151
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Ghosh P, Swanson L, Sayed IM, Mittal Y, Lim BB, Ibeawuchi SR, Foretz M, Viollet B, Sahoo D, Das S. The stress polarity signaling (SPS) pathway serves as a marker and a target in the leaky gut barrier: implications in aging and cancer. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:e201900481. [PMID: 32041849 PMCID: PMC7012149 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut barrier separates trillions of microbes from the largest immune system in the body; when compromised, a "leaky" gut barrier fuels systemic inflammation, which hastens the progression of chronic diseases. Strategies to detect and repair the leaky gut barrier remain urgent and unmet needs. Recently, a stress-polarity signaling (SPS) pathway has been described in which the metabolic sensor, AMP-kinase acts via its effector, GIV (also known as Girdin) to augment epithelial polarity exclusively under energetic stress and suppresses tumor formation. Using murine and human colon-derived organoids, and enteroid-derived monolayers (EDMs) that are exposed to stressors, we reveal that the SPS-pathway is active in the intestinal epithelium and requires a catalytically active AMP-kinase. Its pharmacologic augmentation resists stress-induced collapse of the epithelium when challenged with microbes or microbial products. In addition, the SPS-pathway is suppressed in the aging gut, and its reactivation in enteroid-derived monolayers reverses aging-associated inflammation and loss of barrier function. It is also silenced during progression of colorectal cancers. These findings reveal the importance of the SPS-pathway in the gut and highlights its therapeutic potential for treating gut barrier dysfunction in aging, cancer, and dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center at UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lee Swanson
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ibrahim M Sayed
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt
| | - Yash Mittal
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Blaze B Lim
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Marc Foretz
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (French Institute of Health and Medical Research) (INSERM) U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (National Center for Scientific Research) (CNRS) United for Medical Research (UMR) 8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (French Institute of Health and Medical Research) (INSERM) U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (National Center for Scientific Research) (CNRS) United for Medical Research (UMR) 8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Debashis Sahoo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jacob's School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Soumita Das
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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152
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Kawashima H, Ozawa Y, Toda E, Homma K, Osada H, Narimatsu T, Nagai N, Tsubota K. Neuroprotective and vision-protective effect of preserving ATP levels by AMPK activator. FASEB J 2020; 34:5016-5026. [PMID: 32090372 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902387rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Progression of blinding diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, is accelerated by light exposure. However, no particular intervention is applied to the photostress. Here, we report neuroprotective effects of the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), on light-induced visual function impairment, photoreceptor disorders and death in mice. Increase in retinal ATP levels in response to photostress was transient, because oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) activity were reduced under photostress. However, AICAR treatment preserved OCR, CcO activity, and high levels of retinal ATP after light exposure. AMPK knockdown in the photoreceptor-derived cell line revealed that AMPK targeted CcO activity. Further, our data indicated that photostress reduced mitochondrial respiratory function and ATP levels, while AICAR treatment promoted neuronal survival and retained visual function, stabilizing ATP levels through preserved CcO activity. The current study has provided proof of concept for providing cells with sufficient energy to promote cell survival in the presence of cellular stress. This is in contrast to the previous reports which primarily investigated therapeutic approaches to suppress stress signals. Hence, stabilization of the ATP supply may serve as a novel therapeutic approach to support tissue survival under stress and prevent neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohiko Kawashima
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Ozawa
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eriko Toda
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Homma
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideto Osada
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Narimatsu
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiro Nagai
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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153
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Fogha J, Diharce J, Obled A, Aci-Sèche S, Bonnet P. Computational Analysis of Crystallization Additives for the Identification of New Allosteric Sites. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:2114-2122. [PMID: 32064372 PMCID: PMC7016913 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Allosteric effect can modulate the biological activity of a protein. Thus, the discovery of new allosteric sites is very attractive for designing new modulators or inhibitors. Here, we propose an innovative way to identify allosteric sites, based on crystallization additives (CA), used to stabilize proteins during the crystallization process. Density and clustering analyses of CA, applied on protein kinase and nuclear receptor families, revealed that CA are not randomly distributed around protein structures, but they tend to aggregate near common sites. All orthosteric and allosteric cavities described in the literature are retrieved from the analysis of CA distribution. In addition, new sites were identified, which could be associated to putative allosteric sites. We proposed an efficient and easy way to use the structural information of CA to identify allosteric sites. This method could assist medicinal chemists for the design of new allosteric compounds targeting cavities of new drug targets.
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154
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He L, Long J, Zhou X, Liu Y, Li T, Wu X. Serine is required for the maintenance of redox balance and proliferation in the intestine under oxidative stress. FASEB J 2020; 34:4702-4717. [PMID: 32030825 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902690r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Serine has critical roles in maintaining cell growth and redox balance in cancer cells. However, the role of exogenous serine played in oxidative response and proliferation in normal mammalian intestine need to be further elucidated. We used a mouse model and intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) to reveal that exogenous serine deficiency did not lead to redox imbalance and inhibition of proliferation in the intestine. However, serine deficiency exacerbated oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and inhibition of proliferation in IPEC-J2 cells challenged by hydrogen peroxide, while serine supplementation rescued redox imbalance and those proliferation defects. Importantly, serine supplementation restored the glutathione content and decreased the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, while no such effects were observed when glutathione synthesis was inhibited. Additionally, serine supplementation increased nuclear nrf2 expression in IPEC-J2 cells. These results suggested that serine alleviates oxidative stress through supporting glutathione synthesis and activating nrf2 signaling. We further found that serine supplementation activated the mTOR pathway, while inhibition of mTOR diminished the effects of serine on promoting proliferation, suggesting critical roles of the mTOR pathway in this context. Taken together, our study underlines the importance of serine in the maintenance of redox status and proliferation in the intestine and reveals a novel potential mechanism that mediates these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqin He
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Long
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xihong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yonghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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155
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Steinberg GR, Carling D. AMP-activated protein kinase: the current landscape for drug development. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 18:527-551. [PMID: 30867601 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a central regulator of energy homeostasis, many exciting insights into its structure, regulation and physiological roles have been revealed. While exercise, caloric restriction, metformin and many natural products increase AMPK activity and exert a multitude of health benefits, developing direct activators of AMPK to elicit beneficial effects has been challenging. However, in recent years, direct AMPK activators have been identified and tested in preclinical models, and a small number have entered clinical trials. Despite these advances, which disease(s) represent the best indications for therapeutic AMPK activation and the long-term safety of such approaches remain to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - David Carling
- Cellular Stress Group, Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
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156
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Novel antioxidant astaxanthin-s-allyl cysteine biconjugate diminished oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction to triumph diabetes in rat model. Life Sci 2020; 245:117367. [PMID: 32001265 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The present study determines the effect of administration of novel antioxidant astaxanthin-s-allyl cysteine biconjugate (AST-SAC) against streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) in rats. MAIN METHODS AST-SAC (1 mg/kg/day) was treated against DM in rats for 45 days. The oxidative stress, antioxidants level, insulin secretion, activities of various carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes were studied. The glucose uptake in L6 myotubes was studied. In addition, in silico analysis of interaction of AST-SAC with proteins such as insulin receptor (IR) and 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were carried out. KEY FINDINGS Administration of AST-SAC in DM rats has protected the mitochondrial function (decreased oxidative stress and normalized oxidative phosphorylation activities) and antioxidant capacity of the pancreas which has resulted in beta cells rejuvenation and insulin secretion restoration. AST-SAC decreased the alpha-glucosidases activities to bring glycemic control in DM rats. Due to these effects the glycoprotein components and lipids were restored to near normalcy in DM rats. AST-SAC protected the antioxidant status of liver, kidney and plasma; and curbed the progression of secondary complications of DM. AST-SAC treatment stimulated glucose uptake in L6 myotubes in in vitro. To support this observation, AST-SAC interacted with proteins such as IR and AMPK in silico. SIGNIFICANCE AST-SAC can be considered as "multi-target-directed ligand", that is, through these manifold effects, AST-SAC has been able to prevail over DM in rats.
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157
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Moonira T, Chachra SS, Ford BE, Marin S, Alshawi A, Adam-Primus NS, Arden C, Al-Oanzi ZH, Foretz M, Viollet B, Cascante M, Agius L. Metformin lowers glucose 6-phosphate in hepatocytes by activation of glycolysis downstream of glucose phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:3330-3346. [PMID: 31974165 PMCID: PMC7062158 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The chronic effects of metformin on liver gluconeogenesis involve repression of the G6pc gene, which is regulated by the carbohydrate-response element-binding protein through raised cellular intermediates of glucose metabolism. In this study we determined the candidate mechanisms by which metformin lowers glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) in mouse and rat hepatocytes challenged with high glucose or gluconeogenic precursors. Cell metformin loads in the therapeutic range lowered cell G6P but not ATP and decreased G6pc mRNA at high glucose. The G6P lowering by metformin was mimicked by a complex 1 inhibitor (rotenone) and an uncoupler (dinitrophenol) and by overexpression of mGPDH, which lowers glycerol 3-phosphate and G6P and also mimics the G6pc repression by metformin. In contrast, direct allosteric activators of AMPK (A-769662, 991, and C-13) had opposite effects from metformin on glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and cell G6P. The G6P lowering by metformin, which also occurs in hepatocytes from AMPK knockout mice, is best explained by allosteric regulation of phosphofructokinase-1 and/or fructose bisphosphatase-1, as supported by increased metabolism of [3-3H]glucose relative to [2-3H]glucose; by an increase in the lactate m2/m1 isotopolog ratio from [1,2-13C2]glucose; by lowering of glycerol 3-phosphate an allosteric inhibitor of phosphofructokinase-1; and by marked G6P elevation by selective inhibition of phosphofructokinase-1; but not by a more reduced cytoplasmic NADH/NAD redox state. We conclude that therapeutically relevant doses of metformin lower G6P in hepatocytes challenged with high glucose by stimulation of glycolysis by an AMP-activated protein kinase-independent mechanism through changes in allosteric effectors of phosphofructokinase-1 and fructose bisphosphatase-1, including AMP, Pi, and glycerol 3-phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabassum Moonira
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Shruti S Chachra
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Brian E Ford
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Marin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; CIBEREHD and Metabolomics Node at INB-Bioinformatics Platform, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ahmed Alshawi
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha S Adam-Primus
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Arden
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Ziad H Al-Oanzi
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Foretz
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris 75014, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75014, France
| | - Benoit Viollet
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris 75014, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75014, France
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; CIBEREHD and Metabolomics Node at INB-Bioinformatics Platform, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Loranne Agius
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom.
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158
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Perim RR, Fields DP, Mitchell GS. Spinal AMP kinase activity differentially regulates phrenic motor plasticity. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:523-533. [PMID: 31971473 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00546.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) elicits phrenic motor plasticity via multiple distinct cellular mechanisms. With moderate AIH, phrenic motor facilitation (pMF) requires Gq protein-coupled serotonin type 2 receptor activation, ERK MAP kinase activity, and new synthesis of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. In contrast, severe AIH elicits pMF by an adenosine-dependent mechanism that requires exchange protein activated by cAMP, Akt, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity, followed by new tyrosine receptor kinase B protein synthesis; this same pathway is also initiated by Gs protein-coupled serotonin 7 receptors (5-HT7). Because the metabolic sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibits mTOR-dependent protein synthesis, and mTOR signaling is necessary for 5-HT7 but not 5-HT2 receptor-induced pMF, we hypothesized that spinal AMPK activity differentially regulates pMF elicited by these distinct receptor subtypes. Serotonin type 2A receptor [5-HT2A; (±)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine hydrochloride] or 5-HT7 (AS-19) receptor agonists were administered intrathecally at C4 (3 injections, 5-min intervals) while recording integrated phrenic nerve activity in anesthetized, vagotomized, paralyzed, and ventilated rats. Consistent with our hypothesis, spinal AMPK activation with 2-deoxyglucose or metformin blocked 5-HT7, but not 5-HT2A receptor-induced pMF; in both cases, pMF inhibition was reversed by spinal administration of the AMPK inhibitor compound C. Thus, AMPK differentially regulates cellular mechanisms of serotonin-induced phrenic motor plasticity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Spinal AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) overactivity, induced by local 2-deoxyglucose or metformin administration, constrains serotonin 7 (5-HT7) receptor-induced (but not serotonin type 2A receptor-induced) respiratory motor facilitation, indicating that metabolic challenges might regulate specific forms of respiratory motor plasticity. Pharmacological blockade of spinal AMPK activity restores 5-HT7 receptor-induced respiratory motor facilitation in the presence of either 2-deoxyglucose or metformin, showing that AMPK is an important regulator of 5-HT7 receptor-induced respiratory motor plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Rodrigues Perim
- Center for Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Therapy and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Daryl P Fields
- Center for Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Therapy and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Gordon S Mitchell
- Center for Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Therapy and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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159
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ZEA-induced autophagy in TM4 cells was mediated by the release of Ca 2+ activates CaMKKβ-AMPK signaling pathway in the endoplasmic reticulum. Toxicol Lett 2020; 323:1-9. [PMID: 31982503 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a prevalent non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin produced mainly by Fusarium contamination. Our previous study showed that ZEA induces the autophagy of Sertoli cells (SCs). However, the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. Several studies have indicated that the increasing level of cytoplasmic Ca2+ could induce autophagy through CaMKKβ and AMPK pathways. Thus in order to investigate the potential mechanism underlying ZEA-induced autophagy, the activity of calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase β(CaMKKβ)and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway in ZEA-infected TM4 cells was studied. In the present study, ZEA activated the CaMKKβ and AMPK signaling pathways. The AMPK inhibitor and activator significantly inhibited and stimulated the effect of ZEA on AMPK, the transformation from LC3I to LC3II, and the distribution of LC3 dots. In addition, cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) was increased gradually with the concentration of ZEA. After treatment of ZEA-infected cells with 1, 2-bis (2-aminophenoxy) ethane-N, N, N', N'- tetraacetic acid- tetraac etoxymethyl ester (BAPTA-AM) and 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2-APB), the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ reduced significantly. Also, the activities of CaMKKβ and AMPK and subsequent autophagy decreased. Moreover, the antioxidant NAC significantly decreased activities of AMPK and autophagy -related protein. Therefore, it can be speculated that ROS- mediated ER-stress induced by ZEA activates AMPK via Ca2+-CaMKKβ leading to autophagy in TM4 cells.
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160
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Flavonoid derivatives synthesis and anti-diabetic activities. Bioorg Chem 2019; 95:103501. [PMID: 31864905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In high fat diet-induced obese mice, the flavonoid derivative of tiliroside, Fla-CN, has antihyperglycemic effects, can improve insulin sensitivity, ameliorate metabolic lipid disorders, and benefits certain disorders characterized by insulin resistance. Fla-CN is a novel lead compound to discovery anti-diabetic and anti-obesity drugs. The present study reported the optimization of Fla-CN to obtain a new derivative, 10b, which has improved glucose consumption at the nanomolar level (EC50 = 0.3 nM) in insulin resistant (IR) HepG2 cells. 10b also increased the glycogen content and glucose uptake, and concurrently inhibited gluconeogenesis in HepG2 cells. Western blotting showed that 10b markedly enhanced the phosphorylation of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) and AS160 (protein kinase B substrate of 160 kDa) and reduced the levels of the gluconeogenesis key enzymes PEPCK (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase) and G6P (glucose 6-phosphatase) in HepG2 cells. The potential molecular mechanism of 10b may be activation of the AMPK/AS160 and AMPK/PEPCK/G6P pathways. We concluded that 10b might be a valuable candidate to discover anti-diabetic drugs.
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161
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Jayarajan V, Appukuttan A, Aslam M, Reusch P, Regitz-Zagrosek V, Ladilov Y. Regulation of AMPK activity by type 10 adenylyl cyclase: contribution to the mitochondrial biology, cellular redox and energy homeostasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4945-4959. [PMID: 31172217 PMCID: PMC11105217 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03152-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The downregulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity contributes to numerous pathologies. Recent reports suggest that the elevation of cellular cAMP promotes AMPK activity. However, the source of the cAMP pool that controls AMPK activity remains unknown. Mammalian cells possess two cAMP sources: membrane-bound adenylyl cyclase (tmAC) and intracellularly localized, type 10 soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC). Due to the localization of sAC and AMPK in similar intracellular compartments, we hypothesized that sAC may control AMPK activity. In this study, sAC expression and activity were manipulated in H9C2 cells, adult rat cardiomyocytes or endothelial cells. sAC knockdown depleted the cellular cAMP content and decreased AMPK activity in an EPAC-dependent manner. Functionally, sAC knockdown reduced cellular ATP content, increased mitochondrial ROS formation and led to mitochondrial depolarization. Furthermore, sAC downregulation led to EPAC-dependent mitophagy disturbance, indicated by an increased mitochondrial mass and unaffected mitochondrial biogenesis. Consistently, sAC overexpression or stimulation with bicarbonate significantly increased AMPK activity and cellular ATP content. In contrast, tmAC inhibition or stimulation produced no effect on AMPK activity. Therefore, the sAC-EPAC axis may regulate basal and induced AMPK activity and support mitophagy, cellular energy and redox homeostasis. The study argues for sAC as a potential target in treating pathologies associated with AMPK downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Jayarajan
- Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Gender in Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Avinash Appukuttan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Internal Medicine I/Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany
- Experimental Cardiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter Reusch
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Vera Regitz-Zagrosek
- Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Gender in Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yury Ladilov
- Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Gender in Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany.
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin Partner Site, Berlin, Germany.
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162
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Reciprocal Association between the Apical Junctional Complex and AMPK: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Epithelial/Endothelial Barrier Function? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236012. [PMID: 31795328 PMCID: PMC6928779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial/endothelial cells adhere to each other via cell–cell junctions including tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs). TJs and AJs are spatiotemporally and functionally integrated, and are thus often collectively defined as apical junctional complexes (AJCs), regulating a number of spatiotemporal events including paracellular barrier, selective permeability, apicobasal cell polarity, mechano-sensing, intracellular signaling cascades, and epithelial morphogenesis. Over the past 15 years, it has been acknowledged that adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a well-known central regulator of energy metabolism, has a reciprocal association with AJCs. Here, we review the current knowledge of this association and show the following evidences: (1) as an upstream regulator, AJs activate the liver kinase B1 (LKB1)–AMPK axis particularly in response to applied junctional tension, and (2) TJ function and apicobasal cell polarization are downstream targets of AMPK and are promoted by AMPK activation. Although molecular mechanisms underlying these phenomena have not yet been completely elucidated, identifications of novel AMPK effectors in AJCs and AMPK-driven epithelial transcription factors have enhanced our knowledge. More intensive studies along this line would eventually lead to the development of AMPK-based therapies, enabling us to manipulate epithelial/endothelial barrier function.
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163
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Olivier S, Leclerc J, Grenier A, Foretz M, Tamburini J, Viollet B. AMPK Activation Promotes Tight Junction Assembly in Intestinal Epithelial Caco-2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5171. [PMID: 31635305 PMCID: PMC6829419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is principally known as a major regulator of cellular energy status, but it has been recently shown to play a key structural role in cell-cell junctions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of AMPK activation on the reassembly of tight junctions in intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. We generated Caco-2 cells invalidated for AMPK α1/α2 (AMPK dKO) by CRISPR/Cas9 technology and evaluated the effect of the direct AMPK activator 991 on the reassembly of tight junctions following a calcium switch assay. We analyzed the integrity of the epithelial barrier by measuring the trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), the paracellular permeability, and quantification of zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) deposit at plasma membrane by immunofluorescence. Here, we demonstrated that AMPK deletion induced a delay in tight junction reassembly and relocalization at the plasma membrane during calcium switch, leading to impairments in the establishment of TEER and paracellular permeability. We also showed that 991-induced AMPK activation accelerated the reassembly and reorganization of tight junctions, improved the development of TEER and paracellular permeability after calcium switch. Thus, our results show that AMPK activation ensures a better recovery of epithelial barrier function following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Olivier
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, F-75014 Paris, France.
| | - Jocelyne Leclerc
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, F-75014 Paris, France.
| | - Adrien Grenier
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, F-75014 Paris, France.
| | - Marc Foretz
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, F-75014 Paris, France.
| | - Jérôme Tamburini
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, F-75014 Paris, France.
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, F-75014 Paris, France.
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164
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Wang J, Fang L, Wu Q, Li D, Huo Z, Yan X. Genome-wide identification and characterization of the AMPK genes and their distinct expression patterns in response to air exposure in the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum). Genes Genomics 2019; 42:1-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00872-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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165
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Zhao RQ. Expression, purification and characterization of the plant Snf1-related protein kinase 1 from Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 162:24-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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166
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Janeček Š, Mareček F, MacGregor EA, Svensson B. Starch-binding domains as CBM families-history, occurrence, structure, function and evolution. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107451. [PMID: 31536775 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The term "starch-binding domain" (SBD) has been applied to a domain within an amylolytic enzyme that gave the enzyme the ability to bind onto raw, i.e. thermally untreated, granular starch. An SBD is a special case of a carbohydrate-binding domain, which in general, is a structurally and functionally independent protein module exhibiting no enzymatic activity but possessing potential to target the catalytic domain to the carbohydrate substrate to accommodate it and process it at the active site. As so-called families, SBDs together with other carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) have become an integral part of the CAZy database (http://www.cazy.org/). The first two well-described SBDs, i.e. the C-terminal Aspergillus-type and the N-terminal Rhizopus-type have been assigned the families CBM20 and CBM21, respectively. Currently, among the 85 established CBM families in CAZy, fifteen can be considered as families having SBD functional characteristics: CBM20, 21, 25, 26, 34, 41, 45, 48, 53, 58, 68, 69, 74, 82 and 83. All known SBDs, with the exception of the extra long CBM74, were recognized as a module consisting of approximately 100 residues, adopting a β-sandwich fold and possessing at least one carbohydrate-binding site. The present review aims to deliver and describe: (i) the SBD identification in different amylolytic and related enzymes (e.g., CAZy GH families) as well as in other relevant enzymes and proteins (e.g., laforin, the β-subunit of AMPK, and others); (ii) information on the position in the polypeptide chain and the number of SBD copies and their CBM family affiliation (if appropriate); (iii) structure/function studies of SBDs with a special focus on solved tertiary structures, in particular, as complexes with α-glucan ligands; and (iv) the evolutionary relationships of SBDs in a tree common to all SBD CBM families (except for the extra long CBM74). Finally, some special cases and novel potential SBDs are also introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Štefan Janeček
- Laboratory of Protein Evolution, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, SK-84551 Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of SS. Cyril and Methodius, Nám. J. Herdu 2, SK-91701 Trnava, Slovakia.
| | - Filip Mareček
- Laboratory of Protein Evolution, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, SK-84551 Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of SS. Cyril and Methodius, Nám. J. Herdu 2, SK-91701 Trnava, Slovakia
| | - E Ann MacGregor
- 2 Nicklaus Green, Livingston EH54 8RX, West Lothian, United Kingdom
| | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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167
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Li M, Zhang CS, Zong Y, Feng JW, Ma T, Hu M, Lin Z, Li X, Xie C, Wu Y, Jiang D, Li Y, Zhang C, Tian X, Wang W, Yang Y, Chen J, Cui J, Wu YQ, Chen X, Liu QF, Wu J, Lin SY, Ye Z, Liu Y, Piao HL, Yu L, Zhou Z, Xie XS, Hardie DG, Lin SC. Transient Receptor Potential V Channels Are Essential for Glucose Sensing by Aldolase and AMPK. Cell Metab 2019; 30:508-524.e12. [PMID: 31204282 PMCID: PMC6720459 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) aldolase links sensing of declining glucose availability to AMPK activation via the lysosomal pathway. However, how aldolase transmits lack of occupancy by FBP to AMPK activation remains unclear. Here, we show that FBP-unoccupied aldolase interacts with and inhibits endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized transient receptor potential channel subfamily V, inhibiting calcium release in low glucose. The decrease of calcium at contact sites between ER and lysosome renders the inhibited TRPV accessible to bind the lysosomal v-ATPase that then recruits AXIN:LKB1 to activate AMPK independently of AMP. Genetic depletion of TRPVs blocks glucose starvation-induced AMPK activation in cells and liver of mice, and in nematodes, indicative of physical requirement of TRPVs. Pharmacological inhibition of TRPVs activates AMPK and elevates NAD+ levels in aged muscles, rejuvenating the animals' running capacity. Our study elucidates that TRPVs relay the FBP-free status of aldolase to the reconfiguration of v-ATPase, leading to AMPK activation in low glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102 Fujian, China
| | - Chen-Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102 Fujian, China
| | - Yue Zong
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102 Fujian, China
| | - Jin-Wei Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102 Fujian, China
| | - Teng Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102 Fujian, China
| | - Meiqin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Zhizhong Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102 Fujian, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102 Fujian, China
| | - Changchuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102 Fujian, China
| | - Yaying Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102 Fujian, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Cixiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102 Fujian, China
| | - Xiao Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102 Fujian, China
| | - Wen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Scientific Research Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023 Dalian, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Jiwen Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102 Fujian, China
| | - Yu-Qing Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102 Fujian, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102 Fujian, China
| | - Qing-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102 Fujian, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102 Fujian, China
| | - Shu-Yong Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102 Fujian, China
| | - Zhiyun Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102 Fujian, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Long Piao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Scientific Research Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023 Dalian, China
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Zhuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Song Xie
- McDermott Center of Human Growth and Development MC8591, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - D Grahame Hardie
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland
| | - Sheng-Cai Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102 Fujian, China.
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168
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Mohammadinejad R, Ahmadi Z, Tavakol S, Ashrafizadeh M. Berberine as a potential autophagy modulator. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14914-14926. [PMID: 30770555 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Today, pharmacognosy is considered a valuable science in the prevention and treatment of diseases. Among herbals, Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid found in the Berberis species. Surprisingly, it shows antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiarrheal, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory potential. Furthermore, it diminishes drug resistance in cancer therapy and enhances tumor suppression in part through autophagy and cell cycle arrest mechanisms. In the present review, we discuss the effect of berberine on diverse cellular pathways and describe how berberine acts as an autophagy modulator to adjust physiologic and pathologic conditions and diminishes drug resistance in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mohammadinejad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Ahmadi
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad Branch, Shushtar, Khuzestan, Iran
| | - Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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169
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Collodet C, Foretz M, Deak M, Bultot L, Metairon S, Viollet B, Lefebvre G, Raymond F, Parisi A, Civiletto G, Gut P, Descombes P, Sakamoto K. AMPK promotes induction of the tumor suppressor FLCN through activation of TFEB independently of mTOR. FASEB J 2019; 33:12374-12391. [PMID: 31404503 PMCID: PMC6902666 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900841r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AMPK is a central regulator of energy homeostasis. AMPK not only elicits acute metabolic responses but also promotes metabolic reprogramming and adaptations in the long-term through regulation of specific transcription factors and coactivators. We performed a whole-genome transcriptome profiling in wild-type (WT) and AMPK-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and primary hepatocytes that had been treated with 2 distinct classes of small-molecule AMPK activators. We identified unique compound-dependent gene expression signatures and several AMPK-regulated genes, including folliculin (Flcn), which encodes the tumor suppressor FLCN. Bioinformatics analysis highlighted the lysosomal pathway and the associated transcription factor EB (TFEB) as a key transcriptional mediator responsible for AMPK responses. AMPK-induced Flcn expression was abolished in MEFs lacking TFEB and transcription factor E3, 2 transcription factors with partially redundant function; additionally, the promoter activity of Flcn was profoundly reduced when its putative TFEB-binding site was mutated. The AMPK-TFEB-FLCN axis is conserved across species; swimming exercise in WT zebrafish induced Flcn expression in muscle, which was significantly reduced in AMPK-deficient zebrafish. Mechanistically, we have found that AMPK promotes dephosphorylation and nuclear localization of TFEB independently of mammalian target of rapamycin activity. Collectively, we identified the novel AMPK-TFEB-FLCN axis, which may function as a key cascade for cellular and metabolic adaptations.—Collodet, C., Foretz, M., Deak, M., Bultot, L., Metairon, S., Viollet, B., Lefebvre, G., Raymond, F., Parisi, A., Civiletto, G., Gut, P., Descombes, P., Sakamoto, K. AMPK promotes induction of the tumor suppressor FLCN through activation of TFEB independently of mTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Collodet
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc Foretz
- INSERM Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Maria Deak
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Bultot
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylviane Metairon
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benoit Viollet
- INSERM Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Gregory Lefebvre
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frederic Raymond
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alice Parisi
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Civiletto
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Gut
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Descombes
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
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170
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Momtaz S, Salek-Maghsoudi A, Abdolghaffari AH, Jasemi E, Rezazadeh S, Hassani S, Ziaee M, Abdollahi M, Behzad S, Nabavi SM. Polyphenols targeting diabetes via the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway; future approach to drug discovery. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2019; 56:472-492. [PMID: 31418340 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1648376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Regarding the widespread progression of diabetes, its related complications and detrimental effects on human health, investigations on this subject seems compulsory. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a serine/threonine kinase and a key player in energy metabolism regulation. AMPK is also considered as a prime target for pharmaceutical and therapeutic studies on disorders such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity, where the body energy homeostasis is imbalanced. Following the activation of AMPK (physiological or pharmacological), a cascade of metabolic events that improve metabolic health is triggered. While there are several publications on this subject, this is the first report that has focused solely on polyphenols targeting diabetes via AMPK pathway. The multiple characteristics of polyphenolic compounds and their favorable influence on diabetes pathogenesis, as well as their intersections with the AMPK signaling pathway, indicate that these compounds have a beneficial effect on the regulation of glucose homeostasis. PPs could potentially occupy a significant position in the future anti-diabetic drug market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR , Karaj , Iran.,Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Armin Salek-Maghsoudi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR , Karaj , Iran.,Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tehran , Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Eghbal Jasemi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR , Karaj , Iran
| | - Shamsali Rezazadeh
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR , Karaj , Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Hassani
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ziaee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Sahar Behzad
- Evidence-Based Phytotherapy and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences , Karaj , Iran.,Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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171
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Francini F, Schinella GR, Ríos JL. Activation of AMPK by Medicinal Plants and Natural Products: Its Role in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:880-901. [PMID: 30484403 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666181128120726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Type-2 Diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disease characterized by permanent hyperglycemia, whose development can be prevented or delayed by using therapeutic agents and implementing lifestyle changes. Some therapeutic alternatives include regulation of glycemia through modulation of different mediators and enzymes, such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a highly relevant cellular energy sensor for metabolic homeostasis regulation, with particular relevance in the modulation of liver and muscle insulin sensitivity. This makes it a potential therapeutic target for antidiabetic drugs. In fact, some of them are standard drugs used for treatment of T2D, such as biguanides and thiazolidindiones. In this review, we compile the principal natural products that are activators of AMPK and their effect on glucose metabolism, which could make them candidates as future antidiabetic agents. Phenolics such as flavonoids and resveratrol, alkaloids such as berberine, and some saponins are potential natural activators of AMPK with a potential future as antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Francini
- Centro de Endocrinologia Experimental y Aplicada, (CONICET-CCT La Plata-UNLP FCM, CEAS CICPBA), Argentina
| | - Guillermo R Schinella
- Cátedra de Farmacología Básica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina.,Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, La Plata, Argentina
| | - José-Luis Ríos
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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172
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Potunuru UR, Priya KV, Varsha MS, Mehta N, Chandel S, Manoj N, Raman T, Ramar M, Gromiha MM, Dixit M. Amarogentin, a secoiridoid glycoside, activates AMP- activated protein kinase (AMPK) to exert beneficial vasculo-metabolic effects. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:1270-1282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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173
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Vara-Ciruelos D, Russell FM, Hardie DG. The strange case of AMPK and cancer: Dr Jekyll or Mr Hyde? †. Open Biol 2019; 9:190099. [PMID: 31288625 PMCID: PMC6685927 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) acts as a cellular energy sensor. Once switched on by increases in cellular AMP : ATP ratios, it acts to restore energy homeostasis by switching on catabolic pathways while switching off cell growth and proliferation. The canonical AMP-dependent mechanism of activation requires the upstream kinase LKB1, which was identified genetically to be a tumour suppressor. AMPK can also be switched on by increases in intracellular Ca2+, by glucose starvation and by DNA damage via non-canonical, AMP-independent pathways. Genetic studies of the role of AMPK in mouse cancer suggest that, before disease arises, AMPK acts as a tumour suppressor that protects against cancer, with this protection being further enhanced by AMPK activators such as the biguanide phenformin. However, once cancer has occurred, AMPK switches to being a tumour promoter instead, enhancing cancer cell survival by protecting against metabolic, oxidative and genotoxic stresses. Studies of genetic changes in human cancer also suggest diverging roles for genes encoding subunit isoforms, with some being frequently amplified, while others are mutated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - D. Grahame Hardie
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
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Saline M, Badertscher L, Wolter M, Lau R, Gunnarsson A, Jacso T, Norris T, Ottmann C, Snijder A. AMPK and AKT protein kinases hierarchically phosphorylate the N-terminus of the FOXO1 transcription factor, modulating interactions with 14-3-3 proteins. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:13106-13116. [PMID: 31308176 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) is a transcription factor involved in various cellular processes such as glucose metabolism, development, stress resistance, and tumor suppression. FOXO1's transcriptional activity is controlled by different environmental cues through a myriad of posttranslational modifications. In response to growth factors, the serine/threonine kinase AKT phosphorylates Thr24 and Ser256 in FOXO1 to stimulate binding of 14-3-3 proteins, causing FOXO1 inactivation. In contrast, low nutrient and energy levels induce FOXO1 activity. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a master regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, partly mediates this effect through phosphorylation of Ser383 and Thr649 in FOXO1. In this study, we identified Ser22 as an additional AMPK phosphorylation site in FOXO1's N terminus, with Ser22 phosphorylation preventing binding of 14-3-3 proteins. The crystal structure of a FOXO1 peptide in complex with 14-3-3 σ at 2.3 Å resolution revealed that this is a consequence of both steric hindrance and electrostatic repulsion. Furthermore, we found that AMPK-mediated Ser22 phosphorylation impairs Thr24 phosphorylation by AKT in a hierarchical manner. Thus, numerous mechanisms maintain FOXO1 activity via AMPK signaling. AMPK-mediated Ser22 phosphorylation directly and indirectly averts binding of 14-3-3 proteins, whereas phosphorylation of Ser383 and Thr649 complementarily stimulates FOXO1 activity. Our results shed light on a mechanism that integrates inputs from both AMPK and AKT signaling pathways in a small motif to fine-tune FOXO1 transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Saline
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lukas Badertscher
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Madita Wolter
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Roxanne Lau
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anders Gunnarsson
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tomas Jacso
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tyrrell Norris
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Snijder
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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175
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Li Q, Wang Y, Wu S, Zhou Z, Ding X, Shi R, Thorne RF, Zhang XD, Hu W, Wu M. CircACC1 Regulates Assembly and Activation of AMPK Complex under Metabolic Stress. Cell Metab 2019; 30:157-173.e7. [PMID: 31155494 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report that circACC1, a circular RNA derived from human ACC1, plays a critical role in cellular responses to metabolic stress. CircACC1 is preferentially produced over ACC1 in response to serum deprivation by the transcription factor c-Jun. It functions to stabilize and promote the enzymatic activity of the AMPK holoenzyme by forming a ternary complex with the regulatory β and γ subunits. The cellular levels of circACC1 modulate both fatty acid β-oxidation and glycolysis, resulting in profound changes in cellular lipid storage. In a tumor xenograft model, silencing or enforced expression of circACC1 resulted in growth inhibition and enhancement, respectively. Moreover, increased AMPK activation in colorectal cancer tissues was frequently associated with elevated circACC1 expression. We conclude that circACC1 serves as an economic means to elicit AMPK activation and moreover propose that cancer cells exploit circACC1 during metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidong Li
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity & Chronic Disease, CAS Center for Excellence in Cell & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yichun Wang
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity & Chronic Disease, CAS Center for Excellence in Cell & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Zhong Zhou
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity & Chronic Disease, CAS Center for Excellence in Cell & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaojuan Ding
- Department of Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Ronghua Shi
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity & Chronic Disease, CAS Center for Excellence in Cell & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Rick F Thorne
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation & Modification, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2258, Australia
| | - Xu Dong Zhang
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation & Modification, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Wanglai Hu
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation & Modification, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Department of Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230027, China.
| | - Mian Wu
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity & Chronic Disease, CAS Center for Excellence in Cell & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation & Modification, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
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176
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Koene LMC, van Grondelle SE, Proietti Onori M, Wallaard I, Kooijman NHRM, van Oort A, Schreiber J, Elgersma Y. Effects of antiepileptic drugs in a new TSC/mTOR-dependent epilepsy mouse model. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:1273-1291. [PMID: 31353861 PMCID: PMC6649373 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An epilepsy mouse model for Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) was developed and validated to investigate the mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis. Furthermore, the possible antiepileptogenic properties of commonly used antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and new compounds were assessed. METHODS Tsc1 deletion was induced in CAMK2A-expressing neurons of adult mice. The antiepileptogenic properties of commonly used AEDs and inhibitors of the mTOR pathways were assessed by EEG recordings and by molecular read outs. RESULTS Mice developed epilepsy in a narrow time window (10 ± 2 days) upon Tsc1 gene deletion. Seizure frequency but not duration increased over time. Seizures were lethal within 18 days, were unpredictable, and did not correlate to seizure onset, length or frequency, reminiscent of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Tsc1 gene deletion resulted in a strong activation of the mTORC1 pathway, and both epileptogenesis and lethality could be entirely prevented by RHEB1 gene deletion or rapamycin treatment. However, other inhibitors of the mTOR pathway such as AZD8055 and PF4708671 were ineffective. Except for ketogenic diet, none of commonly used AEDs showed an effect on mTORC1 activity. Vigabatrin and ketogenic diet treatment were able to significantly delay seizure onset. In contrast, survival was shortened by lamotrigine. INTERPRETATION This novel Tsc1 mouse model is highly suitable to assess the efficacy of antiepileptic and -epileptogenic drugs to treat mTORC1-dependent epilepsy. Additionally, it allows us to study the mechanisms underlying mTORC1-mediated epileptogenesis and SUDEP. We found that early treatment with vigabatrin was not able to prevent epilepsy, but significantly delayed seizure onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M. C. Koene
- Department of Neuroscience and ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental DisordersErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdam3015 CNThe Netherlands
| | - Saskia E. van Grondelle
- Department of Neuroscience and ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental DisordersErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdam3015 CNThe Netherlands
| | - Martina Proietti Onori
- Department of Neuroscience and ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental DisordersErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdam3015 CNThe Netherlands
| | - Ilse Wallaard
- Department of Neuroscience and ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental DisordersErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdam3015 CNThe Netherlands
| | - Nathalie H. R. M. Kooijman
- Department of Neuroscience and ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental DisordersErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdam3015 CNThe Netherlands
| | - Annabel van Oort
- Department of Neuroscience and ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental DisordersErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdam3015 CNThe Netherlands
| | - Jadwiga Schreiber
- Department of Neuroscience and ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental DisordersErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdam3015 CNThe Netherlands
| | - Ype Elgersma
- Department of Neuroscience and ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental DisordersErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdam3015 CNThe Netherlands
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177
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Ramon M, Dang TVT, Broeckx T, Hulsmans S, Crepin N, Sheen J, Rolland F. Default Activation and Nuclear Translocation of the Plant Cellular Energy Sensor SnRK1 Regulate Metabolic Stress Responses and Development. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:1614-1632. [PMID: 31123051 PMCID: PMC6635846 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Energy homeostasis is vital to all living organisms. In eukaryotes, this process is controlled by fuel gauging protein kinases: AMP-activated kinase in mammals, Sucrose Non-Fermenting1 (SNF1) in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and SNF1-related kinase1 (SnRK1) in plants. These kinases are highly conserved in structure and function and (according to this paradigm) operate as heterotrimeric complexes of catalytic-α and regulatory β- and γ-subunits, responding to low cellular nucleotide charge. Here, we determined that the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) SnRK1 catalytic α-subunit has regulatory subunit-independent activity, which is consistent with default activation (and thus controlled repression), a strategy more generally used by plants. Low energy stress (caused by darkness, inhibited photosynthesis, or hypoxia) also triggers SnRK1α nuclear translocation, thereby controlling induced but not repressed target gene expression to replenish cellular energy for plant survival. The myristoylated and membrane-associated regulatory β-subunits restrict nuclear localization and inhibit target gene induction. Transgenic plants with forced SnRK1α-subunit localization consistently were affected in metabolic stress responses, but their analysis also revealed key roles for nuclear SnRK1 in leaf and root growth and development. Our findings suggest that plants have modified the ancient, highly conserved eukaryotic energy sensor to better fit their unique lifestyle and to more effectively cope with changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ramon
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Biology, Biology Department, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Biology and Centre for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Tuong Vi T Dang
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Biology, Biology Department, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Broeckx
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Biology, Biology Department, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sander Hulsmans
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Biology, Biology Department, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Crepin
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Biology, Biology Department, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jen Sheen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Centre for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Filip Rolland
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Biology, Biology Department, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium
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178
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AMP-activated protein kinase complexes containing the β2 regulatory subunit are up-regulated during and contribute to adipogenesis. Biochem J 2019; 476:1725-1740. [PMID: 31189568 PMCID: PMC6595317 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a heterotrimer of α-catalytic and β- and γ-regulatory subunits that acts to regulate cellular and whole-body nutrient metabolism. The key role of AMPK in sensing energy status has led to significant interest in AMPK as a therapeutic target for dysfunctional metabolism in type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and obesity. Despite the actions of AMPK in the liver and skeletal muscle being extensively studied, the role of AMPK in adipose tissue and adipocytes remains less well characterised. Small molecules that selectively influence AMPK heterotrimers containing specific AMPKβ subunit isoforms have been developed, including MT47-100, which selectively inhibits complexes containing AMPKβ2. AMPKβ1 and AMPKβ2 are the principal AMPKβ subunit isoforms in rodent liver and skeletal muscle, respectively, yet the contribution of specific AMPKβ isoforms to adipose tissue function, however, remains largely unknown. This study therefore sought to determine the contribution of AMPKβ subunit isoforms to adipocyte biology, focussing on adipogenesis. AMPKβ2 was the principal AMPKβ isoform in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, isolated rodent adipocytes and human subcutaneous adipose tissue, as assessed by the contribution to total cellular AMPK activity. Down-regulation of AMPKβ2 with siRNA inhibited lipid accumulation, cellular adiponectin levels and adiponectin secretion during 3T3-L1 adipogenesis, whereas down-regulation of AMPKβ1 had no effect. Incubation of 3T3-L1 cells with MT47-100 selectively inhibited AMPK complexes containing AMPKβ2 whilst simultaneously inhibiting cellular lipid accumulation as well as cellular levels and secretion of adiponectin. Taken together, these data indicate that increased expression of AMPKβ2 is an important feature of efficient adipogenesis.
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179
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Kazyken D, Magnuson B, Bodur C, Acosta-Jaquez HA, Zhang D, Tong X, Barnes TM, Steinl GK, Patterson NE, Altheim CH, Sharma N, Inoki K, Cartee GD, Bridges D, Yin L, Riddle SM, Fingar DC. AMPK directly activates mTORC2 to promote cell survival during acute energetic stress. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/585/eaav3249. [PMID: 31186373 PMCID: PMC6935248 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aav3249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) senses energetic stress and, in turn, promotes catabolic and suppresses anabolic metabolism coordinately to restore energy balance. We found that a diverse array of AMPK activators increased mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) signaling in an AMPK-dependent manner in cultured cells. Activation of AMPK with the type 2 diabetes drug metformin (GlucoPhage) also increased mTORC2 signaling in liver in vivo and in primary hepatocytes in an AMPK-dependent manner. AMPK-mediated activation of mTORC2 did not result from AMPK-mediated suppression of mTORC1 and thus reduced negative feedback on PI3K flux. Rather, AMPK associated with and directly phosphorylated mTORC2 (mTOR in complex with rictor). As determined by two-stage in vitro kinase assay, phosphorylation of mTORC2 by recombinant AMPK was sufficient to increase mTORC2 catalytic activity toward Akt. Hence, AMPK phosphorylated mTORC2 components directly to increase mTORC2 activity and downstream signaling. Functionally, inactivation of AMPK, mTORC2, and Akt increased apoptosis during acute energetic stress. By showing that AMPK activates mTORC2 to increase cell survival, these data provide a potential mechanism for how AMPK paradoxically promotes tumorigenesis in certain contexts despite its tumor-suppressive function through inhibition of growth-promoting mTORC1. Collectively, these data unveil mTORC2 as a target of AMPK and the AMPK-mTORC2 axis as a promoter of cell survival during energetic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dubek Kazyken
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Brian Magnuson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Cagri Bodur
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Hugo A. Acosta-Jaquez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Deqiang Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Tammy M. Barnes
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Gabrielle K. Steinl
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Nicole E. Patterson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Christopher H. Altheim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Naveen Sharma
- School of Kinesiology, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Ken Inoki
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Gregory D. Cartee
- School of Kinesiology, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Dave Bridges
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | | | - Diane C. Fingar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA.,Corresponding author.
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Webb M, Sideris DP, Biddle M. Modulation of mitochondrial dysfunction for treatment of disease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1270-1277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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181
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Kamal H, Minhas FUAA, Farooq M, Tripathi D, Hamza M, Mustafa R, Khan MZ, Mansoor S, Pappu HR, Amin I. In silico Prediction and Validations of Domains Involved in Gossypium hirsutum SnRK1 Protein Interaction With Cotton Leaf Curl Multan Betasatellite Encoded βC1. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:656. [PMID: 31191577 PMCID: PMC6546731 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) caused by viruses of genus Begomovirus is a major constraint to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) production in many cotton-growing regions of the world. Symptoms of the disease are caused by Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMB) that encodes a pathogenicity determinant protein, βC1. Here, we report the identification of interacting regions in βC1 protein by using computational approaches including sequence recognition, and binding site and interface prediction methods. We show the domain-level interactions based on the structural analysis of G. hirsutum SnRK1 protein and its domains with CLCuMB-βC1. To verify and validate the in silico predictions, three different experimental approaches, yeast two hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and pull down assay were used. Our results showed that ubiquitin-associated domain (UBA) and autoinhibitory sequence (AIS) domains of G. hirsutum-encoded SnRK1 are involved in CLCuMB-βC1 interaction. This is the first comprehensive investigation that combined in silico interaction prediction followed by experimental validation of interaction between CLCuMB-βC1 and a host protein. We demonstrated that data from computational biology could provide binding site information between CLCuD-associated viruses/satellites and new hosts that lack known binding site information for protein-protein interaction studies. Implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Kamal
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | | | - Muhammad Farooq
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Diwaker Tripathi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Muhammad Hamza
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Roma Mustafa
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zuhaib Khan
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mansoor
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hanu R. Pappu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Imran Amin
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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182
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Bloom Syndrome Protein Activates AKT and PRAS40 in Prostate Cancer Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3685817. [PMID: 31210839 PMCID: PMC6532288 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3685817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Prostate cancer (PC) is a common malignant tumor and a leading cause of cancer-related death in men worldwide. In order to design new therapeutic interventions for PC, an understanding of the molecular events underlying PC tumorigenesis is required. Bloom syndrome protein (BLM) is a RecQ-like helicase, which helps maintain genetic stability. BLM dysfunction has been implicated in tumor development, most recently during PC tumorigenesis. However, the molecular basis for BLM-induced PC progression remains poorly characterized. In this study, we investigated whether BLM modulates the phosphorylation of an array of prooncogenic signaling pathways to promote PC progression. Methods We analyzed differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) using iTRAQ technology. Site-directed knockout of BLM in PC-3 prostate cancer cells was performed using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homologous recombination gene editing to confirm the effects of BLM on DEPs. PathScan® Antibody Array Kits were used to analyze the phosphorylation of nodal proteins in PC tissue. Immunohistochemistry and automated western blot (WES) analyses were used to validate these findings. Results We found that silencing BLM in PC-3 cells significantly reduced their proliferative capacity. In addition, BLM downregulation significantly reduced levels of phosphorylated protein kinase B (AKT (Ser473)) and proline-rich AKT substrate of 40 kDa (PRAS40 (Thr246)), and this was accompanied by enhanced ROS (reactive oxygen species) levels. In addition, we found that AKT and PRAS40 inhibition reduced BLM, increased ROS levels, and induced PC cell apoptosis. Conclusions We demonstrated that BLM activates AKT and PRAS40 to promote PC cell proliferation and survival. We further propose that ROS act in concert with BLM to facilitate PC oncogenesis, potentially via further enhancing AKT signaling and downregulating PTEN expression. Importantly, inhibiting the BLM-AKT-PRAS40 axis induced PC cell apoptosis. Thus, we highlight new avenues for novel anti-PC treatments.
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183
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Zhang J, Deng B, Jiang X, Cai M, Liu N, Zhang S, Tan Y, Huang G, Jin W, Liu B, Liu S. All- Trans-Retinoic Acid Suppresses Neointimal Hyperplasia and Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration via Activation of AMPK Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:485. [PMID: 31143119 PMCID: PMC6521230 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) is extensively involved in pathogenesis of neointimal hyperplasia. All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) is a natural metabolite of vitamin A. Here, we investigated the involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the anti-neointimal hyperplasia effects of ATRA. We found that treatment with ATRA significantly reduced neointimal hyperplasia in the left common carotid artery ligation mouse model. ATRA reduced the proliferation and migration of VSMC, A7r5 and HASMC cell lines. Our results also demonstrated that ATRA altered the expression of proliferation-related proteins, including CyclinD1, CyclinD3, CyclinA2, CDK2, CDK4, and CDK6 in VSMC. ATRA dose-dependently enhanced the phosphorylation level of AMPKα (Thr172) in the left common carotid artery of experimental mice. Also, the phosphorylation level of AMPKα in A7r5 and HASMC was significantly increased. In addition, ATRA dose-dependently reduced the phosphorylation levels of mTOR and mTOR target proteins p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K) and 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) in A7r5 and HASMC. Notably, the inhibition of AMPKα by AMPK inhibitor (compound C) negated the protective effect of ATRA on VSMC proliferation in A7r5. Also, knockdown of AMPKα by siRNA partly abolished the anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects of ATRA in HASMC. Molecular docking analysis showed that ATRA could dock to the agonist binding site of AMPK, and the binding energy between AMPK and ATRA was -7.91 kcal/mol. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that the binding of AMPK-ATRA was stable. These data demonstrated that ATRA might inhibit neointimal hyperplasia and suppress VSMC proliferation and migration by direct activation of AMPK and inhibition of mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhi Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Jiang
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Cai
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ningning Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangwei Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongzhen Tan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guiqiong Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Huizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huizhou, China
| | - Wen Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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184
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Allosteric regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase by adenylate nucleotides and small-molecule drugs. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:733-741. [PMID: 31000529 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The AMP (adenosine 5'-monophosphate)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator of cellular and whole-body energy homeostasis that co-ordinates metabolic processes to ensure energy supply meets demand. At the cellular level, AMPK is activated by metabolic stresses that increase AMP or adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) coupled with falling adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and acts to restore energy balance by choreographing a shift in metabolism in favour of energy-producing catabolic pathways while inhibiting non-essential anabolic processes. AMPK also regulates systemic energy balance and is activated by hormones and nutritional signals in the hypothalamus to control appetite and body weight. Failure to maintain energy balance plays an important role in chronic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and inflammatory disorders, which has prompted a major drive to develop pharmacological activators of AMPK. An array of small-molecule allosteric activators has now been developed, several of which can activate AMPK by direct allosteric activation, independently of Thr172 phosphorylation, which was previously regarded as indispensable for AMPK activity. In this review, we summarise the state-of-the-art regarding our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern direct allosteric activation of AMPK by adenylate nucleotides and small-molecule drugs.
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185
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Aledavood E, Moraes G, Lameira J, Castro A, Luque FJ, Estarellas C. Understanding the Mechanism of Direct Activation of AMP-Kinase: Toward a Fine Allosteric Tuning of the Kinase Activity. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:2859-2870. [PMID: 30924649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a Ser/Thr protein kinase with a key role as a sensor in cellular energy homeostasis. It has a major role in numerous metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cancer, and hence it has gained progressive interest as a potential therapeutic target. AMPK is a heterotrimeric enzyme composed by an α-catalytic subunit and two regulatory subunits, β and γ. It is regulated by several mechanisms, including indirect activators such as metformin and direct activators such as compound A-769662. The crystal structure of AMPK bound to A-769662 has been recently reported, suggesting a hypothetical allosteric mechanism of AMPK activation assisted by phosphorylated Ser108 at the β-subunit. Here, we have studied the direct activation mechanism of A-769662 by means of molecular dynamics simulations, suggesting that the activator may act as a glue, coupling the dynamical motion of the β-subunit and the N-terminal domain of the α-subunit, and assisting the preorganization of the ATP-binding site. This is achieved through the formation of an allosteric network that connects the activator and ATP-binding sites, particularly through key interactions formed between αAsp88 and βArg83 and between βpSer108 and αLys29. Overall, these studies shed light into key mechanistic determinants of the allosteric regulation of this cellular energy sensor, and pave the way for the fine-tuning of the rational design of direct activators of this cellular energy sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Aledavood
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicina (IBUB) and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB) , University of Barcelona , Santa Coloma de Gramenet 08921 , Spain
| | - Gleiciane Moraes
- Faculdade de Ciências Naturais , Campus Universitário do Marajó-Breves, Universidade Federal do Pará (CUMB-UFPA) , Breves , Brasil
| | - Jeronimo Lameira
- Faculdade de Ciências Naturais , Campus Universitário do Marajó-Breves, Universidade Federal do Pará (CUMB-UFPA) , Breves , Brasil
| | - Ana Castro
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC) , 28006 Madrid , Spain
| | - F Javier Luque
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicina (IBUB) and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB) , University of Barcelona , Santa Coloma de Gramenet 08921 , Spain
| | - Carolina Estarellas
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicina (IBUB) and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB) , University of Barcelona , Santa Coloma de Gramenet 08921 , Spain
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186
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Li Y, Peng J, Li P, Du H, Li Y, Liu X, Zhang L, Wang LL, Zuo Z. Identification of potential AMPK activator by pharmacophore modeling, molecular docking and QSAR study. Comput Biol Chem 2019; 79:165-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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187
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Synthetic energy sensor AMPfret deciphers adenylate-dependent AMPK activation mechanism. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1038. [PMID: 30833561 PMCID: PMC6399333 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08938-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase AMPK senses and regulates cellular energy state. AMPK activation by increasing AMP and ADP concentrations involves a conformational switch within the heterotrimeric complex. This is exploited here for the construction of a synthetic sensor of cellular energetics and allosteric AMPK activation, AMPfret. Based on engineered AMPK fused to fluorescent proteins, the sensor allows direct, real-time readout of the AMPK conformational state by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). AMPfret faithfully and dynamically reports the binding of AMP and ADP to AMPK γ-CBS sites, competed by Mg2+-free ATP. FRET signals correlate with activation of AMPK by allosteric mechanisms and protection from dephosphorylation, attributed here to specific CBS sites, but does not require activation loop phosphorylation. Moreover, AMPfret detects binding of pharmacological compounds to the AMPK α/β-ADaM site enabling activator screening. Cellular assays demonstrate that AMPfret is applicable in vivo for spatiotemporal analysis of energy state and allosteric AMPK activation. AMP-activated protein kinase AMPK senses and regulates cellular energy state. Here the authors engineer a synthetic sensor, AMPfret, that allows direct, real-time readout of the AMPK conformational state by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET).
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188
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Pollard AE, Martins L, Muckett PJ, Khadayate S, Bornot A, Clausen M, Admyre T, Bjursell M, Fiadeiro R, Wilson L, Whilding C, Kotiadis VN, Duchen MR, Sutton D, Penfold L, Sardini A, Bohlooly-Y M, Smith DM, Read JA, Snowden MA, Woods A, Carling D. AMPK activation protects against diet induced obesity through Ucp1-independent thermogenesis in subcutaneous white adipose tissue. Nat Metab 2019; 1:340-349. [PMID: 30887000 PMCID: PMC6420092 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Pollard
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Discovery Sciences IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luís Martins
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Phillip J Muckett
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sanjay Khadayate
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Aurélie Bornot
- Discovery Sciences IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maryam Clausen
- Discovery Sciences IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Therese Admyre
- Discovery Sciences IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Bjursell
- Discovery Sciences IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rebeca Fiadeiro
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Laura Wilson
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Chad Whilding
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Vassilios N Kotiadis
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael R Duchen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Sutton
- Drug Safety and Metabolism IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Babraham, UK
| | - Lucy Penfold
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alessandro Sardini
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - David M Smith
- Discovery Sciences IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jon A Read
- Discovery Sciences IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Angela Woods
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
| | - David Carling
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
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189
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Ducommun S, Deak M, Zeigerer A, Göransson O, Seitz S, Collodet C, Madsen AB, Jensen TE, Viollet B, Foretz M, Gut P, Sumpton D, Sakamoto K. Chemical genetic screen identifies Gapex-5/GAPVD1 and STBD1 as novel AMPK substrates. Cell Signal 2019; 57:45-57. [PMID: 30772465 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, acting as a sensor of energy and nutrient status. As such, AMPK is considered a promising drug target for treatment of medical conditions particularly associated with metabolic dysfunctions. To better understand the downstream effectors and physiological consequences of AMPK activation, we have employed a chemical genetic screen in mouse primary hepatocytes in an attempt to identify novel AMPK targets. Treatment of hepatocytes with a potent and specific AMPK activator 991 resulted in identification of 65 proteins phosphorylated upon AMPK activation, which are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as lipid/glycogen metabolism, vesicle trafficking, and cytoskeleton organisation. Further characterisation and validation using mass spectrometry followed by immunoblotting analysis with phosphorylation site-specific antibodies identified AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of Gapex-5 (also known as GTPase-activating protein and VPS9 domain-containing protein 1 (GAPVD1)) on Ser902 in hepatocytes and starch-binding domain 1 (STBD1) on Ser175 in multiple cells/tissues. As new promising roles of AMPK as a key metabolic regulator continue to emerge, the substrates we identified could provide new mechanistic and therapeutic insights into AMPK-activating drugs in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Ducommun
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, bâtiment G, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maria Deak
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, bâtiment G, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anja Zeigerer
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Olga Göransson
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Susanne Seitz
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Caterina Collodet
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, bâtiment G, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Agnete B Madsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris cité, Paris, France
| | - Marc Foretz
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris cité, Paris, France
| | - Philipp Gut
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, bâtiment G, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Sumpton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, bâtiment G, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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190
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Tuo L, Xiang J, Pan X, Hu J, Tang H, Liang L, Xia J, Hu Y, Zhang W, Huang A, Wang K, Tang N. PCK1 negatively regulates cell cycle progression and hepatoma cell proliferation via the AMPK/p27 Kip1 axis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:50. [PMID: 30717766 PMCID: PMC6360696 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1029-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Altered glucose metabolism endows tumor cells with metabolic flexibility for biosynthesis requirements. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1), a key enzyme in the gluconeogenesis pathway, is downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and predicts poor prognosis. Overexpression of PCK1 has been shown to suppress liver tumor growth, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Methods mRNA and protein expression patterns of PCK1, AMPK, pAMPK, and the CDK/Rb/E2F pathway were determined using qRT-PCR and western blotting. Cell proliferation ability and cell cycle were assessed by MTS assay and flow cytometric analysis. The effect of PCK1 on tumor growth was examined in xenograft implantation models. Results Both gain and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that PCK1 deficiency promotes hepatoma cell proliferation through inactivation of AMPK, suppression of p27Kip1 expression, and stimulation of the CDK/Rb/E2F pathway, thereby accelerating cell cycle transition from the G1 to S phase under glucose-starved conditions. Overexpression of PCK1 reduced cellular ATP levels and enhanced AMPK phosphorylation and p27Kip1 expression but decreased Rb phosphorylation, leading to cell cycle arrest at G1. AMPK knockdown significantly reversed G1-phase arrest and growth inhibition of PCK1-expressing SK-Hep1 cells. In addition, the AMPK activator metformin remarkably suppressed the growth of PCK1-knockout PLC/PRF/5 cells and inhibited tumor growth in an orthotropic HCC mouse model. Conclusion This study revealed that PCK1 negatively regulates cell cycle progression and hepatoma cell proliferation via the AMPK/p27Kip1 axis and supports a potential therapeutic and protective effect of metformin on HCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1029-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanming Pan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieli Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ailong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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191
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Visualizing AMPK Drug Binding Sites Through Crystallization of Full-Length Phosphorylated α2β1γ1 Heterotrimer. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1732:15-27. [PMID: 29480466 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7598-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Here, we describe the crystallization protocol for AMPK, including protein production and purification. AMPK can be readily crystallized in the presence of PEG to give diffracting crystals to a resolution of between 2.5 and 3.5 Å using synchrotron radiation. This method allows for visualization of drugs or small molecules that bind to the ADaM site, CBS sites, ATP binding site, and the newly identified C2 binding sites in the γ-subunit via co-crystallization with phosphorylated AMPK (pT172) α2β1γ1 isoform or α2/1β1γ1 chimera. Drugs with binding affinities above 500 nM fail to co-crystallize with AMPK using these parameters.
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192
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Abstract
The role of the energy sensor AMPK-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the insulin-secreting β-cell remains unclear and a subject of intense research. With this chapter, we aim to provide a detailed description of the methods that our group routinely applies to the study of AMPK function in mouse and human pancreatic islets. Thus, we provide detailed protocols to isolate and/or culture mouse and human islets, to modulate and measure AMPK activity in isolated islets, and to evaluate its impact on islet function.
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193
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Garcia D, Hellberg K, Chaix A, Wallace M, Herzig S, Badur MG, Lin T, Shokhirev MN, Pinto AFM, Ross DS, Saghatelian A, Panda S, Dow LE, Metallo CM, Shaw RJ. Genetic Liver-Specific AMPK Activation Protects against Diet-Induced Obesity and NAFLD. Cell Rep 2019; 26:192-208.e6. [PMID: 30605676 PMCID: PMC6344045 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a highly conserved master regulator of metabolism, whose activation has been proposed to be therapeutically beneficial for the treatment of several metabolic diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD, characterized by excessive accumulation of hepatic lipids, is the most common chronic liver disease and a major risk factor for development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, type 2 diabetes, and other metabolic conditions. To assess the therapeutic potential of AMPK activation, we have generated a genetically engineered mouse model, termed iAMPKCA, where AMPK can be inducibly activated in vivo in mice in a spatially and temporally restricted manner. Using this model, we show that liver-specific AMPK activation reprograms lipid metabolism, reduces liver steatosis, decreases expression of inflammation and fibrosis genes, and leads to significant therapeutic benefits in the context of diet-induced obesity. These findings further support AMPK as a target for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Garcia
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kristina Hellberg
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Amandine Chaix
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Martina Wallace
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sébastien Herzig
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mehmet G Badur
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Terry Lin
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Maxim N Shokhirev
- Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Antonio F M Pinto
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Debbie S Ross
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alan Saghatelian
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Satchidananda Panda
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lukas E Dow
- Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Abstract
AMPK is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine-protein kinase that acts as an energy sensor in cells and plays a key role in the upregulation of catabolism and inactivation of anabolism. Under various physiological and pathological conditions, AMPK can be phosphorylated by an upstream kinase and bind to AMP or ADP rather than ATP, leading to its activation. Activated AMPK regulates a variety of metabolic processes, including autophagy. AMPK promotes autophagy directly by phosphorylating autophagy-related proteins in the mTORC1, ULK1, and PIK3C3/VPS34 complexes or indirectly by regulating the expression of autophagy-related genes downstream of transcription factors such as FOXO3, TFEB, and BRD4. AMPK can also upregulate the autophagic degradation of mitochondria (mitophagy), as it can induce fragmentation of damaged mitochondria in the network and promote the translocation of the autophagy machinery to damaged mitochondria. In this section, we will detail the molecular structure of AMPK, how its activity is regulated, and its pivotal role in regulating autophagy and mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- Department of Immunology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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195
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Li C, Ming Y, Wang Z, Xu Q, Yao L, Xu D, Tang Y, Lei X, Li X, Mao Y. GADD45α alleviates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by promoting AMPK activation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:129-145. [PMID: 30151693 PMCID: PMC11105285 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2912-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As an analgesic and antipyretic drug, acetaminophen (APAP) is commonly used and known to be safe at therapeutic doses. In many countries, the overuse of APAP provokes acute liver injury and even liver failure. APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) is the most used experimental model of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Here, we have demonstrated elevated levels of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45α (GADD45α) in the livers of patients with DILI/AILI, in APAP-injured mouse livers and in APAP-treated hepatocytes. GADD45α exhibited a protective effect against APAP-induced liver injury and alleviated the accumulation of small lipid droplets in vitro and in vivo. We found that GADD45α promoted the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase α and induced fatty acid beta-oxidation, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and glycogenolysis-related gene expression after APAP exposure. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis showed that GADD45α increased the levels of TCA cycle metabolites. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis showed that Ppp2cb, a catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A, could interact directly with GADD45α. Our results indicate that hepatocyte GADD45α might represent a therapeutic target to prevent and rescue liver injury caused by APAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmin Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Ming
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengyang Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qingling Xu
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lvfeng Yao
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dongke Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yingyue Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Lei
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yimin Mao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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196
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Structural Basis of Autophagy Regulatory Proteins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1206:287-326. [PMID: 31776992 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-0602-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved lysosome-dependent intracellular degradation process that is essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and adaptation to cellular stresses in eukaryotic cells. The most well-characterized type of autophagy, the macroautophagy, involves the progressive sequestration of cytoplasmic components into dedicated double-membraned vesicles called autophagosomes, which ultimately fuse with lysosomes to initiate the autophagic degradation of the sequestered cargo. In the past decade, our understanding of the molecular mechanism of macroautophagy has significantly evolved, with particular contributions from the biochemical and structural characterizations of autophagy-related proteins. In this chapter, we focus on some autophagy regulatory proteins involved in the macroautophagy pathway, summarize their currently known structures, and discuss their relevant molecular mechanisms from a perspective of structural biology.
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197
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A769662 Inhibits Insulin-Stimulated Akt Activation in Human Macrovascular Endothelial Cells Independent of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123886. [PMID: 30563079 PMCID: PMC6321332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase B (Akt) is a key enzyme in the insulin signalling cascade, required for insulin-stimulated NO production in endothelial cells (ECs). Previous studies have suggested that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation stimulates NO synthesis and enhances insulin-stimulated Akt activation, yet these studies have largely used indirect activators of AMPK. The effects of the allosteric AMPK activator A769662 on insulin signalling and endothelial function was therefore examined in cultured human macrovascular ECs. Surprisingly, A769662 inhibited insulin-stimulated NO synthesis and Akt phosphorylation in human ECs from umbilical veins (HUVECs) and aorta (HAECs). In contrast, the AMPK activators compound 991 and AICAR had no substantial inhibitory effect on insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation in ECs. Inhibition of AMPK with SBI-0206965 had no effect on the inhibition of insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation by A769662, suggesting the inhibitory action of A769662 is AMPK-independent. A769662 decreased IGF1-stimulated Akt phosphorylation yet had no effect on VEGF-stimulated Akt signalling in HUVECs, suggesting that A769662 attenuates early insulin/IGF1 signalling. The effects of A769662 on insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation were specific to human ECs, as no effect was observed in the human cancer cell lines HepG2 or HeLa, as well as in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). A769662 inhibited insulin-stimulated Erk1/2 phosphorylation in HAECs and MEFs, an effect that was independent of AMPK in MEFs. Therefore, despite being a potent AMPK activator, A769662 has effects unlikely to be mediated by AMPK in human macrovascular ECs that reduce insulin sensitivity and eNOS activation.
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198
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Yan Y, Zhou XE, Novick SJ, Shaw SJ, Li Y, Brunzelle JS, Hitoshi Y, Griffin PR, Xu HE, Melcher K. Structures of AMP-activated protein kinase bound to novel pharmacological activators in phosphorylated, non-phosphorylated, and nucleotide-free states. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:953-967. [PMID: 30478170 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an attractive therapeutic target for managing metabolic diseases. A class of pharmacological activators, including Merck 991, binds the AMPK ADaM site, which forms the interaction surface between the kinase domain (KD) of the α-subunit and the carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) of the β-subunit. Here, we report the development of two new 991-derivative compounds, R734 and R739, which potently activate AMPK in a variety of cell types, including β2-specific skeletal muscle cells. Surprisingly, we found that they have only minor effects on direct kinase activity of the recombinant α1β2γ1 isoform yet robustly enhance protection against activation loop dephosphorylation. This mode of activation is reminiscent of that of ADP, which activates AMPK by binding to the nucleotide-binding sites in the γ-subunit, more than 60 Å away from the ADaM site. To understand the mechanisms of full and partial AMPK activation, we determined the crystal structures of fully active phosphorylated AMPK α1β1γ1 bound to AMP and R734/R739 as well as partially active nonphosphorylated AMPK bound to R734 and AMP and phosphorylated AMPK bound to R734 in the absence of added nucleotides at <3-Å resolution. These structures and associated analyses identified a novel conformational state of the AMPK autoinhibitory domain associated with partial kinase activity and provide new insights into phosphorylation-dependent activation loop stabilization in AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- From the Center of Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503.,Van Andel Research Institute-Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (VARI-SIMM) Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - X Edward Zhou
- From the Center of Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
| | - Scott J Novick
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Simon J Shaw
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, and
| | - Yingwu Li
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, and
| | - Joseph S Brunzelle
- Northwestern University Synchrotron Research Center, Life Sciences Collaborative Access Team, Northwestern University, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Yasumichi Hitoshi
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, and
| | - Patrick R Griffin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - H Eric Xu
- From the Center of Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503.,Van Andel Research Institute-Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (VARI-SIMM) Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Karsten Melcher
- From the Center of Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503,
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199
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Yan Y, Zhou XE, Xu HE, Melcher K. Structure and Physiological Regulation of AMPK. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113534. [PMID: 30423971 PMCID: PMC6274893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a heterotrimeric αβγ complex that functions as a central regulator of energy homeostasis. Energy stress manifests as a drop in the ratio of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to AMP/ADP, which activates AMPK’s kinase activity, allowing it to upregulate ATP-generating catabolic pathways and to reduce energy-consuming catabolic pathways and cellular programs. AMPK senses the cellular energy state by competitive binding of the three adenine nucleotides AMP, ADP, and ATP to three sites in its γ subunit, each, which in turn modulates the activity of AMPK’s kinase domain in its α subunit. Our current understanding of adenine nucleotide binding and the mechanisms by which differential adenine nucleotide occupancies activate or inhibit AMPK activity has been largely informed by crystal structures of AMPK in different activity states. Here we provide an overview of AMPK structures, and how these structures, in combination with biochemical, biophysical, and mutational analyses provide insights into the mechanisms of adenine nucleotide binding and AMPK activity modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave. N.E., Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
- VARI/SIMM Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, CAS-Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - X Edward Zhou
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave. N.E., Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
| | - H Eric Xu
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave. N.E., Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
- VARI/SIMM Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, CAS-Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Karsten Melcher
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave. N.E., Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
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200
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Kopietz F, Berggreen C, Larsson S, Säll J, Ekelund M, Sakamoto K, Degerman E, Holm C, Göransson O. AMPK activation by A-769662 and 991 does not affect catecholamine-induced lipolysis in human adipocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E1075-E1085. [PMID: 30253109 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00110.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is considered an attractive strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Favorable metabolic effects of AMPK activation are mainly observed in skeletal muscle and liver tissue, whereas the effects in human adipose tissue are only poorly understood. Previous studies, which largely employed the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), suggest an antilipolytic role of AMPK in adipocytes. The aim of this work was to reinvestigate the role of AMPK in the regulation of lipolysis, using the novel allosteric small-molecule AMPK activators A-769662 and 991, with a focus on human adipocytes. For this purpose, human primary subcutaneous adipocytes were treated with A-769662, 991, or AICAR, as a control, before being stimulated with isoproterenol. AMPK activity status, glycerol release, and the phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), a key regulator of lipolysis, were then monitored. Our results show that both A-769662 and 991 activated AMPK to a level that was similar to, or greater than, that induced by AICAR. In contrast to AICAR, which as expected was antilipolytic, neither A-769662 nor 991 affected lipolysis in human adipocytes, although 991 treatment led to altered HSL phosphorylation. Furthermore, we suggest that HSL Ser660 is an important regulator of lipolytic activity in human adipocytes. These data suggest that the antilipolytic effect observed with AICAR in previous studies is, at least to some extent, AMPK independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Kopietz
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | | | - Sara Larsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Johanna Säll
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Mikael Ekelund
- Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University , Malmö , Sweden
| | | | - Eva Degerman
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Cecilia Holm
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Olga Göransson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
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