151
|
Rangasamy V, Mishra R, Sondarva G, Das S, Lee TH, Bakowska JC, Tzivion G, Malter JS, Rana B, Lu KP, Kanthasamy A, Rana A. Mixed-lineage kinase 3 phosphorylates prolyl-isomerase Pin1 to regulate its nuclear translocation and cellular function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:8149-54. [PMID: 22566623 PMCID: PMC3361382 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1200804109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear protein peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1-mediated prolyl isomerization is an essential and novel regulatory mechanism for protein phosphorylation. Therefore, tight regulation of Pin1 localization and catalytic activity is crucial for its normal nuclear functions. Pin1 is commonly dysregulated during oncogenesis and likely contributes to these pathologies; however, the mechanism(s) by which Pin1 catalytic activity and nuclear localization are increased is unknown. Here we demonstrate that mixed-lineage kinase 3 (MLK3), a MAP3K family member, phosphorylates Pin1 on a Ser138 site to increase its catalytic activity and nuclear translocation. This phosphorylation event drives the cell cycle and promotes cyclin D1 stability and centrosome amplification. Notably, Pin1 pSer138 is significantly up-regulated in breast tumors and is localized in the nucleus. These findings collectively suggest that the MLK3-Pin1 signaling cascade plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle, centrosome numbers, and oncogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Subhasis Das
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics and
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115
| | | | - Guri Tzivion
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - James S. Malter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Basabi Rana
- Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153
- Hines Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hines, IL 60141; and
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Anumantha Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Ajay Rana
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics and
- Hines Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hines, IL 60141; and
| |
Collapse
|
152
|
Bannon JH, O'Donovan DS, Kennelly SME, Mc Gee MM. The peptidyl prolyl isomerase cyclophilin A localizes at the centrosome and the midbody and is required for cytokinesis. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:1340-53. [PMID: 22421161 DOI: 10.4161/cc.19711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Failed cytokinesis leads to tetraploidy, which is an important intermediate preceding aneuploidy and the onset of tumorigenesis. The centrosome is required for the completion of cytokinesis through the transport of important components to the midbody; however, the identity of molecular components and the mechanism involved remains poorly understood. In this study, we report that the peptidyl prolyl isomerase cyclophilin A (cypA) is a centrosome protein that undergoes cell cycle-dependent relocation to the midzone and midbody during cytokinesis in Jurkat cells implicating a role during division. Depletion of cypA does not disrupt mitotic spindle formation or progression through anaphase; however, it leads to cytokinesis defects through an inability to resolve intercellular bridges, culminating in delayed or failed cytokinesis. Defective cytokinesis is also evident by an increased prevalence of midbody-arrested cells. Expression of wild-type cypA reverses the cytokinesis defect in knockout cells, whereas an isomerase mutant does not, indicating that the isomerisation activity of cypA is required for cytokinesis. In contrast, wild-type cypA and the isomerase mutant localize to the centrosome and midbody, suggesting that localization to these structures is independent of isomerase activity. Depletion of cypA also generates tetraploid cells and supernumerary centrosomes. Finally, colony formation in soft agar is impaired in cypA-knockout cells, suggesting that cypA confers clonogenic advantage on tumor cells. Collectively, this data reveals a novel role for cypA isomerase activity in the completion of cytokinesis and the maintenance of genome stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John H Bannon
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
153
|
Yoon HE, Kim SA, Choi HS, Ahn MY, Yoon JH, Ahn SG. Inhibition of Plk1 and Pin1 by 5'-nitro-indirubinoxime suppresses human lung cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2012; 316:97-104. [PMID: 22115795 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 10/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
A novel indirubin derivative, 5'-nitro-indirubinoxime (5'-NIO), exhibits a strong anti-cancer activity against human cancer cells. Here, the 5'-NIO-mediated G1 cell cycle arrest in lung cancer cells was associated with a decrease in protein levels of polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) and peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1. Treatment with Plk1 siRNA or Pin1 inhibitor effectively inhibited the Rb phosphorylation, suggesting their regulatory role at G1 phase. In addition, the overexpression of Plk1 or Pin1 inhibited apoptotic signals following the cleavage of PARP in 5'-NIO-treated cells. These findings suggest that 5'-NIO have potential anti-cancer efficacy through the inhibition of Plk1 or/and Pin1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Eun Yoon
- Department of Pathology, Chosun University College of Dentistry, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
154
|
Abrahamsen H, O'Neill AK, Kannan N, Kruse N, Taylor SS, Jennings PA, Newton AC. Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 controls down-regulation of conventional protein kinase C isozymes. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:13262-78. [PMID: 22318721 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.349753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The down-regulation or cellular depletion of protein kinase C (PKC) attendant to prolonged activation by phorbol esters is a widely described property of this key family of signaling enzymes. However, neither the mechanism of down-regulation nor whether this mechanism occurs following stimulation by physiological agonists is known. Here we show that the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 provides a timer for the lifetime of conventional PKC isozymes, converting the enzymes into a species that can be dephosphorylated and ubiquitinated following activation induced by either phorbol esters or natural agonists. The regulation by Pin1 requires both the catalytic activity of the isomerase and the presence of a Pro immediately following the phosphorylated Thr of the turn motif phosphorylation site, one of two C-terminal sites that is phosphorylated during the maturation of PKC isozymes. Furthermore, the second C-terminal phosphorylation site, the hydrophobic motif, docks Pin1 to PKC. Our data are consistent with a model in which Pin1 binds the hydrophobic motif of conventional PKC isozymes to catalyze the isomerization of the phospho-Thr-Pro peptide bond at the turn motif, thus converting these PKC isozymes into species that can be efficiently down-regulated following activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Abrahamsen
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
155
|
The prolyl isomerase Pin1 modulates development of CD8+ cDC in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29808. [PMID: 22238658 PMCID: PMC3251613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pin1 has previously been described to regulate cells that participate in both innate and adaptive immunity. Thus far, however, no role for Pin1 has been described in modulating conventional dendritic cells, innate antigen presenting cells that potently activate naïve T cells, thereby bridging innate and adaptive immune responses. Methodology/Principal Findings When challenged with LPS, Pin1-null mice failed to accumulate spleen conventional dendritic cells (cDC). Analysis of steady-state spleen DC populations revealed that Pin1-null mice had fewer CD8+ cDC. This defect was recapitulated by culturing Pin1-null bone marrow with the DC-instructive cytokine Flt3 Ligand. Additionally, injection of Flt3 Ligand for 9 days failed to induce robust expansion of CD8+ cDC in Pin1-null mice. Upon infection with Listeria monocytogenes, Pin1-null mice were defective in stimulating proliferation of adoptively transferred WT CD8+ T cells, suggesting that decreases in Pin1 null CD8+ cDC may affect T cell responses to infection in vivo. Finally, upon analyzing expression of proteins involved in DC development, elevated expression of PU.1 was detected in Pin1-null cells, which resulted from an increase in PU.1 protein half-life. Conclusions/Significance We have identified a novel role for Pin1 as a modulator of CD8+ cDC development. Consistent with reduced numbers of CD8+ cDC in Pin1-null mice, we find that the absence of Pin1 impairs CD8+ T cell proliferation in response to infection with Listeria monocytogenes. These data suggest that, via regulation of CD8+ cDC production, Pin1 may serve as an important modulator of adaptive immunity.
Collapse
|
156
|
Mueller JW, Link NM, Matena A, Hoppstock L, Rüppel A, Bayer P, Blankenfeldt W. Crystallographic Proof for an Extended Hydrogen-Bonding Network in Small Prolyl Isomerases. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:20096-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2086195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W. Mueller
- Institute for Structural and Medicinal Biochemistry, Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Nina M. Link
- Institute for Structural and Medicinal Biochemistry, Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Anja Matena
- Institute for Structural and Medicinal Biochemistry, Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Lukas Hoppstock
- Institute for Structural and Medicinal Biochemistry, Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Alma Rüppel
- Institute for Structural and Medicinal Biochemistry, Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Bayer
- Institute for Structural and Medicinal Biochemistry, Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Wulf Blankenfeldt
- University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
157
|
Ser46 phosphorylation and prolyl-isomerase Pin1-mediated isomerization of p53 are key events in p53-dependent apoptosis induced by mutant huntingtin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:17979-84. [PMID: 22011578 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1106198108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the gene coding for huntingtin protein. Several mechanisms have been proposed by which mutant huntingtin (mHtt) may trigger striatal neurodegeneration, including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Furthermore, mHtt induces DNA damage and activates a stress response. In this context, p53 plays a crucial role in mediating mHtt toxic effects. Here we have dissected the pathway of p53 activation by mHtt in human neuronal cells and in HD mice, with the aim of highlighting critical nodes that may be pharmacologically manipulated for therapeutic intervention. We demonstrate that expression of mHtt causes increased phosphorylation of p53 on Ser46, leading to its interaction with phosphorylation-dependent prolyl isomerase Pin1 and consequent dissociation from the apoptosis inhibitor iASPP, thereby inducing the expression of apoptotic target genes. Inhibition of Ser46 phosphorylation by targeting homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2), PKCδ, or ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase, as well as inhibition of the prolyl isomerase Pin1, prevents mHtt-dependent apoptosis of neuronal cells. These results provide a rationale for the use of small-molecule inhibitors of stress-responsive protein kinases and Pin1 as a potential therapeutic strategy for HD treatment.
Collapse
|
158
|
Prolyl isomerase Pin1 stabilizes and activates orphan nuclear receptor TR3 to promote mitogenesis. Oncogene 2011; 31:2876-87. [PMID: 22002310 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pin1 regulates a subset of phosphoproteins by isomerizing phospho-Ser/Thr-Pro motifs via a 'post-phosphorylation' mechanism. Here, we characterize TR3 as a novel Pin1 substrate, and the mitogenic function of TR3 depends on Pin1-induced isomerization. There are at least three phospho-Ser-Pro motifs on TR3 that bind to Pin1. The Ser95-Pro motif of TR3 is the key site through which Pin1 enhances TR3 stability by retarding its degradation. Pin1 can also catalyze TR3 through phospho-Ser431-Pro motif, which is phosphorylated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2), resulting in enhanced TR3 transactivation. Furthermore, Pin1 not only facilitates TR3 targeting to the promoter of cyclin D2, a novel downstream target of TR3, but also promotes TR3 to recruit p300, thereby inducing cell proliferation. Importantly, we found that Pin1 is indispensable for TR3 to promote tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. Our study thus suggests that Pin1 has an important role in cell proliferation by isomerizing TR3.
Collapse
|
159
|
Liu T, Schneider RA, Hoyt DG. Calpastatin is regulated by protein never in mitosis gene A interacting-1 (PIN1) in endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 414:581-6. [PMID: 21982763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.09.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The peptidyl-proline isomerase, protein never in mitosis gene A interacting-1 (PIN1) binds and isomerizes proteins phosphorylated on serine/threonine before a proline. It was previously found that depletion of PIN1 greatly increased induction of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase by lowering calpain activity in murine aortic endothelial cells (MAEC). Here we investigated the effect of PIN1 on the endogenous inhibitor of heterodimeric μ- and m-calpains, calpastatin. MAEC were transduced with small hairpin (sh) RNA to knock down PIN1 (KD) or an inactive Control shRNA. Cells were also treated with non-targeted double stranded small inhibitory RNA (siRNA) or siRNA designed to deplete calpastatin. Despite reducing calpain activity, PIN1 KD did not significantly affect the expression of μ- and m-calpains, or calpastatin, compared to Control shRNA. Instead, depletion of PIN1 increased the inhibitory activity of calpastatin. Calpastatin co-immunoprecipitated with endogenous PIN1 and was pulled down with glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-PIN1 fusion protein. Adding GST-PIN1 to KD cell extracts lacking PIN1 reduced calpastatin inhibitory activity. Substrate binding and catalytic domain mutants of PIN1 failed to do so. These results suggest that protein interaction and the proline isomerase functions of PIN1 are required for it to inhibit calpastatin. Furthermore, depletion of calpastatin raised calpain activity and reduced calpain inhibitory activity to similar levels in KD and Control MAEC, indicating that calpastatin is required for PIN1 depletion to lower calpain activity. Thus, PIN1 apparently restrains the ability of calpastatin to inhibit calpain, maintaining calpain activity in endothelial cells. PIN1 may act directly via phosphorylated serine/threonine-proline motifs in calpastatin, or indirectly via other PIN1 substrates that control calpastatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongzheng Liu
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
160
|
Liou YC, Zhou XZ, Lu KP. Prolyl isomerase Pin1 as a molecular switch to determine the fate of phosphoproteins. Trends Biochem Sci 2011; 36:501-14. [PMID: 21852138 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pin1 is a highly conserved enzyme that only isomerizes specific phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro bonds in certain proteins, thereby inducing conformational changes. Such conformational changes represent a novel and tightly controlled signaling mechanism regulating a spectrum of protein activities in physiology and disease; often through phosphorylation-dependent, ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. In this review, we summarize recent advances in elucidating the role and regulation of Pin1 in controlling protein stability. We also propose a mechanism by which Pin1 functions as a molecular switch to control the fates of phosphoproteins. We finally stress the need to develop tools to visualize directly Pin1-catalyzed protein conformational changes as a way to determine their roles in the development and treatment of human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Cherng Liou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
161
|
Prolyl cis/trans isomerase signalling pathways in cancer. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2011; 11:281-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
162
|
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β antagonizes mitogenic Ras signaling during epithelial regeneration, but TGF-β and Ras act synergistically in driving tumor progression. Insights into these apparently contradictory effects have come from recent detailed analyses of the TGF-β signaling process. Here, we summarize the different modes of TGF-β/Ras signaling in normal epithelium and neoplasms and show how perturbation of TGF-β signaling by Ras may contribute to a shift from tumor-suppressive to protumorigenic TGF-β activity during tumor progression. Smad proteins, which convey signals from TGF-β receptors to the nucleus, have intermediate linker regions between conserved Mad homology (MH) 1 and MH2 domains. TGF-β Type I receptor and Ras-associated kinases differentially phosphorylate Smad2 and Smad3 to create C-terminally (C), linker (L) or dually (L/C) phosphorylated (p) isoforms. In epithelial homeostasis, TGF-β-mediated pSmad3C signaling opposes proliferative responses induced by mitogenic signals. During carcinogenesis, activation of cytoplasmic Ras-associated kinases including mitogen-activated protein kinase confers a selective advantage on benign tumors by shifting Smad3 signaling from a tumor-suppressive pSmad3C to an oncogenic pSmad3L pathway, leading to carcinoma in situ. Finally, at the edges of advanced carcinomas invading adjacent tissues, nuclear Ras-associated kinases such as cyclin-dependent kinases, together with cytoplasmic kinases, alter TGF-β signals to more invasive and proliferative pSmad2L/C and pSmad3L/C signaling. Taken together, TGF-β signaling specificity arises from spatiotemporal dynamics of Smad phosphoisoforms. Based on these findings, we have reason to hope that pharmacologic inhibition of linker phosphorylation might suppress progression to human advanced carcinomas by switching from protumorigenic to tumor-suppressive TGF-β signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Matsuzaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, 10-15 Fumizonocho, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8506, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
163
|
Urusova DV, Shim JH, Kim DJ, Jung SK, Zykova TA, Carper A, Bode AM, Dong Z. Epigallocatechin-gallate suppresses tumorigenesis by directly targeting Pin1. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011; 4:1366-77. [PMID: 21750208 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-11-0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The most active anticancer component in green tea is epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). The human peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase (Pin1) plays a critical role in oncogenic signaling. Herein, we report the X-ray crystal structure of the Pin1/EGCG complex resolved at 1.9 Å resolution. Notably, the structure revealed the presence of EGCG in both the WW and PPIase domains of Pin1. The direct binding of EGCG with Pin1 was confirmed and the interaction inhibited Pin1 PPIase activity. In addition, proliferation of cells expressing Pin1 was inhibited and tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model was suppressed. The binding of EGCG with Arg17 in the WW domain prevented the binding of c-Jun, a well-known Pin1 substrate. EGCG treatment corresponded with a decreased abundance of cyclin D1 and diminution of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-l3-acetate-induced AP-1 or NF-κB promoter activity in cells expressing Pin1. Overall, these results showed that EGCG directly suppresses the tumor-promoting effect of Pin1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darya V Urusova
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
164
|
Girardini JE, Napoli M, Piazza S, Rustighi A, Marotta C, Radaelli E, Capaci V, Jordan L, Quinlan P, Thompson A, Mano M, Rosato A, Crook T, Scanziani E, Means AR, Lozano G, Schneider C, Del Sal G. A Pin1/mutant p53 axis promotes aggressiveness in breast cancer. Cancer Cell 2011; 20:79-91. [PMID: 21741598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
TP53 missense mutations dramatically influence tumor progression, however, their mechanism of action is still poorly understood. Here we demonstrate the fundamental role of the prolyl isomerase Pin1 in mutant p53 oncogenic functions. Pin1 enhances tumorigenesis in a Li-Fraumeni mouse model and cooperates with mutant p53 in Ras-dependent transformation. In breast cancer cells, Pin1 promotes mutant p53 dependent inhibition of the antimetastatic factor p63 and induction of a mutant p53 transcriptional program to increase aggressiveness. Furthermore, we identified a transcriptional signature associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer and, in a cohort of patients, Pin1 overexpression influenced the prognostic value of p53 mutation. These results define a Pin1/mutant p53 axis that conveys oncogenic signals to promote aggressiveness in human cancers.
Collapse
|
165
|
Naidu R, Har YC, Taib NAM. Analysis of peptidyl-propyl-cis/trans isomerase 1 (PIN1) gene −842(G > C) and −667(T > C) polymorphic variants in relation to breast cancer risk and clinico-pathological parameters. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2011; 71:500-6. [PMID: 21745146 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2011.590223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
166
|
Teng BL, Hacker KE, Chen S, Means AR, Rathmell WK. Tumor suppressive activity of prolyl isomerase Pin1 in renal cell carcinoma. Mol Oncol 2011; 5:465-74. [PMID: 21764651 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pin1 specifically recognizes and catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of phosphorylated-Ser/Thr-Pro bonds, which modulate the stability, localization, and function of numerous Pin1 targets involved in tumor progression. However, the role of Pin1 in cancer remains enigmatic as the gene is located on chromosome 19p13.2, which is a region subject to loss of heterozygosity in several tumors. Since Pin1 protein is frequently under-expressed in kidney cancer, we have explored its role in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Here we show evidence for PIN1 gene deletion and mRNA under-expression as a mechanism of Pin1 reduction in ccRCC tumors. We demonstrate that restoration of Pin1 in cell lines found to be deficient in Pin1 protein expression can attenuate the growth of ccRCC cells in soft agar and a xenograft tumor model. Moreover, this ability of Pin1 to negatively influence tumor growth in ccRCC cells may be dependent on the presence of functional p53, which is infrequently mutated in ccRCC. These observations suggest Pin1 may have a mild tumor suppressive role in ccRCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Teng
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
167
|
Atabay KD, Karabay A. Pin1 inhibition activates cyclin D and produces neurodegenerative pathology. J Neurochem 2011; 120:430-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07259.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
168
|
Fox AD, Hescott BJ, Blumer AC, Slonim DK. Connectedness of PPI network neighborhoods identifies regulatory hub proteins. Bioinformatics 2011; 27:1135-42. [PMID: 21367871 PMCID: PMC3072558 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btr099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION With the growing availability of high-throughput protein-protein interaction (PPI) data, it has become possible to consider how a protein's local or global network characteristics predict its function. RESULTS We introduce a graph-theoretic approach that identifies key regulatory proteins in an organism by analyzing proteins' local PPI network structure. We apply the method to the yeast genome and describe several properties of the resulting set of regulatory hubs. Finally, we demonstrate how the identified hubs and putative target gene sets can be used to identify causative, functional regulators of differential gene expression linked to human disease. AVAILABILITY Code is available at http://bcb.cs.tufts.edu/hubcomps. CONTACT fox.andrew.d@gmail.com; slonim@cs.tufts.edu SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Fox
- Department of Computer Science, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
169
|
Lee TH, Chen CH, Suizu F, Huang P, Schiene-Fischer C, Daum S, Zhang YJ, Goate A, Chen RH, Zhou XZ, Lu KP. Death-associated protein kinase 1 phosphorylates Pin1 and inhibits its prolyl isomerase activity and cellular function. Mol Cell 2011; 42:147-59. [PMID: 21497122 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pin1 is a phospho-specific prolyl isomerase that regulates numerous key signaling molecules and whose deregulation contributes to disease notably cancer. However, since prolyl isomerases are often believed to be constitutively active, little is known whether and how Pin1 catalytic activity is regulated. Here, we identify death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1), a known tumor suppressor, as a kinase responsible for phosphorylation of Pin1 on Ser71 in the catalytic active site. Such phosphorylation fully inactivates Pin1 catalytic activity and inhibits its nuclear location. Moreover, DAPK1 inhibits the ability of Pin1 to induce centrosome amplification and cell transformation. Finally, Pin1 pSer71 levels are positively correlated with DAPK1 levels and negatively with centrosome amplification in human breast cancer. Thus, phosphorylation of Pin1 Ser71 by DAPK1 inhibits its catalytic activity and cellular function, providing strong evidence for an essential role of the Pin1 enzymatic activity for its cellular function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Ho Lee
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
170
|
Peptide Bond cis/trans Isomerases: A Biocatalysis Perspective of Conformational Dynamics in Proteins. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2011; 328:35-67. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2011_151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
171
|
Saegusa M, Hashimura M, Kuwata T. Pin1 acts as a modulator of cell proliferation through alteration in NF-κB but not β-catenin/TCF4 signalling in a subset of endometrial carcinoma cells. J Pathol 2010; 222:410-20. [PMID: 20922712 DOI: 10.1002/path.2773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Prolyl isomerase Pin1 is frequently up-regulated in a variety of human malignancies, modulating signalling in several oncogenic pathways, including those involving NF-κB and β-catenin. Our previous study provided evidence that alterations in these signal pathways are essential events during trans-differentiation of endometrial carcinoma (Em Ca) cells. Here we focused on the functional roles of Pin1. In normal endometrium, Pin1 expression showed a stepwise decrease from proliferative to secretory phases during the menstrual cycle, correlating positively with cell proliferation and expression of several cell cycle-related molecules including E2F1 and pRb. Transfection of E2F1 caused transactivation of Pin1, indicating control by E2F1/Rb pathways. In Em Cas with morules, Pin1 expression was found to be significantly increased in glandular but not in morular components, correlating inversely with nuclear accumulation of β-catenin. Overexpression also caused an increase in the stability of nuclear p65, leading to enhancement of NF-κB-mediated transactivation of the cyclin D1 gene, in contrast to minimal inhibition of β-catenin/TCF4 transcription activity. These findings indicate that Pin1 may play an important role in preserving cell proliferative activity in glandular carcinoma components through enhancement of NF-κB signalling, but its down-regulation may be a key signal for induction of trans-differentiation of Em Ca cells, contributing to a shift from NF-κB to β-catenin/TCF signalling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Saegusa
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
172
|
Wheaton K, Muir J, Ma W, Benchimol S. BTG2 antagonizes Pin1 in response to mitogens and telomere disruption during replicative senescence. Aging Cell 2010; 9:747-60. [PMID: 20569234 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2010.00601.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence limits the replicative capacity of normal cells and acts as an intrinsic barrier that protects against the development of cancer. Telomere shortening-induced replicative senescence is dependent on the ATM-p53-p21 pathway but additional genes likely contribute to senescence. Here, we show that the p53-responsive gene BTG2 plays an essential role in replicative senescence. Similar to p53 and p21 depletion, BTG2 depletion in human fibroblasts leads to an extension of cellular lifespan, and ectopic BTG2 induces senescence independently of p53. The anti-proliferative function of BTG2 during senescence involves its stabilization in response to telomere dysfunction followed by serum-dependent binding and relocalization of the cell cycle regulator prolyl isomerase Pin1. Pin1 inhibition leads to senescence in late-passage cells, and ectopic Pin1 expression rescues cells from BTG2-induced senescence. The neutralization of Pin1 by BTG2 provides a critical mechanism to maintain senescent arrest in the presence of mitogenic signals in normal primary fibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Wheaton
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
173
|
Magli A, Angelelli C, Ganassi M, Baruffaldi F, Matafora V, Battini R, Bachi A, Messina G, Rustighi A, Del Sal G, Ferrari S, Molinari S. Proline isomerase Pin1 represses terminal differentiation and myocyte enhancer factor 2C function in skeletal muscle cells. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:34518-27. [PMID: 20801874 PMCID: PMC2966067 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.104133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible proline-directed phosphorylation at Ser/Thr-Pro motifs has an essential role in myogenesis, a multistep process strictly regulated by several signaling pathways that impinge on two families of myogenic effectors, the basic helix-loop-helix myogenic transcription factors and the MEF2 (myocyte enhancer factor 2) proteins. The question of how these signals are deciphered by the myogenic effectors remains largely unaddressed. In this study, we show that the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1, which catalyzes the isomerization of phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro peptide bonds to induce conformational changes of its target proteins, acts as an inhibitor of muscle differentiation because its knockdown in myoblasts promotes myotube formation. With the aim of clarifying the mechanism of Pin1 function in skeletal myogenesis, we investigated whether MEF2C, a critical regulator of the myogenic program that is the end point of several signaling pathways, might serve as a/the target for the inhibitory effects of Pin1 on muscle differentiation. We show that Pin1 interacts selectively with phosphorylated MEF2C in skeletal muscle cells, both in vitro and in vivo. The interaction with Pin1 requires two novel critical phospho-Ser/Thr-Pro motifs in MEF2C, Ser98 and Ser110, which are phosphorylated in vivo. Overexpression of Pin1 decreases MEF2C stability and activity and its ability to cooperate with MyoD to activate myogenic conversion. Collectively, these findings reveal a novel role for Pin1 as a regulator of muscle terminal differentiation and suggest that Pin1-mediated repression of MEF2C function could contribute to this function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Magli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
174
|
Li L, Chen P, Lian HK, Zhao JM, Ma JF, Dong ZM. Screening and characterization of stable Pin1-knockdown esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell strains. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2010; 18:1485-1488. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v18.i14.1485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To screen stable peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (Pin1)-knockdown esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell strains and to study the effects of Pin1 down-regulation on the biological characteristics of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells (EC1).
METHODS: After EC1 cells were transfected with pmU6-Pin1 plasmid, cell strains stably expressing Pin1 siRNA were selected in the presence of G418. The expression of Pin1 protein was detected by Western blotting. After stable Pin1-knockdown cell strains were obtained, the impact of Pin1 knockdown on cell growth and apoptosis was detected by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively.
RESULTS: Western blot analysis showed that the expression of Pin1 protein was effectively inhibited in EC1 cell strains stably expressing Pin1 siRNA. MTT assay and flow cytometry showed that Pin1 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation (the reduced rate of cell proliferation: 51.8%) and induced cell apoptosis (apoptosis rate: 46.39%). Inhibition of Pin1 could significantly increase the sensitivity of EC1 to cisplatin (CDDP) since the reduced rate of cell proliferation increased from 23.5% to 61.0% and the apoptosis rate from 26.10% to 58.95%.
CONCLUSION: Stable Pin1-knockdown esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell strains provide a basis for studying Pin1 function in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The observation that Pin1 knockdown could increase the sensitivity of EC1 cells to CDDP provides new insight into the therapy of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Collapse
|
175
|
Goh JY, Lai CY, Tan LC, Yang D, He CY, Liou YC. Functional characterization of two novel parvulins in Trypanosoma brucei. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:2901-8. [PMID: 20466001 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Parvulins belong to a family of peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIases) that catalyze the cis/trans conformations of prolyl-peptidyl bonds. Herein, we characterized two novel parvulins, TbPIN1 and TbPAR42, in Trypanosoma brucei. TbPIN1, a 115 amino-acid protein, contains a single PPIase domain but lacks the N-terminal WW domain. Using NMR spectroscopy, TbPIN1 was found to exhibit PPIase activity toward a phosphorylated substrate. Overexpression of TbPIN1 can rescue the impaired temperature-sensitive phenotype in a mutant yeast strain. TbPAR42, containing 383 amino acids, comprises a novel FHA domain at its N terminus and a C-terminal PPIase domain but is a non-Pin1-type PPIase. Functionally, a knockdown of TbPAR42 in its procyclic form results in reduced proliferation rates suggesting an important role in cell growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yuan Goh
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
176
|
Dong L, Marakovits J, Hou X, Guo C, Greasley S, Dagostino E, Ferre R, Johnson MC, Kraynov E, Thomson J, Pathak V, Murray BW. Structure-based design of novel human Pin1 inhibitors (II). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:2210-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
177
|
Westmark PR, Westmark CJ, Wang S, Levenson J, O'Riordan KJ, Burger C, Malter JS. Pin1 and PKMzeta sequentially control dendritic protein synthesis. Sci Signal 2010; 3:ra18. [PMID: 20215645 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Some forms of learning and memory and their electrophysiologic correlate, long-term potentiation (LTP), require dendritic translation. We demonstrate that Pin1 (protein interacting with NIMA 1), a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase, is present in dendritic spines and shafts and inhibits protein synthesis induced by glutamatergic signaling. Pin1 suppression increased dendritic translation, possibly through eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and eIF4E binding proteins 1 and 2 (4E-BP1/2). Consistent with increased protein synthesis, hippocampal slices from Pin(-/-) mice had normal early LTP (E-LTP) but significantly enhanced late LTP (L-LTP) compared to wild-type controls. Protein kinase C zeta (PKCzeta) and protein kinase M zeta (PKMzeta) were increased in Pin1(-/-) mouse brain, and their activity was required to maintain dendritic translation. PKMzeta interacted with and inhibited Pin1 by phosphorylating serine 16. Therefore, glutamate-induced, dendritic protein synthesis is sequentially regulated by Pin1 and PKMzeta signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela R Westmark
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Waisman Center for Developmental Disabilities, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
178
|
Khanal P, Namgoong GM, Kang BS, Woo ER, Choi HS. The Prolyl Isomerase Pin1 Enhances HER-2 Expression and Cellular Transformation via Its Interaction with Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Kinase 1. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 9:606-16. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-0560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
179
|
Prevalence and prognostic impact of allelic imbalances associated with leukemic transformation of Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. Blood 2010; 115:2882-90. [PMID: 20068225 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-07-235119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) including polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis show an inherent tendency for transformation into leukemia (MPN-blast phase), which is hypothesized to be accompanied by acquisition of additional genomic lesions. We, therefore, examined chromosomal abnormalities by high-resolution single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array in 88 MPN patients, as well as 71 cases with MPN-blast phase, and correlated these findings with their clinical parameters. Frequent genomic alterations were found in MPN after leukemic transformation with up to 3-fold more genomic changes per sample compared with samples in chronic phase (P < .001). We identified commonly altered regions involved in disease progression including not only established targets (ETV6, TP53, and RUNX1) but also new candidate genes on 7q, 16q, 19p, and 21q. Moreover, trisomy 8 or amplification of 8q24 (MYC) was almost exclusively detected in JAK2V617F(-) cases with MPN-blast phase. Remarkably, copy number-neutral loss of heterozygosity (CNN-LOH) on either 7q or 9p including homozygous JAK2V617F was related to decreased survival after leukemic transformation (P = .01 and P = .016, respectively). Our high-density SNP-array analysis of MPN genomes in the chronic compared with leukemic stage identified novel target genes and provided prognostic insights associated with the evolution to leukemia.
Collapse
|
180
|
Singh N, Ma Z, Gemmill T, Wu X, Defiglio H, Rossettini A, Rabeler C, Beane O, Morse RH, Palumbo MJ, Hanes SD. The Ess1 prolyl isomerase is required for transcription termination of small noncoding RNAs via the Nrd1 pathway. Mol Cell 2009; 36:255-66. [PMID: 19854134 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2009.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Revised: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide studies have identified abundant small, noncoding RNAs, including small nuclear RNAs, small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs), and upstream regulatory RNAs (uRNAs), that are transcribed by RNA polymerase II (pol II) and terminated by an Nrd1-dependent pathway. Here, we show that the prolyl isomerase Ess1 is required for Nrd1-dependent termination of noncoding RNAs. Ess1 binds the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of pol II and is thought to regulate transcription by conformational isomerization of Ser-Pro bonds within the CTD. In ess1 mutants, expression of approximately 10% of the genome was altered, due primarily to defects in termination of snoRNAs, CUTs, stable unannotated transcripts, and uRNAs. Ess1 promoted dephosphorylation of Ser5 (but not Ser2) within the CTD, most likely by the Ssu72 phosphatase. We also provide evidence for a competition between Nrd1 and Pcf11 for CTD binding that is regulated by Ess1. These data indicate that a prolyl isomerase is required for specifying the "CTD code."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navjot Singh
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
181
|
Matsuura I, Chiang KN, Lai CY, He D, Wang G, Ramkumar R, Uchida T, Ryo A, Lu K, Liu F. Pin1 promotes transforming growth factor-beta-induced migration and invasion. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:1754-64. [PMID: 19920136 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.063826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) regulates a wide variety of biological activities. It induces potent growth-inhibitory responses in normal cells but promotes migration and invasion of cancer cells. Smads mediate the TGF-beta responses. TGF-beta binding to the cell surface receptors leads to the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 in their C terminus as well as in the proline-rich linker region. The serine/threonine phosphorylation sites in the linker region are followed by the proline residue. Pin1, a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase, recognizes phosphorylated serine/threonine-proline motifs. Here we show that Smad2/3 interacts with Pin1 in a TGF-beta-dependent manner. We further show that the phosphorylated threonine 179-proline motif in the Smad3 linker region is the major binding site for Pin1. Although epidermal growth factor also induces phosphorylation of threonine 179 and other residues in the Smad3 linker region the same as TGF-beta, Pin1 is unable to bind to the epidermal growth factor-stimulated Smad3. Further analysis suggests that phosphorylation of Smad3 in the C terminus is necessary for the interaction with Pin1. Depletion of Pin1 by small hairpin RNA does not significantly affect TGF-beta-induced growth-inhibitory responses and a number of TGF-beta/Smad target genes analyzed. In contrast, knockdown of Pin1 in human PC3 prostate cancer cells strongly inhibited TGF-beta-mediated migration and invasion. Accordingly, TGF-beta induction of N-cadherin, which plays an important role in migration and invasion, is markedly reduced when Pin1 is depleted in PC3 cells. Because Pin1 is overexpressed in many cancers, our findings highlight the importance of Pin1 in TGF-beta-induced migration and invasion of cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isao Matsuura
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
182
|
PIN1 gene variants in Alzheimer's disease. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2009; 10:115. [PMID: 19909517 PMCID: PMC2781804 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-10-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 11/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1) plays a significant role in the brain and is implicated in numerous cellular processes related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative conditions. There are confounding results concerning PIN1 activity in AD brains. Also PIN1 genetic variation was inconsistently associated with AD risk. METHODS We performed analysis of coding and promoter regions of PIN1 in early- and late-onset AD and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients in comparison with healthy controls. RESULTS Analysis of eighteen PIN1 common polymorphisms and their haplotypes in EOAD, LOAD and FTD individuals in comparison with the control group did not reveal their contribution to disease risk.In six unrelated familial AD patients four novel PIN1 sequence variants were detected. c.58+64C>T substitution that was identified in three patients, was located in an alternative exon. In silico analysis suggested that this variant highly increases a potential affinity for a splicing factor and introduces two intronic splicing enhancers. In the peripheral leukocytes of one living patient carrying the variant, a 2.82 fold decrease in PIN1 expression was observed. CONCLUSION Our data does not support the role of PIN1 common polymorphisms as AD risk factor. However, we suggest that the identified rare sequence variants could be directly connected with AD pathology, influencing PIN1 splicing and/or expression.
Collapse
|
183
|
Abstract
The role of aneuploidy in tumorigenesis remains poorly understood, although the two have been known to be linked for more than 100 years. Recent studies indicate that aneuploidy can promote tumour cell growth and cell death and that the cellular outcome is dependent on the extent of aneuploidy induced. The mitotic checkpoint plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of genome stability and has been the focus of work investigating the distinct outcomes of aneuploidy. In the present article, we review the molecular mechanisms involved and discuss the potential of the mitotic checkpoint as a therapeutic target in cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
184
|
The prolyl isomerase Pin1 regulates the NF-kappaB signaling pathway and interleukin-8 expression in glioblastoma. Oncogene 2009; 28:3735-45. [PMID: 19668231 PMCID: PMC5987556 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The brain tumor glioblastoma remains one of the most aggressive and devastating tumors despite decades of effort to find more effective treatments. A hallmark of glioblastoma is the constitutive activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, which regulates cell proliferation, inflammation, migration, and apoptosis. The prolyl isomerase Pin1 has been found to bind directly to the NF-κB protein, p65, and cause increases in NF-κB promoter activity in a breast cancer model. We now present evidence that this interaction occurs in glioblastoma and that it has important consequences on NF-κB signaling. We demonstrate that Pin1 levels are enhanced in primary glioblastoma tissues compared to controls, and that this difference in Pin1 expression affects the migratory capacity of glioblastoma-derived cells. Pin1 knockdown decreases the amount of activated, phosphorylated p65 in the nucleus, resulting in inhibition of the transcriptional program of the IL-8 gene. Through the use of microarray, we also observed changes in the expression levels of other NF-κB regulated genes due to Pin1 knockdown. Taken together, these data suggest that Pin1 is an important regulator of NF-κB in glioblastoma, and support the notion of using Pin1 as a therapeutic target in the future.
Collapse
|
185
|
Abstract
Failure of cytokinesis results in tetraploidy and can increase the genomic instability frequently observed in cancer. The peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1, which is deregulated in many tumors, regulates several processes, including cell cycle progression. Here, we show a novel role for Pin1 in cytokinesis. Pin1 knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts show a cytokinesis delay, and depletion of Pin1 from HeLa cells also causes a cytokinesis defect. Furthermore, we provide evidence that Pin1 localizes to the midbody ring and regulates the final stages of cytokinesis by binding to centrosome protein 55 kDa (Cep55), an essential component of this ring. This interaction induces Polo-like kinase 1-mediated phosphorylation of Cep55, which is critical for the function of Cep55 during cytokinesis. Importantly, Pin1 knockdown does not enhance the cytokinesis defect in Cep55-depleted cells, indicating that Pin1 and Cep55 act in the same pathway. These data are the first evidence that Pin1 regulates cytokinesis and may provide a mechanistic explanation as to how pathologic levels of Pin1 can stimulate tumorigenesis.
Collapse
|
186
|
Lu J, Hu Z, Wei S, Wang LE, Liu Z, El-Naggar AK, Sturgis EM, Wei Q. A novel functional variant (-842G>C) in the PIN1 promoter contributes to decreased risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck by diminishing the promoter activity. Carcinogenesis 2009; 30:1717-21. [PMID: 19625347 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PIN1, a new peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase, regulates the conformation of Pro-directed phosphorylation sites, revealing a new postphosphorylation regulatory mechanism. PIN1-induced conformational changes potentiate multiple oncogenic signaling pathways, and PIN1 overexpression is reported as a prevalent and specific event in human cancers. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that common polymorphisms in the coding and promoter regions of PIN1 are associated with risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). We genotyped three selected PIN1 polymorphisms (-842G>C, -667T>C and Gln33Gln) in a hospital-based case-control study of 1006 patients with SCCHN and 1007 cancer-free control subjects. We found that the -842C variant genotypes were associated with decreased risk for SCCHN [Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.59-0.93 for the CG genotype, OR = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.34-2.01 for the CC genotype and OR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.59-0.93 for CG+CC genotypes, compared with the GG genotype]. However, no altered risks were observed for -667T>C and Gln33Gln polymorphisms. Further experiments of the reporter gene expression driven by the allelic PIN1 promoter showed that the -842G allele had a higher activity than that driven by the -842C allele, suggesting that the -842C allele was associated with a reduced transcriptional activity, a finding consistent with a reduced risk observed in the case-control analysis. Large prospective studies of diverse ethnic groups and diverse cancer sites are warranted to validate our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiachun Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
187
|
Zhou W, Yang Q, Low CB, Karthik BC, Wang Y, Ryo A, Yao SQ, Yang D, Liou YC. Pin1 catalyzes conformational changes of Thr-187 in p27Kip1 and mediates its stability through a polyubiquitination process. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:23980-8. [PMID: 19584057 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.022814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The cis-trans peptidylprolyl isomerase Pin1 plays a critical role in regulating a subset of phosphoproteins by catalyzing conformational changes on the phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro motifs. The phosphorylation-directed ubiquitination is one of the major mechanisms to regulate the abundance of p27(Kip1). In this study, we demonstrate that Pin1 catalyzes the cis-trans conformational changes of p27(Kip1) and further mediates its stability through the polyubiquitination mechanism. Our results show that the phosphorylated Thr-187-Pro motif in p27(Kip1) is a key Pin1-binding site. In addition, NMR analyses show that this phosphorylated Thr-187-Pro site undergoes conformational change catalyzed by Pin1. Moreover, in Pin1 knock-out mouse embryonic fibroblasts, p27(Kip1) has a shorter lifetime and displays a higher degree of polyubiquitination than in Pin1 wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblasts, suggesting that Pin1 plays a critical role in regulating p27(Kip1) degradation. Additionally, Pin1 dramatically reduces the interaction between p27(Kip1) and Cks1, possibly via isomerizing the cis-trans conformation of p27(Kip1). Our study thus reveals a novel regulatory mechanism for p27(Kip1) stability and sheds new light on the biological function of Pin1 as a general regulator of protein stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
188
|
Fan G, Fan Y, Gupta N, Matsuura I, Liu F, Zhou XZ, Lu KP, Gélinas C. Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 markedly enhances the oncogenic activity of the rel proteins in the nuclear factor-kappaB family. Cancer Res 2009; 69:4589-97. [PMID: 19458071 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-4117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 is frequently up-regulated in human cancers in which Rel/nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is constitutively activated, but its role in these cancers remains to be determined, and evidence is still lacking to show that Pin1 contributes to cell transformation by Rel/NF-kappaB. Rel/NF-kappaB transcriptional and oncogenic activities are modulated by several posttranslational modifications and coregulatory proteins, and previous studies showed that cytokine treatment induces binding of Pin1 to the RelA subunit of NF-kappaB, thereby enhancing RelA nuclear localization and stability. Here we show that Pin1 associates with the Rel subunits of NF-kappaB that are implicated in leukemia/lymphomagenesis and modulates their transcriptional and oncogenic activities. Pin1 markedly enhanced transformation of primary lymphocytes by the human c-Rel protein and also increased cell transformation by the potent viral Rel/NF-kappaB oncoprotein v-Rel, in contrast to a Pin1 mutant in the WW domain involved in interaction with NF-kappaB. Pin1 promoted nuclear accumulation of Rel proteins in the absence of activating stimuli. Importantly, inhibition of Pin1 function with the pharmacologic inhibitor juglone or with Pin1-specific shRNA led to cytoplasmic relocalization of endogenous c-Rel in human lymphoma-derived cell lines, markedly interfered with lymphoma cell proliferation, and suppressed endogenous Rel/NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression. Together, these results show that Pin1 is an important regulator of Rel/NF-kappaB transforming activity and suggest that Pin1 may be a potential therapeutic target in Rel/NF-kappaB-dependent leukemia/lymphomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Fan
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School 679 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
189
|
Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1 is critical for the regulation of PKB/Akt stability and activation phosphorylation. Oncogene 2009; 28:2436-45. [PMID: 19448664 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The serine/threonine protein kinase B (PKB, also known as Akt) plays a pivotal role in diverse cellular functions. Elevated expression of activated Akt has been detected in a wide variety of human cancers; however, the mechanism of Akt protein stability regulation remains unclear. In this study, we showed a strong correlation between the expression levels of an oncogenic peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1 and levels of Akt phosphorylation at S473 in multiple cancer types (P<0.0001). Akt-pS473 status combined with Pin1 expression levels predicted a poorer prognosis than did either one alone in patients with breast cancer (P=0.0052). We further showed that Pin1 regulated Akt stability and phosphorylation on S473 through the phosphorylated Thr-Pro motifs of Akt. These motifs are conserved evolutionary and are required for the maintenance of Akt stability and its interaction with Pin1. In addition, repressing Pin1 expression through either homologue Pin1 knockout or small interfering RNA-mediated knockingdown compromised its ability to protect Akt from degradation. Our results show how Akt protein stability is regulated by the peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1 and highlight the importance of this oncogenic network in human disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
190
|
New insights into the functions and regulation of the transcriptional corepressors SMRT and N-CoR. Cell Div 2009; 4:7. [PMID: 19383165 PMCID: PMC2678994 DOI: 10.1186/1747-1028-4-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Corepressors are large proteins that facilitate transcriptional repression through recruitment of histone-modifying enzymes. Two major corepressors, SMRT (silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors) and N-CoR (nuclear receptor corepressor), have been shown to mediate repression associated with nuclear receptors and a myriad of other transcription factors. This review will focus on recent studies on these proteins, including newly discovered physiological roles of the corepressors, their modes of regulation, their roles in antiestrogen-resistant breast cancer and their functions during the cell cycle.
Collapse
|
191
|
Peloponese JM, Yasunaga J, Kinjo T, Watashi K, Jeang KT. Peptidylproline cis-trans-isomerase Pin1 interacts with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 tax and modulates its activation of NF-kappaB. J Virol 2009; 83:3238-48. [PMID: 19158244 PMCID: PMC2655545 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01824-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an oncogenic retrovirus etiologically causal of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). The virus encodes a Tax oncoprotein that functions in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle control, and transformation. ATL is a highly virulent cancer that is resistant to chemotherapeutic treatments. To understand this disease better, it is important to comprehend how HTLV-1 promotes cellular growth and survival. Tax activation of NF-kappaB is important for the proliferation and transformation of virus-infected cells. We show here that prolyl isomerase Pin1 is over expressed in HTLV-1 cell lines; Pin1 binds Tax and regulates Tax-induced NF-kappaB activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Peloponese
- Molecular Virology Section, Laboratory of Molecular, Microbiology, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0460, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
192
|
Nakano A, Koinuma D, Miyazawa K, Uchida T, Saitoh M, Kawabata M, Hanai JI, Akiyama H, Abe M, Miyazono K, Matsumoto T, Imamura T. Pin1 Down-regulates Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) Signaling by Inducing Degradation of Smad Proteins. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:6109-15. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m804659200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
|
193
|
The prolyl-isomerase Pin1 is a Notch1 target that enhances Notch1 activation in cancer. Nat Cell Biol 2009; 11:133-42. [PMID: 19151708 DOI: 10.1038/ncb1822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Signalling through Notch receptors requires ligand-induced cleavage to release the intracellular domain, which acts as a transcriptional activator in the nucleus. Deregulated Notch1 signalling has been implicated in mammary tumorigenesis; however the mechanisms underlying Notch activation in breast cancer remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the prolyl-isomerase Pin1 interacts with Notch1 and affects Notch1 activation. Pin1 potentiates Notch1 cleavage by gamma-secretase, leading to an increased release of the active intracellular domain and ultimately enhancing Notch1 transcriptional and tumorigenic activity. We found that Notch1 directly induces transcription of Pin1, thereby generating a positive loop. In human breast cancers, we observed a strong correlation between Pin1 overexpression and high levels of activated Notch1. Thus, the molecular circuitry established by Notch1 and Pin1 may have a key role in cancer.
Collapse
|
194
|
Bane FT, Bannon JH, Pennington SR, Campiani G, Williams DC, Zisterer DM, Mc Gee MM. The Microtubule-Targeting Agents, PBOX-6 [Pyrrolobenzoxazepine 7-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy]-6-(2-naphthyl)pyrrolo-[2,1-d] (1,5)-benzoxazepine] and Paclitaxel, Induce Nucleocytoplasmic Redistribution of the Peptidyl-Prolyl Isomerases, Cyclophilin A and Pin1, in Malignant Hematopoietic Cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 329:38-47. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.108.148130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
195
|
Stanya KJ, Liu Y, Means AR, Kao HY. Cdk2 and Pin1 negatively regulate the transcriptional corepressor SMRT. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 183:49-61. [PMID: 18838553 PMCID: PMC2557042 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200806172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Silencing mediator for retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor (SMRT) is a transcriptional corepressor that participates in diverse signaling pathways and human diseases. However, regulation of SMRT stability remains largely unexplored. We show that the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 interacts with SMRT both in vitro and in mammalian cells. This interaction requires the WW domain of Pin1 and SMRT phosphorylation. Pin1 regulates SMRT protein stability, thereby affecting SMRT-dependent transcriptional repression. SMRT phosphorylation at multiple sites is required for Pin1 interaction, and these sites can be phosphorylated by Cdk2, which interacts with SMRT. Cdk2-mediated phosphorylation of SMRT is required for Pin1 binding and decreases SMRT stability, whereas mutation of these phosphorylation sites abrogates Pin1 binding and stabilizes SMRT. Finally, decreases in SMRT stability occur in response to the activation of Her2/Neu/ErbB2, and this receptor functions upstream of both Pin1 and Cdk2 in the signaling cascade that regulates SMRT stability and cellular response to tamoxifen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher J Stanya
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Research Institute of University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
196
|
Ding Q, Huo L, Yang JY, Xia W, Wei Y, Liao Y, Chang CJ, Yang Y, Lai CC, Lee DF, Yen CJ, Chen YJR, Hsu JM, Kuo HP, Lin CY, Tsai FJ, Li LY, Tsai CH, Hung MC. Down-regulation of myeloid cell leukemia-1 through inhibiting Erk/Pin 1 pathway by sorafenib facilitates chemosensitization in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2008; 68:6109-17. [PMID: 18676833 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1), a Bcl-2-like antiapoptotic protein, plays a role in cell immortalization and chemoresistance in a number of human malignancies. A peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase, Pin1 is involved in many cellular events, such as cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, and differentiation through isomerizing prophosphorylated substrates. It has been reported that down-regulation of Pin1 induces apoptosis, and that Erk phosphorylates and up-regulates Mcl-1; however, the underlying mechanisms for the two phenomena are not clear yet. Here, we showed that Pin 1 stabilizes Mcl-1, which is required for Mcl-1 posphorylation by Erk. First, we found expression of Mcl-1 and Pin1 were positively correlated and associated with poor survival in human breast cancer. We then showed that Erk could phosphorylate Mcl-1 at two consensus residues, Thr 92 and 163, which is required for the association of Mcl-1 and Pin1, resulting in stabilization of Mcl-1. Moreover, Pin1 is also required for the up-regulation of Mcl-1 by Erk activation. Based on this newly identified mechanism of Mcl-1 stabilization, two strategies were used to overcome Mcl-1-mediated chemoresistance: inhibiting Erk by Sorafenib, an approved clinical anticancer drug, or knocking down Pin1 by using a SiRNA technique. In conclusion, the current report not only unravels a novel mechanism to link Erk/Pin1 pathway and Mcl-1-mediated chemoresistance but also provides a plausible combination therapy, Taxol (Paclitaxel) plus Sorafenib, which was shown to be effective in killing breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Ding
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
197
|
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication and regulation of APOBEC3G by peptidyl prolyl isomerase Pin1. J Virol 2008; 82:9928-36. [PMID: 18684817 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01017-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
APOBEC3G (A3G) is a cytidine deaminase that restricts human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication. HIV-1 synthesizes a viral infectivity factor (Vif) to counter A3G restriction. Currently, it is poorly understood how A3G expression/activity is regulated by cellular factors. Here, we show that the prolyl isomerase Pin1 protein modulates A3G expression. Pin1 was found to be an A3G-interacting protein that reduces A3G expression and its incorporation into HIV-1 virion, thereby limiting A3G-mediated restriction of HIV-1. Intriguingly, HIV-1 infection modulates the phosphorylation state of Pin1, enhancing its ability to moderate A3G activity. These new findings suggest a potential Vif-independent way for HIV-1 to moderate the cellular action of A3G.
Collapse
|
198
|
Fila C, Metz C, van der Sluijs P. Juglone inactivates cysteine-rich proteins required for progression through mitosis. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:21714-24. [PMID: 18539601 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m710264200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The parvulin peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 catalyzes cis-trans isomerization of p(S/T)-P bonds and might alter conformation and function of client proteins. Since the trans conformation of p(S/T)-P bonds is preferred by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), Pin1 may facilitate PP2A-mediated dephosphorylation. Juglone irreversibly inhibits parvulins and is often used to study the function of Pin1 in vivo. The drug prevents dephosphorylation of mitotic phosphoproteins, perhaps because they bind Pin1 and are dephosphorylated by PP2A. We show here however that juglone inhibited post-mitotic dephosphorylation and the exit of mitosis, independent of Pin1. This effect involved covalent modification of sulfhydryl groups in proteins essential for metaphase/anaphase transition. Particularly cytoplasmic proteins with a high cysteine content were vulnerable to the drug. Alkylation of sulfhydryl groups altered the conformation of such proteins, as evidenced by the disappearance of antibody epitopes on tubulin and the mitotic checkpoint component BubR1. The latter activates the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome, which degrades regulatory proteins, such as cyclin B1 and securins, and is required for mitotic exit. Indeed, juglone-treated cells failed to assemble a mitotic spindle, which correlated with perturbed microtubule dynamics, loss of immunodetectable tubulin, and formation of tubulin aggregates. Juglone also prevented degradation of cyclin B1, independently of the Mps1-controlled mitotic spindle checkpoint. Since juglone affected cell cycle progression at several levels, more specific drugs need to be developed for studies of Pin1 function in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Fila
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
199
|
Liu T, Huang Y, Likhotvorik RI, Keshvara L, Hoyt DG. Protein Never in Mitosis Gene A Interacting-1 (PIN1) regulates degradation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2008; 295:C819-27. [PMID: 18650263 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00366.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The peptidyl-proline isomerase Protein Never in Mitosis Gene A Interacting-1 (PIN1) increases the level or activity of several transcription factors that can induce the inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS). PIN1 can also regulate mRNA and protein turnover. Here, the effect of depletion of PIN1 on induction of iNOS by Escherichia coli endotoxin (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) in murine aortic endothelial cells (MAEC) was determined. Suppression of PIN1 by 85% with small hairpin RNA enhanced the induction of NO and iNOS protein by LPS-IFNgamma. There was no effect on induction of iNOS mRNA, suggesting a posttranscriptional effect. The enhanced levels of iNOS protein were functionally significant since LPS-IFNgamma was cytotoxic to MAEC lacking PIN1 but not MAEC harboring an inactive control construct, and because cytotoxicity was blocked by the NO synthase inhibitor N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. Consistent with posttranscriptional action, knockdown of PIN1 increased the stability of iNOS protein in cycloheximide-treated cells. Furthermore, loss of iNOS was blocked by the calpain inhibitor carbobenzoxy-valinyl-phenylalaninal but not by the selective proteasome inhibitor epoxomicin. Immunoprecipitation indicated that PIN1 can interact with iNOS. Pull down of iNOS with a wild-type glutathione-S-transferase-PIN1 fusion protein, but not with a mutant of the amino terminal phospho-(serine/threonine)-proline binding WW domain of PIN1, indicated that this domain mediates interaction. The results suggest that PIN1 associates with iNOS and can limit its induction by facilitating calpain-mediated degradation in MAEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongzheng Liu
- Division of Pharmacology, The Ohio State University College of Pharmacy, 500 West Twelfth Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
200
|
Abstract
Proline is unique in the realm of amino acids in its ability to adopt completely distinct cis and trans conformations, which allows it to act as a backbone switch that is controlled by prolyl cis-trans isomerization. This intrinsically slow interconversion can be catalyzed by the evolutionarily conserved group of peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase enzymes. These enzymes include cyclophilins and FK506-binding proteins, which are well known for their isomerization-independent role as cellular targets for immunosuppressive drugs. The significance of enzyme-catalyzed prolyl cis-trans isomerization as an important regulatory mechanism in human physiology and pathology was not recognized until the discovery of the phosphorylation-specific prolyl isomerase Pin1. Recent studies indicate that both phosphorylation-dependent and phosphorylation-independent prolyl cis-trans isomerization can act as a novel molecular timer to help control the amplitude and duration of a cellular process, and prolyl cis-trans isomerization might be a new target for therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ping Lu
- Cancer Biology Program, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB 1030, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|