151
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The Semiflexible Polymer Translocation into Laterally Unbounded Region between Two Parallel Flat Membranes. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8090332. [PMID: 30974609 PMCID: PMC6431992 DOI: 10.3390/polym8090332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the dynamic Monte Carlo method, we investigate dynamics of semiflexible polymer translocation through a nanopore into laterally unbounded region between two parallel flat membranes with separation R in presence of an electric field inside the pore. The average translocation time τ initially decreases rapidly with increase of R in the range of R < 10 and then almost keeps constant for R ≥ 10, and the decline range increases with increase of dimensionless bending stiffness κ. We mainly study the effect of chain length N, κ and electric field strength E on the translocation process for R = 5. The translocation dynamics is significantly altered in comparison to an unconfined environment. We find τ ~ Nα, where the exponent α increases with increase of E for small κ. α initially increases slowly with increase of E and then keeps constant for moderate κ. α decreases with increase of E for large κ. However, α decreases with increase of κ under various E. In addition, we find τ ~ κβ. β decreases with increase of N under various E. These behaviors are interpreted in terms of the probability distribution of translocation time and the waiting time of an individual monomer segment passing through the pore during translocation.
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152
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Hou X. Smart Gating Multi-Scale Pore/Channel-Based Membranes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:7049-64. [PMID: 27296766 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Smart gating membranes are important and promising in membrane science and technology. Rapid progress in developing smart membranes is transforming technology in many different fields, from energy and environmental to the life sciences. How a specific smart behavior for controllable gating of porous membranes can be obtained, especially for nano- and micrometer-sized multi-scale pore/channel-based membrane systems is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Hou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, P. R. China
- School of Physics and Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, P. R. China
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, P. R. China
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153
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Lin
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272, United States
| | - Emmabeth Parrish
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272, United States
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272, United States
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154
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Turchanin A, Gölzhäuser A. Carbon Nanomembranes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:6075-6103. [PMID: 27281234 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201506058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomembranes (CNMs) are synthetic 2D carbon sheets with tailored physical or chemical properties. These depend on the structure, molecular composition, and surroundings on either side. Due to their molecular thickness, they can be regarded as "interfaces without bulk" separating regions of different gaseous, liquid, or solid components and controlling the materials exchange between them. Here, a universal scheme for the fabrication of 1 nm-thick, mechanically stable, functional CNMs is presented. CNMs can be further modified, for example perforated by ion bombardment or chemically functionalized by the binding of other molecules onto the surfaces. The underlying physical and chemical mechanisms are described, and examples are presented for the engineering of complex surface architectures, e.g., nanopatterns of proteins, fluorescent dyes, or polymer brushes. A simple transfer procedure allows CNMs to be placed on various support structures, which makes them available for diverse applications: supports for electron and X-ray microscopy, nanolithography, nanosieves, Janus nanomembranes, polymer carpets, complex layered structures, functionalization of graphene, novel nanoelectronic and nanomechanical devices. To close, the potential of CNMs in filtration and sensorics is discussed. Based on tests for the separation of gas molecules, it is argued that ballistic membranes may play a prominent role in future efforts of materials separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Turchanin
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Armin Gölzhäuser
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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155
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Johnson DG, Pan S, Hayden A, McGrath JL. Nanoporous membrane robustness / stability in small form factor microfluidic filtration system. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016; 2016:1955-1958. [PMID: 28268711 PMCID: PMC6390479 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7591106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of wearable hemodialysis (HD) devices that replace center-based HD holds the promise to improve both outcomes and quality-of-life for patients with end-stage-renal disease (ERD). A prerequisite for these devices is the development of highly efficient membranes that can achieve high toxin clearance in small footprints. The ultrathin nanoporous membrane material developed by our group is orders of magnitude more permeable than conventional HD membranes. We report on our progress making a prototype wearable dialysis unit. First, we present data from benchtop studies confirming that clinical levels of urea clearance can be obtained in a small animal model with low blood flow rates. Second, we report on efforts to improve the mechanical robustness of high membrane area dialysis devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean G. Johnson
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Rochester, NY 14623 USA (585-273-2156; )
| | - Sabrina Pan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Rochester, NY 14623 USA
| | | | - James L. McGrath
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Rochester, NY 14623 USA
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156
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Lin X, Zhang B, Yang Q, Yan F, Hua X, Su B. Polydimethysiloxane Modified Silica Nanochannel Membrane for Hydrophobicity-Based Molecular Filtration and Detection. Anal Chem 2016; 88:7821-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Lin
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Qian Yang
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Fei Yan
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xin Hua
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Bin Su
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
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157
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Wilson J, Sloman L, He Z, Aksimentiev A. Graphene Nanopores for Protein Sequencing. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2016; 26:4830-4838. [PMID: 27746710 PMCID: PMC5063307 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201601272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
An inexpensive, reliable method for protein sequencing is essential to unraveling the biological mechanisms governing cellular behavior and disease. Current protein sequencing methods suffer from limitations associated with the size of proteins that can be sequenced, the time, and the cost of the sequencing procedures. Here, we report the results of all-atom molecular dynamics simulations that investigated the feasibility of using graphene nanopores for protein sequencing. We focus our study on the biologically significant phenylalanine-glycine repeat peptides (FG-nups)-parts of the nuclear pore transport machinery. Surprisingly, we found FG-nups to behave similarly to single stranded DNA: the peptides adhere to graphene and exhibit step-wise translocation when subject to a transmembrane bias or a hydrostatic pressure gradient. Reducing the peptide's charge density or increasing the peptide's hydrophobicity was found to decrease the translocation speed. Yet, unidirectional and stepwise translocation driven by a transmembrane bias was observed even when the ratio of charged to hydrophobic amino acids was as low as 1:8. The nanopore transport of the peptides was found to produce stepwise modulations of the nanopore ionic current correlated with the type of amino acids present in the nanopore, suggesting that protein sequencing by measuring ionic current blockades may be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Wilson
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign,
Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Leila Sloman
- McGill University, 845 Rue Sherbrooke O, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4,
Canada
| | - Zhiren He
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign,
Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Aleksei Aksimentiev
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign,
Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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158
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Tofail SAM, Bauer J. Electrically Polarized Biomaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:5470-5484. [PMID: 27122372 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201505403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Electrically polarized biomaterials and their interactions with the surrounding biological environment is important for understanding the host response, growth and inhibition of biological species as well as the long-term fate and performance of the implants. Polarized materials possess electrical charges at the surface due to polar or electret properties. As these surfaces are at the frontier of biological reactions understanding biological interactions at the interface with polarized biomaterials requires a convergence of understanding multiple disciplines. This article discusses progress that has taken place in the fields of surface and interface science, materials science and biomedical device engineering to obtain a better perspective of such interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed A M Tofail
- Department of Physics and Energy, and Materials and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Joanna Bauer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
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159
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Chen F, Neupane B, Li P, Su W, Wang G. Investigating axial diffusion in cylindrical pores using confocal single-particle fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:2129-38. [PMID: 27196052 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We explored the feasibility of using confocal fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to study small nanoparticle diffusion in hundred-nanometer-sized cylindrical pores. By modeling single particle diffusion in tube-like confined three-dimensional space aligned parallel to the confocal optical axis, we showed that two diffusion dynamics can be observed in both original intensity traces and the autocorrelation functions (ACFs): the confined two-dimensional lateral diffusion and the unconfined one-dimensional (1D) axial diffusion. The separation of the axial and confined lateral diffusion dynamics provides an opportunity to study diffusions in different dimensions separately. We further experimentally studied 45 nm carboxylated polystyrene particles diffusing in 300 nm alumina pores. The experimental data showed consistency with the simulation. To extract the accurate axial diffusion coefficient, we found that a 1D diffusion model with a Lorentzian axial collection profile needs to be used to analyze the experimental ACFs. The diffusion of the 45 nm nanoparticles in polyethyleneglycol-passivated 300 nm pores slowed down by a factor of ∼2, which can be satisfactorily explained by hydrodynamic frictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Chemistry Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Bhanu Neupane
- Chemistry Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Peiyuan Li
- Chemistry Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Wei Su
- Chemistry Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Gufeng Wang
- Chemistry Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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160
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Zhao L, Zhong Y, Wei Y, Ortiz N, Chen F, Wang G. Microscopic Movement of Slow-Diffusing Nanoparticles in Cylindrical Nanopores Studied with Three-Dimensional Tracking. Anal Chem 2016; 88:5122-30. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luyang Zhao
- Chemistry Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Yaning Zhong
- Chemistry Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Yanli Wei
- Chemistry Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Nathalia Ortiz
- Chemistry Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Fang Chen
- Chemistry Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Gufeng Wang
- Chemistry Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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161
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Kundu S, Karmakar SN. Detection of base-pair mismatches in DNA using graphene-based nanopore device. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:135101. [PMID: 26894508 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/13/135101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a unique way to detect base-pair mismatches in DNA, leading to a different epigenetic disorder by the method of nanopore sequencing. Based on a tight-binding formulation of a graphene-based nanopore device, using the Green's function approach we study the changes in the electronic transport properties of the device as we translocate a double-stranded DNA through the nanopore embedded in a zigzag graphene nanoribbon. In the present work we are not only successful in detecting the usual AT and GC pairs but also a set of possible mismatches in the complementary base pairing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Kundu
- Condensed Matter Physics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700 064, India
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162
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Bhadra P, Sengupta S, Ratchagar NP, Achar B, Chadha A, Bhattacharya E. Selective transportation of charged ZnO nanoparticles and microorganism dialysis through silicon nanoporous membranes. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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163
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Ng E, Chen K, Hang A, Syed A, Zhang JXJ. Multi-Dimensional Nanostructures for Microfluidic Screening of Biomarkers: From Molecular Separation to Cancer Cell Detection. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 44:847-62. [PMID: 26692080 PMCID: PMC4828292 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1521-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Rapid screening of biomarkers, with high specificity and accuracy, is critical for many point-of-care diagnostics. Microfluidics, the use of microscale channels to manipulate small liquid samples and carry reactions in parallel, offers tremendous opportunities to address fundamental questions in biology and provide a fast growing set of clinical tools for medicine. Emerging multi-dimensional nanostructures, when coupled with microfluidics, enable effective and efficient screening with high specificity and sensitivity, both of which are important aspects of biological detection systems. In this review, we provide an overview of current research and technologies that utilize nanostructures to facilitate biological separation in microfluidic channels. Various important physical parameters and theoretical equations that characterize and govern flow in nanostructure-integrated microfluidic channels will be introduced and discussed. The application of multi-dimensional nanostructures, including nanoparticles, nanopillars, and nanoporous layers, integrated with microfluidic channels in molecular and cellular separation will also be reviewed. Finally, we will close with insights on the future of nanostructure-integrated microfluidic platforms and their role in biological and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Ng
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Kaina Chen
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Annie Hang
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Abeer Syed
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - John X J Zhang
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
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164
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Smith BD, Patil JJ, Ferralis N, Grossman JC. Catalyst Self-Assembly for Scalable Patterning of Sub 10 nm Ultrahigh Aspect Ratio Nanopores in Silicon. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:8043-8049. [PMID: 26999295 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous silicon (NPSi) has received significant attention for its potential to contribute to a large number of applications, but has not yet been extensively implemented because of the inability of current state-of-the-art nanofabrication techniques to achieve sufficiently small pore size, high aspect ratio, and process scalability. In this work we describe the fabrication of NPSi via a modified metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) process in which silica-shell gold nanoparticle (SiO2-AuNP) monolayers self-assemble from solution onto a silicon substrate. Exposure to the MACE etchant solution results in the rapid consumption of the SiO2 spacer shell, leaving well-spaced arrays of bare AuNPs on the substrate surface. Particles then begin to catalyze the etching of nanopore arrays without interruption, resulting in the formation of highly anisotropic individual pores. The excellent directionality of pore formation is thought to be promoted by the homogeneous interparticle spacing of the gold core nanocatalysts, which allow for even hole injection and subsequent etching along preferred crystallographic orientations. Electron microscopy and image analysis confirm the ability of the developed technique to produce micrometer-scale arrays of sub 10 nm nanopores with narrow size distributions and aspect ratios of over 100:1. By introducing a scalable process for obtaining high aspect ratio pores in a novel size regime, this work opens the door to implementation of NPSi in numerous devices and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan D Smith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jatin J Patil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 6G9, Canada
| | - Nicola Ferralis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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165
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Yue L, Wang S, Zhou D, Zhang H, Li B, Wu L. Flexible single-layer ionic organic-inorganic frameworks towards precise nano-size separation. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10742. [PMID: 26923611 PMCID: PMC4773479 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Consecutive two-dimensional frameworks comprised of molecular or cluster building blocks in large area represent ideal candidates for membranes sieving molecules and nano-objects, but challenges still remain in methodology and practical preparation. Here we exploit a new strategy to build soft single-layer ionic organic–inorganic frameworks via electrostatic interaction without preferential binding direction in water. Upon consideration of steric effect and additional interaction, polyanionic clusters as connection nodes and cationic pseudorotaxanes acting as bridging monomers connect with each other to form a single-layer ionic self-assembled framework with 1.4 nm layer thickness. Such soft supramolecular polymer frameworks possess uniform and adjustable ortho-tetragonal nanoporous structure in pore size of 3.4–4.1 nm and exhibit greatly convenient solution processability. The stable membranes maintaining uniform porous structure demonstrate precisely size-selective separation of semiconductor quantum dots within 0.1 nm of accuracy and may hold promise for practical applications in selective transport, molecular separation and dialysis systems. Membranes composed of ionic frameworks offer applications in nano-size separation thanks to their highly regular pores. Here, the authors devise such a system composed of polyoxometalates and organic pseudorotaxanes, and demonstrate their ability to separate mixed sized CdTe quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Ding Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Bao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Lixin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, PR China
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166
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Winans J, Smith K, Gaborski T, Roussie J, McGrath J. Membrane capacity and fouling mechanisms for ultrathin nanomembranes in dead-end filtration. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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167
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Huang T, An Q, Luan X, Zhang Q, Zhang Y. Free-standing few-layered graphene oxide films: selective, steady and lasting permeation of organic molecules with adjustable speeds. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:2003-2010. [PMID: 26698634 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08129g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A variety of small molecules with diameters around 1 nm possess a range of functions, such as antibiotic, antimicrobic, anticoagulant, pesticidal and chemotherapy effects, making these molecules especially useful in various applications ranging from medical treatment to environmental microbiological control. However, the long-term steady delivery (release or permeation) of these small molecules with adjustable and controllable speeds has remained an especially challenging task. In this study, we prepared covalently cross-linked free-standing few-layered GO films using a layer-by-layer technique in combination with photochemical cross-linkages, and achieved a controlled release of positively charged, negatively charged, and zwitterionic small molecules with adjustable and controllable speeds. The steady delivery of the small molecule lasted up to 9 days. Other functionalities, such as graphene-enhanced Raman spectra and electrochemical properties that could also be integrated or employed in delivery systems, were also studied for our films. We expect the special molecular delivery properties of our films to lead to new possibilities in drug/fertilizer delivery and environmental microbiological control applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Qi An
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xinglong Luan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yihe Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
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168
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Lee WH, Ngernsutivorakul T, Mabrouk OS, Wong JMT, Dugan CE, Pappas SS, Yoon HJ, Kennedy RT. Microfabrication and in Vivo Performance of a Microdialysis Probe with Embedded Membrane. Anal Chem 2016; 88:1230-7. [PMID: 26727611 PMCID: PMC5111822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Microdialysis sampling is an essential tool for in vivo neurochemical monitoring. Conventional dialysis probes are over 220 μm in diameter and have limited flexibility in design because they are made by assembly using preformed membranes. The probe size constrains spatial resolution and governs the amount of tissue damaged caused by probe insertion. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a method to microfabricate probes in Si that are 45 μm thick × 180 μm wide. The probes contain a buried, U-shaped channel that is 30 μm deep × 60 μm wide and terminates in ports for external connection. A 4 mm length of the probe is covered with a 5 μm thick nanoporous membrane. The membrane was microfabricated by deep reactive ion etching through a porous aluminum oxide layer. The microfabricated probe has cross-sectional area that is 79% less than that of the smallest conventional microdialysis probes. The probes yield 2-20% relative recovery at 100 nL/min perfusion rate for a variety of small molecules. The probe was successfully tested in vivo by sampling from the striatum of live rats. Fractions were collected at 20 min intervals (2 μL) before and after an intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/kg amphetamine. Analysis of fractions by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed reliable detection of 14 neurochemicals, including dopamine and acetylcholine, at basal conditions. Amphetamine evoked a 43-fold rise in dopamine, a result nearly identical to a conventional dialysis probe in the same animal. The microfabricated probes have potential for sampling with higher spatial resolution and less tissue disruption than conventional probes. It may also be possible to add functionality to the probes by integrating other components, such as electrodes, optics, and additional channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woong Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Thitaphat Ngernsutivorakul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Omar S Mabrouk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Jenny-Marie T Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Colleen E Dugan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Samuel S Pappas
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan , 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5316, United States
| | - Hyeun Joong Yoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan , 2300 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, United States
| | - Robert T Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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169
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Liu N, Cao Y, Qu R, Zhang W, Lin X, Chen Y, Wei Y, Feng L. One-step reduction and simultaneous decoration on various porous substrates: toward oil filtration from water. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13698b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Facile fabrication via one-step reduction and simultaneous decoration on various porous substrates for oil filtration from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Yingze Cao
- Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology
- China Academy of Space Technology
- Beijing 100094
- P. R. China
| | - Ruixiang Qu
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Yuning Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Yen Wei
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Lin Feng
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
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170
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Burgin T, Johnson D, Chung H, Clark A, McGrath J. Analytical and Finite Element Modeling of Nanomembranes for Miniaturized, Continuous Hemodialysis. MEMBRANES 2015; 6:membranes6010006. [PMID: 26729179 PMCID: PMC4812412 DOI: 10.3390/membranes6010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hemodialysis involves large, periodic treatment doses using large-area membranes. If the permeability of dialysis membranes could be increased, it would reduce the necessary dialyzer size and could enable a wearable device that administers a continuous, low dose treatment of chronic kidney disease. This paper explores the application of ultrathin silicon membranes to this purpose, by way of analytical and finite element models of diffusive and convective transport of plasma solutes during hemodialysis, which we show to be predictive of experimental results. A proof-of-concept miniature nanomembrane dialyzer design is then proposed and analytically predicted to clear uremic toxins at near-ideal levels, as measured by several markers of dialysis adequacy. This work suggests the feasibility of miniature nanomembrane-based dialyzers that achieve therapeutic levels of uremic toxin clearance for patients with kidney failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tucker Burgin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 252 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
| | - Dean Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 252 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
| | - Henry Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 252 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
| | - Alfred Clark
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, 252 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
| | - James McGrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 252 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
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171
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Nguyen QH, Ali M, Nasir S, Ensinger W. Transport properties of track-etched membranes having variable effective pore-lengths. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:485502. [PMID: 26553245 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/48/485502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The transport rate of molecules through polymeric membranes is normally limited because of their micrometer-scale thickness which restricts their suitability for more practical application. To study the effect of effective pore length on the transport behavior, polymer membranes containing cylindrical and asymmetric-shaped nanopores were prepared through a two-step ion track-etching technique. Permeation experiments were performed separately to investigate the transport properties (molecular flux and selectivity) of these track-etched membranes. The permeation data shows that the molecular flux across membranes containing asymmetric nanopores is higher compared to those having cylindrical pores. On the other hand, the cylindrical pore membranes exhibit higher selectivity than asymmetric pores for the permeation of charged molecules across the membrane. Current-voltage (I-V) measurements of single-pore membranes further verify that asymmetric pores exhibit lower resistance for the flow of ions and therefore show higher currents than cylindrical pores. Moreover, unmodified and polyethyleneimine (PEI) modified asymmetric-shaped pore membranes were successfully used for the separation of cationic and anionic analyte molecules from their mixture, respectively. In this study, two distinct effects (pore geometry and pore density, i.e. number of pores cm(-2)), which mainly influence membrane selectivity and molecular transport rates, were thoroughly investigated in order to optimize the membrane performance. In this context, we believe that membranes with high molecular transport rates could readily find their application in molecular separation and controlled drug delivery processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quoc Hung Nguyen
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachbereich Material- u. Geowissenschaften, Fachgebiet Materialanalytik, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstr. 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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172
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Jud C, Ahmed S, Müller L, Kinnear C, Vanhecke D, Umehara Y, Frey S, Liley M, Angeloni S, Petri-Fink A, Rothen-Rutishauser B. Ultrathin Ceramic Membranes as Scaffolds for Functional Cell Coculture Models on a Biomimetic Scale. Biores Open Access 2015; 4:457-68. [PMID: 26713225 PMCID: PMC4691652 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2015.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tissue serves as an interface between biological compartments. Many in vitro epithelial cell models have been developed as an alternative to animal experiments to answer a range of research questions. These in vitro models are grown on permeable two-chamber systems; however, commercially available, polymer-based cell culture inserts are around 10 μm thick. Since the basement membrane found in biological systems is usually less than 1 μm thick, the 10-fold thickness of cell culture inserts is a major limitation in the establishment of realistic models. In this work, an alternative insert, accommodating an ultrathin ceramic membrane with a thickness of only 500 nm (i.e., the Silicon nitride Microporous Permeable Insert [SIMPLI]-well), was produced and used to refine an established human alveolar barrier coculture model by both replacing the conventional inserts with the SIMPLI-well and completing it with endothelial cells. The structural–functional relationship of the model was evaluated, including the translocation of gold nanoparticles across the barrier, revealing a higher translocation if compared to corresponding polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membranes. This study demonstrates the power of the SIMPLI-well system as a scaffold for epithelial tissue cell models on a truly biomimetic scale, allowing construction of more functionally accurate models of human biological barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Jud
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg , Fribourg, Switzerland . ; Agroscope, Institute for Livestock Sciences ILS , Posieux, Switzerland
| | | | - Loretta Müller
- University Children's Hospital Basel , Basel, Switzerland
| | - Calum Kinnear
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg , Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Vanhecke
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg , Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Yuki Umehara
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg , Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Frey
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg , Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg , Fribourg, Switzerland
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173
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Suh YD, Yeo J, Lee H, Hong S, Kwon J, Kim K, Ko SH. Control and Manipulation of Nano Cracks Mimicking Optical Wave. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17292. [PMID: 26612107 PMCID: PMC4661517 DOI: 10.1038/srep17292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Generally, a fracture is considered as an uncontrollable thus useless phenomenon due to its highly random nature. The aim of this study is to investigate highly ordered cracks such as oscillatory cracks and to manipulate via elaborate control of mechanical properties of the cracking medium including thickness, geometry, and elastic mismatch. Specific thin film with micro-sized notches was fabricated on a silicon based substrate in order to controllably generate self-propagating cracks in large area. Interestingly, various nano-cracks behaved similar to optical wave including refraction, total internal reflection and evanescent wave. This novel phenomena of controlled cracking was used to fabricate sophisticated nano/micro patterns in large area which cannot be obtained even with conventional nanofabrication methods. We also have showed that the cracks are directly implementable into a nano/micro-channel application since the cracks naturally have a form of channel-like shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young D Suh
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea (R.O.K)
| | - Junyeob Yeo
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea (R.O.K).,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1740, USA
| | - Habeom Lee
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea (R.O.K)
| | - Sukjoon Hong
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea (R.O.K)
| | - Jinhyeong Kwon
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea (R.O.K)
| | - Kyunkyu Kim
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea (R.O.K)
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea (R.O.K)
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174
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Lin X, Yang Q, Ding L, Su B. Ultrathin Silica Membranes with Highly Ordered and Perpendicular Nanochannels for Precise and Fast Molecular Separation. ACS NANO 2015; 9:11266-77. [PMID: 26458217 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Membranes with the ability of molecular/ionic separation offer potential in many processes ranging from molecular purification/sensing, to nanofluidics and to mimicking biological membranes. In this work, we report the preparation of a perforative free-standing ultrathin silica membrane consisting of straight and parallel nanochannels with a uniform size (∼2.3 nm) for precise and fast molecular separation. Due to its small and uniform channel size, the membrane exhibits a precise selectivity toward molecules based on size and charge, which can be tuned by ionic strength, pH or surface modification. Furthermore, the ultrasmall thickness (10-120 nm), vertically aligned channels, and high porosity (4.0 × 10(12) pores cm(-2)) give rise to a significantly high molecular transport rate. In addition, the membrane also displays excellent stability and can be consecutively reused for a month after washing or calcination. More importantly, the membrane fabrication is convenient, inexpensive, and does not rely on sophisticated facilities or conditions, providing potential applications in both separation science and micro/nanofluidic chip technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Lin
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry & Centre for Chemistry of High-Performance and Novel Materials, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Qian Yang
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry & Centre for Chemistry of High-Performance and Novel Materials, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Longhua Ding
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry & Centre for Chemistry of High-Performance and Novel Materials, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Bin Su
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry & Centre for Chemistry of High-Performance and Novel Materials, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
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175
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Zhao X, Xuan H, Chen Y, He C. Preparation and characterization of superior antifouling PVDF membrane with extremely ordered and hydrophilic surface layer. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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176
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Shankles PG, Timm AC, Doktycz MJ, Retterer ST. Fabrication of nanoporous membranes for tuning microbial interactions and biochemical reactions. JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. B, NANOTECHNOLOGY & MICROELECTRONICS : MATERIALS, PROCESSING, MEASUREMENT, & PHENOMENA : JVST B 2015; 33:06FM03. [PMID: 26543684 PMCID: PMC4617741 DOI: 10.1116/1.4932671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
New strategies for combining conventional photo- and soft-lithographic techniques with high-resolution patterning and etching strategies are needed in order to produce multiscale fluidic platforms that address the full range of functional scales seen in complex biological and chemical systems. The smallest resolution required for an application often dictates the fabrication method used. Micromachining and micropowder blasting yield higher throughput, but lack the resolution needed to fully address biological and chemical systems at the cellular and molecular scales. In contrast, techniques such as electron beam lithography or nanoimprinting allow nanoscale resolution, but are traditionally considered costly and slow. Other techniques such as photolithography or soft lithography have characteristics between these extremes. Combining these techniques to fabricate multiscale or hybrid fluidics allows fundamental biological and chemical questions to be answered. In this study, a combination of photolithography and electron beam lithography are used to produce two multiscale fluidic devices that incorporate porous membranes into complex fluidic networks in order to control the flow of energy, information, and materials in chemical form. In the first device, materials and energy were used to support chemical reactions. A nanoporous membrane fabricated with e-beam lithography separates two parallel, serpentine channels. Photolithography was used to pattern microfluidic channels around the membrane. The pores were written at 150 nm and reduced in size with silicon dioxide deposition from plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition and atomic layer deposition. Using this method, the molecular weight cutoff of the membrane can be adapted to the system of interest. In the second approach, photolithography was used to fabricate 200 nm thin pores. The pores confined microbes and allowed energy replenishment from a media perfusion channel. The same device can be used for study of intercellular communication via the secretion and uptake of signal molecules. Pore size was tested with 750 nm fluorescent polystyrene beads and fluorescein dye. The 200 nm polydimethylsiloxane pores were shown to be robust enough to hold 750 nm beads while under pressure, but allow fluorescein to diffuse across the barrier. Further testing showed that extended culture of bacteria within the chambers was possible. These two examples show how lithographically defined porous membranes can be adapted to two unique situations and used to tune the flow of chemical energy, materials, and information within a microfluidic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Shankles
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831; The Center for Nanophase Material Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831; and The Bredesen Center, The University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Andrea C Timm
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - Mitchel J Doktycz
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831; The Center for Nanophase Material Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831; and The Bredesen Center, The University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Scott T Retterer
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831; The Center for Nanophase Material Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831; and The Bredesen Center, The University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
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177
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Shankles PG, Timm AC, Doktycz MJ, Retterer ST. Fabrication of nanoporous membranes for tuning microbial interactions and biochemical reactions. JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. B, NANOTECHNOLOGY & MICROELECTRONICS : MATERIALS, PROCESSING, MEASUREMENT, & PHENOMENA : JVST B 2015. [PMID: 26543684 DOI: 10.1116/1.4932155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
New strategies for combining conventional photo- and soft-lithographic techniques with high-resolution patterning and etching strategies are needed in order to produce multiscale fluidic platforms that address the full range of functional scales seen in complex biological and chemical systems. The smallest resolution required for an application often dictates the fabrication method used. Micromachining and micropowder blasting yield higher throughput, but lack the resolution needed to fully address biological and chemical systems at the cellular and molecular scales. In contrast, techniques such as electron beam lithography or nanoimprinting allow nanoscale resolution, but are traditionally considered costly and slow. Other techniques such as photolithography or soft lithography have characteristics between these extremes. Combining these techniques to fabricate multiscale or hybrid fluidics allows fundamental biological and chemical questions to be answered. In this study, a combination of photolithography and electron beam lithography are used to produce two multiscale fluidic devices that incorporate porous membranes into complex fluidic networks in order to control the flow of energy, information, and materials in chemical form. In the first device, materials and energy were used to support chemical reactions. A nanoporous membrane fabricated with e-beam lithography separates two parallel, serpentine channels. Photolithography was used to pattern microfluidic channels around the membrane. The pores were written at 150 nm and reduced in size with silicon dioxide deposition from plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition and atomic layer deposition. Using this method, the molecular weight cutoff of the membrane can be adapted to the system of interest. In the second approach, photolithography was used to fabricate 200 nm thin pores. The pores confined microbes and allowed energy replenishment from a media perfusion channel. The same device can be used for study of intercellular communication via the secretion and uptake of signal molecules. Pore size was tested with 750 nm fluorescent polystyrene beads and fluorescein dye. The 200 nm polydimethylsiloxane pores were shown to be robust enough to hold 750 nm beads while under pressure, but allow fluorescein to diffuse across the barrier. Further testing showed that extended culture of bacteria within the chambers was possible. These two examples show how lithographically defined porous membranes can be adapted to two unique situations and used to tune the flow of chemical energy, materials, and information within a microfluidic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Shankles
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831; The Center for Nanophase Material Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831; and The Bredesen Center, The University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Andrea C Timm
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - Mitchel J Doktycz
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831; The Center for Nanophase Material Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831; and The Bredesen Center, The University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Scott T Retterer
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831; The Center for Nanophase Material Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831; and The Bredesen Center, The University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
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178
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Effectiveness of non-biodegradable poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-based hydrogel particles as a fibroblast growth factor-2 releasing carrier. Dent Mater 2015; 31:1406-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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179
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Yu H, Qiu X, Moreno N, Ma Z, Calo VM, Nunes SP, Peinemann KV. Self-Assembled Asymmetric Block Copolymer Membranes: Bridging the Gap from Ultra- to Nanofiltration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13937-41. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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180
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Kim YY, Hwang B, Song S, Ree BJ, Kim Y, Cho SY, Heo K, Kwon YK, Ree M. Well-defined hollow nanochanneled-silica nanospheres prepared with the aid of sacrificial copolymer nanospheres and surfactant nanocylinders. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:14774-14785. [PMID: 26287395 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr03800f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A new approach for synthesizing well-defined hollow nanochanneled-silica nanosphere particles is demonstrated, and the structural details of these particles are described for the first time. Positively charged styrene copolymer nanospheres with a clean, smooth surface and a very narrow size distribution are synthesized by surfactant-free emulsion copolymerization and used as a thermal sacrificial core template for the production of core-shell nanoparticles. A surfactant/silica composite shell with a uniform thickness is successfully produced and deposited onto the polymeric core template by charge density matching between the polymer nanosphere template surface and the negatively charged silica precursors and then followed by selective thermal decomposition of the polymeric core and the surfactant cylinder domains in the shell, producing the hollow nanochanneled-silica nanospheres. Comprehensive, quantitative structural analyses collectively confirm that the obtained nanoparticles are structurally well defined with a hollow core and a shell composed of cylindrical nanochannels that provide facile accessibility to the hollow interior space. Overall, the hollow nanochanneled-silica nanoparticles have great potential for applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Yong Kim
- Division of Advanced Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Polymer Research Institute, and BK School of Molecular Science, Pohang University of Science & Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea.
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181
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Yu H, Qiu X, Moreno N, Ma Z, Calo VM, Nunes SP, Peinemann K. Self‐Assembled Asymmetric Block Copolymer Membranes: Bridging the Gap from Ultra‐ to Nanofiltration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haizhou Yu
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955‐6900 (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)
| | - Xiaoyan Qiu
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955‐6900 (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)
| | - Nicolas Moreno
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (KAUST), Thuwal 23955‐6900 (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)
- Center for Numerical Porous Media (KAUST), Thuwal 23955‐6900 (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)
| | - Zengwei Ma
- School of Optoelectronic Information, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 40054 (China)
| | - Victor Manuel Calo
- Center for Numerical Porous Media (KAUST), Thuwal 23955‐6900 (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)
- Earth Science and Engineering & Applied Mathematics and Computational Science (KAUST), Thuwal 23955‐6900 (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)
| | - Suzana P. Nunes
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (KAUST), Thuwal 23955‐6900 (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)
| | - Klaus‐Viktor Peinemann
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955‐6900 (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)
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182
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Aboelmagd A, El-Safty SA, Shenashen MA, Elshehy EA, Khairy M, Sakaic M, Yamaguchi H. Nanomembrane Canister Architectures for the Visualization and Filtration of Oxyanion Toxins with One-Step Processing. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:2467-78. [PMID: 26178184 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201500565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanomembrane canister-like architectures were fabricated by using hexagonal mesocylinder-shaped aluminosilica nanotubes (MNTs)-porous anodic alumina (PAA) hybrid nanochannels. The engineering pattern of the MNTs inside a 60 μm-long membrane channel enabled the creation of unique canister-like channel necks and cavities. The open-tubular canister architecture design provides controllable, reproducible, and one-step processing patterns of visual detection and rejection/permeation of oxyanion toxins such as selenite (SeO3(2-)) in aquatic environments (i.e., in ground and river water sources) in the Ibaraki Prefecture of Japan. The decoration of organic ligand moieties such as omega chrome black blue (OCG) into inorganic Al2O3@tubular SiO2/Al2O3 canister membrane channel cavities led to the fabrication of an optical nanomembrane sensor (ONS). The OCG ligand was not leached from the canister as observed in washing, sensing, and recovery assays of selenite anions in solution, which enabled its multiple reuse. The ONS makes a variety of alternate processing analyses of selective quantification, visual detection, rejection/permeation, and recovery of toxic selenite quick and simple without using complex instrumentation. Under optimal conditions, the ONS canister exhibited a high selectivity toward selenite anions relative to other ions and a low-level detection limit of 0.0093 μM. Real analytical data showed that approximately 96% of SeO3(2-) anions can be recovered from aquatic and wastewater samples. The ONS canister holds potential for field recovery applications of toxic selenite anions from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Aboelmagd
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukubashi, Ibaraki-ken, 305-0047, Japan)
| | - Sherif A El-Safty
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukubashi, Ibaraki-ken, 305-0047, Japan). , .,Graduate School for Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan). ,
| | - Mohamed A Shenashen
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukubashi, Ibaraki-ken, 305-0047, Japan)
| | - Emad A Elshehy
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukubashi, Ibaraki-ken, 305-0047, Japan)
| | - Mohamed Khairy
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukubashi, Ibaraki-ken, 305-0047, Japan)
| | - Masaru Sakaic
- Centre for Research in Isotopes & Environmental Dynamics, Tsukuba University, 265-38 Shin Makita, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-0076, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yamaguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukubashi, Ibaraki-ken, 305-0047, Japan)
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183
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Mulligan SK, Speir JA, Razinkov I, Cheng A, Crum J, Jain T, Duggan E, Liu E, Nolan JP, Carragher B, Potter CS. Multiplexed TEM Specimen Preparation and Analysis of Plasmonic Nanoparticles. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2015; 21:1017-1025. [PMID: 26223550 PMCID: PMC4701052 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927615014324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We describe a system for rapidly screening hundreds of nanoparticle samples using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The system uses a liquid handling robot to place up to 96 individual samples onto a single standard TEM grid at separate locations. The grid is then transferred into the TEM and automated software is used to acquire multiscale images of each sample. The images are then analyzed to extract metrics on the size, shape, and morphology of the nanoparticles. The system has been used to characterize plasmonically active nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean K. Mulligan
- The National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Speir
- The National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Ivan Razinkov
- The National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
- New York Structural Biology Center, New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Anchi Cheng
- The National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
- New York Structural Biology Center, New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - John Crum
- The National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Tilak Jain
- The National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Erika Duggan
- Scintillon Institute, San Diego, California, 92121, USA
| | - Er Liu
- La Jolla Bioengineering Institute, San Diego, California, 92121, USA
| | - John P. Nolan
- Scintillon Institute, San Diego, California, 92121, USA
| | - Bridget Carragher
- The National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
- New York Structural Biology Center, New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Clinton S. Potter
- The National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
- New York Structural Biology Center, New York, New York, 10027, USA
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184
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Li CY, Wu ZQ, Yuan CG, Wang K, Xia XH. Propagation of Concentration Polarization Affecting Ions Transport in Branching Nanochannel Array. Anal Chem 2015; 87:8194-202. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of
Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093 China
| | - Zeng-Qiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of
Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093 China
| | - Chun-Ge Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of
Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093 China
| | - Kang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of
Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093 China
| | - Xing-Hua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of
Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093 China
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185
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Salerno KM, Bolintineanu DS, Lane JMD, Grest GS. Ligand structure and mechanical properties of single-nanoparticle-thick membranes. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 91:062403. [PMID: 26172721 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.062403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The high mechanical stiffness of single-nanoparticle-thick membranes is believed to result from the local structure of ligand coatings that mediate interactions between nanoparticles. These ligand structures are not directly observable experimentally. We use molecular dynamics simulations to observe variations in ligand structure and simultaneously measure variations in membrane mechanical properties. We have shown previously that ligand end group has a large impact on ligand structure and membrane mechanical properties. Here we introduce and apply quantitative molecular structure measures to these membranes and extend analysis to multiple nanoparticle core sizes and ligand lengths. Simulations of nanoparticle membranes with a nanoparticle core diameter of 4 or 6 nm, a ligand length of 11 or 17 methylenes, and either carboxyl (COOH) or methyl (CH(3)) ligand end groups are presented. In carboxyl-terminated ligand systems, structure and interactions are dominated by an end-to-end orientation of ligands. In methyl-terminated ligand systems large ordered ligand structures form, but nanoparticle interactions are dominated by disordered, partially interdigitated ligands. Core size and ligand length also affect both ligand arrangement within the membrane and the membrane's macroscopic mechanical response, but are secondary to the role of the ligand end group. Moreover, the particular end group (COOH or CH(3)) alters the nature of how ligand length, in turn, affects the membrane properties. The effect of core size does not depend on the ligand end group, with larger cores always leading to stiffer membranes. Asymmetry in the stress and ligand density is observed in membranes during preparation at a water-vapor interface, with the stress asymmetry persisting in all membranes after drying.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J Matthew D Lane
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Gary S Grest
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
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186
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Moon JS, Kim WG, Kim C, Park GT, Heo J, Yoo SY, Oh JW. M13 Bacteriophage-Based Self-Assembly Structures and Their Functional Capabilities. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2015; 12:271-281. [PMID: 26146494 PMCID: PMC4485395 DOI: 10.2174/1570193x1203150429105418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the assembly of basic structural building blocks in a systematic and orderly fashion is an emerging issue in various areas of science and engineering such as physics, chemistry, material science, biological engineering, and electrical engineering. The self-assembly technique, among many other kinds of ordering techniques, has several unique advantages and the M13 bacteriophage can be utilized as part of this technique. The M13 bacteriophage (Phage) can easily be modified genetically and chemically to demonstrate specific functions. This allows for its use as a template to determine the homogeneous distribution and percolated network structures of inorganic nanostructures under ambient conditions. Inexpensive and environmentally friendly synthesis can be achieved by using the M13 bacteriophage as a novel functional building block. Here, we discuss recent advances in the application of M13 bacteriophage self-assembly structures and the future of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Sik Moon
- BK21 Plus Division of Nano Convergence Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Geun Kim
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Chuntae Kim
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Tae Park
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
- BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735
| | - Jeong Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, Republic of Korea
| | - So Y Yoo
- BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 626-770, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Oh
- BK21 Plus Division of Nano Convergence Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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187
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Polson JM. Polymer translocation into and out of an ellipsoidal cavity. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:174903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4919642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James M. Polson
- Department of Physics, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave., Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada
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188
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Liu L, Zhu L. Thermally modulated biomolecule transport through nanoconfined channels. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2015; 10:198. [PMID: 25977669 PMCID: PMC4416095 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-0889-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a nanofluidic device containing both a feed cell and a permeation cell linked by nanopore arrays has been fabricated, which is employed to investigate thermally controlled biomolecular transporting properties through confined nanochannels. The ionic currents modulated by the translocations of goat antibody to human immunoglobulin G (IgG) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) are recorded and analyzed. The results suggest that the modulation effect decreases with the electrolyte concentration increasing, while the effects generated by IgG translocation are more significant than that generated by BSA translocation. More importantly, there is a maximum decreasing value in each modulated current curve with biomolecule concentration increasing for thermally induced intermolecular collision. Furthermore, the turning point for the maximum shifts to lower biomolecule concentrations with the system temperature rising (from 4°C to 45°C), and it is mainly determined by the temperature in the feed cell if the temperature difference exists in the two separated cells. These findings are expected to be valuable for the future design of novel sensing device based on nanopore and/or nanopore arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- />Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanics, Southeast University, Si Pai Lou 2#, Nanjing, 210096 People’s Republic of China
- />Suzhou Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Suzhou Research Institute of Southeast University, Linquan street 399#, Suzhou, 215123 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- />Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanics, Southeast University, Si Pai Lou 2#, Nanjing, 210096 People’s Republic of China
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189
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Yao X, Guo L, Chen X, Huang J, Steinhart M, Wang Y. Filtration-based synthesis of micelle-derived composite membranes for high-flux ultrafiltration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:6974-6981. [PMID: 25774575 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ideal membrane configurations for efficient separation at high flux rates consist of thin size-selective layers connected to macroporous supports for mechanical stabilization. We show that micelle-derived (MD) composite membranes combine efficient separation of similarly sized proteins and water flux 5-10 times higher than that of commercial membranes with similar retentions. MD composite membranes were obtained by filtration of solutions of amphiphilic block copolymer (BCP) micelles through commercially available macroporous supports covered by sacrificial nanostrand fabrics followed by annealing and removal of the nanostrand fabrics. Swelling-induced pore generation in the BCP films thus covering the macroporous supports yielded ∼210 nm thin nanoporous size-selective BCP layers with porosities in the 40% range tightly connected to the macroporous supports. Permselectivity and flux rates of the size-selective BCP layers were adjusted by the BCP mass deposited per membrane area and by proper selection of swelling times. The preparation methodology described here may pave the way for a modular assembly system allowing the design of tailored separation membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Yao
- †State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University (formerly Nanjing University of Technology), Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Leiming Guo
- †State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University (formerly Nanjing University of Technology), Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Chen
- †State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University (formerly Nanjing University of Technology), Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jun Huang
- †State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University (formerly Nanjing University of Technology), Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Martin Steinhart
- ‡Institut für Chemie neuer Materialien, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Yong Wang
- †State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University (formerly Nanjing University of Technology), Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu, P. R. China
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190
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Delachat F, Constancias C, Fournel F, Morales C, Le Drogoff B, Chaker M, Margot J. Fabrication of buckling free ultrathin silicon membranes by direct bonding with thermal difference. ACS NANO 2015; 9:3654-3663. [PMID: 25789462 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An innovative method to fabricate large area (up to several squared millimeters) ultrathin (100 nm) monocrystalline silicon (Si) membranes is described. This process is based on the direct bonding of a silicon-on-insulator wafer with a preperforated silicon wafer. The stress generated by the thermal difference applied during the bonding process is exploited to produce buckling free silicon nanomembranes of large areas. The thermal differences required to achieve these membranes (≥1 mm(2)) are estimated by analytical calculations. An experimental study of the stress achievable by direct bonding through two specific surface preparations (hydrophobic or hydrophilic) is reported. Buckling free silicon nanomembranes secured on a 2 × 2 cm(2) frame with lateral dimensions up to 5 × 5 mm(2) are successfully fabricated using the optimized direct bonding process. The stress estimated by theoretical analysis is confirmed by Raman measurements, while the flatness of the nanomembranes is demonstrated by optical interferometry. The successful fabrications of high resolution (50 nm half pitch) tungsten gratings on the silicon nanomembranes and of focused ion beam milling nanostructures show the promising potential of the Si membranes for X-ray optics and for the emerging nanosensor market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Delachat
- †Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
- ‡CEA-LETI, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble F-38054, France
| | | | - Frank Fournel
- ‡CEA-LETI, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble F-38054, France
| | | | - Boris Le Drogoff
- §INRS-EMT, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Mohamed Chaker
- §INRS-EMT, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Joelle Margot
- †Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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191
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Huber P. Soft matter in hard confinement: phase transition thermodynamics, structure, texture, diffusion and flow in nanoporous media. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:103102. [PMID: 25679044 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/10/103102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Spatial confinement in nanoporous media affects the structure, thermodynamics and mobility of molecular soft matter often markedly. This article reviews thermodynamic equilibrium phenomena, such as physisorption, capillary condensation, crystallisation, self-diffusion, and structural phase transitions as well as selected aspects of the emerging field of spatially confined, non-equilibrium physics, i.e. the rheology of liquids, capillarity-driven flow phenomena, and imbibition front broadening in nanoporous materials. The observations in the nanoscale systems are related to the corresponding bulk phenomenologies. The complexity of the confined molecular species is varied from simple building blocks, like noble gas atoms, normal alkanes and alcohols to liquid crystals, polymers, ionic liquids, proteins and water. Mostly, experiments with mesoporous solids of alumina, gold, carbon, silica, and silicon with pore diameters ranging from a few up to 50 nm are presented. The observed peculiarities of nanopore-confined condensed matter are also discussed with regard to applications. A particular emphasis is put on texture formation upon crystallisation in nanoporous media, a topic both of high fundamental interest and of increasing nanotechnological importance, e.g. for the synthesis of organic/inorganic hybrid materials by melt infiltration, the usage of nanoporous solids in crystal nucleation or in template-assisted electrochemical deposition of nano structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Huber
- Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Institute of Materials Physics and Technology, Eißendorfer Str. 42, D-21073 Hamburg-Harburg (Germany
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192
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Zhang QG, Deng C, Liu RR, Lin Z, Li HM, Zhu AM, Liu QL. Ultrathin pH-Sensitive Nanoporous Membranes for Superfast Size-Selective Separation. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:1133-7. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201500121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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193
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Wu S, Braschler T, Anker R, Wildhaber F, Bertsch A, Brugger J, Renaud P. Composite hydrogel-loaded alumina membranes for nanofluidic molecular filtration. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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194
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Winans JD, Hungerford C, Shome K, Rothberg LJ, Fauchet PM. Plasmonic effects in ultrathin amorphous silicon solar cells: performance improvements with Ag nanoparticles on the front, the back, and both. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:A92-A105. [PMID: 25836257 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.000a92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Thin-film hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) solar cells that are free-standing over a 2x2 mm area have been fabricated with thicknesses of 150 nm, 100 nm, and 60 nm. Silver nanoparticles (NPs) created on the front and/or back surfaces of the solar cells led to improvement in performance measures such as current density, overall efficiency, and external quantum efficiency. The effect of changing silver nanoparticle size and incident light angle was tested. Finite-Difference Time-Domain simulations are presented as a way to understand the experimental results as well as guide future research efforts.
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195
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Leïchlé T, Bourrier D. Integration of lateral porous silicon membranes into planar microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:833-8. [PMID: 25483271 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01094a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present a novel fabrication process that enables the monolithic integration of lateral porous silicon membranes into single-layer planar microchannels. This fabrication technique relies on the patterning of local electrodes to guide pore formation horizontally within the membrane and on the use of silicon-on-insulator substrates to spatially localize porous silicon within the channel depth. The feasibility of our approach is studied by current flow analysis using the finite element method and supported by creating 10 μm long mesoporous membranes within 20 μm deep microchannels. The fabricated membranes are demonstrated to be potentially useful for dead-end microfiltration by adequately retaining 300 nm diameter beads while macromolecules such as single-stranded DNA and immunoglobulin G permeate the membrane. The experimentally determined fluidic resistance is in accordance with the theoretical value expected from the estimated pore size and porosity. The work presented here is expected to greatly simplify the integration of membranes capable of size exclusion based separation into fluidic devices and opens doors to the use of porous silicon in planar lab on a chip devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Leïchlé
- CNRS, LAAS, 7 avenue du colonel Roche, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
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196
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Qi C, Striemer CC, Gaborski TR, McGrath JL, Fauchet PM. Influence of silicon dioxide capping layers on pore characteristics in nanocrystalline silicon membranes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:055706. [PMID: 25590751 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/5/055706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Porous nanocrystalline silicon (pnc-Si) membranes are a new class of membrane material with promising applications in biological separations. Pores are formed in a silicon film sandwiched between nm thick silicon dioxide layers during rapid thermal annealing. Controlling pore size is critical in the size-dependent separation applications. In this work, we systematically studied the influence of the silicon dioxide capping layers on pnc-Si membranes. Even a single nm thick top oxide layer is enough to switch from agglomeration to pore formation after annealing. Both the pore size and porosity increase with the thickness of the top oxide, but quickly reach a plateau after 10 nm of oxide. The bottom oxide layer acts as a barrier layer to prevent the a-Si film from undergoing homo-epitaxial growth during annealing. Both the pore size and porosity decrease as the thickness of the bottom oxide layer increases to 100 nm. The decrease of the pore size and porosity is correlated with the increased roughness of the bottom oxide layer, which hinders nanocrystal nucleation and nanopore formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhu Qi
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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197
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Isoporous membranes with gradient porosity by selective swelling of UV-crosslinked block copolymers. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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198
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Getpreecharsawas J, McGrath JL, Borkholder DA. The electric field strength in orifice-like nanopores of ultrathin membranes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:045704. [PMID: 25557214 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/4/045704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Here we show that the electric field inside an ultrathin membrane is weaker than conventional theory would predict, and that the reduced field is predictive of measured electroosmotic flow rates. Our theoretical analysis shows that the electric field inside a charged nanopore is affected by end effects and dependent on the Dukhin number Du when the pore length-to-diameter aspect ratio λ is less than 80 for Du ≪ 1 or 300 for Du ≫ 1. The electric field follows an unconventional scaling law; it no longer scales uniformly with the thickness of membrane, but with the local value of λ for each nanopore.
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199
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Li Y, Nicoli F, Chen C, Lagae L, Groeseneken G, Stakenborg T, Zandbergen H, Dekker C, Van Dorpe P, Jonsson MP. Photoresistance switching of plasmonic nanopores. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:776-82. [PMID: 25514824 PMCID: PMC4296925 DOI: 10.1021/nl504516d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fast and reversible modulation of ion flow through nanosized apertures is important for many nanofluidic applications, including sensing and separation systems. Here, we present the first demonstration of a reversible plasmon-controlled nanofluidic valve. We show that plasmonic nanopores (solid-state nanopores integrated with metal nanocavities) can be used as a fluidic switch upon optical excitation. We systematically investigate the effects of laser illumination of single plasmonic nanopores and experimentally demonstrate photoresistance switching where fluidic transport and ion flow are switched on or off. This is manifested as a large (∼ 1-2 orders of magnitude) increase in the ionic nanopore resistance and an accompanying current rectification upon illumination at high laser powers (tens of milliwatts). At lower laser powers, the resistance decreases monotonically with increasing power, followed by an abrupt transition to high resistances at a certain threshold power. A similar rapid transition, although at a lower threshold power, is observed when the power is instead swept from high to low power. This hysteretic behavior is found to be dependent on the rate of the power sweep. The photoresistance switching effect is attributed to plasmon-induced formation and growth of nanobubbles that reversibly block the ionic current through the nanopore from one side of the membrane. This explanation is corroborated by finite-element simulations of a nanobubble in the nanopore that show the switching and the rectification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- imec, Kapeldreef 75, Leuven B3001, Belgium
- Department of Electrical
Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesca Nicoli
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Lorentzweg
1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Chang Chen
- imec, Kapeldreef 75, Leuven B3001, Belgium
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Lagae
- imec, Kapeldreef 75, Leuven B3001, Belgium
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guido Groeseneken
- imec, Kapeldreef 75, Leuven B3001, Belgium
- Department of Electrical
Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Henny
W. Zandbergen
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Lorentzweg
1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Cees Dekker
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Lorentzweg
1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Pol Van Dorpe
- imec, Kapeldreef 75, Leuven B3001, Belgium
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Magnus P. Jonsson
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Lorentzweg
1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
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de Vreede LJ, van den Berg A, Eijkel JCT. Nanopore fabrication by heating Au particles on ceramic substrates. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:727-31. [PMID: 25548953 DOI: 10.1021/nl5042676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We found that gold nanoparticles, when heated to close to their melting point on substrates of amorphous SiO2 or amorphous Si3N4, move perpendicularly into the substrate. Dependent on applied temperatures, particles can become buried or leave nanopores of extreme aspect ratio (diameter ≅ 25 nm, length up to 800 nm). The process can be understood as driven by gold evaporation and controlled by capillary forces and can be controlled by temperature programming and substrate choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart J de Vreede
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente , Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
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