeCl4]/PVDF. The electromechanical actuator response is characterized by a highest displacement of 1.1 mm for the [C4mim][FeCl4]/PVDF film by applying a voltage of 4 V at a frequency of 100 mHz. Further, their solution processing makes these multiresponsive materials compatible with additive manufacturing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana C Fernandes
- Centre of Physics, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Daniela M Correia
- Centre of Physics, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Centre of Chemistry, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Fernández
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Mohammad Tariq
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - José M S S Esperança
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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195
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Zaitsau DH, Abdelaziz A. The study of decomposition of 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide by using Termogravimetry: Dissecting vaporization and decomposition of ILs. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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196
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De Silva M, Brown AC, Patrick AL. Thermal- and collision-induced dissociation studies of functionalized imidazolium-based ionic liquid cations. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2020; 55:e4518. [PMID: 32578308 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids are now used in applications ranging from chemical synthesis to spacecraft propulsion. With this comes the need to characterize new syntheses, identify environmental contamination, and determine eventual fate in terrestrial and space environments. This work investigates the effects of source conditions, particularly capillary temperature, on the observed mass spectrum and determines the collision-induced dissociation (CID) patterns of imidazolium-based ionic liquid cations as a function of their substituent types. Experiments were carried out on a Thermo LTQ-XL ion-trap mass spectrometer and a Bruker microTOF-Q II mass spectrometer. Dissociation of the imidazolium cations occurred predominantly via substituent losses, except in benzyl-substituted systems, for which the neutral loss of the imidazole was exclusively observed. Several of these dissociation pathways were studied in greater depth using complementary quantum chemical calculations. The nature of the neutral losses from the substituents was found to be highly dependent upon the nature of the substituent, as would be expected, establishing bases for characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maleesha De Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Andrew C Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Amanda L Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
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197
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Li X, Liu X, Yu Y, Long C, Zhang F, Zhang Z. Preparation and characterization of nanometre silicon-based ionic liquid micro-particle materials. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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198
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199
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Zuo L, Ao X, Guo Y. Study on the synthesis of dual-chain ionic liquids and their application in the extraction of flavonoids. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1628:461446. [PMID: 32822985 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids, as tuneable, highly soluble, non-flammable, non-volatile and reusable extractants, have attracted extensive attention in the extraction of flavonoids from plants. In the present work, novel dual-chain imidazolium-derived ionic liquids were synthesized by a simple and efficient method and characterized (NMR spectroscopy, thermal stability, viscosity, conductivity, and polarity). Then, the imidazolium ionic liquids with different cation were used in the microwave-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Pinus massoniana Lamb. The results showed that the ionic liquid [Bmbim]Br, with a relatively low viscosity, conductivity and π* as well as a relatively large β, offered the best extraction efficiency and selectivity for flavonoids. Subsequently, the parameters of the extraction procedure for flavonoids were optimized as follows: extraction temperature of 80 °C, extraction time of 60 min, microwave power of 300 W, solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, and [Bmbim]Br solution concentration of 1.0 mol/L. The extraction yield of total flavonoids was 41.07 mg/g. Finally, a recovery method of the ionic liquid had been demonstrated, and the recovery rate of ionic liquid was 73.14%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zuo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xianquan Ao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yu Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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200
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Maciejewska M. Ionic Liquids and Calcium Oxide Grafted with Allylmalonic Acid Applied to Support the Peroxide Crosslinking of an Ethylene-Propylene Copolymer. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:ma13153260. [PMID: 32708031 PMCID: PMC7436076 DOI: 10.3390/ma13153260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanosized calcium oxide (CaO) featuring a surface grafted with allylmalonic acid (ALA) was used to increase the efficiency of the peroxide crosslinking of an ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPM) filled with silica nanoparticles. In this study, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) with different anions were applied to improve the dispersion of CaO/ALA and silica nanoparticles in the EPM copolymer, as well as to catalyze the interfacial crosslinking reactions. In this article, we discuss the effects of CaO/ALA and ILs on the curing characteristics, vulcanization temperature, crosslink density, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of EPM, as well as the resistance of EPM to weather aging. The CaO/ALA with ILs reduced the vulcanization time of the rubber compounds without a significant effect on the vulcanization temperature. Their application resulted in an increased vulcanizate crosslink density, as well as improved tensile strength compared to the pure peroxide system. The influence of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ILs on EPM vulcanization and performance depends on the anion present in the molecules of the ionic liquid. The most active IL seems to be that with the tetrafluoroborate anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Maciejewska
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego Street 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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