151
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Petriccione M, Ciniglia C. Comet assay to assess the genotoxicity of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) husks with statistical evaluation. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2012; 89:166-171. [PMID: 22526990 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-012-0637-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to confirm the utility of the Comet assay as a genotoxicity screening test for evaluating the impact of walnut husk aqueous extract. Phytotoxicity assays using diluted and undiluted walnut husk aqueous extracts were performed on young roots of Raphanus sativus (radish), and the Comet assay was used to evaluate DNA integrity in isolated radish radicle nuclei. The results reveal a dose-dependent accumulation of DNA damage in radish radicles treated with walnut husks water extract and that the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test combined with Johnson SB distribution was the best approach for describing Comet assay data.
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152
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Abstract
This research aims at separation of polyphenols from Jordanian olive mill wastewater which have possible applications in pharmaceutical industry. The phenolic compounds were isolated using silica column chromatography based on using different solvents after extracting the acidified solution with n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The structural elucidation of the separated compounds was achieved using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectrometry. The concentrations of these compounds were determined by GC-MS after derivatization with N, O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA). The concentrations of the main isolated phenolic compounds in the Jordanian olive mill wastewater were ferulic acid (93.6 mg/L), trans-cinnamic acid (105.3 mg/L), p-coumaric acid (117.0 mg/L), vanillic acid (128.7 mg/L), caffeic acid (140.4 mg/L), tyrosol (210.6 mg/L), and hydroxytyrosol (315.9 mg/L).
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153
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Ristagno G, Fumagalli F, Porretta-Serapiglia C, Orrù A, Cassina C, Pesaresi M, Masson S, Villanova L, Merendino A, Villanova A, Cervo L, Lauria G, Latini R, Bianchi R. Hydroxytyrosol attenuates peripheral neuropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:5859-5865. [PMID: 22594308 DOI: 10.1021/jf2049323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is one of the most frequent and severe complications of diabetes. Hydroxytyrosol (HT), the major antioxidant polyphenolic compound of olive oil, has been investigated as a new potential treatment to counteract the progression of peripheral diabetic neuropathy in rats. An established model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes has been used. After confirmation of hyperglycemia, diabetic and nondiabetic animals were randomized to receive either a low dose or a high dose of HT, or the corresponding vehicle, for 6 weeks. At the end of the 6-week period of treatment, HT blunted plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances increase (p < 0.05) and significantly reduced nerve conduction velocity (p < 0.05) and thermal nociception impairment in diabetic rats (p < 0.05). Sciatic nerve Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity reduction was also abolished by HT (p < 0.05). The present study provides evidence of the therapeutic potential of the natural substance hydroxytyrosol in the early stage of diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Ristagno
- Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
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154
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Rodríguez-Gutiérrez G, Duthie GG, Wood S, Morrice P, Nicol F, Reid M, Cantlay LL, Kelder T, Horgan GW, Fernández-Bolaños Guzmán J, de Roos B. Alperujo extract, hydroxytyrosol, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol are bioavailable and have antioxidant properties in vitamin E-deficient rats-a proteomics and network analysis approach. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:1137-47. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Rodríguez-Gutiérrez
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen United Kingdom
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC); Sevilla Spain
| | - Garry G. Duthie
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Wood
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen United Kingdom
| | - Phil Morrice
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen United Kingdom
| | - Fergus Nicol
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen United Kingdom
| | - Martin Reid
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen United Kingdom
| | - Louise L. Cantlay
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Kelder
- TNO; Research Group Microbiology & Systems Biology; Zeist The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Baukje de Roos
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen United Kingdom
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155
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Azaizeh H, Halahlih F, Najami N, Brunner D, Faulstich M, Tafesh A. Antioxidant activity of phenolic fractions in olive mill wastewater. Food Chem 2012; 134:2226-34. [PMID: 23442678 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Olive mill wastewater (OMW) contains a substantial amount of valuable antioxidant phenols that can be recovered for industrial application as food additives and pharmaceuticals. The present study was aimed at extracting different phenolic OMW fractions, and determining their antioxidant potential. Five different OMW fractions were obtained using fractionation techniques, their antioxidant potential determined by DPPH, ORAC and a β-carotene bleaching test. The total phenol level ranged between 115 and 170 mg/l. The phenolic compounds present in individual fractions were identified using the HPLC-PAD method, where the main compounds were hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, verbascoside, oleuropein, ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid. The five OMW fractions showed different antioxidant levels depending on the test used. DPPH test showed that the fraction of alkyl aromatic alcohols (AAAs) was the best with EC(50) of 20 mg/l and the pure hydroxytyrosol with 2 mg/l. ORAC test showed that AAA and semi hydrolysed total phenol (s-TP) fractions were significantly better than Trolox when compared to 20 mg/l of Trolox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Azaizeh
- Institute of Applied Research (Affiliated with University of Haifa), The Galilee Society, P.O. Box 437, Shefa-Amr 20200, Israel.
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156
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He J, Alister-Briggs M, Lyster TD, Jones GP. Stability and antioxidant potential of purified olive mill wastewater extracts. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.09.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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157
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Santos MM, Piccirillo C, Castro PML, Kalogerakis N, Pintado ME. Bioconversion of oleuropein to hydroxytyrosol by lactic acid bacteria. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 28:2435-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1036-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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158
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Ghanbari R, Anwar F, Alkharfy KM, Gilani AH, Saari N. Valuable nutrients and functional bioactives in different parts of olive (Olea europaea L.)-a review. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:3291-3340. [PMID: 22489153 PMCID: PMC3317714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13033291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Olive tree (Olea europaea L.), a native of the Mediterranean basin and parts of Asia, is now widely cultivated in many other parts of the world for production of olive oil and table olives. Olive is a rich source of valuable nutrients and bioactives of medicinal and therapeutic interest. Olive fruit contains appreciable concentration, 1-3% of fresh pulp weight, of hydrophilic (phenolic acids, phenolic alchohols, flavonoids and secoiridoids) and lipophilic (cresols) phenolic compounds that are known to possess multiple biological activities such as antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antidyslipidemic, cardiotonic, laxative, and antiplatelet. Other important compounds present in olive fruit are pectin, organic acids, and pigments. Virgin olive oil (VOO), extracted mechanically from the fruit, is also very popular for its nutritive and health-promoting potential, especially against cardiovascular disorders due to the presence of high levels of monounsaturates and other valuable minor components such as phenolics, phytosterols, tocopherols, carotenoids, chlorophyll and squalene. The cultivar, area of production, harvest time, and the processing techniques employed are some of the factors shown to influence the composition of olive fruit and olive oil. This review focuses comprehensively on the nutrients and high-value bioactives profile as well as medicinal and functional aspects of different parts of olives and its byproducts. Various factors affecting the composition of this food commodity of medicinal value are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahele Ghanbari
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Farooq Anwar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan
| | - Khalid M. Alkharfy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; E-Mail:
| | - Anwarul-Hassan Gilani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; E-Mail:
- Natural Products Research Division, Department of Biologicaland Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi 74800, Pakistan; E-Mail:
| | - Nazamid Saari
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mail:
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159
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Aviani I, Raviv M, Hadar Y, Saadi I, Dag A, Ben-Gal A, Yermiyahu U, Zipori I, Laor Y. Effects of harvest date, irrigation level, cultivar type and fruit water content on olive mill wastewater generated by a laboratory scale 'Abencor' milling system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 107:87-96. [PMID: 22226593 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Olive mill wastewaters (OMW) were obtained at laboratory scale by milling olives from four cultivars grown at different irrigation levels and harvested at different times. Samples were compared based on wastewater quantity, pH, suspended matter, salinity, organic load, total phenols, NPK, and phytotoxicity. Principal component analysis discriminated between harvest times, regardless of olive cultivar, indicating substantial influence of fruit ripeness on OMW characteristics. OMW properties were affected both by the composition and the extraction efficiency of fruit water. As the fruit water content increased, the concentrations of solutes in the fruit water decreased, but the original fruit water composed a larger portion of the total wastewater volume. These contradicting effects resulted in lack of correlation between fruit water content and OMW properties. The significant effects shown for fruit ripeness, irrigation and cultivar on OMW characteristics indicate that olive horticultural conditions should be considered in future OMW management.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Aviani
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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160
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161
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Justino CIL, Pereira R, Freitas AC, Rocha-Santos TAP, Panteleitchouk TSL, Duarte AC. Olive oil mill wastewaters before and after treatment: a critical review from the ecotoxicological point of view. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2012; 21:615-29. [PMID: 22042608 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-011-0806-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The olive oil mill wastewater (OMW) is a problematic and polluting effluent which may degrade the soil and water quality, with critical negative impacts on ecosystems functions and services provided. The main purpose of this review paper is presenting the state of the art of OMW treatments focusing on their efficiency to reduce OMW toxicity, and emphasizing the role of ecotoxicological tests on the evaluation of such efficiency before the up-scale of treatment methodologies being considered. In the majority of research works, the reduction of OMW toxicity is related to the degradation of phenolic compounds (considered as the main responsible for the toxic effects of OMW on seed germination, on bacteria, and on different species of soil and aquatic invertebrates) or the decrease of chemical oxygen demand content, which is not scientifically sound. Batteries of ecotoxicological tests are not applied before and after OMW treatments as they should be, thus leading to knowledge gaps in terms of accurate and real assessment of OMW toxicity. Although the toxicity of OMW is usually high, the evaluation of effects on sub-lethal endpoints, on individual and multispecies test systems, are currently lacking, and the real impacts yielded by its dilution, in freshwater trophic chains of receiving systems can not be assessed. As far as the terrestrial compartment is considered, ecotoxicological data available include tests only with plants and the evaluation of soil microbial parameters, reflecting concerns with the impacts on crops when using OMW for irrigation purposes. The evaluation of its ecotoxicity to other edaphic species were not performed giving rise to a completely lack of knowledge about the consequences of such practice on other soil functions. OMW production is a great environmental problem in Mediterranean countries; hence, engineers, chemists and ecotoxicologists should face this problem together to find an ecologically friend solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine I L Justino
- Department of Chemistry and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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162
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Randomized controlled study of the urinary excretion of biophenols following acute and chronic intake of olive leaf supplements. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.07.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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163
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Mazzei R, Drioli E, Giorno L. Enzyme membrane reactor with heterogenized β-glucosidase to obtain phytotherapic compound: Optimization study. J Memb Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2011.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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164
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Hamza M, Khoufi S, Sayadi S. Changes in the content of bioactive polyphenolic compounds of olive mill wastewater by the action of exogenous enzymes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:66-73. [PMID: 22082447 DOI: 10.1021/jf203274q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim behind the present research is to develop an enzymatic treatment for olive mill wastewater (OMW) to release high amounts of simple phenolics having high antioxidant value. OMW was hydrolyzed by a mixed enzyme preparation rich in β-glucosidase produced by Aspergillus niger . This research shows that A. niger β-glucosidase played a major role in the release of simple phenolic compounds from OMW. These compounds were recovered by ethyl acetate extraction and identified by HPLC and LC-MS. The main identified phenolic compound is hydroxytyrosol. The results of enzymatic hydrolysis of OMW under optimum conditions indicated a maximum hydroxytyrosol concentration of 2.9 g L(-1) compared to 0.015 g L(-1) contained in the control (test without added enzyme). The above results prove that OMW is a potential substrate for producing hydroxytyrosol through enzymatic hydrolysis of its glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Hamza
- Laboratoire des Bioprocédés Environnementaux, Pôle d'Excellence Régional, AUF, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, BP 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
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165
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166
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Jerman Klen T, Mozetič Vodopivec B. Ultrasonic extraction of phenols from olive mill wastewater: comparison with conventional methods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:12725-31. [PMID: 22053742 DOI: 10.1021/jf202800n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Recovery of phenols from olive mill wastewater (OMWW) was studied, comparing five sample preparation methods: filtration, solid-phase (SPE), liquid-liquid (LLE) and ultrasonic (US)-assisted extraction of liquid and solid (freeze-dried) OMWW. Results showed that ultrasonication is a good alternative to conventional solvent extractions, providing higher recoveries at both levels of individual and total phenol yields. Sonication of liquid OMWW in organic solvent was more efficient vs its nonassisted counterpart (agitation), but did not provide a representative phenol chromatogram due to ethyl acetate use. By contrast, the US-assisted extraction of freeze-dried OMWW (3 × 20 min) in 100% methanol (1.5 g/25 mL, w/v) offered the highest qualitative-quantitative phenol yields without any US-induced alterations. Moreover, freeze-drying is an excellent preservation of initial liquid OMWW, holding a great potential for delayed analysis. This study is also the first report that Slovenian OMWW may be utilized as a valuable source of phenols, especially hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Jerman Klen
- Wine Research Centre, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 11c, 5270-SI Ajdovščina, Slovenia
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167
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González-Paredes A, Clarés-Naveros B, Ruiz-Martínez MA, Durbán-Fornieles JJ, Ramos-Cormenzana A, Monteoliva-Sánchez M. Delivery systems for natural antioxidant compounds: Archaeosomes and archaeosomal hydrogels characterization and release study. Int J Pharm 2011; 421:321-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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168
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Zhang ZL, Chen J, Xu Q, Rao C, Qiao C. Efficient Synthesis of Hydroxytyrosol from 3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2010.531369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Li Zhang
- a College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Jinglei Chen
- a College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Qiongming Xu
- a College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Cui Rao
- a College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Chunhua Qiao
- a College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University , Suzhou , China
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169
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Damak N, Allouche N, Hamdi B, Litaudon M, Damak M. New secoiridoid from olive mill wastewater. Nat Prod Res 2011; 26:125-31. [PMID: 21815725 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.535147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
A new secoiridoid, olenoside A (1a) and its known epimer olenoside B (1b), were isolated from olive mill wastewater as a mixture of two isomers. Their structures, 1-methyl-7-oxo-6,6a,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester, were determined by spectroscopic methods including 2-D NMR. The structure of major compound 1a was confirmed by X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla Damak
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, BP 1171, 3000 Sfax, Tunisie
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170
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Alu'datt MH, Alli I, Ereifej K, Alhamad MN, Alsaad A, Rababeh T. Optimisation and characterisation of various extraction conditions of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in olive seeds. Nat Prod Res 2011; 25:876-89. [PMID: 21547838 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.489048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to optimise the extraction conditions of phenolic compounds to evaluate antioxidant extraction parameters and to identify the major free and bound phenolic compounds in olive seeds. The results obtained using methanol as an extraction solvent for olive seeds indicated that the optimised total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were obtained at an extraction time of 12 h, an extraction temperature of 70°C and an extraction cycle of three stages. The correlation coefficient between total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities was positive (R² = 0.83). The major finding is that the predominant phenolic compounds in olive seeds were present in free form. However, a small percentage of the bound phenolic compounds was found in olive seeds compared to that of the free phenolic compounds. This study recommends that olive seeds with optimised extraction conditions (i.e. optimised correlation between phenolic compound contents and antioxidant activities) can be used as potential food additive candidates in functional, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad H Alu'datt
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan.
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171
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Rouissi K, Hamrita B, Kouidi S, Messai Y, Jaouadi B, Hamden K, Medimegh I, Ouerhani S, Cherif M, Elgaaied AB. In Vivo Prevention of Bladder Urotoxicity. Int J Toxicol 2011; 30:419-27. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581811410444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Urotoxicity is a troublesome complication associated with cyclophosphamide (CP) and L-buthionine-SR-sulfoximine (BSO) treatment in chemotherapy. With this concern in mind, the present study investigated the potential effects of a hydroxytyrosol extract from olive mill waste (OMW) on urotoxicity induced by acute CP and BSO doses using a Swiss albino mouse model. Toxicity modulation was evaluated by measuring lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidants in urinary bladder. The findings revealed that the hydroxytyrosol extract exerted a protective effect not only on LPO but also on enzymatic antioxidants. When compared to the controls, the CP-treated animals underwent significant decreases in the glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GP), and catalase (CAT) activities. The level of glutathione (GSH) was also reduced with increased doses of LPO in the CP-treated animals. L-Buthionine-SR-sulfoximine treatment exerted an additive toxic effect on the CP-treated animals. Interestingly, pretreatment with the hydroxytyrosol extract restored the activities of all enzymes back to normal levels and exhibited an overall protective effect on the CP- and BSO-induced toxicities in urinary bladder. The restoration of GSH through the treatment with the hydroxytyrosol extract can play an important role in reversing CP-induced apoptosis and free radical-mediated LPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Rouissi
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of El-Manar I, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Bechr Hamrita
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of El-Manar I, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Kouidi
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of El-Manar I, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yosra Messai
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of El-Manar I, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Bassem Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Hamden
- Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Science of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Imen Medimegh
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of El-Manar I, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Slah Ouerhani
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Hematology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Cherif
- Department of Urology, Charles Nicole Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amel Benammar Elgaaied
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of El-Manar I, Tunis, Tunisia
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172
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Cicerale S, Conlan XA, Barnett NW, Keast RSJ. The concentration of oleocanthal in olive oil waste. Nat Prod Res 2011; 25:542-8. [PMID: 21391116 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.511214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of oleocanthal in olive pomace waste and compare this to its concentration in extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO). The concentration of oleocanthal in freshly pressed EVOO and its subsequent waste was analysed at early, mid and late season harvests. Oleocanthal concentrations were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In oil, oleocanthal concentration was as follows: 123.24 ± 6.48 mg kg(-1) in early harvest, 114.20 ± 17.42 mg kg(-1) in mid harvest and 152.22 ± 10.54 mg kg(-1) in late harvest. Its concentration in waste was determined to be: 128.25 ± 11.33 mg kg(-1) in early harvest, 112.15 ± 1.51 mg kg(-1) in mid harvest and 62.35 ± 8.00 mg kg(-1) in late harvest. Overall, olive pomace waste is a valuable source of oleocanthal.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cicerale
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Melbourne, Victoria 3125, Australia.
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173
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Synergistic antibacterial effects of polyphenolic compounds from olive mill wastewater. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:431021. [PMID: 21647315 PMCID: PMC3106970 DOI: 10.1155/2011/431021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols or phenolic compounds are groups of secondary metabolites widely distributed in plants and found in olive mill wastewater (OMW). Phenolic compounds as well as OMW extracts were evaluated in vitro for their antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive (Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae). Most of the tested phenols were not effective against the four bacterial strains when tested as single compounds at concentrations of up to 1000 μg mL(-1). Hydroxytyrosol at 400 μg mL(-1) caused complete growth inhibition of the four strains. Gallic acid was effective at 200, and 400 μg mL(-1) against S. aureus, and S. pyogenes, respectively, but not against the gram negative bacteria. An OMW fraction called AntiSolvent was obtained after the addition of ethanol to the crude OMW. HPLC analysis of AntiSolvent fraction revealed that this fraction contains mainly hydroxytyrosol (10.3%), verbascoside (7.4%), and tyrosol (2.6%). The combinations of AntiSolvent/gallic acid were tested using the low minimal inhibitory concentrations which revealed that 50/100-100/100 μg mL(-1) caused complete growth inhibition of the four strains. These results suggest that OMW specific fractions augmented with natural phenolic ingredients may be utilized as a source of bioactive compounds to control pathogenic bacteria.
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174
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Cassano A, Conidi C, Drioli E. Comparison of the performance of UF membranes in olive mill wastewaters treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2011; 45:3197-3204. [PMID: 21489594 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Olives are known to contain an appreciate amount of phenols with good antioxidant properties which are lost in large part in olive mill wastewaters (OMWs) during olive oil production. Membrane technology offers several advantages (low energy consumption, no additive requirements, no phase change) over traditional techniques to recover phenolic compounds from OMWs. The aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of different UF membranes in the treatment of OMWs finalized to the recovery of polyphenols. For this purpose, OMWs were processed, in selected operating conditions, with four flat-sheet UF membranes characterized by different molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) (4, 5 and 10 kDa) and polymeric material (regenerated cellulose and polyethersulphone). Permeate fluxes, fouling index and retention coefficients towards phenolic compounds, total antioxidant activity (TAA) and total organic carbon (TOC) were evaluated. Regenerated cellulose membranes exhibited lower rejections towards phenolic compounds, higher permeate fluxes and lower fouling index if compared with PES membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cassano
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, University of Calabria, via P. Bucci, 17/C, I-87030 Rende (CS), Italy.
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175
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Cardoso SM, Falcão SI, Peres AM, Domingues MRM. Oleuropein/ligstroside isomers and their derivatives in Portuguese olive mill wastewaters. Food Chem 2011; 129:291-296. [PMID: 30634229 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2010] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Olive mill wastewaters (OMW) are a potential source of biophenols, but they have a complex composition with many unknown phenolics. The analysis of purified methanol extracts from two Portuguese OMW by electrospray mass spectrometry in the negative mode showed [M-H]- ions at m/z 539 and m/z 523, corresponding respectively to oleuropein and ligstroside isomers which contain the glucose unit linked to its aromatic moiety. Also, the fragmentation pathway of the [M-H]- ions at m/z 863, 685 and 847 indicated the presence of a diglucoside derivative of the oleuropein isomer and of mono- and diglucosides of the ligstroside isomer, respectively. Moreover, the two OMW samples contained an elenoic derivative of the ion at m/z 685 and a degradation product (m/z 453) of the [M-H]- ion at m/z 523. Future studies focusing on the abundance of these compounds on OMW, as well as their bioactivities, will determine their possible industrial exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana M Cardoso
- CERNAS - Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Bencanta, 3040-316 Coimbra, Portugal; CIMO - Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Sta. Apolónia, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Soraia I Falcão
- CIMO - Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Sta. Apolónia, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal
| | - António M Peres
- CIMO - Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Sta. Apolónia, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal; LSRE - Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Sta. Apolónia, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Maria R M Domingues
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, QOPNA, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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176
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Servili M, Rizzello CG, Taticchi A, Esposto S, Urbani S, Mazzacane F, Di Maio I, Selvaggini R, Gobbetti M, Di Cagno R. Functional milk beverage fortified with phenolic compounds extracted from olive vegetation water, and fermented with functional lactic acid bacteria. Int J Food Microbiol 2011; 147:45-52. [PMID: 21458095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Functional milk beverages (FMB100 and FMB200) fortified with phenolic compounds (100 and 200mg/l) extracted from olive vegetable water, and fermented with γ-amino butyric acid (GABA)-producing (Lactobacillus plantarum C48) and autochthonous human gastro-intestinal (Lactobacillus paracasei 15N) lactic acid bacteria were manufactured. A milk beverage (MB), without addition of phenolic compounds, was used as the control. Except for a longer latency phase of FMB200, the three beverages showed an almost similar kinetic of acidification, consumption of lactose and synthesis of lactic acid. Apart from the beverage, Lb. plantarum C48 showed a decrease of ca. Log 2.52-2.24 cfu/ml during storage. The cell density of functional Lb. paracasei 15N remained always above the value of Log 8.0 cfu/ml. During fermentation, the total concentration of free amino acids markedly increased without significant (P > 0.05) differences between beverages. The concentration of GABA increased during fermentation and further storage (63.0 ± 0.6-67.0 ± 2.1mg/l) without significant (P > 0.05) differences between beverages. After fermentation, FMB100 and FMB200 showed the same phenolic composition of the phenol extract from olive vegetable water but a different ratio between 3,4-DHPEA and 3,4-DHPEA-EDA. During storage, the concentrations of 3,4-DHPEA-EDA, p-HPEA and verbascoside of both FMB100 and FMB200 decreased. Only the concentration of 3,4-DHPEA increased. As shown by SPME-GC-MS analysis, diactetyl, acetoin and, especially, acetaldehyde were the main volatile compounds found. The concentration of phenolic compounds does not interfere with the volatile composition. Sensory analyses based on triangle and paired comparison tests showed that phenolic compounds at the concentrations of 100 or 200mg/l were suitable for addition to functional milk beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Servili
- Dipartimento di Scienze Economico-Estimative e degli Alimenti, Sezione di Tecnologie e Biotecnologie degli Alimenti, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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177
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Angelino D, Gennari L, Blasa M, Selvaggini R, Urbani S, Esposto S, Servili M, Ninfali P. Chemical and cellular antioxidant activity of phytochemicals purified from olive mill waste waters. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:2011-2018. [PMID: 21314125 DOI: 10.1021/jf103881b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The isolation and identification of a phytocomplex from olive mill waste waters (OMWW) was achieved. The isolated phytocomplex is made up of the following three phenolic compounds: hydroxytyrosol (3,4-DHPEA), tyrosol (p-HPEA) and the dialdehydic form of decarboxymethyl elenolic acid, linked with (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol (3,4-DHPEA-EDA). The purification of this phytocomplex was reached by partial dehydration of the OMWW, followed by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and middle pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) on a Sephadex LH-20 column. The phytocomplex accounted for 6% of the total phenolic content of the OMWW. The phytocomplex and individual compounds were tested for antioxidant capacity by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) method. The ORAC phytocomplex produced 10,000 ORAC units/g dry weight, whereas the cellular antioxidant activity, measured by the cellular antioxidant activity in red blood cell (CAA-RBC) method, demonstrated that the phytocomplex and all of the components are able to permeate the cell membrane thus exhibiting antioxidant activity inside the red blood cells. Our phytocomplex could be employed in the formulation of fortified foods and nutraceuticals, with the goal to obtain substantial health protective effects due to the suitable combination of the component molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Angelino
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi, 2, Urbino 61029 (PU), Italy
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178
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Marco A, Ferrer C, Velasco LM, Rodrigo D, Muguerza B, Martínez A. Effect of olive powder and high hydrostatic pressure on the inactivation of Bacillus cereus spores in a reference medium. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2011; 8:681-5. [PMID: 21381901 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2010.0712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the effect of olive powder combined with high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on the inactivation of Bacillus cereus spores, to use it as an additional control hurdle in beverages pasteurised by this technology. With this purpose, reference medium prepared at different concentrations of olive powder was inoculated with B. cereus spores and subjected to different pressure treatments. The outgrowth capacity of the treated spores was then determined at 20°C and 32°C. The addition of olive powder was found to slightly reduce the effectiveness of HHP, although in post-treatment storage there was an increased bacteriostatic effect in the samples with 2.5% of olive powder at both temperatures in the samples pressurised at 400 and 500 MPa, and only at 20°C in the samples pressurised at 200 MPa. The addition of olive powder therefore had an additive effect with storage temperature and HHP processing and could act as an additional control hurdle during the shelf-life of products pasteurised by HHP technologies or in the case of cold-chain breakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Marco
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
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179
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Servili M, Esposto S, Veneziani G, Urbani S, Taticchi A, Di Maio I, Selvaggini R, Sordini B, Montedoro G. Improvement of bioactive phenol content in virgin olive oil with an olive-vegetation water concentrate produced by membrane treatment. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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180
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Pérez-Bonilla M, Salido S, van Beek TA, Waard PD, Linares-Palomino PJ, Sánchez A, Altarejos J. Isolation of antioxidative secoiridoids from olive wood (Olea europaea L.) guided by on-line HPLC–DAD–radical scavenging detection. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.05.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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181
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García-González DL, Aparicio R. Research in olive oil: challenges for the near future. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:12569-12577. [PMID: 21087051 DOI: 10.1021/jf102735n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Olive oil, a traditional food product with thousands of years of history, is continually evolving toward a more competitive global market. Being one of the most studied foods across different disciplines, olive oil still needs intensive research activity to face some vulnerabilities and challenges. This perspective describes some of them and shows a vision of research on olive oil for the near future, bringing together those aspects that are more relevant for better understanding and protection of this edible oil. To accomplish the most urgent challenges, some possible strategies are outlined, taking advantage of the latest analytical advances, considering six areas: (i) olive growing; (ii) processing, byproduct, and environmental issues; (iii) virgin olive oil sensory quality; (iv) purity, authentication, and traceability; (v) health and nutrition; (vi) consumers. The coming research, besides achieving those challenges, would increase the understanding of some aspects that are still the subject of debate and controversy among scientists focused on olive oil.
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182
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Ignat I, Volf I, Popa VI. A critical review of methods for characterisation of polyphenolic compounds in fruits and vegetables. Food Chem 2010; 126:1821-35. [PMID: 25213963 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 642] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds, ubiquitous in plants, are of considerable interest and have received more and more attention in recent years due to their bioactive functions. Polyphenols are amongst the most desirable phytochemicals due to their antioxidant activity. These components are known as secondary plant metabolites and possess also antimicrobial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties along with their high antioxidant capacity. Many efforts have been made to provide a highly sensitive and selective analytical method for the determination and characterisation of polyphenols. The aim of this paper is to provide information on the most recent developments in the chemical investigation of polyphenols emphasising the extraction, separation and analysis of these compounds by chromatographic and spectral techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Ignat
- "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, 71 A Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Irina Volf
- "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, 71 A Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Valentin I Popa
- "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, 71 A Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania
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183
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184
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Cardinali A, Cicco N, Linsalata V, Minervini F, Pati S, Pieralice M, Tursi N, Lattanzio V. Biological activity of high molecular weight phenolics from olive mill wastewater. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:8585-8590. [PMID: 20681646 DOI: 10.1021/jf101437c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Olive oil production generates large amounts of recalcitrant compounds, the olive oil mill wastewater (OMWW), which represent one of the most contaminating effluents among those produced by the agrofood industries. Nowadays, this view has changed to one that recognizes the waste as a low-cost starting material rich in bioactive compounds, particularly biophenols, that can be extracted and applied as natural antioxidants for the food and pharmaceutical industries. The data reported in this paper indicate that the OMWW extracts, besides low molecular weight antioxidant phenolics such as tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol, also contain phenolics with a molecular weight in the range of 600-5000 Da, which exhibit efficient scavenging activities against hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals. This group of phenolics includes, besides verbascoside, isoverbascoside, and an oxidized form of verbascoside, a number of higher molecular weight phenolics arising from oxidative polymerization of hydroxytyrosol and caffeic acid. Overall, these higher molecular weight phenolics prove to be, in some in vitro tests, more efficient scavengers of hydrophilic hydroxyl radicals than hydroxytyrosol, which could be used for industrial applications as natural nontoxic antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Cardinali
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 bBari, Italy
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185
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Garcia-Castello E, Cassano A, Criscuoli A, Conidi C, Drioli E. Recovery and concentration of polyphenols from olive mill wastewaters by integrated membrane system. WATER RESEARCH 2010; 44:3883-3892. [PMID: 20639013 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Revised: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to analyse the potentialities of an integrated membrane system for the recovery, purification and concentration of polyphenols from olive mill wastewater (OMW). The proposed system included some well-known membrane operations such as microfiltration (MF) and nanofiltration (NF), as well as others not yet investigated for this specific application, such as osmotic distillation (OD) and vacuum membrane distillation (VMD). The OMW was directly submitted to a MF operation without preliminary centrifugation. This step allowed to achieve a 91% and 26% reduction of suspended solids and total organic carbon (TOC), respectively. Moreover, 78% of the initial content of polyphenols was recovered in the permeate stream. The MF permeate was then submitted to a NF treatment. Almost all polyphenols were recovered in the produced permeate solution, while TOC was reduced from 15 g/L to 5.6 g/L. A concentrated solution enriched in polyphenols was obtained by treating the NF permeate by OD. In particular, a solution containing about 0.5 g/L of free low molecular weight polyphenols, with hydroxytyrosol representing 56% of the total, was produced by using a calcium chloride dihydrate solution as brine. The obtained solution is of interest for preparing formulations to be used in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. Besides the OD process, VMD was applied as another way for concentrating the NF permeate and the performance of both processes was compared in terms of evaporation fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Garcia-Castello
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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186
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Hamden K, Allouche N, Jouadi B, El-Fazaa S, Gharbi N, Carreau S, Damak M, Elfeki A. Inhibitory action of purified hydroxytyrosol from stored olive mill waste on intestinal disaccharidases and lipase activities and pancreatic toxicity in diabetic rats. Food Sci Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-010-0062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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187
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Fu S, Arráez-Roman D, Segura-Carretero A, Menéndez JA, Menéndez-Gutiérrez MP, Micol V, Fernández-Gutiérrez A. Qualitative screening of phenolic compounds in olive leaf extracts by hyphenated liquid chromatography and preliminary evaluation of cytotoxic activity against human breast cancer cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:643-54. [PMID: 20238105 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3604-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Revised: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS) and electrospray ion trap multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-IT-MS(2)) has been applied to screen phenolic compounds in olive leaf extracts. The use of a small particle size C18 column (1.8 micro) provided great resolution and made separation of a lot of isomers possible. The structural characterization was based on accurate mass data obtained by ESI-TOF-MS, and the nature of fragmentation ions were further confirmed by ESI-IT-MS(2) when possible. In addition, we employed tetrazolium salt (MTT)-based assays to assess the effects of olive leaf extracts on the growth of human tumor-derived cells. Upon this approach, we achieved an accurate profile of olive leaf phenolics along with the identification of several important isomers of secoiridoids and flavonoids. This will allow a better understanding of the complete composition of olive-leaf-bioactive compounds as well as their involvement in Olea europaea L. biochemical pathways. Importantly, olive leaf extracts exhibited dose-dependent inhibitory effects on the metabolic status (cell viability) of three breast cancer models in vitro. Since the tumoricidal activity of the extracts should be mainly attributed to the identified olive leaf phenolics, these findings warrant further investigation at the structure-function molecular level to definitely establish the anticancer value of these phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoping Fu
- Institute of Chemistry and Applications of Plant Resources, School of Biological & Food Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, 1 Qinggong Yuan, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, 116034, China
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188
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Justino C, Marques AG, Duarte KR, Duarte AC, Pereira R, Rocha-Santos T, Freitas AC. Degradation of phenols in olive oil mill wastewater by biological, enzymatic, and photo-Fenton oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2010; 17:650-656. [PMID: 19841956 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-009-0256-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND, AIM, AND SCOPE Olive oil mill wastewater (OOMW) environmental impacts minimization have been attempted by developing more effective processes, but no chemical or biological treatments were found to be totally effective to mitigate their impact on receiving systems. This work is the first that reports simultaneously the efficiency of three different approaches: biological treatment by two fungal species (Trametes versicolor or Pleurotus sajor caju), enzymatic treatment by laccase, and chemical treatment by photo-Fenton oxidation on phenols removal. MATERIALS AND METHODS Those treatments were performed on OOMW with or without phenol supplement (p-coumaric, vanillin, guaiacol, vanillic acid, or tyrosol). OOMW samples resulted from treatments were extracted for phenols using liquid-liquid extraction and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. RESULTS Treatment with T. versicolor or P. sajor caju were able to remove between 22% and 74% and between 8% and 76% of phenols, respectively. Treatment by laccase was able to reduce 4% to 70% of phenols whereas treatment by photo-Fenton oxidation was responsible for 100% phenols reduction. DISCUSSION Range of phenol degradation was equivalent between T. versicolor, P. sajor caju and laccase for p-coumaric, guaiacol, caffeic acid, and tyrosol in supplemented OOMW, which enhances this enzyme role in the biological treatment promoted by these two species. CONCLUSIONS Phenols were removed more efficiently by photo-Fenton treatment than by biological or enzymatic treatments. RECOMMENDATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES Use of fungi, laccase, or photo-Fenton presents great potential for removing phenols from OOMW. This should be further assessed by increasing the application scale and the reactor configurations effect on the performance, besides a toxicity evaluation of treated wastewater in comparison to raw wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Justino
- ISEIT/Viseu, Instituto Piaget, Estrada do Alto do Gaio, Viseu, Portugal.
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189
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Coimbra MA, Cardoso SM, Lopes-da-Silva JA. Olive Pomace, a Source for Valuable Arabinan-Rich Pectic Polysaccharides. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2010; 294:129-41. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2010_60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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190
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Yangui T, Dhouib A, Rhouma A, Sayadi S. Potential of hydroxytyrosol-rich composition from olive mill wastewater as a natural disinfectant and its effect on seeds vigour response. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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191
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Gonçalves C, Lopes M, Ferreira JP, Belo I. Biological treatment of olive mill wastewater by non-conventional yeasts. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:3759-3763. [PMID: 19231162 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2008] [Revised: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The ability of lipolytic yeasts to grow on olive mill wastewater (OMW)-based medium and to produce high-value compounds while degrading this waste, was tested. OMW collected from three-phase olive mills from the North region of Portugal were characterized and used. OMW with COD ranging from 100 g L(-1) to 200 g L(-1) were supplemented with yeast extract and ammonium chloride. Studies of OMW consumption were carried out in batch cultures of Candida rugosa, Candida cylindracea and Yarrowia lipolytica. All strains were able to grow in the OMW-based media, without dilution, to consume reducing sugars and to reduce COD. C. cylindracea was the best strain concerning the lipase production and the reduction of phenolic compounds and COD. For all strains, the phenols degradation was quite difficult, mostly when more easily degradable carbon source is still present in the medium. Among the phenolic compounds tested catechol is the most inhibitory to the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Gonçalves
- IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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192
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Hamden K, Allouche N, Damak M, Elfeki A. Hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of phenolic extracts and purified hydroxytyrosol from olive mill waste in vitro and in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 180:421-32. [PMID: 19393637 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of phenolic extract and purified hydroxytyrosol (HT) from olive mill waste (OMW) on oxidative stress and hyperglycemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The OMW biophenols were extracted using ethyl acetate. The obtained extract was fractionated by solid phase extraction (SPE) experimentation to generate two fractions: (F1) and (F2). HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS analysis showed that (F1) was made of known OMW monomeric phenolics mainly hydroxytyrosol (HT) while (F2) contained oligomeric and polymeric phenols such as verbascosid and ligstrosid. (HT) was purified from (F1) using silica gel-column chromatography and silica gel-TLC techniques. In incubated pancreas, supplementation of OMW fractions enhanced insulin secretion. The administration of OMW extract fractions (F1) and (F2) as well as purified (HT) in diabetic rats caused a decrease in glucose level in plasma and an increase in renal superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities in liver and kidney. Furthermore, a protective action against hepatic and renal toxicity in diabetic rats was clearly observed. Furthermore, a significant decrease in hepatic and renal indices toxicity was observed, i.e. alkalines phosphatases (ALP), aspartate and lactate transaminases (AST and ALT) activities and the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARs), total and direct bilirubin, creatinine and urea levels. In addition, (F1), (F2) and especially (HT) decreased triglycerides (TG), total-cholesterol (T-Ch) and higher HDL-cholesterol (HDL-Ch) in serum. These beneficial effects of OMW biophenols were confirmed by histological findings in hepatic, renal and pancreatic tissues of diabetic rats. This study demonstrates for the first time that OMW polyphenols and especially (HT) are efficient in inhibiting hyperglycemia and oxidative stress induced by diabetes and suggests that administration of HT may be helpful in the prevention of diabetic complications associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Hamden
- Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Sciences, Sfax, Tunisia.
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193
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Cicerale S, Conlan XA, Sinclair AJ, Keast RSJ. Chemistry and health of olive oil phenolics. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2009; 49:218-36. [PMID: 19093267 DOI: 10.1080/10408390701856223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is associated with a lower incidence of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and certain types of cancer. The apparent health benefits have been partially attributed to the dietary consumption of virgin olive oil by Mediterranean populations. Most recent interest has focused on the biologically active phenolic compounds naturally present in virgin olive oils. Studies (human, animal, in vivo and in vitro) have shown that olive oil phenolics have positive effects on certain physiological parameters, such as plasma lipoproteins, oxidative damage, inflammatory markers, platelet and cellular function, and antimicrobial activity. Presumably, regular dietary consumption of virgin olive oil containing phenolic compounds manifests in health benefits associated with a Mediterranean diet. This paper summarizes current knowledge on the physiological effects of olive oil phenolics. Moreover, a number of factors have the ability to affect phenolic concentrations in virgin olive oil, so it is of great importance to understand these factors in order to preserve the essential health promoting benefits of olive oil phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cicerale
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
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194
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Rodríguez G, Lama A, Trujillo M, Espartero JL, Fernández-Bolaños J. Isolation of a powerful antioxidant from Olea europaea fruit-mill waste: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2008.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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195
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Queimada AJ, Mota FL, Pinho SP, Macedo EA. Solubilities of Biologically Active Phenolic Compounds: Measurements and Modeling. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:3469-76. [DOI: 10.1021/jp808683y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- António J. Queimada
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering (LSRE), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200 - 465 Porto, Portugal, and Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering (LSRE), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Fátima L. Mota
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering (LSRE), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200 - 465 Porto, Portugal, and Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering (LSRE), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Simão P. Pinho
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering (LSRE), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200 - 465 Porto, Portugal, and Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering (LSRE), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Eugénia A. Macedo
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering (LSRE), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200 - 465 Porto, Portugal, and Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering (LSRE), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal
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196
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Obied HK, Prenzler PD, Konczak I, Rehman AU, Robards K. Chemistry and Bioactivity of Olive Biophenols in Some Antioxidant and Antiproliferative in Vitro Bioassays. Chem Res Toxicol 2008; 22:227-34. [DOI: 10.1021/tx8004168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan K. Obied
- School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, E. H. Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia, Food Science Australia, Riverside Life Sciences Centre, North Ryde, NSW, Australia, and Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agriculture Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Paul D. Prenzler
- School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, E. H. Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia, Food Science Australia, Riverside Life Sciences Centre, North Ryde, NSW, Australia, and Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agriculture Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Izabela Konczak
- School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, E. H. Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia, Food Science Australia, Riverside Life Sciences Centre, North Ryde, NSW, Australia, and Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agriculture Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Ata-u Rehman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, E. H. Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia, Food Science Australia, Riverside Life Sciences Centre, North Ryde, NSW, Australia, and Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agriculture Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Kevin Robards
- School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, E. H. Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia, Food Science Australia, Riverside Life Sciences Centre, North Ryde, NSW, Australia, and Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agriculture Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
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197
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Bioremediation and biovalorisation of olive-mill wastes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 82:25-39. [PMID: 19082586 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1801-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Revised: 11/16/2008] [Accepted: 11/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Olive-mill wastes are produced by the industry of olive oil production, which is a very important economic activity, particularly for Spain, Italy and Greece, leading to a large environmental problem of current concern in the Mediterranean basin. There is as yet no accepted treatment method for all the wastes generated during olive oil production, mainly due to technical and economical limitations but also the scattered nature of olive mills across the Mediterranean basin. The production of virgin olive oil is expanding worldwide, which will lead to even larger amounts of olive-mill waste, unless new treatment and valorisation technologies are devised. These are encouraged by the trend of current environmental policies, which favour protocols that include valorisation of the waste. This makes biological treatments of particular interest. Thus, research into different biodegradation options for olive-mill wastes and the development of new bioremediation technologies and/or strategies, as well as the valorisation of microbial biotechnology, are all currently needed. This review, whilst presenting a general overview, focus critically on the most significant recent advances in the various types of biological treatments, the bioremediation technology most commonly applied and the valorisation options, which together will form the pillar for future developments within this field.
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198
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Servili M, Taticchi A, Esposto S, Urbani S, Selvaggini R, Montedoro G. Influence of the decrease in oxygen during malaxation of olive paste on the composition of volatiles and phenolic compounds in virgin olive oil. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:10048-10055. [PMID: 18837502 DOI: 10.1021/jf800694h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The sensory and health properties of virgin olive oil (VOO) are highly related to its volatile and phenolic composition. Oxygen control in the pastes during malaxation may be a new technological parameter to regulate enzymatic activities, such as polyphenoloxidase, peroxidase, and lipoxygenase, which affect the phenolic and volatile composition of VOO. In this work, we monitored CO2 and O2 concentrations during industrial-scale olive paste malaxation with various initial O2 concentrations within the malaxer headspace. Results show that the O2 concentration in the malaxer headspace did not affect CO2 production during processing, whereas a strong influence was observed on the changes of the phenolic composition of olive pastes and VOOs, with high correlation coefficient for the total phenols (R = 0.94), especially for oleuropein and demethyloleuropein derivatives (R = 0.81). In contrast, aroma production during malaxation was minimally affected by the O2 concentration in the malaxer headspace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Servili
- Dipartimento di Scienze Economico, Estimative e degli Alimenti, Sezione di Tecnologie e Biotecnologie degli Alimenti, Universitá degli Studi di Perugia, Via S. Costanzo, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
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199
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200
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Plant in vitro culture for the production of antioxidants — A review. Biotechnol Adv 2008; 26:548-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2008] [Revised: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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