151
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Zhao T, Hu F, Liu X, Tao Q. Blockade of telomerase reverse transcriptase enhances chemosensitivity in head and neck cancers through inhibition of AKT/ERK signaling pathways. Oncotarget 2016; 6:35908-21. [PMID: 26497550 PMCID: PMC4742150 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and Neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), characterized by the high frequency of local recurrence and distant metastases, is mostly related to highly malignant and resistant to apoptosis, resulting in significant insensitivity to chemotherapy. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), as the catalytic subunit of telomerase, was implicated in the telomerase-mediated cellular transformation, proliferation, stemness and cell survival. Moreover, overexpression of human TERT (hTERT) is reported to be correlated with advanced invasive stage of the tumor progression and poor prognosis. Here, we show that hTERT potentially mediated the apoptotic resistance and blockade of telomerase reverse transcriptase could enhance chemosensitivity in head and neck cancers. Mechanistically, hTERT interacts with the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK to suppress the expression of p53, ultimately, leading to modulation of the cellular sensitivity to chemotherapy. Thus, these findings suggest that hTERT targeting could be an attractive approach in combination with conventional chemotherapies for patients suffering from chemoinsensitivity or refractory HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengda Zhao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fengchun Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingguang Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Tao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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152
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Lifespan adversity and later adulthood telomere length in the nationally representative US Health and Retirement Study. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E6335-E6342. [PMID: 27698131 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1525602113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress over the lifespan is thought to promote accelerated aging and early disease. Telomere length is a marker of cell aging that appears to be one mediator of this relationship. Telomere length is associated with early adversity and with chronic stressors in adulthood in many studies. Although cumulative lifespan adversity should have bigger impacts than single events, it is also possible that adversity in childhood has larger effects on later life health than adult stressors, as suggested by models of biological embedding in early life. No studies have examined the individual vs. cumulative effects of childhood and adulthood adversities on adult telomere length. Here, we examined the relationship between cumulative childhood and adulthood adversity, adding up a range of severe financial, traumatic, and social exposures, as well as comparing them to each other, in relation to salivary telomere length. We examined 4,598 men and women from the US Health and Retirement Study. Single adversities tended to have nonsignificant relations with telomere length. In adjusted models, lifetime cumulative adversity predicted 6% greater odds of shorter telomere length. This result was mainly due to childhood adversity. In adjusted models for cumulative childhood adversity, the occurrence of each additional childhood event predicted 11% increased odds of having short telomeres. This result appeared mainly because of social/traumatic exposures rather than financial exposures. This study suggests that the shadow of childhood adversity may reach far into later adulthood in part through cellular aging.
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153
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Lucanic M, Garrett T, Yu I, Calahorro F, Asadi Shahmirzadi A, Miller A, Gill MS, Hughes RE, Holden‐Dye L, Lithgow GJ. Chemical activation of a food deprivation signal extends lifespan. Aging Cell 2016; 15:832-41. [PMID: 27220516 PMCID: PMC5013014 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Model organisms subject to dietary restriction (DR) generally live longer. Accompanying this lifespan extension are improvements in overall health, based on multiple metrics. This indicates that pharmacological treatments that mimic the effects of DR could improve health in humans. To find new chemical structures that extend lifespan, we screened 30 000 synthetic, diverse drug‐like chemicals in Caenorhabditis elegans and identified several structurally related compounds that acted through DR mechanisms. The most potent of these NP1 impinges upon a food perception pathway by promoting glutamate signaling in the pharynx. This results in the overriding of a GPCR pathway involved in the perception of food and which normally acts to decrease glutamate signals. Our results describe the activation of a dietary restriction response through the pharmacological masking of a novel sensory pathway that signals the presence of food. This suggests that primary sensory pathways may represent novel targets for human pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lucanic
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging 8001 Redwood Boulevard Novato CA USA
| | - Theo Garrett
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging 8001 Redwood Boulevard Novato CA USA
| | - Ivan Yu
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging 8001 Redwood Boulevard Novato CA USA
- Dominican University of California 50 Acacia Avenue San Rafael CA USA
| | - Fernando Calahorro
- Center for Biological Sciences Institute for Life Sciences University of Southampton Southampton UK
| | - Azar Asadi Shahmirzadi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging 8001 Redwood Boulevard Novato CA USA
- Davis School of Gerontology University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Aaron Miller
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging 8001 Redwood Boulevard Novato CA USA
| | - Matthew S. Gill
- Department of Metabolism & Aging The Scripps Research Institute‐Scripps Florida 130 Scripps Way Jupiter FL 33458
| | - Robert E. Hughes
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging 8001 Redwood Boulevard Novato CA USA
| | - Lindy Holden‐Dye
- Center for Biological Sciences Institute for Life Sciences University of Southampton Southampton UK
| | - Gordon J. Lithgow
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging 8001 Redwood Boulevard Novato CA USA
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154
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Riscuta G. Nutrigenomics at the Interface of Aging, Lifespan, and Cancer Prevention. J Nutr 2016; 146:1931-1939. [PMID: 27558581 PMCID: PMC5037878 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.235119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The percentage of elderly people with associated age-related health deterioration, including cancer, has been increasing for decades. Among age-related diseases, the incidence of cancer has grown substantially, in part because of the overlap of some molecular pathways between cancer and aging. Studies with model organisms suggest that aging and age-related conditions are manipulable processes that can be modified by both genetic and environmental factors, including dietary habits. Variations in genetic backgrounds likely lead to differential responses to dietary changes and account for some of the inconsistencies found in the literature. The intricacies of the aging process, coupled with the interrelational role of bioactive food components on gene expression, make this review a complex undertaking. Nevertheless, intriguing evidence suggests that dietary habits can manipulate the aging process and/or its consequences and potentially may have unprecedented health benefits. The present review focuses on 4 cellular events: telomerase activity, bioenergetics, DNA repair, and oxidative stress. These processes are linked to both aging and cancer risk, and their alteration in animal models by selected food components is evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Riscuta
- Nutritional Science Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
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155
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Zhang S, Guan X, Lu F, Jiang J, Deng Y, Luo C, Shi D. Establishment and characterization of buffalo fetal fibroblasts induced with human telomerase reverse transcriptase. Theriogenology 2016; 86:1622-1629. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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156
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Lamb R, Ozsvari B, Bonuccelli G, Smith DL, Pestell RG, Martinez-Outschoorn UE, Clarke RB, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP. Dissecting tumor metabolic heterogeneity: Telomerase and large cell size metabolically define a sub-population of stem-like, mitochondrial-rich, cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:21892-905. [PMID: 26323205 PMCID: PMC4673134 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell metabolic heterogeneity is thought to contribute to tumor recurrence, distant metastasis and chemo-resistance in cancer patients, driving poor clinical outcome. To better understand tumor metabolic heterogeneity, here we used the MCF7 breast cancer line as a model system to metabolically fractionate a cancer cell population. First, MCF7 cells were stably transfected with an hTERT-promoter construct driving GFP expression, as a surrogate marker of telomerase transcriptional activity. To enrich for immortal stem-like cancer cells, MCF7 cells expressing the highest levels of GFP (top 5%) were then isolated by FACS analysis. Notably, hTERT-GFP(+) MCF7 cells were significantly more efficient at forming mammospheres (i.e., stem cell activity) and showed increased mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial functional activity, all relative to hTERT-GFP(−) cells. Unbiased proteomics analysis of hTERT-GFP(+) MCF7 cells directly demonstrated the over-expression of 33 key mitochondrial proteins, 17 glycolytic enzymes, 34 ribosome-related proteins and 17 EMT markers, consistent with an anabolic cancer stem-like phenotype. Interestingly, MT-CO2 (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2; Complex IV) expression was increased by >20-fold. As MT-CO2 is encoded by mt-DNA, this finding is indicative of increased mitochondrial biogenesis in hTERT-GFP(+) MCF7 cells. Importantly, most of these candidate biomarkers were transcriptionally over-expressed in human breast cancer epithelial cells in vivo. Similar results were obtained using cell size (forward/side scatter) to fractionate MCF7 cells. Larger stem-like cells also showed increased hTERT-GFP levels, as well as increased mitochondrial mass and function. Thus, this simple and rapid approach for the enrichment of immortal anabolic stem-like cancer cells will allow us and others to develop new prognostic biomarkers and novel anti-cancer therapies, by specifically and selectively targeting this metabolic sub-population of aggressive cancer cells. Based on our proteomics and functional analysis, FDA-approved inhibitors of protein synthesis and/or mitochondrial biogenesis, may represent novel treatment options for targeting these anabolic stem-like cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lamb
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Bela Ozsvari
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gloria Bonuccelli
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Duncan L Smith
- The Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Robert B Clarke
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Federica Sotgia
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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157
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Abstract
Telomeres at chromosome ends are nucleoprotein structures consisting of tandem TTAGGG repeats and a complex of proteins termed shelterin. DNA damage and repair at telomeres is uniquely influenced by the ability of telomeric DNA to form alternate structures including loops and G-quadruplexes, coupled with the ability of shelterin proteins to interact with and regulate enzymes in every known DNA repair pathway. The role of shelterin proteins in preventing telomeric ends from being falsely recognized and processed as DNA double strand breaks is well established. Here we focus instead on recent developments in understanding the roles of shelterin proteins and telomeric DNA sequence and structure in processing genuine damage at telomeres induced by endogenous and exogenous DNA damage agents. We will highlight advances in double strand break repair, base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair at telomeres, and will discuss important questions remaining in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Fouquerel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Research Pavilion, 5117 Centre Avenue, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Dhvani Parikh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Research Pavilion, 5117 Centre Avenue, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Patricia Opresko
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Research Pavilion, 5117 Centre Avenue, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
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158
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Son MJ, Kwon Y, Son T, Cho YS. Restoration of Mitochondrial NAD + Levels Delays Stem Cell Senescence and Facilitates Reprogramming of Aged Somatic Cells. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2840-2851. [PMID: 27428041 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The fundamental tenet that aging is irreversible has been challenged by the development of reprogramming technology that can restore molecular and cellular age by reversing the progression of aging. The use of cells from aged individuals as sources for reprogramming or transplantation creates a major barrier in stem cell therapy with respect to cell quality and quantity. Here, we investigated the molecular features underlying senescence and rejuvenation during aged cell reprogramming and identified novel factors that can overcome age-associated barriers. Enzymes, such as nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) and nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 3 (NMNAT3), that control mitochondrial NAD+ levels appear to be susceptible to aging. In aged cells, mitochondrial NAD+ levels decrease, accompanied by reduced SIRT3 activity; these changes severely impede cell fate transition. However, in cells collected from aged p16 knockout mice, which exhibit delayed cellular senescence, no changes in NNT or NMNAT3 expression were found. Importantly, restoring mitochondrial NAD+ levels by overexpressing NNT and NMNAT3 enhanced reprogramming efficiency of aged somatic cells and extended the lifespan of human mesenchymal stem cells by delaying replicative senescence. These results demonstrate that maintenance of mitochondrial NAD+ levels is critical for reversing the mechanisms of aging and ensuring that cells collected from aged individuals are of high quality. Stem Cells 2016;34:2840-2851.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Jin Son
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science & Technology (UST), Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youjeong Kwon
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science & Technology (UST), Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekwon Son
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yee Sook Cho
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science & Technology (UST), Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, KRIBB, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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159
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Diman A, Boros J, Poulain F, Rodriguez J, Purnelle M, Episkopou H, Bertrand L, Francaux M, Deldicque L, Decottignies A. Nuclear respiratory factor 1 and endurance exercise promote human telomere transcription. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1600031. [PMID: 27819056 PMCID: PMC5087959 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA breaks activate the DNA damage response and, if left unrepaired, trigger cellular senescence. Telomeres are specialized nucleoprotein structures that protect chromosome ends from persistent DNA damage response activation. Whether protection can be enhanced to counteract the age-dependent decline in telomere integrity is a challenging question. Telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA), which is transcribed from telomeres, emerged as important player in telomere integrity. However, how human telomere transcription is regulated is still largely unknown. We identify nuclear respiratory factor 1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α as regulators of human telomere transcription. In agreement with an upstream regulation of these factors by adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), pharmacological activation of AMPK in cancer cell lines or in normal nonproliferating myotubes up-regulated TERRA, thereby linking metabolism to telomere fitness. Cycling endurance exercise, which is associated with AMPK activation, increased TERRA levels in skeletal muscle biopsies obtained from 10 healthy young volunteers. The data support the idea that exercise may protect against aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Diman
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joanna Boros
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Florian Poulain
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Rodriguez
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Pierre de Coubertin 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marin Purnelle
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Pierre de Coubertin 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Harikleia Episkopou
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Francaux
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Pierre de Coubertin 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Louise Deldicque
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Pierre de Coubertin 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Corresponding author. (L.D.); (A.D.)
| | - Anabelle Decottignies
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Corresponding author. (L.D.); (A.D.)
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160
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Pieters N, Janssen BG, Dewitte H, Cox B, Cuypers A, Lefebvre W, Smeets K, Vanpoucke C, Plusquin M, Nawrot TS. Biomolecular Markers within the Core Axis of Aging and Particulate Air Pollution Exposure in the Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:943-50. [PMID: 26672058 PMCID: PMC4937852 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1509728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomere length and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content are markers of aging and aging-related diseases. There is inconclusive evidence concerning the mechanistic effects of airborne particulate matter (PM) exposure on biomolecular markers of aging. OBJECTIVE The present study examines the association between short- and long-term PM exposure with telomere length and mtDNA content in the elderly and investigates to what extent this association is mediated by expression of genes playing a role in the telomere-mitochondrial axis of aging. METHODS Among 166 nonsmoking elderly participants, we used qPCR to measure telomere length and mtDNA content in leukocytes and RNA from whole blood to measure expression of SIRT1, TP53, PPARGC1A, PPARGC1B, NRF1, and NFE2L2. Associations between PM exposure and markers of aging were estimated using multivariable linear regression models adjusted for sex, age, BMI, socioeconomic status, statin use, past smoking status, white blood cell count, and percentage of neutrophils. Mediation analysis was performed to explore the role of age-related markers between the association of PM exposure and outcome. Annual PM2.5 exposure was calculated for each participant's home address using a high-resolution spatial-temporal interpolation model. RESULTS Annual PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 15 to 23 μg/m3. A 5-μg/m3 increment in annual PM2.5 concentration was associated with a relative decrease of 16.8% (95% CI: -26.0%, -7.4%, p = 0.0005) in telomere length and a relative decrease of 25.7% (95% CI: -35.2%, -16.2%, p < 0.0001) in mtDNA content. Assuming causality, results of the mediation analysis indicated that SIRT1 mediated 19.5% and 22.5% of the estimated effect of PM2.5 exposure on telomere length and mtDNA content, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the estimated effects of PM2.5 exposure on the telomere-mitochondrial axis of aging may play an important role in chronic health effects of PM2.5. CITATION Pieters N, Janssen BG, Dewitte H, Cox B, Cuypers A, Lefebvre W, Smeets K, Vanpoucke C, Plusquin M, Nawrot TS. 2016. Biomolecular markers within the core axis of aging and particulate air pollution exposure in the elderly: a cross-sectional study. Environ Health Perspect 124:943-950; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1509728.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky Pieters
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Bram G. Janssen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | | | - Bianca Cox
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Wouter Lefebvre
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Karen Smeets
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | | | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Tim S. Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
- Address correspondence to T.S. Nawrot, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. Telephone: 32-11-268382. E-mail:
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161
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Tajiri N, Borlongan CV, Kaneko Y. Cyclosporine A Treatment Abrogates Ischemia-Induced Neuronal Cell Death by Preserving Mitochondrial Integrity through Upregulation of the Parkinson's Disease-Associated Protein DJ-1. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 22:602-10. [PMID: 27247192 PMCID: PMC5189675 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Hypoxic‐ischemia alters mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), respiratory‐related enzymes, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Drugs acting on mitochondria, such as cyclosporine A (CsA), may reveal novel mitochondria‐based cell death signaling targets for stroke. Our previous studies showed that Parkinson's disease‐associated protein DJ‐1 participates in the acute endogenous neuroprotection after stroke via mitochondrial pathway. DJ‐1 was detected immediately after stroke and efficiently translocated into the mitochondria offering a new venue for developing treatment strategies against stroke. Here, we examined a molecular interaction between CsA and mitochondrial integrity in the in vitro acute stroke model of oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) injury with emphasis on DJ‐1. Methods Primary rat neuronal cells (PRNCs) were exposed to OGD/R injury and processed for immunocytochemistry, ELISA, and mitochondria‐based molecular assays to reveal the role of DJ‐1 in CsA modulation of mitochondrial integrity. Results Administration of CsA before stroke onset (24 h pre‐OGD/R) afforded significantly much more robust neuroprotective effects than when CsA was initiated after stroke (2 h post‐OGD/R), revealing that CsA exerted neuroprotection in the early phase of ischemic stroke. CsA prevented the mitochondria‐dependent cell death signaling pathway involved in cytochrome c (Cyt c)‐induced intrinsic apoptotic process. CsA preserved cellular ATP content, but not hexokinase activity under hypoxic conditions. CsA prevented both mtDNA decrement and Δψm degradation after reperfusion, and enhanced secretion of DJ‐1 in the mitochondria, coupled with reduced oxidative stress. Conclusion These observations provided evidence that CsA maintained mitochondrial integrity likely via DJ‐1 upregulation, supporting the concept that mitochondria‐based treatments targeting the early phase of disease progression may prove beneficial in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Tajiri
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.,School of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yuji Kaneko
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
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162
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Giorgio M, Stendardo M, Migliaccio E, Pelicci PG. P66SHC deletion improves fertility and progeric phenotype of late-generation TERC-deficient mice but not their short lifespan. Aging Cell 2016; 15:446-54. [PMID: 26968134 PMCID: PMC4854904 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and telomere attrition are considered the driving factors of aging. As oxidative damage to telomeric DNA favors the erosion of chromosome ends and, in turn, telomere shortening increases the sensitivity to pro-oxidants, these two factors may trigger a detrimental vicious cycle. To check whether limiting oxidative stress slows down telomere shortening and related progeria, we have investigated the effect of p66SHC deletion, which has been shown to reduce oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptosis, on late-generation TERC (telomerase RNA component)-deficient mice having short telomeres and reduced lifespan. Double mutant (TERC(-/-) p66SHC(-/-) ) mice were generated, and their telomere length, fertility, and lifespan investigated in different generations. Results revealed that p66SHC deletion partially rescues sterility and weight loss, as well as organ atrophy, of TERC-deficient mice, but not their short lifespan and telomere erosion. Therefore, our data suggest that p66SHC-mediated oxidative stress and telomere shortening synergize in some tissues (including testes) to accelerate aging; however, early mortality of late-generation mice seems to be independent of any link between p66SHC-mediated oxidative stress and telomere attrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Giorgio
- Experimental Oncology Department; European Institute of Oncology; Via Ripamonti 435 20141 Milan Italy
| | - Massimo Stendardo
- Experimental Oncology Department; European Institute of Oncology; Via Ripamonti 435 20141 Milan Italy
| | - Enrica Migliaccio
- Experimental Oncology Department; European Institute of Oncology; Via Ripamonti 435 20141 Milan Italy
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- Experimental Oncology Department; European Institute of Oncology; Via Ripamonti 435 20141 Milan Italy
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163
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Ni C, Li C, Dong Y, Guo X, Zhang Y, Xie Z. Anesthetic Isoflurane Induces DNA Damage Through Oxidative Stress and p53 Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3591-3605. [PMID: 27194299 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9937-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage is associated with aging and neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Isoflurane is a commonly used anesthetic. It remains largely unknown whether isoflurane induces DNA damage. Phosphorylation of the histone protein H2A variant X at Ser139 (γH2A.X) is a marker of DNA damage. We therefore set out to assess the effects of isoflurane on γH2A.X level in H4 human neuroglioma cells and in brain tissues of mice. Oxidative stress, caspase-activated DNase (CAD), and the p53 signaling pathway are involved in DNA damage. Thus, we determined the interaction of isoflurane with reactive oxygen species (ROS), CAD, and p53 to illustrate the underlying mechanisms. The cells were treated with 2 % isoflurane for 3 or 6 h. The mice were anesthetized with 1.4 % isoflurane for 2 h. Western blot, immunostaining and live cell fluorescence staining were used in the experiments. We showed that isoflurane increased levels of γH2A.X, cleaved caspase-3, and nucleus translocation of CAD and decreased levels of inhibitor of CAD (ICAD) and p53. Isoflurane enhanced the nucleus level of γH2A.X. Moreover, caspase inhibitor Z-VAD and ROS generation inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) attenuated the isoflurane-induced increase in γH2A.X level. However, NAC did not significantly alter the isoflurane-induced reduction in p53 level. Finally, p53 activator (actinomycin D) and inhibitor (pifithrin-α) attenuated and potentiated the isoflurane-induced increase in γH2A.X level, respectively. These findings suggest that isoflurane might induce DNA damage, as represented by increased γH2A.X level, via induction of oxidative stress and inhibition of the repair of DNA damage through the p53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St., Room 4310, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Cheng Li
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St., Room 4310, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yuanlin Dong
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St., Room 4310, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St., Room 4310, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Zhongcong Xie
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St., Room 4310, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
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164
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Uchiumi F, Shoji K, Sasaki Y, Sasaki M, Sasaki Y, Oyama T, Sugisawa K, Tanuma SI. Characterization of the 5'-flanking region of the human TP53 gene and its response to the natural compound, Resveratrol. J Biochem 2016; 159:437-47. [PMID: 26684585 PMCID: PMC4885937 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvv126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour suppressor p53, which is encoded by theTP53gene, is widely known to play an important role in response to DNA damage and various stresses. It has recently been reported that p53 regulates glucose metabolism and that an increase in p53 protein level is induced after serum deprivation or treatments with a natural compound,trans-Resveratrol (Rsv). In this study, we constructed a Luciferase expression vector, pGL4-TP53-551, containing 551 bp of the 5'-upstream region of the humanTP53gene, which was then transfected into HeLa S3 cells. A Luciferase assay showed that Rsv treatment increased the promoter activity of theTP53gene in comparison to that ofPIF1 Detailed deletion and mutation analyses revealed that Nkx-2.5 and E2F-binding elements are required in addition to duplicated GGAA (TTCC), for the regulation ofTP53promoter activity. In this study, it is suggested that the transient induction ofTP53gene expression by Rsv treatment might be partly involved in its anti-aging effect through maintenance of chromosomal DNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Uchiumi
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Research Center for RNA Science, RIST;
| | - Koichiro Shoji
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Yuki Sasaki
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Moe Sasaki
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Yamato Sasaki
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Takahiro Oyama
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Kyoko Sugisawa
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Sei-ichi Tanuma
- Research Center for RNA Science, RIST; Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; and Drug Creation Frontier Research Center, RIST, Tokyo University of Science, Noda-shi, Chiba-ken 278-8510, Japan
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165
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Donati B, Valenti L. Telomeres, NAFLD and Chronic Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:383. [PMID: 26999107 PMCID: PMC4813240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres consist of repeat DNA sequences located at the terminal portion of chromosomes that shorten during mitosis, protecting the tips of chromosomes. During chronic degenerative conditions associated with high cell replication rate, progressive telomere attrition is accentuated, favoring senescence and genomic instability. Several lines of evidence suggest that this process is involved in liver disease progression: (a) telomere shortening and alterations in the expression of proteins protecting the telomere are associated with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma; (b) advanced liver damage is a feature of a spectrum of genetic diseases impairing telomere function, and inactivating germline mutations in the telomerase complex (including human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) and human Telomerase RNA Component (hTERC)) are enriched in cirrhotic patients independently of the etiology; and (c) experimental models suggest that telomerase protects from liver fibrosis progression. Conversely, reactivation of telomerase occurs during hepatocarcinogenesis, allowing the immortalization of the neoplastic clone. The role of telomere attrition may be particularly relevant in the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver, an emerging cause of advanced liver disease. Modulation of telomerase or shelterins may be exploited to prevent liver disease progression, and to define specific treatments for different stages of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Donati
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy.
| | - Luca Valenti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy.
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166
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Zhou Y, Ning Z, Lee Y, Hambly BD, McLachlan CS. Shortened leukocyte telomere length in type 2 diabetes mellitus: genetic polymorphisms in mitochondrial uncoupling proteins and telomeric pathways. Clin Transl Med 2016; 5:8. [PMID: 26951191 PMCID: PMC4781821 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-016-0089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Current debate in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has focused on shortened leukocyte telomere length (LTL) as the result of a number of possible causes, including polymorphisms in mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) leading to oxidative stress, telomere regulatory pathway gene polymorphisms, or as a direct result of associated cardiovascular complications inducing tissue organ inflammation and oxidative stress. There is evidence that a heritable shorter telomere trait is a risk factor for development of T2DM. This review discusses the contribution and balance of genetic regulation of UCPs and telomere pathways in the context of T2DM. We discuss genotypes that are well known to influence the shortening of LTL, in particular OBFC1 and telomerase genotypes such as TERC. Interestingly, the interaction between short telomeres and T2DM risk appears to involve mitochondrial dysfunction as an intermediate process. A hypothesis is presented that genetic heterogeneity within UCPs may directly affect oxidative stress that feeds back to influence the fine balance of telomere regulation, cell cycle regulation and diabetes risk and/or metabolic disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Zhou
- Faculty of Medicine, Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Samuels Building, Level 3, Room 327, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | - Zhixin Ning
- Faculty of Medicine, Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Samuels Building, Level 3, Room 327, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | - Yvonne Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Samuels Building, Level 3, Room 327, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | - Brett D Hambly
- Discipline of Pathology, Bosch Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Craig S McLachlan
- Faculty of Medicine, Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Samuels Building, Level 3, Room 327, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
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167
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Short Telomeres in Key Tissues Initiate Local and Systemic Aging in Zebrafish. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005798. [PMID: 26789415 PMCID: PMC4720274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres shorten with each cell division and telomere dysfunction is a recognized hallmark of aging. Tissue proliferation is expected to dictate the rate at which telomeres shorten. We set out to test whether proliferative tissues age faster than non-proliferative due to telomere shortening during zebrafish aging. We performed a prospective study linking telomere length to tissue pathology and disease. Contrary to expectations, we show that telomeres shorten to critical lengths only in specific tissues and independently of their proliferation rate. Short telomeres accumulate in the gut but not in other highly proliferative tissues such as the blood and gonads. Notably, the muscle, a low proliferative tissue, accumulates short telomeres and DNA damage at the same rate as the gut. Together, our work shows that telomere shortening and DNA damage in key tissues triggers not only local dysfunction but also anticipates the onset of age-associated diseases in other tissues, including cancer. Why, and how, organisms age and ultimately die is a key question of modern biology. Telomeres are considered molecular timekeepers determining cellular lifespans. Within an organism, tissue proliferation is expected to dictate the rate at which telomeres shorten. Using zebrafish, an organism with human-like telomeres, we set out to test whether, in natural aging, proliferative tissues age faster than non-proliferative in a telomere-dependent manner. We found that telomeres shorten with age to a level where they trigger telomere associated DNA damage and culminate in tissue dysfunction, independently of high or low tissue proliferation rates. Specifically, short telomeres accumulate in the gut, a highly proliferative tissue, and in the muscle, a low proliferative tissue, working as direct predictors of cellular damage prior to onset of intestinal inflammation and myocyte degeneration. Based on our data, we propose a model where telomere shortening in these key tissues is sufficient to trigger damage in others and precedes the onset of organism age-associated diseases, namely cancer. Thus, tissue-specific telomere length is limiting for local and systemic physiological integrity, leading to tissue degeneration and disease in aging.
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168
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Tyrka AR, Parade SH, Price LH, Kao HT, Porton B, Philip NS, Welch ES, Carpenter LL. Alterations of Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Telomere Length With Early Adversity and Psychopathology. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 79:78-86. [PMID: 25749099 PMCID: PMC4503518 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomere shortening and alterations of mitochondrial biogenesis are involved in cellular aging. Childhood adversity is associated with telomere shortening, and several investigations have shown short telomeres in psychiatric disorders. Recent studies have examined whether mitochondria might be involved in neuropsychiatric conditions; findings are limited and no prior work has examined this in relation to stress exposure. METHODS Two-hundred ninety healthy adults provided information on childhood parental loss and maltreatment and completed diagnostic interviews. Participants were categorized into four groups based upon the presence or absence of childhood adversity and the presence or absence of lifetime psychopathology (depressive, anxiety, and substance use disorders). Telomere length and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number were measured from leukocyte DNA by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Childhood adversity and lifetime psychopathology were each associated with shorter telomeres (p < .01) and higher mtDNA copy numbers (p < .001). Significantly higher mtDNA copy numbers and shorter telomeres were seen in individuals with major depression, depressive disorders, and anxiety disorders, as well as those with parental loss and childhood maltreatment. A history of substance disorders was also associated with significantly higher mtDNA copy numbers. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first evidence of an alteration of mitochondrial biogenesis with early life stress and with anxiety and substance use disorders. We replicate prior work on telomere length and psychopathology and show that this effect is not secondary to medication use or comorbid medical illness. Finally, we show that early life stress and psychopathology are each associated with these markers of cellular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey R. Tyrka
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Stephanie H. Parade
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Bradley/Hasbro Children’s Research Center, E. P. Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lawrence H. Price
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Hung-Teh Kao
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Barbara Porton
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Noah S. Philip
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Emma S. Welch
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Linda L. Carpenter
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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169
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Zhu H, Sarkar S, Scott L, Danelisen I, Trush MA, Jia Z, Li YR. Doxorubicin Redox Biology: Redox Cycling, Topoisomerase Inhibition, and Oxidative Stress. REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (APEX, N.C.) 2016; 1:189-198. [PMID: 29707645 PMCID: PMC5921833 DOI: 10.20455/ros.2016.835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (also called Adriamycin) is effective in treating a wide range of human cancers and currently considered as one of the most important drugs in cancer chemotherapeutics. The clinical use of doxorubicin is, however, associated with dosage-dependent cardiotoxicity and development of heart failure, which diminish the therapeutic index of this widely used anticancer drug. This article first surveys key research findings on doxorubicin redox biology that may impact its cardiotoxicity as well as anticancer activity. It then discusses emerging concepts, especially the topoisomerase IIb-p53-mitochondrion axis that may lead to the development of mechanistically based novel strategies to protect against cardiotoxicity and enhance the effectiveness of doxorubicin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
| | - Soumyadeep Sarkar
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
| | - Laura Scott
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Igor Danelisen
- School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
| | - Michael A Trush
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zhenquan Jia
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Y Robert Li
- School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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170
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Liu F, Du J, Song D, Xu M, Sun G. A sensitive fluorescent sensor for the detection of endogenous hydroxyl radicals in living cells and bacteria and direct imaging with respect to its ecotoxicity in living zebra fish. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:4636-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc10658c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
MPT-Cy2exhibited excellent selectivity and sensitivity toward ˙OH over other ROS and showed a high potential for the imaging of endogenous ˙OH in living cells and various types of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology
- Guangzhou 510070
- P. R. China
| | - Juan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology
- Guangzhou 510070
- P. R. China
| | - Da Song
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology
- Guangzhou 510070
- P. R. China
| | - Meiying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology
- Guangzhou 510070
- P. R. China
| | - Guoping Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology
- Guangzhou 510070
- P. R. China
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171
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172
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Association of telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number with risperidone treatment response in first-episode antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18553. [PMID: 26680692 PMCID: PMC4683467 DOI: 10.1038/srep18553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates a putative association of telomere length and mitochondrial function with antipsychotics response in schizophrenia (SCZ). However, pharmacological findings were limited and no previous work has assessed this in a prospective longitudinal study. This study assessed telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number in first-episode antipsychotic-naïve SCZ patients with 8-week risperidone treatment to evaluate the association between these biomarkers and clinical treatment response. We recruited 137 first-episode antipsychotic-naive SCZ patients (and 144 controls) at baseline and 89 patients completed the 8-week follow-up. Patients, completed follow-up, were divided into Responders (N = 46) and Non-Responders (N = 43) according to the percentage of symptoms improvement. Linear regression analyses show that SCZ patients had significantly lower mtDNA copy number (β = -0.108, p = 0.002), and no alteration of telomere length when compared with healthy controls. In addition, compared with Non-Responders, Responders had significantly lower mtDNA copy number (β = -0.178, p = 0.001), and longer telomere length (β = 0.111, p = 0.071) before the 8-week treatment. After treatment, Responders persisted lower mtDNA copy number comparing with No-Responders (partial η(2) = 0.125, p = 0.001). These findings suggest that telomere length and mtDNA copy number may hold the potential to serve as predictors of antipsychotic response of SCZ patients.
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173
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The asymmetry of telomere replication contributes to replicative senescence heterogeneity. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15326. [PMID: 26468778 PMCID: PMC4606794 DOI: 10.1038/srep15326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, the absence of telomerase results in telomere shortening, eventually leading to replicative senescence, an arrested state that prevents further cell divisions. While replicative senescence is mainly controlled by telomere length, the heterogeneity of its onset is not well understood. This study proposes a mathematical model based on the molecular mechanisms of telomere replication and shortening to decipher the causes of this heterogeneity. Using simulations fitted on experimental data obtained from individual lineages of senescent Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, we decompose the sources of senescence heterogeneity into interclonal and intraclonal components, and show that the latter is based on the asymmetry of the telomere replication mechanism. We also evidence telomere rank-switching events with distinct frequencies in short-lived versus long-lived lineages, revealing that telomere shortening dynamics display important variations. Thus, the intrinsic heterogeneity of replicative senescence and its consequences find their roots in the asymmetric structure of telomeres.
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174
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Palikaras K, Lionaki E, Tavernarakis N. Balancing mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy to maintain energy metabolism homeostasis. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:1399-401. [PMID: 26256515 PMCID: PMC4532782 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Palikaras
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - E Lionaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - N Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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175
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Biomolecular bases of the senescence process and cancer. A new approach to oncological treatment linked to ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 23:125-38. [PMID: 25847820 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human ageing is associated with a gradual decline in the physiological functions of the body at multiple levels and it is a key risk factor for many diseases, including cancer. Ageing process is intimately related to widespread cellular senescence, characterised by an irreversible loss of proliferative capacity and altered functioning associated with telomere attrition, accumulation of DNA damage and compromised mitochondrial and metabolic function. Tumour and senescent cells may be generated in response to the same stimuli, where either cellular senescence or transformation would constitute two opposite outcomes of the same degenerative process. This paper aims to review the state of knowledge on the biomolecular relationship between cellular senescence, ageing and cancer. Importantly, many of the cell signalling pathways that are found to be altered during both cellular senescence and tumourigenesis are regulated through shared epigenetic mechanisms and, therefore, they are potentially reversible. MicroRNAs are emerging as pivotal players linking ageing and cancer. These small RNA molecules have generated great interest from the point of view of future clinical therapy for cancer because successful experimental results have been obtained in animal models. Micro-RNA therapies for cancer are already being tested in clinical phase trials. These findings have potential importance in cancer treatment in aged people although further research-based knowledge is needed to convert them into an effective molecular therapies for cancer linked to ageing.
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176
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Petrova V, Mancini M, Agostini M, Knight RA, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Barlev NA, Melino G, Amelio I. TAp73 transcriptionally represses BNIP3 expression. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:2484-93. [PMID: 25950386 PMCID: PMC4612661 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1044178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TAp73 is a tumor suppressor transcriptional factor, belonging to p53 family. Alteration of TAp73 in tumors might lead to reduced DNA damage response, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Carcinogen-induced TAp73(-/-) tumors display also increased angiogenesis, associated to hyperactivition of hypoxia inducible factor signaling. Here, we show that TAp73 suppresses BNIP3 expression, directly binding its gene promoter. BNIP3 is a hypoxia responsive protein, involved in a variety of cellular processes, such as autophagy, mitophagy, apoptosis and necrotic-like cell death. Therefore, through different cellular process altered expression of BNIP3 may differently contribute to cancer development and progression. We found a significant upregulation of BNIP3 in human lung cancer datasets, and we identified a direct association between BNIP3 expression and survival rate of lung cancer patients. Our data therefore provide a novel transcriptional target of TAp73, associated to its antagonistic role on HIF signaling in cancer, which might play a role in tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara Petrova
- Medical Research Council; Toxicology Unit; Leicester University; Leicester, UK
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory; Saint-Petersburg Institute of Technology; Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mara Mancini
- Medical Research Council; Toxicology Unit; Leicester University; Leicester, UK
| | - Massimiliano Agostini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery; University of Rome “Tor Vergata”; Rome, Italy
| | - Richard A Knight
- Medical Research Council; Toxicology Unit; Leicester University; Leicester, UK
| | | | - Nikolai A Barlev
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory; Saint-Petersburg Institute of Technology; Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Gene Expression Laboratory; Institute of Cytology; Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council; Toxicology Unit; Leicester University; Leicester, UK
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory; Saint-Petersburg Institute of Technology; Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery; University of Rome “Tor Vergata”; Rome, Italy
- Biochemistry Laboratory IDI-IRCC; Rome, Italy
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Medical Research Council; Toxicology Unit; Leicester University; Leicester, UK
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177
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Abstract
Aging is characterized by a decrease in genome integrity, impaired organ maintenance, and an increased risk of cancer, which coincide with clonal dominance of expanded mutant stem and progenitor cell populations in aging tissues, such as the intestinal epithelium, the hematopoietic system, and the male germline. Here we discuss possible explanations for age-associated increases in the initiation and/or progression of mutant stem/progenitor clones and highlight the roles of stem cell quiescence, replication-associated DNA damage, telomere shortening, epigenetic alterations, and metabolic challenges as determinants of stem cell mutations and clonal dominance in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Adams
- University of Glasgow and Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Heinrich Jasper
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA
| | - K Lenhard Rudolph
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V. (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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178
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Castorina A, Szychlinska MA, Marzagalli R, Musumeci G. Mesenchymal stem cells-based therapy as a potential treatment in neurodegenerative disorders: is the escape from senescence an answer? Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:850-8. [PMID: 26199588 PMCID: PMC4498333 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.158352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the most prominent risk factor contributing to the development of neurodegenerative disorders. In the United States, over 35 million of elderly people suffer from age-related diseases. Aging impairs the self-repair ability of neuronal cells, which undergo progressive deterioration. Once initiated, this process hampers the already limited regenerative power of the central nervous system, making the search for new therapeutic strategies particularly difficult in elderly affected patients. So far, mesenchymal stem cells have proven to be a viable option to ameliorate certain aspects of neurodegeneration, as they possess high proliferative rate and differentiate in vitro into multiple lineages. However, accumulating data have demonstrated that during long-term culture, mesenchymal stem cells undergo spontaneous transformation. Transformed mesenchymal stem cells show typical features of senescence, including the progressive shortening of telomers, which results in cell loss and, as a consequence, hampered regenerative potential. These evidences, in line with those observed in mesenchymal stem cells isolated from old donors, suggest that senescence may represent a limit to mesenchymal stem cells exploitation in therapy, prompting scholars to either find alternative sources of pluripotent cells or to arrest the age-related transformation. In the present review, we summarize findings from recent literature, and critically discuss some of the major hurdles encountered in the search of appropriate sources of mesenchymal stem cells, as well as benefits arising from their use in neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we provide some insights that may aid in the development of strategies to arrest or, at least, delay the aging of mesenchymal stem cells to improve their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Castorina
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, Catania, Italy
| | - Marta Anna Szychlinska
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, Catania, Italy
| | - Rubina Marzagalli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, Catania, Italy
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179
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Pantziarka P. Primed for cancer: Li Fraumeni Syndrome and the pre-cancerous niche. Ecancermedicalscience 2015; 9:541. [PMID: 26082798 PMCID: PMC4462886 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2015.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex relationship between tumour and stroma is still being elucidated but it is clear that cancer is a disease of more than just malignant cells. However, the dominant focus of our current understanding of Li Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS) remains on the function of p53 as ‘guardian of the genome’. Recent evidence shows that the TP53 gene is at the nexus of a wider range of functions, including aspects of cellular metabolism, aging and immunity. Incorporating this broader picture of the role of TP53 together with our understanding of the role of the host microenvironment in cancer initiation and progression gives a more nuanced picture of LFS. Furthermore, there is clinical evidence to suggest that the host environment in healthy individuals with LFS already includes some of the features of a ‘pre-cancerous niche’ that makes cancer initiation more likely. It is suggested, finally, that there are pharmacological interventions capable of altering this pre-cancerous niche, thus potentially reducing the cancer risk in individuals with LFS.
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180
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Gonzalez-Freire M, de Cabo R, Bernier M, Sollott SJ, Fabbri E, Navas P, Ferrucci L. Reconsidering the Role of Mitochondria in Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 70:1334-42. [PMID: 25995290 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction has long been considered a major contributor to aging and age-related diseases. Harman's Mitochondrial Free Radical Theory of Aging postulated that somatic mitochondrial DNA mutations that accumulate over the life span cause excessive production of reactive oxygen species that damage macromolecules and impair cell and tissue function. Indeed, studies have shown that maximal oxidative capacity declines with age while reactive oxygen species production increases. Harman's hypothesis has been seriously challenged by recent studies showing that reactive oxygen species evoke metabolic health and longevity, perhaps through hormetic mechanisms that include autophagy. The purpose of this review is to scan the ever-growing literature on mitochondria from the perspective of aging research and try to identify priority questions that should be addressed in future research. METHODS A systematic search of peer-reviewed studies was performed using PubMed. Search terms included (i) mitochondria or mitochondrial; (ii) aging, ageing, older adults or elderly; and (iii) reactive oxygen species, mitochondria dynamics, mitochondrial proteostasis, cytosol, mitochondrial-associated membranes, redox homeostasis, electron transport chain, electron transport chain efficiency, epigenetic regulation, DNA heteroplasmy. RESULTS The importance of mitochondrial biology as a trait d'union between the basic biology of aging and the pathogenesis of age-related diseases is stronger than ever, although the emphasis has moved from reactive oxygen species production to other aspects of mitochondrial physiology, including mitochondrial biogenesis and turnover, energy sensing, apoptosis, senescence, and calcium dynamics. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondria could play a key role in the pathophysiology of aging or in the earlier stages of some events that lead to the aging phenotype. Therefore, mitochondria will increasingly be targeted to prevent and treat chronic diseases and to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Steven J Sollott
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Elisa Fabbri
- Translational Gerontology Branch, and Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy 40126
| | - Placido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain 41013
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181
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Hu JJ, Wong NK, Ye S, Chen X, Lu MY, Zhao AQ, Guo Y, Ma ACH, Leung AYH, Shen J, Yang D. Fluorescent Probe HKSOX-1 for Imaging and Detection of Endogenous Superoxide in Live Cells and In Vivo. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:6837-43. [PMID: 25988218 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b01881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide anion radical (O2(•-)) is undoubtedly the most important primary reactive oxygen species (ROS) found in cells, whose formation and fate are intertwined with diverse physiological and pathological processes. Here we report a highly sensitive and selective O2(•-) detecting strategy involving O2(•-) cleavage of an aryl trifluoromethanesulfonate group to yield a free phenol. We have synthesized three new O2(•-) fluorescent probes (HKSOX-1, HKSOX-1r for cellular retention, and HKSOX-1m for mitochondria-targeting) which exhibit excellent selectivity and sensitivity toward O2(•-) over a broad range of pH, strong oxidants, and abundant reductants found in cells. In confocal imaging, flow cytometry, and 96-well microplate assay, HKSOX-1r has been robustly applied to detect O2(•-) in multiple cellular models, such as inflammation and mitochondrial stress. Additionally, our probes can be efficiently applied to visualize O2(•-) in intact live zebrafish embryos. These probes open up exciting opportunities for unmasking the roles of O2(•-) in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jacob Hu
- †Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, ‡School of Chinese Medicine, and §Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Nai-Kei Wong
- †Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, ‡School of Chinese Medicine, and §Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Sen Ye
- †Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, ‡School of Chinese Medicine, and §Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Xingmiao Chen
- †Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, ‡School of Chinese Medicine, and §Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Yang Lu
- †Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, ‡School of Chinese Medicine, and §Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Angela Qian Zhao
- †Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, ‡School of Chinese Medicine, and §Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Yuhan Guo
- †Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, ‡School of Chinese Medicine, and §Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Alvin Chun-Hang Ma
- †Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, ‡School of Chinese Medicine, and §Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Anskar Yu-Hung Leung
- †Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, ‡School of Chinese Medicine, and §Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Jiangang Shen
- †Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, ‡School of Chinese Medicine, and §Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Dan Yang
- †Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, ‡School of Chinese Medicine, and §Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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182
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Colla S, Ong DST, Ogoti Y, Marchesini M, Mistry NA, Clise-Dwyer K, Ang SA, Storti P, Viale A, Giuliani N, Ruisaard K, Ganan Gomez I, Bristow CA, Estecio M, Weksberg DC, Ho YW, Hu B, Genovese G, Pettazzoni P, Multani AS, Jiang S, Hua S, Ryan MC, Carugo A, Nezi L, Wei Y, Yang H, D'Anca M, Zhang L, Gaddis S, Gong T, Horner JW, Heffernan TP, Jones P, Cooper LJN, Liang H, Kantarjian H, Wang YA, Chin L, Bueso-Ramos C, Garcia-Manero G, DePinho RA. Telomere dysfunction drives aberrant hematopoietic differentiation and myelodysplastic syndrome. Cancer Cell 2015; 27:644-57. [PMID: 25965571 PMCID: PMC4596059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) risk correlates with advancing age, therapy-induced DNA damage, and/or shorter telomeres, but whether telomere erosion directly induces MDS is unknown. Here, we provide the genetic evidence that telomere dysfunction-induced DNA damage drives classical MDS phenotypes and alters common myeloid progenitor (CMP) differentiation by repressing the expression of mRNA splicing/processing genes, including SRSF2. RNA-seq analyses of telomere dysfunctional CMP identified aberrantly spliced transcripts linked to pathways relevant to MDS pathogenesis such as genome stability, DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, and histone modification, which are also enriched in mouse CMP haploinsufficient for SRSF2 and in CD34(+) CMML patient cells harboring SRSF2 mutation. Together, our studies establish an intimate link across telomere biology, aberrant RNA splicing, and myeloid progenitor differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Colla
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Derrick Sek Tong Ong
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yamini Ogoti
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matteo Marchesini
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nipun A Mistry
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Karen Clise-Dwyer
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sonny A Ang
- Department of Pediatric Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paola Storti
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Viale
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nicola Giuliani
- Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Kathryn Ruisaard
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Irene Ganan Gomez
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christopher A Bristow
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marcos Estecio
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - David C Weksberg
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yan Wing Ho
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Baoli Hu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Giannicola Genovese
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Piergiorgio Pettazzoni
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Asha S Multani
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sujun Hua
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Alessandro Carugo
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Luigi Nezi
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yue Wei
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marianna D'Anca
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sarah Gaddis
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Ting Gong
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - James W Horner
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Timothy P Heffernan
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Philip Jones
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Laurence J N Cooper
- Department of Pediatric Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Han Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hagop Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Y Alan Wang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lynda Chin
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Carlos Bueso-Ramos
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guillermo Garcia-Manero
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ronald A DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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183
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Kota LN, Purushottam M, Moily NS, Jain S. Shortened telomere in unremitted schizophrenia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2015; 69:292-7. [PMID: 25430532 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Telomere attrition has been noted in many neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative syndromes, and may indicate a shared molecular pathology across conditions. We evaluated telomere length in subjects with remitted and unremitted schizophrenia and in control subjects. METHODS We measured telomere length as relative telomere/single-copy gene ratios in subjects with schizophrenia (n = 71) using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. This was compared with relative telomere/single-copy gene ratios in age-matched controls without neuropsychiatric illness (n = 73). RESULTS The relative telomere/single-copy gene ratios were significantly lower in subjects with unremitted schizophrenia when compared with control subjects (r = -0.281, P = 0.003), as well as the individuals with remitted schizophrenia. CONCLUSION The lower relative telomere length in unremitted schizophrenia subjects may thus indicate shared biological pathways with other neurodegenerative disorders that are also characterized by increased cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Narayanan Kota
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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184
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Tyrka AR, Carpenter LL, Kao HT, Porton B, Philip NS, Ridout SJ, Ridout KK, Price LH. Association of telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number in a community sample of healthy adults. Exp Gerontol 2015; 66:17-20. [PMID: 25845980 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cellular aging plays a role in longevity and senescence, and has been implicated in medical and psychiatric conditions, including heart disease, cancer, major depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. Telomere shortening and mitochondrial dysfunction are thought to be central to the cellular aging process. The present study examined the association between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and telomere length in a sample of medically healthy adults. Participants (total n=392) were divided into 4 groups based on the presence or absence of early life adversity and lifetime psychopathology: No Adversity/No Disorder, n=136; Adversity/No Disorder, n=91; No Adversity/Disorder, n=46; Adversity/Disorder, n=119. Telomere length and mtDNA copy number were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. There was a positive correlation between mtDNA and telomere length in the entire sample (r=0.120, p<0.001) and in each of the four groups of participants (No Adversity/No Disorder, r=0.291, p=0.001; Adversity/No Disorder r=0.279, p=0.007; No Adversity/Disorder r=0.449, p=0.002; Adversity/Disorder, r=0.558, p<0.001). These correlations remained significant when controlling for age, smoking, and body mass index and establish an association between mtDNA and telomere length in a large group of women and men both with and without early adversity and psychopathology, suggesting co-regulation of telomeres and mitochondrial function. The mechanisms underlying this association may be important in the pathophysiology of age-related medical conditions, such as heart disease and cancer, as well as for stress-associated psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey R Tyrka
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA.
| | - Linda L Carpenter
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA
| | - Hung-Teh Kao
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA; Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Barbara Porton
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA; Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Noah S Philip
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA
| | - Samuel J Ridout
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA
| | - Kathryn K Ridout
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA
| | - Lawrence H Price
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA
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185
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Baragetti A, Palmen J, Garlaschelli K, Grigore L, Pellegatta F, Tragni E, Catapano AL, Humphries SE, Norata GD, Talmud PJ. Telomere shortening over 6 years is associated with increased subclinical carotid vascular damage and worse cardiovascular prognosis in the general population. J Intern Med 2015; 277:478-87. [PMID: 25040775 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leucocyte telomere length (LTL) is an important determinant of telomere function and cellular replicative capacity. The aim of the present study was to examine prospectively the associations between telomere shortening (TS) and both the progression of atherosclerosis and the incidence of cardiovascular events (CVEs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Leucocyte telomere length was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction to determine the ratio of telomere length to single-copy gene (T/S) in 768 subjects (462 female and 306 male) enrolled in a large general population survey [the Progressione della Lesione Intimale Carotidea (PLIC study)]. Common carotid artery intima-media thickness was determined at baseline and after 6 years of follow-up, and the associations between TS and the progression of atherosclerosis and incidence of CVEs were evaluated. RESULTS Mean LTL was 1.25 ± 0.92 T/S (median 1.14) at baseline and 0.70 ± 0.37 T/S (median 0.70) after 6 years of follow-up. Median 6-year LTL change was -0.46 T/S [interquartile range (IQR) -0.57 to 1.06], equating to -0.078 T/S [IQR(-0.092 to 0.176)] per year. Of note, telomere lengthening occurred in 30.4% of subjects. After adjustment for classical cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (age, gender, smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, systolic blood pressure, glucose levels, lipid profile and therapies), TS was associated with incident subclinical carotid vascular damage [hazard ratio (HR) 5.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20-22.4, P = 0.028]. Finally, subjects in whom LTL shortened over time showed an increased risk of incident CVE, compared to those in whom LTL lengthened (HR 1.69, CI 1.02-2.78, P = 0.041). CONCLUSION These data indicate that TS is associated with increased risk of subclinical carotid vascular damage and increased incidence of CVEs beyond CVD risk factors in the general population, whereas LTL lengthening is protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Baragetti
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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186
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Puterman E, Lin J, Krauss J, Blackburn EH, Epel ES. Determinants of telomere attrition over 1 year in healthy older women: stress and health behaviors matter. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:529-35. [PMID: 25070535 PMCID: PMC4310821 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Telomere length, a reliable predictor of disease pathogenesis, can be affected by genetics, chronic stress and health behaviors. Cross-sectionally, highly stressed postmenopausal women have shorter telomeres, but only if they are inactive. However, no studies have prospectively examined telomere length change over a short period, and if rate of attrition is affected by naturalistic factors such as stress and engagement in healthy behaviors, including diet, exercise, and sleep. Here we followed healthy women over 1 year to test if major stressors that occurred over the year predicted telomere shortening, and whether engaging in healthy behaviors during this period mitigates this effect. In 239 postmenopausal, non-smoking, disease-free women, accumulation of major life stressors across a 1-year period predicted telomere attrition over the same period-for every major life stressor that occurred during the year, there was a significantly greater decline in telomere length over the year of 35 bp (P<0.05). Yet, these effects were moderated by health behaviors (interaction B=0.19, P=0.04). Women who maintained relatively higher levels of health behaviors (1 s.d. above the mean) appeared to be protected when exposed to stress. This finding has implications for understanding malleability of telomere length, as well as expectations for possible intervention effects. This is the first study to identify predictors of telomere length change over the short period of a year.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Puterman
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Krauss
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - E H Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - E S Epel
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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187
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Cognitive frailty, a novel target for the prevention of elderly dependency. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 20:1-10. [PMID: 25555677 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Frailty is a complex and heterogeneous clinical syndrome. Cognitive frailty has been considered as a subtype of frailty. In this study, we refine the definition of cognitive frailty based on existing reports about frailty and the latest progress in cognition research. We obtain evidence from the literature regarding the role of pre-physical frailty in pathological aging. We propose that cognitive impairment of cognitive frailty results from physical or pre-physical frailty and comprises two subtypes: the reversible and the potentially reversible. Reversible cognitive impairment is indicated by subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and/or positive fluid and imaging biomarkers of amyloid-β accumulation and neurodegeneration. Potentially reversible cognitive impairment is MCI (CDR=0.5). Based on the severity of cognitive impairment, it is possible to determine the primary and secondary preventative measures for cognitive frailty. We further determine whether SCD is a component of pre-clinical AD or the early stage of other neurodegenerative diseases, which is required for guiding personal clinical intervention.
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188
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Ogborn DI, McKay BR, Crane JD, Safdar A, Akhtar M, Parise G, Tarnopolsky MA. Effects of age and unaccustomed resistance exercise on mitochondrial transcript and protein abundance in skeletal muscle of men. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 308:R734-41. [PMID: 25695287 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00005.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to age-associated muscle atrophy. Previous data has shown that resistance exercise (RE) increases mitochondrial gene expression and enzyme activity in older adults; however, the acute response to RE has not been well characterized. To characterize the acute mitochondrial response to unaccustomed RE, healthy young (21 ± 3 yr) and older (70 ± 4 yr) men performed a unilateral RE bout for the knee extensors. Muscle biopsies were taken at rest and 3, 24, and 48 h following leg press and knee extension exercise. The expression of the mitochondrial transcriptional regulator proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) mRNA was increased at 3 h postexercise; however, all other mitochondrial variables decreased over the postexercise period, irrespective of age. ND1, ND4, and citrate synthase (CS) mRNA were all lower at 48 h postexercise, along with specific protein subunits of complex II, III, IV, and ATP synthase. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number decreased by 48 h postexercise, and mtDNA deletions were higher in the older adults and remained unaffected by acute exercise. Elevated mitophagy could not explain the reduction in mitochondrial proteins and DNA, because there was no increase in ubiquitinated voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) or its association with PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (Pink1) or Parkin, and elevated p62 content indicated an impairment or reduction in autophagocytic flux. In conclusion, age did not influence the response of specific mitochondrial transcripts, proteins, and DNA to a bout of RE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adeel Safdar
- Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachussets
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189
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Chen Y, Lyga J. Brain-skin connection: stress, inflammation and skin aging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 13:177-90. [PMID: 24853682 PMCID: PMC4082169 DOI: 10.2174/1871528113666140522104422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intricate relationship between stress and skin conditions has been documented since ancient times. Recent clinical observations also link psychological stress to the onset or aggravation of multiple skin diseases. However, the exact underlying mechanisms have only been studied and partially revealed in the past 20 years or so. In this review, the authors will discuss the recent discoveries in the field of “Brain-Skin Connection”, summarizing findings from the overlapping fields of psychology, endocrinology, skin neurobiology, skin inflammation, immunology, and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Lyga
- Global R&D, Avon Products. 1 Avon Place, Suffern, NY 10901, USA.
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190
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White WE, Yaqoob MM, Harwood SM. Aging and uremia: Is there cellular and molecular crossover? World J Nephrol 2015; 4:19-30. [PMID: 25664244 PMCID: PMC4317625 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v4.i1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many observers have noted that the morphological changes that occur in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients resemble those seen in the geriatric population, with strikingly similar morbidity and mortality profiles and rates of frailty in the two groups, and shared characteristics at a pathophysiological level especially in respect to the changes seen in their vascular and immune systems. However, whilst much has been documented about the shared physical characteristics of aging and uremia, the molecular and cellular similarities between the two have received less attention. In order to bridge this perceived gap we have reviewed published research concerning the common molecular processes seen in aging subjects and CKD patients, with specific attention to altered proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, post-translational protein modification, and senescence and telomere attrition. We have also sought to illustrate how the cell death and survival pathways apoptosis, necroptosis and autophagy are closely interrelated, and how an understanding of these overlapping pathways is helpful in order to appreciate the shared molecular basis behind the pathophysiology of aging and uremia. This analysis revealed many common molecular characteristics and showed similar patterns of cellular dysfunction. We conclude that the accelerated aging seen in patients with CKD is underpinned at the molecular level, and that a greater understanding of these molecular processes might eventually lead to new much needed therapeutic strategies of benefit to patients with renal disease.
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191
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Ziegler DV, Wiley CD, Velarde MC. Mitochondrial effectors of cellular senescence: beyond the free radical theory of aging. Aging Cell 2015; 14:1-7. [PMID: 25399755 PMCID: PMC4310776 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a process that results from a variety of stresses, leading to a state of irreversible growth arrest. Senescent cells accumulate during aging and have been implicated in promoting a variety of age-related diseases. Mitochondrial stress is an effective inducer of cellular senescence, but the mechanisms by which mitochondria regulate permanent cell growth arrest are largely unexplored. Here, we review some of the mitochondrial signaling pathways that participate in establishing cellular senescence. We discuss the role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dynamics (fission and fusion), the electron transport chain (ETC), bioenergetic balance, redox state, metabolic signature, and calcium homeostasis in controlling cellular growth arrest. We emphasize that multiple mitochondrial signaling pathways, besides mitochondrial ROS, can induce cellular senescence. Together, these pathways provide a broader perspective for studying the contribution of mitochondrial stress to aging, linking mitochondrial dysfunction and aging through the process of cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian V. Ziegler
- Département de Biologie Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon 46 allée d'Italie Lyon 69007 France
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging 8001 Redwood Blvd. Novato CA 94945 USA
| | | | - Michael C. Velarde
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging 8001 Redwood Blvd. Novato CA 94945 USA
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192
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Piano A, Titorenko VI. The Intricate Interplay between Mechanisms Underlying Aging and Cancer. Aging Dis 2015; 6:56-75. [PMID: 25657853 PMCID: PMC4306474 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2014.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is the major risk factor in the incidence of cancer, a hyperplastic disease associated with aging. Here, we discuss the complex interplay between mechanisms underlying aging and cancer as a reciprocal relationship. This relationship progresses with organismal age, follows the history of cell proliferation and senescence, is driven by common or antagonistic causes underlying aging and cancer in an age-dependent fashion, and is maintained via age-related convergent and divergent mechanisms. We summarize our knowledge of these mechanisms, outline the most important unanswered questions and suggest directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Piano
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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193
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Abstract
Aging is a complex, multifaceted process that induces a myriad of physiological changes over an extended period of time. Aging is accompanied by major biochemical and biomechanical changes at macroscopic and microscopic length scales that affect not only tissues and organs but also cells and subcellular organelles. These changes include transcriptional and epigenetic modifications; changes in energy production within mitochondria; and alterations in the overall mechanics of cells, their nuclei, and their surrounding extracellular matrix. In addition, aging influences the ability of cells to sense changes in extracellular-matrix compliance (mechanosensation) and to transduce these changes into biochemical signals (mechanotransduction). Moreover, following a complex positive-feedback loop, aging is accompanied by changes in the composition and structure of the extracellular matrix, resulting in changes in the mechanics of connective tissues in older individuals. Consequently, these progressive dysfunctions facilitate many human pathologies and deficits that are associated with aging, including cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and neurodegenerative disorders and diseases. Here, we critically review recent work highlighting some of the primary biophysical changes occurring in cells and tissues that accompany the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude M Phillip
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218
| | - Ivie Aifuwa
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218
| | - Jeremy Walston
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Denis Wirtz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218
- Departments of Oncology and Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
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194
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Kota LN, Bharath S, Purushottam M, Paul P, Sivakumar PT, Varghese M, Jain S. Reduced telomere length in subjects with dementia and diabetes mellitus type 2 is independent of apolipoprotein E4 genotype. Asian J Psychiatr 2014; 12:58-62. [PMID: 25440562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E4 gene is associated with increased risk of dementia with comorbid diabetes mellitus. Both dementia and diabetes mellitus type 2 are independently associated with telomere shortening. We assessed relative telomere length and apolipoprotein E genotype in subjects with dementia (n=70) and cognitively normal control groups (n=55) with and without comorbid diabetes mellitus type 2. Relative telomere length was highest in the control group (Q2=0.91) followed by dementia (Q2=0.48) and dementia with comorbid diabetes mellitus type 2 (Q2=0.39). Apolipoprotein E4 allele frequency was highest in dementia with comorbid diabetes mellitus type 2 (0.26). Apolipoprotein E4 allele was not significantly associated with telomere attrition in both dementia and cognitively normal group irrespective of comorbid diabetes mellitus type 2 (P>0.05). The findings suggest that relative telomere length is unrelated to apolipoprotein E4 genotype in dementia and cognitive normal subjects with or without comorbid diabetes mellitus type 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Narayanan Kota
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
| | - Srikala Bharath
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
| | - Meera Purushottam
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
| | - Pradip Paul
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
| | | | - Mathew Varghese
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
| | - Sanjeev Jain
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
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195
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Tait IS, Li Y, Lu J. Effects of PTEN on the longevity of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells: the role of antioxidants. Int J Mol Med 2014; 35:277-84. [PMID: 25395086 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a major cause of illness, disease and mortality, mainly due to the shortening of telomeres, resulting in cells undergoing senescence and apoptosis. Increasing autophagy and the levels of antioxidants removes oxidants that cause DNA and telomere damage, thus reducing the rate at which telomeres shorten, resulting in a longer cellular lifespan. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) has been shown to increase the lifespan of organisms by upregulating pathways involved in DNA damage repair, autophagy/antioxidants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the overexpression of PTEN on the longevity of human cell cultures by examining the increase in antioxidant potential. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) cultures were transfected with PTEN plasmids using lipofectamine. An assay was performed to quantify the protein levels of PTEN and the antioxidant potential of the cell cultures. The cell cultures were maintained until senescence occurred in order to determine longevity. The results of each assay were then compared and correlated with each other and with the longevity of the cells. The transfected cultures showed a significant increase in PTEN protein levels, total antioxidant potential and longevity (all P-values <0.001) compared with the non-transfected cell cultures. The correlation coefficient between cell longevity and PTEN levels was 0.8727; and the correlation coefficient between cell longevity and antioxidant potential was 0.6564. The successful transfection of PTEN led to an increase in PTEN levels, antioxidant potential and an increased cellular longevity. This study demonstrates that there is a potential for PTEN to be used to extend human longevity. This can lay the foundation for further studies to be carried out on humans involving PTEN and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izak S Tait
- School of Applied Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Yan Li
- School of Applied Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Applied Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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196
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Walters MS, De BP, Salit J, Buro-Auriemma LJ, Wilson T, Rogalski AM, Lief L, Hackett NR, Staudt MR, Tilley AE, Harvey BG, Kaner RJ, Mezey JG, Ashbridge B, Moore MAS, Crystal RG. Smoking accelerates aging of the small airway epithelium. Respir Res 2014; 15:94. [PMID: 25248511 PMCID: PMC4189169 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-014-0094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging involves multiple biologically complex processes characterized by a decline in cellular homeostasis over time leading to a loss and impairment of physiological integrity and function. Specific cellular hallmarks of aging include abnormal gene expression patterns, shortened telomeres and associated biological dysfunction. Like all organs, the lung demonstrates both physiological and structural changes with age that result in a progressive decrease in lung function in healthy individuals. Cigarette smoking accelerates lung function decline over time, suggesting smoking accelerates aging of the lung. Based on this data, we hypothesized that cigarette smoking accelerates the aging of the small airway epithelium, the cells that take the initial brunt of inhaled toxins from the cigarette smoke and one of the primary sites of pathology associated with cigarette smoking. METHODS Using the sensitive molecular parameters of aging-related gene expression and telomere length, the aging process of the small airway epithelium was assessed in age matched healthy nonsmokers and healthy smokers with no physical manifestation of lung disease or abnormalities in lung function. RESULTS Analysis of a 73 gene aging signature demonstrated that smoking significantly dysregulates 18 aging-related genes in the small airway epithelium. In an independent cohort of male subjects, smoking significantly reduced telomere length in the small airway epithelium of smokers by 14% compared to nonsmokers. CONCLUSION These data provide biologic evidence that smoking accelerates aging of the small airway epithelium.
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197
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Chuang SY, Lin CH, Fang JY. Natural compounds and aging: between autophagy and inflammasome. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:297293. [PMID: 25298963 PMCID: PMC4179937 DOI: 10.1155/2014/297293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aging, a natural physiological process, is characterized by a progressive loss of physiological integrity. Loss of cellular homeostasis in the aging process results from different sources, including changes in genes, cell imbalance, and dysregulation of the host-defense systems. Innate immunity dysfunctions during aging are connected with several human pathologies, including metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have clearly indicated that the decline in autophagic capacity that accompanies aging results in the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and further process dysfunction of the NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in the macrophages, which produce the proinflammatory cytokines. These factors impair cellular housekeeping and expose cells to higher risk in many age-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes. In this review, we investigated the relationship between dysregulation of the inflammasome activation and perturbed autophagy with aging as well as the possible molecular mechanisms. We also summarized the natural compounds from food intake, which have potential to reduce the inflammasome activation and enhance autophagy and can further improve the age-related diseases discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yi Chuang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Lin
- Center for General Education, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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198
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Verhoeven JE, Révész D, Wolkowitz OM, Penninx BWJH. Cellular aging in depression: Permanent imprint or reversible process?: An overview of the current evidence, mechanistic pathways, and targets for interventions. Bioessays 2014; 36:968-78. [PMID: 25143317 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201400068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Depression might be associated with accelerated cellular aging. However, does this result in an irreversible state or is the body able to slow down or recover from such a process? Telomeres are DNA-protein complexes that protect the ends of chromosomes and generally shorten with age; and therefore index cellular aging. The majority of studies indicate that persons with depression have shorter leukocyte telomeres than similarly aged non-depressed persons, which may contribute to the observed unfavorable somatic health outcomes in the depressed population. Some small-scale preliminary studies raise the possibility that behavioral or pharmacological interventions may either slow down or else reverse this accelerated telomere shortening, possibly through increasing the activity of the telomere-lengthening enzyme telomerase. This paper covers the current state of evidence in the relationship between depression and the telomere-telomerase system and debates whether depression-related cellular aging should be considered a reversible process or permanent damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josine E Verhoeven
- Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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199
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Abstract
The integrity of our genetic material is under constant attack from numerous endogenous and exogenous agents. The consequences of a defective DNA damage response are well studied in proliferating cells, especially with regards to the development of cancer, yet its precise roles in the nervous system are relatively poorly understood. Here we attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of the consequences of genomic instability in the nervous system. We highlight the neuropathology of congenital syndromes that result from mutations in DNA repair factors and underscore the importance of the DNA damage response in neural development. In addition, we describe the findings of recent studies, which reveal that a robust DNA damage response is also intimately connected to aging and the manifestation of age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Madabhushi
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ling Pan
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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200
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Janssen BG, Byun HM, Cox B, Gyselaers W, Izzi B, Baccarelli AA, Nawrot TS. Variation of DNA methylation in candidate age-related targets on the mitochondrial-telomere axis in cord blood and placenta. Placenta 2014; 35:665-72. [PMID: 25047690 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.06.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetics is tissue-specific and potentially even cell-specific, but little information is available from human reproductive studies about the concordance of DNA methylation patterns in cord blood and placenta, as well as within-placenta variations. We evaluated methylation levels at promoter regions of candidate genes in biological ageing pathways (SIRT1, TP53, PPARG, PPARGC1A, and TFAM), a subtelomeric region (D4Z4) and the mitochondrial genome (MT-RNR1, D-loop). METHODS Ninety individuals were randomly chosen from the ENVIRONAGE birth cohort to evaluate methylation concordance between cord blood and placenta using highly quantitative bisulfite-PCR pyrosequencing. In a subset of nineteen individuals, a more extensive sampling scheme was performed to examine within-placenta variation. RESULTS The DNA methylation levels of the subtelomeric region and mitochondrial genome showed concordance between cord blood and placenta with correlation coefficients ranging from r = 0.31 to 0.43, p ≤ 0.005, and also between the maternal and foetal sides of placental tissue (r = 0.53 to 0.72, p ≤ 0.05). For the majority of targets, an agreement in methylation levels between four foetal biopsies was found (with intra-class correlation coefficients ranging from 0.16 to 0.72), indicating small within-placenta variation. CONCLUSIONS The methylation levels of the subtelomeric region (D4Z4) and mitochondrial genome (MT-RNR1, D-loop) showed concordance between cord blood and placenta, suggesting a common epigenetic signature of these targets between tissues. Concordance was lacking between the other genes that were studied. In placental tissue, methylation patterns of most targets on the mitochondrial-telomere axis were not strongly influenced by sample location.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Janssen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - H M Byun
- Laboratory of Environmental Epigenetics, Exposure Epidemiology and Risk Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B Cox
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - W Gyselaers
- Department of Obstetrics, East-Limburg Hospital, Genk, Belgium; Department of Physiology, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - B Izzi
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven (KULeuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - A A Baccarelli
- Laboratory of Environmental Epigenetics, Exposure Epidemiology and Risk Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Leuven University (KULeuven), Leuven, Belgium.
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