151
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Ilic VK, Egorova O, Tsang E, Gatto M, Wen Y, Zhao Y, Sheng Y. Hinokiflavone Inhibits MDM2 Activity by Targeting the MDM2-MDMX RING Domain. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050643. [PMID: 35625571 PMCID: PMC9138535 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The proto-oncogene MDM2 is frequently amplified in many human cancers and its overexpression is clinically associated with a poor prognosis. The oncogenic activity of MDM2 is demonstrated by its negative regulation of tumor suppressor p53 and the substrate proteins involved in DNA repair, cell cycle control, and apoptosis pathways. Thus, inhibition of MDM2 activity has been pursued as an attractive direction for the development of anti-cancer therapeutics. Virtual screening was performed using the crystal structure of the MDM2-MDMX RING domain dimer against a natural product library and identified a biflavonoid Hinokiflavone as a promising candidate compound targeting MDM2. Hinokiflavone was shown to bind the MDM2-MDMX RING domain and inhibit MDM2-mediated ubiquitination in vitro. Hinokiflavone treatment resulted in the downregulation of MDM2 and MDMX and induction of apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. Hinokiflavone demonstrated p53-dependent and -independent tumor-suppressive activity. This report provides biochemical and cellular evidence demonstrating the anti-cancer effects of Hinokiflavone through targeting the MDM2-MDMX RING domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria K. Ilic
- Department of Biology, York University, Room 327B Life Science Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (V.K.I.); (O.E.); (E.T.); (M.G.); (Y.W.)
| | - Olga Egorova
- Department of Biology, York University, Room 327B Life Science Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (V.K.I.); (O.E.); (E.T.); (M.G.); (Y.W.)
| | - Ernest Tsang
- Department of Biology, York University, Room 327B Life Science Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (V.K.I.); (O.E.); (E.T.); (M.G.); (Y.W.)
| | - Milena Gatto
- Department of Biology, York University, Room 327B Life Science Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (V.K.I.); (O.E.); (E.T.); (M.G.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yi Wen
- Department of Biology, York University, Room 327B Life Science Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (V.K.I.); (O.E.); (E.T.); (M.G.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yong Zhao
- Beijing Computing Center, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100094, China;
| | - Yi Sheng
- Department of Biology, York University, Room 327B Life Science Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (V.K.I.); (O.E.); (E.T.); (M.G.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: 1-416-7362100 (ext. 33521)
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152
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Wu M, Cui J, Hou H, Li Y, Liu S, Wan L, Zhang L, Huang W, Sun G, Liu J, Jin P, He S, Liu M. Novel MDM2 Inhibitor XR-2 Exerts Potent Anti-Tumor Efficacy and Overcomes Enzalutamide Resistance in Prostate Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:871259. [PMID: 35548335 PMCID: PMC9081362 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.871259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The inactivation of tumor-suppressor p53 plays an important role in second generation anti-androgens (SGAs) drug resistance and neuroendocrine differentiation in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The reactivation of p53 by blocking the MDM2–p53 interaction represents an attractive therapeutic remedy in cancers with wild-type or functional p53. Whether MDM2-p53 inhibitor could overcome SGAs drug resistance in CRPC is still needed further research. Here, we investigated the anti-tumor efficacy and mechanisms of a novel MDM2-p53 inhibitor XR-2 in CRPC. Methods: To investigate the functions and mechanisms of XR-2 in prostate cancer, in vitro and in vivo biofunctional assays were performed. Western blot and qRT-PCR assay were performed to detect the protein and mRNA expression levels of indicated genes. CCK8, colony formation, flow cytometry and senescence assays were performed for cell function identifications. RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were mainly used to identify the influence of XR-2 on prostate cancer cells transcriptome. Subcutaneous 22Rv1 derived xenografts mice model was used to investigate the in vivo anti-tumor activity of XR-2. In addition, the broad-spectrum anti-tumor activities in vivo of XR-2 were evaluated by different xenografts mice models. Results: XR-2 could directly bind to MDM2, potently reactivate the p53 pathway and thus induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in wild-type p53 CRPC cell lines. XR-2 also suppresses the AR pathway as p53 regulates AR transcription inhibition and MDM2 participates in AR degradation. As a result, XR-2 efficiently inhibited CRPC cell viability, showed a synergistic effect with enzalutamide and overcame enzalutamide resistance both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, results illustrated that XR-2 possesses broad-spectrum anti-tumor activities in vivo with favourable safety. Conclusion: MDM2-p53 inhibitor (XR-2) possesses potently prostate cancer progresses inhibition activity both in vitro and in vivo. XR-2 shows a synergistic effect with enzalutamide and overcomes enzalutamide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Center for Big Data Research in Health, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Cui
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Hou
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Shengjie Liu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wan
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Center for Big Data Research in Health, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Clinical Biobank, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Clinical Biobank, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Clinical Biobank, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gaoyuan Sun
- Clinical Biobank, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingchao Liu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Assessment of Clinical Drugs Risk and Individual Application (Beijing Hospital), Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Liu, ; Shunmin He, ; Pengfei Jin,
| | - Shunmin He
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Center for Big Data Research in Health, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Liu, ; Shunmin He, ; Pengfei Jin,
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Liu, ; Shunmin He, ; Pengfei Jin,
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153
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GATA3 and MDM2 are synthetic lethal in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers. Commun Biol 2022; 5:373. [PMID: 35440675 PMCID: PMC9018745 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03296-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic lethal interactions, where the simultaneous but not individual inactivation of two genes is lethal to the cell, have been successfully exploited to treat cancer. GATA3 is frequently mutated in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers and its deficiency defines a subset of patients with poor response to hormonal therapy and poor prognosis. However, GATA3 is not yet targetable. Here we show that GATA3 and MDM2 are synthetically lethal in ER-positive breast cancer. Depletion and pharmacological inhibition of MDM2 significantly impaired tumor growth in GATA3-deficient models in vitro, in vivo and in patient-derived organoids/xenograft (PDOs/PDX) harboring GATA3 somatic mutations. The synthetic lethality requires p53 and acts via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Our results present MDM2 as a therapeutic target in the substantial cohort of ER-positive, GATA3-mutant breast cancer patients. With MDM2 inhibitors widely available, our findings can be rapidly translated into clinical trials to evaluate in-patient efficacy.
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154
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Zhang S, Yan Z, Li Y, Gong Y, Lyu X, Lou J, Zhang D, Meng X, Zhao Y. Structure-Based Discovery of MDM2/4 Dual Inhibitors that Exert Antitumor Activities against MDM4-Overexpressing Cancer Cells. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6207-6230. [PMID: 35420431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent clinical progress in peptide-based dual inhibitors of MDM2/4, small-molecule ones with robust antitumor activities remain challenging. To tackle this issue, 31 (YL93) was structure-based designed and synthesized, which had MDM2/4 binding Ki values of 1.1 and 642 nM, respectively. In three MDM4-overexpressing cancer cell lines harboring wild-type p53, 31 shows improved cell growth inhibition activities compared to RG7388, an MDM2-selective inhibitor in late-stage clinical trials. Mechanistic studies show that 31 increased cellular protein levels of p53 and p21 and upregulated the expression of p53-targeted genes in RKO cells with MDM4 amplification. In addition, 31 induced cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in western blot and flow cytometry assays. Taken together, dual inhibition of MDM2/4 by 31 elicited stronger antitumor activities in vitro compared to selective MDM2 inhibitors in wild-type p53 and MDM4-overexpressing cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ziqin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yafang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xilin Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianfeng Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daizhou Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Xiangjing Meng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Yujun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
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155
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Chen B, Zhao H, Li M, She Q, Liu W, Zhang J, Zhao W, Huang S, Wu J. SHANK1 facilitates non-small cell lung cancer processes through modulating the ubiquitination of Klotho by interacting with MDM2. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:403. [PMID: 35468874 PMCID: PMC9039064 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04860-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 1 (SHANK1) is a scaffold protein, plays an important role in the normal function of neuron system. It has recently been shown to be a potential oncogene. In the present study, we report that the expression of SHANK1 is upregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and is correlated with clinic pathological characteristics of NSCLC. Moreover, SHANK1 overexpression enhances the proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. Mouse cell-derived xenograft model also confirmed the effects of SHANK1 on tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, we found that SHANK1 increases the protein degradation of Klotho (KL), an important tumor suppressor, through ubiquitination-dependent pathway. In particular, we report discovery of KL as a SHANK1-interacting protein that acts as a new substate of the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2. SHANK1 can form a complex with KL and MDM2 and enhance the interaction between KL and MDM2. Our findings reveal an important oncogenic role and mechanism of SHANK1, suggesting SHANK1 can be a potential therapeutic target in NSCLC.
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156
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[Research Advances of EGFR-TP53 Co-mutation in Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2022; 25:174-182. [PMID: 35340160 PMCID: PMC8976205 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2022.101.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development and wide application of next generation sequencing (NGS) technology, a series of researches have revealed that concurrent genetic alterations play an important role in the response and resistance of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant NSCLC to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). Besides, TP53 mutation is the most common co-mutation gene in EGFR-mutant NSCLC, which has been proved to confer a worse prognosis in EGFR-mutated patients treated with first, second and third generation of EGFR-TKIs. Currently, it is still being explored how to select the best treatment strategies for patients with concomitant presence of TP53 mutation in EGFR-mutant NSCLC. Here, we review the literature on recent research progress of TP53 concurrent mutation in EGFR-mutant advanced NSCLC.
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157
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Li M, Zhong X, Du F, Wu X, Li M, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Shen J, Yang Z, Xiao Z. Current Understanding and Future Perspectives on Hyperprogressive Disease Highlight the Tumor Microenvironment. J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 62:1059-1078. [PMID: 35303368 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized traditional cancer therapy. Although many patients have achieved long-term survival benefits from immune checkpoint inhibitors treatment, there are still some patients who develop rapid tumor progression after immunotherapy, known as hyperprogressive disease. Here we summarize current knowledge on hyperprogressive disease after immune checkpoint inhibitors treatment to promote more thorough understanding of the disease. This review focuses on multiple aspects of hyperprogressive disease, especially the tumor microenvironment, with the hope that more reliable biomarkers and therapeutics could be established for hyperprogressive disease in the future. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China
| | - Xianmei Zhong
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China
| | - Zhongming Yang
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China
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158
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Jiang H, Yan B, Meng Z, Zhang L, Lei H, Luo J. The MDM2 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism T309G Is Associated With the Development of Epimacular Membranes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:841660. [PMID: 35359434 PMCID: PMC8963840 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.841660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the role of the mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) gene single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) T309G in the development of epimacular membranes (EMMs) by analyzing the genotype distribution and consistency of the polymorphism in paired membrane-blood samples. Methods: This was a cross–sectional genetic association study of patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) or EMMs. PVR membranes (PVRMs), internal limiting membranes (ILMs) (PVR-ILMs) and blood samples (PVR-blood) from patients with PVR, and EMMs, EMM-ILMs and EMM-blood from patients with EMMs were collected. The genotype of all samples was determined by Sanger sequencing. Sex composition, mean age, the genotype distribution of MDM2 T309G, the allelic frequency of the MDM2 SNP309 G allele (% G) and the somatic mutation rate at the MDM2 T309G locus (% M) were analyzed and compared. The PVR and healthy Chinese donor groups were used as controls for different comparisons. Results: The EMM group of 62 patients was older than the PVR group of 61 patients by an average of 8.87 years (p < 0.0001), but the two groups were statistically similar in the sex composition (p = 0.1754). Importantly, G allele carriers were at a higher risk of developing EMMs than non-G allele carriers (p = 0.0479; OR = 2.047). Moreover, EMM-blood exhibited a significantly higher % G than blood samples from healthy Chinese donors (EMM-blood: 56.78%, donors: 45.61%; p = 0.0256; OR = 1.567). Regarding membrane-blood consistency, % M was significantly different between PVRMs and EMMs (PVRMs: 2.63%, EMMs: 21.57%; p = 0.0097; OR = 10.18) but not between different types of ILMs (PVR-ILMs: 18.18%, EMM-ILMs: 29.17%; p = 0.6855). Furthermore, EMMs (p = 0.0053; OR = 8.250) and EMM-ILMs (p = 0.0233; OR = 14.40) from patients with preoperative macular holes were more predisposed toward somatic mutations at the MDM2 T309G locus than those from patients without preoperative macular holes. Conclusions:MDM2 T309G is associated with the development of EMMs. Herein, the MDM2 SNP309 G allele is first reported as an associated factor of EMMs in a Chinese population. In addition, EMMs and ILMs are genetically unstable at the MDM2 T309G locus, especially when complicated with preoperative macular holes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhishang Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lusi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hetian Lei
- Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Hetian Lei, , Jing Luo,
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Hetian Lei, , Jing Luo,
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159
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Klimovich B, Meyer L, Merle N, Neumann M, König AM, Ananikidis N, Keber CU, Elmshäuser S, Timofeev O, Stiewe T. Partial p53 reactivation is sufficient to induce cancer regression. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:80. [PMID: 35232479 PMCID: PMC8889716 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Impaired p53 function is one of the central molecular features of a tumor cell and even a partial reduction in p53 activity can increase the cancer risk in mice and men. From a therapeutic perspective it is noteworthy that tumor cells often become addicted to the absence of p53 providing a rationale for developing p53 reactivating compounds to treat cancer patients. Unfortunately, many of the compounds that are currently undergoing preclinical and clinical testing fail to fully reactivate mutant p53 proteins, raising the crucial question: how much p53 activity is needed to elicit a therapeutic effect? Methods We have genetically modelled partial p53 reactivation using knock-in mice with inducible expression of the p53 variant E177R. This variant has a reduced ability to bind and transactivate target genes and consequently causes moderate cancer susceptibility. We have generated different syngeneically transplanted and autochthonous mouse models of p53-deficient acute myeloid leukemia and B or T cell lymphoma. After cancer manifestation we have activated E177R expression and analyzed the in vivo therapy response by bioluminescence or magnetic resonance imaging. The molecular response was further characterized in vitro by assays for gene expression, proliferation, senescence, differentiation, apoptosis and clonogenic growth. Results We report the conceptually intriguing observation that the p53 variant E177R, which promotes de novo leukemia and lymphoma formation, inhibits proliferation and viability, induces immune cell infiltration and triggers cancer regression in vivo when introduced into p53-deficient leukemia and lymphomas. p53-deficient cancer cells proved to be so addicted to the absence of p53 that even the low-level activity of E177R is detrimental to cancer growth. Conclusions The observation that a partial loss-of-function p53 variant promotes tumorigenesis in one setting and induces regression in another, underlines the highly context-specific effects of individual p53 mutants. It further highlights the exquisite sensitivity of cancer cells to even small changes in p53 activity and reveals that changes in activity level are more important than the absolute level. As such, the study encourages ongoing research efforts into mutant p53 reactivating drugs by providing genetic proof-of-principle evidence that incomplete p53 reactivation may suffice to elicit a therapeutic response. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02269-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Klimovich
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Laura Meyer
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nastasja Merle
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michelle Neumann
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexander M König
- Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Core Facility 7T-small animal MRI, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Ananikidis
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Corinna U Keber
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Elmshäuser
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Oleg Timofeev
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany. .,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany. .,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany. .,Genomics Core Facility, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.
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160
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Feng X, Guo J, An G, Wu Y, Liu Z, Meng B, He N, Zhao X, Chen S, Zhu Y, Xia J, Li X, Yu Z, Li R, Ren G, Chen J, Wu M, He Y, Qiu L, Zhou J, Zhou W. Genetic Aberrations and Interaction of NEK2 and TP53 Accelerate Aggressiveness of Multiple Myeloma. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104491. [PMID: 35088582 PMCID: PMC8948659 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
It has been previously shown that (never in mitosis gene A)-related kinase 2 (NEK2) is upregulated in multiple myeloma (MM) and contributes to drug resistance. However, the mechanisms behind this upregulation remain poorly understood. In this study, it is found that amplification of NEK2 and hypermethylation of distal CpG islands in its promoter correlate strongly with increased NEK2 expression. Patients with NEK2 amplification have a poor rate of survival and often exhibit TP53 deletion, which is an independent prognostic factor in MM. This combination of TP53 knockout and NEK2 overexpression induces asymmetric mitosis, proliferation, drug resistance, and tumorigenic behaviors in MM in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, delivery of wild type p53 and suppression of NEK2 in TP53-/- MM cell lines inhibit tumor formation and enhance the effect of Bortezomib against MM. It is also discovered that inactivating p53 elevates NEK2 expression genetically by inducing NEK2 amplification, transcriptionally by increased activity of cell cycle-related genes like E2F8 and epigenetically by upregulating DNA methyltransferases. Dual defects of TP53 and NEK2 may define patients with the poorest outcomes in MM with p53 inactivation, and NEK2 may serve as a novel therapeutic target in aggressive MM with p53 abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of CarcinogenesisNational Health and Family Planning Commission; Department of HematologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410028China
- Cancer Research InstituteSchool of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South University110 # Xiangya streetChangshaHunan410028China
- Xiang Ya School of Public HealthCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410028China
| | - Jiaojiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of CarcinogenesisNational Health and Family Planning Commission; Department of HematologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410028China
- Cancer Research InstituteSchool of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South University110 # Xiangya streetChangshaHunan410028China
| | - Gang An
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyInstitute of Hematology & Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300041China
| | - Yangbowen Wu
- Xiang Ya School of Public HealthCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410028China
| | - Zhenhao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of CarcinogenesisNational Health and Family Planning Commission; Department of HematologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410028China
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation TechnologyShanghai201203China
| | - Bin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of CarcinogenesisNational Health and Family Planning Commission; Department of HematologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410028China
- Cancer Research InstituteSchool of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South University110 # Xiangya streetChangshaHunan410028China
| | - Nihan He
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of CarcinogenesisNational Health and Family Planning Commission; Department of HematologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410028China
| | - Xinying Zhao
- Xiang Ya School of Public HealthCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410028China
| | - Shilian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of CarcinogenesisNational Health and Family Planning Commission; Department of HematologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410028China
| | - Yinghong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of CarcinogenesisNational Health and Family Planning Commission; Department of HematologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410028China
- Cancer Research InstituteSchool of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South University110 # Xiangya streetChangshaHunan410028China
| | - Jiliang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of CarcinogenesisNational Health and Family Planning Commission; Department of HematologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410028China
- Cancer Research InstituteSchool of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South University110 # Xiangya streetChangshaHunan410028China
| | - Xin Li
- The third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunan410013China
| | - Zhiyong Yu
- Department of PathologyChangsha eighth hospitalChangshaHunan410199China
| | - Ruixuan Li
- The third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunan410013China
| | - Guofeng Ren
- Xiang Ya School of Public HealthCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410028China
| | - Jihua Chen
- Xiang Ya School of Public HealthCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410028China
| | - Minghua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of CarcinogenesisNational Health and Family Planning Commission; Department of HematologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410028China
- Cancer Research InstituteSchool of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South University110 # Xiangya streetChangshaHunan410028China
| | - Yanjuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of CarcinogenesisNational Health and Family Planning Commission; Department of HematologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410028China
| | - Lugui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyInstitute of Hematology & Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300041China
| | - Jiaxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyInstitute of Hematology & Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300041China
| | - Wen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of CarcinogenesisNational Health and Family Planning Commission; Department of HematologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410028China
- Cancer Research InstituteSchool of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South University110 # Xiangya streetChangshaHunan410028China
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161
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Cheng X, Chen R, Zhou T, Zhang B, Li Z, Gao M, Huang Y, Liu H, Su Z. Leveraging the multivalent p53 peptide-MdmX interaction to guide the improvement of small molecule inhibitors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1087. [PMID: 35228542 PMCID: PMC8885691 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28721-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpressed Mdm2 and its 7homolog MdmX impair p53 activity in many cancers. Small molecules mimicking a p53 peptide can effectively inhibit Mdm2 but not MdmX. Here, we show a strategy for improving lead compounds for Mdm2 and MdmX inhibition based on the multivalency of the p53 peptide. Crystal structures of MdmX complexed with nutlin-3a, a strong Mdm2 inhibitor but a weak one for MdmX, reveal that nutlin-3a fits into the ligand binding pocket of MdmX mimicking the p53 peptide. However, due to distinct flexibility around the MdmX ligand binding pocket, the structures are missing many important intermolecular interactions that exist in the MdmX/p53 peptide and Mdm2/nultin-3a complexes. By targeting these flexible regions, we identify allosteric and additive fragments that enhance the binding affinity of nutlin-3a for MdmX, leading to potent Mdm2/MdmX inhibitors with anticancer activity. Our work provides a practical approach to drug design for signal transduction therapy. Peptide fragments derived from the interfaces of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) provide useful templates for designing small molecule PPI inhibitors. Here, the authors utilize the multivalency of an MdmX-binding p53 peptide to develop a weak inhibitor of MdmX into potent Mdm2/MdmX inhibitors.
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162
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The circular RNA hsa_circ_0001394 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by targeting the miR-527/UBE2A axis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:81. [PMID: 35210429 PMCID: PMC8873434 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00866-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been recognized as significant participants in the progression of different cancers; however, the detailed mechanisms of circRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. In this study, hsa_circ_0001394 was identified by RNA-seq analysis, and hsa_circ_0001394 was determined to be highly expressed in HCC specimens and cell lines. Patients with high expression of hsa_circ_0001394 tended to exhibit poor survival. Increased hsa_circ_0001394 expression in plasma was closely correlated with clinicopathological features including elevated vascular invasion and an advanced TNM stage, as indicated by alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) analysis. Hsa_circ_0001394 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells, whereas knockdown of hsa_circ_0001394 inhibited HCC tumorigenesis in vivo. In addition, mechanistic studies showed that miR-527 negatively interacted with hsa_circ_0001394. Furthermore, UBE2A was revealed to serve as a target of miR-527. Overall, the present study suggested that hsa_circ_0001394 may function as a sponge to promote HCC progression by regulating the miR-527/UBE2A pathway. Thus, hsa_circ_0001394 may become a promising biomarker and potential therapeutic target in HCC treatment.
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163
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Feng S, Huang Q, Deng J, Jia W, Gong J, Xie D, Shen J, Liu L. DAB2IP suppresses tumor malignancy by inhibiting GRP75-driven p53 ubiquitination in colon cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 532:215588. [PMID: 35150809 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown that DAB2IP acts as a tumor suppressor and plays an inhibitory role in many signals associated with tumorigenesis. However, the underlying mechanism of this function remains unclear. Our study shows that DAB2IP was positively associated with a good prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer and wild-type p53 expression. An in vitro assay showed that DAB2IP elicited potent tumor-suppressive effects by inhibiting cell invasiveness and colony formation and promoting cell apoptosis in wild-type p53 colon cancer cells. In addition, DAB2IP improved the stability of wild-type p53 by inhibiting its degradation in a ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent manner. Using mass spectrometry profiling, we revealed that DAB2IP and p53 interacted with the ubiquitin ligase-related protein GRP75. Mechanistically, DAB2IP is competitively bound to GRP75, thus reducing GRP75-driven p53 ubiquitination and degradation. Moreover, the Ras-GAP domain was required for the DAB2IP-GRP75 interaction and DAB2IP-mediated p53 ubiquitination. Finally, animal experiments revealed that DAB2IP inhibited tumor progression in vivo. In conclusion, our study presents a novel function of DAB2IP in GRP75-driven wild-type p53 degradation, providing new insight into DAB2IP-induced tumor suppression and a novel molecular interpretation of the p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China; Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Qingwen Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China; Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Jiao Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China; Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Weiyi Jia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China; Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Jianping Gong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China; Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Daxing Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China; Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China; Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China.
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China; Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China.
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164
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Zhang J, Yu G, Yang Y, Wang Y, Guo M, Yin Q, Yan C, Tian J, Fu F, Wang H. A small-molecule inhibitor of MDMX suppresses cervical cancer cells via the inhibition of E6-E6AP-p53 axis. Pharmacol Res 2022; 177:106128. [PMID: 35150860 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction of p53 is observed in many malignant tumors, which is related to cancer susceptibility. In cervical cancer, p53 is primarily degradated through the complex of high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) oncoprotein E6 and E6-associated protein (E6AP) ubiquitin ligase. What is less clear is the mechanism and role of murine double minute X (MDMX) in cervical carcinogenesis due to the inactive status of murine double minute 2 (MDM2). In the current study, XI-011 (NSC146109), a small-molecule inhibitor of MDMX, showed robust anti-proliferation activity against several cervical cancer cell lines. XI-011 promoted apoptosis of cervical cancer cells via stabilizing p53 and activating its transcription activity. Moreover, XI-011 inhibited the growth of xenograft tumor in HeLa tumor-bearing mice, as well as enhanced the cytotoxic activity of cisplatin both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, MDMX co-locolized with E6AP and seems to be a novel binding partner of E6AP to promote p53 ubiquitination. In conclusion, this work revealed a novel mechanism of ubiquitin-dependent p53 degredation via MDMX-E6AP axis in cervical carcinogenesis, and offered the first evidence that MDMX could be a viable drug target for the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zhang
- Key laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evalution (Yantai University), Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai university, Yantai, China
| | - Guohua Yu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Medical College of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Yanting Yang
- Key laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evalution (Yantai University), Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai university, Yantai, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Key laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evalution (Yantai University), Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai university, Yantai, China
| | - Mengqi Guo
- Key laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evalution (Yantai University), Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai university, Yantai, China
| | - Qikun Yin
- Key laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evalution (Yantai University), Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai university, Yantai, China; Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, China
| | - Chunhong Yan
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jingwei Tian
- Key laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evalution (Yantai University), Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai university, Yantai, China
| | - Fenghua Fu
- Key laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evalution (Yantai University), Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai university, Yantai, China.
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Key laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evalution (Yantai University), Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai university, Yantai, China.
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165
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Abstract
p53, the guardian of the genome, is a short-lived protein that is tightly controlled at low levels by constant ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation in higher organisms. p53 stabilization and activation are early crucial events to cope with external stimuli in cells. However, the role of p53 ubiquitination and its relevant molecular mechanisms have not been addressed in invertebrates. In this study, our findings revealed that both HUWE1 (HECT, UBA, and WWE domain-containing E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase 1) and TRAF6 (tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6) could serve as E3 ubiquitin ligases for p53 in mud crabs (Scylla paramamosain). Moreover, the expression of HUWE1 and TRAF6 was significantly downregulated during white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection, and therefore the ubiquitination of p53 was interrupted, leading to the activation of apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signals through p53 accumulation, which eventually suppressed viral invasion in the mud crabs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to reveal the p53 ubiquitination simultaneously induced by two E3 ligases in arthropods, which provides a novel molecular mechanism of invertebrates for resistance to viral infection. IMPORTANCE p53, which is a well-known tumor suppressor that has been widely studied in higher animals, has been reported to be tightly controlled at low levels by ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation. However, recent p53 ubiquitination-relevant research mainly involved an individual E3 ubiquitin ligase, but not whether there exist other mechanisms that need to be explored. The results of this study show that HUWE1 and TRAF6 could serve as p53 E3 ubiquitin ligases and synchronously mediate p53 ubiquitination in mud crabs (Scylla paramamosain), which confirmed the diversity of the p53 ubiquitination regulatory pathway. In addition, the effects of p53 ubiquitination are mainly focused on tumorigenesis, but a few are focused on the host immune defense in invertebrates. Our findings reveal that p53 ubiquitination could affect ROS and apoptosis signals to cope with WSSV infection in mud crabs, which is the first clarification of the immunologic functions and mechanisms of p53 ubiquitination in invertebrates.
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166
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USP49-mediated histone H2B deubiquitination regulates HCT116 cell proliferation through MDM2-p53 axis. Mol Cell Biol 2022; 42:e0043421. [PMID: 35072515 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00434-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational histone modifications play important roles in regulating chromatin structure and transcriptional regulation. Histone H2B monoubiquitination (H2Bub) is an essential regulator for transcriptional elongation and ongoing transcription. Here we reported that USP49, as a histone H2B deubiquitinase, is involved in HCT116 cell proliferation through modulating MDM2-p53 pathway genes. USP49 knockout contributes to increased HCT116 cell proliferation and migration. Importantly, USP49 knockout stimulated MDM2 transcriptional level and then inhibited the mRNA levels of TP53 target genes. Conversely, overexpression of USP49 suppressed MDM2 gene expression and then promoted TP53 target genes. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that USP49 directly bound to the promoter of MDM2 gene. USP49 knockout increased the H2Bub enrichment at MDM2 gene whereas USP49 overexpression downregulated the H2Bub level at MDM2 gene. Therefore, our findings indicated that USP49-mediated H2B deubiquitination controls the transcription of MDM2-p53 axis genes in the process of HCT116 cell proliferation.
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167
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Pairawan S, Akcakanat A, Kopetz S, Tapia C, Zheng X, Chen H, Ha MJ, Rizvi Y, Holla V, Wang J, Evans KW, Zhao M, Busaidy N, Fang B, Roth JA, Dumbrava EI, Meric-Bernstam F. Combined MEK/MDM2 inhibition demonstrates antitumor efficacy in TP53 wild-type thyroid and colorectal cancers with MAPK alterations. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1248. [PMID: 35075200 PMCID: PMC8786858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05193-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Most tumors with activating MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway alterations respond poorly to MEK inhibitors alone. Here, we evaluated combination therapy with MEK inhibitor selumetinib and MDM2 inhibitor KRT-232 in TP53 wild-type and MAPK altered colon and thyroid cancer models. In vitro, we showed synergy between selumetinib and KRT-232 on cell proliferation and colony formation assays. Immunoblotting confirmed p53 upregulation and MEK pathway inhibition. The combination was tested in vivo in seven patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models (five colorectal carcinoma and two papillary thyroid carcinoma models) with different KRAS, BRAF, and NRAS mutations. Combination therapy significantly prolonged event-free survival compared with monotherapy in six of seven models tested. Reverse-phase protein arrays and immunohistochemistry, respectively, demonstrated upregulation of the p53 pathway and in two models cleaved caspase 3 with combination therapy. In summary, combined inhibition of MEK and MDM2 upregulated p53 expression, inhibited MAPK signaling and demonstrated greater antitumor efficacy than single drug therapy in both in vitro and in vivo settings. These findings support further clinical testing of the MEK/MDM2 inhibitor combination in tumors of epithelial origin with MAPK pathway alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Pairawan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Argun Akcakanat
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Coya Tapia
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Epizyme Inc., Boston, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Huiqin Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Min Jin Ha
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yasmeen Rizvi
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Vijaykumar Holla
- Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kurt W Evans
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Naifa Busaidy
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bingliang Fang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jack A Roth
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ecaterina Ileana Dumbrava
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Holcombe Blvd, FC8.3044, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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168
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The roles of mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) oncoprotein in ocular diseases: A review. Exp Eye Res 2022; 217:108910. [PMID: 34998788 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mouse double minute 2 (MDM2), an E3 ubiquitin ligase and the primary negative regulator of the tumor suppressor p53, cooperates with its structural homolog MDM4/MDMX to control intracellular p53 level. In turn, overexpression of p53 upregulates and forms an autoregulatory feedback loop with MDM2. The MDM2-p53 axis plays a pivotal role in modulating cell cycle control and apoptosis. MDM2 itself is regulated by the PI3K-AKT and RB-E2F-ARF pathways. While amplification of the MDM2 gene or overexpression of MDM2 (due to MDM2 SNP T309G, for instance) is associated with various malignancies, numerous studies have shown that MDM2/p53 alterations may also play a part in the pathogenetic process of certain ocular disorders (Fig. 1). These include cancers (retinoblastoma, uveal melanoma), fibrocellular proliferative diseases (proliferative vitreoretinopathy, pterygium), neovascular diseases, degenerative diseases (cataract, primary open-angle glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration) and infectious/inflammatory diseases (trachoma, uveitis). In addition, MDM2 is implicated in retinogenesis and regeneration after optic nerve injury. Anti-MDM2 therapy has shown potential as a novel approach to treating these diseases. Despite major safety concerns, there are high expectations for the clinical value of reformative MDM2 inhibitors. This review summarizes important findings about the role of MDM2 in ocular pathologies and provides an overview of recent advances in treating these diseases with anti-MDM2 therapies.
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Singh M, Jindal D, Agarwal V, Pathak D, Sharma M, Pancham P, Mani S, Rachana. New phase therapeutic pursuits for targeted drug delivery in glioblastoma multiforme. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:866-888. [PMID: 36654821 PMCID: PMC9834280 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is known as the most aggressive and prevalent brain tumor with a high mortality rate. It is reported in people who are as young as 10 years old to as old as over 70 years old, exhibiting inter and intra tumor heterogeneity. There are several genomic and proteomic investigations that have been performed to find the unexplored potential targets of the drug against GBM. Therefore, certain effective targets have been taken to further validate the studies embarking on the robustness in the field of medicinal chemistry followed by testing in clinical trials. Also, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project has identified certain overexpressed targets involved in the pathogenesis of GBM in three major pathways, i.e., tumor protein 53 (p53), retinoblastoma (RB), and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/rat sarcoma virus (Ras)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways. This review focuses on the compilation of recent developments in the fight against GBM thus, directing future research into the elucidation of pathogenesis and potential cure for GBM. Also, it highlights the potential biomarkers that have undergone extensive research and have promising prognostic and predictive values. Additionally, this manuscript analyses the advent of gene therapy and immunotherapy, unlocking the way to consider treatment approaches other than, or in addition to, conventional chemo-radiation therapies. This review study encompasses all the relevant research studies associated with the pathophysiology, occurrence, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic intervention for GBM. It highlights the evolution of various therapeutic perspectives against GBM from the most conventional form of radiotherapy to the recent advancement of gene/cell/immune therapy. Further, the review focuses on various targeted therapies for GBM including chemotherapy sensitization, radiotherapy, nanoparticles based, immunotherapy, cell therapy, and gene therapy which would offer a comprehensive account for exploring several facets related to GBM prognostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida 201301, India,Correspondence: Manisha Singh, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida 201301, India.
| | - Divya Jindal
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida 201301, India
| | - Vinayak Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida 201301, India
| | - Deepanshi Pathak
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida 201301, India
| | - Mansi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida 201301, India
| | - Pranav Pancham
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida 201301, India
| | - Shalini Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida 201301, India
| | - Rachana
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida 201301, India
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170
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Rogers LJ. Management of Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Vulva. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010167. [PMID: 35008331 PMCID: PMC8750777 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Vulvar cancer is a rare gynaecological malignancy that has an increasing incidence, particularly in younger women. Early vulvar cancer can be treated and cured with surgical excision. Approximately 30% of women present with advanced disease, which requires treatment either with mutilating surgery or a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which is an effective treatment but has many side effects. Current research is focused on new less morbid approaches to treatment, in which drugs that target various steps on the biological pathway from pre-cancer to cancer are used, with the aim of preventing the growth of vulvar cancers. This review is an update of the current management of women with advanced vulvar cancer. Abstract Vulvar cancer is a rare gynaecological malignancy, accounting for 2–5% of cancers of the female genital tract. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequently occurring subtype and, historically, has been a disease of older post-menopausal women, occurring with a background of lichen sclerosus and other epithelial conditions of the vulvar skin that may be associated with well-differentiated vulvar intra-epithelial neoplasia (dVIN). An increase in human papillomavirus (HPV) infections worldwide has led to an increase in vulvar squamous carcinomas in younger women, resulting from HPV-associated high-grade vulvar squamous intra-epithelial lesions (vHSIL). Surgical resection is the gold standard for the treatment of vulvar cancer. However, as approximately 30% of patients present with locally advanced disease, which is either irresectable or will require radical surgical resection, possibly with a stoma, there has been a need to investigate alternative forms of treatment such as chemoradiation and targeted therapies, which may minimise the psychosexual morbidity of radical surgery. This review aims to provide an update on management strategies for women with advanced vulvar cancer. It is hoped that investigation of the molecular biologies of the two different pathways to vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (HPV-associated and non-HPV-associated) will lead to the development of targeted therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J. Rogers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Groote Schuur Hospital, The University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
- SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
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171
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MDM2-Driven Ubiquitination Rapidly Removes p53 from Its Cognate Promoters. Biomolecules 2021; 12:biom12010022. [PMID: 35053170 PMCID: PMC8773640 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MDM2 is the principal antagonist of the tumor suppressor p53. p53 binds to its cognate DNA element within promoters and activates the transcription of adjacent genes. These target genes include MDM2. Upon induction by p53, the MDM2 protein binds and ubiquitinates p53, triggering its proteasomal degradation and providing negative feedback. This raises the question whether MDM2 can also remove p53 from its target promoters, and whether this also involves ubiquitination. In the present paper, we employ the MDM2-targeted small molecule Nutlin-3a (Nutlin) to disrupt the interaction of MDM2 and p53 in three different cancer cell lines: SJSA-1 (osteosarcoma), 93T449 (liposarcoma; both carrying amplified MDM2), and MCF7 (breast adenocarcinoma). Remarkably, removing Nutlin from the culture medium for less than five minutes not only triggered p53 ubiquitination, but also dissociated most p53 from its chromatin binding sites, as revealed by chromatin immunoprecipitation. This also resulted in reduced p53-responsive transcription, and it occurred much earlier than the degradation of p53 by the proteasome, arguing that MDM2 removes p53 from promoters prior to and thus independent of degradation. Accordingly, the short-term pharmacological inhibition of the proteasome did not alter the removal of p53 from promoters by Nutlin washout. However, when the proteasome inhibitor was applied for several hours, depleting non-conjugated ubiquitin prior to eliminating Nutlin, this compromised the removal of DNA-bound p53, as did an E1 ubiquitin ligase inhibitor. This suggests that the ubiquitination of p53 by MDM2 is necessary for its clearance from promoters. Depleting the MDM2 cofactor MDM4 in SJSA cells did not alter the velocity by that p53 was removed from promoters upon Nutlin washout. We conclude that MDM2 antagonizes p53 not only by covering its transactivation domain and by destabilization, but also by the rapid, ubiquitin-dependent termination of p53–chromatin interactions.
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172
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Hernández-Suárez B, Gillespie DA, Pawlak A. DNA Damage Response (DDR) proteins in canine cancer as potential research targets in comparative oncology. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 20:347-361. [PMID: 34923737 PMCID: PMC9304296 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) is a complex signal transduction network that is activated when endogenous or exogenous genotoxins damage or interfere with the replication of genomic DNA. Under such conditions, the DDR promotes DNA repair and ensures accurate replication and division of the genome. High levels of genomic instability are frequently observed in cancers and can stem from germline loss‐of‐function mutations in certain DDR genes, such as BRCA1, BRCA2, and p53, that form the basis of human cancer predisposition syndromes. In addition, mutation and/or aberrant expression of multiple DDR genes are frequently observed in sporadic human cancers. As a result, the DDR is considered to represent a viable target for cancer therapy in humans and a variety of strategies are under investigation. Cancer is also a significant cause of mortality in dogs, a species that offers certain advantages for experimental oncology. Domestic dogs present numerous inbred lines, many of which display predisposition to specific forms of cancer and the study of which may provide insight into the biological basis of this susceptibility. In addition, clinical trials are possible in dogs and may lead to therapeutic insights that could ultimately be extended to humans. Here we review what is known specifically about the DDR in dogs and discuss how this knowledge could be extended and exploited to advance experimental oncology in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Hernández-Suárez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland
| | - David A Gillespie
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Campus Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38071, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Aleksandra Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland
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173
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Wang Y, Wang H, Hu L, Chen L. Leptin Gene Protects Against Cold Stress in Antarctic Toothfish. Front Physiol 2021; 12:740806. [PMID: 34975517 PMCID: PMC8715755 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.740806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a cytokine-like peptide, predominantly biosynthesized in adipose tissue, which plays an important role in regulating food intake, energy balance and reproduction in mammals. However, how it may have been modified to enable life in the chronic cold is unclear. Here, we identified a leptin-a gene (lepa) in the cold-adapted and neutrally buoyant Antarctic toothfish Dissostichus mawsoni that encodes a polypeptide carrying four α-helices and two cysteine residues forming in-chain disulfide bonds, structures shared by most vertebrate leptins. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed that mRNA levels of the leptin-a gene of D. mawsoni (DM-lepa) were highest in muscle, followed by kidney and liver; detection levels were low in the gill, brain, intestine, and ovary tissues. Compared with leptin-a genes of fishes living in warmer waters, DM-lepa underwent rapid evolution and was subjected to positive selection. Over-expression of DM-lepa in the zebrafish cell line ZFL resulted in signal accumulation in the cytoplasm and significantly increased cell proliferation both at the normal culture temperature and under cold treatment. DM-lepa over-expression also reduced apoptosis under low-temperature stress and activated the STAT3 signaling pathway, in turn upregulating the anti-apoptotic proteins bcl2l1, bcl2a, myca and mdm2 while downregulating the pro-apoptotic baxa, p53 and caspase-3. These results demonstrate that DM-lepa, through STAT3 signaling, plays a protective role in cold stress by preventing apoptotic damage. Our study reveals a new role of lepa in polar fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huamin Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linghong Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangbiao Chen
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Liangbiao Chen,
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Johnson RL, Cummings M, Thangavelu A, Theophilou G, de Jong D, Orsi NM. Barriers to Immunotherapy in Ovarian Cancer: Metabolic, Genomic, and Immune Perturbations in the Tumour Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6231. [PMID: 34944851 PMCID: PMC8699358 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A lack of explicit early clinical signs and effective screening measures mean that ovarian cancer (OC) often presents as advanced, incurable disease. While conventional treatment combines maximal cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy, patients frequently develop chemoresistance and disease recurrence. The clinical application of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) aims to restore anti-cancer T-cell function in the tumour microenvironment (TME). Disappointingly, even though tumour infiltrating lymphocytes are associated with superior survival in OC, ICB has offered limited therapeutic benefits. Herein, we discuss specific TME features that prevent ICB from reaching its full potential, focussing in particular on the challenges created by immune, genomic and metabolic alterations. We explore both recent and current therapeutic strategies aiming to overcome these hurdles, including the synergistic effect of combination treatments with immune-based strategies and review the status quo of current clinical trials aiming to maximise the success of immunotherapy in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Racheal Louise Johnson
- Department Gynaecological Oncology, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (A.T.); (G.T.); (D.d.J.)
| | - Michele Cummings
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (M.C.); (N.M.O.)
| | - Amudha Thangavelu
- Department Gynaecological Oncology, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (A.T.); (G.T.); (D.d.J.)
| | - Georgios Theophilou
- Department Gynaecological Oncology, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (A.T.); (G.T.); (D.d.J.)
| | - Diederick de Jong
- Department Gynaecological Oncology, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (A.T.); (G.T.); (D.d.J.)
| | - Nicolas Michel Orsi
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (M.C.); (N.M.O.)
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175
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Nagpal I, Yuan ZM. The Basally Expressed p53-Mediated Homeostatic Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:775312. [PMID: 34888311 PMCID: PMC8650216 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.775312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Apart from mutations in the p53 gene, p53 functions can be alternatively compromised by a decrease in nuclear p53 protein levels or activities. In accordance, enhanced p53 protein turnover due to elevated expression of the critical p53 E3 ligase MDM2 or MDM2/MDMX is found in many human cancers. Likewise, the HPV viral E6 protein-mediated p53 degradation critically contributes to the tumorigenesis of cervical cancer. In addition, growth-promoting signaling-induced cell proliferation is accompanied by p53 downregulation. Animal studies have also shown that loss of p53 is essential for oncogenes to drive malignant transformation. The close association between p53 downregulation and carcinogenesis implicates a critical role of basally expressed p53. In accordance, available evidence indicates that a reduced level of basal p53 is usually associated with disruption of homeostasis, suggesting a homeostatic function mediated by basal p53. However, basally expressed p53 under non-stress conditions is maintained at a relatively low abundance with little transcriptional activity, raising the question of how basal p53 could protect homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the findings pertinent to basal p53-mediated activities in the hope of developing a model in which basally expressed p53 functions as a barrier to anabolic metabolism to preserve homeostasis. Future investigation is necessary to characterize basal p53 functionally and to obtain an improved understanding of p53 homeostatic function, which would offer novel insight into the role of p53 in tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Nagpal
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zhi-Min Yuan
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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176
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Tremblay D, Hoffman R. Emerging drugs for the treatment of myelofibrosis: phase II & III clinical trials. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2021; 26:351-362. [PMID: 34875179 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2021.2015320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myelofibrosis is a clonal hematologic malignancy with clinical manifestations that include cytopenias, debilitating constitutional symptoms, splenomegaly, bone marrow fibrosis and a propensity toward leukemic progression. While allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can be curative, this therapy is not available for the majority of patients. Ruxolitinib and fedratinib are approved JAK2 inhibitors that have produced meaningful benefits in terms of spleen reduction and symptom improvement, but there remain several unmet needs. AREAS COVERED We discuss novel therapies based upon published data from phase II or III clinical trials. Specifically, we cover novel JAK inhibitors (momelotinib and pacritinib), and agents that target bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (pelabresib), the antiapoptotic proteins BCL-2/BCL-xL (navitoclax), MDM2 (navtemadlin), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (parsaclisib), or telomerase (imetelstat). EXPERT OPINION Patients with disease related cytopenias are ineligible for currently approved JAK2 inhibitors. However, momelotinib and pacritinib may be able to fill this void. Novel therapies are being evaluated in the upfront setting to improve the depth and duration of responses with ruxolitinib. Future evaluation of agents must be judged on their potential to modify disease progression, which current JAK2 inhibitors lack. Combination therapy, possibly with an immunotherapeutic agent might serve as key components of future myelofibrosis treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Tremblay
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA10029
| | - Ronald Hoffman
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA10029
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177
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Bizzarri AR, Cannistraro S. Direct Interaction of miRNA and circRNA with the Oncosuppressor p53: An Intriguing Perspective in Cancer Research. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236108. [PMID: 34885216 PMCID: PMC8657023 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary MicroRNAs and circular RNAs, which are single-stranded non-coding RNAs, play a key role as regulators at post-transcriptional level. Abnormal levels or dysregulation of miRNA or circRNA are linked to several cancerous pathologies. Starting from the evidence that some miRNAs and circRNAs are involved in the regulatory networks of the tumor suppressor protein p53, the possibility that a functional inhibition of p53 could arise from a direct interaction between p53 and oncogenic miRNAs or circRNAs was explored. Along this direction, the experimental evidence of the interaction between p53 and miRNAs and/or circRNAs is reviewed and discussed in connection with the development of new anticancer strategies. Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are linear single-stranded non-coding RNAs oligonucleotides, widely distributed in cells, playing a key role as regulators of gene expression at post-transcriptional level. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are single-stranded RNA oligonucleotides forming a covalently closed continuous loop, which confers them a high structural stability and which may code for proteins or act as gene regulators. Abnormal levels or dysregulation of miRNA or circRNA are linked to several cancerous pathologies, so that they are receiving a large attention as diagnostic and prognostic tools. Some miRNAs and circRNAs are strongly involved in the regulatory networks of the transcription factor p53, which plays a pivotal role as tumor suppressor. Overexpression of miRNAs and/or circRNAs, as registered in a number of cancers, is associated to a concomitant inhibition of the p53 onco-suppressive function. Among other mechanisms, it was recently suggested that a functional inhibition of p53 could arise from a direct interaction between p53 and oncogenic miRNAs or circRNAs; a mechanism that might be reminiscent of the p53 inhibition by some E3 ubiquitin ligase such as MDM2 and COP1. Such evidence might deserve important implications for restoring the p53 anticancer functionality, and pave the way to intriguing perspectives for novel therapeutic strategies. In the present paper, the experimental evidence of the interaction between p53 and miRNAs and/or circRNAs is reviewed and discussed in connection with the development of new anticancer approaches.
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178
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Li X, Dean DC, Ferreira A, Nelson SD, Hornicek FJ, Yu S, Duan Z. Establishment and Characterization of a Novel Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma Cell Line DDCS2. Cancer Control 2021; 28:10732748211045274. [PMID: 34767468 PMCID: PMC8645311 DOI: 10.1177/10732748211045274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The dedifferentiated variant of chondrosarcoma is highly aggressive and carries an especially grim prognosis. While chemotherapeutics has failed to benefit patients with dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma significantly, preclinical chemosensitivity studies have been limited by a scarcity of available cell lines. There is, therefore, an urgent need to expand the pool of available cell lines. Methods We report the establishment of a novel dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma cell line DDCS2, which we isolated from the primary tumor specimen of a 60-year-old male patient. We characterized its short tandem repeat (STR) DNA profile, growth potential, antigenic markers, chemosensitivity, and oncogenic spheroid and colony-forming capacity. Results DDCS2 showed a spindle to polygonal shape and an approximate 60-hour doubling time. STR DNA profiling revealed a unique genomic identity not matching any existing cancer cell lines within the ATCC, JCRB, or DSMZ databases. There was no detectable contamination with another cell type. Western blot and immunofluorescence assays were consistent with a mesenchymal origin, and our MTT assay revealed relative resistance to conventional chemotherapeutics, which is typical of a dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. Under ex vivo three-dimensional (3D) culture conditions, the DDCS2 cells produced spheroid patterns similar to the well-established CS-1 and SW1353 chondrosarcoma cell lines. Conclusion Our findings confirm DDCS2 is a novel model for dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma and therefore adds to the limited pool of current cell lines urgently needed to investigate the chemoresistance within this deadly cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, 71041Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Dylan C Dean
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Al Ferreira
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Shengji Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, 71041Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
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179
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Lan H, Sun Y. Tumor Suppressor FBXW7 and Its Regulation of DNA Damage Response and Repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:751574. [PMID: 34760892 PMCID: PMC8573206 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.751574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The proper DNA damage response (DDR) and repair are the central molecular mechanisms for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and genomic integrity. The abnormality in this process is frequently observed in human cancers, and is an important contributing factor to cancer development. FBXW7 is an F-box protein serving as the substrate recognition component of SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin ligase. By selectively targeting many oncoproteins for proteasome-mediated degradation, FBXW7 acts as a typical tumor suppressor. Recent studies have demonstrated that FBXW7 also plays critical roles in the process of DDR and repair. In this review, we first briefly introduce the processes of protein ubiquitylation by SCFFBXW7 and DDR/repair, then provide an overview of the molecular characteristics of FBXW7. We next discuss how FBXW7 regulates the process of DDR and repair, and its translational implication. Finally, we propose few future perspectives to further elucidate the role of FBXW7 in regulation of a variety of biological processes and tumorigenesis, and to design a number of approaches for FBXW7 reactivation in a subset of human cancers for potential anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyin Lan
- Department of Thoracic Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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180
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MDM2, MDMX, and p73 regulate cell-cycle progression in the absence of wild-type p53. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2102420118. [PMID: 34716260 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102420118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor protein, known to be critically important in several processes including cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis, is highly regulated by multiple mechanisms, most certifiably the Murine Double Minute 2-Murine Double Minute X (MDM2-MDMX) heterodimer. The role of MDM2-MDMX in cell-cycle regulation through inhibition of p53 has been well established. Here we report that in cells either lacking p53 or expressing certain tumor-derived mutant forms of p53, loss of endogenous MDM2 or MDMX, or inhibition of E3 ligase activity of the heterocomplex, causes cell-cycle arrest. This arrest is correlated with a reduction in E2F1, E2F3, and p73 levels. Remarkably, direct ablation of endogenous p73 produces a similar effect on the cell cycle and the expression of certain E2F family members at both protein and messenger RNA levels. These data suggest that MDM2 and MDMX, working at least in part as a heterocomplex, may play a p53-independent role in maintaining cell-cycle progression by promoting the activity of E2F family members as well as p73, making them a potential target of interest in cancers lacking wild-type p53.
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Li WF, Herkilini A, Tang Y, Huang P, Song GB, Miyagishi M, Kasim V, Wu SR. The transcription factor PBX3 promotes tumor cell growth through transcriptional suppression of the tumor suppressor p53. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1888-1899. [PMID: 33526870 PMCID: PMC8564524 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00599-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 3 (PBX3) is a member of the PBX family and contains a highly conserved homologous domain. PBX3 is involved in the progression of gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and prostate cancer; however, the detailed mechanism by which it promotes tumor growth remains to be elucidated. Here, we found that PBX3 silencing induces the expression of the cell cycle regulator p21, leading to an increase in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell apoptosis as well as suppression of proliferation and colony formation. Furthermore, we found that PBX3 is highly expressed in clinical CRC patients, in whom p21 expression is aberrantly low. We found that the regulation of p21 transcription by PBX3 occurs through the upstream regulator of p21, the tumor suppressor p53, as PBX3 binds to the p53 promoter and suppresses its transcriptional activity. Finally, we revealed that PBX3 regulates tumor growth through regulation of the p53/p21 axis. Taken together, our results not only describe a novel mechanism regarding PBX3-mediated regulation of tumor growth but also provide new insights into the regulatory mechanism of the tumor suppressor p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Arin Herkilini
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Guan-Bin Song
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Makoto Miyagishi
- Molecular Composite Medicine Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Vivi Kasim
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Shou-Rong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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Wang M, Attardi LD. A Balancing Act: p53 Activity from Tumor Suppression to Pathology and Therapeutic Implications. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2021; 17:205-226. [PMID: 34699262 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-042320-025840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
TP53, encoding the p53 transcription factor, is the most frequently mutated tumor suppressor gene across all human cancer types. While p53 has long been appreciated to induce antiproliferative cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and senescence programs in response to diverse stress signals, various studies in recent years have revealed additional important functions for p53 that likely also contribute to tumor suppression, including roles in regulating tumor metabolism, ferroptosis, signaling in the tumor microenvironment, and stem cell self-renewal/differentiation. Not only does p53 loss or mutation cause cancer, but hyperactive p53 also drives various pathologies, including developmental phenotypes, premature aging, neurodegeneration, and side effects of cancer therapies. These findings underscore the importance of balanced p53 activity and influence our thinking of how to best develop cancer therapies based on modulating the p53 pathway. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease, Volume 17 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA;
| | - Laura D Attardi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA; .,Department of Genetics and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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183
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Sokolov AV, Dostdar SA, Attwood MM, Krasilnikova AA, Ilina AA, Nabieva AS, Lisitsyna AA, Chubarev VN, Tarasov VV, Schiöth HB. Brain Cancer Drug Discovery: Clinical Trials, Drug Classes, Targets, and Combinatorial Therapies. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:1-32. [PMID: 34663683 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain cancer is a formidable challenge for drug development, and drugs derived from many cutting-edge technologies are being tested in clinical trials. We manually characterized 981 clinical trials on brain tumors that were registered in ClinicalTrials.gov from 2010 to 2020. We identified 582 unique therapeutic entities targeting 581 unique drug targets and 557 unique treatment combinations involving drugs. We performed the classification of both the drugs and drug targets based on pharmacological and structural classifications. Our analysis demonstrates a large diversity of agents and targets. Currently, we identified 32 different pharmacological directions for therapies that are based on 42 structural classes of agents. Our analysis shows that kinase inhibitors, chemotherapeutic agents, and cancer vaccines are the three most common classes of agents identified in trials. Agents in clinical trials demonstrated uneven distribution in combination approaches; chemotherapy agents, proteasome inhibitors, and immune modulators frequently appeared in combinations, whereas kinase inhibitors, modified immune effector cells did not as was shown by combination networks and descriptive statistics. This analysis provides an extensive overview of the drug discovery field in brain cancer, shifts that have been happening in recent years, and challenges that are likely to come. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review provides comprehensive quantitative analysis and discussion of the brain cancer drug discovery field, including classification of drug, targets, and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr V Sokolov
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.V.S., S.A.D., M.M.A., H.B.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy (A.V.S., S.A.D., A.A.K., A.A.I., A.S.N., A.A.L., V.N.C., V.V.T.) and Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology (V.V.T., H.B.S.), I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Samira A Dostdar
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.V.S., S.A.D., M.M.A., H.B.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy (A.V.S., S.A.D., A.A.K., A.A.I., A.S.N., A.A.L., V.N.C., V.V.T.) and Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology (V.V.T., H.B.S.), I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Misty M Attwood
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.V.S., S.A.D., M.M.A., H.B.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy (A.V.S., S.A.D., A.A.K., A.A.I., A.S.N., A.A.L., V.N.C., V.V.T.) and Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology (V.V.T., H.B.S.), I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra A Krasilnikova
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.V.S., S.A.D., M.M.A., H.B.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy (A.V.S., S.A.D., A.A.K., A.A.I., A.S.N., A.A.L., V.N.C., V.V.T.) and Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology (V.V.T., H.B.S.), I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Ilina
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.V.S., S.A.D., M.M.A., H.B.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy (A.V.S., S.A.D., A.A.K., A.A.I., A.S.N., A.A.L., V.N.C., V.V.T.) and Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology (V.V.T., H.B.S.), I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Amina Sh Nabieva
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.V.S., S.A.D., M.M.A., H.B.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy (A.V.S., S.A.D., A.A.K., A.A.I., A.S.N., A.A.L., V.N.C., V.V.T.) and Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology (V.V.T., H.B.S.), I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Lisitsyna
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.V.S., S.A.D., M.M.A., H.B.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy (A.V.S., S.A.D., A.A.K., A.A.I., A.S.N., A.A.L., V.N.C., V.V.T.) and Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology (V.V.T., H.B.S.), I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir N Chubarev
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.V.S., S.A.D., M.M.A., H.B.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy (A.V.S., S.A.D., A.A.K., A.A.I., A.S.N., A.A.L., V.N.C., V.V.T.) and Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology (V.V.T., H.B.S.), I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim V Tarasov
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.V.S., S.A.D., M.M.A., H.B.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy (A.V.S., S.A.D., A.A.K., A.A.I., A.S.N., A.A.L., V.N.C., V.V.T.) and Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology (V.V.T., H.B.S.), I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.V.S., S.A.D., M.M.A., H.B.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy (A.V.S., S.A.D., A.A.K., A.A.I., A.S.N., A.A.L., V.N.C., V.V.T.) and Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology (V.V.T., H.B.S.), I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Rong Z, Luo Z, Fu Z, Zhang P, Li T, Zhang J, Zhu Z, Yu Z, Li Q, Qiu Z, Huang C. The novel circSLC6A6/miR-1265/C2CD4A axis promotes colorectal cancer growth by suppressing p53 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:324. [PMID: 34656159 PMCID: PMC8520208 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Therefore, further researches are required to identify novel and more effective diagnoses and to identify molecular targets in treatment of CRC. Methods C2CD4A expression in CRC tissues and cell lines was detected by qRT-PCR and western blot. The biological functions of C2CD4A were performed both in vitro and in vivo. Western blot, cDNA array, IP-MS, Co-immunoprecipitation assay, and Ubiquitination assay were used to analyze the interaction between C2CD4A and p53. Bioinformatics analysis, FISH, RNA sequencing, luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA pull-down and rescue experiments, were deployed to detect upstream regulation mechanism of C2CD4A. Results C2CD4A was elevated in CRC tissues compared with adjacent normal colorectal tissues. C2CD4A knockdown significantly promoted cell apoptosis and with inhibited proliferation in vitro, and tumorigenicity in vivo, whereas C2CD4A overexpression led to opposite effects. Moreover, circSLC6A6 was upregulated and shown to positively regulate C2CD4A expression via sponging miR-1265. Fundamentally, C2CD4A inhibited p53 signaling pathway through interacting with p53 and increasing its ubiquitination and degradation. Conclusion Our results identified that circSLC6A6/miR-1265/C2CD4A axis, which was involved in CRC via the p53 signaling pathway, may serve as a therapeutic target for CRC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-02126-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyin Rong
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 100 Hai Ning Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Zai Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 100 Hai Ning Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Zhongmao Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 100 Hai Ning Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Pengshan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 100 Hai Ning Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Tengfei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 100 Hai Ning Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 100 Hai Ning Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Zhonglin Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 100 Hai Ning Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Zhilong Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 100 Hai Ning Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengjun Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 100 Hai Ning Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 100 Hai Ning Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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185
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The ion channel TRPM7 regulates zinc-depletion-induced MDMX degradation. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101292. [PMID: 34627839 PMCID: PMC8561006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc deficiency has been linked to human diseases, including cancer. MDMX, a crucial zinc-containing negative regulator of p53, has been found to be amplified or overexpressed in various cancers and implicated in the cancer initiation and progression. We report here that zinc depletion by the ion chelator TPEN or Chelex resin results in MDMX protein degradation in a ubiquitination-independent and 20S proteasome-dependent manner. Restoration of zinc led to recovery of cellular levels of MDMX. Further, TPEN treatment inhibits growth of the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, which is partially rescued by overexpression of MDMX. Moreover, in a mass-spectrometry-based proteomics analysis, we identified TRPM7, a zinc-permeable ion channel, as a novel MDMX-interacting protein. TRPM7 stabilizes and induces the appearance of faster migrating species of MDMX on SDS-PAGE. Depletion of TRPM7 attenuates, while TRPM7 overexpression facilitates, the recovery of MDMX levels upon adding back zinc to TPEN-treated cells. Importantly, we found that TRPM7 inhibition, like TPEN treatment, decreases breast cancer cell MCF-7 proliferation and migration. The inhibitory effect on cell migration upon TRPM7 inhibition is also partially rescued by overexpression of MDMX. Together, our data indicate that TRPM7 regulates cellular levels of MDMX in part by modulating the intracellular Zn2+ concentration to promote tumorigenesis.
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186
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Saleh MN, Patel MR, Bauer TM, Goel S, Falchook GS, Shapiro GI, Chung KY, Infante JR, Conry RM, Rabinowits G, Hong DS, Wang JS, Steidl U, Walensky LD, Naik G, Guerlavais V, Vukovic V, Annis DA, Aivado M, Meric-Bernstam F. Phase 1 Trial of ALRN-6924, a Dual Inhibitor of MDMX and MDM2, in Patients with Solid Tumors and Lymphomas Bearing Wild-type TP53. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:5236-5247. [PMID: 34301750 PMCID: PMC9401461 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We describe the first-in-human dose-escalation trial for ALRN-6924, a stabilized, cell-permeating peptide that disrupts p53 inhibition by mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) and MDMX to induce cell-cycle arrest or apoptosis in TP53-wild-type (WT) tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two schedules were evaluated for safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and antitumor effects in patients with solid tumors or lymphomas. In arm A, patients received ALRN-6924 by intravenous infusion once-weekly for 3 weeks every 28 days; arm B was twice-weekly for 2 weeks every 21 days. RESULTS Seventy-one patients were enrolled: 41 in arm A (0.16-4.4 mg/kg) and 30 in arm B (0.32-2.7 mg/kg). ALRN-6924 showed dose-dependent pharmacokinetics and increased serum levels of MIC-1, a biomarker of p53 activation. The most frequent treatment-related adverse events were gastrointestinal side effects, fatigue, anemia, and headache. In arm A, at 4.4 mg/kg, dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) were grade 3 (G3) hypotension, G3 alkaline phosphatase elevation, G3 anemia, and G4 neutropenia in one patient each. At the MTD in arm A of 3.1 mg/kg, G3 fatigue was observed in one patient. No DLTs were observed in arm B. No G3/G4 thrombocytopenia was observed in any patient. Seven patients had infusion-related reactions; 3 discontinued treatment. In 41 efficacy-evaluable patients with TP53-WT disease across both schedules the disease control rate was 59%. Two patients had confirmed complete responses, 2 had confirmed partial responses, and 20 had stable disease. Six patients were treated for >1 year. The recommended phase 2 dose was schedule A, 3.1 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS ALRN-6924 was well tolerated and demonstrated antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor N. Saleh
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Corresponding Authors: Funda Meric-Bernstam, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030. Phone: 713-794-1226; E-mail: ; and Mansoor N. Saleh, Aga Khan University Nairobi, 3rd Parklands/Limuru Rd., Nairobi, Kenya. Phone: 254-709-93-1500; E-mail:
| | - Manish R. Patel
- Florida Cancer Specialists/Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota, Florida
| | - Todd M. Bauer
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute and Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sanjay Goel
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine—Montefiore Medical Center, The Bronx, New York
| | | | | | - Ki Y. Chung
- Prisma Health Cancer Institute, Greenville, South Carolina
| | - Jeffrey R. Infante
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute and Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | - David S. Hong
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Judy S. Wang
- Florida Cancer Specialists/Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota, Florida
| | - Ulrich Steidl
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine—Montefiore Medical Center, The Bronx, New York
| | | | - Gurudatta Naik
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | | | | | - Manuel Aivado
- Aileron Therapeutics, Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Corresponding Authors: Funda Meric-Bernstam, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030. Phone: 713-794-1226; E-mail: ; and Mansoor N. Saleh, Aga Khan University Nairobi, 3rd Parklands/Limuru Rd., Nairobi, Kenya. Phone: 254-709-93-1500; E-mail:
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187
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Li X, Gohain N, Chen S, Li Y, Zhao X, Li B, Tolbert WD, He W, Pazgier M, Hu H, Lu W. Design of ultrahigh-affinity and dual-specificity peptide antagonists of MDM2 and MDMX for P53 activation and tumor suppression. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2655-2669. [PMID: 34589387 PMCID: PMC8463443 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide inhibition of the interactions of the tumor suppressor protein P53 with its negative regulators MDM2 and MDMX activates P53 in vitro and in vivo, representing a viable therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Using phage display techniques, we previously identified a potent peptide activator of P53, termed PMI (TSFAEYWNLLSP), with binding affinities for both MDM2 and MDMX in the low nanomolar concentration range. Here we report an ultrahigh affinity, dual-specificity peptide antagonist of MDM2 and MDMX obtained through systematic mutational analysis and additivity-based molecular design. Functional assays of over 100 peptide analogs of PMI using surface plasmon resonance and fluorescence polarization techniques yielded a dodecameric peptide termed PMI-M3 (LTFLEYWAQLMQ) that bound to MDM2 and MDMX with Kd values in the low picomolar concentration range as verified by isothermal titration calorimetry. Co-crystal structures of MDM2 and of MDMX in complex with PMI-M3 were solved at 1.65 and 3.0 Å resolution, respectively. Similar to PMI, PMI-M3 occupied the P53-binding pocket of MDM2/MDMX, which was dominated energetically by intermolecular interactions involving Phe3, Tyr6, Trp7, and Leu10. Notable differences in binding between PMI-M3 and PMI were observed at other positions such as Leu4 and Met11 with MDM2, and Leu1 and Met11 with MDMX, collectively contributing to a significantly enhanced binding affinity of PMI-M3 for both proteins. By adding lysine residues to both ends of PMI and PMI-M3 to improve their cellular uptake, we obtained modified peptides termed PMI-2K (KTSFAEYWNLLSPK) and M3-2K (KLTFLEYWAQLMQK). Compared with PMI-2K, M3-2K exhibited significantly improved antitumor activities in vitro and in vivo in a P53-dependent manner. This super-strong peptide inhibitor of the P53-MDM2/MDMX interactions may become, in its own right, a powerful lead compound for anticancer drug development, and can aid molecular design of other classes of P53 activators as well for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Neelakshi Gohain
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Si Chen
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yinghua Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - William D. Tolbert
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Wangxiao He
- Department of Talent Highland, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 21 54237607 (Wuyuan Lu), +86 21 66131281 (Honggang Hu), +1 301 295 3291 (Marzena Pazgier).
| | - Honggang Hu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 21 54237607 (Wuyuan Lu), +86 21 66131281 (Honggang Hu), +1 301 295 3291 (Marzena Pazgier).
| | - Wuyuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity of School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 21 54237607 (Wuyuan Lu), +86 21 66131281 (Honggang Hu), +1 301 295 3291 (Marzena Pazgier).
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188
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ZNF768 Expression Associates with High Proliferative Clinicopathological Features in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164136. [PMID: 34439288 PMCID: PMC8391643 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Zinc-finger protein 768 (ZNF768) is a transcription factor that was recently shown to promote proliferation and repress senescence downstream of growth factor signaling in vitro. This protein was found to be overexpressed in a small cohort of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) compared to normal tissue, but its clinical value in this cancer remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether ZNF768 associates with clinicopathological features in LUAD. We found that ZNF768 levels are often elevated in LUAD and that ZNF768 protein levels positively correlate with Ki-67 and other proliferative clinicopathological features in this cancer. Supporting a role for ZNF768 in promoting proliferation, ZNF768 depletion severely impairs proliferation in several lung cancer cell lines. Our study, that extends previous in vitro data, provides the first clinical observations supporting a possible role for ZNF768 in promoting cancer cell proliferation and tumor development in humans. Abstract Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common type of lung cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite important recent advances, the prognosis for LUAD patients is still unfavourable, with a 5 year-survival rate close to 15%. Improving the characterization of lung tumors is important to develop alternative options for the diagnosis and the treatment of this disease. Zinc-finger protein 768 (ZNF768) is a transcription factor that was recently shown to promote proliferation and repress senescence downstream of growth factor signaling. Although ZNF768 protein levels were found to be elevated in LUAD compared to normal lung tissue, it is currently unknown whether ZNF768 expression associates with clinicopathological features in LUAD. Here, using tissue microarrays of clinical LUAD surgical specimens collected from 364 patients, we observed that high levels of ZNF768 is a common characteristic of LUAD. We show that ZNF768 protein levels correlate with high proliferative features in LUAD, including the mitotic score and Ki-67 expression. Supporting a role for ZNF768 in promoting proliferation, we report that ZNF768 depletion severely impairs proliferation in several lung cancer cell lines in vitro. A marked decrease in the expression of key proliferative genes was observed in cancer cell lines depleted from ZNF768. Altogether, our findings support a role for ZNF768 in promoting proliferation of LUAD.
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189
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Taillandier D. [Metabolic pathways controlled by E3 ligases: an opportunity for therapeutic targeting]. Biol Aujourdhui 2021; 215:45-57. [PMID: 34397374 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2021006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery, the Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) has been recognized for its major role in controlling most of the cell's metabolic pathways. In addition to its essential role in the degradation of proteins, it is also involved in the addressing, signaling or repair of DNA, which makes it a key player in cellular homeostasis. Although other control systems exist in the cell, the UPS is often referred to as the conductor. In view of its importance, any dysregulation of the UPS leads to more or less severe disorders for the cell and therefore the body, which accounts for UPS implication in many pathologies (cancer, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, etc.). UPS is made up of more than 1000 different proteins, the combinations of which allow the fine targeting of virtually all proteins in the body. UPS uses an enzymatic cascade (E1, 2 members; E2 > 35; E3 > 800) which allows the transfer of ubiquitin, a small protein of 8.5 kDa onto the protein to be targeted either for its degradation or to modify its activity. This ubiquitinylation signal is reversible and many deubiquitinylases (DUB, ∼ 80 isoforms) also have an important role. E3 enzymes are the most numerous and their function is to recognize the target protein, which makes them important players in the specific action of UPS. The very nature of E3 and the complexity of their interactions with different partners offer a very broad field of investigation and therefore significant potential for the development of therapeutic approaches. Without being exhaustive, this review illustrates the different strategies that have already been implemented to fight against different pathologies (excluding bacterial or viral infections).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Taillandier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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190
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Yang J, Zhang Y. New insight into the role of MDMX in MDM2-mediated p53 degradation and anti-cancer drug development. Oncoscience 2021; 8:94-96. [PMID: 34386548 PMCID: PMC8351915 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of the tumor suppressor p53 has been generally accepted as a hallmark of tumor. MDM2 and MDMX, the two closely related proteins are considered to be critical for negatively regulating p53 activity through inhibitory binding to and post-translational modification of the p53 protein. We have demonstrated that MDMX facilitates MDM2-mediated p53 ubiquitination and degradation via recruitment of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH5c to the MDM2-MDMX heterooligomers. Here, we discuss our new findings from genetically engineered mouse models and a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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191
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Wang Y, Yang Z, Chang X, Li J, Han Z. Five MDM4 gene polymorphisms on cancer risk: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Biol Markers 2021; 36:17246008211033874. [PMID: 34347554 DOI: 10.1177/17246008211033874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aims to provide a comprehensive account of the association of five MDM4 gene polymorphisms (rs1380576, rs1563828, rs10900598, rs11801299, and rs4245739) with susceptibility to cancer. METHODS A literature search for eligible candidate gene studies published before 27 February 2021 was conducted in PubMed, Medline and Web of Science. The following combinations of main keywords were used: (MDM4 OR MDMX OR HDMX OR mouse double minute 4 homolog) AND (polymorphism OR mutation OR variation OR SNP OR genotype) AND (cancer OR tumor OR neoplasm OR malignancy OR carcinoma OR adenocarcinoma). Potential sources of heterogeneity were sought out via meta-regression, subgroup and sensitivity analysis. RESULTS Overall, a total of 15 articles with 21,365 cases and 29,280 controls for five polymorphisms of the MDM4 gene were enrolled. In the stratified analysis of rs1380576, we found that Asians might have less susceptibility to cancer. We found that rs4245739 was correlated with a decreased risk of cancer for Asians and breast cancer susceptibility. However, for other polymorphisms, the results showed no significant association with cancer risk. CONCLUSION MDM4 rs1380576 polymorphism is negatively associated with the risk of cancer in the Asian population. MDM4 rs4245739 polymorphism is inversely associated with cancer risk for Asians and breast cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Wang
- Department of Urology, 71213The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, China
| | - Zhan Yang
- Department of Urology, 71213The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, China
| | - Xueliang Chang
- Department of Urology, 71213The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, China
| | - Jingdong Li
- Department of Urology, 71213The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, China
| | - Zhenwei Han
- Department of Urology, 71213The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, China
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Kuo KK, Hsiao PJ, Chang WT, Chuang SC, Yang YH, Wuputra K, Ku CC, Pan JB, Li CP, Kato K, Liu CJ, Wu DC, Yokoyama KK. Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Tumor Suppressor Genes in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3920. [PMID: 34359820 PMCID: PMC8345812 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The high mortality of pancreatic cancer is attributed to the insidious progression of this disease, which results in a delayed diagnosis and advanced disease stage at diagnosis. More than 35% of patients with pancreatic cancer are in stage III, whereas 50% are in stage IV at diagnosis. Thus, understanding the aggressive features of pancreatic cancer will contribute to the resolution of problems, such as its early recurrence, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies targeting tumor suppressor gene products may help prevent the progression of pancreatic cancer. In this review, we discuss several recent clinical trials of pancreatic cancer and recent studies reporting safe and effective treatment modalities for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kung-Kai Kuo
- Division of General & Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (K.-K.K.); (W.-T.C.); (S.-C.C.); (Y.-H.Y.)
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.W.); (C.-C.K.); (J.-B.P.); (C.-P.L.); (C.-J.L.); (D.-C.W.)
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Jung Hsiao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, EDA Hospital, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Tsan Chang
- Division of General & Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (K.-K.K.); (W.-T.C.); (S.-C.C.); (Y.-H.Y.)
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chang Chuang
- Division of General & Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (K.-K.K.); (W.-T.C.); (S.-C.C.); (Y.-H.Y.)
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Han Yang
- Division of General & Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (K.-K.K.); (W.-T.C.); (S.-C.C.); (Y.-H.Y.)
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.W.); (C.-C.K.); (J.-B.P.); (C.-P.L.); (C.-J.L.); (D.-C.W.)
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Kenly Wuputra
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.W.); (C.-C.K.); (J.-B.P.); (C.-P.L.); (C.-J.L.); (D.-C.W.)
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Ku
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.W.); (C.-C.K.); (J.-B.P.); (C.-P.L.); (C.-J.L.); (D.-C.W.)
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Bin Pan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.W.); (C.-C.K.); (J.-B.P.); (C.-P.L.); (C.-J.L.); (D.-C.W.)
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Pei Li
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.W.); (C.-C.K.); (J.-B.P.); (C.-P.L.); (C.-J.L.); (D.-C.W.)
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Kohsuke Kato
- Department of Infection Biology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, the University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan;
| | - Chung-Jung Liu
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.W.); (C.-C.K.); (J.-B.P.); (C.-P.L.); (C.-J.L.); (D.-C.W.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.W.); (C.-C.K.); (J.-B.P.); (C.-P.L.); (C.-J.L.); (D.-C.W.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Kazunari K. Yokoyama
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.W.); (C.-C.K.); (J.-B.P.); (C.-P.L.); (C.-J.L.); (D.-C.W.)
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
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193
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Su X, Feng C, Wang S, Shi L, Gu Q, Zhang H, Lan X, Zhao Y, Qiang W, Ji M, Hou P. The noncoding RNAs SNORD50A and SNORD50B-mediated TRIM21-GMPS interaction promotes the growth of p53 wild-type breast cancers by degrading p53. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:2450-2464. [PMID: 33742136 PMCID: PMC8329294 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00762-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Small nucleolar RNA SNORD50A and SNORD50B (SNORD50A/B) has been reported to be recurrently deleted and function as a putative tumor suppressor in different types of cancer by binding to and suppressing the activity of the KRAS oncoproteins. Its deletion correlates with poorer patient survival. However, in this study, we surprisingly found that SNORD50A/B loss predicted a better survival in breast cancer patients carrying wild-type p53. Functional studies showed that SNORD50A/B deletion strongly inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion and tumorigenic potential, and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in p53 wild-type breast cancer cells, while exerted the opposite effects in p53 mutated breast cancer cells. This was also supported by ectopically expressing SNORD50A/B in both p53 wild-type and mutated breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, SNORD50A/B clearly enhances the interaction between E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21 and its substrate GMPS by forming a complex among them, thereby promoting GMPS ubiquitination and its subsequent cytoplasmic sequestration. SNORD50A/B deletion in p53 wild-type breast cancer cells will release GMPS and induce the translocation of GMPS into the nucleus, where GMPS can recruit USP7 and form a complex with p53, thereby decreasing p53 ubiquitination, stabilizing p53 proteins, and inhibiting malignant phenotypes of cancer cells. Altogether, the present study first reports that SNORD50A/B plays an oncogenic role in p53 wild-type breast cancers by mediating TRIM21-GMPS interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Su
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Chao Feng
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Simeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Liang Shi
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Qingqing Gu
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Haihong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Xinhui Lan
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Yuelei Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Wei Qiang
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Meiju Ji
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.
| | - Peng Hou
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.
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194
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Zhang S, Lou J, Li Y, Zhou F, Yan Z, Lyu X, Zhao Y. Recent Progress and Clinical Development of Inhibitors that Block MDM4/p53 Protein-Protein Interactions. J Med Chem 2021; 64:10621-10640. [PMID: 34286973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
MDM4 is a homologue of MDM2, serving cooperatively as the negative regulator of tumor suppressor p53. Under the shadow of MDM2 inhibitors, limited efforts had been put into the discovery of MDM4 modulators. Recent studies of the experimental drug ALRN-6924, a dual MDM4 and MDM2 inhibitor, suggest that concurrent inhibition of MDM4 and MDM2 might be beneficial over only MDM2 inhibition. In view of the present research progress, we summarized published inhibitors of MDM4/p53 interactions including both peptide-based compounds and small molecules. Cocrystal structures of ligand/MDM4 complexes have been examined, and their structural features were compiled and compared in order to show the molecular basis required for high MDM4 binding affinities. Representative examples of small-molecule MDM4 inhibitors were discussed, followed by clinical results of ALRN-6924, together, providing a consolidated reference for further development of MDM4 inhibitors, either dual or selective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianfeng Lou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yafang Li
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Feilong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ziqin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xilin Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yujun Zhao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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195
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Duan S, Pagano M. Ubiquitin ligases in cancer: Functions and clinical potentials. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:918-933. [PMID: 33974914 PMCID: PMC8286310 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitylation, a highly regulated post-translational modification, controls many cellular pathways that are critical to cell homeostasis. Ubiquitin ligases recruit substrates and promote ubiquitin transfer onto targets, inducing proteasomal degradation or non-degradative signaling. Accumulating evidence highlights the critical role of dysregulated ubiquitin ligases in processes associated with the initiation and progression of cancer. Depending on the substrate specificity and biological context, a ubiquitin ligase can act either as a tumor promoter or as a tumor suppressor. In this review, we focus on the regulatory roles of ubiquitin ligases and how perturbations of their functions contribute to cancer pathogenesis. We also briefly discuss current strategies for targeting or exploiting ubiquitin ligases for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Duan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michele Pagano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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196
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Su H, Qin M, Liu Q, Jin B, Shi X, Xiang Z. Ubiquitin-Like Protein UBD Promotes Cell Proliferation in Colorectal Cancer by Facilitating p53 Degradation. Front Oncol 2021; 11:691347. [PMID: 34350116 PMCID: PMC8327751 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.691347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ubiquitin D (UBD) is a member of the ubiquitin-like modifier (UBL) family and is highly expressed in a variety of cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanisms of its regulatory roles in CRC are largely elusive. In this study, we revealed the effect of UBD on the proliferation of CRC. Methods The expression of UBD in clinical tissue samples of CRC and seven CRC cell lines was detected using qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting. CCK-8, colony formation, EdU and flow cytometry assays were used to detect the functional changes of CRC cells transfected with UBD stable expression plasmids in vitro. A xenograft model was constructed to assess the effect of UBD on the growth of CRC cells in vivo. The connection between UBD and p53 was analyzed using Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, proteasome inhibition assay and Cycloheximide (CHX) chase assay. Results UBD was overexpressed in CRC tumor tissues compared with nontumor tissues, and its overexpression was positively associated with the tumor size and TNM stage of CRC patients. Functionally, UBD significantly accelerated CRC cell viability and proliferation in vitro and promoted tumorigenesis in vivo. Mechanistically, UBD interacted with p53 in CRC cells, downregulated the expression of p53 by regulating its degradation, shortened the p53 half-life, thereby further affecting the decrease in p21 and the increase in Cyclin D1, Cyclin E, CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6. Moreover, in vivo experiments showed that UBD-induced tumor growth in nude mice was dependent on a decrease in p53. Conclusions Our study proved that UBD mediates the degradation of p53, thereby facilitating the growth of CRC cells and ultimately promoting the progression of CRC. Therefore, UBD may be a potential therapeutic target and a promising prognostic biomarker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Su
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengdi Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianjun Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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197
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Zhao J, Xiao X, Li Y, Gao X, Zhang X, Liu Z, Yi Y, Fu X, Wang H, Guan Y, Xia X, Zhang W, Huang J. The prevalence of HLA-I LOH in Chinese pan-cancer patients and genomic features of patients harboring HLA-I LOH. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:1254-1264. [PMID: 34245634 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
HLA-I LOH may facilitate immune evasion. However, large population studies on the prevalence of HLA-I LOH across different cancer types and in relation to mutational profiles are lacking, in particular, in the Chinese population. In this study, analysis was performed in 1504 advanced pan-cancer patients and 134 early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer patients using a 1021-gene panel. The consistency between the 1021-gene panel and whole-exome sequencing was evaluated in 45 samples, where concordant results were obtained in 95.6% (43/45) of the samples. Analytical results revealed that the prevalence of HLA-I LOH in tumor tissue presents considerable differences across cancer types. HLA-I LOH was relevant to genomic instability, reflected in higher tumor mutation burden level. HLA-I LOH occurs more frequently in MSS samples than in MSI-H samples. The alteration frequencies of p53 pathway, RTK/RAS pathway, Notch pathway, Hippo pathway, and Nrf2 pathway in HLA-I LOH group were significantly higher than that in HLA-I stable group (p < .0001, p < .0001, p = .032, p = .013, p = .003, respectively). In DNA damage response pathways, alterations in the checkpoint factor pathway and Fanconi anemia pathway are enriched in HLA-I LOH group (p < .0001, p = .023, respectively). Besides, HLA-I LOH was accompanied by higher mutation rates of several tumor suppressors, including TP53 and LRP1B. These results may shed light on follow-up tumor immunology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Xiao
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Gao
- Geneplus-Beijing, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuqin Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zeyi Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | | | | | - Han Wang
- Geneplus-Beijing, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Weixing Zhang
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian'an Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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198
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Zhou Z, Qiu R, Liu W, Yang T, Li G, Huang W, Teng X, Yang Y, Yu H, Yang Y, Wang Y. BCAS3 exhibits oncogenic properties by promoting CRL4A-mediated ubiquitination of p53 in breast cancer. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13088. [PMID: 34240781 PMCID: PMC8349660 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Breast cancer‐amplified sequence 3 (BCAS3) was initially found to be amplified in human breast cancer (BRCA); however, there has been little consensus on the functions of BCAS3 in breast tumours. Materials and methods We analysed BCAS3 expression in BRCA using bio‐information tools. Affinity purification and mass spectrometry were employed to identify BCAS3‐associated proteins. GST pull‐down and ubiquitination assays were performed to analyse the interaction mechanism between BCAS3/p53 and CUL4A‐RING E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL4A) complex. BCAS3 was knocked down individually or in combination with p53 in MCF‐7 cells to further explore the biological functions of the BCAS3/p53 axis. The clinical values of BCAS3 for BRCA progression were evaluated via semiquantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis and Cox regression. Results We reported that the expression level of BCAS3 in BRCA was higher than that in adjacent normal tissues. High BCAS3 expression promoted growth, inhibited apoptosis and conferred chemoresistance in breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, BCAS3 overexpression fostered BRCA cell growth by interacting with the CRL4A complex and promoting ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of p53. Furthermore, BCAS3 could regulate cell growth, apoptosis and chemoresistance through a p53‐mediated mechanism. Clinically, BCAS3 overexpression was significantly correlated with a malignant phenotype. Moreover, higher expression of BCAS3 correlates with shorter overall survival (OS) in BRCA. Conclusions The functional characterization of BCAS3 offers new insights into the oncogenic properties and chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhou
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongfang Qiu
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, China
| | - Wei Liu
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianshu Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Teng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunkai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hefen Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, China
| | - Yan Wang
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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199
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Dong LH, Huang JJ, Zu P, Liu J, Gao X, Du JW, Li YF. CircKDM4C upregulates P53 by sponging hsa-let-7b-5p to induce ferroptosis in acute myeloid leukemia. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1288-1302. [PMID: 33733556 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the role of circKDM4C in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the expression of circKDM4C, hsa-let-7b-5p, and P53 was measured by qRT-RCR. AML cell lines(K-562 and HL-60) were transfected correspondingly and investigated for cell proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities by CCK-8, colony formation, transwell, and wound healing assays, respectively. The levels of P53, ACSL4, PTGS2, GPX4, and FTH1 in the K-562, and HL-60 cells were measured by western blotting. Also, circKDM4C mediated regulation of ferroptosis was studied. The Phen Green SK probe and confocal laser scanning microscope were used to assess the cellular iron levels. The reactive oxygen species levels were analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting using the C11-BODIPY probe. Bioinformatics analysis predicted the putative binding sites among circKDM4C, hsa-let-7b-5p, and P53. These were verified using the dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA pull-down, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Finally, in vitro findings were also verified in vivo using the nude mice. CircKDM4C was significantly down-regulated in AML patients. The overexpression of circKDM4C in AML cell lines inhibited the cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and promoted ferroptosis. We found that circKDM4C acts as a sponge of hsa-let-7b-5p and thereby regulates p53 which is a target gene of hsa-let-7b-5p. Also, the expression of circKDM4C and hsa-let-7b-5p are negatively correlated, while circKDM4C and p53 are positively correlated to AML patients. Moreover, we found that circKDM4C induces ferroptosis by sponging hsa-let-7b-5p which upregulates the expression of P53. This work emphasizes the role of circKDM4C in AML patients, which could be explored for the therapeutic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Dong
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Huang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xue Gao
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Wei Du
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Fu Li
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
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200
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Lees A, Sessler T, McDade S. Dying to Survive-The p53 Paradox. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3257. [PMID: 34209840 PMCID: PMC8268032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumour suppressor is best known for its canonical role as "guardian of the genome", activating cell cycle arrest and DNA repair in response to DNA damage which, if irreparable or sustained, triggers activation of cell death. However, despite an enormous amount of work identifying the breadth of the gene regulatory networks activated directly and indirectly in response to p53 activation, how p53 activation results in different cell fates in response to different stress signals in homeostasis and in response to p53 activating anti-cancer treatments remains relatively poorly understood. This is likely due to the complex interaction between cell death mechanisms in which p53 has been activated, their neighbouring stressed or unstressed cells and the local stromal and immune microenvironment in which they reside. In this review, we evaluate our understanding of the burgeoning number of cell death pathways affected by p53 activation and how these may paradoxically suppress cell death to ensure tissue integrity and organismal survival. We also discuss how these functions may be advantageous to tumours that maintain wild-type p53, the understanding of which may provide novel opportunity to enhance treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lees
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK;
| | | | - Simon McDade
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK;
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