151
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Effects of Estrogen Receptor and Wnt Signaling Activation on Mechanically Induced Bone Formation in a Mouse Model of Postmenopausal Bone Loss. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218301. [PMID: 33167497 PMCID: PMC7663944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult skeleton, bone remodeling is required to replace damaged bone and functionally adapt bone mass and structure according to the mechanical requirements. It is regulated by multiple endocrine and paracrine factors, including hormones and growth factors, which interact in a coordinated manner. Because the response of bone to mechanical signals is dependent on functional estrogen receptor (ER) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling and is impaired in postmenopausal osteoporosis by estrogen deficiency, it is of paramount importance to elucidate the underlying mechanisms as a basis for the development of new strategies in the treatment of osteoporosis. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the activation of the ligand-dependent ER and the Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction pathways on mechanically induced bone formation using ovariectomized mice as a model of postmenopausal bone loss. We demonstrated that both pathways interact in the regulation of bone mass adaption in response to mechanical loading and that the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling considerably increased mechanically induced bone formation, whereas the effects of estrogen treatment strictly depended on the estrogen status in the mice.
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152
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Zorn KM, Foil DH, Lane TR, Hillwalker W, Feifarek DJ, Jones F, Klaren WD, Brinkman AM, Ekins S. Comparison of Machine Learning Models for the Androgen Receptor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:13690-13700. [PMID: 33085465 PMCID: PMC8243727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is a target of interest for endocrine disruption research, as altered signaling can affect normal reproductive and neurological development for generations. In an effort to prioritize compounds with alternative methodologies, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) used in vitro data from 11 assays to construct models of AR agonist and antagonist signaling pathways. While these EPA ToxCast AR models require in vitro data to assign a bioactivity score, Bayesian machine learning methods can be used for prospective prediction from molecule structure alone. This approach was applied to multiple types of data corresponding to the EPA's AR signaling pathway with proprietary software, Assay Central. The training performance of all machine learning models, including six other algorithms, was evaluated by internal 5-fold cross-validation statistics. Bayesian machine learning models were also evaluated with external predictions of reference chemicals to compare prediction accuracies to published results from the EPA. The machine learning model group selected for further studies of endocrine disruption consisted of continuous AC50 data from the February 2019 release of ToxCast/Tox21. These efforts demonstrate how machine learning can be used to predict AR-mediated bioactivity and can also be applied to other targets of endocrine disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley M. Zorn
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Daniel H. Foil
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Thomas R. Lane
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Wendy Hillwalker
- Global Product Safety, SC Johnson and Son, Inc., Racine, WI, USA
| | | | - Frank Jones
- Global Product Safety, SC Johnson and Son, Inc., Racine, WI, USA
| | | | | | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, NC, USA
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153
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Luo H, Wu H, Tan X, Ye Y, Huang L, Dai H, Mei L. Osteopenic effects of high-fat diet-induced obesity on mechanically induced alveolar bone remodeling. Oral Dis 2020; 27:1243-1256. [PMID: 32989808 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of obesity on the tissue and molecular reactions of alveolar bone in response to orthodontic force and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Sixty-four rats were randomly divided into normal diet (ND) and high-fat diet (HFD) groups for eight weeks of dietary treatment. OTM was induced using nickel-titanium springs between the upper left first molar and incisor. After 1, 3, 7, and 14 days of OTM, the maxillary alveolar bone and gingival tissues were harvested and analyzed. RESULTS Compared with the ND rats, the HFD rats had greater OTM distance, serum levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), as well as significant alveolar bone loss and bone architecture deterioration on both the compression and tension sides (p < .05 for all). This response was linked to the increased osteoclast numbers and functional activity and decreased osteoblast activity in the periodontal ligament, gingival tissue, and alveolar bone. CONCLUSIONS HFD-induced obesity promoted mechanically induced alveolar bone remodeling and detrimental changes in alveolar bone microstructure by increasing osteoclastogenesis and regulating inflammatory cytokine expression. The increased alveolar bone remodeling in the obese rats lead to an accelerated OTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Luo
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Tan
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yusi Ye
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Dai
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Mei
- Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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154
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Chen Y, Chen J, Chen J, Yu H, Zheng Y, Zhao J, Zhu J. Recent advances in seafood bioactive peptides and their potential for managing osteoporosis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1187-1203. [PMID: 33094645 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1836606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Marine biodiversity provides a range of diverse biological resources, including seafoods that are rich in protein and a well-balanced amino acid composition. Previous studies have shown that peptides can improve bone formation and/or inhibit bone resorption, suggesting the potential for seafood bioactive peptides (SBPs) in development of food and pharmaceuticals for management of osteoporosis. In this review, we provided an up-to-date overview of the anti-osteoporosis activity of SBPs and describe their underlying molecular mechanisms. We focus on SBPs' development, broadening the scope and depth of research, as well as strengthening in vivo and clinical research. In vitro cell cultures and in vivo animal osteoporosis models have demonstrated the potential for seafood-derived SBPs, including fish, mollusks, crustaceans, seaweed and microalgae, in preventing osteoporosis. These peptides may act by activating the signaling pathways, such as BMP/Smads, MAPK, OPG/RANKL/RANK, and NF-κB, which are associated with modulation bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering & Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianchu Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering & Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering & Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huilin Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering & Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangfan Zheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering & Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiawen Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering & Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajin Zhu
- College of Biosystems Engineering & Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
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155
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Ohlsson C, Gustafsson KL, Farman HH, Henning P, Lionikaite V, Movérare-Skrtic S, Sjögren K, Törnqvist AE, Andersson A, Islander U, Bernardi AI, Poutanen M, Chambon P, Lagerquist MK. Phosphorylation site S122 in estrogen receptor α has a tissue-dependent role in female mice. FASEB J 2020; 34:15991-16002. [PMID: 33067917 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901376rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen treatment increases bone mass and reduces fat mass but is associated with adverse effects in postmenopausal women. Knowledge regarding tissue-specific estrogen signaling is important to aid the development of new tissue-specific treatments. We hypothesized that the posttranslational modification phosphorylation in estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) may modulate ERα activity in a tissue-dependent manner. Phosphorylation of site S122 in ERα has been shown in vitro to affect ERα activity, but the tissue-specific role in vivo is unknown. We herein developed and phenotyped a novel mouse model with a point mutation at the phosphorylation site 122 in ERα (S122A). Female S122A mice had increased fat mass and serum insulin levels but unchanged serum sex steroid levels, uterus weight, bone mass, thymus weight, and lymphocyte maturation compared to WT mice. In conclusion, phosphorylation site S122 in ERα has a tissue-dependent role with an impact specifically on fat mass in female mice. This study is the first to demonstrate in vivo that a phosphorylation site in a transactivation domain in a nuclear steroid receptor modulates the receptor activity in a tissue-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin L Gustafsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helen H Farman
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petra Henning
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vikte Lionikaite
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sofia Movérare-Skrtic
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Klara Sjögren
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna E Törnqvist
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annica Andersson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Islander
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Angelina I Bernardi
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pierre Chambon
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, ULP, Collège de France, Illkirch-Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie K Lagerquist
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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156
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Fairfield H, Costa S, DeMambro V, Schott C, Martins JDS, Ferron M, Vary C, Reagan MR. Targeting Bone Cells During Sexual Maturation Reveals Sexually Dimorphic Regulation of Endochondral Ossification. JBMR Plus 2020; 4:e10413. [PMID: 33210065 PMCID: PMC7657395 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In endochondral ossification, chondroblasts become embedded in their matrix and become chondrocytes, which are mature cells that continue to proliferate, eventually becoming hypertrophic. Hypertrophic chondrocytes produce cartilage that is then resorbed by osteoclasts prior to bone matrix replacement via osteoblasts. Although sexually dimorphic bone phenotypes have long been characterized, specific modulation of the growth plate during a critical window in sexual maturation has not been evaluated. Here we report that specific depletion of osteocalcin‐ (OCN‐) expressing cells in vivo during sexual maturation leads to dimorphic bone phenotypes in males and females. At 6 to 8 weeks of age, OCN‐Cre;iDTR (inducible diphtheria toxin receptor‐expressing) mice were treated with diphtheria toxin (DT) for 2 weeks to deplete OCN+ cells. At the end of the study, long bones were collected for μCT and histomorphometry, and serum was collected for proteomic and lipidomic analyses. Ablation of OCN+ cells in mice leads to consistent trends for weight loss after 2 weeks of treatment. Females exhibited decreased skeletal parameters in response to OCN+ cell ablation treatment, as expected. However, OCN+ cell ablation in males uniquely displayed an expansion of hypertrophic chondrocytes, a widening of the growth plate, and an abnormal “clubbing” anatomy of the distal femur. Following DT treatment, mice from both sexes also underwent metabolic cage analysis, in which both sexes exhibited decreased energy expenditure. We conclude that skewing endochondral bone formation during longitudinal growth has a profound effect on body weight and energy expenditure with sex‐specific effects on developing bone. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Fairfield
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute Scarborough ME USA
| | - Samantha Costa
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute Scarborough ME USA.,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering Orono ME USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine Tufts University Boston MA USA
| | - Victoria DeMambro
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute Scarborough ME USA.,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering Orono ME USA
| | - Celine Schott
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal Montreal Quebec Canada.,Department of Medicine and Molecular Biology Programs of the Faculty of Medicine Université de Montreal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | | | - Mathieu Ferron
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal Montreal Quebec Canada.,Department of Medicine and Molecular Biology Programs of the Faculty of Medicine Université de Montreal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Calvin Vary
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute Scarborough ME USA.,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering Orono ME USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine Tufts University Boston MA USA
| | - Michaela R Reagan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute Scarborough ME USA.,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering Orono ME USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine Tufts University Boston MA USA
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157
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Thorpe CR, Ucer Ozgurel S, Simko LC, Goldstein R, Grant GG, Pagani C, Hwang C, Vasquez K, Sorkin M, Vaishampayan A, Goverman J, Sheridan RL, Friedstat J, Schulz JT, Schneider JC, Levi B, Ryan CM. Investigation into Possible Association of Oxandrolone and Heterotopic Ossification Following Burn Injury. J Burn Care Res 2020; 40:398-405. [PMID: 31053861 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irz063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxandrolone, a testosterone analog, is used to counteract the catabolic effects of burn injury. Recent animal studies suggest a possible hormonal association with heterotopic ossification (HO) development postburn. This work examines oxandrolone administration and HO development by exploring historical clinical data bridging the introduction of oxandrolone into clinical practice. Additionally, we examine associations between oxandrolone administration and HO in a standardized mouse model of burn/trauma-related HO. Acutely burned adults admitted between 2000 and 2014, survived through discharge, and had a HO risk factor of 7 or higher were selected for analysis from a single burn center. Oxandrolone administration, clinical and demographic data, and elbow HO were recorded and were analyzed with logistic regression. Associations of oxandrolone with HO were examined in a mouse model. Mice were administered oxandrolone or vehicle control following burn/tenotomy to examine any potential effect of oxandrolone on HO and were analyzed by Student's t test. Subjects who received oxandrolone had a higher incidence of elbow HO than those that did not receive oxandrolone. However, when controlling for oxandrolone administration, oxandrolone duration, postburn day oxandrolone initiation, HO risk score category, age, sex, race, burn size, and year of injury, there was no significant difference between rates of elbow HO between the two populations. In agreement with the review, in the mouse model, while there was a trend toward the oxandrolone group developing a greater volume of HO, this did not reach statistical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine R Thorpe
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Laura C Simko
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston, Massachusetts.,Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | | | - Gabrielle G Grant
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeremy Goverman
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.,Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Robert L Sheridan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan Friedstat
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - John T Schulz
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey C Schneider
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.,Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Colleen M Ryan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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158
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Wu GJ, Chen JT, Cherng YG, Chang CC, Liu SH, Chen RM. Genistein Improves Bone Healing via Triggering Estrogen Receptor Alpha-Mediated Expressions of Osteogenesis-Associated Genes and Consequent Maturation of Osteoblasts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:10639-10650. [PMID: 32897066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis-associated fractures may cause higher morbidity and mortality. Our previous study showed the effects of genistein, a phytoestrogen, on the induction of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) gene expression and stimulation of osteoblast mineralization. In this study, rat calvarial osteoblasts and an animal bone defect model were used to investigate the effects of genistein on bone healing. Treatment with genistein caused a time-dependent increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in rat osteoblasts. Levels of cytosolic and nuclear ERα significantly augmented following exposure to genistein. Subsequently, genistein elevated levels of ALP mRNA and protein in rat osteoblasts. Moreover, genistein induced other osteogenesis-associated osteocalcin and Runx2 mRNA and protein expressions. Knocking-down ERα using RNA interference concurrently inhibited genistein-induced Runx2, osteocalcin, and ALP mRNA expression. Attractively, administration of ICR mice suffering bone defects with genistein caused significant increases in the callus width, chondrocyte proliferation, and ALP synthesis. Results of microcomputed tomography revealed that administration of genistein increased trabecular bone numbers and improved the bone thickness and volume. This study showed that genistein can improve bone healing via triggering ERα-mediated osteogenesis-associated gene expressions and subsequent osteoblast maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong-Jhe Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Tai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Giun Cherng
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Chau Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Anesthesiology and Health Policy Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Ming Chen
- Anesthesiology and Health Policy Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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159
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Zhu D, Ping L, Shen X, Hong Y, Weng Q, He Q, Wang J, Wang J. Effects of prepubertal exposure to forchlorfenuron through prenatal and postnatal gavage administration in developing Sprague-Dawley rats. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 98:157-164. [PMID: 32998050 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Forchlorfenuron (CPPU), a plant growth regulator, is widely used in agriculture. However, its long-term exposure effects on humans, especially neonates, remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the developmental toxicity of prenatal and postnatal gavage administration of CPPU in rats. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 300 mg/kg/day CPPU by gavage from day 6 of gestation to the cessation of nursing. During weaning, rat offspring were administered 0, 30, 100, or 300 mg/kg/day CPPU for 4 weeks, followed by a 4-week CPPU-free recovery period. There were no significant differences in clinical symptoms, body weight, development indicators, serum biochemical parameters, sex hormone levels, sperm motility, relative organ weights, and histopathological changes among the 0-100 mg/kg/day CPPU groups. In the 300 mg/kg/day CPPU group, female rats exhibited decreased body weight, earlier time of vaginal opening (VO) and first estrus time (FE), elevated estradiol and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, and upregulation of estrogen receptor 1 gene expression, whereas male rats only exhibited increases in serum BUN, creatinine, and glucose levels. Most changes were reversed after the recovery period. Furthermore, the endometrial epithelial height was significantly increased in female rats despite the absence of significant changes in uterine wall thickness and endometrial glands. Thus, CPPU may promote estradiol secretion, resulting in altered VO and FE and adverse effects in prepubertal female rats. These findings may be applied for risk assessment following CPPU exposure in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Difeng Zhu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Li Ping
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaofei Shen
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yawen Hong
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qinjie Weng
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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160
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Imtiyaz Z, Lin YT, Cheong UH, Jassey A, Liu HK, Lee MH. Compounds isolated from Euonymus spraguei Hayata induce ossification through multiple pathways. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2227-2237. [PMID: 32884403 PMCID: PMC7451737 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of bone metabolism includes catabolism of old or mature bone and anabolism of new bone, carried out by osteoclasts and osteoblasts respectively. Any imbalance in this process results in loss of bone mass or osteoporosis. Drugs available to combat osteoporosis have certain adverse effects and are unable to improve bone formation, hence identifying new agents to fulfil these therapeutic gaps is required. To expand the scope of potential agents that enhance bone formation, we identified Euonymus spraguei Hayata as a plant material that possesses robust osteogenic potential using human osteoblast cells. We isolated three compounds, syringaresinol (1), syringin (2), and (−)-epicatechin (3), from E. spraguei. Results demonstrated that syringin (2), and (−)-epicatechin (3), increased alkaline phosphatase activity significantly up to 131.01% and 130.67%, respectively; they also elevated mineral deposition with respective values of up to 139.39% and 138.33%. In addition, 2 and 3 modulated autophagy and the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 signaling pathway. Our findings demonstrated that 2 and 3 induced osteogenesis by targeting multiple pathways and therefore can be considered as potent multi-targeted drugs for bone formation against osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuha Imtiyaz
- Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tzu Lin
- Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Ut-Hang Cheong
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Alagie Jassey
- College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Kang Liu
- Division of Basic Chinese Medicine, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsien Lee
- Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.,Center for Reproductive Medicine and Sciences, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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161
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Wu H, Wu S, Zhu Y, Cheng J, Ye S, Xi Y, Huang Q, Zhang Y, Bu S. Aspirin restores endothelial function by mitigating 17β-estradiol-induced α-SMA accumulation and autophagy inhibition via Vps15 scaffold regulation of Beclin-1 phosphorylation. Life Sci 2020; 259:118383. [PMID: 32896555 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Previous studies have shown that the widespread use of estrogen preparations can cause adverse outcomes such as thrombosis and cardiovascular disease. Autophagy is a biochemical process necessary to maintain cell homeostasis. The present study investigated whether E-2 mediates autophagy-induced endothelial cell dysfunction. The role of aspirin in this process was then studied. MAIN METHODS Western blot, fluorescence microscopy, electron transmission microscopy, plasma construction and transfection, vasoreactivity study in wire myograph are all used in this study. KEY FINDINGS We found that E-2 activated the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway and inhibited the formation of the Atg14L-Beclin1-Vps34-Vps15 complex, thereby inhibiting autophagy. Aspirin promoted Beclin1 phosphorylation in autophagy initiation complexes and enhanced autophagy. Furthermore, E-2 treatment of HAECs resulted in endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting autophagy and leading to accumulation of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). E-2 inhibited the activation of eNOS and reduced the expression of eNOS protein. In the mouse aortic vascular function test, E-2 disrupted endothelium-dependent vasodilation. An α-SMA-shRNA lentivirus eliminated the disruption to endothelium-dependent vasodilation by E-2. Aspirin inhibited α-SMA accumulation by enhancing autophagy, reversed endothelial functional impairment caused by E-2, and promoted endothelium-dependent vasodilation. SIGNIFICANCE This study provides new evidence that E-2 inhibits autophagy and induces abnormal accumulation of α-SMA, resulting in endothelial cell dysfunction and affecting vasodilation. Aspirin can effectively restore the endothelial cell function disrupted E-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyu Wu
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Siyang Wu
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yingchao Zhu
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiayi Cheng
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shazhou Ye
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yang Xi
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yisheng Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Ningbo Medical Center Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo, China.
| | - Shizhong Bu
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
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162
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Hart NH, Newton RU, Tan J, Rantalainen T, Chivers P, Siafarikas A, Nimphius S. Biological basis of bone strength: anatomy, physiology and measurement. JOURNAL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL & NEURONAL INTERACTIONS 2020; 20:347-371. [PMID: 32877972 PMCID: PMC7493450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how bones are innately designed, robustly developed and delicately maintained through intricate anatomical features and physiological processes across the lifespan is vital to inform our assessment of normal bone health, and essential to aid our interpretation of adverse clinical outcomes affecting bone through primary or secondary causes. Accordingly this review serves to introduce new researchers and clinicians engaging with bone and mineral metabolism, and provide a contemporary update for established researchers or clinicians. Specifically, we describe the mechanical and non-mechanical functions of the skeleton; its multidimensional and hierarchical anatomy (macroscopic, microscopic, organic, inorganic, woven and lamellar features); its cellular and hormonal physiology (deterministic and homeostatic processes that govern and regulate bone); and processes of mechanotransduction, modelling, remodelling and degradation that underpin bone adaptation or maladaptation. In addition, we also explore commonly used methods for measuring bone metabolic activity or material features (imaging or biochemical markers) together with their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas H Hart
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, W.A., Australia
- Institute of Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, W.A., Australia
- Western Australian Bone Research Collaboration, Perth, W.A., Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, W.A., Australia
| | - Robert U Newton
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, W.A., Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, W.A., Australia
| | - Jocelyn Tan
- Institute of Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, W.A., Australia
- Western Australian Bone Research Collaboration, Perth, W.A., Australia
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth, W.A., Australia
| | - Timo Rantalainen
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, W.A., Australia
- Institute of Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, W.A., Australia
- Western Australian Bone Research Collaboration, Perth, W.A., Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, W.A., Australia
- Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Paola Chivers
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, W.A., Australia
- Institute of Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, W.A., Australia
- Western Australian Bone Research Collaboration, Perth, W.A., Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, W.A., Australia
| | - Aris Siafarikas
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, W.A., Australia
- Institute of Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, W.A., Australia
- Western Australian Bone Research Collaboration, Perth, W.A., Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth Childrens Hospital, Perth, W.A., Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, W.A., Australia
| | - Sophia Nimphius
- Western Australian Bone Research Collaboration, Perth, W.A., Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, W.A., Australia
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163
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Shu Q, Shao Y, Liu R, Hu Y, Peng Z, Tian J. Mechanisms by which electroacupuncture‑mediated histone acetylation mitigates bone loss in rats with ovariectomy‑induced osteoporosis. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:3453-3463. [PMID: 32945471 PMCID: PMC7453644 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of electroacupuncture (EA) on ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic rats to elucidate potential mechanisms by which EA regulates acetylation of histones in caput femoris. A total of 40 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into four groups: Sham operation, ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis (OVX), EA and 17β-estradiol (E2) treatments. After 8 weeks of intervention, the trabecular morphology of each group was measured by micro-computed tomography. Biomarkers of bone metabolism in serum were detected. The protein expression of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), histone H3, Ac-histone H3 and downstream cytokines involved in osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation were detected. The results showed that EA and E2 both prevented bone loss and improved trabecular morphology in OVX rats. EA was found to suppress the protein expression of HDAC2 and promoted the acetylation of histone H3 compared with the OVX model group. The results indicated that EA promoted the differentiation of osteoblasts, and suppressed that of osteoclasts, thereby improving the trabecular morphology. E2 was shown to regulate the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand without modulating the expression of HDAC2, and therefore diverged mechanistically from EA. Overall, the results of the present study suggested that the mechanisms through which EA improved bone mineral density and trabecular morphology may involve the modulation of histone H3 acetylation and regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Shu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yuwei Shao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Ruolan Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Peng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Jun Tian
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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164
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Wu GJ, Chen JT, Lin PI, Cherng YG, Yang ST, Chen RM. Inhibition of the estrogen receptor alpha signaling delays bone regeneration and alters osteoblast maturation, energy metabolism, and angiogenesis. Life Sci 2020; 258:118195. [PMID: 32781073 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The estrogen-ERα axis participates in osteoblast maturation. This study was designed to further evaluated the roles of the estrogen-ERα axis in bone healing and the possible mechanisms. MAIN METHODS Female ICR mice were created a metaphyseal bone defect in the left femurs and administered with methylpiperidinopyrazole (MPP), an inhibitor of ERα. Bone healing was evaluated using micro-computed tomography. Colocalization of ERα with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and ERα translocation to mitochondria were determined. Levels of ERα, ERβ, PECAM-1, VEGF, and β-actin were immunodetected. Expression of chromosomal Runx2, ALP, and osteocalcin mRNAs and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COX) I and COXII mRNAs were quantified. Angiogenesis was measured with immunohistochemistry. KEY FINDINGS Following surgery, the bone mass was time-dependently augmented in the bone-defect area. Simultaneously, levels of ERα were specifically upregulated and positively correlated with bone healing. Administration of MPP to mice consistently decreased levels of ERα and bone healing. As to the mechanisms, osteogenesis was enhanced in bone healing, but MPP attenuated osteoblast maturation. In parallel, expressions of osteogenesis-related ALP, Runx2, and osteocalcin mRNAs were induced in the injured zone. Treatment with MPP led to significant inhibition of the alp, runx2, and osteocalcin gene expressions. Remarkably, administration of MPP lessened translocation of ERα to mitochondria and expressions of mitochondrial energy production-related coxI and coxII genes. Furthermore, exposure to MPP decreased levels of PECAM-1 and VEGF in the bone-defect area. SIGNIFICANCE The present study showed the contributions of the estrogen-ERα axis to bone healing through stimulation of energy production, osteoblast maturation, and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong-Jhe Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Tai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-I Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Giun Cherng
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Tai Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Ming Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Anesthesiology and Health Policy Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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165
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Association between Bone Metabolism and Vestibular Problems in the Modified Romberg Test: Data from the 2009-2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082415. [PMID: 32731479 PMCID: PMC7466128 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis contributes to the occurrence of falling and vestibular problems, particularly in elderly patients. This study aimed to investigate the association between bone metabolism with vestibular problems and falling. A total of 4054 participants of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2009 to 2010 aged ≥50 years old were surveyed on their history of falling, vestibular problems evaluated by the modified Romberg test, variables involving bone metabolism, and serum levels of vitamin D and alkaline phosphatase. They also underwent dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The crude (simple) and adjusted odd ratios (ORs) of variables involving bone metabolism for vestibular problems in the modified Romberg test and falling were analyzed using a logistic regression model. A subgroup analysis was performed according to sex and the presence of menopause in females. Vestibular problems in the modified Romberg test group but not the falling group were associated with decreased serum vitamin D levels (p < 0.001; odds ratio (OR) = 0.951; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.926-0.976). In subgroup analysis according to sex, the post-menopause group showed a higher rate of vestibular problems in the modified Romberg test compared to the pre-menopause group (4.5% vs. 0.7%, p = 0.019). In the post-menopause group, osteoporosis was positively associated with vestibular problems in the modified Romberg test (p = 0.001, OR = 10.971, 95% CI = 2.650-45.414). On the other hand, a history of hormone replacement therapy was negatively related with vestibular problems in this subgroup (p = 0.035; OR = 0.473; 95% CI = 0.239-0.948). A decrease in serum vitamin D levels may impact the vestibular system through neural signaling or by osteoporotic changes of the otic capsule, as well as otolith particles. Decreased estrogen levels in postmenopausal women may make them more prone to osteoporotic changes, which were associated with vestibular problems in the modified Romberg test. Because this is a cross-sectional study, the causal relationship of bone metabolism with vestibular function needs to be investigated.
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166
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A non-invasive far-red light-induced split-Cre recombinase system for controllable genome engineering in mice. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3708. [PMID: 32709899 PMCID: PMC7381682 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17530-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cre-loxP recombination system is a powerful tool for genetic manipulation. However, there are widely recognized limitations with chemically inducible Cre-loxP systems, and the UV and blue-light induced systems have phototoxicity and minimal capacity for deep tissue penetration. Here, we develop a far-red light-induced split Cre-loxP system (FISC system) based on a bacteriophytochrome optogenetic system and split-Cre recombinase, enabling optogenetical regulation of genome engineering in vivo solely by utilizing a far-red light (FRL). The FISC system exhibits low background and no detectable photocytotoxicity, while offering efficient FRL-induced DNA recombination. Our in vivo studies showcase the strong organ-penetration capacity of FISC system, markedly outperforming two blue-light-based Cre systems for recombination induction in the liver. Demonstrating its strong clinical relevance, we successfully deploy a FISC system using adeno-associated virus (AAV) delivery. Thus, the FISC system expands the optogenetic toolbox for DNA recombination to achieve spatiotemporally controlled, non-invasive genome engineering in living systems. Current light-inducible Cre-loxP systems have minimal capacity for deep tissue penetration. Here, the authors present a far-red light-induced split Cre-loxP system for in vivo genome engineering.
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167
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Kim HN, Ponte F, Nookaew I, Ucer Ozgurel S, Marques-Carvalho A, Iyer S, Warren A, Aykin-Burns N, Krager K, Sardao VA, Han L, de Cabo R, Zhao H, Jilka RL, Manolagas SC, Almeida M. Estrogens decrease osteoclast number by attenuating mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production in early osteoclast precursors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11933. [PMID: 32686739 PMCID: PMC7371870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68890-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of estrogens at menopause is a major cause of osteoporosis and increased fracture risk. Estrogens protect against bone loss by decreasing osteoclast number through direct actions on cells of the myeloid lineage. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism of this effect. We report that 17β-estradiol (E2) decreased osteoclast number by promoting the apoptosis of early osteoclast progenitors, but not mature osteoclasts. This effect was abrogated in cells lacking Bak/Bax-two pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family of proteins required for mitochondrial apoptotic death. FasL has been previously implicated in the pro-apoptotic actions of E2. However, we show herein that FasL-deficient mice lose bone mass following ovariectomy indistinguishably from FasL-intact controls, indicating that FasL is not a major contributor to the anti-osteoclastogenic actions of estrogens. Instead, using microarray analysis we have elucidated that ERα-mediated estrogen signaling in osteoclast progenitors decreases "oxidative phosphorylation" and the expression of mitochondria complex I genes. Additionally, E2 decreased the activity of complex I and oxygen consumption rate. Similar to E2, the complex I inhibitor Rotenone decreased osteoclastogenesis by promoting osteoclast progenitor apoptosis via Bak/Bax. These findings demonstrate that estrogens decrease osteoclast number by attenuating respiration, and thereby, promoting mitochondrial apoptotic death of early osteoclast progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Neui Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St. #587, Little Rock, 72205-7199, USA
| | - Filipa Ponte
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St. #587, Little Rock, 72205-7199, USA
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Serra Ucer Ozgurel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St. #587, Little Rock, 72205-7199, USA
| | - Adriana Marques-Carvalho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Srividhya Iyer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Aaron Warren
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St. #587, Little Rock, 72205-7199, USA
| | - Nukhet Aykin-Burns
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Kimberly Krager
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Vilma A Sardao
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Li Han
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St. #587, Little Rock, 72205-7199, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Haibo Zhao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St. #587, Little Rock, 72205-7199, USA
| | - Robert L Jilka
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St. #587, Little Rock, 72205-7199, USA
| | - Stavros C Manolagas
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St. #587, Little Rock, 72205-7199, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA.,Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Maria Almeida
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St. #587, Little Rock, 72205-7199, USA. .,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA. .,Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
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168
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Dashnyam K, Bayaraa O, Mandakhbayar N, Park JH, Lee JH, Jang TS, Luvsan K, Kim HW. Nanoscale Calcium Salt-Based Formulations As Potential Therapeutics for Osteoporosis. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4604-4613. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Khandmaa Dashnyam
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
- Drug Research Institute, Mongolian University of Pharmaceutical Science, Ulaanbaatar 14250, Mongolia
| | - Oyunchimeg Bayaraa
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
- Drug Research Institute, Mongolian University of Pharmaceutical Science, Ulaanbaatar 14250, Mongolia
| | - Nandin Mandakhbayar
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hui Park
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
| | - Tae-Su Jang
- Department of Pre-medi., College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, South Korea
| | - Khurelbaatar Luvsan
- Drug Research Institute, Mongolian University of Pharmaceutical Science, Ulaanbaatar 14250, Mongolia
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, South Korea
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169
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Deshet-Unger N, Kolomansky A, Ben-Califa N, Hiram-Bab S, Gilboa D, Liron T, Ibrahim M, Awida Z, Gorodov A, Oster HS, Mittelman M, Rauner M, Wielockx B, Gabet Y, Neumann D. Erythropoietin receptor in B cells plays a role in bone remodeling in mice. Theranostics 2020; 10:8744-8756. [PMID: 32754275 PMCID: PMC7392011 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a key regulator of erythropoiesis. However, EPO receptors (EPO-Rs) are also expressed on non-erythroid cell types, including myeloid and bone cells. Immune cells also participate in bone homeostasis. B cells produce receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), two pivotal regulators of bone metabolism. Here we explored the ability of B cells to transdifferentiate into functional osteoclasts and examined the role of EPO in this process in a murine model. Methods: We have combined specifically-designed experimental mouse models and in vitro based osteoclastogenesis assays, as well as PCR analysis of gene expression. Results: (i) EPO treatment in vivo increased RANKL expression in bone marrow (BM) B cells, suggesting a paracrine effect on osteoclastogenesis; (ii) B cell-derived osteoclastogenesis occured in vivo and in vitro, as demonstrated by B cell lineage tracing in murine models; (iii) B-cell-derived osteoclastogenesis in vitro was restricted to Pro-B cells expressing CD115/CSF1-R and is enhanced by EPO; (iv) EPO treatment increased the number of B-cell-derived preosteoclasts (β3+CD115+), suggesting a physiological rationale for B cell derived osteoclastogenesis; (v) finally, mice with conditional EPO-R knockdown in the B cell lineage (cKD) displayed a higher cortical and trabecular bone mass. Moreover, cKD displayed attenuated EPO-driven trabecular bone loss, an effect that was observed despite the fact that cKD mice attained higher hemoglobin levels following EPO treatment. Conclusions: Our work highlights B cells as an important extra-erythropoietic target of EPO-EPO-R signaling and suggests their involvement in the regulation of bone homeostasis and possibly in EPO-stimulated erythropoietic response. Importantly, we present here for the first time, histological evidence for B cell-derived osteoclastogenesis in vivo.
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170
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Dalla Volta A, Mazziotti G, Maffezzoni F, Grisanti S, Palumbo C, Pedersini R, Maroldi R, Berruti A. Bone Mineral Density and FRAX Score May Not Predict Fracture Risk in Patients With Cancer Undergoing Hormone Deprivation Therapies. J Clin Oncol 2020; 38:3363-3366. [PMID: 32603244 DOI: 10.1200/jco.20.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Dalla Volta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Medical Oncology, University of Brescia at ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gherardo Mazziotti
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Bone Diseases and Osteoporosis Section, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Maffezzoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Medical Oncology, University of Brescia at ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Grisanti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Medical Oncology, University of Brescia at ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carlotta Palumbo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Urology, University of Brescia at ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rebecca Pedersini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Medical Oncology, University of Brescia at ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Maroldi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Unit of Radiology, University of Brescia at ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alfredo Berruti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Medical Oncology, University of Brescia at ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
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171
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Bafna D, Ban F, Rennie PS, Singh K, Cherkasov A. Computer-Aided Ligand Discovery for Estrogen Receptor Alpha. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4193. [PMID: 32545494 PMCID: PMC7352601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BCa) is one of the most predominantly diagnosed cancers in women. Notably, 70% of BCa diagnoses are Estrogen Receptor α positive (ERα+) making it a critical therapeutic target. With that, the two subtypes of ER, ERα and ERβ, have contrasting effects on BCa cells. While ERα promotes cancerous activities, ERβ isoform exhibits inhibitory effects on the same. ER-directed small molecule drug discovery for BCa has provided the FDA approved drugs tamoxifen, toremifene, raloxifene and fulvestrant that all bind to the estrogen binding site of the receptor. These ER-directed inhibitors are non-selective in nature and may eventually induce resistance in BCa cells as well as increase the risk of endometrial cancer development. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel drugs with alternative ERα targeting mechanisms that can overcome the limitations of conventional anti-ERα therapies. Several functional sites on ERα, such as Activation Function-2 (AF2), DNA binding domain (DBD), and F-domain, have been recently considered as potential targets in the context of drug research and discovery. In this review, we summarize methods of computer-aided drug design (CADD) that have been employed to analyze and explore potential targetable sites on ERα, discuss recent advancement of ERα inhibitor development, and highlight the potential opportunities and challenges of future ERα-directed drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Artem Cherkasov
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; (D.B.); (F.B.); (P.S.R.); (K.S.)
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Ohlsson C, Farman HH, Gustafsson KL, Wu J, Henning P, Windahl SH, Sjögren K, Gustafsson JÅ, Movérare-Skrtic S, Lagerquist MK. The effects of estradiol are modulated in a tissue-specific manner in mice with inducible inactivation of ERα after sexual maturation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E646-E654. [PMID: 32125882 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00018.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mouse models with lifelong inactivation of estrogen receptor-α (ERα) show that ERα is the main mediator of estrogenic effects in bone, thymus, uterus, and fat. However, ERα inactivation early in life may cause developmental effects that confound the adult phenotypes. To address the specific role of adult ERα expression for estrogenic effects in bone and other nonskeletal tissues, we established a tamoxifen-inducible ERα-inactivated model by crossing CAGG-Cre-ER and ERαflox/flox mice. Tamoxifen-induced ERα inactivation after sexual maturation substantially reduced ERα mRNA levels in cortical bone, trabecular bone, thymus, uterus, gonadal fat, and hypothalamus, in CAGG-Cre-ERαflox/flox (inducible ERαKO) compared with ERαflox/flox (control) mice. 17β-estradiol (E2) treatment increased trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV), cortical bone area, and uterine weight, while it reduced thymus weight and fat mass in ovariectomized control mice. The estrogenic responses were substantially reduced in inducible ERαKO mice compared with control mice on BV/TV (-67%), uterine weight (-94%), thymus weight (-70%), and gonadal fat mass (-94%). In contrast, the estrogenic response on cortical bone area was unaffected in inducible ERαKO compared with control mice. In conclusion, using an inducible ERαKO model, not confounded by lack of ERα during development, we demonstrate that ERα expression in sexually mature female mice is required for normal E2 responses in most, but not all, tissues. The finding that cortical, but not trabecular bone, responds normally to E2 treatment in inducible ERαKO mice strengthens the idea of cortical and trabecular bone being regulated by estrogen via different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helen H Farman
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin L Gustafsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jianyao Wu
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petra Henning
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sara H Windahl
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Klara Sjögren
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Novum, Sweden
| | - Sofia Movérare-Skrtic
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marie K Lagerquist
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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173
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Hamdaoui L, Oudadesse H, Lefeuvre B, Mahmoud A, Naifer M, Badraoui R, Ayadi F, Rebai T. Sub-chronic exposure to Kalach 360 SL, Glyphosate-based Herbicide, induced bone rarefaction in female Wistar rats. Toxicology 2020; 436:152412. [PMID: 32145347 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of Kalach 360 SL (KL), Glyphosate (G)-based herbicide, on bone tissue in different groups of female Wistar rats. Group 1 (n = 6) received a standard diet and served as a control, groups 2 and 3 (n = 6 each) received 0.07 ml (D1: 126 mg/Kg) and 0.175 ml (D2: 315 mg/Kg) of KL dissolved in the water for 60 days. The plasma was used to examine the metabolic balance markers (calcium, phosphorus, phosphatase alkaline (PAL), and vitamin D (vit D) and hormonal status (oestrogen and thyroid hormones). As a result, sub-chronic exposure to KL induced a perturbation of bone metabolism (calcium and phosphorus) and hormonal status disturbance. The histological and immunohistochemical study of the thyroid gland revealed a disturbance in morphological structure and thyroid cells function. Moreover, the KL disrupting eff ;ect on thyroid function was investigated by measuring changes in plasma levels of thyroid hormones. Free triiodothyronine (FT3) and thyroxine (FT4) were decreased in female rats breast-fed from rats treated with D and D2 of KL. This eff ;ect was associated with an increase in the plasma level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Thus, that KL leads to hypothyroidism. Decrease in levels of oestrogen and thyroid dysfunction led to a disruption in the skeletal bone. The histological study and SEM in bone results allowed us to observe, in rats exposed to KL, the thinning and discontinuity of bone trabecular with a significant decrease in the number of nodes (intertrabecular links).In conclusion, KL sub-chronic exposure caused an aspect of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Hamdaoui
- Histology-Embryology Laboratory, Sfax Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Hassane Oudadesse
- University of Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6226, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Bertrand Lefeuvre
- University of Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6226, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Asma Mahmoud
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, P.O.Box "1177", Sfax, 3038, Tunisia
| | - Manel Naifer
- Biochemical Laboratory, CHU Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Badraoui
- Histology-Embryology Laboratory, Sfax Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia; Department of Biology, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, KSA; Laboratory of Histo-Embryology and Cytogenetic, Medicine College of Sfax, Sfax University, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia; Laboratory of Histology - Cytology, Medicine College of Tunis, Tunis El-Manar University, 1007 La Rabta-Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ayadi
- Biochemical Laboratory, CHU Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Tunisia
| | - Tarek Rebai
- Histology-Embryology Laboratory, Sfax Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
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174
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Pereira-Eshraghi CF, Chiuzan C, Zhang Y, Tao RH, McCann M, Neugut YD, Printz A, Fennoy I, Cree-Green M, Oberfield SE, Sopher AB. Obesity and Insulin Resistance, Not Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Are Independent Predictors of Bone Mineral Density in Adolescents and Young Women. Horm Res Paediatr 2020; 92:365-371. [PMID: 32348991 PMCID: PMC7308184 DOI: 10.1159/000507079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders that affects females of reproductive age. The characteristic features of PCOS individually have opposing effects on bone mineral density (BMD); however, their cumulative effect on BMD has not been clearly defined. Adolescence and young adulthood span a crucial period in achieving peak bone mass. Thus, a better understanding of the impact of PCOS on BMD in this age group is needed. OBJECTIVES To determine whether BMD is different between young females with PCOS and controls and to identify factors that influence BMD in this population. METHODS Data from four cross-sectional studies with a total of 170 females aged 12-25 years with PCOS (n = 123) and controls (n = 47) with a wide range of BMIs (18.7-53.4 kg/m2) were analyzed. Participants had fasting glucose, insulin, and free and total testosterone concentrations measured. HOMA-IR was calculated. Whole-body BMD was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Multiple regression analysis for predicting BMD included PCOS status, menstrual age, obesity, HOMA-IR, and free testosterone. RESULTS HOMA-IR and total and free testosterone were significantly higher in PCOS compared to controls but there was no difference in BMD z-score between PCOS (0.8 ± 1.0) and controls (0.6 ± 1.0) (p = 0.36). Obesity (p = 0.03) and HOMA-IR (p = 0.02) were associated with BMD z-score. CONCLUSIONS Obesity status and insulin resistance, but not PCOS status, were each independently associated with BMD in adolescents and young women who spanned a wide range of BMIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila F Pereira-Eshraghi
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA,
| | - Codruta Chiuzan
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rachel H Tao
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Matthew McCann
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Y Dana Neugut
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alison Printz
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ilene Fennoy
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Melanie Cree-Green
- Center for Women's Health Research, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sharon E Oberfield
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aviva B Sopher
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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175
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Zhang Y, Luo G, Yu X. Cellular Communication in Bone Homeostasis and the Related Anti-osteoporotic Drug Development. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1151-1169. [PMID: 30068268 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180801145614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background:Intercellular crosstalk among osteoblast, osteoclast, osteocyte and chondrocyte is involved in the precise control of bone homeostasis. Disruption of this cellular and molecular signaling would lead to metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis. Currently a number of anti-osteoporosis interventions are restricted by side effects, complications and long-term intolerance. This review aims to summarize the bone cellular communication involved in bone remodeling and its usage to develop new drugs for osteoporosis. Methods:We searched PubMed for publications from 1 January 1980 to 1 January 2018 to identify relevant and latest literatures, evaluation and prospect of osteoporosis medication were summarized. Detailed search terms were 'osteoporosis', 'osteocyte', 'osteoblast', 'osteoclast', 'bone remodeling', 'chondrocyte', 'osteoporosis treatment', 'osteoporosis therapy', 'bisphosphonates', 'denosumab', 'Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM)', 'PTH', 'romosozumab', 'dkk-1 antagonist', 'strontium ranelate'. Results:A total of 170 papers were included in the review. About 80 papers described bone cell interactions involved in bone remodeling. The remaining papers were focused on the novel advanced and new horizons in osteoporosis therapies. Conclusion:There exists a complex signal network among bone cells involved in bone remodeling. The disorder of cell-cell communications may be the underlying mechanism of osteoporosis. Current anti-osteoporosis therapies are effective but accompanied by certain drawbacks simultaneously. Restoring the abnormal signal network and individualized therapy are critical for ideal drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guojing Luo
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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176
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Tsuchiya K, Umeno T, Tsuji G, Yokoo H, Tanaka M, Fukuhara K, Demizu Y, Misawa T. Development of Photoswitchable Estrogen Receptor Ligands. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2020; 68:398-402. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Tsuchiya
- Graduate School of Pharmacy, Showa University
- National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Tomohiro Umeno
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | | | - Hidetomo Yokoo
- National Institute of Health Sciences
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University
| | | | | | - Yosuke Demizu
- National Institute of Health Sciences
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University
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177
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LaCombe JM, Roper RJ. Skeletal dynamics of Down syndrome: A developing perspective. Bone 2020; 133:115215. [PMID: 31887437 PMCID: PMC7044033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) display distinctive skeletal morphology compared to the general population, but disparate descriptions, methodologies, analyses, and populations sampled have led to diverging conclusions about this unique skeletal phenotype. As individuals with DS are living longer, they may be at a higher risk of aging disorders such as osteoporosis and increased fracture risk. Sexual dimorphism has been suggested between males and females with DS in which males, not females, experience an earlier decline in bone mineral density (BMD). Unfortunately, studies focusing on skeletal health related to Trisomy 21 (Ts21) are few in number and often too underpowered to answer questions about skeletal development, resultant osteoporosis, and sexual dimorphism, especially in stages of bone accrual. Further confounding the field are the varied methods of bone imaging, analysis, and data interpretation. This review takes a critical look at the current knowledge of DS skeletal phenotypes, both from human and mouse studies, and presents knowledge gaps that need to be addressed, differences in research methodologies and analyses that affect the interpretation of results, and proposes guidelines for overcoming obstacles to understand skeletal traits associated with DS. By examining our current knowledge of bone in individuals with Ts21, a trajectory for future studies may be established to provide meaningful solutions for understanding the development of and improving skeletal structures in individuals with and without DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M LaCombe
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Randall J Roper
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, United States of America.
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178
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Oral ethinyl estradiol treatment in women with cystic fibrosis is associated with lower bone mineral density. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL ENDOCRINOLOGY 2020; 20:100223. [PMID: 32257821 PMCID: PMC7109452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2020.100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether estrogen supplementation primarily from oral contraceptive pills compared to no estrogen supplementation is associated with differences in mean bone mineral density (BMD) measured by DXA in a cross-sectional study of women with cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods In this cross-sectional study of women with CF followed at a single center, we analyzed 49 women with CF ages 18–50 years with a documented DXA. BMD of women with CF taking estrogen supplementation was compared to BMD of women with CF not taking estrogen supplementation. Results Twelve women with CF were taking estrogen supplementation with mean dose of 23.3 mcg/day (SD 6.9 mcg/day) of ethinyl estradiol. There were no statistically significant differences between demographics of the 12 women with CF taking estrogen supplementation compared to the 37 women with CF not taking estrogen supplementation. Women taking estrogen had lower mean lumbar spine Z-score: −0.7 ± 0.7, compared to women not taking estrogen, Z-score: −0.04 ± 1.0 (p-value 0.046). Women taking estrogen had lower mean BMD at the lumbar spine: 0.952 ± 0.086 g/cm2, compared to women not taking estrogen: 1.023 ± 0.105 g/cm2 (p-value 0.038). Similar trends were seen at the total hip and femoral neck. Conclusion Low-dose estrogen supplementation in premenopausal women with CF was associated with lower BMD compared to no estrogen supplementation in a similar group of premenopausal young women with CF. Future studies are needed to investigate the optimal formulation, route of administration, and dose to accrue and preserve bone mass in premenopausal women with CF.
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179
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Breast-Specific Gamma Imaging with [ 99mTc]Tc-Sestamibi: An In Vivo Analysis for Early Identification of Breast Cancer Lesions Expressing Bone Biomarkers. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030747. [PMID: 32164267 PMCID: PMC7141303 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of this pilot investigation was to evaluate the possible relationship among [99mTc]Tc-Sestamibi uptake, the presence of breast osteoblast-like cells, and the expression of molecules involved in bone metabolism, such as estrogen receptor, bone morphogenetic proteins-2, and PTX3. To this end, forty consecutive breast cancer patients who underwent both breast-specific gamma imaging with [99mTc]Tc-Sestamibi and breast bioptic procedure were retrospectively enrolled. From each diagnostic paraffin block collected in the study, histological diagnosis, immunohistochemical investigations, and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis were performed. Our data highlight the possible use of breast-specific gamma imaging with [99mTc]Tc-Sestamibi for the early detection of breast cancer lesions expressing bone biomarkers in the presence of breast osteoblast-like cells. Specifically, we show a linear association among sestamibi uptake, the presence of breast osteoblast-like cells, and the expression of estrogen receptor, bone morphogenetics proteins-2, and PTX3. Notably, we also observed an increase of [99mTc]Tc-Sestamibi in breast cancer lesions with magnesium-substituted hydroxyapatite. In conclusion, in this pilot study we evaluated data from the nuclear medicine unit and anatomic pathology department on breast cancer osteotropism, identifying a new possible interpretation of Breast Specific Gamma Imaging with [99mTc]Tc-Sestamibi analysis.
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180
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Chau YP, Au PCM, Li GHY, Sing CW, Cheng VKF, Tan KCB, Kung AWC, Cheung CL. Serum Metabolome of Coffee Consumption and its Association With Bone Mineral Density: The Hong Kong Osteoporosis Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5637088. [PMID: 31750515 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inconsistent associations between coffee consumption and bone mineral density (BMD) have been observed in epidemiological studies. Moreover, the relationship of bioactive components in coffee with BMD has not been studied. The aim of the current study is to identify coffee-associated metabolites and evaluate their association with BMD. METHODS Two independent cohorts totaling 564 healthy community-dwelling adults from the Hong Kong Osteoporosis Study (HKOS) who visited in 2001-2010 (N = 329) and 2015-2016 (N = 235) were included. Coffee consumption was self-reported in an food frequency questionnaire. Untargeted metabolomic profiling on fasting serum samples was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry platforms. BMD at lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Multivariable linear regression and robust regression were used for the association analyses. RESULTS 12 serum metabolites were positively correlated with coffee consumption after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (P < 4.87 × 10-5), with quinate, 3-hydroxypyridine sulfate, and trigonelline (N'-methylnicotinate) showing the strongest association. Among these metabolites, 11 known metabolites were previously identified to be associated with coffee intake and 6 of them were related to caffeine metabolism. Habitual coffee intake was positively and significantly associated with BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck. The metabolite 5-acetylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil (AFMU) (β = 0.012, SE = 0.005; P = 0.013) was significantly associated with BMD at the lumbar spine, whereas 3-hydroxyhippurate (β = 0.007, SE = 0.003, P = 0.027) and trigonelline (β = 0.007, SE = 0.004; P = 0.043) were significantly associated with BMD at the femoral neck. CONCLUSIONS 12 metabolites were significantly associated with coffee intake, including 6 caffeine metabolites. Three of them (AFMU, 3-hydroxyhippurate, and trigonelline) were further associated with BMD. These metabolites could be potential biomarkers of coffee consumption and affect bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Pan Chau
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Philip C M Au
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gloria H Y Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chor-Wing Sing
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vincent K F Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kathryn C B Tan
- Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Annie W C Kung
- Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ching-Lung Cheung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Genomic Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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181
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Macías I, Alcorta-Sevillano N, Rodríguez CI, Infante A. Osteoporosis and the Potential of Cell-Based Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051653. [PMID: 32121265 PMCID: PMC7084428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, the most common chronic metabolic bone disease, is characterized by low bone mass and increased bone fragility. Nowadays more than 200 million individuals are suffering from osteoporosis and still the number of affected people is dramatically increasing due to an aging population and longer life, representing a major public health problem. Current osteoporosis treatments are mainly designed to decrease bone resorption, presenting serious adverse effects that limit their safety for long-term use. Numerous studies with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have helped to increase the knowledge regarding the mechanisms that underlie the progression of osteoporosis. Emerging clinical and molecular evidence suggests that inflammation exerts a significant influence on bone turnover, thereby on osteoporosis. In this regard, MSCs have proven to possess broad immunoregulatory capabilities, modulating both adaptive and innate immunity. Here, we will discuss the role that MSCs play in the etiopathology of osteoporosis and their potential use for the treatment of this disease.
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182
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Ackerman KE, Singhal V, Slattery M, Eddy KT, Bouxsein ML, Lee H, Klibanski A, Misra M. Effects of Estrogen Replacement on Bone Geometry and Microarchitecture in Adolescent and Young Adult Oligoamenorrheic Athletes: A Randomized Trial. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:248-260. [PMID: 31603998 PMCID: PMC7064307 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Oligoamenorrheic athletes (OAs) have lower bone mineral density (BMD) and greater impairment of bone microarchitecture, and therefore higher fracture rates compared to eumenorrheic athletes. Although improvements in areal BMD (aBMD; measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) in OAs have been demonstrated with transdermal estrogen treatment, effects of such treatment on bone microarchitecture are unknown. Here we explore effects of transdermal versus oral estrogen versus no estrogen on bone microarchitecture in OA. Seventy-five OAs (ages 14 to 25 years) were randomized to (i) a 100-μg 17β-estradiol transdermal patch (PATCH) administered continuously with 200 mg cyclic oral micronized progesterone; (ii) a combined 30 μg ethinyl estradiol and 0.15 mg desogestrel pill (PILL); or (iii) no estrogen/progesterone (NONE) and were followed for 12 months. Calcium (≥1200 mg) and vitamin D (800 IU) supplements were provided to all. Bone microarchitecture was assessed using high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT at the distal tibia and radius at baseline and 1 year. At baseline, randomization groups did not differ by age, body mass index, percent body fat, duration of amenorrhea, vitamin D levels, BMD, or bone microarchitecture measurements. After 1 year of treatment, at the distal tibia there were significantly greater increases in total and trabecular volumetric BMD (vBMD), cortical area and thickness, and trabecular number in the PATCH versus PILL groups. Trabecular area decreased significantly in the PATCH group versus the PILL and NONE groups. Less robust differences between groups were seen at the distal radius, where percent change in cortical area and thickness was significantly greater in the PATCH versus PILL and NONE groups, and changes in cortical vBMD were significantly greater in the PATCH versus PILL groups. In conclusion, in young OAs, bone structural parameters show greater improvement after 1 year of treatment with transdermal 17β-estradiol versus ethinyl estradiol-containing pills, particularly at the tibia. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Ackerman
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vibha Singhal
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meghan Slattery
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kamryn T Eddy
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary L Bouxsein
- Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hang Lee
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne Klibanski
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Madhusmita Misra
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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183
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Russo V, Chen R, Armamento-Villareal R. Hypogonadism, Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Bone Health: A Narrative Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:607240. [PMID: 33537005 PMCID: PMC7848021 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.607240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the complications from chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance due to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in men is the high prevalence of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH). Both T2DM and hypogonadism are associated with impaired bone health and increased fracture risk but whether the combination results in even worse bone disease than either one alone is not well-studied. It is possible that having both conditions predisposes men to an even greater risk for fracture than either one alone. Given the common occurrence of HH or hypogonadism in general in T2DM, a significant number of men could be at risk. To date, there is very little information on the bone health men with both hypogonadism and T2DM. Insulin resistance, which is the primary defect in T2DM, is associated with low testosterone (T) levels in men and may play a role in the bidirectional relationship between these two conditions, which together may portend a worse outcome for bone. The present manuscript aims to review the available evidences on the effect of the combination of hypogonadism and T2DM on bone health and metabolic profile, highlights the possible metabolic role of the skeleton, and examines the pathways involved in the interplay between bone, insulin resistance, and gonadal steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Russo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rui Chen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Reina Armamento-Villareal
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Reina Armamento-Villareal,
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184
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Tsuji G, Demizu Y, Naganuma M, Yokoo H, Misawa T, Matsuno K. Design and Synthesis of 4-(2-Pyrrolyl)-4-phenylheptane Derivatives as Estrogen Receptor Antagonists. HETEROCYCLES 2020. [DOI: 10.3987/com-19-14121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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185
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Estrogenic biological activity and underlying molecular mechanisms of green tea constituents. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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186
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187
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Jenkins M, Hart NH, Nimphius S, Chivers P, Rantalainen T, Rothacker KM, Beck BR, Weeks BK, McIntyre F, Hands B, Beeson BP, Siafarikas A. Characterisation of peripheral bone mineral density in youth at risk of secondary osteoporosis - a preliminary insight. JOURNAL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL & NEURONAL INTERACTIONS 2020; 20:27-52. [PMID: 32131368 PMCID: PMC7104582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe peripheral long bone material and structural differences in youth at risk of secondary osteoporosis across disease-specific profiles. METHODS Upper- and lower limbs of children and adolescents were scanned at 4% distal and 66% mid-shaft sites using peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography sub-categorised as (1) increased risk of secondary osteoporosis (neuromuscular disorders; chronic diseases; endocrine diseases; inborn errors of metabolism; iatrogenic conditions), (2) low motor competence and (3) non-affected controls. RESULTS Children with disease-specific profiles showed a range of bone deficits compared to the control group with these predominantly indicated for neuromuscular disorders, chronic diseases and low motor competence. Deficits between upper arm and lower leg long bone parameters were different for disease-specific profiles compared to the control group. Endocortical radius, muscle area, and mid-cortical ring density were not significantly different for any disease-specific profile compared to the control group for any bone sites. CONCLUSIONS Neuromuscular disorders, chronic diseases and low motor competence have a strong correlation to bone health for appendicular bone parameters in youth, suggesting a critical mechanical loading influence which may differ specific to disease profile. As mechanical loading effects are observed in regional bone analyses, targeted exercise interventions to improve bone strength should be implemented to examine if this is effective in reducing the risk of secondary osteoporosis in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Jenkins
- School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, W.A., Australia,Western Australian Bone Research Collaboration, Perth, W.A., Australia
| | - Nicolas H. Hart
- School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, W.A., Australia,Western Australian Bone Research Collaboration, Perth, W.A., Australia,Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth, W.A., Australia,Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, W.A., Australia,Corresponding author: Dr Nicolas H. Hart - PhD, AES, CSCS, ESSAM, Senior Research Fellow, Exercise Medicine Research Institute. Building 21, Room 222 - Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, JOONDALUP, Perth, W.A., Australia E-mail:
| | - Sophia Nimphius
- School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, W.A., Australia,Western Australian Bone Research Collaboration, Perth, W.A., Australia
| | - Paola Chivers
- School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, W.A., Australia,Western Australian Bone Research Collaboration, Perth, W.A., Australia,Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth, W.A., Australia,Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, W.A., Australia
| | - Timo Rantalainen
- School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, W.A., Australia,Western Australian Bone Research Collaboration, Perth, W.A., Australia,Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth, W.A., Australia,Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, W.A., Australia,Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Karen M. Rothacker
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth, W.A., Australia,Keogh Institute for Medical Research, Perth, W.A., Australia,Telethon Kids Institute for Child Health Research, Perth, W.A., Australia
| | - Belinda R. Beck
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Bone Densitometry Research Laboratory, School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Benjamin K. Weeks
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Bone Densitometry Research Laboratory, School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Fleur McIntyre
- Western Australian Bone Research Collaboration, Perth, W.A., Australia,School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth, W.A., Australia
| | - Beth Hands
- Western Australian Bone Research Collaboration, Perth, W.A., Australia,Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth, W.A., Australia
| | - Brendan P. Beeson
- Department of Medical Imaging, Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth, W.A., Australia
| | - Aris Siafarikas
- School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, W.A., Australia,Western Australian Bone Research Collaboration, Perth, W.A., Australia,Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth, W.A., Australia,Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, W.A., Australia,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth, W.A., Australia,Telethon Kids Institute for Child Health Research, Perth, W.A., Australia,University of Western Australia, Medical School, Division of Paediatrics, Perth, W.A., Australia
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188
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Frame G, Bretland KA, Dengler-Crish CM. Mechanistic complexities of bone loss in Alzheimer's disease: a review. Connect Tissue Res 2020; 61:4-18. [PMID: 31184223 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2019.1624734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose/Aim: Alzheimer's disease (AD), the primary cause of dementia in the elderly, is one of the leading age-related neurodegenerative diseases worldwide. While AD is notorious for destroying memory and cognition, dementia patients also experience greater incidence of bone loss and skeletal fracture than age-matched neurotypical individuals, greatly impacting their quality of life. Despite the significance of this comorbidity, there is no solid understanding of the mechanisms driving early bone loss in AD. Here, we review studies that have evaluated many of the obvious risk factors shared by dementia and osteoporosis, and illuminate emerging work investigating covert pathophysiological mechanisms shared between the disorders that may have potential as new risk biomarkers or therapeutic targets in AD.Conclusions: Skeletal deficits emerge very early in clinical Alzheimer's progression, and cannot be explained by coincident factors such as aging, female sex, mobility status, falls, or genetics. While research in this area is still in its infancy, studies implicate several potential mechanisms in disrupting skeletal homeostasis that include direct effects of amyloid-beta pathology on bone cells, neurofibrillary tau-induced damage to neural centers regulating skeletal remodeling, and/or systemic Wnt/Beta-catenin signaling deficits. Data from an increasing number of studies substantiate a role for the newly discovered "exercise hormone" irisin and its protein precursor FNDC5 in bone loss and AD-associated neurodegeneration. We conclude that the current status of research on bone loss in AD is insufficient and merits critical attention because this work could uncover novel diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities desperately needed to address AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Frame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Katie A Bretland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.,Integrated Pharmaceutical Medicine Program, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
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189
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Dirkes RK, Winn NC, Jurrissen TJ, Lubahn DB, Vieira-Potter VJ, Padilla J, Hinton PS. Global estrogen receptor-α knockout has differential effects on cortical and cancellous bone in aged male mice. Facets (Ott) 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2019-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-α knockout (ERKO) in female rodents results in bone loss associated with increased osteocyte sclerostin expression; whether this also occurs in males is unknown. Here, we examined the effects of ERKO on femoral cortical geometry, trabecular microarchitecture, and osteocyte sclerostin expression of the femur and lumbar vertebrae. At 14 months of age, male ERKO and wild-type (WT) littermates ( n = 6 per group) were sacrificed, and femora and vertebra were collected. Cortical geometry and trabecular microarchitecture were assessed via micro-computed tomography; osteocyte sclerostin expression was assessed via immunohistochemistry. ANCOVA with body weight was used to compare ERKO and WT for cortical geometry; t-tests were used for all other outcomes. Regardless of skeletal site, ERKO mice had greater trabecular bone volume and trabecular number and decreased trabecular separation compared with WT. In the femoral diaphysis, ERKO had lower total area, cortical area, and cortical thickness compared with WT. The percentage of sclerostin+ osteocytes was increased in ERKO animals in cortical bone but not in cancellous bone of the femur or the lumbar vertebrae. In conclusion, ERKO improved trabecular microarchitecture in aged male mice, but negatively altered femoral cortical geometry associated with a trend towards increased cortical sclerostin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K. Dirkes
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, 204 Gwynn Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Nathan C. Winn
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, 204 Gwynn Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Thomas J. Jurrissen
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, 204 Gwynn Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Dennis B. Lubahn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, 117 Schweitzer Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Child Health, University of Missouri, 400 N. Keene Street, Suite 010, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | | | - Jaume Padilla
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, 204 Gwynn Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Child Health, University of Missouri, 400 N. Keene Street, Suite 010, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, 134 Research Park Dr., Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Pamela S. Hinton
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, 204 Gwynn Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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190
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" Bridging the Gap" Everything that Could Have Been Avoided If We Had Applied Gender Medicine, Pharmacogenetics and Personalized Medicine in the Gender-Omics and Sex-Omics Era. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010296. [PMID: 31906252 PMCID: PMC6982247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gender medicine is the first step of personalized medicine and patient-centred care, an essential development to achieve the standard goal of a holistic approach to patients and diseases. By addressing the interrelation and integration of biological markers (i.e., sex) with indicators of psychological/cultural behaviour (i.e., gender), gender medicine represents the crucial assumption for achieving the personalized health-care required in the third millennium. However, ‘sex’ and ‘gender’ are often misused as synonyms, leading to frequent misunderstandings in those who are not deeply involved in the field. Overall, we have to face the evidence that biological, genetic, epigenetic, psycho-social, cultural, and environmental factors mutually interact in defining sex/gender differences, and at the same time in establishing potential unwanted sex/gender disparities. Prioritizing the role of sex/gender in physiological and pathological processes is crucial in terms of efficient prevention, clinical signs’ identification, prognosis definition, and therapy optimization. In this regard, the omics-approach has become a powerful tool to identify sex/gender-specific disease markers, with potential benefits also in terms of socio-psychological wellbeing for each individual, and cost-effectiveness for National Healthcare systems. “Being a male or being a female” is indeed important from a health point of view and it is no longer possible to avoid “sex and gender lens” when approaching patients. Accordingly, personalized healthcare must be based on evidence from targeted research studies aimed at understanding how sex and gender influence health across the entire life span. The rapid development of genetic tools in the molecular medicine approaches and their impact in healthcare is an example of highly specialized applications that have moved from specialists to primary care providers (e.g., pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic applications in routine medical practice). Gender medicine needs to follow the same path and become an established medical approach. To face the genetic, molecular and pharmacological bases of the existing sex/gender gap by means of omics approaches will pave the way to the discovery and identification of novel drug-targets/therapeutic protocols, personalized laboratory tests and diagnostic procedures (sex/gender-omics). In this scenario, the aim of the present review is not to simply resume the state-of-the-art in the field, rather an opportunity to gain insights into gender medicine, spanning from molecular up to social and psychological stances. The description and critical discussion of some key selected multidisciplinary topics considered as paradigmatic of sex/gender differences and sex/gender inequalities will allow to draft and design strategies useful to fill the existing gap and move forward.
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191
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Sabag E, Halperin E, Liron T, Hiram-Bab S, Frenkel B, Gabet Y. Hormone-Independent Sexual Dimorphism in the Regulation of Bone Resorption by Krox20. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:2277-2286. [PMID: 31398266 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Krox20/EGR2 is a zinc finger transcription factor, implicated in the development of the hindbrain, nerve myelination, and tumor suppression. In skeletal biology, we have demonstrated that Krox20 also regulates adult bone metabolism. We and others have characterized several functions of Krox20 in the osteoclast lineage, namely, preosteoclast proliferation and differentiation, and mature osteoclast apoptosis. We have previously reported that systemically Krox20-haploinsufficient mice have a low bone mass with increased bone resorption. However, new data have now revealed that this phenotype is restricted to females. In addition, we discovered that conditional knockout of Krox20 (cKO) restricted to osteoclast progenitors is sufficient to induce the same female-specific bone loss observed in systemic mutants. To test whether this sexual dimorphism results from an interaction between Krox20 and sex hormones, we examined the sex- and hormone-dependent role of Krox20 deficiency on proliferation and apoptosis in osteoclastic cells. Our results indicate that male and female sex hormones (dihydrotestosterone [DHT] and estradiol [E2], respectively) as well as Krox20 inhibit preosteoclast proliferation and augment osteoclast apoptosis. The observation that Krox20 expression is inhibited by DHT and E2 negates the hypothesis that the effect of sex hormones is mediated by an increase in Krox20 expression. Interestingly, the effect of Krox20 deficiency was observed only with cells derived from female animals, regardless of any sex hormones added in vitro. In addition, we have identified sexual dimorphism in the expression of several Krox20-related genes, including NAB2. This sex-specific epigenetic profile was established at puberty, maintained in the absence of sex hormones, and explains the female-specific skeletal importance of Krox20. The findings described in this study emphasize the medical importance of sex differences, which may be determined at the epigenetic level. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Sabag
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Elinor Halperin
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamar Liron
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sahar Hiram-Bab
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Baruch Frenkel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yankel Gabet
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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192
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Sharma AK, Shi X, Isales CM, McGee-Lawrence ME. Endogenous Glucocorticoid Signaling in the Regulation of Bone and Marrow Adiposity: Lessons from Metabolism and Cross Talk in Other Tissues. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2019; 17:438-445. [PMID: 31749087 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-019-00554-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The development of adiposity in the bone marrow, known as marrow adipose tissue (MAT), is often associated with musculoskeletal frailty. Glucocorticoids, which are a key component of the biological response to stress, affect both bone and MAT. These molecules signal through receptors such as the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), but the role of the GR in regulation of MAT is not yet clear from previous studies. The purpose of this review is to establish and determine the role of GR-mediated signaling in marrow adiposity by comparing and contrasting what is known against other energy-storing tissues like adipose tissue, liver, and muscle, to provide better insight into the regulation of MAT during times of metabolic stress (e.g., dietary challenges, aging). RECENT FINDINGS GR-mediated glucocorticoid signaling is critical for proper storage and utilization of lipids in cells such as adipocytes and hepatocytes and proteolysis in muscle, impacting whole-body composition, energy utilization, and homeostasis through a complex network of tissue cross talk between these systems. Loss of GR signaling in bone promotes increased MAT and decreased bone mass. GR-mediated signaling in the liver, adipose tissue, and muscle is critical for whole-body energy and metabolic homeostasis, and both similarities and differences in GR-mediated GC signaling in MAT as compared with these tissues are readily apparent. It is clear that GC-induced pathways work together through these tissues to affect systemic biology, and understanding the role of bone in these patterns of tissue cross talk may lead to a better understanding of MAT-bone biology that improves treatment strategies for frailty-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj K Sharma
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., CB1101, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xingming Shi
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Meghan E McGee-Lawrence
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., CB1101, Augusta, GA, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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193
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Shapiro CL, Lacchetti C, Neuner J. Management of Osteoporosis in Survivors of Adult Cancers With Nonmetastatic Disease: ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline Summary. J Oncol Pract 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jop.19.00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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194
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of the review is to assess the appropriateness of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) for the primary prevention of bone loss in women at elevated risk in the early years after menopause. RECENT FINDINGS Estrogen alone or combined with progestin to protect the uterus from cancer significantly reduces the risk of osteoporosis-related fractures. MHT increases type 1 collagen production and osteoblast survival and maintains the equilibrium between bone resorption and bone formation by modulating osteoblast/osteocyte and T cell regulation of osteoclasts. Estrogens have positive effects on muscle and cartilage. Estrogen, but not antiresorptive therapies, can attenuate the inflammatory bone-microenvironment associated with estrogen deficiency. However, already on second year of administration, MHT is associated with excess breast cancer risk, increasing steadily with duration of use. MHT should be considered in women with premature estrogen deficiency and increased risk of bone loss and osteoporotic fractures. However, MHT use for the prevention of bone loss is hindered by increase in breast cancer risk even in women younger than 60 years old or who are within 10 years of menopause onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan J Stepan
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Hruskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Kverka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
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195
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Shapiro CL, Van Poznak C, Lacchetti C, Kirshner J, Eastell R, Gagel R, Smith S, Edwards BJ, Frank E, Lyman GH, Smith MR, Mhaskar R, Henderson T, Neuner J. Management of Osteoporosis in Survivors of Adult Cancers With Nonmetastatic Disease: ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Oncol 2019; 37:2916-2946. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.19.01696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this work is to provide evidence-based guidance on the management of osteoporosis in survivors of adult cancer. METHODS ASCO convened a multidisciplinary Expert Panel to develop guideline recommendations based on a systematic review of the literature. RESULTS The literature search of the 2018 systematic review by the US Preventive Services Task Force in the noncancer population was used as the evidentiary base upon which the Expert Panel based many of its recommendations. A total of 61 additional studies on topics and populations not covered in the US Preventive Services Task Force review were also included. Patients with cancer with metastatic disease and cancer survival outcomes related to bone-modifying agents are not included in this guideline. RECOMMENDATIONS Patients with nonmetastatic cancer may be at risk for osteoporotic fractures due to baseline risks or due to the added risks that are associated with their cancer therapy. Clinicians are advised to assess fracture risk using established tools. For those patients with substantial risk of osteoporotic fracture, the clinician should obtain a bone mineral density test. The bone health of all patients may benefit from optimizing nutrition, exercise, and lifestyle. When a pharmacologic agent is indicated, bisphosphonates or denosumab at osteoporosis-indicated dosages are the preferred interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Kirshner
- Hematology-Oncology Associates of Central New York, Syracuse, NY
| | | | | | | | - Beatrice J. Edwards
- University of Texas Dell Med School and Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, Austin, TX
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Bi X, Loo YT, Henry CJ. Relationships between adiponectin and bone: Sex difference. Nutrition 2019; 70:110489. [PMID: 31655471 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite being secreted exclusively by adipocytes, circulating adiponectin (ApN) is negatively associated with obesity. Moreover, obesity is traditionally viewed as leading to increased bone mass and density. Therefore, ApN may play a biological role in regulating fat and bone metabolism. The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between ApN, measures of obesity, and bone mineral density (BMD) in healthy adults living in Singapore. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 300 participants (112 men), and measured body composition (i.e., fat mass, fat-free mass, BMD, and bone mineral content) by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Serum leptin and ApN levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS Our results showed that serum ApN levels were significantly associated with obesity measures in both men and women, and the greater effect was observed in men. In contrast, the relationship between ApN and BMD was sex-dependent. Levels of ApN were negatively associated with BMD in women, but not in men. This relationship persisted even after adjustment for potential confounding factors, such as leptin and body mass index. Moreover, serum ApN was found to be a major determinant of BMD in women on the multivariate regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that ApN, an adipocyte-derived hormone, may affect bone metabolism, which may be mediated by sex hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Bi
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), National University Health System, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Ting Loo
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), National University Health System, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), National University Health System, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Kiriakova V, Cooray SD, Yeganeh L, Somarajah G, Milat F, Vincent AJ. Management of bone health in women with premature ovarian insufficiency: Systematic appraisal of clinical practice guidelines and algorithm development. Maturitas 2019; 128:70-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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198
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Yang ZM, Yang MF, Yu W, Tao HM. Molecular mechanisms of estrogen receptor β-induced apoptosis and autophagy in tumors: implication for treating osteosarcoma. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:4644-4655. [PMID: 31526167 PMCID: PMC6833400 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519871373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The estrogen receptors α (ERα) and β (ERβ) are located in the nucleus and bind to estrogen to initiate transcription of estrogen-responsive genes. In a variety of tumor cells, ERβ has been shown to be a tumor suppressor. In particular, ERβ has anti-proliferative effects in osteosarcoma cells. Additionally, ERβ has been proven to regulate the apoptosis-related molecules IAP, BAX, caspase-3, and PARP, and to act on the NF-κB/BCL-2 pathway to induce apoptosis in tumors. Moreover, ERβ can regulate the expression of the autophagy associated markers LC3-I/LC-3II and p62 and induce autophagy in tumors by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and activating the AMPK pathway. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms by which ERβ induces apoptosis and autophagy in a variety of tumors to further delineate more specific molecular mechanisms underlying osteosarcoma tumorigenesis and pathogenesis. Considering the broad involvement of ERβ in apoptosis, autophagy, and their interaction, it is plausible that the critical role of ERβ in inhibiting the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells is closely related to its regulation of apoptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Ming Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min-Fei Yang
- Department of Emergency, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui-Min Tao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Sex-determining region Y (SRY) attributes to gender differences in RANKL expression and incidence of osteoporosis. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-16. [PMID: 31409771 PMCID: PMC6802671 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0294-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) plays a crucial role in bone metabolism. RANKL gene misregulation has been implicated in several bone and cancer diseases. Here, we aimed to identify novel transcription regulators of RANKL expression. We discovered that transcription factors, sex-determining region Y (SRY) and c-Myb, regulate RANKL expression. We demonstrated that c-Myb increases and male-specific SRY decreases RANKL expression through direct binding to its 5’-proximal promoter. These results are corroborated by the gene expression in human bone samples. In osteoporotic men, expression of RANKL is 17-fold higher, which correlates with the drastically reduced expression (200-fold) of Sry, suggesting that in osteoporotic men, the upregulation of RANKL is caused by a decrease of Sry. In healthy men, the expression of RANKL is 20% higher than that in healthy women. Our data suggest that gender differences in RANKL expression and bone quality could be due to the sex-specific transcription factor SRY. A male-specific gene offers clues to diagnosis and treatment of age-related osteoporosis. Osteoporosis was known to be linked to higher expression levels of RANKL, a gene that induces bone resorption, but the details were poorly understood. Nika Lovsin at the University of Ljubljana in Slovenia and co-workers searched for the genetic switches that control RANKL levels. They found that SRY, a gene on the male-specific Y chromosome, was a strong repressor of RANKL. In bone samples from osteoporotic men, expression levels of SRY levels were low and those of RANKL were high, suggesting that in men, when SRY fails to keep the bone-resorbing RANKL in check, osteoporosis results. SRY shows promise as an osteoporosis marker in men, or for development of treatment for both genders. Future research could address what triggers decreased SRY expression in men.
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Risk-Reducing Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy for BRCA Mutation Carriers and Hormonal Replacement Therapy: If It Should Rain, Better a Drizzle than a Storm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55080415. [PMID: 31362334 PMCID: PMC6722681 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55080415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Women carrying a BRCA mutation have an increased risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer. The most effective strategy to reduce this risk is the bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, with or without additional risk-reducing mastectomy. Risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (RRBSO) is recommended between age 35 and 40 and between age 40 and 45 years for women carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, respectively. Consequently, most BRCA mutation carriers undergo this procedure prior to a natural menopause and develop an anticipated lack of hormones. This condition has a detrimental impact on various systems, affecting both the quality of life and longevity; in particular, women carrying BRCA1 mutation, who are likely to have surgery earlier as compared to BRCA2. Hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) is the only effective strategy able to significantly compensate the hormonal deprivation and counteract menopausal symptoms, both in spontaneous and surgical menopause. Although recent evidence suggests that HRT does not diminish the protective effect of RRBSO in BRCA mutation carriers, concerns regarding the safety of estrogen and progesterone intake reduce the use in this setting. Furthermore, there is strong data demonstrating that the use of estrogen alone after RRBSO does not increase the risk of breast cancer among women with a BRCA1 mutation. The additional progesterone intake, mandatory for the protection of the endometrium during HRT, warrants further studies. However, when hysterectomy is performed at the time of RRBSO, the indication of progesterone addition decays and consequently its potential effect on breast cancer risk. Similarly, in patients conserving the uterus but undergoing risk-reducing mastectomy, the addition of progesterone should not raise significant concerns for breast cancer risk anymore. Therefore, BRCA mutation carriers require careful counselling about the scenarios following their RRBSO, menopausal symptoms or the fear associated with HRT use.
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