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Owczarek-Lipska M, Lauber B, Molitor V, Meury S, Kierczak M, Tengvall K, Webster MT, Jagannathan V, Schlotter Y, Willemse T, Hendricks A, Bergvall K, Hedhammar Å, Andersson G, Lindblad-Toh K, Favrot C, Roosje P, Marti E, Leeb T. Two loci on chromosome 5 are associated with serum IgE levels in Labrador retrievers. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39176. [PMID: 22720065 PMCID: PMC3376118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Crosslinking of immunoglobulin E antibodies (IgE) bound at the surface of mast cells and subsequent mediator release is considered the most important trigger for allergic reactions. Therefore, the genetic control of IgE levels is studied in the context of allergic diseases, such as asthma, atopic rhinitis, or atopic dermatitis (AD). We performed genome-wide association studies in 161 Labrador Retrievers with regard to total and allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. We identified a genome-wide significant association on CFA 5 with the antigen-specific IgE responsiveness to Acarus siro. We detected a second genome-wide significant association with respect to the antigen-specific IgE responsiveness to Tyrophagus putrescentiae at a different locus on chromosome 5. A. siro and T. putrescentiae both belong to the family Acaridae and represent so-called storage or forage mites. These forage mites are discussed as major allergen sources in canine AD. No obvious candidate gene for the regulation of IgE levels is located under the two association signals. Therefore our studies offer a chance of identifying a novel mechanism controlling the host's IgE response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Owczarek-Lipska
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- DermFocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Béatrice Lauber
- DermFocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vivianne Molitor
- DermFocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Division of Clinical Dermatology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Meury
- DermFocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Dermatology Unit, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcin Kierczak
- Computational Genetics Group, Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katarina Tengvall
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matthew T. Webster
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yvette Schlotter
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ton Willemse
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Hendricks
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kerstin Bergvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åke Hedhammar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Andersson
- Computational Genetics Group, Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Claude Favrot
- DermFocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Dermatology Unit, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Roosje
- DermFocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Division of Clinical Dermatology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eliane Marti
- DermFocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- DermFocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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152
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Schurink A, Ducro BJ, Bastiaansen JWM, Frankena K, van Arendonk JAM. Genome-wide association study of insect bite hypersensitivity in Dutch Shetland pony mares. Anim Genet 2012; 44:44-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2012.02368.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Schurink
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre; Wageningen University; P.O. Box 338; 6700 AH; Wageningen; the Netherlands
| | - B. J. Ducro
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre; Wageningen University; P.O. Box 338; 6700 AH; Wageningen; the Netherlands
| | - J. W. M. Bastiaansen
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre; Wageningen University; P.O. Box 338; 6700 AH; Wageningen; the Netherlands
| | - K. Frankena
- Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology Group; Wageningen University; P.O. Box 338; 6700 AH; Wageningen; the Netherlands
| | - J. A. M. van Arendonk
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre; Wageningen University; P.O. Box 338; 6700 AH; Wageningen; the Netherlands
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153
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Establishment of a canine model of human type 2 diabetes mellitus by overexpressing phosphoenolypyruvate carboxykinase. Int J Mol Med 2012; 30:321-9. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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154
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Effects of high-mobility group a protein application on canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Vet Med Int 2012; 2012:752083. [PMID: 22448338 PMCID: PMC3289926 DOI: 10.1155/2012/752083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotency and self-renewal are considered as most important features of stem cells to persist throughout life in tissues. In this context, the role of HMGA proteins to influence proliferation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ASCs) while maintaining their multipotent and self-renewal capacities has not yet been investigated. Therefore, extracellular HMGA1 and HMGA2 application alone (10-200 ng/mL) and in combination with each other (100, 200 ng/mL each) was investigated with regard to proliferative effects on canine ASCs (cASCs) after 48 hours of cultivation. Furthermore, mRNA expression of multipotency marker genes in unstimulated and HMGA2-stimulated cASCs (50, 100 ng/mL) was analyzed by RT-qPCR. HMGA1 significantly reduced cASCs proliferation in concentrations of 10-200 ng/mL culture medium. A combination of HMGA1 and HMGA2 protein (100 and 200 ng/mL each) caused the same effects, whereas no significant effect on cASCs proliferation was shown after HMGA2 protein application alone. RT-qPCR results showed that expression levels of marker genes including KLF4, SOX2, OCT4, HMGA2, and cMYC mRNAs were on the same level in both HMGA2-protein-stimulated and -unstimulated cASCs. Extracellular HMGA protein application might be valuable to control proliferation of cASCs in context with their employment in regenerative approaches without affecting their self-renewal and multipotency abilities.
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155
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Fieten H, Leegwater PAJ, Watson AL, Rothuizen J. Canine models of copper toxicosis for understanding mammalian copper metabolism. Mamm Genome 2012; 23:62-75. [PMID: 22147205 PMCID: PMC3275736 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-011-9378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary forms of copper toxicosis exist in man and dogs. In man, Wilson's disease is the best studied disorder of copper overload, resulting from mutations in the gene coding for the copper transporter ATP7B. Forms of copper toxicosis for which no causal gene is known yet are recognized as well, often in young children. Although advances have been made in unraveling the genetic background of disorders of copper metabolism in man, many questions regarding disease mechanisms and copper homeostasis remain unanswered. Genetic studies in the Bedlington terrier, a dog breed affected with copper toxicosis, identified COMMD1, a gene that was previously unknown to be involved in copper metabolism. Besides the Bedlington terrier, a number of other dog breeds suffer from hereditary copper toxicosis and show similar phenotypes to humans with copper storage disorders. Unlike the heterogeneity of most human populations, the genetic structure within a purebred dog population is homogeneous, which is advantageous for unraveling the molecular genetics of complex diseases. This article reviews the work that has been done on the Bedlington terrier, summarizes what was learned from studies into COMMD1 function, describes hereditary copper toxicosis phenotypes in other dog breeds, and discusses the opportunities for genome-wide association studies on copper toxicosis in the dog to contribute to the understanding of mammalian copper metabolism and copper metabolism disorders in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hille Fieten
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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156
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Polymorphism in the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene is associated with activity-impulsivity in German Shepherd Dogs. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30271. [PMID: 22272320 PMCID: PMC3260259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the association between repeat polymorphism in intron 4 of the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene and two personality traits, activity-impulsivity and inattention, in German Shepherd Dogs. The behaviour of 104 dogs was characterized by two instruments: (1) the previously validated Dog-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale (Dog-ADHD RS) filled in by the dog owners and (2) the newly developed Activity-impulsivity Behavioural Scale (AIBS) containing four subtests, scored by the experimenters. Internal consistency, inter-observer reliability, test-retest reliability and convergent validity were demonstrated for AIBS. Dogs possessing at least one short allele were proved to be more active-impulsive by both instruments, compared to dogs carrying two copies of the long allele (activity-impulsivity scale of Dog-ADHD RS: p = 0.007; AIBS: p = 0.023). The results have some potential to support human studies; however, further research should reveal the molecular function of the TH gene variants, and look for the effect in more breeds.
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157
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Abstract
Genetic studies of domestic animals are of general interest because there is more phenotypic diversity to explore in these species than in any experimental organism. Some mutations with favourable phenotypic effects have been highly enriched and gone through selective sweeps during the process of domestication and selective breeding. Three such selective sweeps are described in this review. All three mutations are intronic and constitute cis-acting regulatory mutations. Two of the mutations constitute structural changes (one duplication and one copy number expansion). These examples illustrate a general trend that noncoding mutations and structural changes have both contributed significantly to the evolution of phenotypic diversity in domestic animals. How the molecular characterization of trait loci in domestic animals can provide new basic knowledge of relevance for human medicine is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Andersson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, ppsala, Sweden.
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158
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159
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Alvarez CE, Akey JM. Copy number variation in the domestic dog. Mamm Genome 2011; 23:144-63. [PMID: 22138850 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-011-9369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Differences in the content and organization of DNA, collectively referred to as structural variation, have emerged as a major source of genetic and phenotypic diversity within and between species. In addition, structural variation provides an important substrate for evolutionary innovations. Here, we review recent progress in characterizing patterns of canine structural variation within and between breeds, and in correlating copy number variants (CNVs) with phenotypes. Because of the extensive phenotypic diversity that exists within and between breeds and the tantalizing examples of canine CNVs that influence traits such as skin wrinkling in Shar-Pei, dorsal hair ridge in Rhodesian and Thai Ridgebacks, and short limbs in many breeds such as Dachshunds and Corgis, we argue that domesticated dogs are uniquely poised to contribute novel insights into CNV biology. As new technologies continue to be developed and refined, the field of canine genomics is on the precipice of a deeper understanding of how structural variation and CNVs contribute to canine genetic diversity, phenotypic variation, and disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Alvarez
- The Center for Human and Molecular Genetics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, W491, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
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160
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Kranenburg HJC, Voorhout G, Grinwis GC, Hazewinkel HA, Meij BP. Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) and spondylosis deformans in purebred dogs: A retrospective radiographic study. Vet J 2011; 190:e84-e90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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161
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Identification of genomic regions associated with phenotypic variation between dog breeds using selection mapping. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1002316. [PMID: 22022279 PMCID: PMC3192833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The extraordinary phenotypic diversity of dog breeds has been sculpted by a unique population history accompanied by selection for novel and desirable traits. Here we perform a comprehensive analysis using multiple test statistics to identify regions under selection in 509 dogs from 46 diverse breeds using a newly developed high-density genotyping array consisting of >170,000 evenly spaced SNPs. We first identify 44 genomic regions exhibiting extreme differentiation across multiple breeds. Genetic variation in these regions correlates with variation in several phenotypic traits that vary between breeds, and we identify novel associations with both morphological and behavioral traits. We next scan the genome for signatures of selective sweeps in single breeds, characterized by long regions of reduced heterozygosity and fixation of extended haplotypes. These scans identify hundreds of regions, including 22 blocks of homozygosity longer than one megabase in certain breeds. Candidate selection loci are strongly enriched for developmental genes. We chose one highly differentiated region, associated with body size and ear morphology, and characterized it using high-throughput sequencing to provide a list of variants that may directly affect these traits. This study provides a catalogue of genomic regions showing extreme reduction in genetic variation or population differentiation in dogs, including many linked to phenotypic variation. The many blocks of reduced haplotype diversity observed across the genome in dog breeds are the result of both selection and genetic drift, but extended blocks of homozygosity on a megabase scale appear to be best explained by selection. Further elucidation of the variants under selection will help to uncover the genetic basis of complex traits and disease. There are hundreds of dog breeds that exhibit massive differences in appearance and behavior sculpted by tightly controlled selective breeding. This large-scale natural experiment has provided an ideal resource that geneticists can use to search for genetic variants that control these differences. With this goal, we developed a high-density array that surveys variable sites at more than 170,000 positions in the dog genome and used it to analyze genetic variation in 46 breeds. We identify 44 chromosomal regions that are extremely variable between breeds and are likely to control many of the traits that vary between them, including curly tails and sociality. Many other regions also bear the signature of strong artificial selection. We characterize one such region, known to associate with body size and ear type, in detail using “next-generation” sequencing technology to identify candidate mutations that may control these traits. Our results suggest that artificial selection has targeted genes involved in development and metabolism and that it may have increased the incidence of disease in dog breeds. Knowledge of these regions will be of great importance for uncovering the genetic basis of variation between dog breeds and for finding mutations that cause disease.
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162
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Madsen MB, Olsen LH, Haggstrom J, Hoglund K, Ljungvall I, Falk T, Wess G, Stephenson H, Dukes-McEwan J, Chetboul V, Gouni V, Proschowsky HF, Cirera S, Karlskov-Mortensen P, Fredholm M. Identification of 2 Loci Associated with Development of Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. J Hered 2011; 102 Suppl 1:S62-7. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esr041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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163
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Hedhammar ÅA, Malm S, Bonnett B. International and collaborative strategies to enhance genetic health in purebred dogs. Vet J 2011; 189:189-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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164
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Lequarré AS, Andersson L, André C, Fredholm M, Hitte C, Leeb T, Lohi H, Lindblad-Toh K, Georges M. LUPA: a European initiative taking advantage of the canine genome architecture for unravelling complex disorders in both human and dogs. Vet J 2011; 189:155-9. [PMID: 21752675 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The domestic dog offers a unique opportunity to explore the genetic basis of disease, morphology and behaviour. Humans share many diseases with our canine companions, making dogs an ideal model organism for comparative disease genetics. Using newly developed resources, genome-wide association studies in dog breeds are proving to be exceptionally powerful. Towards this aim, veterinarians and geneticists from 12 European countries are collaborating to collect and analyse the DNA from large cohorts of dogs suffering from a range of carefully defined diseases of relevance to human health. This project, named LUPA, has already delivered considerable results. The consortium has collaborated to develop a new high density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. Mutations for four monogenic diseases have been identified and the information has been utilised to find mutations in human patients. Several complex diseases have been mapped and fine mapping is underway. These findings should ultimately lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying complex diseases in both humans and their best friend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Lequarré
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-R and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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165
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Quilez J, Short AD, Martínez V, Kennedy LJ, Ollier W, Sanchez A, Altet L, Francino O. A selective sweep of >8 Mb on chromosome 26 in the Boxer genome. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:339. [PMID: 21722374 PMCID: PMC3152542 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern dog breeds display traits that are either breed-specific or shared by a few breeds as a result of genetic bottlenecks during the breed creation process and artificial selection for breed standards. Selective sweeps in the genome result from strong selection and can be detected as a reduction or elimination of polymorphism in a given region of the genome. RESULTS Extended regions of homozygosity, indicative of selective sweeps, were identified in a genome-wide scan dataset of 25 Boxers from the United Kingdom genotyped at ~20,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These regions were further examined in a second dataset of Boxers collected from a different geographical location and genotyped using higher density SNP arrays (~170,000 SNPs). A selective sweep previously associated with canine brachycephaly was detected on chromosome 1. A novel selective sweep of over 8 Mb was observed on chromosome 26 in Boxer and for a shorter region in English and French bulldogs. It was absent in 171 samples from eight other dog breeds and 7 Iberian wolf samples. A region of extended increased heterozygosity on chromosome 9 overlapped with a previously reported copy number variant (CNV) which was polymorphic in multiple dog breeds. CONCLUSION A selective sweep of more than 8 Mb on chromosome 26 was identified in the Boxer genome. This sweep is likely caused by strong artificial selection for a trait of interest and could have inadvertently led to undesired health implications for this breed. Furthermore, we provide supporting evidence for two previously described regions: a selective sweep on chromosome 1 associated with canine brachycephaly and a CNV on chromosome 9 polymorphic in multiple dog breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Quilez
- Molecular Genetics Veterinary Service (SVGM), Department of Animal and Food Science, Veterinary School, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea D Short
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research (CIGMR), Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Verónica Martínez
- Molecular Genetics Veterinary Service (SVGM), Department of Animal and Food Science, Veterinary School, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorna J Kennedy
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research (CIGMR), Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - William Ollier
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research (CIGMR), Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Armand Sanchez
- Molecular Genetics Veterinary Service (SVGM), Department of Animal and Food Science, Veterinary School, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Altet
- Molecular Genetics Veterinary Service (SVGM), Department of Animal and Food Science, Veterinary School, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Francino
- Molecular Genetics Veterinary Service (SVGM), Department of Animal and Food Science, Veterinary School, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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166
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Mausberg TB, Wess G, Simak J, Keller L, Drögemüller M, Drögemüller C, Webster MT, Stephenson H, Dukes-McEwan J, Leeb T. A locus on chromosome 5 is associated with dilated cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20042. [PMID: 21625443 PMCID: PMC3098859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a heterogeneous group of heart diseases with a strong genetic background. Currently, many human DCM cases exist where no causative mutation can be identified. DCM also occurs with high prevalence in several large dog breeds. In the Doberman Pinscher a specific DCM form characterized by arrhythmias and/or echocardiographic changes has been intensively studied by veterinary cardiologists. We performed a genome-wide association study in Doberman Pinschers. Using 71 cases and 70 controls collected in Germany we identified a genome-wide significant association to DCM on chromosome 5. We validated the association in an independent cohort collected in the United Kingdom. There is no known DCM candidate gene under the association signal. Therefore, DCM in Doberman Pinschers offers the chance of identifying a novel DCM gene that might also be relevant for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerhard Wess
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, LMU University, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Simak
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, LMU University, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Keller
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, LMU University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Cord Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthew T. Webster
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hannah Stephenson
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Dukes-McEwan
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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167
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Martínez Barrio Á, Ekerljung M, Jern P, Benachenhou F, Sperber GO, Bongcam-Rudloff E, Blomberg J, Andersson G. The first sequenced carnivore genome shows complex host-endogenous retrovirus relationships. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19832. [PMID: 21589882 PMCID: PMC3093408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-retrovirus interactions influence the genomic landscape and have contributed substantially to mammalian genome evolution. To gain further insights, we analyzed a female boxer (Canis familiaris) genome for complexity and integration pattern of canine endogenous retroviruses (CfERV). Intriguingly, the first such in-depth analysis of a carnivore species identified 407 CfERV proviruses that represent only 0.15% of the dog genome. In comparison, the same detection criteria identified about six times more HERV proviruses in the human genome that has been estimated to contain a total of 8% retroviral DNA including solitary LTRs. These observed differences in man and dog are likely due to different mechanisms to purge, restrict and protect their genomes against retroviruses. A novel group of gammaretrovirus-like CfERV with high similarity to HERV-Fc1 was found to have potential for active retrotransposition and possibly lateral transmissions between dog and human as a result of close interactions during at least 10.000 years. The CfERV integration landscape showed a non-uniform intra- and inter-chromosomal distribution. Like in other species, different densities of ERVs were observed. Some chromosomal regions were essentially devoid of CfERVs whereas other regions had large numbers of integrations in agreement with distinct selective pressures at different loci. Most CfERVs were integrated in antisense orientation within 100 kb from annotated protein-coding genes. This integration pattern provides evidence for selection against CfERVs in sense orientation relative to chromosomal genes. In conclusion, this ERV analysis of the first carnivorous species supports the notion that different mammals interact distinctively with endogenous retroviruses and suggests that retroviral lateral transmissions between dog and human may have occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Martínez Barrio
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie Ekerljung
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Biomedical Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patric Jern
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Farid Benachenhou
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Biomedical Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Section of Virology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran O. Sperber
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Bongcam-Rudloff
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Biomedical Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Blomberg
- Section of Virology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Andersson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Biomedical Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Rowell JL, McCarthy DO, Alvarez CE. Dog models of naturally occurring cancer. Trends Mol Med 2011; 17:380-8. [PMID: 21439907 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies using dogs provide an ideal solution to the gap in animal models for natural disease and translational medicine. This is evidenced by approximately 400 inherited disorders being characterized in domesticated dogs, most of which are relevant to humans. There are several hundred isolated populations of dogs (breeds) and each has a vastly reduced genetic variation compared with humans; this simplifies disease mapping and pharmacogenomics. Dogs age five- to eight-fold faster than do humans, share environments with their owners, are usually kept until old age and receive a high level of health care. Farseeing investigators recognized this potential and, over the past decade, have developed the necessary tools and infrastructure to utilize this powerful model of human disease, including the sequencing of the dog genome in 2005. Here, we review the nascent convergence of genetic and translational canine models of spontaneous disease, focusing on cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie L Rowell
- The Ohio State University College of Nursing, 1585 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 34210, USA
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169
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Krockenberger MB, Swinney G, Martin P, Rothwell TRL, Malik R. Sequential opportunistic infections in two German Shepherd dogs. Aust Vet J 2011; 89:9-14. [PMID: 21250949 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2010.00666.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two German Shepherd dogs with sequential opportunistic infections are described. The first was a 2-year-old male with cryptococcal rhinitis that spread to involve the optic nerves and brain. It was successfully treated with combination therapy utilising amphotericin B administered for 2 years, but the dog developed a disseminated Aspergillus deflectus infection 5 years later and was euthanased. The second case was a 4-year-old male that presented for a severe, deep-seated infection of the right antebrachium, with gradual extension to contiguous tissues. Neosartorya fischeri (anamorph; Aspergillus fischerianus) was isolated in pure culture and detected in histological sections. The infection was refractory to itraconazole, but resolved after amputation of the affected limb. Five months later, the dog developed a localised cutaneous lesion on the proximal pelvic limb, from which Pythium insidiosum was isolated and then visualised in tissue sections, together with a structure thought to be grass seed. This lesion was treated by wide surgical resection, although it was reported that the dog died of disseminated disease some months later. These cases provide further circumstantial evidence that young adult German Shepherd dogs have a predilection to developing invasive infections with fungi and other saprophytic pathogens.
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170
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Acral Mutilation Syndrome in a Miniature Pinscher. J Comp Pathol 2011; 144:235-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2010.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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171
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Rivera P, von Euler H. Molecular Biological Aspects on Canine and Human Mammary Tumors. Vet Pathol 2010; 48:132-46. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985810387939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Rivera
- Center of Clinical Comparative Oncology C3O, Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Small Animals, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H. von Euler
- Center of Clinical Comparative Oncology C3O, Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Small Animals, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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172
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Ke X, Kennedy LJ, Short AD, Seppälä EH, Barnes A, Clements DN, Wood SH, Carter SD, Happ GM, Lohi H, Ollier WER. Assessment of the functionality of genome-wide canine SNP arrays and implications for canine disease association studies. Anim Genet 2010; 42:181-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02132.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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173
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Zhou Z, Sheng X, Zhang Z, Zhao K, Zhu L, Guo G, Friedenberg SG, Hunter LS, Vandenberg-Foels WS, Hornbuckle WE, Krotscheck U, Corey E, Moise NS, Dykes NL, Li J, Xu S, Du L, Wang Y, Sandler J, Acland GM, Lust G, Todhunter RJ. Differential genetic regulation of canine hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13219. [PMID: 20949002 PMCID: PMC2952589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine hip dysplasia (HD) is a common polygenic trait characterized by hip malformation that results in osteoarthritis (OA). The condition in dogs is very similar to developmental dysplasia of the human hip which also leads to OA. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A total of 721 dogs, including both an association and linkage population, were genotyped. The association population included 8 pure breeds (Labrador retriever, Greyhounds, German Shepherd, Newfoundland, Golden retriever, Rottweiler, Border Collie and Bernese Mountain Dog). The linkage population included Labrador retrievers, Greyhounds, and their crosses. Of these, 366 dogs were genotyped at ∼22,000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci and a targeted screen across 8 chromosomes with ∼3,300 SNPs was performed on 551 dogs (196 dogs were common to both sets). A mixed linear model approach was used to perform an association study on this combined association and linkage population. The study identified 4 susceptibility SNPs associated with HD and 2 SNPs associated with hip OA. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE The identified SNPs included those near known genes (PTPRD, PARD3B, and COL15A1) reported to be associated with, or expressed in, OA in humans. This suggested that the canine model could provide a unique opportunity to identify genes underlying natural HD and hip OA, which are common and debilitating conditions in both dogs and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengkui Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Xihui Sheng
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwu Zhang
- Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Keyan Zhao
- Department of Computational Biology and Statistics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Lan Zhu
- Department of Statistics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Gang Guo
- Department of Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Steve G. Friedenberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Linda S. Hunter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Wendy S. Vandenberg-Foels
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - William E. Hornbuckle
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Ursula Krotscheck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Corey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Nancy S. Moise
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Nathan L. Dykes
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Junya Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shangzhong Xu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Du
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yachun Wang
- Department of Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jody Sandler
- Guiding Eyes for the Blind, Yorktown Heights, New York, United States of America
| | - Gregory M. Acland
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - George Lust
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Rory J. Todhunter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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174
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175
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Drögemüller C, Becker D, Kessler B, Kemter E, Tetens J, Jurina K, Jäderlund KH, Flagstad A, Perloski M, Lindblad-Toh K, Matiasek K. A deletion in the N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) gene in Greyhounds with polyneuropathy. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11258. [PMID: 20582309 PMCID: PMC2889825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The polyneuropathy of juvenile Greyhound show dogs shows clinical similarities to the genetically heterogeneous Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease in humans. The pedigrees containing affected dogs suggest monogenic autosomal recessive inheritance and all affected dogs trace back to a single male. Here, we studied the neuropathology of this disease and identified a candidate causative mutation. Peripheral nerve biopsies from affected dogs were examined using semi-thin histology, nerve fibre teasing and electron microscopy. A severe chronic progressive mixed polyneuropathy was observed. Seven affected and 17 related control dogs were genotyped on the 50k canine SNP chip. This allowed us to localize the causative mutation to a 19.5 Mb interval on chromosome 13 by homozygosity mapping. The NDRG1 gene is located within this interval and NDRG1 mutations have been shown to cause hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy-Lom in humans (CMT4D). Therefore, we considered NDRG1 a positional and functional candidate gene and performed mutation analysis in affected and control Greyhounds. A 10 bp deletion in canine NDRG1 exon 15 (c.1080_1089delTCGCCTGGAC) was perfectly associated with the polyneuropathy phenotype of Greyhound show dogs. The deletion causes a frame shift (p.Arg361SerfsX60) which alters several amino acids before a stop codon is encountered. A reduced level of NDRG1 transcript could be detected by RT-PCR. Western blot analysis demonstrated an absence of NDRG1 protein in peripheral nerve biopsy of an affected Greyhound. We thus have identified a candidate causative mutation for polyneuropathy in Greyhounds and identified the first genetically characterized canine CMT model which offers an opportunity to gain further insights into the pathobiology and therapy of human NDRG1 associated CMT disease. Selection against this mutation can now be used to eliminate polyneuropathy from Greyhound show dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cord Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
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176
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Steinlein OK. Gene polymorphisms and their role in epilepsy treatment and prognosis. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2010; 382:109-18. [PMID: 20556360 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-010-0531-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The human genome carries an enormous number of genetic variants, many of them of functional consequence. In epilepsy, they are likely to be involved in drug-specific treatment efficacy, unwanted or even toxic drug reactions, teratogenic risks in pregnancy as well as in the long-term prognosis of patients with epilepsy. As in many other disorders with a complex genetic background, the associated genetic variants that could be verified successfully in replication studies are still only a few. However, new techniques and improved research strategies are likely to increase their number in the foreseeable future, although at a much slower pace as initially expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ortrud K Steinlein
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr. 29, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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177
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Bannasch D, Young A, Myers J, Truvé K, Dickinson P, Gregg J, Davis R, Bongcam-Rudloff E, Webster MT, Lindblad-Toh K, Pedersen N. Localization of canine brachycephaly using an across breed mapping approach. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9632. [PMID: 20224736 PMCID: PMC2835769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, exhibits profound phenotypic diversity and is an ideal model organism for the genetic dissection of simple and complex traits. However, some of the most interesting phenotypes are fixed in particular breeds and are therefore less tractable to genetic analysis using classical segregation-based mapping approaches. We implemented an across breed mapping approach using a moderately dense SNP array, a low number of animals and breeds carefully selected for the phenotypes of interest to identify genetic variants responsible for breed-defining characteristics. Using a modest number of affected (10–30) and control (20–60) samples from multiple breeds, the correct chromosomal assignment was identified in a proof of concept experiment using three previously defined loci; hyperuricosuria, white spotting and chondrodysplasia. Genome-wide association was performed in a similar manner for one of the most striking morphological traits in dogs: brachycephalic head type. Although candidate gene approaches based on comparable phenotypes in mice and humans have been utilized for this trait, the causative gene has remained elusive using this method. Samples from nine affected breeds and thirteen control breeds identified strong genome-wide associations for brachycephalic head type on Cfa 1. Two independent datasets identified the same genomic region. Levels of relative heterozygosity in the associated region indicate that it has been subjected to a selective sweep, consistent with it being a breed defining morphological characteristic. Genotyping additional dogs in the region confirmed the association. To date, the genetic structure of dog breeds has primarily been exploited for genome wide association for segregating traits. These results demonstrate that non-segregating traits under strong selection are equally tractable to genetic analysis using small sample numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danika Bannasch
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America.
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178
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Shearin AL, Ostrander EA. Leading the way: canine models of genomics and disease. Dis Model Mech 2010; 3:27-34. [PMID: 20075379 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.004358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years Canis familiaris, the domestic dog, has drawn considerable attention as a system in which to investigate the genetics of disease susceptibility, morphology and behavior. Because dogs show remarkable intrabreed homogeneity, coupled with striking interbreed heterogeneity, the dog offers unique opportunities to understand the genetic underpinnings of natural variation in mammals, a portion of which is disease susceptibility. In this review, we highlight the unique features of the dog, such as population diversity and breed structure, that make it particularly amenable to genetic studies. We highlight recent advances in understanding the architecture of the dog genome, which propel the system to the forefront of consideration when selecting a system for disease gene studies. The most notable benefit of using the dog for genetic studies is that dogs get many of the same diseases as humans, with a similar frequency, and the same genetic factors are often involved. We discuss two approaches for localizing disease genes in the dog and provide examples of ongoing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L Shearin
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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179
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Thomson PC, Wilson BJ, Wade CM, Shariflou MR, James JW, Tammen I, Raadsma HW, Nicholas FW. The utility of estimated breeding values for inherited disorders of dogs. Vet J 2010; 183:243-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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180
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The evolution of heterochiasmy: the role of sexual selection and sperm competition in determining sex-specific recombination rates in eutherian mammals. Genet Res (Camb) 2010; 91:355-63. [PMID: 19922699 DOI: 10.1017/s0016672309990255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Early karyotypic work revealed that female and male recombination rates in many species show pronounced differences, and this pattern of heterochiasmy has also been observed in modern linkage mapping studies. Several hypotheses to explain this phenomenon have been offered, ranging from strictly biological mechanisms related to the gametic differences between the sexes, to more evolutionary models based on sexually antagonistic selection. However, despite the long history of interest in heterochiasmy, empirical data has failed to support any theory or pattern consistently. Here I test two alternative evolutionary hypotheses regarding heterochiasmy across the eutherian mammals, and show that sexual dimorphism, but not sperm competition, is strongly correlated with recombination rate, suggesting that sexual antagonism is an important influence. However, the observed relationship between heterochiasmy and sexual dimorphism runs counter to theoretical predictions, with male recombination higher in species with high levels of sexual dimorphism. This may be the response to male-biased dispersal, which, rather than the static male fitness landscape envisioned in the models tested here, could radically shift optimal male fitness parameters among generations.
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181
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Kranenburg HC, Westerveld LA, Verlaan JJ, Oner FC, Dhert WJA, Voorhout G, Hazewinkel HAW, Meij BP. The dog as an animal model for DISH? EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2010; 19:1325-9. [PMID: 20127259 PMCID: PMC2989211 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-010-1280-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Revised: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is a systemic disorder of the axial and peripheral skeleton in humans and has incidentally been described in dogs. The aims of this retrospective radiographic cohort study were to determine the prevalence of DISH in an outpatient population of skeletally mature dogs and to investigate if dogs can be used as an animal model for DISH. The overall prevalence of canine DISH was 3.8% (78/2041). The prevalence of DISH increased with age and was more frequent in male dogs, similar to findings in human studies. In the Boxer breed the prevalence of DISH was 40.6% (28/69). Dog breeds represent closed gene pools with a high degree of familiar relationship and the high prevalence in the Boxer may be indicative of a genetic origin of DISH. It is concluded that the Boxer breed may serve as an animal model for DISH in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Kranenburg
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, PO Box 80154, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
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182
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Wong AK, Ruhe AL, Dumont BL, Robertson KR, Guerrero G, Shull SM, Ziegle JS, Millon LV, Broman KW, Payseur BA, Neff MW. A comprehensive linkage map of the dog genome. Genetics 2010; 184:595-605. [PMID: 19966068 PMCID: PMC2828735 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.109.106831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have leveraged the reference sequence of a boxer to construct the first complete linkage map for the domestic dog. The new map improves access to the dog's unique biology, from human disease counterparts to fascinating evolutionary adaptations. The map was constructed with approximately 3000 microsatellite markers developed from the reference sequence. Familial resources afforded 450 mostly phase-known meioses for map assembly. The genotype data supported a framework map with approximately 1500 loci. An additional approximately 1500 markers served as map validators, contributing modestly to estimates of recombination rate but supporting the framework content. Data from approximately 22,000 SNPs informing on a subset of meioses supported map integrity. The sex-averaged map extended 21 M and revealed marked region- and sex-specific differences in recombination rate. The map will enable empiric coverage estimates and multipoint linkage analysis. Knowledge of the variation in recombination rate will also inform on genomewide patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD), and thus benefit association, selective sweep, and phylogenetic mapping approaches. The computational and wet-bench strategies can be applied to the reference genome of any nonmodel organism to assemble a de novo linkage map.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron K. Wong
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, California 94404, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics and Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Alison L. Ruhe
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, California 94404, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics and Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Beth L. Dumont
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, California 94404, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics and Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Kathryn R. Robertson
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, California 94404, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics and Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Giovanna Guerrero
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, California 94404, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics and Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Sheila M. Shull
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, California 94404, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics and Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Janet S. Ziegle
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, California 94404, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics and Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Lee V. Millon
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, California 94404, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics and Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Karl W. Broman
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, California 94404, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics and Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Bret A. Payseur
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, California 94404, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics and Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Mark W. Neff
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, California 94404, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics and Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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183
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Genome-wide association mapping identifies multiple loci for a canine SLE-related disease complex. Nat Genet 2010; 42:250-4. [PMID: 20101241 DOI: 10.1038/ng.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The unique canine breed structure makes dogs an excellent model for studying genetic diseases. Within a dog breed, linkage disequilibrium is extensive, enabling genome-wide association (GWA) with only around 15,000 SNPs and fewer individuals than in human studies. Incidences of specific diseases are elevated in different breeds, indicating that a few genetic risk factors might have accumulated through drift or selective breeding. In this study, a GWA study with 81 affected dogs (cases) and 57 controls from the Nova Scotia duck tolling retriever breed identified five loci associated with a canine systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-related disease complex that includes both antinuclear antibody (ANA)-positive immune-mediated rheumatic disease (IMRD) and steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA). Fine mapping with twice as many dogs validated these loci. Our results indicate that the homogeneity of strong genetic risk factors within dog breeds allows multigenic disorders to be mapped with fewer than 100 cases and 100 controls, making dogs an excellent model in which to identify pathways involved in human complex diseases.
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184
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Våge J, Wade C, Biagi T, Fatjó J, Amat M, Lindblad-Toh K, Lingaas F. Association of dopamine- and serotonin-related genes with canine aggression. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2010; 9:372-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2010.00568.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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185
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Genome-wide association analysis of canine atopic dermatitis and identification of disease related SNPs. Immunogenetics 2010; 61:765-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00251-009-0402-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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186
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Lit L, Schweitzer JB, Iosif AM, Oberbauer AM. Owner reports of attention, activity, and impulsivity in dogs: a replication study. Behav Brain Funct 2010; 6:1. [PMID: 20047681 PMCID: PMC2823640 DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-6-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background When developing behaviour measurement tools that use third party assessments, such as parent report, it is important to demonstrate reliability of resulting scales through replication using novel cohorts. The domestic dog has been suggested as a model to investigate normal variation in attention, hyperactivity, and impulsive behaviours impaired in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD). The human ADHD Rating Scale, modified for dogs and using owner-directed surveys, was applied in a European sample. We asked whether findings would be replicated utilizing an Internet survey in a novel sample, where unassisted survey completion, participant attitudes and breeds might affect previous findings. Methods Using a slightly modified version of the prior survey, we collected responses (n = 1030, 118 breeds representing 7 breed groups) primarily in the United States and Canada. This study was conducted using an Internet survey mechanism. Results Reliability analyses confirmed two scales previously identified for dogs (inattention [IA], hyperactivity-impulsivity [HA-IM]). Models including age, training status, and breed group accounted for very little variance in subscales, with no effect of gender. Conclusions The factor invariance demonstrated in these findings confirms that owner report, using this modified human questionnaire, provides dog scores according to "inattention" and "hyperactivity-impulsivity" axes. Further characterization of naturally occurring variability of attention, activity, and impulsivity in domestic dogs may provide insight into genetic backgrounds underlying behaviours impaired in attention and associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Lit
- MIND Institute and Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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187
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Abstract
This chapter reviews the use of genetically modified animals and the increasingly detailed knowledge of the genomes of the domestic species. The different approaches to genetic modification are outlined as are the advantages and disadvantages of the techniques in different species. Genetically modified mice have been fundamental in understanding gene function and in generating affordable models of human disease although these are not without their drawbacks. Transgenic farm animals have been developed for nutritionally enhanced food, disease resistance and xenografting. Transgenic rabbits, goats, sheep and cows have been developed as living bioreactors producing potentially high value biopharmaceuticals, commonly referred to as "pharming". Domestic animals are also important as a target as well as for testing genetic-based therapies for both inherited and acquired disease. This latter field may be the most important of all, in the future development of novel therapies.
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189
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Clements DN, Short AD, Barnes A, Kennedy LJ, Ferguson JF, Butterworth SJ, Fitzpatrick N, Pead M, Bennett D, Innes JF, Carter SD, Ollier WER. A Candidate Gene Study of Canine Joint Diseases. J Hered 2009; 101:54-60. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esp088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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190
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Quignon P, Schoenebeck JJ, Chase K, Parker HG, Mosher DS, Johnson GS, Lark KG, Ostrander EA. Fine mapping a locus controlling leg morphology in the domestic dog. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2009; 74:327-33. [PMID: 19717540 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2009.74.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The domestic dog offers a remarkable opportunity to disentangle the genetics of complex phenotypes. Here, we explore a locus, previously identified in the Portuguese water dog (PWD), associated with PC2, a morphological principal component characterized as leg width versus leg length. The locus was initially mapped to a region of 26 Mb on canine chromosome 12 (CFA12) following a genome-wide scan. Subsequent and extensive genotyping of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotype analysis in both the PWD and selected breeds representing phenotypic extremes of PC2 reduced the region from 26 Mb to 500 kb. The proximity of the critical interval to two collagen genes suggests that the phenotype may be controlled by cis-acting mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Quignon
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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191
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Abstract
The release of an annotated human genome sequence assembly and the emergence of genomics technologies have led to significant advances in our understanding of many human diseases including cancers. As DNA sequencing technology has become less costly, the field of comparative genomics has progressed rapidly and attention has turned now to generating whole genome assemblies and dedicated genomics resources for veterinary species. Such progress brings a whole new series of opportunities to advance veterinary medicine. Many human and animal diseases share a pathogenetic basis, and although veterinary species need advances in biomedical research in their own right, the consideration of companion animals also as good comparative models for human disease saw the emergence of the "one medicine" concept. The future of many areas of human and veterinary biomedical research is very much interdependent, with one of the closest associations being in oncology. It is inevitable that veterinary oncology will benefit enormously from data derived from genomics and that this era will see a huge shift in the ways in which companion animal cancer patients are evaluated and subsequently treated. Here, we will review some of the advancements of genomics as they relate to veterinary oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Breen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
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192
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Leonard CM, Towler S, Welcome S, Chiarello C. Paracingulate asymmetry in anterior and midcingulate cortex: sex differences and the effect of measurement technique. Brain Struct Funct 2009; 213:553-69. [PMID: 19636589 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-009-0210-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2009] [Accepted: 06/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many structural brain asymmetries accompany left hemisphere language dominance. For example, the cingulate sulcus is larger in the medial cortex of the right hemisphere, while the more dorsal paracingulate sulcus is larger on the left. The functional significance of these asymmetries is unknown because fMRI studies rarely attempt to localize activation to specific sulci, possibly due to difficulties in consistent sulcal identification. In medial cortex, for example, there are many regions of partial sulcal overlap where MRI images do not provide sufficient information to unambiguously distinguish a paracingulate sulcus from a displaced anterior cingulate segment. As large samples of postmortem material are rarely available for cytoarchitectural studies of sulcal variation, we have investigated the effect of variation in boundary and sulcal definition on paracingulate asymmetry in the MRI scans of 200 healthy adults (100 men, 100 women). Although women displayed a reliable asymmetry in the size of the paracingulate sulcus, regardless of boundary definition or technique, asymmetry was greatest when (1) the measurement was limited to the midcingulate region between the genu and the anterior commissure; and (2) the more dorsal of two overlapping sulci was always classified as a paracingulate sulcus (rather than as a displaced cingulate segment). The fact that paracingulate asymmetry is maximal in the midcingulate region suggests that this region may play a particular role in hemispheric specialization for language. Future work should investigate the structural and functional correlates of sulcal variation in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana M Leonard
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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193
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A missense mutation in the SERPINH1 gene in Dachshunds with osteogenesis imperfecta. PLoS Genet 2009; 5:e1000579. [PMID: 19629171 PMCID: PMC2708911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a hereditary disease occurring in humans and dogs. It is characterized by extremely fragile bones and teeth. Most human and some canine OI cases are caused by mutations in the COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes encoding the subunits of collagen I. Recently, mutations in the CRTAP and LEPRE1 genes were found to cause some rare forms of human OI. Many OI cases exist where the causative mutation has not yet been found. We investigated Dachshunds with an autosomal recessive form of OI. Genotyping only five affected dogs on the 50 k canine SNP chip allowed us to localize the causative mutation to a 5.82 Mb interval on chromosome 21 by homozygosity mapping. Haplotype analysis of five additional carriers narrowed the interval further down to 4.74 Mb. The SERPINH1 gene is located within this interval and encodes an essential chaperone involved in the correct folding of the collagen triple helix. Therefore, we considered SERPINH1 a positional and functional candidate gene and performed mutation analysis in affected and control Dachshunds. A missense mutation (c.977C>T, p.L326P) located in an evolutionary conserved domain was perfectly associated with the OI phenotype. We thus have identified a candidate causative mutation for OI in Dachshunds and identified a fifth OI gene.
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194
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Bearden CE, Jasinska AJ, Freimer NB. Methodological issues in molecular genetic studies of mental disorders. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2009; 5:49-69. [PMID: 19327025 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The development of methodologies for assaying genetic variation at high resolution throughout the genome has revolutionized the search for susceptibility genes for common diseases. This search, however, has been less successful in psychiatry than in other areas of medicine. It is hypothesized that the imprecision and uncertain validity of psychiatric diagnoses are major factors in this disappointing progress. Here we discuss the methodologies employed for genetic investigation of mental disorders, including phenotyping strategies, approaches to genetic mapping, and use of animal models of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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195
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Abstract
Virtually, all research on basic mechanisms of aging has used species that are short lived and thus demonstrably unsuccessful at combating basic aging processes. A novel comparative approach would use a diversity of populations and species, focusing on those with particularly long, healthy lives, seeking the causative mechanisms that distinguish them from shorter lived relatives. Species of interest from this perspective include the naked mole rat, a mouse-size rodent that lives up to 30 years in the laboratory, and the little brown bat, which lives up to 34 years in the wild. Comparisons among dogs of different sizes, which differ by more than 50% in health span might also prove rewarding, as might novel species chosen because of their similarity to humans in certain key traits. Primates, because of their sophisticated cognitive ability, are a group of special value, and small, short-lived primates like the common marmoset might prove especially beneficial. Cell repositories and tissue banks from key species, as well as genomic and analytic tools optimized for comparative studies, would make valuable contributions to a new comparative approach to basic aging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven N Austad
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center-San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA.
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