151
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Bisri SZ, Shimizu S, Nakano M, Iwasa Y. Endeavor of Iontronics: From Fundamentals to Applications of Ion-Controlled Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1607054. [PMID: 28582588 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201607054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Iontronics is a newly emerging interdisciplinary concept which bridges electronics and ionics, covering electrochemistry, solid-state physics, electronic engineering, and biological sciences. The recent developments of electronic devices are highlighted, based on electric double layers formed at the interface between ionic conductors (but electronically insulators) and various electronic conductors including organics and inorganics (oxides, chalcogenide, and carbon-based materials). Particular attention is devoted to electric-double-layer transistors (EDLTs), which are producing a significant impact, particularly in electrical control of phase transitions, including superconductivity, which has been difficult or impossible in conventional all-solid-state electronic devices. Besides that, the current state of the art and the future challenges of iontronics are also reviewed for many applications, including flexible electronics, healthcare-related devices, and energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satria Zulkarnaen Bisri
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Sunao Shimizu
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masaki Nakano
- Quantum Phase Electronic Center (QPEC) and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Iwasa
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Quantum Phase Electronic Center (QPEC) and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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152
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Sun L, Chen C, Zhang Q, Sohrt C, Zhao T, Xu G, Wang J, Wang D, Rossnagel K, Gu L, Tao C, Jiao L. Suppression of the Charge Density Wave State in Two-Dimensional 1T
-TiSe2
by Atmospheric Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8981-8985. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Sun
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering; Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Chuanhui Chen
- Department of Physics; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics; Institute of Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Christian Sohrt
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics; University of Kiel; 24098 Kiel Germany
| | - Tianqi Zhao
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering; Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Guanchen Xu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering; Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering; Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering; Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Kai Rossnagel
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics; University of Kiel; 24098 Kiel Germany
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics; Institute of Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Chenggang Tao
- Department of Physics; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
| | - Liying Jiao
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering; Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
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153
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Sun L, Chen C, Zhang Q, Sohrt C, Zhao T, Xu G, Wang J, Wang D, Rossnagel K, Gu L, Tao C, Jiao L. Suppression of the Charge Density Wave State in Two-Dimensional 1T
-TiSe2
by Atmospheric Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Sun
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering; Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Chuanhui Chen
- Department of Physics; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics; Institute of Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Christian Sohrt
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics; University of Kiel; 24098 Kiel Germany
| | - Tianqi Zhao
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering; Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Guanchen Xu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering; Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering; Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering; Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Kai Rossnagel
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics; University of Kiel; 24098 Kiel Germany
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics; Institute of Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Chenggang Tao
- Department of Physics; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
| | - Liying Jiao
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering; Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
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154
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Doan MH, Jin Y, Adhikari S, Lee S, Zhao J, Lim SC, Lee YH. Charge Transport in MoS 2/WSe 2 van der Waals Heterostructure with Tunable Inversion Layer. ACS NANO 2017; 11:3832-3840. [PMID: 28291323 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous studies on two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures, a full understanding of the charge transport and photoinduced current mechanisms in these structures, in particular, associated with charge depletion/inversion layers at the interface remains elusive. Here, we investigate transport properties of a prototype multilayer MoS2/WSe2 heterojunction via a tunable charge inversion/depletion layer. A charge inversion layer was constructed at the surface of WSe2 due to its relatively low doping concentration compared to that of MoS2, which can be tuned by the back-gate bias. The depletion region was limited within a few nanometers in the MoS2 side, while charges are fully depleted on the whole WSe2 side, which are determined by Raman spectroscopy and transport measurements. Charge transport through the heterojunction was influenced by the presence of the inversion layer and involves two regimes of tunneling and recombination. Furthermore, photocurrent measurements clearly revealed recombination and space-charge-limited behaviors, similar to those of the heterostructures built from organic semiconductors. This contributes to research of various other types of heterostructures and can be further applied for electronic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manh-Ha Doan
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjo Jin
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Subash Adhikari
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyub Lee
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiong Zhao
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Chu Lim
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Lee
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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155
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Mo SK. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy for the study of two-dimensional materials. NANO CONVERGENCE 2017; 4:6. [PMCID: PMC6141890 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-017-0100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Quantum systems in confined geometries allow novel physical properties that cannot easily be attained in their bulk form. These properties are governed by the changes in the band structure and the lattice symmetry, and most pronounced in their single layer limit. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is a direct tool to investigate the underlying changes of band structure to provide essential information for understanding and controlling such properties. In this review, recent progresses in ARPES as a tool to study two-dimensional atomic crystals have been presented. ARPES results from few-layer and bulk crystals of material class often referred as “beyond graphene” are discussed along with the relevant developments in the instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Kwan Mo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
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156
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Yan S, Iaia D, Morosan E, Fradkin E, Abbamonte P, Madhavan V. Influence of Domain Walls in the Incommensurate Charge Density Wave State of Cu Intercalated 1T-TiSe_{2}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:106405. [PMID: 28339234 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.106405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy study of the charge density wave (CDW) order in 1T-TiSe_{2} and Cu_{0.08}TiSe_{2}. In pristine 1T-TiSe_{2} we observe a long-range coherent commensurate CDW (CCDW) order. In contrast, Cu_{0.08}TiSe_{2} displays an incommensurate CDW (ICDW) phase with localized CCDW domains separated by domain walls. Density of states measurements indicate that the domain walls host an extra population of fermions near the Fermi level which may play a role in the emergence of superconductivity in this system. Fourier transform scanning tunneling spectroscopy studies suggest that the dominant mechanism for CDW formation in the ICDW phase may be electron-phonon coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Yan
- Department of Physics and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Davide Iaia
- Department of Physics and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Emilia Morosan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Eduardo Fradkin
- Department of Physics and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Peter Abbamonte
- Department of Physics and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Vidya Madhavan
- Department of Physics and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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157
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Qin F, Shi W, Ideue T, Yoshida M, Zak A, Tenne R, Kikitsu T, Inoue D, Hashizume D, Iwasa Y. Superconductivity in a chiral nanotube. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14465. [PMID: 28205518 PMCID: PMC5316891 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chirality of materials are known to affect optical, magnetic and electric properties, causing a variety of nontrivial phenomena such as circular dichiroism for chiral molecules, magnetic Skyrmions in chiral magnets and nonreciprocal carrier transport in chiral conductors. On the other hand, effect of chirality on superconducting transport has not been known. Here we report the nonreciprocity of superconductivity—unambiguous evidence of superconductivity reflecting chiral structure in which the forward and backward supercurrent flows are not equivalent because of inversion symmetry breaking. Such superconductivity is realized via ionic gating in individual chiral nanotubes of tungsten disulfide. The nonreciprocal signal is significantly enhanced in the superconducting state, being associated with unprecedented quantum Little-Parks oscillations originating from the interference of supercurrent along the circumference of the nanotube. The present results indicate that the nonreciprocity is a viable approach toward the superconductors with chiral or noncentrosymmetric structures. Chirality affects many properties of materials, but how it affects superconductivity remains unclear. Here, Qin et al. report nonreciprocal supercurrent flows in individual nanotubes of WS2 via ionic gating, evidencing chiral superconducting transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Qin
- Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC) and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - W Shi
- Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC) and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - T Ideue
- Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC) and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - M Yoshida
- Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC) and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - A Zak
- Faculty of Sciences, Holon Institute of Technology, 52 Golomb Street, PO Box 305, Holon 58102, Israel
| | - R Tenne
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - T Kikitsu
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - D Inoue
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - D Hashizume
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y Iwasa
- Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC) and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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158
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Zheng S, Liu F, Zhu C, Liu Z, Fan HJ. Room-temperature electrically driven phase transition of two-dimensional 1T-TaS 2 layers. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:2436-2441. [PMID: 28150828 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr07541j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to the strong electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions, the transition metal dichalcogenide 1T-TaS2 exhibits temperature dependent as well as electric field driven charge density wave (CDW) phase transitions (PTs). In this work, we investigate the thickness dependence of the electric field driven PT in 1T-TaS2 two-dimensional (2D) flakes. Electrically driven PT between high- and low-resistance states occurs at temperatures in the range of 60-300 K. For a thin 1T-TaS2 (≤8.8 nm) sample, only one PT is triggered, whereas thick films experience double PTs (13-17 nm) and multiple PTs (≥17.5 nm) until reaching the final low-resistance state. The multiple PTs may imply the existence of hidden nearly-commensurate charge density wave (NCCDW) states. In addition, a threshold electric field is observed, in which the low-resistance state is unable to resume the high-resistance state. Finally, we fabricate a 1T-TaS2/graphene hybrid field effect transistor to achieve a gate-tunable PT at room temperature. Such a hybrid device might provide a new avenue for the construction of CDW-based memories based on 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoujun Zheng
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore and Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore.
| | - Fucai Liu
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Chao Zhu
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Zheng Liu
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Hong Jin Fan
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore and Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore.
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159
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Zhang E, Chen R, Huang C, Yu J, Zhang K, Wang W, Liu S, Ling J, Wan X, Lu HZ, Xiu F. Tunable Positive to Negative Magnetoresistance in Atomically Thin WTe 2. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:878-885. [PMID: 28033014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Transitional metal ditelluride WTe2 has been extensively studied owing to its intriguing physical properties like nonsaturating positive magnetoresistance and being possibly a type-II Weyl semimetal. While surging research activities were devoted to the understanding of its bulk properties, it remains a substantial challenge to explore the pristine physics in atomically thin WTe2. Here, we report a successful synthesis of mono- to few-layer WTe2 via chemical vapor deposition. Using atomically thin WTe2 nanosheets, we discover a previously inaccessible ambipolar behavior that enables the tunability of magnetoconductance of few-layer WTe2 from weak antilocalization to weak localization, revealing a strong electrical field modulation of the spin-orbit interaction under perpendicular magnetic field. These appealing physical properties unveiled in this study clearly identify WTe2 as a promising platform for exotic electronic and spintronic device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Rui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ce Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jihai Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Kaitai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weiyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jiwei Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiangang Wan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hai-Zhou Lu
- Department of Physics, South University of Science and Technology of China , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Faxian Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
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160
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Duong DL, Ryu G, Hoyer A, Lin C, Burghard M, Kern K. Raman Characterization of the Charge Density Wave Phase of 1T-TiSe 2: From Bulk to Atomically Thin Layers. ACS NANO 2017; 11:1034-1040. [PMID: 28045499 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Raman scattering is a powerful tool for investigating the vibrational properties of two-dimensional materials. Unlike the 2H phase of many transition metal dichalcogenides, the 1T phase of TiSe2 features a Raman-active shearing and breathing mode, both of which shift toward lower energy with increasing number of layers. By systematically studying the Raman signal of 1T-TiSe2 in dependence of the sheet thickness, we demonstrate that the charge density wave transition of this compound can be reliably determined from the temperature dependence of the peak position of the Eg mode near 136 cm-1. The phase transition temperature is found to first increase with decreasing thickness of the sheets, followed by a decrease due to the effect of surface oxidation. The Raman spectroscopy-based method is expected to be applicable also to other 1T-phase transition metal dichalcogenides featuring a charge density wave transition and represents a valuable complement to electrical transport-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh Loc Duong
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gihun Ryu
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alexander Hoyer
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Chengtian Lin
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marko Burghard
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Kern
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institut de Physique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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161
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Kogar A, de la Pena GA, Lee S, Fang Y, Sun SXL, Lioi DB, Karapetrov G, Finkelstein KD, Ruff JPC, Abbamonte P, Rosenkranz S. Observation of a Charge Density Wave Incommensuration Near the Superconducting Dome in Cu_{x}TiSe_{2}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:027002. [PMID: 28128591 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.027002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
X-ray diffraction was employed to study the evolution of the charge density wave (CDW) in Cu_{x}TiSe_{2} as a function of copper intercalation in order to clarify the relationship between the CDW and superconductivity. The results show a CDW incommensuration arising at an intercalation value coincident with the onset of superconductivity at around x=0.055(5). Additionally, it was found that the charge density wave persists to higher intercalant concentrations than previously assumed, demonstrating that the CDW does not terminate inside the superconducting dome. A charge density wave peak was observed in samples up to x=0.091(6), the highest copper concentration examined in this study. The phase diagram established in this work suggests that charge density wave incommensuration may play a role in the formation of the superconducting state.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kogar
- Department of Physics and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - G A de la Pena
- Department of Physics and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Sangjun Lee
- Department of Physics and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Y Fang
- Department of Physics and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - S X-L Sun
- Department of Physics and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - D B Lioi
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - G Karapetrov
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - K D Finkelstein
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - J P C Ruff
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - P Abbamonte
- Department of Physics and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - S Rosenkranz
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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162
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Novello AM, Spera M, Scarfato A, Ubaldini A, Giannini E, Bowler DR, Renner C. Stripe and Short Range Order in the Charge Density Wave of 1T-Cu_{x}TiSe_{2}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:017002. [PMID: 28106462 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.017002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We study the impact of Cu intercalation on the charge density wave (CDW) in 1T-Cu_{x}TiSe_{2} by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. Cu atoms, identified through density functional theory modeling, are found to intercalate randomly on the octahedral site in the van der Waals gap and to dope delocalized electrons near the Fermi level. While the CDW modulation period does not depend on Cu content, we observe the formation of charge stripe domains at low Cu content (x<0.02) and a breaking up of the commensurate order into 2×2 domains at higher Cu content. The latter shrink with increasing Cu concentration and tend to be phase shifted. These findings invalidate a proposed excitonic pairing as the primary CDW formation mechanism in this material.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Novello
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - M Spera
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - A Scarfato
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - A Ubaldini
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - E Giannini
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - D R Bowler
- London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Ch Renner
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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163
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Wang J, Zheng H, Xu G, Sun L, Hu D, Lu Z, Liu L, Zheng J, Tao C, Jiao L. Controlled Synthesis of Two-Dimensional 1T-TiSe2 with Charge Density Wave Transition by Chemical Vapor Transport. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:16216-16219. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of
the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Husong Zheng
- Department
of Physics, Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Guanchen Xu
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of
the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lifei Sun
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of
the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dake Hu
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of
the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhixing Lu
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of
the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lina Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of
the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingying Zheng
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of
the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chenggang Tao
- Department
of Physics, Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Liying Jiao
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of
the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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164
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Raman Spectra of ZrS2 and ZrSe2 from Bulk to Atomically Thin Layers. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/app6090264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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165
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Xi X, Berger H, Forró L, Shan J, Mak KF. Gate Tuning of Electronic Phase Transitions in Two-Dimensional NbSe_{2}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:106801. [PMID: 27636485 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.106801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent experimental advances in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) metals have unveiled a range of interesting phenomena including the coexistence of charge-density-wave (CDW) order and superconductivity down to the monolayer limit. The atomic thickness of two-dimensional (2D) TMD metals also opens up the possibility for control of these electronic phase transitions by electrostatic gating. Here, we demonstrate reversible tuning of superconductivity and CDW order in model 2D TMD metal NbSe_{2} by an ionic liquid gate. A variation up to ∼50% in the superconducting transition temperature has been observed. Both superconductivity and CDW order can be strengthened (weakened) by increasing (reducing) the carrier density in 2D NbSe_{2}. The doping dependence of these phase transitions can be understood as driven by a varying electron-phonon coupling strength induced by the gate-modulated carrier density and the electronic density of states near the Fermi surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Xi
- Department of Physics and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
| | - Helmuth Berger
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - László Forró
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jie Shan
- Department of Physics and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
| | - Kin Fai Mak
- Department of Physics and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
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166
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Novoselov KS, Mishchenko A, Carvalho A, Castro Neto AH. 2D materials and van der Waals heterostructures. Science 2016; 353:aac9439. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aac9439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3876] [Impact Index Per Article: 484.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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167
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Kim HS, Kim S, Kim K, Min BI, Cho YH, Wang L, Cheong SW, Yeom HW. Nanoscale Superconducting Honeycomb Charge Order in IrTe2. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:4260-4265. [PMID: 27221583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Entanglement of charge orderings and other electronic orders such as superconductivity is in the core of challenging physics issues of complex materials including high temperature superconductivity. Here, we report on the observation of a unique nanometer scale honeycomb charge ordering of the cleaved IrTe2 surface, which hosts a superconducting state. IrTe2 was recently established to exhibit an intriguing cascade of stripe charge orders. The stripe phases coexist with a hexagonal phase, which is formed locally and falls into a superconducting state below 3 K. The atomic and electronic structures of the honeycomb and hexagon pattern of this phase are consistent with the charge order nature, but the superconductivity does not survive on neighboring stripe charge order domains. The present work provides an intriguing physics issue and a new direction of functionalization for two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Sung Kim
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 790-784, Korea
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Sooran Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Kyoo Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Byung Il Min
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Yong-Heum Cho
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 790-784, Korea
- Laboratory for Pohang Emergent Materials, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Lihai Wang
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 790-784, Korea
- Laboratory for Pohang Emergent Materials, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Cheong
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 790-784, Korea
- Laboratory for Pohang Emergent Materials, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 790-784, Korea
- Rutgers Center for Emergent Materials and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Han Woong Yeom
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 790-784, Korea
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 790-784, Korea
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168
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Seixas L, Rodin AS, Carvalho A, Castro Neto AH. Multiferroic Two-Dimensional Materials. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:206803. [PMID: 27258881 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.206803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The relation between unusual Mexican-hat band dispersion, ferromagnetism, and ferroelasticity is investigated using a combination of analytical, first-principles, and phenomenological methods. The class of material with Mexican-hat band edge is studied using the α-SnO monolayer as a prototype. Such a band edge causes a van Hove singularity diverging with 1/sqrt[E], and a charge doping in these bands can lead to time-reversal symmetry breaking. Herein, we show that a material with Mexican-hat band dispersion, α-SnO, can be ferroelastic or paraelastic depending on the number of layers. Also, an unexpected multiferroic phase is obtained in a range of hole density for which the material presents ferromagnetism and ferroelasticity simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Seixas
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- MackGraphe-Graphene and Nanomaterials Research Center, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, 01302-907 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A S Rodin
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - A Carvalho
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - A H Castro Neto
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
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169
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Abbamonte P. 2D superconductivity: Electric tuning of many-body states. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 11:115-116. [PMID: 26839256 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Abbamonte
- Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, 104 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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