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Yang W, Duan H, Yu K, Hou S, Kang Y, Wang X, Hao J, Liu L, Zhang Y, Luo L, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Lan C, Wang N, Zhang X, Tang J, Zhao Q, Sun Z, Zhang X. Integrative Dissection of Lignin Composition in Tartary Buckwheat Seed Hulls for Enhanced Dehulling Efficiency. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2400916. [PMID: 38520733 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The rigid hull encasing Tartary buckwheat seeds necessitates a laborious dehulling process before flour milling, resulting in considerable nutrient loss. Investigation of lignin composition is pivotal in understanding the structural properties of tartary buckwheat seeds hulls, as lignin is key determinant of rigidity in plant cell walls, thus directly impacting the dehulling process. Here, the lignin composition of seed hulls from 274 Tartary buckwheat accessions is analyzed, unveiling a unique lignin chemotype primarily consisting of G lignin, a common feature in gymnosperms. Furthermore, the hardness of the seed hull showed a strong negative correlation with the S lignin content. Genome-wide detection of selective sweeps uncovered that genes governing the biosynthesis of S lignin, specifically two caffeic acid O-methyltransferases (COMTs) and one ferulate 5-hydroxylases, are selected during domestication. This likely contributed to the increased S lignin content and decreased hardness of seed hulls from more domesticated varieties. Genome-wide association studies identified robust associations between FtCOMT1 and the accumulation of S lignin in seed hull. Transgenic Arabidopsis comt1 plants expressing FtCOMT1 successfully reinstated S lignin content, confirming its conserved function across plant species. These findings provide valuable metabolic and genetic insights for the potential redesign of Tartary buckwheat seed hulls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Haiyang Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Ke Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Siyu Hou
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
- Houji Lab of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Yifan Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Jiongyu Hao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Longlong Liu
- Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Laifu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yunjun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Junli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Chen Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xuehai Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jihua Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Qiao Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhaoxia Sun
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
- Houji Lab of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
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Yang C, Song L, Wei K, Gao C, Wang D, Feng M, Zhang M, Wang C, Xiao L, Yang W, Song X. Study on Hyperspectral Monitoring Model of Total Flavonoids and Total Phenols in Tartary Buckwheat Grains. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071354. [PMID: 37048175 PMCID: PMC10093514 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat is a common functional food. Its grains are rich in flavonoids and phenols. The rapid measurement of flavonoids and phenols in buckwheat grains is of great significance in promoting the development of the buckwheat industry. This study, based on multiple scattering correction (MSC), standardized normal variate (SNV), reciprocal logarithm (Lg), first-order derivative (FD), second-order derivative (SD), and fractional-order derivative (FOD) preprocessing spectra, constructed hyperspectral monitoring models of total flavonoids content and total phenols content in tartary buckwheat grains. The results showed that SNV, Lg, FD, SD, and FOD preprocessing had different effects on the original spectral reflectance and that FOD can also reflect the change process from the original spectrum to the integer-order derivative spectrum. Compared with the original spectrum, MSC, SNV, Lg, FD, and SD transformation spectra can improve the correlation between spectral data and total flavonoids and total phenols in varying degrees, while the correlation between FOD spectra of different orders and total flavonoids and total phenols in grains was different. The monitoring models of total flavonoids and total phenols in grains based on MSC, SNV, Lg, FD, and SD transformation spectra achieved the best accuracy under SD and FD transformation, respectively. Therefore, this study further constructed monitoring models of total flavonoids and total phenols content in grains based on the FOD spectrum and achieved the best accuracy under 1.6 and 0.6 order derivative preprocessing, respectively. The R2c, RMSEc, R2v, RMSEv, and RPD were 0.8731, 0.1332, 0.8384, 0.1448, and 2.4475 for the total flavonoids model, and 0.8296, 0.2025, 0.6535, 0.1740, and 1.6713 for the total phenols model. The model can realize the rapid measurement of total flavonoids content and total phenols content in tartary buckwheat grains, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenbo Yang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Lifang Song
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Kunxi Wei
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Chunrui Gao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Danli Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Meichen Feng
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Meijun Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Lujie Xiao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Wude Yang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Xiaoyan Song
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
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Chen W, Zhang Z, Sun C. Differences in Carbon Sequestration Ability of Diverse Tartary Buckwheat Genotypes in Barren Soil Caused by Microbial Action. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:959. [PMID: 36673719 PMCID: PMC9858926 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20020959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Planting plants to increase soil carbon input has been widely used to achieve carbon neutrality goals. Tartary buckwheat not only has good barren tolerance but is also rich in nutrients and very suitable for planting in barren areas. However, the effects of different genotypes of Tartary buckwheat roots and rhizosphere microorganisms on soil carbon input are still unclear. In this study, ozone sterilization was used to distinguish the sources of soil organic acids and C-transforming enzymes, and the contribution of root and rhizosphere microorganisms to soil carbon storage during the growth period of two genotypes of tartary buckwheat was studied separately to screen suitable varieties. Through the analysis of the experimental results, the conclusions are as follows: (1) The roots of Diqing tartary buckwheat have stronger carbon sequestration ability in a barren environment than Heifeng, and the microorganisms in Diqing tartary buckwheat soil will also increase soil carbon input. Therefore, Diqing tartary buckwheat is more suitable for carbon sequestration than Heifeng tartary buckwheat in barren soil areas. (2) In the absence of microorganisms, the rhizosphere soil of tartary buckwheat can regulate the storage of soil organic carbon by secreting extracellular enzymes and organic acids. (3) The structural equation model showed that to promote carbon sequestration, Heifeng tartary buckwheat needed to inhibit microbial action when planted in the barren area of Loess Plateau, while Diqing tartary buckwheat needed to use microbial-promoting agents. Adaptive strategies should focus more on cultivar selection to retain carbon in soil and to assure the tolerance of fineness in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- School of Geographical Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
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Wang D, Yang T, Li Y, Deng F, Dong S, Li W, He Y, Zhang J, Zou L. Light Intensity-A Key Factor Affecting Flavonoid Content and Expression of Key Enzyme Genes of Flavonoid Synthesis in Tartary Buckwheat. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:2165. [PMID: 36015468 PMCID: PMC9415826 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat, a polygonaceae family plant, is rich in abundant flavonoids, high-quality protein, and well-balanced essential amino acids. This study aimed to investigate the effects of climatic variables on the quality of Tartary buckwheat. In this study, six distinct types of Tartary buckwheat collected from the Sichuan Basin, Western Sichuan Plateau, and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in southwest China were chosen to investigate the impact of climatic conditions from the grain-filling stage to the harvest stage on the concentration of flavonoids and expression of key enzyme genes involved the synthesis of flavonoids. Meteorological data of three producing areas were collected from the China Meteorological Network, mainly including maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), diurnal temperature difference (Tdif), and light intensity. Then, the contents of rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutin glycoside, quercetin, and kaempferol in 30 batches of Tartary buckwheat from 6 varieties including Chuanqiao No. 1, Chuanqiao No. 2, Xiqiao No. 1, Xiqiao No. 2, Miqiao No. 1 and Di ku were determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Furthermore, the expression levels of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), 4-coumaric acid coenzyme A ligase (4CL), and anthocyanin synthase (ANS) in six kinds of Tartary buckwheat were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The seed photos were processed by ImageJ processing software. The partial least squares method was used to analyze the correlation. As a result, light intensity can promote the accumulation of flavonoids and the expression of key enzyme genes. Miqiao No. 1, which grows in Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province, has the highest light intensity and is the dominant variety with flavonoid content. More importantly, the expression levels of PAL and 4CL in the secondary metabolic pathway of flavonoids were positively correlated with the content of Tartary buckwheat flavonoids. Interestingly, the expression level of ANS was negatively correlated with the content of PAL, 4CL, and flavonoids. In addition, ANS is a key gene affecting the seed coat color of Tartary buckwheat. The higher the expression of ANS, the darker the seed coat color. These findings provide a theoretical basis and reference for the breeding of fine buckwheat varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yangqian Li
- Asset and Laboratory Management Department, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Fang Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shuai Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yueyue He
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
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Suzuki T, Morishita T, Takigawa S, Noda T, Ishiguro K, Otsuka S. Development of Novel Detection Method for Rutinosidase in Tartary Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.). Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:320. [PMID: 35161301 PMCID: PMC8839646 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of rutinosidase is a major problem for rutin-rich food due to the hydrolysis of the functional compound rutin and generation of strong bitterness caused by the hydrolyzed moiety quercetin. This problem sometimes occurs between the trace and normal rutinosidase Tartary buckwheat varieties. Here, we developed a simple and rapid method for rutinosidase detection in 'ripening seeds using UV light' and in 'dough using alum-flavonoid complexation' from Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.). Normal rutinosidase seeds can be distinguished from trace-rutinosidase mature seeds and ripening young seeds using a rutin solution by comparing the muddiness, which corresponds to quercetin generation. In dough, we detected a threefold relative increase in rutinosidase activity corresponding to 1% contamination of normal rutinosidase flour with trace-rutinosidase flour within 65 min. These methods do not require expensive apparatuses and toxic chemicals and are therefore promising for detecting and preventing contamination by rutinosidase, e.g., in food processing factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Suzuki
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Suya 2421, Koshi, Kumamoto 861-1192, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Morishita
- Radiation Breeding Division, Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2425 Kamimurata, Hitachiomiya, Ibaraki 319-2293, Japan;
| | - Shigenobu Takigawa
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Hokkaido, Sapporo 062-8555, Japan;
| | - Takahiro Noda
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Shinsei, Memuro, Hokkaido, Kasai-Gun 082-0081, Japan; (T.N.); (K.I.); (S.O.)
| | - Koji Ishiguro
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Shinsei, Memuro, Hokkaido, Kasai-Gun 082-0081, Japan; (T.N.); (K.I.); (S.O.)
| | - Shiori Otsuka
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Shinsei, Memuro, Hokkaido, Kasai-Gun 082-0081, Japan; (T.N.); (K.I.); (S.O.)
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Appiani M, Rabitti NS, Proserpio C, Pagliarini E, Laureati M. Tartary Buckwheat: A New Plant-Based Ingredient to Enrich Corn-Based Gluten-Free Formulations. Foods 2021; 10:2613. [PMID: 34828896 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat is a pseudocereal receiving increasing attention as a minor crop interesting for agrobiodiversity conservation and sustainability. It is rich in bioactive substances which, however, may lead to sensory properties undesirable to the consumer, such as bitterness and astringency. The aim was to evaluate consumers' perception and overall liking of food products enriched with tartary or common buckwheat. A total of 120 consumers (56% women) aged 20-60 years (mean age ± SD: 38.8 ± 13.0 years) evaluated six samples of a corn-based gluten-free formulation enriched by increasing concentrations (20%, 30%, 40%) of either common (CB) or tartary buckwheat (TB) flour for overall liking and appropriateness of sensory properties. Results showed significant differences (p < 0.0001) in liking among samples. Considering all subjects, liking decreased with the increase of tartary buckwheat additions, although TB20 and TB30 samples were well accepted and comparable to all CB samples. TB40 was the least liked product. Two clusters of consumers showing opposite behaviours according to liking were found. One cluster (30%) showed an increased liking with the increasing amount of tartary buckwheat. These results show that by keeping the concentration of tartary buckwheat up to 30%, it is possible to develop new products accepted by consumers.
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Shi J, Tong G, Yang Q, Huang M, Ye H, Liu Y, Wu J, Zhang J, Sun X, Zhao D. Characterization of Key Aroma Compounds in Tartary Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) by Means of Sensory-Directed Flavor Analysis. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:11361-11371. [PMID: 34530609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The key odorants of tartary buckwheat (TB) were researched by a sensory-directed flavor analysis approach for the first time. After the volatiles of TB were isolated by solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE), 49 aroma-active components with flavor dilution (FD) factors in the range of 1-2187 were identified using gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS) combined with aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). Geranylacetone, phenethyl alcohol, and β-damascone showed the highest FD factors of 2187. All 49 odorants were further quantitated by the internal standard curve method, and their odor activity values (OAVs) were obtained. The overall aroma of TB was successfully simulated (similarity > 98.16%) by mixing 16 odorants (OAV ≥ 1) with their natural concentrations. The omission tests revealed that geosmin, α-isomethylionone, α-methylionone, β-ionone, linalool, β-damascone, geranylacetone, guaiacol, ethyl hexanoate, geraniol, vanillin, tetrahydrolinalool, and 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3-(2H)-furanone were the key odorants of TB. Chiral analysis showed that tetrahydrolinalool and linalool existed as racemics in the commercial TB. The relative content of R-enantiomers of α-isomethylionone and α-methylionone was slightly higher than that of their S-enantiomers. The odor thresholds of R- and S-enantiomer of tetrahydrolinalool were first detected as 0.029 and 3.8 μg/L in air, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | | | - Qiang Yang
- Jingpai Co. Ltd., Huangshi, Hubei 435000, China
| | - Mingquan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hong Ye
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yuancai Liu
- Jingpai Co. Ltd., Huangshi, Hubei 435000, China
| | - Jihong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jinglin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiaotao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Dongrui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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Ikari S, Yang Q, Lu SL, Liu Y, Hao F, Tong G, Lu S, Noda T. Quercetin in Tartary Buckwheat Induces Autophagy against Protein Aggregations. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081217. [PMID: 34439466 PMCID: PMC8388858 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat is used as an ingredient in flour and tea, as well as in traditional Chinese medicine for its antioxidant effects. Here, we found that an ethanol extract of tartary buckwheat (TBE) potently induced autophagy flux in HeLa cells by suppressing mTORC1 activity, as revealed by dephosphorylation of the mTORC1 substrates Ulk1, S6K, and 4EBP, as well as by the nuclear translocation of transcriptional factor EB. In addition to non-selective bulk autophagy, TBE also induced aggrephagy, which is defined as autophagy against aggregated proteins. Quercetin is a flavonol found at high levels in TBE. We showed that quercetin induced both non-selective bulk autophagy and aggrephagy. These effects were also observed in Huh-7 cells derived from hepatocytes. Thus, aggrephagy induction by TBE and quercetin may relieve alcoholic hepatitis, which is closely linked to the accumulation of protein aggregations called Mallory–Denk bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiko Ikari
- Center for Frontier of Oral Sciences, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 5650871, Japan; (S.I.); (S.-L.L.); (F.H.)
| | - Qiang Yang
- Hubei Provincial Key Lab for Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Daye 435100, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shiou-Ling Lu
- Center for Frontier of Oral Sciences, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 5650871, Japan; (S.I.); (S.-L.L.); (F.H.)
| | - Yuancai Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Lab for Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Daye 435100, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Feike Hao
- Center for Frontier of Oral Sciences, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 5650871, Japan; (S.I.); (S.-L.L.); (F.H.)
| | - Guoqiang Tong
- Jing Brand Company, Ltd., Daye 435100, China; (G.T.); (S.L.)
| | - Shiguang Lu
- Jing Brand Company, Ltd., Daye 435100, China; (G.T.); (S.L.)
| | - Takeshi Noda
- Center for Frontier of Oral Sciences, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 5650871, Japan; (S.I.); (S.-L.L.); (F.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-6879-2976
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Wu W, Li Z, Qin F, Qiu J. Anti-diabetic effects of the soluble dietary fiber from tartary buckwheat bran in diabetic mice and their potential mechanisms. Food Nutr Res 2021; 65:4998. [PMID: 33613154 PMCID: PMC7869439 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v65.4998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tartary buckwheat has beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the physiological effects of a soluble dietary fiber (SDF) from tartary buckwheat have rarely been studied, especially in vivo. Objective This study aimed to examine the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of SDF from tartary buckwheat bran on high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Design The SDF of tartary buckwheat bran was collected according to the Association of Official Analytical Chemists method 991.43. Diabetic mice were treated with high-fat diets supplemented with 0.5, 1, and 2% SDF for 8 weeks. Parameters related to glucose and lipid metabolism and relevant mechanisms, including the excretion of short-chain fatty acids and the glycemic signaling pathway in the liver, were investigated. In addition, the structural characterization of a purified polysaccharide from SDF of tartary buckwheat bran was illustrated. Result Supplementation with SDF in the diet resulted in reduced levels of fasting blood glucose, improved oral glucose tolerance, increased levels of liver glycogen and insulin, as well as improved lipid profiles in both the serum and liver, in diabetic mice. The amelioration of glucose and lipid metabolism by SDF was accompanied by an increase in the short-chain fatty acid levels in the cecum and co-regulated by hepatic adenosine-5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation. A neutral tartary buckwheat polysaccharide with an average molecular weight of 19.6 kDa was purified from the SDF, which consisted mainly of glucose with α-glycosidic bonds. Conclusions The SDF of tartary buckwheat bran exhibits hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects in diabetic mice, contributing to the anti-diabetic mechanisms of tartary buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Wu
- Department of Public Health and Medical Technology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zaigui Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Qin
- Department of Public Health and Medical Technology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ju Qiu
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haidian, Beijing, China
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10
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Jeon J, Baek SA, Kim NS, Sathasivam R, Park JS, Kim JK, Park SU. Elevated Ozone Levels Affect Metabolites and Related Biosynthetic Genes in Tartary Buckwheat. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:14758-14767. [PMID: 33264023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change and the industrial revolution have increased the concentration of tropospheric ozone, a photochemical air pollutant that can negatively affect plant growth and crop production. In the present study, we investigated the effects of O3 on the metabolites and transcripts of tartary buckwheat. A total of 36 metabolites were identified by gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and principal component analysis was performed to verify the metabolic differences between nontreated and O3-treated tartary buckwheat. The content of threonic acid increased after 2 days of the O3 treatment, whereas it decreased after 4 days of exposure, after which it gradually increased until the eighth day of exposure. In addition, the levels of most metabolites decreased significantly after the O3 treatment. On the contrary, the levels of two anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, increased more than 11.36- and 11.43-fold, respectively, after the O3 treatment. To assess the effect of O3 on the genomic level, we analyzed the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway genes in O3-treated and nontreated buckwheat using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We found that the expression of all anthocyanin pathway genes increased significantly in the O3-treated buckwheat compared to that in the nontreated buckwheat. Altogether, our results suggested that O3 affected the transcripts and metabolites of tartary buckwheat, which would eventually cause phenotypic changes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Jeon
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Seung-A Baek
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Nam Su Kim
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Ramaraj Sathasivam
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jong Seok Park
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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11
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Zhou Y, Wei Y, Yan B, Zhao S, Zhou X. Regulation of tartary buckwheat-resistant starch on intestinal microflora in mice fed with high-fat diet. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:3243-3251. [PMID: 32724589 PMCID: PMC7382121 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistant starch (RS) is closely related to the composition of intestinal flora. Based on many studies on the physiological functions of probiotics and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), it is possible that RS can improve the intestinal health of the host. Therefore, we speculated that tartary buckwheat-resistant starch (TBRS) can also regulate the intestinal flora disorder caused by high-fat diet. We randomly divided 36 SPF C57BL/6J mice into low-fat diet, high-fat diet (HF-CS), high-fat diet supplemented with TBRS (HF-BRS), and high-fat diet supplemented with corn-resistant starch (HF-CRS). We analyzed the diversity and richness of gut microbiota based on PCR and Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. In community abundance, the HF-BRS group was significantly higher than the other three groups (p < .05). TBRS improved the gut microbiota dysbiosis, including decreasing the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratios (F/B) and contributing to the growth of Bacteroides and Blautia as well significantly inhibiting the growth of Bifidobacterium, Faecalibaculum, and Erysipelatoclostridium. We also analyzed the production of SCFAs by GC-MS, and the concentration of total SCFAs increased in the HF-CS group. However, TBRS significantly increased the production of SCFAs, especially the propionate concentration compared with the HF-CRS group (p < .05). These results elucidated that TBRS has the potential to improve intestinal health by altering the structure of gut microbiota and increasing the production of SCFAs. Our findings have important implications for TBRS as functional food ingredient to manipulate intestinal microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhou
- Department of School of Perfume and Aroma TechnologyShanghai Institute of TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Yun Wei
- Department of School of Perfume and Aroma TechnologyShanghai Institute of TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Beibei Yan
- Department of School of Perfume and Aroma TechnologyShanghai Institute of TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Shen Zhao
- Department of School of Perfume and Aroma TechnologyShanghai Institute of TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoli Zhou
- Department of School of Perfume and Aroma TechnologyShanghai Institute of TechnologyShanghaiChina
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12
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Hossain MS, Li J, Sikdar A, Hasanuzzaman M, Uzizerimana F, Muhammad I, Yuan Y, Zhang C, Wang C, Feng B. Exogenous Melatonin Modulates the Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms of Drought Tolerance in Tartary Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn). Molecules 2020; 25:E2828. [PMID: 32570970 PMCID: PMC7355475 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat is one of the nutritious minor cereals and is grown in high-cold mountainous areas of arid and semi-arid zones where drought is a common phenomenon, potentially reducing the growth and yield. Melatonin, which is an amphiphilic low molecular weight compound, has been proven to exert significant effects in plants, under abiotic stresses, but its role in the Tartary buckwheat under drought stress remains unexplored. We evaluated the influence of melatonin supplementation on plant morphology and different physiological activities, to enhance tolerance to posed drought stress by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and alleviating lipid peroxidation. Drought stress decreased the plant growth and biomass production compared to the control. Drought also decreased Chl a, b, and the Fv/Fm ratio by 54%, 70%, and 8%, respectively, which was associated with the disorganized stomatal properties. Under drought stress, H2O2, O2•-, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents increased by 2.30, 2.43, and 2.22-folds, respectively, which caused oxidative stress. In contrast, proline and soluble sugar content were increased by 84% and 39%, respectively. However, exogenous melatonin (100 µM) could improve plant growth by preventing ROS-induced oxidative damage by increasing photosynthesis, enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase), secondary metabolites like phenylalanine ammonialyase, phenolics, and flavonoids, total antioxidant scavenging (free radical DPPH scavenging), and maintaining relative water content and osmoregulation substances under water stress. Therefore, our study suggested that exogenous melatonin could accelerate drought resistance by enhancing photosynthesis and antioxidant defense in Tartary buckwheat plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Shakhawat Hossain
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; (M.S.H.); (J.L.); (F.U.); (I.M.); (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Jing Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; (M.S.H.); (J.L.); (F.U.); (I.M.); (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Ashim Sikdar
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
- Department of Agroforestry and Environmental Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
| | - Ferdinand Uzizerimana
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; (M.S.H.); (J.L.); (F.U.); (I.M.); (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Izhar Muhammad
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; (M.S.H.); (J.L.); (F.U.); (I.M.); (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Yuhao Yuan
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; (M.S.H.); (J.L.); (F.U.); (I.M.); (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Chengjin Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; (M.S.H.); (J.L.); (F.U.); (I.M.); (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Chenyang Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; (M.S.H.); (J.L.); (F.U.); (I.M.); (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Baili Feng
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; (M.S.H.); (J.L.); (F.U.); (I.M.); (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (C.W.)
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Li Q, Zhao H, Wang X, Kang J, Lv B, Dong Q, Li C, Chen H, Wu Q. Tartary Buckwheat Transcription Factor FtbZIP5, Regulated by FtSnRK2.6, Can Improve Salt/Drought Resistance in Transgenic Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1123. [PMID: 32046219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
bZIP transcription factors have been reported to be involved in many different biological processes in plants. The ABA (abscisic acid)-dependent AREB/ABF-SnRK2 pathway has been shown to play a key role in the response to osmotic stress in model plants. In this study, a novel bZIP gene, FtbZIP5, was isolated from tartary buckwheat, and its role in the response to drought and salt stress was characterized by transgenic Arabidopsis. We found that FtbZIP5 has transcriptional activation activity, which is located in the nucleus and specifically binds to ABRE elements. It can be induced by exposure to PEG6000, salt and ABA in tartary buckwheat. The ectopic expression of FtbZIP5 reduced the sensitivity of transgenic plants to drought and high salt levels and reduced the oxidative damage in plants by regulating the antioxidant system at a physiological level. In addition, we found that, under drought and salt stress, the expression levels of several ABA-dependent stress response genes (RD29A, RD29B, RAB18, RD26, RD20 and COR15) in the transgenic plants increased significantly compared with their expression levels in the wild type plants. Ectopic expression of FtbZIP5 in Arabidopsis can partially complement the function of the ABA-insensitive mutant abi5-1 (abscisic acid-insensitive 5-1). Moreover, we screened FtSnRK2.6, which might phosphorylate FtbZIP5, in a yeast two-hybrid experiment. Taken together, these results suggest that FtbZIP5, as a positive regulator, mediates plant tolerance to salt and drought through ABA-dependent signaling pathways.
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14
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Peng L, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Yao Z, Song P, Wei L, Zhao G, Yan Z. Effect of tartary buckwheat, rutin, and quercetin on lipid metabolism in rats during high dietary fat intake. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:199-213. [PMID: 31993146 PMCID: PMC6977491 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat is rich in flavonoids. However, the health-promoting effect of these flavonoids has not been adequately studied. In the present study, we investigated the impact of rutin, quercetin, and Tartary buckwheat on the lipid metabolism of rats on a high-fat diet. Quercetin could significantly reduce body weight, serum triacylglycerol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TNF-α, insulin, and ameliorate glucose tolerance. It was surprising that Tartary buckwheat significantly increased the weight of the rats. Rutin, quercetin, and Tartary buckwheat tended to decreased fat deposition in the liver of rats but have little effect on short-chain fatty acid production. The changes in the structure and diversity of the microbiota were found to be modulated by these diets. It was concluded that quercetin could attenuate high-fat diet-induced obesity, rutin, quercetin, and Tartary buckwheat can shape the specific structure of gut microbiota. Mechanism of Tartary buckwheat on lipid metabolism needs further systematic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianxin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChengdu UniversityChengduChina
- Pharmacy CollegeChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Qu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChengdu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChengdu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhendong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChengdu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Panpan Song
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChengdu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lijuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChengdu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Gang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChengdu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhuyun Yan
- Pharmacy CollegeChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
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15
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Li H, Lv Q, Ma C, Qu J, Cai F, Deng J, Huang J, Ran P, Shi T, Chen Q. Metabolite Profiling and Transcriptome Analyses Provide Insights into the Flavonoid Biosynthesis in the Developing Seed of Tartary Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricum). J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:11262-11276. [PMID: 31509416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) seeds are rich in flavonoids. However, the detailed flavonoid compositions and the molecular basis of flavonoid biosynthesis in tartary buckwheat seeds remain largely unclear. Here, we performed a combined metabolite profiling and transcriptome analysis to identify flavonoid compositions and characterize genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in the developing tartary buckwheat seeds. In total, 234 flavonoids, including 10 isoflavones, were identified. Of these, 80 flavonoids were significantly differential accumulation during seed development. Transcriptome analysis indicated that most structural genes and some potential regulatory genes of flavonoid biosynthesis were significantly differentially expressed in the course of seed development. Correlation analysis between transcriptome and metabolite profiling shown that the expression patterns of some differentially expressed structural genes and regulatory genes were more consistent with the changes in flavonoids profiles during seed development and promoted one SG7 subgroup R2R3-MYB transcription factors (FtPinG0009153900.01) was identified as the key regulatory gene of flavonoid biosynthesis. These findings provide valuable information for understanding the mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis in tartary buckwheat seeds and the further development of tartary buckwheat health products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyou Li
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology , Guizhou Normal University , Guiyang 550001 , China
| | - Qiuyu Lv
- School of Big Data and Computer Science , Guizhou Normal University , Guiyang 550025 , China
| | - Chao Ma
- College of Agriculture , Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang 471023 , China
| | - Jingtao Qu
- Maize Research Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130 , China
| | - Fang Cai
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology , Guizhou Normal University , Guiyang 550001 , China
| | - Jiao Deng
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology , Guizhou Normal University , Guiyang 550001 , China
| | - Juan Huang
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology , Guizhou Normal University , Guiyang 550001 , China
| | - Pan Ran
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology , Guizhou Normal University , Guiyang 550001 , China
| | - Taoxiong Shi
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology , Guizhou Normal University , Guiyang 550001 , China
| | - Qingfu Chen
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology , Guizhou Normal University , Guiyang 550001 , China
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16
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Liu Y, Cai C, Yao Y, Xu B. Alteration of phenolic profiles and antioxidant capacities of common buckwheat and tartary buckwheat produced in China upon thermal processing. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:5565-5576. [PMID: 31152448 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Buckwheat products are receiving increasing attention because of their high nutritive values and significant health-promoting properties. In the present study, 15 buckwheat products grown in different parts of China were investigated. Representative common or tartary buckwheat samples were further subjected to soaking, roasting, microwave cooking, boiling and steaming treatments. Colorimetric analyses and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses were performed to determine the phenolic profiles and antioxidant capacities of the raw and thermally processed buckwheat samples, respectively. RESULTS Tartary buckwheat exhibited a remarkably higher total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) compared to common buckwheat, although there were no significant differences between their 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging capacity. All thermal treatments, particularly microwave cooking, contributed to the greatest losses of phenolics and antioxidant capacities in the common buckwheat samples, whereas boiling and steaming usually resulted in the lowest losses. For the tartary buckwheat samples, all thermal treatments (except roasting), especially boiling and steaming, led to significant increases in TPC, TFC, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, FRAP and ABTS free radical scavenging capacity. However, HPLC analyses indicated that all thermal treatments, especially microwave cooking, gave rise to the greatest losses of the total content of 14 phenolic acids and three flavonoids, whereas boiling led to the lowest losses. CONCLUSION Both steaming and boiling treatments are recommended when preparing common or tartary buckwheat food products because they can minimize thermal degradation or promote their phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacities to the greatest extent. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Liu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China
| | - Chunzhi Cai
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yiliang Yao
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China
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Zhou XL, Chen ZD, Zhou YM, Shi RH, Li ZJ. The Effect of Tartary Buckwheat Flavonoids in Inhibiting the Proliferation of MGC80-3 Cells during Seed Germination. Molecules 2019; 24:E3092. [PMID: 31454945 PMCID: PMC6749336 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn) is rich in functional compounds such as rutin, quercetin, d-chiro-inositol, dietary fiber, and essential amino acids. Electric field (EF) treatment before sprout germination results in physiological and chemical changes, and some alterations might lead to positive applications in plant seeds. MTT assay showed that the effect of total flavonoids on human gastric cancer cell line MGC80-3 was significantly changed after EF treatment for different germination days (3-7 days). Among them, the total flavonoids of tartary buckwheat (BWTF) on the third day had the most obvious inhibitory effect on MGC80-3 (p < 0.01). In addition, flow cytometry evidenced that different ratios of quercetin and rutin had effects on the proliferation of MGC80-3. The same content of quercetin and rutin had the best effect, reaching 6.18 ± 0.82%. The anti-cancer mechanism was mainly promoted by promoting the expression of apoptotic proteins. The expression of Bax/Bcl-2 and caspase-8 in MGC80-3 cells was mediated by BWTFs. This study has good research value for improving the biological and economic value of tartary buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Zhou
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Zhi-Dong Chen
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhou
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Rong-Hua Shi
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Zong-Jie Li
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
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18
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Yang X, Zhou Y, Wang B, Wang F, Han P, Li L. Tartary Buckwheat Extract and Chitosan Coated Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) Fillets Determine Their Shelf Life. J Food Sci 2019; 84:1288-1296. [PMID: 31120570 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The preservation effects of tartary buckwheat extract (T) and chitosan (C) coatings on the physicochemical (pH value, thiobarbituric acid value, Peroxide value (PV), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), K value, surface color and the texture profiles), bacteriological (total viable counts (TVC) and psychrotrophic bacteria counts (PBC)), and sensory characteristics of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets storage at 0 °C for 18 days were evaluated. The fillets coated with 0.5% T + 1.0% C, 1.0% T + 1.0% C and 1.5% T + 1.0% C maintained better quality and had longer shelf life with respect to samples coated with chitosan alone and the control. Base on the limit values of TVB-N, K value, TVC and sensory preference scores, the shelf life of control fillets was 6 days. By contrast, shelf life of 9 days for 0.5% T + 1.0% C-coated fillets, 12 days for 1.0% T + 1.0% C treated-fillets, and 15 days for 1.5% T + 1.0% C-treated fillets were obtained. Therefore, TBE combined with chitosan coatings have the potential to extend the shelf life of tilapia fillets during storage at 0 °C. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study provides basic theory regarding the application of TBE to fish preservation. The edible coating of TBE combined with chitosan has potential use in developing activity food preservation coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilian Yang
- Yunnan Inst. of Food Safety, Kunming Univ. of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yuhui Zhou
- Yunnan Inst. of Food Safety, Kunming Univ. of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ., Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Fengping Wang
- Yunnan Inst. of Food Safety, Kunming Univ. of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Peng Han
- Yunnan Inst. of Food Safety, Kunming Univ. of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lirong Li
- Yunnan Inst. of Food Safety, Kunming Univ. of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
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19
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Wang J, Xiao J, Liu X, Geng F, Huang Q, Zhao J, Xiang D, Zhao G. Analysis of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) seed proteome using offline two-dimensional liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12863. [PMID: 31353746 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The whole seed of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) is considered as a healthy and functional food, which is rich in kinds of flavonoids and with potential antioxidant effect. An in-depth analysis of tartary buckwheat seed (TBS) proteome was performed using a shotgun proteomics strategy. Total protein of TBS was extracted and digested, then the peptides were separated by offline two-dimensional liquid chromatography and identified by tandem mass spectrometry. Total of 3,363 high-confidence proteins were identified from 13,730 matched peptides, in which, 2,499 proteins were annotated by the Gene Ontology (GO) analysis with 1,720 involved in "biological process," 2,241 in "molecular function," and 693 in "cellular components." Based on the GO functional enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment results, buckwheat seed proteins were mostly enriched in metabolism of nucleic acid, respiration and energy metabolism, as well as synthesis and metabolism of protein. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study characterized the tartary buckwheat seed proteome on a scale of 3,000+ proteins and provide important information and clues for future research, especially in the mechanism of seed germination, nutrient composition changes, and metabolite production seed germination and material metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Fang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Qun Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jianglin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Dabing Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, P.R. China
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20
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Li J, Yang P, Yang Q, Gong X, Ma H, Dang K, Chen G, Gao X, Feng B. Analysis of Flavonoid Metabolites in Buckwheat Leaves Using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Molecules 2019; 24:E1310. [PMID: 30987158 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids from plants are particularly important in our diet. Buckwheat is a special crop that is rich in flavonoids. In this study, four important buckwheat varieties, including one tartary buckwheat and three common buckwheat varieties, were selected as experimental materials. The total flavonoid content of leaves from red-flowered common buckwheat was the highest, followed by tartary buckwheat leaves. A total of 182 flavonoid metabolites (including 53 flavone, 37 flavonol, 32 flavone C-glycosides, 24 flavanone, 18 anthocyanins, 7 isoflavone, 6 flavonolignan, and 5 proanthocyanidins) were identified based on Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography–Electrospray Ionization–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) system. Through clustering analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal signal correction and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), different samples were clearly separated. Considerable differences were observed in the flavonoid metabolites between tartary buckwheat leaves and common buckwheat leaves, and both displayed unique metabolites with important biological functions. This study provides new insights into the differences of flavonoid metabolites between tartary buckwheat and common buckwheat leaves and provides theoretical basis for the sufficient utilization of buckwheat.
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21
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Zhang D, Jiang C, Huang C, Wen D, Lu J, Chen S, Zhang T, Shi Y, Xue J, Ma W, Xiang L, Sun W, Chen S. The light-induced transcription factor FtMYB116 promotes accumulation of rutin in Fagopyrum tataricum. Plant Cell Environ 2019; 42:1340-1351. [PMID: 30375656 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) not only provides a supplement to primary grain crops in China but also has high medicinal value, by virtue of its rich content of flavonoids possessing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Light is an important environmental factor that can regulate the synthesis of plant secondary metabolites. In this study, we treated tartary buckwheat seedlings with different wavelengths of light and found that red and blue light could increase the content of flavonoids and the expression of genes involved in flavonoid synthesis pathways. Through coexpression analysis, we identified a new MYB transcription factor (FtMYB116) that can be induced by red and blue light. Yeast one-hybrid assays and an electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that FtMYB116 binds directly to the promoter region of flavonoid-3'-hydroxylase (F3'H), and a transient luciferase activity assay indicated that FtMYB116 can induce F3'H expression. After transforming FtMYB116 into the hairy roots of tartary buckwheat, we observed significant increases in the content of rutin and quercetin. Collectively, our results indicate that red and blue light promote an increase in flavonoid content in tartary buckwheat seedlings; we also identified a new MYB transcription factor, FtMYB116, that promotes the accumulation of rutin via direct activation of F3'H expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunli Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Chenhao Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Dong Wen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jiangnan Lu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sha Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyuan Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhua Shi
- Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Xue
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Wei Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shilin Chen
- Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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22
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Song C, Ma C, Xiang D. Variations in Accumulation of Lignin and Cellulose and Metabolic Changes in Seed Hull Provide Insight into Dehulling Characteristic of Tartary Buckwheat Seeds. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E524. [PMID: 30691178 PMCID: PMC6387337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) is considered a profitable crop that possesses medicinal properties, because of its flavonoid compounds. However, the dehulling issue is becoming the bottleneck for consumption of Tartary buckwheat seed. In this study, we investigated the relation between dehulling efficiency and content of lignin and cellulose in the seed hull. Moreover, the untargeted metabolomics analysis, including partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and principal component analysis (PCA), were performed to examine the pattern of metabolic changes in the hull of Tartary buckwheat seeds, XQ 1 and MQ 1, during seed development using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In mature seed hull the accumulation of highest lignin and lowest cellulose were observed in the hull of MQ 1 seed, a dehulling-friendly variety with highest dehulling efficiency (93%), than that in other dehulling recalcitrant varieties, such as XQ 1 with a range of dehulling efficiency from 2% to 6%. During seed development, the total content of lignin and cellulose increased. MQ 1 and XQ 1 displayed a similar trend in the change of lignin and cellulose that the content was decreased in lignin and increased in cellulose. PCA result showed the metabolic differentiations between MQ 1 and XQ 1 during seed development. The results of our study suggest the compensatory regulation of lignin and cellulose deposition in the hull of mature and developing seed, and deviation of MQ 1 from the ratio of lignin to cellulose of other dehulling recalcitrant varieties may have been a contributing factor that resulted in the dehulling differentia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Song
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands (FAAB), The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer 84990, Israel.
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
| | - Chengrui Ma
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
| | - Dabing Xiang
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610106, China.
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23
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Liu M, Ma Z, Wang A, Zheng T, Huang L, Sun W, Zhang Y, Jin W, Zhan J, Cai Y, Tang Y, Wu Q, Tang Z, Bu T, Li C, Chen H. Genome-Wide Investigation of the Auxin Response Factor Gene Family in Tartary Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricum). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113526. [PMID: 30423920 PMCID: PMC6274889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin signaling plays an important role in plant growth and development. It responds to various developmental and environmental events, such as embryogenesis, organogenesis, shoot elongation, tropical growth, lateral root formation, flower and fruit development, tissue and organ architecture, and vascular differentiation. However, there has been little research on the Auxin Response Factor (ARF) genes of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum), an important edible and medicinal crop. The recent publication of the whole-genome sequence of tartary buckwheat enables us to study the tissue and expression profile of the FtARF gene on a genome-wide basis. In this study, 20 ARF (FtARF) genes were identified and renamed according to the chromosomal distribution of the FtARF genes. The results showed that the FtARF genes belonged to the related sister pair, and the chromosomal map showed that the duplication of FtARFs was related to the duplication of the chromosome blocks. The duplication of some FtARF genes shows conserved intron/exon structure, which is different from other genes, suggesting that the function of these genes may be diverse. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis exhibited distinct expression patterns of FtARF genes in various tissues and in response to exogenous auxin during fruit development. In this study, 20 FtARF genes were identified, and the structure, evolution, and expression patterns of the proteins were studied. This systematic analysis laid a foundation for the further study of the functional characteristics of the ARF genes and for the improvement of tartary buckwheat crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyang Liu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Zhaotang Ma
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Anhu Wang
- College of Agricultural Science, Xichang University, Xichang 615000, China.
| | - Tianrun Zheng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Li Huang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Wenjun Sun
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Weiqiong Jin
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Junyi Zhan
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Yuntao Cai
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Yujia Tang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Qi Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Zizhong Tang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Tongliang Bu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Chenglei Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
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24
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Liu M, Ma Z, Zheng T, Sun W, Zhang Y, Jin W, Zhan J, Cai Y, Tang Y, Wu Q, Tang Z, Bu T, Li C, Chen H. Insights into the correlation between Physiological changes in and seed development of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.). BMC Genomics 2018; 19:648. [PMID: 30170551 PMCID: PMC6119279 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) is a widely cultivated medicinal and edible crop with excellent economic and nutritional value. The development of tartary buckwheat seeds is a very complex process involving many expression-dependent physiological changes and regulation of a large number of genes and phytohormones. In recent years, the gene regulatory network governing the physiological changes occurring during seed development have received little attention. RESULTS Here, we characterized the seed development of tartary buckwheat using light and electron microscopy and measured phytohormone and nutrient accumulation by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and by profiling the expression of key genes using RNA sequencing with the support of the tartary buckwheat genome. We first divided the development of tartary buckwheat seed into five stages that include complex changes in development, morphology, physiology and phytohormone levels. At the same time, the contents of phytohormones (gibberellin, indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid, and zeatin) and nutrients (rutin, starch, total proteins and soluble sugars) at five stages were determined, and their accumulation patterns in the development of tartary buckwheat seeds were analyzed. Second, gene expression patterns of tartary buckwheat samples were compared during three seed developmental stages (13, 19, and 25 days postanthesis, DPA), and 9 765 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. We analyzed the overlapping DEGs in different sample combinations and measured 665 DEGs in the three samples. Furthermore, expression patterns of DEGs related to phytohormones, flavonoids, starch, and storage proteins were analyzed. Third, we noted the correlation between the trait (physiological changes, nutrient changes) and metabolites during seed development, and discussed the key genes that might be involved in the synthesis and degradation of each of them. CONCLUSION We provided abundant genomic resources for tartary buckwheat and Polygonaceae communities and revealed novel molecular insights into the correlations between the physiological changes and seed development of tartary buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyang Liu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Zhaotang Ma
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Tianrun Zheng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Weiqiong Jin
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Junyi Zhan
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Yuntao Cai
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Yujia Tang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Qi Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Zizhong Tang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Tongliang Bu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Chenglei Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
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25
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Zhang L, Li X, Ma B, Gao Q, Du H, Han Y, Li Y, Cao Y, Qi M, Zhu Y, Lu H, Ma M, Liu L, Zhou J, Nan C, Qin Y, Wang J, Cui L, Liu H, Liang C, Qiao Z. The Tartary Buckwheat Genome Provides Insights into Rutin Biosynthesis and Abiotic Stress Tolerance. Mol Plant 2017; 10:1224-1237. [PMID: 28866080 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) is an important pseudocereal crop that is strongly adapted to growth in adverse environments. Its gluten-free grain contains complete proteins with a well-balanced composition of essential amino acids and is a rich source of beneficial phytochemicals that provide significant health benefits. Here, we report a high-quality, chromosome-scale Tartary buckwheat genome sequence of 489.3 Mb that is assembled by combining whole-genome shotgun sequencing of both Illumina short reads and single-molecule real-time long reads, sequence tags of a large DNA insert fosmid library, Hi-C sequencing data, and BioNano genome maps. We annotated 33 366 high-confidence protein-coding genes based on expression evidence. Comparisons of the intra-genome with the sugar beet genome revealed an independent whole-genome duplication that occurred in the buckwheat lineage after they diverged from the common ancestor, which was not shared with rosids or asterids. The reference genome facilitated the identification of many new genes predicted to be involved in rutin biosynthesis and regulation, aluminum stress resistance, and in drought and cold stress responses. Our data suggest that Tartary buckwheat's ability to tolerate high levels of abiotic stress is attributed to the expansion of several gene families involved in signal transduction, gene regulation, and membrane transport. The availability of these genomic resources will facilitate the discovery of agronomically and nutritionally important genes and genetic improvement of Tartary buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan 030031, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement of Minor Crops, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Xiuxiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Huilong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanhuai Han
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan 030031, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement of Minor Crops, Taiyuan 030031, China; College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030801, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yinghao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ming Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yaxin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingchuan Ma
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan 030031, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement of Minor Crops, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Longlong Liu
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan 030031, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement of Minor Crops, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan 030031, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement of Minor Crops, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Chenghu Nan
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan 030031, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement of Minor Crops, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Yongjun Qin
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan 030031, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement of Minor Crops, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Lin Cui
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan 030031, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement of Minor Crops, Taiyuan 030031, China.
| | - Huimin Liu
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan 030031, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement of Minor Crops, Taiyuan 030031, China.
| | - Chengzhi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhijun Qiao
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan 030031, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement of Minor Crops, Taiyuan 030031, China.
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Lee MS, Shin Y, Jung S, Kim SY, Jo YH, Kim CT, Yun MK, Lee SJ, Sohn J, Yu HJ, Kim Y. The Inhibitory Effect of Tartary Buckwheat Extracts on Adipogenesis and Inflammatory Response. Molecules 2017; 22:E1160. [PMID: 28704952 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) has been established globally as a nutritionally important food item, particularly owing to high levels of bioactive compounds such as rutin. This study investigated the effect of tartary buckwheat extracts (TBEs) on adipogenesis and inflammatory response in 3T3-L1 cells. TBEs inhibited lipid accumulation, triglyceride content, and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity during adipocyte differentiation of 3T3 L1 cells. The mRNA levels of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (CEBP-α), adipocyte protein 2 (aP2), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and stearoylcoenzyme A desaturase-1 (SCD-1), were suppressed by TBEs. They also reduced the mRNA levels of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In addition, TBEs were decreased nitric oxide (NO) production. These results suggest that TBEs may inhibit adipogenesis and inflammatory response; therefore, they seem to be beneficial as a food ingredient to prevent obesity-associated inflammation.
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27
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Zhang Y, Li J, Yuan Y, Gu J, Chen P. [Purification, characterization and partial primary structure analysis of rutin-degrading enzyme in tartary buckwheat seeds]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2017; 33:796-807. [PMID: 28876034 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.160414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rutin-degrading enzymes (RDE) can degrade rutin into poorly water soluble compound, quercetin, and cause the bitter taste in tartary buckwheat. In the present study RDE from Yu 6-21 tartary buckwheat seeds was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, followed by hydrophobic interaction chromatography on Phenyl Sepharose CL-4B, ion exchange chromatography on CM-Cellulose and gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-150. Purified RDE showed single band with molecular weight of 66 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH and temperature of RDE were 5.0 and 50 ℃ respectively. The Km was 0.27 mmol/L, and the Vmax was 39.68 U/mg. The RDE activity could be inhibited by Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Mn²⁺ and EDTA, and showed tolerance to 50% methanol (V/V). The N terminal sequence (TVSRSSFPDGFLFGL) was obtained by Edman degradation method and 15 internal peptide sequences were determined by MALDI-TOF-MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry). These results established the foundations for identification of the candidate gene of RDE via transcriptome data and further studying RDE biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jijuan Gu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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28
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Yao PF, Li CL, Zhao XR, Li MF, Zhao HX, Guo JY, Cai Y, Chen H, Wu Q. Overexpression of a Tartary Buckwheat Gene, FtbHLH3, Enhances Drought/Oxidative Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:625. [PMID: 28487715 PMCID: PMC5403918 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) transcription factors play important roles in the abiotic stress response in plants, but their characteristics and functions in tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum), a flavonoid-rich cereal crop with a strong stress tolerance, have not been fully investigated. Here, a novel bHLH gene, designated FtbHLH3, was isolated and characterized. Expression analysis in tartary buckwheat revealed that FtbHLH3 was mainly induced by polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments. Subcellular localization and a yeast one-hybrid assay indicated that FtbHLH3 has transcriptional activation activities. Overexpression of FtbHLH3 in Arabidopsis resulted in increased drought/oxidative tolerance, which was attributed to not only lower malondialdehyde (MDA), ion leakage (IL), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also higher proline (Pro) content, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and photosynthetic efficiency in transgenic lines compared to wild type (WT). Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis indicated that the expression of multiple stress-responsive genes in the transgenic lines was significantly higher than in WT under drought stress. In particular, the expression of AtNCED, a rate-limiting enzyme gene in ABA biosynthesis, was increased significantly under both normal and stress conditions. Additionally, an ABA-response-element (ABRE) was also found in the promoter regions. Furthermore, the transgenic Arabidopsis lines of the FtbHLH3 promoter had higher GUS activity after drought stress. In summary, our results indicated that FtbHLH3 may function as a positive regulator of drought/oxidative stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis through an ABA-dependent pathway.
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Zhong L, Niu B, Tang L, Chen F, Zhao G, Zhao J. Effects of Polysaccharide Elicitors from Endophytic Fusarium oxysporum Fat9 on the Growth, Flavonoid Accumulation and Antioxidant Property of Fagopyrum tataricum Sprout Cultures. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21121590. [PMID: 27897983 PMCID: PMC6274569 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of four different fungal polysaccharides, named water-extracted mycelia polysaccharide (WPS), sodium hydroxide-extracted mycelia polysaccharide (SPS), hydrochloric-extracted mycelia polysaccharide (APS), and exo-polysaccharide (EPS) obtained from the endophytic Fusarium oxysporum Fat9 on the sprout growth, flavonoid accumulation, and antioxidant capacity of tartary buckwheat. Without visible changes in the appearance of the sprouts, the exogenous polysaccharide elicitors strongly stimulated sprout growth and flavonoid production, and the stimulation effect was closely related with the polysaccharide (PS) species and its treatment dosage. With application of 200 mg/L of EPS, 200 mg/L of APS, 150 mg/L of WPS, or 100 mg/L of SPS, the total rutin and quercetin yields of buckwheat sprouts were significantly increased to 41.70 mg/(100 sprouts), 41.52 mg/(100 sprouts), 35.88 mg/(100 sprouts), and 32.95 mg/(100 sprouts), respectively. This was about 1.11 to 1.40-fold compared to the control culture of 31.40 mg/(100 sprouts). Moreover, the antioxidant capacity of tartary buckwheat sprouts was also enhanced after treatment with the four PS elicitors. Furthermore, the present study revealed the polysaccharide elicitation that caused the accumulation of functional flavonoid by stimulating the phenylpropanoid pathway. The application of beneficial fungal polysaccharide elicitors may be an effective approach to improve the nutritional and functional characteristics of tartary buckwheat sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Zhong
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China.
- National R&D Center for Coarse Cereal Processing, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China.
| | - Bei Niu
- National R&D Center for Coarse Cereal Processing, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lin Tang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China.
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China.
| | - Gang Zhao
- National R&D Center for Coarse Cereal Processing, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jianglin Zhao
- National R&D Center for Coarse Cereal Processing, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China.
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Qiu J, Li Z, Qin Y, Yue Y, Liu Y. Protective effect of tartary buckwheat on renal function in type 2 diabetics: a randomized controlled trial. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2016; 12:1721-1727. [PMID: 27920542 PMCID: PMC5125721 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s123008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat (TB) has been reported to be associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and T2DM has had a major impact on the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Thus, the hypothesis that a daily intake of TB will improve DKD risk factors, including urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR), urea nitrogen (UN), serum creatinine, and uric acid was tested. In a parallel, randomized, open-label controlled trial, 104 T2DM patients were randomly assigned to a diet control group (systematic diet plans and intensive nutritional education) or a TB intervention group (daily replacement of a portion of staple foods with TB foods). Blood samples and dietary information were collected at baseline and the end of the 4-week study. The primary outcomes were that TB significantly decreased the rela tive changes in UACR (2.43–2.35, logarithmic transformed mg/g creatinine) and UN (5.12–4.91 mmol/L) in the TB intervention group vs the diet control group at 4 weeks (P<0.05), without obvious effect on blood glucose during the 4-week study. In addition, subgroup analyses based on different DKD stages also showed a significant reduction in UACR and UN for the T2DM patients with normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria (P<0.05). These results support the hypothesis that TB as a replacement of staple food probably alleviates renal dysfunction in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Qiu
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture
| | - Zaigui Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University
| | - Yuchang Qin
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture
| | - Yanfen Yue
- Department of Nutrition, Pinggu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pinggu
| | - Yanping Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Thwe A, Valan Arasu M, Li X, Park CH, Kim SJ, Al-Dhabi NA, Park SU. Effect of Different Agrobacterium rhizogenes Strains on Hairy Root Induction and Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis in Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn). Front Microbiol 2016; 7:318. [PMID: 27014239 PMCID: PMC4789558 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of an efficient protocol for successful hairy root induction by Agrobacterium rhizogenes is the key step toward an in vitro culturing method for the mass production of secondary metabolites. The selection of an effective Agrobacterium strain for the production of hairy roots is highly plant species dependent and must be determined empirically. Therefore, our goal was to investigate the transformation efficiency of different A. rhizogenes strains for the induction of transgenic hairy roots in Fagopyrum tataricum ‘Hokkai T10’ cultivar; to determine the expression levels of the polypropanoid biosynthetic pathway genes, such as ftpAL, FtC4H, Ft4CL, FrCHS, FrCH1, FrF3H, FtFLS1, FtFLS2, FtF3, H1, FtF3′H2, FtANS, and FtDFR; and to quantify the in vitro synthesis of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins. Among different strains, R1000 was the most promising candidate for hairy root stimulation because it induced the highest growth rate, root number, root length, transformation efficiency, and total anthocyanin and rutin content. The R1000, 15834, and A4 strains provided higher transcript levels for most metabolic pathway genes for the synthesis of rutin (22.31, 15.48, and 13.04 μg/mg DW, respectively), cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (800, 750, and 650 μg/g DW, respectively), and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside (2410, 1530, and 1170 μg/g DW, respectively). A suitable A. rhizogenes strain could play a vital role in the fast growth of the bulk amount of hairy roots and secondary metabolites. Overall, R1000 was the most promising strain for hairy root induction in buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aye Thwe
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chang Ha Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sun Ju Kim
- Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, Chungnam National University Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University Daejeon, South Korea
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Huang X, Yao J, Zhao Y, Xie D, Jiang X, Xu Z. Efficient Rutin and Quercetin Biosynthesis through Flavonoids-Related Gene Expression in Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn. Hairy Root Cultures with UV-B Irradiation. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:63. [PMID: 26870075 PMCID: PMC4740399 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Transformed hairy roots had been efficiently induced from the seedlings of Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn. due to the infection of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Hairy roots were able to display active elongation with high root branching in 1/2 MS medium without growth regulators. The stable introduction of rolB and aux1 genes of A. rhizogenes WT strain 15834 into F. tataricum plants was confirmed by PCR analysis. Besides, the absence of virD gene confirmed hairy root was bacteria-free. After six different media and different sources of concentration were tested, the culturing of TB7 hairy root line in 1/2 MS liquid medium supplemented with 30 g l(-1) sucrose for 20 days resulted in a maximal biomass accumulation (13.5 g l(-1) fresh weight, 1.78 g l(-1) dry weight) and rutin content (0.85 mg g(-1)). The suspension culture of hairy roots led to a 45-fold biomass increase and a 4.11-fold rutin content increase in comparison with the suspension culture of non-transformed roots. The transformation frequency was enhanced through preculturing for 2 days followed by infection for 20 min. The UV-B stress treatment of hairy roots resulted in a striking increase of rutin and quercetin production. Furthermore, the hairy root lines of TB3, TB7, and TB28 were chosen to study the specific effects of UV-B on flavonoid accumulation and flavonoid biosynthetic gene expression by qRT-PCR. This study has demonstrated that the UV-B radiation was an effective elicitor that dramatically changed in the transcript abundance of ftpAL, FtCHI, FtCHS, FtF3H, and FtFLS-1 in F. tataricum hairy roots.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ziqin Xu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest UniversityXi’an, China
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Choi JY, Lee JM, Lee DG, Cho S, Yoon YH, Cho EJ, Lee S. The n-Butanol Fraction and Rutin from Tartary Buckwheat Improve Cognition and Memory in an In Vivo Model of Amyloid-β-Induced Alzheimer's Disease. J Med Food 2015; 18:631-41. [PMID: 25785882 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.3292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the beneficial effects of the n-butanol fraction and rutin extracted from tartary buckwheat (TB) on learning and memory deficits in a mouse model of amyloid β (Aβ)-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD). Learning and memory were assessed using the T-maze, object recognition, and Morris water maze tests. Animals administered Aβ showed impaired cognition and memory, which were alleviated by oral administration of an n-butanol fraction and rutin extracted from TB. Similarly, Aβ-induced increases in nitric oxide formation and lipid peroxidation in the brain, liver, and kidneys were attenuated by treatment with n-butanol fraction and rutin from TB in addition to antioxidant effects observed in control (nonAβ-treated) animals. The results of the present study suggest that the n-butanol fraction and rutin extracted from TB are protective against and have possible therapeutic applications for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Choi
- 1Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Research Institute of Ecology for the Elderly, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jeong Min Lee
- 2Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea.,3Department of Functional Crops, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, Korea
| | - Dong Gu Lee
- 2Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Sunghun Cho
- 2Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Yoon
- 3Department of Functional Crops, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- 1Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Research Institute of Ecology for the Elderly, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- 2Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
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Zielińska D, Turemko M, Kwiatkowski J, Zieliński H. Evaluation of flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity of the aerial parts of common and tartary buckwheat plants. Molecules 2012; 17:9668-82. [PMID: 22890171 PMCID: PMC6268390 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17089668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of major and minor flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity of stems, leaves, flowers, unripe seeds and ripe seeds of common and tartary buckwheat plants collected during different growth periods was addressed in this study. The highest rutin contents were observed in flowers and leaves collected from common and tartary buckwheat at early flowering as well as flowering and seed formation states. A low quercetin contents were found in all studied aerial part of buckwheat plants. Quercitrin (quercetin-3-rhamnoside) was only found in flowers collected at different growth periods while flavone C-glucosides were accumulated preferentially only in unripe seeds collected from common buckwheat at an early flowering state. The rank of antioxidant capacity provided for aerial parts of common and tartary buckwheat at early flowering state was as follows: flowers > leaves > stems. The highest contribution of rutin to the antioxidant capacity of the aerial parts of common and tartary buckwheat was found for stems followed by leaves, flowers and unripe seeds. The results demonstrate that flowers from common and tartary buckwheat collected at early flowering as well as flowering and seed formation states have the future potential to be a useful food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Zielińska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 4, Olsztyn 10-727, Poland.
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Guo X, Zhu K, Zhang H, Yao H. Anti-tumor activity of a novel protein obtained from tartary buckwheat. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:5201-11. [PMID: 21614202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11125201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
TBWSP31 is a novel antitumor protein that was isolated from tartary buckwheat water-soluble extracts. The objective of this paper was to investigate the anti-proliferative effects of TBWSP31 on breast cancer Bcap37cells and to explore its possible mechanism. After treatment of Bcap37 cells with TBWSP31, typical apoptotic morphological changes were observed by inverted microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), such as detachment from the culture plate, change to a round shape, cell shrinkage, the absence of obvious microvilli, plasma membrane blebbing, and formation of apoptotic bodies. Cell-cycle analysis revealed that treatment with TBWSP31 resulted in a G0/G1 arrest and prevented the cells from growing from G0/G1 phase to S phase, which was most prominent at 48 h. The expression of bcl-2 and Fas were detected quantitatively by FCM, which showed that TBWSP31 induced-apoptosis may be involved with the participation of Fas and bcl-2. These results suggest that TBWSP31 is a potential antitumor compound and that apoptosis induced by TBWSP31 is a key antitumor mechanism.
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