151
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Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatments primarily address traumatic memories, despite PTSD's association with both traumatic and positive memory difficulties. Addressing this gap, we explored the perspectives of trauma-exposed individuals with mental health treatment experience on therapeutically addressing positive memories. A treatment-seeking sample from a community mental health center (n1 = 60) and a community sample from Amazon's Mechanical Turk (n2 = 123) were queried on the acceptability, feasibility, and delivery/components of a pilot positive memory technique. Results indicated interest or willingness in therapeutically discussing positive memories; most endorsed benefits were improved mood, positive thoughts, and self-esteem. Few barriers were identified (e.g., lack of evidence) compared with feasibility factors (ease/usefulness, improved satisfaction/tolerability, and engagement in PTSD treatment). Preferred treatment components included identifying/discussing positive memories, eliciting associated positive affect, and writing about the positive memory as homework. Results provide formative support for the development and integration of a positive memory technique into PTSD treatments.
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152
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Mwilambwe-Tshilobo L, Ge T, Chong M, Ferguson MA, Misic B, Burrow AL, Leahy RM, Spreng RN. Loneliness and meaning in life are reflected in the intrinsic network architecture of the brain. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 14:423-433. [PMID: 30924854 PMCID: PMC6523421 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsz021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Social relationships imbue life with meaning, whereas loneliness diminishes one's sense of meaning in life. Yet the extent of interdependence between these psychological constructs remains poorly understood. We took a multivariate network approach to examine resting-state fMRI functional connectivity’s association with loneliness and meaning in a large cohort of adults (N = 942). Loneliness and meaning in life were negatively correlated with one another. In their relationship with individually parcelled whole-brain measures of functional connectivity, a significant and reliable pattern was observed. Greater loneliness was associated with dense, and less modular, connections between default, frontoparietal, attention and perceptual networks. A greater sense of life meaning was associated with increased, and more modular, connectivity between default and limbic networks. Low loneliness was associated with more modular brain connectivity, and lower life meaning was associated with higher between-network connectivity. These findings advance our understanding of loneliness and life meaning as distinct, yet interdependent, features of sociality. The results highlight a potential role of the default network as a central hub, providing a putative neural mechanism for shifting between feelings of isolation and purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Mwilambwe-Tshilobo
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tian Ge
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Minqi Chong
- Department of Electrical Engineering-Systems, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Ferguson
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bratislav Misic
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anthony L Burrow
- Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Richard M Leahy
- Department of Electrical Engineering-Systems, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R Nathan Spreng
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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153
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Simonet DV, Castille CM. The search for meaningful work: A network analysis of personality and the job characteristics model. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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154
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Garland EL, Hanley AW, Riquino MR, Reese SE, Baker AK, Salas K, Yack BP, Bedford CE, Bryan MA, Atchley R, Nakamura Y, Froeliger B, Howard MO. Mindfulness-oriented recovery enhancement reduces opioid misuse risk via analgesic and positive psychological mechanisms: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol 2019; 87:927-940. [PMID: 31556669 DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the heightened urgency of the current prescription opioid crisis, few psychotherapies have been evaluated for chronic pain patients receiving long-term opioid analgesics. Current psychological pain treatments focus primarily on ameliorating negative affective processes, yet basic science suggests that risk for opioid misuse is linked with a dearth of positive affect. Interventions that modulate positive psychological processes may produce therapeutic benefits among patients with opioid-treated chronic pain. The aim of this study was to conduct a theory-driven mechanistic analysis of proximal outcome data from a Stage 2 randomized controlled trial of Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE), an integrative intervention designed to promote positive psychological health. METHOD Patients with opioid-treated chronic pain (N = 95; age = 56.8 ± 11.7; 66% female) were randomized to 8 weeks of therapist-led MORE or support group (SG) interventions. A latent positive psychological health variable comprised of positive affect, meaning in life, and self-transcendence measures was examined as a mediator of the effect of MORE on changes in pain severity at posttreatment and opioid misuse risk by 3-month follow-up. RESULTS Participants in MORE reported significantly greater reductions in pain severity by posttreatment (p = .03) and opioid misuse risk by 3-month follow-up (p = .03) and significantly greater increases in positive psychological health (p < .001) than SG participants. Increases in positive psychological health mediated the effect of MORE on pain severity by posttreatment (p = .048), which in turn predicted decreases in opioid misuse risk by follow-up (p = .02). CONCLUSIONS Targeting positive psychological mechanisms via MORE and other psychological interventions may reduce opioid misuse risk among chronic pain patients receiving long-term opioid therapy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Garland
- Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development and College of Social Work, University of Utah
| | - Adam W Hanley
- Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development and College of Social Work, University of Utah
| | - Michael R Riquino
- Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development and College of Social Work, University of Utah
| | - Sarah E Reese
- Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development and College of Social Work, University of Utah
| | - Anne K Baker
- Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development and College of Social Work, University of Utah
| | - Karen Salas
- Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development and College of Social Work, University of Utah
| | - Brooke P Yack
- Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development and College of Social Work, University of Utah
| | - Carter E Bedford
- Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development and College of Social Work, University of Utah
| | - Myranda A Bryan
- Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development and College of Social Work, University of Utah
| | - Rachel Atchley
- Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development and College of Social Work, University of Utah
| | - Yoshio Nakamura
- Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah
| | - Brett Froeliger
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Matthew O Howard
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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155
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Ko A, Pick CM, Kwon JY, Barlev M, Krems JA, Varnum MEW, Neel R, Peysha M, Boonyasiriwat W, Brandstätter E, Crispim AC, Cruz JE, David D, David OA, de Felipe RP, Fetvadjiev VH, Fischer R, Galdi S, Galindo O, Golovina G, Gomez-Jacinto L, Graf S, Grossmann I, Gul P, Hamamura T, Han S, Hitokoto H, Hřebíčková M, Johnson JL, Karl JA, Malanchuk O, Murata A, Na J, O J, Rizwan M, Roth E, Salgado SAS, Samoylenko E, Savchenko T, Sevincer AT, Stanciu A, Suh EM, Talhelm T, Uskul AK, Uz I, Zambrano D, Kenrick DT. Family Matters: Rethinking the Psychology of Human Social Motivation. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2019; 15:173-201. [DOI: 10.1177/1745691619872986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
What motives do people prioritize in their social lives? Historically, social psychologists, especially those adopting an evolutionary perspective, have devoted a great deal of research attention to sexual attraction and romantic-partner choice (mate seeking). Research on long-term familial bonds (mate retention and kin care) has been less thoroughly connected to relevant comparative and evolutionary work on other species, and in the case of kin care, these bonds have been less well researched. Examining varied sources of data from 27 societies around the world, we found that people generally view familial motives as primary in importance and mate-seeking motives as relatively low in importance. Compared with other groups, college students, single people, and men place relatively higher emphasis on mate seeking, but even those samples rated kin-care motives as more important. Furthermore, motives linked to long-term familial bonds are positively associated with psychological well-being, but mate-seeking motives are associated with anxiety and depression. We address theoretical and empirical reasons why there has been extensive research on mate seeking and why people prioritize goals related to long-term familial bonds over mating goals. Reallocating relatively greater research effort toward long-term familial relationships would likely yield many interesting new findings relevant to everyday people’s highest social priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahra Ko
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University
| | - Cari M. Pick
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel David
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeş-Bolyai University
| | - Oana A. David
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeş-Bolyai University
| | | | | | - Ronald Fischer
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington
- Behavioral Neuroscience Lab, Instituto D’Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silvia Galdi
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli
| | | | | | - Luis Gomez-Jacinto
- Department of Social Psychology, Social Anthropology, Social Work and Social Services, University of Malaga
| | - Sylvie Graf
- Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences
| | | | - Pelin Gul
- Department of Psychology, Iowa State University
| | | | - Shihui Han
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University
| | | | | | | | - Johannes A. Karl
- Behavioral Neuroscience Lab, Instituto D’Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Asuka Murata
- Center for Experimental Research in Social Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | | | - Jiaqing O
- Department of Psychology, Aberystwyth University
| | | | - Eric Roth
- Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, Universidad Católica Boliviana
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Irem Uz
- Department of Psychology, TOBB University of Economics and Technology
| | - Danilo Zambrano
- Department of Psychology, Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz
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156
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Yerbury RM, Boyd WE. Dolphins and Human Flourishing: A Novel Application of the PERMA Model. ECOPSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1089/eco.2019.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M. Yerbury
- Southern Cross University, Department of Environment, Science and Engineering, Lismore, Australia
| | - William E. Boyd
- Southern Cross University, Department of Environment, Science and Engineering, Lismore, Australia
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157
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Arnoux-Nicolas C, Sovet L, Lhotellier L, Dupont MP, Fertin F, Bernaud JL. Événements vécus et sens de la vie : vers une différenciation des composantes de sens. PRAT PSYCHOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prps.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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158
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Hofmann H, Kohlmann CW. Dimensionality of mental health activities in a German sample. Health Promot Int 2019; 34:1106-1116. [PMID: 30256934 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/day078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For the promotion of mental health and the reduction of mental impairment, a person's behavior is of vital importance. Therefore, the assessment of mental health behavior is crucial in the development of suitable interventions. The present study investigates 14 self-help strategies compiled by Morgan and Jorm (Self-help strategies that are helpful for sub-threshold depression: a Delphi consensus study. J Affect Disord2009;115: 196-200) as items of a self-report scale to assess mental health promoting behavior. Dimensionality and psychometrics of mental health activities were examined in a sample of 852 German adults (76% female). After exploratory factor analyses (EFAs, n = 543), several factor structure possibilities were subsequently tested by confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs, n = 309). Based on these results, psychometric properties were calculated. Factor analyses result in a three-factor solution with the subscales positive orientation, physical engagement and emotion regulation. CFAs indicate a good model fit. The total scale showed acceptable reliability. Correlations with indicators of positive mental health were higher than with those of mental impairment. Moreover, correlations support the three-factor structure of the instrument. Women scored higher than men in the total scale, due to differences in the subscale emotion regulation. Although some modifications were performed, the results of our analyses suggest that the self-help strategies introduced by Morgan and Jorm (2009) are indeed useful items for a brief scale to assess mental health activity. The identification of the multidimensionality is an important step in supporting the work of mental health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Hofmann
- Department of Health Psychology, University of Education, Oberbettringer Str. 200, 73525 Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany
| | - Carl-Walter Kohlmann
- Department of Health Psychology, University of Education, Oberbettringer Str. 200, 73525 Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany
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159
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Scott MJ, Cohen AB. Surviving and Thriving: Fundamental Social Motives Provide Purpose in Life. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2019; 46:944-960. [PMID: 31722617 DOI: 10.1177/0146167219883604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose in life (PIL) is often associated with grand achievements and existential beliefs, but recent theory suggests that it might ultimately track gainful pursuit of basic evolved goals. Five studies (N = 1,993) investigated the relationships between fundamental social motives and PIL. In Study 1, attribution of a life goal pursuit to disease avoidance, affiliation, or kin care motives correlated with higher PIL. Studies 2 and 3 found correlations of self-protection, disease avoidance, affiliation, mate retention, and kin care motives with PIL after controlling for potential confounds. Study 4 showed that writing about success in the status, mating, and kin care domains increased PIL. Study 5 replicated the effect for mating and kin care, but not for status. Results imply that fundamental motives link to PIL through a sense of progress, rather than raw desire. Overall, this set of studies suggests that pursuit of evolved fundamental goals contributes to a purposeful life.
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160
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Abstract
Individuals are motivated to maintain a sense of meaning, and enact cognitive processes to do so (e.g., perceiving structure in the environment). This motivation to find meaning may ultimately impact humans’ interpretation of "bullshit", statements intended to convey profundity without any meaning. Conversely, subtle cues threatening the meaningfulness of bullshit may elicit greater skepticism. Three studies tested situational factors predicted to heighten or diminish susceptibility to bullshit by changing motivations to seek meaning. We employed diverse methods including symbolic meaning threat (Study 1), social exclusion (Cyberball; Study 2), and manipulating cognitive fluency (Study 3). Taken together, the results indicate basic processes shaping the detection of meaning have implications for the appraisal of ambiguously insightful information.
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161
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Goodman FR, Kashdan TB. The most important life goals of people with and without social anxiety disorder: Focusing on emotional interference and uncovering meaning in life. THE JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 16:272-281. [PMID: 34239597 PMCID: PMC8259167 DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2019.1689423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
People with social anxiety disorder (SAD) display maladaptive attitudes towards emotions. In this experience-sampling study, we explored the extent to which people with SAD viewed anxiety and pain as an impediment to pursuing personal strivings and deriving meaning in life. Participants were adults diagnosed with SAD and a control comparison group who completed baseline questionnaires and daily surveys for 14 consecutive days. People with SAD perceived anxiety and pain as interfering with progress towards their strivings to a greater degree than healthy controls. Perception of emotion-related goal interference was inversely associated with daily meaning. This relationship was moderated by diagnostic group such that there was a strong, inverse association with daily meaning in life for people with SAD; for controls, no association was found. Results suggest that negative beliefs about the value of anxiety and pain are pronounced in people with SAD and may impede derivation of meaning in life.
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162
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Contractor AA, Caldas SV, Dolan M, Banducci AN, Jin L. Exploratory examination of clinician perspectives on positive memories and post‐traumatic stress disorder interventions. COUNSELLING & PSYCHOTHERAPY RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/capr.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Megan Dolan
- Department of Psychology University of North Texas Denton TX USA
| | - Anne N. Banducci
- VA Boston Healthcare System Boston MA USA
- Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA USA
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Psychology University of North Texas Denton TX USA
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163
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Martela F, Ryan RM. Distinguishing between basic psychological needs and basic wellness enhancers: the case of beneficence as a candidate psychological need. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-019-09800-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In order to be considered a basic psychological need, a candidate need should fulfill several criteria, including need satisfaction having a unique positive effect on well-being, and need frustration having a unique effect on ill-being, properties demonstrated by autonomy, competence and relatedness. Previous research has demonstrated that beneficence satisfaction—the sense of having a positive impact on other people—can have a unique positive effect on well-being. In the present study, we examined whether beneficence frustration—the sense of having a negative impact on other people—would be uniquely connected to ill-being. In the first study (N = 332; Mage = 38) we developed a scale to assess beneficence frustration. Then, in two subsequent cross-sectional studies (N = 444 and N = 426; Mage = 38/36) beneficence frustration is correlated with indicators of ill-being (negative affect, depression, anxiety, physical symptoms), but this connection disappears when controlling for the effects of autonomy, competence and relatedness need frustrations. The three needs fully mediate relations between beneficence frustration and all assessed well-being and ill-being indicators in both studies. This leads us to suggest a distinction between basic psychological needs and basic wellness enhancers, the satisfaction of which may improve well-being, but the neglect or frustration of which might not uniquely impact ill-being.
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164
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Relationships between recovery experiences and well-being among younger and older teachers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2019; 93:213-227. [PMID: 31552505 PMCID: PMC7007884 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-019-01475-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The study had three aims. We investigated, first, how six recovery experiences (i.e., detachment, relaxation, control, mastery, meaning, and affiliation) during off-job time suggested by the DRAMMA model (Newman et al. in J Happiness Stud 15(3):555–578. 10.1007/s10902-013-9435-x, 2014) are related to well-being (i.e., vitality, life satisfaction, and work ability). Second, we examined how age related to these outcomes, and third, we investigated whether age moderated the relationships between recovery experiences and well-being outcomes. Methods A sample of 909 Finnish teachers responded to an electronic questionnaire (78% women, average age 51 years). The data were analyzed with moderated hierarchical regression analyses. Results Detachment from work, relaxation, control, and mastery were associated with higher vitality. Detachment, relaxation, meaning, and affiliation were related to higher life satisfaction. Older age was related to lower work ability, but not to vitality or life satisfaction. Older teachers benefited more from control and mastery during off-job time than did younger teachers in terms of vitality, whereas younger teachers benefited more from relaxation in terms of all well-being outcomes. Conclusions Detachment, relaxation, control, mastery, meaning, and affiliation during off-job time were related to higher well-being, supporting the DRAMMA model. Age moderated the relationships between control, mastery, and relaxation and vitality and life satisfaction. The role of aging in recovery from work needs further research.
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165
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O'Rourke J, Harms C, Cohen L. They're always there for me! Friendship and meaning in young people's lives? Scand J Psychol 2019; 60:596-608. [PMID: 31512259 PMCID: PMC7004191 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
What gives individuals’ lives meaning is one of the bigger questions confronted by community members? Making sense of our lives and determining what it is that provides us with direction, strength, or commitment is no simple task and even more so in western consumerist societies where so many experiences appear accessible. Finding ways to elicit thoughtful responses from research participants, has led to varied approaches to this increasingly rich research area. An encouraging method is to use digital photography to extract information on what it is that captures participants’ ‘mind's eye’ when reflecting on meaning in their lives. In this article, a pilot study using a combination of digital photography and descriptive narratives was established to explore the thoughts of 174 year seven students in a private West Australian school on what provided their lives with meaning both in school and outside of school. The photos and narratives were explored for themes and while many categories were identified, it was apparent that relationships were the strongest source of meaning in their lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O'Rourke
- Edith Cowan University - Mount Lawley Campus, Mount Lawley, Australia
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166
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Vötter B, Schnell T. Bringing Giftedness to Bear: Generativity, Meaningfulness, and Self-Control as Resources for a Happy Life Among Gifted Adults. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1972. [PMID: 31572251 PMCID: PMC6753398 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Meaning in life has been found to be of particular importance for the subjective well-being of intellectually gifted individuals. However, there is a lack of research about what contributes to gifted adults' meaning in life and how it could be enhanced. This study examined if the devotion of one's gift or talent to the well-being of others-i.e., the source of meaning "generativity"-would lead to a sense of meaning and, in further consequence, result in higher subjective well-being over time. Furthermore, we hypothesized that the effect of meaningfulness on subjective well-being was conditional on trait self-control. Longitudinal data of two gifted groups was obtained via an online study: 100 intellectually gifted individuals (55% female; mean age 43 ± 9 years) and 52 high academic achievers (29% female; mean age 57 ± 14 years). The former group experienced significantly lower levels of meaningfulness (p = 0.001, η2 = 0.076), self-control (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.090), and generativity (p = 0.025, η2 = 0.034) than the latter. As expected, the actualization of generative orientations in life enhanced both gifted groups' meaningfulness and, in further consequence, their subjective well-being over time. Furthermore, the positive association between life meaning and subjective well-being was enhanced by trait self-control among the intellectually gifted but not among the high academic achievers. However, as proposed, the latter's subjective well-being was strongly related to self-control. Results highlight that a generative orientation can help gifted individuals to advance a personal sense of meaning and happiness over time. In this context, intellectually gifted individuals appear to particularly benefit from self-control. Consequently, the intrinsic willpower to subdue inner responses, emotions as well as undesired behaviors might strengthen the positive effect between sources of meaning, life meaning, and subjective well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Vötter
- Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tatjana Schnell
- Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- MF Norwegian School of Theology, Religion and Society, Oslo, Norway
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167
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Landells EM, Albrecht SL. Perceived Organizational Politics, Engagement, and Stress: The Mediating Influence of Meaningful Work. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1612. [PMID: 31354596 PMCID: PMC6635907 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The research aimed to assess proposed associations between organizational politics and employee engagement, employee stress (or more correctly 'strain'), and work meaningfulness. Very few studies have examined these associations. Confirmatory factor analyses established the dimensionality and reliability of the full measurement model across two independent samples (N = 303, N = 373). Structural equation modeling supported the proposed direct associations between organizational politics, operationalized as a higher order construct, and employee stress and employee engagement. These relationships were shown to be partially mediated by meaningful work. As such, politics had significant indirect effects on engagement and stress through meaningful work. The results also showed a significant and direct association between stress and engagement. Overall, the results shed important new light on the factors that influence engagement, and identify work meaningfulness as an important psychological mechanism that can help explain the adverse impact of organizational politics on employee engagement and stress. The results also support the dimensionality and validity of a new set of measures of perceived organizational politics focused on generalized perceptions about the use and abuse of relationships, resources, reputation, decisions, and communication channels. More generally, the results serve as a platform for further research regarding the negative influence of organizational politics on a range of individual and organizational outcomes.
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168
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Rivera GN, Vess M, Hicks JA, Routledge C. Awe and meaning: Elucidating complex effects of awe experiences on meaning in life. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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169
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Wang Y, Lippke S, Miao M, Gan Y. Restoring meaning in life by meaning-focused coping: The role of self-distancing. Psych J 2019; 8:386-396. [PMID: 31264391 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Meaning-focused coping is an important coping strategy in the face of stressful life events. The "construal level theory" and recent research suggest that reflecting on a stressful situation from a self-distanced stance (temporal or spatial) allows individuals to find meaning in negative life events; however, its long-term effects have not yet been explored. The present research had two main goals: (1) to determine whether distanced meaning making enhances meaning in life and (2) to explore the underlying emotional mechanism of this effect. We hypothesized that positive affect (relative to negative affect) may play a more important role in the relationship between self-distanced meaning making and meaning in life. A total of 136 university students were recruited as participants in two studies. The participants were prospectively instructed to make meaning of a highly stressful event. They were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (a) self-immersed, (b) temporally distanced, or (c) spatially distanced. The findings indicate that both the temporally and spatially distanced perspectives in the meaning-making process can enhance meaning in life and that they do so by promoting positive affect. Implications for future research on meaning-focused coping and self-distancing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- School of Business Administration, Dongbei University of Finance and Economics, Dalian, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Sonia Lippke
- Department of Psychology & Methods, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Miao Miao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,School of Sociology, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqun Gan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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170
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Russo-Netzer P, Sinai M, Zeevi M. Meaning in life and work among counsellors: a qualitative exploration. BRITISH JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2019.1625026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pninit Russo-Netzer
- Department of Counselling and Human Development, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mirit Sinai
- Department of Education and Counselling, The Max Stern Yezreel-Valley College, Afula, Israel
| | - Meytal Zeevi
- Department of Counselling and Human Development, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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171
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Wȩziak-Białowolska D, McNeely E, VanderWeele TJ. Human Flourishing in Cross Cultural Settings. Evidence From the United States, China, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, and Mexico. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1269. [PMID: 31191421 PMCID: PMC6549439 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper investigates human flourishing in five culturally distinct populations. Empirical differences in human flourishing were examined using the recently proposed Flourish Index (FI) and Secure Flourish Index (SFI). Five domains for human flourishing are proposed for FI: (D1) happiness and life satisfaction; (D2) physical and mental health; (D3) meaning and purpose; (D4) character and virtue; and (D5) close social relationships. Specification of SFI was augmented by an additional financial and material stability domain (D6). Psychometric properties of FI and SFI were examined using data from the SHINE Well-Being Survey. Between June 2017 and March 2018, a total of 8,873 respondents participated in the study - in the US (4083 participants), Sri Lanka (1284 participants), Cambodia (587 participants), China (419 participants), and Mexico (2500 participants). US participants were customers of a financial institution, while non-US participants were clothing industry workers in the supply chain of a global brand. Exploratory and confirmatory factor models were used to validate the proposed indices. An exploratory approach informed analysis for item groupings. Confirmatory factor models were used to investigate the hierarchical structure of the indices. Configural, metric, and partial scalar measurement invariance were established, which not only supported the universal character of the indices but also validated use of the indices for culturally distinct populations. Findings from our study enrich our knowledge about human flourishing in five culturally distinct populations. With the exception of happiness and life satisfaction, respondents in the US, despite enjoying the highest financial and material stability, scored the lowest in all other domains of human flourishing. Respondents in China excelled in close social relationship and health domains. In addition to life satisfaction and happiness, character and virtue were relatively high in Cambodia. Respondents in Mexico, despite having the lowest scores in financial and material stability, had the greatest meaning and purpose to their lives. Respondents in Sri Lanka were the least happy and satisfied with life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Wȩziak-Białowolska
- Sustainability and Health Initiative (SHINE), Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Eileen McNeely
- Sustainability and Health Initiative (SHINE), Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tyler J. VanderWeele
- Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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172
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Coping and Culture: The Protective Effects of Shift-&-Persist and Ethnic-Racial Identity on Depressive Symptoms in Latinx Youth. J Youth Adolesc 2019; 48:1592-1604. [PMID: 31134561 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-019-01037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Shift-&-persist is a coping strategy that has been shown to lead to positive health outcomes in low-SES youth but has not yet been examined with respect to psychological health. This study tests whether the shift-&-persist coping strategy works in tandem with ethnic-racial identity to protect against depressive symptoms in the face of two uncontrollable stressors: economic hardship and peer discrimination. In a sample of 175 Latinx youth (51.4% female; Mage = 12.9), shift-&-persist buffered the positive relation between economic hardship and depressive symptoms. In terms of peer discrimination, among youth who reported little use of shift and persist, discrimination was related to higher depressive symptoms, whereas youth who reported higher amounts of shift and persist (at and above the mean) were protected and did not evidence this association. However, among youth with high ethnic-racial identity, shift-&-persist failed to protect against the deleterious association between peer discrimination and depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that shift-&-persist is protective for Latinx youth, although the context in which it is protective changes based on the racialized/non-racialized nature of the stressor.
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173
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Zhao H, Zhang H, Xu Y, He W, Lu J. Why Are People High in Dispositional Awe Happier? The Roles of Meaning in Life and Materialism. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1208. [PMID: 31191402 PMCID: PMC6540826 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Awe is an intense emotional response to perceptually vast stimuli that dramatically transcend one’s ordinary reference frame and provoke a need to adjust the current mental structures. Dispositional awe reflects individual differences in the tendency to experience awe. The current study aims to examine the effect of dispositional awe on subjective well-being, with a focus on confirming the mediating role of meaning in life and materialism. A sample of 563 Chinese adults completed measures of dispositional awe, meaning in life, materialism, and subjective well-being. Correlation analysis revealed that dispositional awe, meaning in life, and materialism were all significantly correlated with subjective well-being. Structural equation modeling showed significant paths from dispositional awe to subjective well-being through both meaning in life and materialism. Bootstrap analysis also indicated that meaning in life and materialism mediated the relationship between dispositional awe and subjective well-being. These findings not only corroborate the critical role of dispositional awe in promoting subjective well-being, but also shed some light on why people high in dispositional awe are happier than those low in dispositional awe. Limitations and directions for future research were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Zhao
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heyun Zhang
- School of Social Administration, Shanghai University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen He
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiamei Lu
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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174
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Russo-Netzer P, Horenczyk G, Bergman YS. Affect, meaning in life, and life satisfaction among immigrants and non-immigrants: A moderated mediation model. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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175
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Lindsay EK, Chin B, Greco CM, Young S, Brown KW, Wright AGC, Smyth JM, Burkett D, Creswell JD. How mindfulness training promotes positive emotions: Dismantling acceptance skills training in two randomized controlled trials. J Pers Soc Psychol 2019; 115:944-973. [PMID: 30550321 DOI: 10.1037/pspa0000134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mindfulness meditation interventions-which train skills in monitoring present-moment experiences with a lens of acceptance-have shown promise for increasing positive emotions. Using a theory-based approach, we hypothesized that learning acceptance skills in mindfulness interventions helps people notice more positive experiences in daily life, and tested whether removing acceptance training from mindfulness interventions would eliminate intervention-related boosts in positive affect. In 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of stressed community adults, mindfulness skills were dismantled into 2 structurally equivalent interventions: (a) training in both monitoring and acceptance (Monitor + Accept) and (b) training in monitoring only (Monitor Only) without acceptance training. Study 1 tested 8-week group-based Monitor + Accept and Monitor Only interventions compared with a no treatment control group. Study 2 tested 2-week smartphone-based Monitor + Accept and Monitor Only interventions compared with an active control training. In both studies, end-of-day and momentary positive affect and negative affect were measured in daily life for 3 days pre- and post-intervention using ambulatory assessments. As predicted, across 2 RCTs, Monitor + Accept training increased positive affect compared with both Monitor Only and control groups. In Study 1, this effect was observed in end-of-day positive affect. In Study 2, this effect was found in both end-of-day and momentary positive affect outcomes. In contrast, all active interventions in Studies 1 and 2 decreased negative affect. These studies provide the first experimental evidence that developing an orientation of acceptance toward present-moment experiences is a central mechanism of mindfulness interventions for boosting positive emotions in daily life. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian Chin
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University
| | | | | | - Kirk W Brown
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | | | - Joshua M Smyth
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University
| | - Deanna Burkett
- Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
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176
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Womick J, Ward SJ, Heintzelman SJ, Woody B, King LA. The existential function of right‐wing authoritarianism. J Pers 2019; 87:1056-1073. [DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jake Womick
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Missouri Columbia Missouri
| | - Sarah J. Ward
- Division of ManagementColumbia University New York New York
| | | | - Brendon Woody
- Department of PsychologyCentral Michigan University Columbia Missouri
| | - Laura A. King
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Missouri Columbia Missouri
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177
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Lee HS, Lee ES, Shin YJ. The Role of Calling in a Social Cognitive Model of Well-Being. JOURNAL OF CAREER ASSESSMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1069072719825777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the role of calling in a social cognitive model of well-being using a sample of 328 South Korean teachers. The model incorporating calling into the social cognitive model of well-being demonstrated an excellent fit, and our variables accounted for significant variance in job satisfaction (47%) and life satisfaction (38%). Among the 12 direct paths of the proposed model, 10 hypothesized paths were significant. The direct paths from positive affect to calling, self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and life satisfaction; from calling to self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and life satisfaction; from self-efficacy to outcome expectations; from outcome expectations to job satisfaction; and from job satisfaction to life satisfaction were significant. Additionally, the mediating paths between positive affect and life satisfaction via calling, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and job satisfaction were significant. The practical implications for enhancing teachers’ job and life satisfaction and future directions of research were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Shim Lee
- Graduate School of Education, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sul Lee
- Department of Education, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jeong Shin
- Graduate School of Education, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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178
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Barnett MD, Moore JM, Garza CJ. Meaning in life and self‐esteem help hospice nurses withstand prolonged exposure to death. J Nurs Manag 2019; 27:775-780. [DOI: 10.1111/jonm.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Barnett
- Department of Psychology and CounselingThe University of Texas at Tyler Tyler Texas
| | - Jenna M. Moore
- Department of Psychology and CounselingThe University of Texas at Tyler Tyler Texas
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179
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Negri L, Bassi M, Delle Fave A. Italian Validation of the Meaning in Life Questionnaire: Factor Structure, Reliability, Convergent, and Discriminant Validity. Psychol Rep 2019; 123:578-600. [PMID: 30602327 DOI: 10.1177/0033294118821302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several studies highlighted the role of meaning in life as a major component of well-being and researchers have developed different measures to assess the features of this construct. In the present study, the psychometric properties of the Meaning in Life Questionnaire were investigated in the Italian context. The Meaning in Life Questionnaire is a 10-item scale measuring perceived presence of and search for meaning in life, conceptualized as two separate factors. The former refers to perceived meaning and purpose in life, the latter to the active commitment to find meaning in life. Participants were 464 adults aged 20 to 60 years ( M = 39.34; SD = 10.86; 54.7% women). Factor structure was inspected through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses using a split-sample approach. Internal consistency was assessed through Cronbach’s alphas, interitem and item-scale correlations. Convergent and discriminant validity with measures of well-being, personality, mental health, and physical health were also evaluated. Factor analyses supported the adequacy of the Meaning in Life Questionnaire two-factor structure in the Italian context; internal consistency measures corroborated the measure’s reliability; and correlation matrix coefficients sustained convergent and discriminant validity. Results showed that the Meaning in Life Questionnaire is a valid and reliable measure to assess meaning in life and its relationship with well-being within the Italian context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Negri
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, Italy
| | - Marta Bassi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, University of Milano, Italy
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180
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Marco JH, Alonso S. Meaning in life buffers the association between clinical anxiety and global maladjustment in participants with common mental disorders on sick leave. Psychiatry Res 2019; 271:548-553. [PMID: 30554101 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An important goal of mental health specialists is to improve the quality of life and the adaptation of people with common mental disorders on sick leave. Meaning in life is a protective factor for people adjusting to distress and negative events. This study explores the buffering role of meaning in life in the relationship between clinical anxiety or negative affect and maladjustment in participants with common mental disorders on sick leave. The sample was 167 participants with Adjustment, Anxiety and, Depressive Disorders; n = 115 were women and n = 52 men. Participants' mean age M = 42.16 (SD = 9.91) years. We performed zero-order correlations and hierarchical regression analyses. Meaning in life moderated and buffered the association between clinical anxiety or negative affect and global maladjustment to daily life. These findings suggest that Meaning in life is a relevant variable in the adjustment of common mental disorders on sick leave.
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Affiliation(s)
- José H Marco
- Universidad de Valencia, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, España.
| | - Sandra Alonso
- Escuela de doctorado. Universidad Católica de Valencia, San Vicente Mártir, España; Catedra UMIVALE Innovación e investigación en patologías del trabajo, Valencia, España
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181
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Optimism mediates the relationships between meaning in life and subjective and psychological well-being among late adolescents. CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2018.79960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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182
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The relationship between meaning in life and resilience in older adults: a cross-sectional study. HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY REPORT 2019. [DOI: 10.5114/hpr.2019.85659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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183
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van de Goor J, Sools AM, Westerhof GJ. Unraveling the Wonder of the Ordinary: A Narrative Analysis of Meaning Construction in Memories of Familiar Routines. JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIVIST PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10720537.2018.1499158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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184
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Stavrova O, Pronk T, Kokkoris MD. Finding meaning in self-control: The effect of self-control on the perception of meaning in life. SELF AND IDENTITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2018.1558107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Stavrova
- Department of Social Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Tila Pronk
- Department of Social Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Michail D. Kokkoris
- Institute for Marketing and Consumer Research, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, Austria
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185
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Collins KRL, Legendre MN, Stritzke WGK, Page AC. Experimentally-enhanced perceptions of meaning confer resilience to the interpersonal adversity implicated in suicide risk. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2018; 61:142-149. [PMID: 30081255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The interpersonal theory of suicide proposes that perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness (PB-TB) are proximal causes of suicidal desire. Here we test whether experimentally induced perceptions of meaningfulness can confer resilience against interpersonal adversity and enhance persistence, the erosion of which is a potential antecedent to suicide risk. METHODS Undergraduate university students (N = 93) were randomly allocated to complete a team task under conditions of high or low task-extrinsic meaning and high or low PB-TB. Participants in the high task-extrinsic meaning condition were given the opportunity to donate to a charity as part of their experimental participation, whereas those in the low task-extrinsic meaning condition were not. RESULTS Consistent with the buffering hypothesis that suicide resilience is active only when adversity is heightened, participants in the high task-extrinsic meaning condition who reported higher levels of perceived meaningfulness displayed greater willingness to persist in the face of experimentally-induced high PB and TB compared to those in the low task-extrinsic meaning condition and those in conditions where the interpersonal adversity was not induced (low PB and TB). LIMITATIONS The meaning induction was effective only in a subset of participants. The dual induction of PB and TB also precludes inferences about their independent causal effects on willingness to persist. CONCLUSIONS Meaning-making interventions may attenuate the impact of proximal interpersonal antecedents of suicidal desire. Enhancing resilience in this manner can potentially improve the efficacy of prevention efforts beyond the direct amelioration of suicide risk factors.
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186
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Semma B, Henri M, Luo W, Thompson CG. Reliability Generalization of the Meaning in Life Questionnaire Subscales. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0734282918800739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Meaning in life is a psychological construct linked to several subjective well-being indicators. One commonly used meaning in life measure is the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), a 10-item self-report measure that assesses perceived presence of and search for meaning in life. Despite its extensive use, the variability of the questionnaire’s reliability across samples has not been examined. This study synthesized reliability evidence for the Meaning in Life Questionnaire from 232 articles. Average reliabilities for both subscales were greater than .85. Results indicated that, though, overall, the MLQ is highly reliable across samples, the questionnaire’s reliability varies as a function of several sample characteristics. Furthermore, we found some evidence of reporting bias. Implications for the conceptualization of meaning in life across diverse samples and potential underreporting of low reliability estimates are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Henri
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Wen Luo
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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187
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The effects of psychological meaning-centered therapies on quality of life and psychological stress: A metaanalysis. Palliat Support Care 2018; 16:608-632. [PMID: 30246682 DOI: 10.1017/s1478951517000931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTObjective:Many psychotherapists speak with clients about meaning in life. Meaning is an neutral evidence-based term for a subjective sense of purpose, values, understanding, self-worth, action-directed goals, and self-regulation. Since little is known about its effectiveness, our study aimed to determine the effects of meaning-centered therapies (MCTs) on improving quality of life and reducing psychological stress. METHOD Independent researchers selected and scored articles in multiple languages in multiple search engines. Weighted pooled mean effects were calculated following a random-effects model. Sensitivity analyses included moderators, study and sample characteristics, risk of bias, randomization, types of MCT, control condition, and outcome instruments. RESULTS Some 52,220 citations included 60 trials (total sample N = 3,713), of which 26 were randomized controlled trials (N = 1,975), 15 nonrandomized controlled trials (N = 709), and 19 nonrandomized noncontrolled trials with pre/post measurements (N = 1,029). Overall analyses showed large improvements from baseline to immediate posttreatment and follow-up on quality of life (Hedges' g = 1.13, SE = 0.12; g = 0.99, SE = 0.20) and psychological stress (g = 1.21, SE = 0.10; g = 0.67, SE = 0.20). As effects varied between studies, further analyses focused only on controlled trials: MCT had large effect sizes compared to control groups, both immediate and at follow-up, on quality of life (g = 1.02, SE = 0.06; g = 1.06, SE = 0.12) and psychological stress (g = 0.94, SE = 0.07, p < 0.01; g = 0.84, SE = 0.10). Immediate effects were larger for general quality of life (g = 1.37, SE = 0.12) than for meaning in life (g = 1.18, SE = 0.08), hope and optimism (g = 0.80, SE = 0.13), self-efficacy (g = 0.89, SE = 0.14), and social well-being (g = 0.81, SE = 13). The homogeneity of these results was validated by the lack of significance of moderators and alternative ways of selecting studies. Metaregression analyses showed that increases in meaning in life predicted decreases in psychological stress (β = -0.56, p < 0.001). SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS MCT strongly improves quality of life and reduces psychological stress. MCT should be made more widely available, particularly to individuals in transitional moments in life or with a chronic or life-threatening physical illness as they explicitly report meaning-centered concerns.
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188
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Kaufman JC. Finding Meaning With Creativity in the Past, Present, and Future. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2018; 13:734-749. [PMID: 30227083 DOI: 10.1177/1745691618771981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Being creative is considered a desirable trait, yet most empirical studies emphasize how to increase creativity rather than explore its possible benefits. A natural connection is how creativity can enhance life's meaning. Many of the core concepts in work on the meaning of life, such as the needs for coherence, significance, and purpose or the desire for symbolic immortality, can be reached through creative activity. The synthesis of these two constructs-creativity and the meaning of life-is discussed with a temporal model encompassing past, present, and future pathways to creativity. The past pathway can help one understand and reflect on life. The present pathway can remind one of life's joy and the many possible connections with humanity. Finally, the future pathway strives to ensure some type of legacy that may resonate with younger generations.
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189
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Abstract
Previous research links the experience of meaning in life (MIL) with environmental structure and the coherence of external stimuli. The current studies directly test the association between one source of structure in everyday life-routines-and MIL. First, Study 1 ( N = 317) found a positive relationship between trait preference for routine and MIL. Study 2 expanded upon this cross-sectional finding with experience sampling data ( N = 85; 2,590 episodes) showing that the degree to which current, naturally occurring, behavior followed a typical routine positively related to participants' momentary feelings of MIL. These findings have implications for conceptualizations of MIL, suggesting a previously unnoted, mundane, and ubiquitous source of MIL. The potential roles of boredom and novelty and individual and situational differences for these effects are discussed.
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190
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Mak W, Sörensen S. Are Humor Styles of People With Dementia Linked to Greater Purpose in Life? THE GERONTOLOGIST 2018; 58:835-842. [PMID: 29385452 PMCID: PMC6137350 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnx207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Little is known about humor and purpose in life in people with dementia. Although having a sense of humor is typically associated with positive psychological outcomes, recent evidence suggests that outcomes may vary depending on whether the humor being used is adaptive versus maladaptive. The goal of this study was to determine whether humor styles are predictive of purpose in life in people with dementia. Methods Questionnaires were verbally administered to people with mild-to-moderate dementia to measure humor styles and purpose in life. Results Adaptive humor styles were associated with purpose in life whereas maladaptive humor styles were not. Discussion Having a sense of humor in dementia may be associated with a stronger sense of purpose in life, but it depends on the type of humor used. Results are discussed in the context of understanding the role of humor in the daily lives of people with dementia and implications for care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wingyun Mak
- Department of Psychology, Lehman College, Bronx, New York
| | - Silvia Sörensen
- Warner School of Education, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
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191
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Ryan SJ, Hoyt MA. Adult self-image and well-being after testicular cancer: The role of agency and meaning. Psychol Health 2018; 33:1049-1061. [PMID: 29583033 PMCID: PMC6134832 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2018.1456659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cancer during young adulthood can limit the extent to which one adopts an adult self-image. However, the relationship of adult self-image to cancer-related adjustment remains unexplored. The current study examines relationships of adult self-image and social/emotional well-being and job-related problems in young testicular cancer survivors. Factors thought to facilitate future-oriented goals (i.e. agency and meaning) are examined as intermediary processes. DESIGN Testicular cancer survivors (N = 171) between the ages of 18 and 29 completed questionnaire measures of adult self-image, agency, sense of meaning and indicators of adjustment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Social and emotional well-being were measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General. Job problems were assessed using the EORTC's testicular cancer supplement (EORTC QLQ-TC26). RESULTS Path model results revealed direct associations of survivors' adult self-image with social (β = .20, p < .05), but not emotional well-being (β = .14, p < .01). Both agency and meaning mediated the relationship of adult self-image and well-being indicators. Finally, the relationship between adult self-image and job problems was only significant for those who were employed or in school (β = -.19, p < .05). OUTCOMES Assessment of adult self-image might be useful in identifying risk for poor adjustment. Interventions that target agency and meaning might facilitate developmental goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean J. Ryan
- Department of Psychology, Graduate Center of City University of New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York. New York, USA
| | - Michael A. Hoyt
- Department of Psychology, Graduate Center of City University of New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York. New York, USA
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192
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Contractor AA, Brown LA, Caldas SV, Banducci AN, Taylor DJ, Armour C, Shea MT. Posttraumatic stress disorder and positive memories: Clinical considerations. J Anxiety Disord 2018; 58:23-32. [PMID: 30025253 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Encoding and retrieval difficulties, and avoidance of both traumatic and positive memories, are associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. However, most PTSD research and clinical work has solely examined the role of traumatic memories in the maintenance/resolution of PTSD symptoms. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of the literature on positive memories and PTSD. First, we review theories and evidence on the relations between trauma, PTSD, and memory processes (particularly positive memories). Next, we propose a conceptual model that integrates evidence from experimental and positive/memory-based intervention research and highlights hypothesized mechanisms underlying the potential effectiveness of targeting positive memories in PTSD interventions. Specifically, we discuss how targeting positive memories could (1) increase positive affect and reduce negative affect, (2) correct negative cognitions, (3) increase specificity of retrieving autobiographical memories, and (4) be effectively integrated/sequenced with and enhance the effects of trauma-focused interventions. Lastly, we suggest clinical research avenues for investigating the relations between positive memories and PTSD, to possibly alter the current PTSD intervention paradigm focused only on traumatic memories. Overall, our proposed model drawing from experimental and intervention research, and outlining potential effects of targeting positive memories to reduce PTSD severity, needs further empirical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lily A Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel J Taylor
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Cherie Armour
- Institute of Mental Health Sciences, School of Psychology, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - M Tracie Shea
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
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193
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Zhang H, Chen K, Schlegel R. How Do People Judge Meaning in Goal-Directed Behaviors: The Interplay Between Self-Concordance and Performance. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2018; 44:1582-1600. [PMID: 29742996 DOI: 10.1177/0146167218771330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Perceived performance and self-concordance are two sources of information people may utilize to judge meaning in goal-directed behaviors. We contend that either variable can adequately support the presence of meaning, even in the absence of the other. This perspective suggests that non-self-concordant goal pursuits can feel meaningful as long as one feels successful at the goals, and that failed goal pursuits can feel meaningful as long as they are self-concordant. Five studies investigated this potential interaction between performance and self-concordance. As hypothesized, we found a negative interactive pattern such that meaning was maintained when either performance or self-concordance was high. This interactive effect held true for the experience of meaning in personal goals (Studies 1 and 2), courses (Study 3), and work (Studies 4 and 5). This interactive pattern did not emerge when the outcome variable was either positive affect or job satisfaction, suggesting this compensation process was somewhat unique to meaning.
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194
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Bauer JJ, King LA, Steger MF. Meaning making, self-determination theory, and the question of wisdom in personality. J Pers 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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195
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Zhuang M, She Z, Cai Z, Huang Z, Xiang Q, Wang P, Zhu F. Examining a Sequential Mediation Model of Chinese University Students' Well-Being: A Career Construction Perspective. Front Psychol 2018; 9:593. [PMID: 29743876 PMCID: PMC5930633 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite career construction theory attends to individual subjective career and provides a useful lens to study well-being, extant research has yielded limited insights into the mechanisms through which career construction variables influence individual well-being. To address this important gap, the present study examined a mediation model that links indicators of career adaptivity (big-five personality and approach/avoidance traits) to psychological well-being (psychological flourishing and life satisfaction) through career adaptability and in sequent meaning of life (presence of life meaning and search for life meaning) among a sample of Chinese university students (N = 165). The results of a two-wave survey study showed that career adaptability and presence of life meaning mediated the effects of openness to experience, consciousness, approach trait, and avoidance trait on individual well-being in sequence. The results also showed that approach trait’s effect on presence of meaning was partially mediated by career adaptability; career adaptability’s effect on psychological flourishing was partially mediated by presence of meaning. These findings advance understanding of antecedents to individual well-being from a career construction perspective, and carry implications for career education and counseling practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingke Zhuang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuolin She
- School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zijun Cai
- Business School, Faculty of Arts, Business, Law and Education, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Zheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Government, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Zhu
- Business School, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China
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196
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Aknin LB, Wiwad D, Hanniball KB. Buying well-being: Spending behavior and happiness. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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197
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Damreihani N, Behzadipour S, Haghpanh S, Bordbar M. The effectiveness of positive psychology intervention on the well-being, meaning, and life satisfaction of mothers of children with cancer: A brief report. J Psychosoc Oncol 2018; 36:382-388. [PMID: 29558290 DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2018.1427173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to promote emotional well-being, hope, life satisfaction, and meaning to mothers of children with cancer utilizing a positive psychology intervention. The study population included 50 mothers who had children with cancer attending an outpatient oncology clinic. The participants (experimental and control groups) completed Ryff's Psychological Well-being Scale (PWBS), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Snyder's Hope Scale (HS), and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) before and after the intervention and also one month after the end of intervention. Variables of the study significantly increased in the experimental group compared to the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Damreihani
- a Department of Psychology, Shiraz Branch , Islamic Azad University , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Sareh Behzadipour
- a Department of Psychology, Shiraz Branch , Islamic Azad University , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Sezaneh Haghpanh
- b Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Bordbar
- b Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
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198
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Wang SY, Wong YJ, Yeh KH, Wang L. What makes a meaningful life? Examining the effects of interpersonal harmony, dialectical coping, and nonattachment. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ajsp.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yi Wang
- Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology; Indiana University Bloomington; Bloomington Indiana USA
| | - Y. Joel Wong
- Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology; Indiana University Bloomington; Bloomington Indiana USA
| | | | - Lei Wang
- Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology; Indiana University Bloomington; Bloomington Indiana USA
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199
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Koren E, Siegel A, Shlezinger A, Sher-Dotan M, Dekel R. The contribution of mastery to mental health and purpose in life among female veterans with disabilities in Israel. Health Care Women Int 2018; 39:289-302. [DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2017.1397673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ela Koren
- Interdisciplinary Department of Social Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Alana Siegel
- Louis & Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Avital Shlezinger
- Louis & Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Maayan Sher-Dotan
- Louis & Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Rachel Dekel
- Louis & Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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200
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Van Tongeren DR, DeWall CN, Green JD, Cairo AH, Davis DE, Hook JN. Self-Regulation Facilitates Meaning in Life. REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1037/gpr0000121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Meaning is a central feature of human life. Our overarching proposition is that self-regulation helps facilitate meaning in life. We propose that purposeful, effortful, and directive actions that regulate selfish impulses are necessary to continually develop a sense of meaning in life. We explain how self-regulatory processes map onto this process: the drive for meaning is governed by internalized standards of meaning, people monitor their experiences to ensure a fit between their experiences and standards of meaning, and strength is required for deliberative behaviors aimed at reaffirming and regaining meaning. Moreover, we outline various self-regulatory pathways to gain meaning via coherence, significance, and purpose. Finally, we suggest various ways to test and expand our model and hypotheses.
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