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Duan E, Wang Y, Li X, Lin Q, Zhang T, Wang Y, Zhou C, Zhang H, Jiang L, Wang J, Lei C, Zhang X, Guo X, Wang H, Wan J. OsSHI1 Regulates Plant Architecture Through Modulating the Transcriptional Activity of IPA1 in Rice. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:1026-1042. [PMID: 30914468 PMCID: PMC6533028 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tillering and panicle branching are important determinants of plant architecture and yield potential in rice (Oryza sativa). IDEAL PLANT ARCHITECTURE1 (IPA1) encodesSQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE14, which acts as a key transcription factor regulating tiller outgrowth and panicle branching by directly activating the expression of O. sativa TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 (OsTB1) and O. sativa DENSE AND ERECT PANICLE1 (OsDEP1), thereby influencing grain yield in rice. Here, we report the identification of a rice mutant named shi1 that is characterized by dramatically reduced tiller number, enhanced culm strength, and increased panicle branch number. Map-based cloning revealed that O. sativa SHORT INTERNODES1 (OsSHI1) encodes a plant-specific transcription factor of the SHI family with a characteristic family-specific IGGH domain and a conserved zinc-finger DNA binding domain. Consistent with the mutant phenotype, OsSHI1 is predominantly expressed in axillary buds and young panicle, and its encoded protein is exclusively targeted to the nucleus. We show that OsSHI1 physically interacts with IPA1 both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, OsSHI1 could bind directly to the promoter regions of both OsTB1 and OsDEP1 through a previously unrecognized cis-element (T/GCTCTAC motif). OsSHI1 repressed the transcriptional activation activity of IPA1 by affecting its DNA binding activity toward the promoters of both OsTB1 and OsDEP1, resulting in increased tiller number and diminished panicle size. Taken together, our results demonstrate that OsSHI1 regulates plant architecture through modulating the transcriptional activity of IPA1 and provide insight into the establishment of plant architecture in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erchao Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qibing Lin
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yupeng Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chunlei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiulin Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Cailin Lei
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiuping Guo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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152
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Deng D. Multifaceted plant G protein: interaction network, agronomic potential, and beyond. PLANTA 2019; 249:1259-1266. [PMID: 30790051 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03112-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G protein and interacting effectors are relevant for agronomic significance. We can manipulate G protein and effectors, individually or in combination, to develop plant ideotypes by intelligent design breeding. Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) is involved in a wide range of biological events, many of which with agronomic significance. In this review, we summarize recent advances of plant G protein research. We first retrieve maize G protein core subunits Gα, Gβ, and Gγ based on information of Arabidopsis and rice G proteins using integrated BLAST and domain confirmation. Then, we briefly introduce the distribution and function of G protein. We also describe the interaction between G protein and CLAVATA receptor, brassinosteroid signaling kinase complex, and MADS-domain transcription factor. Finally, we discuss the application of G protein knowledge in intelligent plant breeding with focus on the improvement of agronomically important traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Yali Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Dexiang Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
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153
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Xu R, Li N, Li Y. Control of grain size by G protein signaling in rice. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:533-540. [PMID: 30597738 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins are involved in multiple cellular processes in eukaryotes by sensing and transducing various signals. G protein signaling in plants is quite different from that in animals, and the mechanisms of plant G protein signaling are still largely unknown. Several recent studies have provided new insights into the mechanisms of G protein signaling in rice grain size and yield control. In this review, we summarize recent advances on the function of G proteins in rice grain size control and discuss the potential genetic and molecular mechanisms of plant G protein signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yunhai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
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154
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Shi C, Ren Y, Liu L, Wang F, Zhang H, Tian P, Pan T, Wang Y, Jing R, Liu T, Wu F, Lin Q, Lei C, Zhang X, Zhu S, Guo X, Wang J, Zhao Z, Wang J, Zhai H, Cheng Z, Wan J. Ubiquitin Specific Protease 15 Has an Important Role in Regulating Grain Width and Size in Rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:381-391. [PMID: 30796160 PMCID: PMC6501108 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination and deubiquitination are reversible processes that play crucial roles in regulating organ size in plants. However, information linking deubiquitination and seed size in rice (Oryza sativa) is limited. Here, we characterized a dominant large-grain mutant, large grain1-D (lg1-D), with a 30.8% increase in seed width and a 34.5% increase in 1,000-grain weight relative to the wild type. The lg1-D mutant had more cells oriented in the lateral direction of the spikelet hull compared with the wild type. Map-based cloning showed that LG1 encodes a constitutively expressed ubiquitin-specific protease15 (OsUBP15) that possesses deubiquitination activity in vitro. Loss-of-function and down-regulated expression of OsUBP15 produced narrower and smaller grains than the control. A set of in vivo experiments indicated that the mutant Osubp15 had enhanced protein stability relative to wild-type OsUBP15. Further experiments verified that OsDA1 directly interacted with OsUBP15. Genetic data indicated that OsUBP15 and GRAIN WIDTH 2 (GW2) were not independent in regulating grain width and size. In summary, we identified OsUBP15 as a positive regulator of grain width and size in rice and provide a promising strategy for improvement of grain yield by pyramiding OsUBP15 and gw2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuilan Shi
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yulong Ren
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Linglong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Peng Tian
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tian Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yongfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ruonan Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tianzhen Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fuqing Wu
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qibing Lin
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Cailin Lei
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiuping Guo
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiulin Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhichao Zhao
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jie Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huqu Zhai
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhijun Cheng
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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155
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Pandey S. Heterotrimeric G-Protein Signaling in Plants: Conserved and Novel Mechanisms. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 70:213-238. [PMID: 31035831 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins are key regulators of a multitude of signaling pathways in all eukaryotes. Although the core G-protein components and their basic biochemistries are broadly conserved throughout evolution, the regulatory mechanisms of G proteins seem to have been rewired in plants to meet specific needs. These proteins are currently the focus of intense research in plants due to their involvement in many agronomically important traits, such as seed yield, organ size regulation, biotic and abiotic stress responses, symbiosis, and nitrogen use efficiency. The availability of massive sequence information from a variety of plant species, extensive biochemical data generated over decades, and impressive genetic resources for plant G proteins have made it possible to examine their role, unique properties, and novel regulation. This review focuses on some recent advances in our understanding of the mechanistic details of this critical signaling pathway to enable the precise manipulation and generation of plants to meet future needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Pandey
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA;
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156
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Abstract
The size of seeds affects not only evolutionary fitness but also grain yield of crops. Understanding the mechanisms controlling seed size has become an important research field in plant science. Seed size is determined by the integrated signals of maternal and zygotic tissues, which control the coordinated growth of the embryo, endosperm, and seed coat. Recent advances have identified several signaling pathways that control seed size through maternal tissues, including or involving the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, G-protein signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, phytohormone perception and homeostasis, and some transcriptional regulators. Meanwhile, growth of the zygotic tissues is regulated in part by the HAIKU (IKU) pathway and phytohormones. This review provides a general overview of current findings in seed size control and discusses the emerging molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks found to be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering and Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Ran Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering and Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Yunhai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering and Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
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157
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Wang Q, Sun G, Ren X, Du B, Cheng Y, Wang Y, Li C, Sun D. Dissecting the Genetic Basis of Grain Size and Weight in Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) by QTL and Comparative Genetic Analyses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:469. [PMID: 31105718 PMCID: PMC6491919 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Grain size and weight are crucial components of barley yield and quality and are the target characteristics of domestication and modern breeding. Despite this, little is known about the genetic and molecular mechanisms of grain size and weight in barley. Here, we evaluated nine traits determining grain size and weight, including thousand grain weight (Tgw), grain length (Gl), grain width (Gw), grain length-width ratio (Lwr), grain area (Ga), grain perimeter (Gp), grain diameter (Gd), grain roundness (Gr), and factor form density (Ffd), in a double haploid (DH) population for three consecutive years. Using five mapping methods, we successfully identified 60 reliable QTLs and 27 hotspot regions that distributed on all chromosomes except 6H which controls the nine traits of grain size and weight. Moreover, we also identified 164 barley orthologs of 112 grain size/weight genes from rice, maize, wheat and 38 barley genes that affect grain yield. A total of 45 barley genes or orthologs were identified as potential candidate genes for barley grain size and weight, including 12, 20, 9, and 4 genes or orthologs for barley, rice, maize, and wheat, respectively. Importantly, 20 of them were located in the 14 QTL hotspot regions on chromosome 1H, 2H, 3H, 5H, and 7H, which controls barley grain size and weight. These results indicated that grain size/weight genes of other cereal species might have the same or similar functions in barley. Our findings provide new insights into the understanding of the genetic basis of grain size and weight in barley, and new information to facilitate high-yield breeding in barley. The function of these potential candidate genes identified in this study are worth exploring and studying in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifei Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Genlou Sun
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Xifeng Ren
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Binbin Du
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Cheng
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yixiang Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengdao Li
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Dongfa Sun
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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158
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Watt C, Zhou G, McFawn LA, Chalmers KJ, Li C. Fine mapping of qGL5H, a major grain length locus in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:883-893. [PMID: 30465063 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A major grain length QTL on chromosome 5H was fine mapped from 180.5 to 1.7 Mb. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) mapping has been used extensively in barley to detect QTLs that underlie complex traits such as grain size. In the present study, we utilised 312 double haploid lines derived from a cross between two Australian malting varieties, Vlamingh and Buloke, to dissect the genetic control of a number of grain size characteristics. Digital image analysis was used to measure grain size characteristics including length, width, thickness and plumpness which are important traits influencing barley yield and grain physical quality. Using data from four independent environments and molecular marker genotype data, we identified 23 significant QTLs for these four traits, ten of which were consensus QTLs and identified in two or more environments. A QTL region on chromosome 5H designated qGL5H that was associated with grain size was fine mapped to a 1.7 Mb interval. qGL5H was able to explain 21.6% of phenotypic variation for grain length within the population. This major QTL is an appropriate candidate for further genetic dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum Watt
- Western Barley Genetic Alliance, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Gaofeng Zhou
- Western Barley Genetic Alliance, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lee-Anne McFawn
- Western Barley Genetic Alliance, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Chengdao Li
- Western Barley Genetic Alliance, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.
- Department of Primary Industry and Regional Development, Perth, WA, Australia.
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159
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Zhao M, Zhao M, Gu S, Sun J, Ma Z, Wang L, Zheng W, Xu Z. DEP1 is involved in regulating the carbon-nitrogen metabolic balance to affect grain yield and quality in rice (Oriza sativa L.). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213504. [PMID: 30856225 PMCID: PMC6411142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The DEP1 (dense and erect panicle 1) gene, which corresponds to the erect panicle architecture, shows a pleiotropic effect in increasing grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in rice. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether the carbon−nitrogen metabolic balance changes as the dep1 allele enhances nitrogen uptake and assimilation. In this study, we generated transgenic Akitakomati plants by overexpressing dep1 and analyzed the carbon−nitrogen metabolic status, gene expression profiles, and grain yield and quality. Under either low or high nitrogen growth conditions, the carbon−nitrogen metabolic balance of dep1-overexpressed lines was broken in stem sheaths and leaves but not in grains; the dep1-overexpressed plants showed higher expressions of glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) genes than the wildtype, along with increased total nitrogen and soluble protein content in the straw at maturity. However, the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RUBISCO) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) genes were downregulated in dep1-overexpressed plants, leading to a decreased carbohydrate content and carbon/nitrogen ratio. Although the unbalanced carbon−nitrogen metabolism decreased the grain-filling rate, grain setting percentage, 1000 grain weight, and grain quality in dep1-overexpressed lines, it led to increased grain numbers per panicle and consequently increased grain yield. Our results suggest that an unbalanced carbon−nitrogen metabolic status is a major limiting factor for further improving grain yield and quality in erect panicle varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Zhao
- Rice Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Minghui Zhao
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang Gu
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zuobin Ma
- Rice Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenjing Zheng
- Rice Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China
- * E-mail: (WZ); (ZX)
| | - Zhengjin Xu
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- * E-mail: (WZ); (ZX)
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160
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Roy Choudhury S, Marlin MA, Pandey S. The Role of Gβ Protein in Controlling Cell Expansion via Potential Interaction with Lipid Metabolic Pathways. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:1159-1175. [PMID: 30622152 PMCID: PMC6393804 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G-proteins influence almost all aspects of plant growth, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants, likely via their interaction with specific effectors. However, the identity of such effectors and their mechanism of action are mostly unknown. While investigating the roles of different G-protein subunits in modulating the oil content in Camelina (Camelina sativa), an oil seed crop, we uncovered a role of Gβ proteins in controlling anisotropic cell expansion. Knockdown of Gβ genes causes reduced longitudinal and enhanced transverse expansion, resulting in altered cell, tissue, and organ shapes in transgenic plants during vegetative and reproductive development. These plants also exhibited substantial changes in their fatty acid and phospholipid profiles, which possibly leads to the increased oil content of the transgenic seeds. This increase is potentially caused by the direct interaction of Gβ proteins with a specific patatin-like phospholipase, pPLAIIIδ. Camelina plants with suppressed Gβ expression exhibit higher lipase activity, and show phenotypes similar to plants overexpressing pPLAIIIδ, suggesting that the Gβ proteins are negative regulators of pPLAIIIδ. These results reveal interactions between the G-protein-mediated and lipid signaling/metabolic pathways, where specific phospholipases may act as effectors that control key developmental and environmental responses of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria A Marlin
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132
| | - Sona Pandey
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132
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161
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Miao J, Yang Z, Zhang D, Wang Y, Xu M, Zhou L, Wang J, Wu S, Yao Y, Du X, Gu F, Gong Z, Gu M, Liang G, Zhou Y. Mutation of RGG2, which encodes a type B heterotrimeric G protein γ subunit, increases grain size and yield production in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:650-664. [PMID: 30160362 PMCID: PMC6381795 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of Gα , Gβ and Gγ subunits, function as molecular switches that regulate a wide range of developmental processes in plants. In this study, we characterised the function of rice RGG2, which encodes a type B Gγ subunit, in regulating grain size and yield production. The expression levels of RGG2 were significantly higher than those of other rice Gγ -encoding genes in all tissues tested, suggesting that RGG2 plays essential roles in rice growth and development. By regulating cell expansion, overexpression of RGG2 in Nipponbare (NIP) led to reduced plant height and decreased grain size. By contrast, two mutants generated by the clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system in the Zhenshan 97 (ZS97) background, zrgg2-1 and zrgg2-2, exhibited enhanced growth, including elongated internodes, increased 1000-grain weight and plant biomass and enhanced grain yield per plant (+11.8% and 16.0%, respectively). These results demonstrate that RGG2 acts as a negative regulator of plant growth and organ size in rice. By measuring the length of the second leaf sheath after gibberellin (GA3 ) treatment and the GA-induced α-amylase activity of seeds, we found that RGG2 is also involved in GA signalling. In summary, we propose that RGG2 may regulate grain and organ size via the GA pathway and that manipulation of RGG2 may provide a novel strategy for rice grain yield enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Zefeng Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Dongping Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Yuzhu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Mengbin Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Lihui Zhou
- Institute of Food CropsJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Food CropsJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Shujun Wu
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Youli Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Xi Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Fangfei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Zhiyun Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Minghong Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Guohua Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Yong Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
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162
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Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the ALOG Domain Genes in Rice. Int J Genomics 2019; 2019:2146391. [PMID: 30923712 PMCID: PMC6409076 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2146391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ALOG domain genes, named after the Arabidopsis LSH1 and Oryza G1 (ALOG) proteins, have frequently been reported as key developmental regulators in rice and Arabidopsis. However, the investigation of the ALOG gene family is limited. Here, we conducted a genome-wide investigation of the ALOG gene family in rice and six other species. In total, eighty-four ALOG domain genes were identified from the seven species, of which fourteen ALOG domain genes (OsG1/G1Ls) were identified in the rice genome. The fourteen OsG1/G1Ls were unevenly distributed on eight chromosomes, and we found that eight segmental duplications contributed to the expansion of OsG1/G1Ls in the rice genome. The eighty-four ALOG family genes from seven species were classified into six clusters, and the ALOG domain-defined motifs 1, 2, and 3 were highly conserved across species according to the phylogenetic and structural analysis. However, the newly identified motifs 4 and 5 were only present in monocots, indicating a specified function in monocots. Moreover, OsG1/G1Ls exhibited tissue-specific expression patterns. Coexpression analysis suggested that OsG1 integrates OsMADS50 and the downstream MADS-box genes, such as OsMADS1, to regulate the development of rice inflorescence; OsG1L7 potentially associates with OsMADS22 and OsMADS55 to regulate stem elongation. In addition, comparative expression analysis revealed the conserved biological functions of ALOG family genes among rice, maize, and Arabidopsis. These results have shed light on the functional study of ALOG family genes in rice and other plants.
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163
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Li X, Tao Q, Miao J, Yang Z, Gu M, Liang G, Zhou Y. Evaluation of differential qPE9-1/DEP1 protein domains in rice grain length and weight variation. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 12:5. [PMID: 30706248 PMCID: PMC6357212 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-019-0263-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND qPE9-1/DEP1, encoding a G protein γ subunit, has multiple effects on plant architecture, grain size, and yield in rice. The qPE9-1 protein contains an N-terminal G gamma-like (GGL) domain, a putative transmembrane domain, and a C-terminal cysteine-rich domain. However, the roles of each domain remain unclear. RESULTS In the present study, we focused on the genetic effects of different domains of qPE9-1 in the regulation of grain length and weight. We generated a series of transgenic plants expressing different truncated qPE9-1 proteins through constitutive expression and clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 strategies. Phenotypic analysis indicated that the complete or long-tailed qPE9-1 contributed to the elongation of grains, while the GGL domain alone and short-tailed qPE9-1 led to short grains. The long C-terminus of qPE9-1 including two or three C-terminal von Willebrand factor type C domains effectively repressed the negative effects of the GGL domain on grain length and weight. qPE9-1-overexpressing lines in a Wuxianggeng 9 (carrying a qpe9-1 allele) background showed increased grain yield per plant, but lodging occurred in some years. CONCLUSIONS Manipulation of the C-terminal length of qPE9-1 through genetic engineering can be used to generate varieties with various grain lengths and weights according to different requirements in rice breeding. The genetic effects of qPE9-1/qpe9-1 are multidimensional, and breeders should take into account other factors including genetic backgrounds and planting conditions in the use of qPE9-1/qpe9-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbo Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Quandan Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jun Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zefeng Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Minghong Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Guohua Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Yong Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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164
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OsSPL18 controls grain weight and grain number in rice. J Genet Genomics 2019; 46:41-51. [PMID: 30737149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Grain weight and grain number are two important traits directly determining grain yield in rice. To date, a lot of genes related to grain weight and grain number have been identified; however, the regulatory mechanism underlying these genes remains largely unknown. In this study, we studied the biological function of OsSPL18 during grain and panicle development in rice. Knockout (KO) mutants of OsSPL18 exhibited reduced grain width and thickness, panicle length and grain number, but increased tiller number. Cytological analysis showed that OsSPL18 regulates the development of spikelet hulls by affecting cell proliferation. qRT-PCR and GUS staining analyses showed that OsSPL18 was highly expressed in developing young panicles and young spikelet hulls, in agreement with its function in regulating grain and panicle development. Transcriptional activation experiments indicated that OsSPL18 is a functional transcription factor with activation domains in both the N-terminus and C-terminus, and both activation domains are indispensable for its biological functions. Quantitative expression analysis showed that DEP1, a major grain number regulator, was significantly down-regulated in OsSPL18 KO lines. Both yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase (LUC) assays showed that OsSPL18 could bind to the DEP1 promoter, suggesting that OsSPL18 regulates panicle development by positively regulating the expression of DEP1. Sequence analysis showed that OsSPL18 contains the OsmiR156k complementary sequence in the third exon; 5' RLM-RACE experiments indicated that OsSPL18 could be cleaved by OsmiR156k. Taken together, our results uncovered a new OsmiR156k-OsSPL18-DEP1 pathway regulating grain number in rice.
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165
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Characterization of Heterotrimeric G Protein γ4 Subunit in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113596. [PMID: 30441812 PMCID: PMC6274817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins are the molecule switch that transmits information from external signals to intracellular target proteins in mammals and yeast cells. In higher plants, heterotrimeric G proteins regulate plant architecture. Rice harbors one canonical α subunit gene (RGA1), four extra-large GTP-binding protein genes (XLGs), one canonical β-subunit gene (RGB1), and five γ-subunit genes (tentatively designated RGG1, RGG2, RGG3/GS3/Mi/OsGGC1, RGG4/DEP1/DN1/qPE9-1/OsGGC3, and RGG5/OsGGC2) as components of the heterotrimeric G protein complex. Among the five γ-subunit genes, RGG1 encodes the canonical γ-subunit, RGG2 encodes a plant-specific type of γ-subunit with additional amino acid residues at the N-terminus, and the remaining three γ-subunit genes encode atypical γ-subunits with cysteine-rich C-termini. We characterized the RGG4/DEP1/DN1/qPE9-1/OsGGC3 gene product Gγ4 in the wild type (WT) and truncated protein Gγ4∆Cys in the RGG4/DEP1/DN1/qPE9-1/OsGGC3 mutant, Dn1-1, as littele information regarding the native Gγ4 and Gγ4∆Cys proteins is currently available. Based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis, immunoprecipitated Gγ4 candidates were confirmed as actual Gγ4. Similar to α-(Gα) and β-subunits (Gβ), Gγ4 was enriched in the plasma membrane fraction and accumulated in the developing leaf sheath. As RGG4/DEP1/DN1/qPE9-1/OsGGC3 mutants exhibited dwarfism, tissues that accumulated Gγ4 corresponded to the abnormal tissues observed in RGG4/DEP1/DN1/qPE9-1/OsGGC3 mutants.
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166
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Nishiyama A, Matsuta S, Chaya G, Itoh T, Miura K, Iwasaki Y. Identification of Heterotrimeric G Protein γ3 Subunit in Rice Plasma Membrane. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113591. [PMID: 30441767 PMCID: PMC6274724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins are important molecules for regulating plant architecture and transmitting external signals to intracellular target proteins in higher plants and mammals. The rice genome contains one canonical α subunit gene (RGA1), four extra-large GTP-binding protein genes (XLGs), one canonical β subunit gene (RGB1), and five γ subunit genes (tentatively named RGG1, RGG2, RGG3/GS3/Mi/OsGGC1, RGG4/DEP1/DN1/OsGGC3, and RGG5/OsGGC2). RGG1 encodes the canonical γ subunit; RGG2 encodes the plant-specific type of γ subunit with additional amino acid residues at the N-terminus; and the remaining three γ subunit genes encode the atypical γ subunits with cysteine abundance at the C-terminus. We aimed to identify the RGG3/GS3/Mi/OsGGC1 gene product, Gγ3, in rice tissues using the anti-Gγ3 domain antibody. We also analyzed the truncated protein, Gγ3∆Cys, in the RGG3/GS3/Mi/OsGGC1 mutant, Mi, using the anti-Gγ3 domain antibody. Based on nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, the immunoprecipitated Gγ3 candidates were confirmed to be Gγ3. Similar to α (Gα) and β subunits (Gβ), Gγ3 was enriched in the plasma membrane fraction, and accumulated in the flower tissues. As RGG3/GS3/Mi/OsGGC1 mutants show the characteristic phenotype in flowers and consequently in seeds, the tissues that accumulated Gγ3 corresponded to the abnormal tissues observed in RGG3/GS3/Mi/OsGGC1 mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Nishiyama
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Kenjojima, Matsuoka, Eiheiji-Town, Fukui 910-1195, Japan.
| | - Sakura Matsuta
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Kenjojima, Matsuoka, Eiheiji-Town, Fukui 910-1195, Japan.
| | - Genki Chaya
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Kenjojima, Matsuoka, Eiheiji-Town, Fukui 910-1195, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Itoh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Kenjojima, Matsuoka, Eiheiji-Town, Fukui 910-1195, Japan.
| | - Kotaro Miura
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Kenjojima, Matsuoka, Eiheiji-Town, Fukui 910-1195, Japan.
| | - Yukimoto Iwasaki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Kenjojima, Matsuoka, Eiheiji-Town, Fukui 910-1195, Japan.
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167
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Wu Q, Regan M, Furukawa H, Jackson D. Role of heterotrimeric Gα proteins in maize development and enhancement of agronomic traits. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007374. [PMID: 29708966 PMCID: PMC5945058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant shoot systems derive from the shoot apical meristems (SAMs), pools of stems cells that are regulated by a feedback between the WUSCHEL (WUS) homeobox protein and CLAVATA (CLV) peptides and receptors. The maize heterotrimeric G protein α subunit COMPACT PLANT2 (CT2) functions with CLV receptors to regulate meristem development. In addition to the sole canonical Gα CT2, maize also contains three eXtra Large GTP-binding proteins (XLGs), which have a domain with homology to Gα as well as additional domains. By either forcing CT2 to be constitutively active, or by depleting XLGs using CRISPR-Cas9, here we show that both CT2 and XLGs play important roles in maize meristem regulation, and their manipulation improved agronomic traits. For example, we show that expression of a constitutively active CT2 resulted in higher spikelet density and kernel row number, larger ear inflorescence meristems (IMs) and more upright leaves, all beneficial traits selected during maize improvement. Our findings suggest that both the canonical Gα, CT2 and the non-canonical XLGs play important roles in maize meristem regulation and further demonstrate that weak alleles of plant stem cell regulatory genes have the capacity to improve agronomic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Wu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, United States of America
| | - Michael Regan
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, United States of America
| | - Hiro Furukawa
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, United States of America
| | - David Jackson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, United States of America
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