151
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Shabani F, Mahdavi M, Imani M, Hosseinpour-Feizi MA, Gheibi N. Calprotectin (S100A8/S100A9)-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in human gastric cancer AGS cells: Alteration in expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, and ERK2. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:1031-1045. [PMID: 32167384 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120909530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Calprotectin is a heterodimeric EF-hand Ca2+ binding protein that is typically released by infiltrating polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages. This protein is a key player linking inflammation and cancer. Due to the increased levels of calprotectin in different inflammatory diseases and cancer, it is considered as a marker for diagnostic purposes. In this study, we evaluated the mechanism of cell viability and apoptotic-inducing effects of recombinant human calprotectin (rhS100A8/S100A9) on the gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS), the most common type of gastric cancer cell line. AGS cells were exposed to the different concentrations (5-100 μg/ml) of calprotectin for 24, 48, and 72 h, and cell viability was assessed through 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Apoptotic-inducing effects of calprotectin were evaluated by sub-G1 cell cycle assay and Annexin V/propidium iodide double staining. Furthermore, real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were performed to evaluate the mechanism of action of calprotectin. Our findings indicated that calprotectin inhibits growth and viability of AGS cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration values were measured as 85.77, 79.14, and 65.39 μg/ml for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Additionally, we found that calprotectin downregulated the expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and upregulated proapoptotic protein Bax in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion. Calprotectin also slightly upregulated the expression of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 2 (ERK2), while it significantly decreased the levels of phospho-ERK in a time-dependent manner. Overall, these findings indicated that calprotectin has cytotoxicity and apoptosis-inducing effects on AGS cell lines in high concentration by modulating Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio accompanied by inhibition of ERK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Shabani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - M Mahdavi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - M Imani
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - M A Hosseinpour-Feizi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - N Gheibi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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152
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Resistance of melanoma cells to anticancer treatment: a role of vascular endothelial growth factor. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2020; 37:11-18. [PMID: 32467677 PMCID: PMC7247075 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2020.93378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive and resistant to treatment neoplasms. There are still many challenges despite many promising advances in anticancer treatment. Currently, the main problem for all types of treatment is associated with heterogeneity. Due to heterogeneity of cancer cells, "precise" targeting of a medicine against a single phenotype limits the efficacy of treatment and affects resistance to applied therapy. Therefore it is important to understand aetiology and reasons for heterogeneity in order to develop effective and long-lasting treatment. This review summarises roles of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that may stimulate growth of a melanoma tumour irrespective of its proangiogenic effects, contributing to cancer heterogeneity. VEGF triggers processes associated with extracellular matrix remodelling, cell migration, invasion, angiogenesis, inhibition of immune responses and favours phenotypic plasticity and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Consequently, it participates in mechanisms of interactions between melanoma cancer cells and microenvironment and it can modify sensitivity to therapeutic factors.
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153
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Ngoi NYL, Choong C, Lee J, Bellot G, Wong ALA, Goh BC, Pervaiz S. Targeting Mitochondrial Apoptosis to Overcome Treatment Resistance in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E574. [PMID: 32131385 PMCID: PMC7139457 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulated cellular apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer and chemotherapy resistance. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) protein family members are sentinel molecules that regulate the mitochondrial apoptosis machinery and arbitrate cell fate through a delicate balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic factors. The recognition of the anti-apoptotic BCL2 gene as an oncogenic driver in hematological malignancies has directed attention toward unraveling the biological significance of each of the BCL-2 superfamily members in cancer progression and garnered interest in the targeting of apoptosis in cancer therapy. Accordingly, the approval of venetoclax (ABT-199), a small molecule BCL-2 inhibitor, in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia has become the proverbial torchbearer for novel candidate drug approaches selectively targeting the BCL-2 superfamily. Despite the inspiring advances in this field, much remains to be learned regarding the optimal therapeutic context for BCL-2 targeting. Functional assays, such as through BH3 profiling, may facilitate prediction of treatment response, development of drug resistance and shed light on rational combinations of BCL-2 inhibitors with other branches of cancer therapy. This review summarizes the pathological roles of the BCL-2 family members in cancer, discusses the current landscape of their targeting in clinical practice, and highlights the potential for future therapeutic inroads in this important area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Yan Li Ngoi
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (N.Y.L.N.); (C.C.); (J.L.); (A.L.W.); (B.C.G.)
| | - Clarice Choong
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (N.Y.L.N.); (C.C.); (J.L.); (A.L.W.); (B.C.G.)
| | - Joanne Lee
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (N.Y.L.N.); (C.C.); (J.L.); (A.L.W.); (B.C.G.)
| | - Gregory Bellot
- Department of Hand & Reconstructive Microsurgery, University Orthopedic, Hand & Reconstructive Microsurgery Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
| | - Andrea LA Wong
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (N.Y.L.N.); (C.C.); (J.L.); (A.L.W.); (B.C.G.)
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (N.Y.L.N.); (C.C.); (J.L.); (A.L.W.); (B.C.G.)
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
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154
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Wei H, Harper MT. Comparison of putative BH3 mimetics AT-101, HA14-1, sabutoclax and TW-37 with ABT-737 in platelets. Platelets 2020; 32:105-112. [PMID: 32079453 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1724276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Platelet lifespan is regulated by intrinsic apoptosis. Platelet apoptosis can be triggered by BH3 mimetics that inhibit the pro-survival Bcl-2 family protein, Bcl-xL. Here, we investigated several small molecules that are reported to act as BH3 mimetics and compared their effects to the well-established BH3 mimetic, ABT-737. Platelet phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure was determined by flow cytometry. Changes in cytosolic Ca2+ signaling were detected using Cal-520. Plasma membrane integrity was determined by calcein leakage. The roles of caspases and calpain in these processes were determined using Q-VD-OPh and calpeptin, respectively. As previously reported, ABT-737 triggered PS exposure in a caspase-dependent manner and calcein loss in a caspase and calpain-dependent manner. In contrast, AT-101 and sabutoclax triggered PS exposure independently of caspases. HA14-1 also triggered PS exposure in a caspase-independent but calpain-dependent manner. There were also significant differences in the pattern and protease-dependency of cytosolic Ca2+ signaling in response to these drugs compared to ABT-737. Since there are clear differences between the action of ABT-737 and the other putative BH3 mimetics investigated here, AT-101, HA14-1 and sabutoclax cannot be considered as acting as BH3 mimetics in platelets. Furthermore, the platelet death caused by these drugs is likely to be distinct from apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew T Harper
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK
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155
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Kump KJ, Miao L, Mady ASA, Ansari NH, Shrestha UK, Yang Y, Pal M, Liao C, Perdih A, Abulwerdi FA, Chinnaswamy K, Meagher JL, Carlson JM, Khanna M, Stuckey JA, Nikolovska-Coleska Z. Discovery and Characterization of 2,5-Substituted Benzoic Acid Dual Inhibitors of the Anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 and Bfl-1 Proteins. J Med Chem 2020; 63:2489-2510. [PMID: 31971799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins are overexpressed in a wide spectrum of cancers and have become well validated therapeutic targets. Cancer cells display survival dependence on individual or subsets of anti-apoptotic proteins that could be effectively targeted by multimodal inhibitors. We designed a 2,5-substituted benzoic acid scaffold that displayed equipotent binding to Mcl-1 and Bfl-1. Structure-based design was guided by several solved cocrystal structures with Mcl-1, leading to the development of compound 24, which binds both Mcl-1 and Bfl-1 with Ki values of 100 nM and shows appreciable selectivity over Bcl-2/Bcl-xL. The selective binding profile of 24 was translated to on-target cellular activity in model lymphoma cell lines. These studies lay a foundation for developing more advanced dual Mcl-1/Bfl-1 inhibitors that have potential to provide greater single agent efficacy and broader coverage to combat resistance in several types of cancer than selective Mcl-1 inhibitors alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrej Perdih
- National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | | | | | | | - Jacob M Carlson
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - May Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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156
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Kim YJ, Tsang T, Anderson GR, Posimo JM, Brady DC. Inhibition of BCL2 Family Members Increases the Efficacy of Copper Chelation in BRAF V600E-Driven Melanoma. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1387-1400. [PMID: 32005716 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The principal unmet need in BRAFV600E-positive melanoma is lack of an adequate therapeutic strategy capable of overcoming resistance to clinically approved targeted therapies against oncogenic BRAF and/or the downstream MEK1/2 kinases. We previously discovered that copper (Cu) is required for MEK1 and MEK2 activity through a direct Cu-MEK1/2 interaction. Repurposing the clinical Cu chelator tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) is supported by efficacy in BRAFV600E-driven melanoma models, due in part to inhibition of MEK1/2 kinase activity. However, the antineoplastic activity of Cu chelators is cytostatic. Here, we performed high-throughput small-molecule screens to identify bioactive compounds that synergize with TTM in BRAFV600E-driven melanoma cells. Genetic perturbation or pharmacologic inhibition of specific members of the BCL2 family of antiapoptotic proteins (BCL-W, BCL-XL, and MCL1) selectively reduced cell viability when combined with a Cu chelator and induced CASPASE-dependent cell death. Further, in BRAFV600E-positive melanoma cells evolved to be resistant to BRAF and/or MEK1/2 inhibitors, combined treatment with TTM and the clinically evaluated BCL2 inhibitor, ABT-263, restored tumor growth suppression and induced apoptosis. These findings further support Cu chelation as a therapeutic strategy to target oncogene-dependent tumor cell growth and survival by enhancing Cu chelator efficacy with chemical inducers of apoptosis, especially in the context of refractory or relapsed BRAFV600E-driven melanoma. SIGNIFICANCE: This study unveils a novel collateral drug sensitivity elicited by combining copper chelators and BH3 mimetics for treatment of BRAFV600E mutation-positive melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Jin Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tiffany Tsang
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Grace R Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jessica M Posimo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Donita C Brady
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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157
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Impact of BH3-mimetics on Human and Mouse Blood Leukocytes: A Comparative Study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:222. [PMID: 31937836 PMCID: PMC6959258 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57000-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BH3-mimetics are small molecule inhibitors that neutralize the function of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members. BH3-mimetics have recently gained a lot of popularity in oncology because of their success in cancer treatment. However, BH3-mimetics might have a broader clinical application. Here, we established an ex vivo flow cytometric assay allowing the comparison of the impact of BH3-mimetics (ABT-199, ABT-263, WEHI-539, and S63845) on leukocyte populations of both, healthy human subjects and C57BL/6 J wild type mice. BH3-mimetics were added to freshly drawn blood that was diluted 1/2 in cell medium, and BH3-mimetics-mediated impact on leukocyte count was assessed by flow cytometry. Our results demonstrate that responses towards 1μM of BH3-mimetics can be identical as well as considerably different in leukocytes of humans and mice. For instance, the inhibition of BCL-2 by ABT-199 caused cell death in all types of lymphocytes in mice but was exclusively specific for B cells in humans. Moreover, inhibition of BCL-XL by WEHI-539 affected solely mouse leukocytes while targeting MCL-1 by S63845 resulted in efficient induction of cell death in human neutrophils but not in their mouse counterparts. Our ex vivo assay enables initial identification of analogies and differences between human and mouse leukocytes in response towards BH3-mimetics.
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158
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Siamakpour-Reihani S, Cobb LP, Jiang C, Zhang D, Previs RA, Owzar K, Nixon AB, Alvarez Secord A. Differential expression of immune related genes in high-grade ovarian serous carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2020; 156:662-668. [PMID: 31918995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify novel immunologic targets and biomarkers associated with overall survival (OS) in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC). METHODS In this retrospective study, microarray data from 51 HGSC specimens were analyzed (Affymetrix HG-U133A). A panel of 183 immune/inflammatory response related genes linked to 279 probe sets was constructed a priori and screened. Associations between gene expression and OS were assessed using logrank tests. Multiple testing was addressed within the False Discovery Rate (FDR) framework. For external validation, TCGA Ovarian dataset and five GSE publicly available HGSC datasets were evaluated. RESULTS In Duke data, 110 probe sets linked to 83 immunologic/inflammatory-related genes were differentially expressed in tumors from long versus short-term HGSC survivors (adjusted p < 0.05). In TCGA, concordant with the results from the Duke discovery cohort, high expression of one probe (IL6R) demonstrated a consistent significance and concordant association with higher expression in long-term HGSC survivors (Duke q-value = 0.022) and improved OS in the TCGA dataset (p-value = 0.015, HR = 0.8). Thirteen genes in GSE14764 (N = 4) and GSE26712 (N = 9) datasets had significant p-values and consistent concordant with Duke Data. Despite the significant associations of gene expression and OS in the individual GSE datasets, in the GSE meta-analysis no genes were consistently concordant and significantly associated with survival. CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of IL6R expression may be warranted based on higher expression in long-term survivors and association with improved survival in advanced HGSC. The other candidate genes may also be of worthy of further exploration to enhance immuno-oncology drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharareh Siamakpour-Reihani
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, United States.
| | - Lauren Patterson Cobb
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Chen Jiang
- Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Duke Cancer Institute, United States.
| | - Dadong Zhang
- Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Duke Cancer Institute, United States.
| | - Rebecca A Previs
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
| | - Kouros Owzar
- Duke Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, United States; Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Duke Cancer Institute, United States.
| | - Andrew B Nixon
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, United States.
| | - Angeles Alvarez Secord
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
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159
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Protective effect inhibiting the expression of miR-181a on the diabetic corneal nerve in a mouse model. Exp Eye Res 2020; 192:107925. [PMID: 31926967 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.107925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the protective effect of inhibiting miR-181a on diabetic corneal nerve in mice, we chose male C57BL/6 mice with streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetes as animal models. The expression of miR-181a in trigeminal ganglion tissue (TG) of diabetic mice was detected by real-time PCR. In vitro, we cultured mouse trigeminal ganglion neurons and measured the neuronal axon growth when treated under miR-181a antagomir and negative conditions (NTC). Immunofluorescence showed a significant increase in neuronal axon length in trigeminal ganglion cells treated with miR-181a antagomir. In animal models, we performed epithelial scraping and subconjunctival injection of the miR-181a antagomir and miRNA antagomir NTC to observe the corneal nerve repair by corneal nerve staining. miR-181a antagomir subconjunctival injection significantly increased the corneal epithelium healing of diabetic mice compared with that of the NTC group. Meanwhile, corneal nerve staining showed that the repair of corneal nerve endings was significantly promoted. As the targets of the 181a, ATG5 and BCL-2 were previously identified. The results of Western blot showed that the expression of autophagy associated protein ATG5 and LC3B-II and the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 were decreased in the high-glucose cell culture environment and the diabetic TG tissue. The expression of ATG5, LC3B-II and Bcl-2 were significantly increased after miR-181a antagomir treatment compared with negative control group. This study showed that inhibition of miR-181a expression in diabetic mice could increase ATG5-mediated autophagic activation, BCL-2-mediated inhibition of apoptosis, and promote the growth of trigeminal sensory neurons and the regeneration of corneal nerve fibers. It has a protective effect on diabetic corneal neuropathy.
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160
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El-Ashmawy NE, Khedr EG, El-Bahrawy HA, Helmy NN. Modulatory Effect of Silymarin on Apoptosis in Testosterone -Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats. Pathol Oncol Res 2020; 26:1947-1956. [PMID: 31902118 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00764-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is considered a normal part of the aging process in men, and is characterized by an imbalance between cell proliferation and apoptosis. Our study aimed to investigate the potential protective role of silymarin (SIL) against testosterone-induced BPH in rats and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying SIL pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects. Forty adult male Wistar rats were divided equally into four groups: control group, BPH group (3 mg/kg testosterone propionate, s.c. for 14 days, SIL group (50 mg/kg SIL, orally, once daily concomitantly with 3 mg/kg testosterone propionate s.c.) and inhibitor group (50 mg/kg SIL orally concomitantly with 3 mg/kg testosterone, s.c. and 0.5 mg/rat Z-VAD-FMK, i.p.). Silymarin induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in BPH as SIL significantly reduced prostatic Bcl-2 protein and increased Bax protein concentration. Also, SIL down-regulated survivin (Inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAPs) gene expression in rat prostate assisting mainly caspase-dependent pathway. Silymarin significantly decreased cytochrome-c cytosolic concentration and increased caspase 3 activity compared to BPH group. Silymarin significantly increased the content of p27/kip1 (Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKIs) promoting cell cycle arrest. The histological features of BPH such as hypertrophy, papillary projections formation, improved in SIL group. Silymarin showed a significant anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic role in BPH and accordingly it could be effectively and safely used as a treatment tool in cases of BPH or prostatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla E El-Ashmawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, El-Gharbia, 31527, Egypt
| | - Eman G Khedr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, El-Gharbia, 31527, Egypt
| | - Hoda A El-Bahrawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, El-Gharbia, 31527, Egypt
| | - Nada N Helmy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, El-Gharbia, 31527, Egypt.
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161
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Guo Z, Song T, Xue Z, Liu P, Zhang M, Zhang X, Zhang Z. Using CETSA assay and a mathematical model to reveal dual Bcl-2/Mcl-1 inhibition and on-target mechanism for ABT-199 and S1. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 142:105105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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162
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Zhang P, Zhang X, Liu X, Khan S, Zhou D, Zheng G. PROTACs are effective in addressing the platelet toxicity associated with BCL-X L inhibitors. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2020; 1:259-272. [PMID: 34296214 PMCID: PMC8293695 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2020.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BCL-XL is an anti-apoptotic protein that plays an important role in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and intrinsic or therapy-induced cancer drug resistance. More recently, BCL-XL has also been identified as a key survival factor in senescent cells. Accumulation of senescent cells has been indicated as a causal factor of aging and many age-related diseases and contributes to tumor relapse and metastasis. Thus, inhibition of BCL-XL is an attractive strategy for the treatment of cancer and extension of healthspan. However, development of BCL-XL inhibitors such as navitoclax for clinical use has been challenging because human platelets depend on BCL-XL for survival. In this review, the authors discuss how BCL-XL-targeted proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) afford a novel approach to mitigate the on-target thrombocytopenia associated with BCL-XL inhibition. The authors summarize the progress in the development of BCL-XL PROTACs. The authors highlight the in vitro and in vivo data supporting that by hijacking the ubiquitin protein ligase (E3) that are poorly expressed in human platelets, BCL-XL PROTACs can significantly improve the therapeutic window compared to conventional BCL-XL inhibitors. These findings demonstrated the potentially broad utility of PROTAC technology to achieve tissue selectivity through recruiting differentially expressed E3 ligases and to reduce on-target toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyi Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Xingui Liu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Sajid Khan
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Guangrong Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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163
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Chen S, Deng Y, He Q, Chen Y, Wang D, Sun W, He Y, Zou Z, Liang Z, Chen R, Yao L, Tao A. Toll-like Receptor 4 Deficiency Aggravates Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Inflammation by Impairing Neutrophil Apoptosis in a Toluene Diisocyanate-Induced Murine Asthma Model. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020; 12:608-625. [PMID: 32400128 PMCID: PMC7225000 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2020.12.4.608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accumulating evidence has suggested that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is critically involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of TLR4 in toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-induced allergic airway inflammation. METHODS TLR4-/- and wild-type (WT) C57BL/10J mice were sensitized and challenged with TDI to generate a TDI-induced asthma model. B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) inhibitors, ABT-199 (4 mg/kg) and ABT-737 (4 mg/kg), were intranasally given to TDI-exposed TLR4-/- mice after each challenge. RESULTS TDI exposure led to increased airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), granulocyte flux, bronchial epithelial shedding and extensive submucosal collagen deposition, which were unexpectedly aggravated by TLR4 deficiency. Following TDI challenge, TLR4-/- mice exhibited down-regulated interleukin-17A and increased colony-stimulating factor 3 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), while WT mice did not. In addition, TLR4 deficiency robustly suppressed the expression of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 and NLR family CARD domain containing 4, decreased caspase-1 activity in TDI-exposed mice, but had no effect on the level of high mobility group box 1 in BALF. Flow cytometry revealed that TDI hampered both neutrophil and eosinophil apoptosis, of which neutrophil apoptosis was further inhibited in TDI-exposed TLR4-/- mice, with marked up-regulation of Bcl-2. Moreover, inhibition of Bcl-2 with either ABT-199 or ABT-737 significantly alleviated neutrophil recruitment by promoting apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS These data indicated that TLR4 deficiency promoted neutrophil infiltration by impairing its apoptosis via up-regulation of Bcl-2, thereby resulting in deteriorated AHR and airway inflammation, which suggests that TLR4 could be a negative regulator of TDI-induced neutrophilic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Immunology, Inflammation & Immune-Mediated Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Deng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Immunology, Inflammation & Immune-Mediated Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoling He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Immunology, Inflammation & Immune-Mediated Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbo Chen
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - De Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Immunology, Inflammation & Immune-Mediated Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weimin Sun
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Immunology, Inflammation & Immune-Mediated Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Immunology, Inflammation & Immune-Mediated Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zehong Zou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Immunology, Inflammation & Immune-Mediated Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongchang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ailin Tao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Immunology, Inflammation & Immune-Mediated Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. ,
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164
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Li L, Lin L, Li M, Li W. Gilteritinib induces PUMA-dependent apoptotic cell death via AKT/GSK-3β/NF-κB pathway in colorectal cancer cells. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:2308-2318. [PMID: 31881122 PMCID: PMC7011145 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As a highly potent and highly selective oral inhibitor of FLT3/AXL, gilteritinib showed activity against FLT3D835 and FLT3‐ITD mutations in pre‐clinical testing, although its role on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells is not yet fully elucidated. We examined the activity of gilteritinib in suppressing growth of CRC and its enhancing effect on other drugs used in chemotherapy. In this study, we observed that, regardless of p53 status, treatment using gilteritinib induces PUMA in CRC cells via the NF‐κB pathway after inhibition of AKT and activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK‐3β). PUMA was observed to be vital for apoptosis in CRC cells through treatment of gilteritinib. Moreover, enhancing induction of PUMA through different pathways could mediate chemosensitization by using gilteritinib. Furthermore, PUMA deficiency revoked the antitumour role of gilteritinib in vivo. Thus, our results indicate that PUMA mediates the antitumour activity of gilteritinib in CRC cells. These observations are critical for the therapeutic role of gilteritinib in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjun Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Weiling Li
- Biotechnology Department, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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165
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Shi CS, Kehrl JH. Bcl-2 regulates pyroptosis and necroptosis by targeting BH3-like domains in GSDMD and MLKL. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:151. [PMID: 31839993 PMCID: PMC6901440 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0230-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death in multicellular organisms. Bcl-2 prevents apoptosis and promotes cellular survival by neutralizing BH3 domain-containing proteins, which directly activate the pore-forming proteins BAX and BAK. However, Bcl-2 is not known to regulate other cell death effectors such as gasdermin D (GSDMD) or mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), whose activation causes pyroptosis and necroptosis, respectively. Here, we identify a BH3-like domain in both GSDMD and MLKL that mediates an interaction with B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). The presence of Bcl-2 reduced GSDMD cleavage at D275 by caspase-1, 4 or 5, and enhanced the GSDMD cleavage at D87. The GSDMD D87 cleavage inactivates the pyroptotic execution program. The presence of Bcl-2 also limited RIP3 mediated phosphorylation of MLKL, which reduced MLKL oligomerization and tempered the induction of necroptosis. Our observations suggest that the presence of Bcl-2 limits the induction of three forms of cell death apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Shan Shi
- B Cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - John H Kehrl
- B Cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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166
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Zhang X, Thummuri D, He Y, Liu X, Zhang P, Zhou D, Zheng G. Utilizing PROTAC technology to address the on-target platelet toxicity associated with inhibition of BCL-X L. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14765-14768. [PMID: 31754664 PMCID: PMC7057339 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07217a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BCL-XL, an anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family protein, plays a key role in cancer cell survival. However, the potential of BCL-XL as an anti-cancer target has been hampered by the on-target platelet toxicity because platelets depend on BCL-XL to maintain their viability. Here we report the development of a PROTAC BCL-XL degrader, XZ424, which has increased selectivity for BCL-XL-dependent MOLT-4 cells over human platelets compared with conventional BCL-XL inhibitors. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the potential of utilizing a PROTAC approach to achieve tissue selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1333 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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167
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Khan S, Zhang X, Lv D, Zhang Q, He Y, Zhang P, Liu X, Thummuri D, Yuan Y, Wiegand JS, Pei J, Zhang W, Sharma A, McCurdy CR, Kuruvilla VM, Baran N, Ferrando AA, Kim YM, Rogojina A, Houghton PJ, Huang G, Hromas R, Konopleva M, Zheng G, Zhou D. A selective BCL-X L PROTAC degrader achieves safe and potent antitumor activity. Nat Med 2019; 25:1938-1947. [PMID: 31792461 PMCID: PMC6898785 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0668-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BCL-XL is a well-validated cancer target. However, the on-target and dose-limiting thrombocytopenia limits the use of BCL-XL inhibitors such as ABT263 as safe and effective anticancer agents. To reduce the toxicity of ABT263, we converted it into DT2216, a BCL-XL proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC), that targets BCL-XL to the Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) E3 ligase for degradation. We found that DT2216 was more potent against various BCL-XL-dependent leukemia and cancer cells but significantly less toxic to platelets than ABT263 in vitro because VHL is poorly expressed in platelets. In vivo, DT2216 effectively inhibits the growth of several xenograft tumors as a single agent or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, without causing significant thrombocytopenia. These findings demonstrate the potential to use PROTAC technology to reduce on-target drug toxicities and rescue the therapeutic potential of previously undruggable targets. Furthermore, DT2216 may be developed as a safe first-in-class anticancer agent targeting BCL-XL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Khan
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dongwen Lv
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yonghan He
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Peiyi Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Xingui Liu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dinesh Thummuri
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yaxia Yuan
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Janet S Wiegand
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jing Pei
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Weizhou Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Abhisheak Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christopher R McCurdy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Vinitha M Kuruvilla
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Natalia Baran
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Adolfo A Ferrando
- Department of Pediatrics, Pathology, Cell Biology and Systems of Biology and Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yong-Mi Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna Rogojina
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Peter J Houghton
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Guangcun Huang
- Department of Medicine, the Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robert Hromas
- Department of Medicine, the Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guangrong Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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168
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Kønig SM, Rissler V, Terkelsen T, Lambrughi M, Papaleo E. Alterations of the interactome of Bcl-2 proteins in breast cancer at the transcriptional, mutational and structural level. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007485. [PMID: 31825969 PMCID: PMC6927658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is an essential defensive mechanism against tumorigenesis. Proteins of the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family regulate programmed cell death by the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. In response to intracellular stress, the apoptotic balance is governed by interactions of three distinct subgroups of proteins; the activator/sensitizer BH3 (Bcl-2 homology 3)-only proteins, the pro-survival, and the pro-apoptotic executioner proteins. Changes in expression levels, stability, and functional impairment of pro-survival proteins can lead to an imbalance in tissue homeostasis. Their overexpression or hyperactivation can result in oncogenic effects. Pro-survival Bcl-2 family members carry out their function by binding the BH3 short linear motif of pro-apoptotic proteins in a modular way, creating a complex network of protein-protein interactions. Their dysfunction enables cancer cells to evade cell death. The critical role of Bcl-2 proteins in homeostasis and tumorigenesis, coupled with mounting insight in their structural properties, make them therapeutic targets of interest. A better understanding of gene expression, mutational profile, and molecular mechanisms of pro-survival Bcl-2 proteins in different cancer types, could help to clarify their role in cancer development and may guide advancement in drug discovery. Here, we shed light on the pro-survival Bcl-2 proteins in breast cancer using different bioinformatic approaches, linking -omics with structural data. We analyzed the changes in the expression of the Bcl-2 proteins and their BH3-containing interactors in breast cancer samples. We then studied, at the structural level, a selection of interactions, accounting for effects induced by mutations found in the breast cancer samples. We find two complexes between the up-regulated Bcl2A1 and two down-regulated BH3-only candidates (i.e., Hrk and Nr4a1) as targets associated with reduced apoptosis in breast cancer samples for future experimental validation. Furthermore, we predict L99R, M75R as damaging mutations altering protein stability, and Y120C as a possible allosteric mutation from an exposed surface to the BH3-binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Mathis Kønig
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vendela Rissler
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thilde Terkelsen
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matteo Lambrughi
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elena Papaleo
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Translational Disease Systems Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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169
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Li Y, Jiang W, Niu Q, Sun Y, Meng C, Tan L, Song C, Qiu X, Liao Y, Ding C. eIF2α-CHOP-BCl-2/JNK and IRE1α-XBP1/JNK signaling promote apoptosis and inflammation and support the proliferation of Newcastle disease virus. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:891. [PMID: 31767828 PMCID: PMC6877643 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes severe infectious disease in poultry and selectively kills tumor cells, by inducing apoptosis and cytokines secretion. In this report, we study the mechanisms underlying NDV-induced apoptosis by investigating the unfolded protein response (UPR). We found that NDV infection activated all three branches of the UPR signaling (PERK-eIF2α, ATF6, and IRE1α) and triggered apoptosis, in avian cells (DF-1 and CEF) and in various human cancer cell types (HeLa, Cal27, HN13, A549, H1299, Huh7, and HepG2). Interestingly, the suppression of either apoptosis or UPR led to impaired NDV proliferation. Meanwhile, the inhibition of UPR by 4-PBA protected cells from NDV-induced apoptosis. Further study revealed that activation of PERK-eIF2α induced the expression of transcription factor CHOP, which subsequently promoted apoptosis by downregulating BCL-2/MCL-1, promoting JNK signaling and suppressing AKT signaling. In parallel, IRE1α mediated the splicing of XBP1 mRNA and resulted in the translation and nuclear translocation of XBP1s, thereby promoting the transcription of ER chaperones and components of ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Furthermore, IRE1α promoted apoptosis and cytokines secretion via the activation of JNK signaling. Knock down and overexpression studies showed that CHOP, IRE1α, XBP1, and JNK supported efficient virus proliferation. Our study demonstrates that the induction of eIF2α-CHOP-BCL-2/JNK and IRE1α-XBP1/JNK signaling cascades promote apoptosis and cytokines secretion, and these signaling cascades support NDV proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Li
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Weiyu Jiang
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Qiaona Niu
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Chunchun Meng
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Lei Tan
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Cuiping Song
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Xusheng Qiu
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Ying Liao
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China.
| | - Chan Ding
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, P. R. China.
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170
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Xu X, Eshima S, Kato S, Fisher DE, Sakurai H, Hayakawa Y, Yokoyama S. Rational Combination Therapy for Melanoma with Dinaciclib by Targeting BAK-Dependent Cell Death. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 19:627-636. [PMID: 31744894 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mutation of the oncogene BRAF is among the most common genetic alterations in melanoma. BRAF inhibitors alone or in combination with MEK inhibitors fail to eradicate the tumor in most patients due to combinations of intrinsic or acquired resistance. Therefore, novel strategies are needed to improve the therapeutic efficacy of BRAF inhibition. We demonstrated that dinaciclib has potent antimelanoma effects by inducing BAK-dependent apoptosis through MCL1 reduction. Contrary to dinaciclib, the inhibitors of BRAF/MEK/CDK4/6 induced apoptosis dominantly through a BAX-dependent mechanism. Although the combination of BRAF and MEK inhibitors did not exhibit additive antimelanoma effects, their combination with dinaciclib synergistically inhibited melanoma growth both in vitro and in vivo Collectively, our present findings suggest dinaciclib to be an effective complementary drug of BAX-dependent antimelanoma drugs by targeting BAK-mediated apoptosis, and other such rational drug combinations can be determined by identifying complementary drugs activating either BAK or BAX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoou Xu
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shizuka Eshima
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kato
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts
| | - David E Fisher
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts
| | - Hiroaki Sakurai
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Satoru Yokoyama
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan. .,Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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171
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Xu Y, Wang X, Guo B, Wang D, Kalvakolanu DV, Chen X, Tang J, Zhang L, Yang Q. Nonviral Delivery of GRIM-19 Gene Inhibits Tumor Growth with Reduced Local and Systemic Complications. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 30:1419-1430. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Departments of Pathogenobiology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinghuo Wang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Baofeng Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ding Wang
- Departments of Pathogenobiology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dhan V. Kalvakolanu
- Greenebaum Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Molecular Biology Program, University of Maryland School Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xuyang Chen
- Departments of Pathogenobiology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Departments of Pathogenobiology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Departments of Pathogenobiology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Departments of Pathogenobiology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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172
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Richmond L, Keeshan K. Pseudokinases: a tribble-edged sword. FEBS J 2019; 287:4170-4182. [PMID: 31621188 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the understanding of the Tribbles family of pseudokinases (TRIB1, TRIB2 and TRIB3) reveal these proteins as potentially valuable biomarkers of disease diagnosis, prognosis, prediction and clinical strategy. In their role as signalling mediators and scaffolding proteins, TRIBs lead to changes in protein stability and activity, which impact on diverse cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, cell cycle and cell death. We review the role of TRIB proteins as promising therapeutic targets, with an emphasis on their role in cancer, and as biomarkers, with potential application across diverse pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Richmond
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Karen Keeshan
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
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173
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Su L, Kong H, Wu F, Lv H, Wu W, Wang G, Yan X, Wang J, Fang Q. Long non-coding RNA zinc finger antisense 1 functions as an oncogene in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6331-6338. [PMID: 31807158 PMCID: PMC6876286 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite progress in the diagnosis and treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), its prognosis remains poor. Multiple studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in carcinogenesis and metastasis. The present study assessed the function of the lncRNA zinc finger antisense 1 (ZFAS1) in APL. In a cohort of 33 patients, ZFAS1 was significantly overexpressed compared with the level in healthy controls. To investigate the specific mechanisms of this upregulation, in vitro studies showed that silencing of ZFAS1 by small interfering RNA significantly inhibited cell proliferation in APL cells. Moreover, downregulation of ZFAS1 increased cellular apoptosis, decreased expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 and of induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1, increased the expression of apoptosis regulator BAX and promoted the release of cytochrome c and Diablo homolog mitochondrial into the cytoplasm. In conclusion, these data indicate that ZFAS1 may serve as an oncogene in APL and may thus be a useful target for future clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Su
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Kong
- Department of Hematopathology, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - Fenzhi Wu
- Department of Hematopathology, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - Hongjiao Lv
- Department of Hematopathology, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - Wenping Wu
- Department of Hematopathology, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Hematopathology, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - Xuefen Yan
- Department of Hematopathology, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - Jiaheng Wang
- Department of Hematopathology, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Fang
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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174
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Habibi A, Sadat Shandiz SA, Salehzadeh A, Moradi-Shoeili Z. Novel pyridinecarboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone conjugated magnetite nanoparticulates (MNPs) promote apoptosis in human lung cancer A549 cells. J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 25:13-22. [PMID: 31630253 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01728-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study highlights the apoptotic activity of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticulates functionalized by glutamic acid and 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (PTSC) toward human lung epithelial carcinoma A549 cell line. To this aim, the Fe3O4 nanoparticulates were prepared using co-precipitation method. Then, the glutamic acid and Fe3O4 nanoparticulates were conjugated to each other. The product was further functionalized with bio-reactive PTSC moiety. In addition, the synthesized Fe3O4@Glu/PTSC nanoparticulates were characterized by physico-chemical techniques including scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and zeta potential analysis. The effects of in vitro cell viability in Fe3O4@Glu/PTSC nanoparticulate indicated the anti-proliferative properties in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 135.6 µM/mL). The high selectivity for tumor cells and far below of activity in HEK293 non-tumorigenic cells is considered as an important feature for this complex (SI, 3.48). Based on the results, PTSC failed to reveal any activity against A549 cells alone. However, Fe3O4 nanoparticulates had some effects in inhibiting the growth of lung cancer cell. Furthermore, Bax and Bcl-2 gene expressions were quantified by real-time PCR method. The expression of Bax increased 1.62-fold, while the expression of Bcl-2 decreased 0.76-fold at 135.6 µM/mL concentration of Fe3O4@Glu/PTSC compared to untreated A549 cells. Furthermore, the Fe3O4@Glu/PTSC nanoparticulate-inducing apoptosis properties were evaluated by Hoechst 33258 staining, Caspase-3 activation assay and Annexin V/propidium iodide staining. The results of the present study suggest that Fe3O4@Glu/PTSC nanoparticulates exhibit effective anti-cancer activity against lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Habibi
- Department of Biology, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Ali Salehzadeh
- Department of Biology, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Zeinab Moradi-Shoeili
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, P.O. Box 41335-1914, Rasht, Iran
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175
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Denis C, Sopková-de Oliveira Santos J, Bureau R, Voisin-Chiret AS. Hot-Spots of Mcl-1 Protein. J Med Chem 2019; 63:928-943. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Denis
- Normandie Univiversité, UNICAEN, CERMN, 14000 Caen, France
| | | | - Ronan Bureau
- Normandie Univiversité, UNICAEN, CERMN, 14000 Caen, France
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176
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Li Y, Zhu L, Shi F, Li R, Chen X, Zheng Z, Qiu B, Hou L. Modified Liangfu granule exhibits anti-cancer effects in gastric cancer by regulating apoptosis-related proteins and genes. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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177
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Connecting cancer relapse with senescence. Cancer Lett 2019; 463:50-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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178
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Riccardi C, Musumeci D, Trifuoggi M, Irace C, Paduano L, Montesarchio D. Anticancer Ruthenium(III) Complexes and Ru(III)-Containing Nanoformulations: An Update on the Mechanism of Action and Biological Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:E146. [PMID: 31561546 PMCID: PMC6958509 DOI: 10.3390/ph12040146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The great advances in the studies on metal complexes for the treatment of different cancer forms, starting from the pioneering works on platinum derivatives, have fostered an increasingly growing interest in their properties and biomedical applications. Among the various metal-containing drugs investigated thus far, ruthenium(III) complexes have emerged for their selective cytotoxic activity in vitro and promising anticancer properties in vivo, also leading to a few candidates in advanced clinical trials. Aiming at addressing the solubility, stability and cellular uptake issues of low molecular weight Ru(III)-based compounds, some research groups have proposed the development of suitable drug delivery systems (e.g., taking advantage of nanoparticles, liposomes, etc.) able to enhance their activity compared to the naked drugs. This review highlights the unique role of Ru(III) complexes in the current panorama of anticancer agents, with particular emphasis on Ru-containing nanoformulations based on the incorporation of the Ru(III) complexes into suitable nanocarriers in order to enhance their bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties. Preclinical evaluation of these nanoaggregates is discussed with a special focus on the investigation of their mechanism of action at a molecular level, highlighting their pharmacological potential in tumour disease models and value for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Riccardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Domenica Musumeci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Carlo Irace
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Paduano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Daniela Montesarchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
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179
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Kong L, Wei Q, Hu X, Chen L, Li J. Ribosomal protein small subunit 15A (RPS15A) inhibits the apoptosis of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells via upregulating phosphorylated ERK1/2, Bad, and Chk1. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:587-595. [PMID: 31535410 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM To detect the expression and identify the role of Ribosomal protein S15A (RPS15A) in human breast cancer (BC). METHODS Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was carried out for detecting the levels of RPS15A protein. Quantitative PCR was used to evaluate the mRNA level of RPS15A in one normal breast and three BC cell lines. Lentivirus-mediated shRNA targeting RPS15A was designed to investigate the impact of silencing RPS15A in MDA-MB-231 cell. RESULTS Higher RPS15A expression was detected in tumor tissues than in para-cancer tissues, and higher RPS15A expression was related to larger tumor size and higher TNM stage. Also, RPS15A mRNA expression in all three BC cell lines was higher than that in normal breast cell (all P < .005). Further, RPS15A knockdown significantly suppressed MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Moreover, RPS15A knockdown increased the caspase-3/-7 activity, and suppressed the phosphorylated levels of ERK1/2, Bad, and Chk1 (all P < .01). CONCLUSION RPS15A inhibits apoptosis via upregulating phosphorylated ERK1/2, Bad, and Chk1 in MDA-MB-231 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingsuo Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of life Sciences and Medicine, West district of The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qing Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of life Sciences and Medicine, West district of The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xianwen Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lanren Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of life Sciences and Medicine, West district of The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Anesthesia, Qilu Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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180
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XIAP as a Target of New Small Organic Natural Molecules Inducing Human Cancer Cell Death. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091336. [PMID: 31505859 PMCID: PMC6770071 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is an emerging crucial therapeutic target in cancer. We report on the discovery and characterisation of small organic molecules from Piper genus plants exhibiting XIAP antagonism, namely erioquinol, a quinol substituted in the 4-position with an alkenyl group and the alkenylphenols eriopodols A–C. Another isolated compound was originally identified as gibbilimbol B. Erioquinol was the most potent inhibitor of human cancer cell viability when compared with gibbilimbol B and eriopodol A was listed as intermediate. Gibbilimbol B and eriopodol A induced apoptosis through mitochondrial permeabilisation and caspase activation while erioquinol acted on cell fate via caspase-independent/non-apoptotic mechanisms, likely involving mitochondrial dysfunctions and aberrant generation of reactive oxygen species. In silico modelling and molecular approaches suggested that all molecules inhibit XIAP by binding to XIAP-baculoviral IAP repeat domain. This demonstrates a novel aspect of XIAP as a key determinant of tumour control, at the molecular crossroad of caspase-dependent/independent cell death pathway and indicates molecular aspects to develop tumour-effective XIAP antagonists.
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181
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Wong SHM, Kong WY, Fang CM, Loh HS, Chuah LH, Abdullah S, Ngai SC. The TRAIL to cancer therapy: Hindrances and potential solutions. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 143:81-94. [PMID: 31561055 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is an ordered and orchestrated cellular process that occurs in physiological and pathological conditions. Resistance to apoptosis is a hallmark of virtually all malignancies. Despite being a cause of pathological conditions, apoptosis could be a promising target in cancer treatment. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), also known as Apo-2 ligand (Apo2L), is a member of TNF cytokine superfamily. It is a potent anti-cancer agent owing to its specific targeting towards cancerous cells, while sparing normal cells, to induce apoptosis. However, resistance occurs either intrinsically or after multiple treatments which may explain why cancer therapy fails. This review summarizes the apoptotic mechanisms via extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways, as well as the apoptotic resistance mechanisms. It also reviews the current clinically tested recombinant human TRAIL (rhTRAIL) and TRAIL receptor agonists (TRAs) against TRAIL-Receptors, TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2, in which the outcomes of the clinical trials have not been satisfactory. Finally, this review discusses the current strategies in overcoming resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in pre-clinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia How Ming Wong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wei Yang Kong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Mun Fang
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hwei-San Loh
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lay-Hong Chuah
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syahril Abdullah
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, 43400 UPM, Malaysia; UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, 43400 UPM, Malaysia
| | - Siew Ching Ngai
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
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182
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Wei H, Harper MT. ABT-737 Triggers Caspase-Dependent Inhibition of Platelet Procoagulant Extracellular Vesicle Release during Apoptosis and Secondary Necrosis In Vitro. Thromb Haemost 2019; 119:1665-1674. [PMID: 31493778 PMCID: PMC6768798 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1693694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Platelet lifespan is limited by activation of intrinsic apoptosis. Apoptotic platelets are rapidly cleared from the circulation in vivo. ABT-737 triggers platelet apoptosis and is a useful tool for studying this process. However, in vitro experiments lack clearance mechanisms for apoptotic platelets. To determine whether apoptotic platelets progress to secondary necrosis, apoptosis was triggered in human platelets with ABT-737, a BH3 mimetic. Platelet annexin V (AnV) binding, release of AnV+ extracellular vesicles (EVs), and loss of plasma membrane integrity were monitored by flow cytometry. ABT-737 triggered AnV binding, indicating phosphatidylserine exposure, release of AnV+ EVs, and a slow loss of plasma membrane integrity. The latter suggests that apoptotic platelets progress to secondary necrosis in vitro. These responses were dependent on caspase activation and Ca2+ entry. Surprisingly, although intracellular Ca2+ concentration increased, AnV+ EV release was not dependent on the Ca2+-dependent protease, calpain. On the contrary, ABT-737 downregulated the ability of the Ca2+ ionophore, A23187, to trigger calpain-dependent release of AnV+ EVs. This was dependent on caspase activity as, when caspases were inhibited, ABT-737 increased the ability of A23187 to trigger AnV+ EV release. These data suggest that apoptotic platelets progress to secondary necrosis unless they are cleared. This may affect the interpretation of ABT-737-triggered signaling in platelets in vitro. Ca2+-dependent AnV+ EV release is downregulated during apoptosis in a caspase-dependent manner, which may limit the potential consequences of secondary necrotic platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew T Harper
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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183
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Respondek M, Beberok A, Rzepka Z, Rok J, Wrześniok D. MIM1 induces COLO829 melanoma cell death through mitochondrial membrane breakdown, GSH depletion, and DNA damage. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2019; 34:20-31. [PMID: 31410885 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a high aggressive malignancy in humans and causes 60-80% of deaths from skin cancer. Defect in an intrinsic pathway of apoptosis via overexpression of Mcl-1 is responsible for malignant melanoma development and progression, and also for resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. MIM1 is a specific low molecular Mcl-1 protein inhibitor that is able to induce Mcl-1-dependent cancer cells death. Here, we examined the effect of MIM1 as well as MIM1 and dacarbazine (DTIC) mixture on cell viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression in COLO829 melanoma cells. Cell viability was performed by the WST-1 assay. Analysis of apoptosis as well as cell cycle progression was determined by fluorescence image cytometer NucleoCounter NC-3000. The obtained results demonstrated that the MIM1 exhibited high cytotoxicity against melanotic melanoma cells and induced mitochondrial membrane breakdown, GSH depletion, and DNA fragmentation. Additionally, MIM1 enhanced the proapoptotic effect of DTIC toward melanoma cells; furthermore, a mixture of these drugs caused cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in COLO829 cells. Taken together, these data provide, for the first time, evidence that a low molecular weight Mcl-1 inhibitor-MIM1 may be a promising agent with antitumor and proapoptotic properties toward melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Respondek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska, 441-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Artur Beberok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska, 441-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Rzepka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska, 441-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Jakub Rok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska, 441-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Dorota Wrześniok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska, 441-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
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184
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Anaya-Eugenio GD, Rebollar-Ramos D, González MDC, Raja H, Mata R, Carcache de Blanco EJ. Apoptotic activity of xanthoquinodin JBIR-99, from Parengyodontium album MEXU 30054, in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 311:108798. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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185
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Wang F, Zhang Z, Leung WT, Chen J, Yi J, Ying C, Yuan M, Wang M, Zhang N, Qiu X, Wang L, Wei H. Hydroxychloroquine reverses the drug resistance of leukemic K562/ADM cells by inhibiting autophagy. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3883-3892. [PMID: 31485616 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential metabolic pathway mediated by lysosomal degradation, which is involved in scavenging and recycling senescent or damaged organelles and biological macromolecules in eukaryotic cells. The present study explored the association between the autophagic activity and chemotherapy resistance of leukaemia cells, and the possibility of using autophagy inhibitors to combat leukemic drug resistance. It was found that the levels of basic autophagy in multidrug‑resistant leukaemia cells (K562/ADM) were significantly higher compared with sensitive cells (K562), and that Adriamycin (ADM) was capable of inducing autophagic activity in K562 and K562/ADM cells. K562 and K562/ADM cells were treated with a series of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) concentrations to inhibit cellular autophagy and detect cell sensitivity to ADM. The results demonstrated that the sensitivity of K562 cells to ADM was mildly enhanced by HCQ, and that the sensitivity of K562/ADM cells to ADM was markedly strengthened by HCQ. In addition, more typical morphological changes associated with apoptosis emerged, and the ratio of Bax/Bcl‑2 and activity of caspase‑3 were markedly increased in K562/ADM cells treated with HCQ. Notably, the expression of mdr1 mRNA and P‑glycoprotein (P‑gp) in drug‑resistant K562/ADM cells was upregulated along with increasing autophagic activity induced by ADM. Furthermore, HCQ significantly reduced the increase in P‑gp expression by inhibiting autophagic activity. Collectively, these findings indicated that the inhibition of autophagy significantly promoted the sensitivity of K562/ADM cells to ADM by facilitating apoptosis. Furthermore, inhibition of autophagy attenuated the expression of P‑gp; therefore, P‑gp may be involved in autophagic regulation in drug‑resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Zhewen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Wing Ting Leung
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Juan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Minmin Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Mingyan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Na Zhang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xuemin Qiu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Ling Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Hulai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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186
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Zhou XL, Chen ZD, Zhou YM, Shi RH, Li ZJ. The Effect of Tartary Buckwheat Flavonoids in Inhibiting the Proliferation of MGC80-3 Cells during Seed Germination. Molecules 2019; 24:E3092. [PMID: 31454945 PMCID: PMC6749336 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn) is rich in functional compounds such as rutin, quercetin, d-chiro-inositol, dietary fiber, and essential amino acids. Electric field (EF) treatment before sprout germination results in physiological and chemical changes, and some alterations might lead to positive applications in plant seeds. MTT assay showed that the effect of total flavonoids on human gastric cancer cell line MGC80-3 was significantly changed after EF treatment for different germination days (3-7 days). Among them, the total flavonoids of tartary buckwheat (BWTF) on the third day had the most obvious inhibitory effect on MGC80-3 (p < 0.01). In addition, flow cytometry evidenced that different ratios of quercetin and rutin had effects on the proliferation of MGC80-3. The same content of quercetin and rutin had the best effect, reaching 6.18 ± 0.82%. The anti-cancer mechanism was mainly promoted by promoting the expression of apoptotic proteins. The expression of Bax/Bcl-2 and caspase-8 in MGC80-3 cells was mediated by BWTFs. This study has good research value for improving the biological and economic value of tartary buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Zhou
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Zhi-Dong Chen
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhou
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Rong-Hua Shi
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Zong-Jie Li
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
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187
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Activating the Intrinsic Pathway of Apoptosis Using BIM BH3 Peptides Delivered by Peptide Amphiphiles with Endosomal Release. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12162567. [PMID: 31408950 PMCID: PMC6719084 DOI: 10.3390/ma12162567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic manipulation of the BCL-2 family using BH3 mimetics is an emerging paradigm in cancer treatment and immune modulation. For example, peptides mimicking the BIM BH3 helix can directly target the full complement of anti- and pro-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins to trigger apoptosis. This study has incorporated the potent BH3 α-helical death domain of BIM into peptide amphiphile (PA) nanostructures designed to facilitate cellular uptake and induce cell death. This study shows that these PA nanostructures are quickly incorporated into cells, are able to specifically bind BCL-2 proteins, are stable at physiologic temperatures and pH, and induce dose-dependent apoptosis in cells. The incorporation of a cathepsin B cleavable linker between the BIM BH3 peptide and the hydrophobic tail resulted in increased intracellular accumulation and mitochondrial co-localization of the BIM BH3 peptide while also improving BCL-2 family member binding and apoptotic reactivation. This PA platform represents a promising new strategy for intracellular therapeutic peptide delivery for the disruption of intracellular protein:protein interactions.
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188
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健愉 冯, 玉山 朱, 陈 权, 凌 林, Jianyu F, Yushan Z, Quan C, Jialing L. [Physiological Function and Structural Basis of Bcl-2 Family Proteins]. ZHONGGUO XI BAO SHENG WU XUE XUE BAO 2019; 41:1477-1489. [PMID: 34249113 PMCID: PMC8265309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is an important biological process that plays a key role in the regulation of cell fate and homeostasis. The B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family proteins are important regulators of the apoptotic pathway, and their dysfunction is associated with a variety of diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases. In the past decade, a large number of research work on the physiological functions and atomic structures of Bcl-2 family proteins have been reported, which has deepened our understanding of the molecular mechanism and pathological significance of Bcl-2 family proteins. Recently, new drugs targeting different Bcl-2 proteins have been developed and used in clinics or tested in clinical trials. However, the complexity and diversity in functions and structures of Bcl-2 family have left many unsolved problems. This article summarizes current knowledge of the structure and function of Bcl-2 family proteins and discusses the pharmacological significance of Bcl-2 proteins as effective therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - 林家 凌
- 俄克拉荷马大学健康科学中心生物化学与分子生物学系, 俄克拉何马城 73126-0901
| | - Feng Jianyu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300074, China
| | - Zhu Yushan
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300074, China
| | - Chen Quan
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300074, China
| | - Lin Jialing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma 73126, USA
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189
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Song C, Han Y, Luo H, Qin Z, Chen Z, Liu Y, Lu S, Sun H, Zhou C. HOXA10 induces BCL2 expression, inhibits apoptosis, and promotes cell proliferation in gastric cancer. Cancer Med 2019; 8:5651-5661. [PMID: 31364281 PMCID: PMC6745829 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeobox A10 (HOXA10) has been implicated critical for the promotion of carcinogenesis, but the underlying mechanism between HOXA10 and malignant gastric cancer (GC) phenotype remains elusive. In the present study, we analyzed and validated that HOXA10 and BCL2 expressions were elevated both at the mRNA and protein levels in GC tissues. Upregulated HOXA10 promoted GC cell proliferation with reduced apoptosis in vitro and accelerated GC tumor growth in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) experiment inferred that HOXA10 might upregulate the expression of BCL2. By performing western blot, chromatin immunoprecipitation and quantitative PCR (ChIP‐qPCR), and rescue experiment, we found that HOXA10 might bind to BCL2 promoter region, induce its expression, and thus inhibit intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Moreover, higher expression of HOXA10 and BCL2 predicted poor overall survival (OS) in GC patients. In summary, our study indicated that HOXA10 was upregulated in GC, and that HOXA10 might promote cell proliferation by elevating BCL2 expression and inhibiting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlong Song
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Han
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengqian Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Su Lu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Sun
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongzhi Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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190
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Guo W, Liu S, Ju X, Du J, Xu B, Yuan H, Qin F, Li L. The antitumor effect of hinesol, extract from Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. by proliferation, inhibition, and apoptosis induction via MEK/ERK and NF-κB pathway in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines A549 and NCI-H1299. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:18600-18607. [PMID: 31338882 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer (especially, non-small cell lung cancer [NSCLC]) is one of the most malignant cancers in the world. Hinesol is the major component of the essential oil of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC and possesses the most promising anticancer function. However, the effects and molecular mechanism of hinesol on antiproliferation in NSCLC cells has not been well understood. In this study, we found that hinesol effectively inhibited the A549 and NCI-H1299 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide assay. In addition, hinesol induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and apoptosis assessed by flow cytometry in A549 cells. Furthermore, Western blot analysis showed that hinesol decreased phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, IκBα, and p65 inhibited the expressions of Bcl-2, cyclin D1 and upregulated the expression of Bax. Based on these results, hinesol might be a potential drug candidate of anti-NSCLC for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Guo
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Songbai Liu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin Ju
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Du
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Xu
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Yuan
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Fenju Qin
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Liangzhi Li
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
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191
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Britt EL, Raman S, Leek K, Sheehy CH, Kim SW, Harada H. Combination of fenretinide and ABT-263 induces apoptosis through NOXA for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treatment. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219398. [PMID: 31276572 PMCID: PMC6611623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall survival for recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains low, with little progress made over decades. Cisplatin, most frequently used for HNSCC treatment, activates mitochondria-dependent apoptosis through the BCL-2 family proteins. We have previously demonstrated that the pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein, NOXA plays a critical role in this process. NOXA binds and inactivates anti-apoptotic MCL-1, while the BCL-2 inhibitor ABT-263 is capable of inactivating anti-apoptotic BCL-2 and BCL-XL. We hypothesized that combination of NOXA and ABT-263 treatment increases cell death by simultaneously inhibiting anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins in HNSCC cells. Here, we demonstrated that combination of ectopic NOXA expression and ABT-263 enhanced apoptosis in p53-inactive, p53 wild-type, and human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive HNSCC cell lines. Furthermore, a retinoid derivative and an endoplasmic reticulum stress inducer, fenretinide, induced NOXA, and combination of fenretinide and ABT-263 strongly induced apoptosis in HNSCC cells regardless of the HPV or p53 statuses. We also found that MCL-1 and BCL-XL are the primary targets of apoptosis induced by the combinations. These results will develop novel and alternative therapeutic strategies to directly modify the cell death machinery in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L. Britt
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Sarina Raman
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Kendall Leek
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Casey H. Sheehy
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Sung W. Kim
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Hisashi Harada
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
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192
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Discovery and development of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid derivatives as Bcl-2/Mcl-1 inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2019; 88:102938. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.102938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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193
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Trifluoperazine, an Antipsychotic Drug, Effectively Reduces Drug Resistance in Cisplatin-Resistant Urothelial Carcinoma Cells via Suppressing Bcl-xL: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133218. [PMID: 31262032 PMCID: PMC6651283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the primary treatment for metastatic bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC). Most patients inevitably encounter drug resistance and resultant disease relapse. Reduced apoptosis plays a critical role in chemoresistance. Trifluoperazine (TFP), an antipsychotic agent, has demonstrated antitumor effects on various cancers. This study investigated the efficacy of TFP in inhibiting cisplatin-resistant bladder UC and explored the underlying mechanism. Our results revealed that cisplatin-resistant UC cells (T24/R) upregulated the antiapoptotic factor, B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL). Knockdown of Bcl-xL by siRNA resensitized cisplatin-resistant cells to the cisplatin cytotoxic effect. TFP (10–45 μM) alone elicited dose-dependent cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and G0/G1 arrest on T24/R cells. Co-treatment of TFP potentiated cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in T24/R cells. The phenomenon that TFP alleviated cisplatin resistance to T24/R was accompanied with concurrent suppression of Bcl-xL. In vivo models confirmed that TFP alone effectively suppressed the T24/R xenograft in nude mice. TFP co-treatment enhanced the antitumor effect of cisplatin on the T24/R xenograft. Our results demonstrated that TFP effectively inhibited cisplatin-resistant UCs and circumvented cisplatin resistance with concurrent Bcl-xL downregulation. These findings provide a promising insight to develop a therapeutic strategy for chemoresistant UCs.
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194
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Mitochondria as playmakers of apoptosis, autophagy and senescence. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 98:139-153. [PMID: 31154010 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the key energy-producing organelles and cellular source of reactive species. They are responsible for managing cell life and death by a balanced homeostasis passing through a network of structures, regulated principally via fission and fusion. Herein we discuss about the most advanced findings considering mitochondria as dynamic biophysical systems playing compelling roles in the regulation of energy metabolism in both physiologic and pathologic processes controlling cell death and survival. Precisely, we focus on the mitochondrial commitment to the onset, maintenance and counteraction of apoptosis, autophagy and senescence in the bioenergetic reprogramming of cancer cells. In this context, looking for a pharmacological manipulation of cell death processes as a successful route for future targeted therapies, there is major biotechnological challenge in underlining the location, function and molecular mechanism of mitochondrial proteins. Based on the critical role of mitochondrial functions for cellular health, a better knowledge of the main molecular players in mitochondria disfunction could be decisive for the therapeutical control of degenerative diseases, including cancer.
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195
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Žigart N, Časar Z. A literature review of the patent publications on venetoclax - a selective Bcl-2 inhibitor: discovering the therapeutic potential of a novel chemotherapeutic agent. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 29:487-496. [PMID: 31154862 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1627327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies presented in patents show that a novel chemotherapeutic agent, venetoclax, might be useful in additional therapeutic indications. Venetoclax is approved in America for the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). Venetoclax selectively inhibits the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein, an anti-apoptotic protein that can be overexpressed in most B-cell lymphoid malignancies. AREAS COVERED This is a review of all the patents granted until November 2018, with venetoclax in the examples or claim section of the patent document. The patents include the synthesis, polymorphism, formulations, in vitro and in vivo efficacy as well as the therapeutic application of venetoclax. EXPERT OPINION The approved indications for treatment with venetoclax are limited but expanding rapidly. Studies suggest that venetoclax might be useful in several other therapeutic indications, mostly other hematological malignancies. Numerous studies use venetoclax in combinations with other therapeutic agents. Such combinational treatment shows promising results in additional indications as well as drug-resistant cancers. Venetoclax is an interesting new therapeutic involved in a variety of clinical research. Patent applications in recent years even include venetoclax in somewhat exotic fields such as type 1 diabetes, asthma, and Zika virus treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Žigart
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia.,b Analytics Department , Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Sandoz Development Center Slovenia , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Zdenko Časar
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia.,b Analytics Department , Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Sandoz Development Center Slovenia , Ljubljana , Slovenia
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196
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Combined inhibition of Bcl-2 and NFκB synergistically induces cell death in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Blood 2019; 134:445-455. [PMID: 31167801 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019001545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic options for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) are limited and curative treatment regimens are not available. Thus, new targeted and well-tolerated therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. In this respect, we have recently shown that dimethyl fumerate (DMF) inhibits NF-κB acting as a survival factor in CTCL. Similarly, inhibition of the antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) has been shown to induce cell death in CTCL especially when combined with histone deacetylase inhibitors. Therefore, we hypothesized that inhibition of Bcl-2 should potentiate NF-κB inhibition in a novel combination treatment of CTCL. We show that, in vitro, the Bcl-2 inhibitors ABT-199 and ABT-263 induced specific cell death in primary CD4+ cells from CTCL patients as well as in the CTCL cell line SeAx, but not in T cells of healthy donors nor in the CTCL cell line HH, which lacks Bcl-2. Combined treatment with ABT-199 and DMF caused synergistic cell death specifically in CTCL cells engaging 2 independent signaling pathways. To verify these findings in vivo, we performed combined ABT-199 and DMF treatment in a xenograft mouse model for CTCL. The combined treatment effectively reduced tumor growth and increased overall survival via synergistic induction of CTCL cell death and suppression of tumor cell proliferation. Essentially, the combination treatment was superior to ABT-199 monotherapy with respect to both efficacy and tolerability. To sum up, our data provide proof of principle for the therapeutic potential of combining Bcl-2 and NF-κB inhibitors in treating CTCL. Next, this potential should be explored further in a clinical study.
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197
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Azad F, Nejati V, Shalizar-Jalali A, Najafi G, Rahmani F. Antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of royal jelly against nicotine-induced testicular injury in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:708-718. [PMID: 30896085 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the effects of royal jelly (RJ) on testicular injury induced by nicotine (NIC) in mice. Thirty-six male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6). Group 1 received normal saline, group 2 received 100 mg/kgBW/day RJ, groups 3 and 4 received NIC at doses of 0.50 and 1.00 mg/kgBW/day, respectively, and groups 5 and 6 received NIC at doses of 0.50 and 1.00 mg/kg BW/day, respectively, plus RJ. Following 35 days, the serum level of testosterone, histopathological changes, germ cell apoptosis, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and antioxidant indexes including total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and catalase (CAT) activity were determined. In addition, the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis was investigated by assessing the Bcl-2, p53, and Caspase-3 mRNA levels expression by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Compared to NIC receiving groups, the concomitant administration of RJ could protect the testosterone reduction and histological damages. After RJ treatment, the level of tissue MDA content decreased, while tissue TAC and CAT levels were remarkably increased compared to NIC-exposed groups. Remarkable higher TUNEL-positive germ cells and low PCNA index were observed in NIC receiving groups. Besides, the expression level of Bcl-2 was significantly higher and the p53 and Caspase-3 levels were significantly lower in the RJ co-administration groups than NIC-only receiving groups. Our results confirmed that RJ effectively protects the testis against NIC evoked damages by antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects involving the up regulation of the antioxidant status, mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway prevention, and the proliferating activity improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnam Azad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Vahid Nejati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ali Shalizar-Jalali
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Najafi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahmani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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198
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He N, Liu P, Wang Z, Guo Z, Yan X, Chen H, Zhang Z. Discovery of selective Mcl-1 inhibitors via structure-based design and structure-activity relationship analysis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 512:921-926. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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199
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Bowman KR, Kim JH, Lim CS. Narrowing the field: cancer-specific promoters for mitochondrially-targeted p53-BH3 fusion gene therapy in ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2019; 12:38. [PMID: 31039796 PMCID: PMC6492428 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-019-0514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite years of research, the treatment options and mortality rate for ovarian cancer remain relatively stagnant. Resistance to chemotherapy and high heterogeneity in mutations contribute to ovarian cancer's lethality, including many mutations in tumor suppressor p53. Though wild type p53 gene therapy clinical trials failed in ovarian cancer, mitochondrially-targeted p53 fusion constructs, including a fusion with pro-apoptotic protein Bad, have shown much higher apoptotic potential than wild type p53 in vitro. Due to the inherent toxicities of mitochondrial apoptosis, cancer-specificity for the p53 fusion constructs must be developed. Cancer-specific promoters such as hTERT, hTC, Brms1, and Ran have shown promise in ovarian cancer. RESULTS Of five different lengths of hTERT promoter, the - 279/+ 5 length relative to the transcription start site showed the highest activity across a panel of ovarian cancer cells. In addition to - 279/+ 5, promoters hTC (an hTERT/CMV promoter hybrid), Brms1, and Ran were tested as drivers of mitochondrially-targeted p53-Bad and p53-Bad* fusion gene therapy constructs. p53-Bad* displayed cancer-specific killing in all ovarian cancer cell lines when driven by hTC, - 279/+ 5, or Brms1. CONCLUSIONS Cancer-specific promoters hTC, - 279/+ 5, and Brms1 all display promise in driving p53-Bad* gene therapy for treatment of ovarian cancer and should be moved forward into in vivo studies. -279/+ 5 displays lower expression levels in fewer cells, but greater cancer specificity, rendering it most useful for gene therapeutics with high toxicity to normal cells. hTC and Brms1 show higher transfection and expression levels with some cancer specificity, making them ideal for lowering toxicity in order to increase dose without as much of a reduction in the number of cancer cells expressing the gene construct. Having a variety of promoters available means that patient genetic testing can aid in choosing a promoter, thereby increasing cancer-specificity and giving patients with ovarian cancer a greater chance at survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ji Hoon Kim
- New York University, 31 Washington Pl, New York, NY 10003 USA
| | - Carol S. Lim
- University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E Room #301, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
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200
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Badr G, Zahran AM, Omar HM, Barsoum MA, Mahmoud MH. Camel Whey Protein Disrupts the Cross-Talk Between PI3K and BCL-2 Signals and Mediates Apoptosis in Primary Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Nutr Cancer 2019; 71:1040-1054. [PMID: 31017486 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1595054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the impact of camel whey protein (CWP) on the survival of primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells that were isolated from 20 patients diagnosed with AML. We found that CWP induced apoptosis in the primary AML cells without affecting the normal PBMCs that were isolated from healthy individuals, as determined by PI/annexin V double staining followed by flow-cytometry analysis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that these primary AML cells exhibited aberrant phosphorylation of AKT, mTOR and STAT3. Treatment of AML cells with CWP mediated significant reduction in the phosphorylation of AKT, mTOR and STAT3. Additionally, we demonstrated that blockade of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by wortmannin (WM) impaired the expression of Bcl-2 and BclXL in the primary AML cells, suggesting an essential cross-talk between PI3K and Bcl-2 that maintains the survival of AML cells. In this context, treatment of AML cells with CWP disrupted the PI3K/Bcl-2 cross-talk; significantly downregulated the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members Bcl-2 and BclXL; markedly upregulated the expression of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members Bak and Bax; and subsequently sensitized tumor cells to growth arrest. Our data revealed the therapeutic potential of CWP and the underlying mechanisms against leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Badr
- a Zoology Department, Faculty of Science , Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt.,b Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science , Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt.,c King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa M Zahran
- d Clinical Pathology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute , Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
| | - Hossam M Omar
- a Zoology Department, Faculty of Science , Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt.,e Laboratory of Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science , Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
| | - Martina A Barsoum
- a Zoology Department, Faculty of Science , Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt.,b Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science , Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt.,e Laboratory of Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science , Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Mahmoud
- f Deanship of Scientific Research , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia.,g Food Science and Nutrition Department , National Research Center , Cairo , Egypt
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