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Herrera EA, Riquelme RA, Ebensperger G, Reyes RV, Ulloa CE, Cabello G, Krause BJ, Parer JT, Giussani DA, Llanos AJ. Long-term exposure to high-altitude chronic hypoxia during gestation induces neonatal pulmonary hypertension at sea level. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 299:R1676-84. [PMID: 20881096 PMCID: PMC3007194 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00123.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We determined whether postnatal pulmonary hypertension induced by 70% of pregnancy at high altitude (HA) persists once the offspring return to sea level and investigated pulmonary vascular mechanisms operating under these circumstances. Pregnant ewes were divided into two groups: conception, pregnancy, and delivery at low altitude (580 m, LLL) and conception at low altitude, pregnancy at HA (3,600 m) from 30% of gestation until delivery, and return to lowland (LHL). Pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) was measured in vivo. Vascular reactivity and morphometry were assessed in small pulmonary arteries (SPA). Protein expression of vascular mediators was determined. LHL lambs had higher basal PAP and a greater increment in PAP after NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (20.9 ± 1.1 vs. 13.7 ± 0.5 mmHg; 39.9 ± 5.0 vs. 18.3 ± 1.3 mmHg, respectively). SPA from LHL had a greater maximal contraction to K+ (1.34 ± 0.05 vs. 1.16 ± 0.05 N/m), higher sensitivity to endothelin-1 and nitroprusside, and persistence of dilatation following blockade of soluble guanylate cyclase. The heart ratio of the right ventricle-to-left ventricle plus septum was higher in the LHL relative to LLL. The muscle area of SPA (29.3 ± 2.9 vs. 21.1 ± 1.7%) and the protein expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (1.7 ± 0.1 vs. 1.1 ± 0.2), phosphodiesterase (1.4 ± 0.1 vs. 0.7 ± 0.1), and Ca2+-activated K+ channel (0.76 ± 0.16 vs. 0.30 ± 0.01) were greater in LHL compared with LLL lambs. In contrast, LHL had decreased heme oxygenase-1 expression (0.82 ± 0.26 vs. 2.22 ± 0.44) and carbon monoxide production (all P < 0.05). Postnatal pulmonary hypertension induced by 70% of pregnancy at HA promotes cardiopulmonary remodeling that persists at sea level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio A Herrera
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile. Avda. Salvador 486, Providencia, CP 6640871, Santiago, Chile
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152
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Zhang WQ, Whitwood AC, Fairlamb IJS, Lynam JM. Group 6 Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Metal Complexes with Biologically-Compatible Leaving Groups. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:8941-52. [DOI: 10.1021/ic101230j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Adrian C. Whitwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Ian J. S. Fairlamb
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Jason M. Lynam
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
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153
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Motterlini R, Otterbein LE. The therapeutic potential of carbon monoxide. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2010; 9:728-43. [PMID: 20811383 DOI: 10.1038/nrd3228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1167] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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154
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Zobi F, Degonda A, Schaub MC, Bogdanova AY. CO Releasing Properties and Cytoprotective Effect of cis-trans- [ReII(CO)2Br2L2]n Complexes. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:7313-22. [DOI: 10.1021/ic100458j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Zobi
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alois Degonda
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcus C. Schaub
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxycology, University of Zürich, Wintherthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Yu. Bogdanova
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and the Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zürich, Wintherthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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155
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156
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Carbon monoxide liberated from CO-releasing molecule (CORM-2) attenuates ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced inflammation in the small intestine. Inflammation 2010; 33:92-100. [PMID: 19842024 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-009-9162-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CORM-released CO has been shown to be beneficial in resolution of acute inflammation. The acute phase of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is characterized by oxidative stress-related inflammation and leukocyte recruitment. In this study, we assessed the effects and potential mechanisms of CORM-2-released CO in modulation of inflammatory response in the small intestine following I/R-challenge. To this end mice (C57Bl/6) small intestine were challenged with ischemia by occluding superior mesenteric artery (SMA) for 45 min. CORM-2 (8 mg/kg; i.v.) was administered immediately before SMA occlusion. Sham operated mice were injected with vehicle (0.25% DMSO). Inflammatory response in the small intestine (jejunum) was assessed 4 h following reperfusion by measuring tissue levels of TNF-alpha protein (ELISA), adhesion molecules E-selectin and ICAM-1 (Western blot), NF-kappaB activation (EMSA), along with PMN tissue accumulation (MPO assay) and leukocyte rolling/adhesion in the microcirculation of jejunum (intravital microscopy). The obtained results indicate that tissue levels of TNF-alpha, E-selectin and ICAM-1 protein expression, activation of NF-kappaB, and subsequent accumulation of PMN were elevated in I/R-challenged jejunum. The above changes were significantly attenuated in CORM-2-treated mice. Taken together these findings indicate that CORM-2-released CO confers anti-inflammatory effects by interfering with NF-kappaB activation and subsequent up-regulation of vascular pro-adhesive phenotype in I/R-challenged small intestine.
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157
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Soni H, Patel P, Rath AC, Jain M, Mehta AA. Cardioprotective effect with carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) in isolated perfused rat heart: Role of coronary endothelium and underlying mechanism. Vascul Pharmacol 2010; 53:68-76. [PMID: 20399902 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2010] [Revised: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Although the cardioprotective role of carbon monoxide (CO) has been studied against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, the role of coronary endothelium and underlying mechanism in carbon monoxide-induced cardioprotection is not well understood in isolated heart. The present study was designed to determine the role of coronary endothelium in CORM-2-mediated cardioprotection during I/R injury in isolated rat heart. Preconditioning with 30microM/l and 50microM/l of CORM-2 for 10min markedly reduced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatinin kinase (CK) levels in coronary effluent after global ischemia. There was also a significant improvement in coronary flow rate, heart rate, cardiodynamic parameters and marked attenuation in infarct size. However, protective effect was abolished when hearts were pretreated with 100microM CORM-2. We observed that pretreatment with L-NAME (100microM/l), a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor did not affect protection by CORM-2 (50microM/l). On the other hand pretreatment with Triton X-100 (0.05% for 20s) to denude endothelium before CORM-2 treatment followed by I/R injury showed similar cardioprotection. Moreover, pretreatment with K(ATP) channel inhibitor, glibenclamide almost completely reversed the cardioprotective effect of CORM-2 in endothelium-denuded hearts. These results indicate that cardioprotection by CORM-2 is highly concentration-dependent, independent of coronary endothelium and cardioprotective effect might be attributed to the activation of K(ATP) channel present on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Soni
- Zydus Research Centre (ZRC communication no. # 302), Sarkhej-Bavla N.H 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad-382210, India
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158
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CO Liberated From a Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecule Exerts a Positive Inotropic Effect in Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2010; 55:168-75. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3181ca4bbc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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159
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Carbon monoxide in biology and microbiology: surprising roles for the "Detroit perfume". Adv Microb Physiol 2009; 56:85-167. [PMID: 20943125 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2911(09)05603-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless gas with a reputation for being an anthropogenic poison; there is extensive documentation of the modes of human exposure, toxicokinetics, and health effects. However, CO is also generated endogenously by heme oxygenases (HOs) in mammals and microbes, and its extraordinary biological activities are now recognized and increasingly utilized in medicine and physiology. This review introduces recent advances in CO biology and chemistry and illustrates the exciting possibilities that exist for a deeper understanding of its biological consequences. However, the microbiological literature is scant and is currently restricted to: 1) CO-metabolizing bacteria, CO oxidation by CO dehydrogenase (CODH) and the CO-sensing mechanisms that enable CO oxidation; 2) the use of CO as a heme ligand in microbial biochemistry; and 3) very limited information on how microbes respond to CO toxicity. We demonstrate how our horizons in CO biology have been extended by intense research activity in recent years in mammalian and human physiology and biochemistry. CO is one of several "new" small gas molecules that are increasingly recognized for their profound and often beneficial biological activities, the others being nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The chemistry of CO and other heme ligands (oxygen, NO, H2S and cyanide) and the implications for biological interactions are briefly presented. An important advance in recent years has been the development of CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) for aiding experimental administration of CO as an alternative to the use of CO gas. The chemical principles of CO-RM design and mechanisms of CO release from CO-RMs (dissociation, association, reduction and oxidation, photolysis, and acidification) are reviewed and we present a survey of the most commonly used CO-RMs. Amongst the most important new applications of CO in mammalian physiology and medicine are its vasoactive properties and the therapeutic potentials of CO-RMs in vascular disease, anti-inflammatory effects, CO-mediated cell signaling in apoptosis, applications in organ preservation, and the effects of CO on mitochondrial function. The very limited literature on microbial growth responses to CO and CO-RMs in vitro, and the transcriptomic and physiological consequences of microbial exposure to CO and CO-RMs are reviewed. There is current interest in CO and CO-RMs as antimicrobial agents, particularly in the control of bacterial infections. Future prospects are suggested and unanswered questions posed.
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160
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Pizarro MD, Rodriguez JV, Mamprin ME, Fuller BJ, Mann BE, Motterlini R, Guibert EE. Protective effects of a carbon monoxide-releasing molecule (CORM-3) during hepatic cold preservation. Cryobiology 2009; 58:248-55. [PMID: 19444967 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2009.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED There is increasing evidence that carbon monoxide (CO), a signaling molecule generated during the degradation of heme by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in biological systems, has a variety of cytoprotective actions, including anti-hypoxic effects at low temperatures. However, during liver cold preservation, a direct effect needs to be established. Here, we designed a study to analyze the role of CO, delivered via a carbon monoxide-releasing molecule (CO-RM) in the maintenance of liver function, and integrity in rats during cold ischemia/reperfusion (CI/R) injury. We used an isolated normothermic perfused liver system (INPL) following a clinically relevant model of ex vivo 48 h cold ischemia stored in a modified University of Wisconsin (UW) solution, to determine the specific effects of CO in a rat model. CO was generated from 50 microM tricarbonylchloro ruthenium-glycinato (CORM-3), a water-soluble transition metal carbonyl that exerts pharmacological activities via the liberation of controlled amounts of CO in biological systems. The physiological effects of CORM-3 were confirmed by the parallel use of a specific inactive compound (iCORM-3), which does not liberate CO in the cellular environment. CORM-3 addition was found to prevent the injury caused by cold storage by improving significantly the perfusion flow during reperfusion (by almost 90%), and by decreasing the intrahepatic resistance (by 88%) when compared with livers cold preserved in UW alone. Also, CORM-3 supplementation preserved good metabolic capacity as indicated by hepatic oxygen consumption, glycogen content, and release of lactate dehydrogenase. Liver histology was also partially preserved by CORM-3 treatment. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that CO-RM could be utilized as adjuvant therapeutics in UW solutions to limit the injury sustained by donor livers during cold storage prior to transplantation, as has been similarly proposed for the heart, and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Pizarro
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
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161
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Zobi F. Parametrization of the Contribution of Mono- and Bidentate Ligands on the Symmetric C≡O Stretching Frequency of fac-[Re(CO)3]+ Complexes. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:10845-55. [DOI: 10.1021/ic901223t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Zobi
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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162
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Ritchie RH, Irvine JC, Rosenkranz AC, Patel R, Wendt IR, Horowitz JD, Kemp-Harper BK. Exploiting cGMP-based therapies for the prevention of left ventricular hypertrophy: NO* and beyond. Pharmacol Ther 2009; 124:279-300. [PMID: 19723539 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), an increased left ventricular (LV) mass, is common to many cardiovascular disorders, initially developing as an adaptive response to maintain myocardial function. In the longer term, this LV remodelling becomes maladaptive, with progressive decline in LV contractility and diastolic function. Indeed LVH is recognised as an important blood-pressure independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The clinical efficacy of current treatments for LVH is reduced, however, by their tendency to slow disease progression rather than induce its reversal, and thus the development of new therapies for LVH is paramount. The signalling molecule cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP), well-recognised for its role in regulating vascular tone, is now being increasingly identified as an important anti-hypertrophic mediator. This review is focused on the various means by which cGMP can be stimulated in the heart, such as via the natriuretic peptides, to exert anti-hypertrophic actions. In particular we address the limitations of traditional nitric oxide (NO*) donors in the face of the potential therapeutic advantages offered by novel alternatives; NO* siblings, ligands of the cGMP-generating enzymes, soluble (sGC) and particulate guanylyl cyclases (pGC), and phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Further impact of cGMP within the cardiovascular system is also discussed with a view to representing cGMP-based therapies as innovative pharmacotherapy, alone or concurrent with standard care, for the management of LVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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163
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Bannenberg GL, Vieira HLA. Therapeutic applications of the gaseous mediators carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2009; 19:663-82. [PMID: 19441940 DOI: 10.1517/13543770902858824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) and carbon monoxide (CO) are endogenously produced gaseous autacoids that regulate a number of physiological processes, including the inflammatory response, cell death and proliferation, neural transmission and smooth muscle tone. OBJECTIVE/METHODS The current review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of all recent patent applications that address the potential therapeutic applications of CO and H(2)S. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Beyond the direct administration of CO and H(2)S, this review highlights the therapeutic applications of a variety of gas-releasing molecules that are being developed to deliver CO and H(2)S to diseased tissues at therapeutic doses. The term autacoid, which, in addition to its pharmacological use to describe a locally-acting hormone, literally translates from Greek as 'self-drug', seems to particularly well describe the current approach to capture the potential therapeutic use of these two gasotransmitters. In summary, we can conclude that there is a markedly growing interest in harnessing the tissue-protective actions of CO and H(2)S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard L Bannenberg
- Campus de la Universidad Autónoma, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología / CSIC, Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Madrid, Spain.
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164
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Mizuguchi S, Stephen J, Bihari R, Markovic N, Suehiro S, Capretta A, Potter RF, Cepinskas G. CORM-3-derived CO modulates polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration across the vascular endothelium by reducing levels of cell surface-bound elastase. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 297:H920-9. [PMID: 19561312 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00305.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, it has been shown that carbon monoxide (CO)-releasing molecule (CORM)-released CO can suppress inflammation. In this study, we assessed the effects and potential mechanisms of a ruthenium-based water-soluble CO carrier [tricarbonylchloroglycinate-ruthenium(II) (CORM-3)] in the modulation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) inflammatory responses in an experimental model of sepsis. Sepsis in mice was induced by cecal ligation and puncture. CORM-3 (3 mg/kg iv) was administered 15 min after the induction of cecal ligation and puncture. PMN accumulation in the lung (myeloperoxidase assay), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and lung vascular permeability (protein content in BAL fluid) were assessed 6 h later. In in vitro experiments, human PMNs were primed with LPS (10 ng/ml) and subsequently stimulated with formyl-methionyl-leucylphenylalanine (fMLP; 100 nM). PMN production of ROS (L-012/dihydrorhodamine-123 oxidation), degranulation (release of elastase), and PMN rolling, adhesion, and migration to/across human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were assessed in the presence or absence of CORM-3 (1-100 muM). The obtained results indicated that systemically administered CORM-3 attenuates PMN accumulation and vascular permeability in the septic lung. Surprisingly, in in vitro experiments, treatment of PMNs with CORM-3 further augmented LPS/fMLP-induced ROS production and the release of elastase. The latter effects, however, were accompanied by an inability of PMNs to mobilize elastase to the cell surface (plasma membrane), an event required for efficient PMN transendothelial migration. The CORM-3-induced decrease in cell surface levels of elastase was followed by decreased PMN rolling/adhesion to HUVECs and complete prevention of PMN migration across HUVECs. In contrast, treatment of HUVECs with CORM-3 had no effect on PMN transendothelial migration. Taken together, these findings indicate that, in sepsis, CORM3-released CO, while further amplifying ROS production and degranulation of PMNs, concurrently reduces the levels of cell surface-bound elastase, which contributes to suppressed PMN transendothelial migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinjiro Mizuguchi
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4G4
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165
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Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) is important in attenuating the overall production of reactive oxygen species through its ability to degrade heme and to produce carbon monoxide, biliverdin/bilirubin, and release of free iron. Excess free heme catalyzes the formation of reactive oxygen species, which leads to endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction as seen in numerous pathologic vascular conditions including systemic hypertension and diabetes, as well as in ischemia/reperfusion injury.The up-regulation of HO-1 can be achieved through the use of pharmaceutical agents such as metalloporphyrins and statins. In addition, atrial natriuretic peptide and nitric oxide donors are important modulators of the heme-HO system, either through induction of HO-1 or the increased biologic activity of its products. Gene therapy and gene transfer, including site- and organ-specific targeted gene transfer have become powerful tools for studying the potential role of the 2 isoforms of HO, HO-1/HO-2, in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, as well as diabetes. HO-1 induction by pharmacological agents or the in vitro gene transfer of human HO-1 into ECs increases cell cycle progression and attenuates angiotensin II, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and heme-mediated DNA damage; administration in vivo corrects blood pressure elevation after angiotensin II exposure. Delivery of human HO-1 to hyperglycemic rats significantly lowers superoxide levels and prevents EC damage and sloughing of vascular EC into the circulation. In addition, administration of human HO-1 to rats in advance of ischemia/reperfusion injury considerably reduces tissue damage.The ability to up-regulate HO-1 either through pharmacological means or through the use of gene therapy may offer therapeutic strategies for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in the future. This review discusses the implications of HO-1 delivery during the early stages of cardiovascular system injury or in early vascular pathology, and suggests that pharmacological agents that regulate HO activity or HO-1 gene delivery itself may become powerful tools for preventing the onset or progression of various cardiovascular diseases.
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166
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Vadori M, Seveso M, Besenzon F, Bosio E, Tognato E, Fante F, Boldrin M, Gavasso S, Ravarotto L, Mann BE, Simioni P, Ancona E, Motterlini R, Cozzi E. In vitro and in vivo effects of the carbon monoxide-releasing molecule, CORM-3, in the xenogeneic pig-to-primate context. Xenotransplantation 2009; 16:99-114. [PMID: 19392725 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3089.2009.00521.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon monoxide (CO) interferes with inflammatory and apoptotic processes associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury and graft rejection. Here, the in vitro effects of carbon monoxide releasing molecule-3 (CORM-3), a novel water-soluble carbonyl CO carrier, have been investigated on porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC) and primate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Furthermore, the pharmacodynamics and pharmacotolerance of CORM-3 after administration of single and multiple doses in the primate have been assessed in view of its potential application in pig-to-primate xenotransplantation models. METHODS For in vitro studies, PAEC and primate PBMC were exposed for 24, 48 and 72 h to CORM-3 (20 to 1000 microm) and viability was measured using an MTS assay. PAEC and primate PBMC proliferation after exposure to CORM-3 was assessed by CFSE labelling. Proliferation of primate PBMC against irradiated pig lymphocytes was also assessed. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production and Caspase-3 and -7 activity in Concanavalin A (conA)-stimulated primate PBMC were measured following treatment with CORM-3. In vivo, CORM-3 was administered i.v. to cynomolgus monkeys at 4 mg/kg, as single or multiple doses for up to 30 days. The effect of CORM-3 was evaluated by the assessment of production of TNF-alpha and interleukin 1beta following PBMC stimulation with LPS by species-specific ELISA. Complete hematologic and biochemical analyses were routinely performed in treated primates. RESULTS At concentrations <500 microm, CORM-3 did not alter the viability of PAEC or primate PBMC cultures in vitro, nor did it induce significant levels of apoptosis or necrosis. Interestingly, at concentrations of 300 and 500 microm, significant PAEC proliferation was observed, whilst concentrations > or =50 microm inhibited conA-activated primate lymphocyte proliferation (IC(50) of 345.8 +/- 51.9 microm) and the primate xenogeneic response against pig PBMC. Such responses were demonstrated to be CO-dependent. In addition, CORM-3 significantly inhibited caspase-3 and -7 activity at concentrations between 200 and 500 microm and caused a significant reduction in TNF-alpha production (IC(50) 332.8 +/- 33.9 microm). In vivo, following the administration of multiple doses, TNF-alpha production was significantly reduced in comparison to pre-treatment responses, with decreased levels maintained throughout the study. Moreover, a slight and transient increase in transaminases and bilirubin was observed in animals exposed to multiple doses of CORM-3. CONCLUSIONS These studies suggest that CORM-3 has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties in primates that may result in clinical benefit to allo- and xenografted organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vadori
- Consorzio per la Ricerca sul Trapianto d'Organi, University of Padua, Via dei Giustiniani 2, Padua, Italy
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167
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Fang XD, Yang F, Zhu L, Shen YL, Wang LL, Chen YY. Curcumin ameliorates high glucose-induced acute vascular endothelial dysfunction in rat thoracic aorta. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2009; 36:1177-82. [PMID: 19473193 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05210.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
1. The aims of the present study were to explore the protective effect of curcumin against the acute vascular endothelial dysfunction induced by high glucose and to investigate the possible role of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in this protective action. 2. Thoracic aortic rings, with or without endothelium, obtained from male Sprague-Dawley rats were mounted in an organ bath. Isometric contraction of the rings was recorded. After completion of the organ bath studies, rings were homogenized and centrifuged (30,000 g, 4 degrees C, 15 min) and HO activity was determined in the supernatant. 3. After 2 h incubation of aortic rings in the presence of high glucose (44 mmol/L), the relaxation evoked by acetylcholine (3 x 10(-8) to 3 x 10(-5) mol/L) was significantly decreased only in rings with an intact endothelium. When rings were coincubated in the presence of curcumin (10(-13) to 10(-11) mol/L) and high glucose, curcumin reversed the vasodilator dysfunction induced by high glucose dose dependently. 4. Curcumin (10(-11) mol/L) increased HO activity in the aortic rings compared with activity in control rings (63.1 +/- 3.6 vs control 43.2 +/- 2.9 pmol/mg per h, respectively; P < 0.01). Protoporphyrin IX zinc (10(-6) mol/L), an inhibitor of HO-1, offset the protective effects of curcumin. In addition, the non-selective guanylate cyclase (GC) inhibitor methylene blue (10(-6) mol/L) completely abolished the protective effects of curcumin. 5. In conclusion, the results of the present study show that curcumin alleviates the acute endothelium-dependent vasodilator dysfunction induced by high glucose in rat aortic rings. Increased HO-1 activity and stimulation of GC may be involved in the protective effects of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Fang
- National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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168
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Song H, Bergstrasser C, Rafat N, Höger S, Schmidt M, Endres N, Goebeler M, Hillebrands JL, Brigelius-Flohé R, Banning A, Beck G, Loesel R, Yard BA. The carbon monoxide releasing molecule (CORM-3) inhibits expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin independently of haem oxygenase-1 expression. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 157:769-80. [PMID: 19422386 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00215.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although carbon monoxide (CO) can modulate inflammatory processes, the influence of CO on adhesion molecules is less clear. This might be due to the limited amount of CO generated by haem degradation. We therefore tested the ability of a CO releasing molecule (CORM-3), used in supra-physiological concentrations, to modulate the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 and E-selectin on endothelial cells and the mechanism(s) involved. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were stimulated with tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in the presence or absence of CORM-3. The influence of CORM-3 on VCAM-1 and E-selectin expression and the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB pathway was assessed by flow cytometry, Western blotting and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. KEY RESULTS CORM-3 inhibited the expression of VCAM-1 and E-selectin on TNF-alpha-stimulated HUVEC. VCAM-1 expression was also inhibited when CORM-3 was added 24 h after TNF-alpha stimulation or when TNF-alpha was removed. This was paralleled by deactivation of NF-kappaB and a reduction in VCAM-1 mRNA. Although TNF-alpha removal was more effective in this regard, VCAM-1 protein was down-regulated more rapidly when CORM-3 was added. CORM-3 induced haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in a dose- and time-dependent manner, mediated by the transcription factor, Nrf2. CORM-3 was still able to down-regulate VCAM-1 expression in HUVEC transfected with siRNA for HO-1 or Nrf2. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Down-regulation of VCAM and E-selectin expression induced by CORM-3 was independent of HO-1 up-regulation and was predominantly due to inhibition of sustained NF-kappaB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Song
- Vth Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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169
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Meng XH, Ni C, Zhu L, Shen YL, Wang LL, Chen Y. Puerarin protects against high glucose-induced acute vascular dysfunction: Role of heme oxygenase-1 in rat thoracic aorta. Vascul Pharmacol 2009; 50:110-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2008.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Revised: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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170
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Clark JE, Kottam A, Motterlini R, Marber MS. Measuring left ventricular function in the normal, infarcted and CORM-3-preconditioned mouse heart using complex admittance-derived pressure volume loops. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2009; 59:94-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2008.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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171
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Althaus M, Fronius M, Buchäckert Y, Vadász I, Clauss WG, Seeger W, Motterlini R, Morty RE. Carbon monoxide rapidly impairs alveolar fluid clearance by inhibiting epithelial sodium channels. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2009; 41:639-50. [PMID: 19251942 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0458oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is currently being evaluated as a therapeutic modality in the treatment of patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. No study has assessed the effects of CO on transepithelial ion transport and alveolar fluid reabsorption, two key aspects of alveolocapillary barrier function that are perturbed in acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome. Both CO gas (250 ppm) and CO donated by the CO donor, CO-releasing molecule (CORM)-3 (100 microM in epithelial lining fluid), applied to healthy, isolated, ventilated, and perfused rabbit lungs, significantly blocked (22)Na(+) clearance from the alveolar compartment, and blocked alveolar fluid reabsorption after fluid challenge. Apical application of two CO donors, CORM-3 or CORM-A1 (100 microM), irreversibly inhibited amiloride-sensitive short-circuit currents in H441 human bronchiolar epithelial cells and primary rat alveolar type II cells by up to 40%. Using a nystatin permabilization approach, the CO effect was localized to amiloride-sensitive channels on the apical surface. This effect was abolished by hemoglobin, a scavenger of CO, and was not observed when inactive forms of CO donors were employed. The effects of CO were not blocked by 8-bromoguanosine-3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate, soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitors (methylene blue and 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one), or inhibitors of trafficking events (phalloidin oleate, MG-132, and brefeldin A), but the amiloride affinity of H441 cells was reduced after CO exposure. These data indicate that CO rapidly inhibits sodium absorption across the airway epithelium by cyclic guanosine monophosphate- and trafficking-independent mechanisms, which may rely on critical histidine residues in amiloride-sensitive channels or associated regulatory proteins on the apical surface of lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Althaus
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Giessen Lung Center, Justus Liebig University, Aulweg 123 (Room 6-11), D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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172
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Goebel U, Siepe M. eComment: Carbon monoxide and its vasodilatative properties: another good reason for clinical implication. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2009; 7:962-3. [PMID: 19029383 DOI: 10.1510/icvts.2008.180489a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Goebel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
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173
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Dombkowski RA, Whitfield NL, Motterlini R, Gao Y, Olson KR. Effects of carbon monoxide on trout and lamprey vessels. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2009; 296:R141-9. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.90507.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is endogenously produced by heme oxygenase (HO) and is involved in vascular, neural, and inflammatory responses in mammals. However, the biological activities of CO in nonmammalian vertebrates is unknown. To this extent, we used smooth muscle myography to investigate the effects of exogenously applied CO (delivered via a water-soluble CO-releasing molecule, CORM-3) on isolated lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus) dorsal aortas and examined its mechanisms of action on trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) efferent branchial (EBA) and celiacomesenteric (CMA) arteries. CORM-3 dose-dependently relaxed all vessels examined. Trout EBA were twofold more sensitive to CORM-3 when precontracted with norepinephrine (NE) than KCl and CORM-3 relaxed five-fold more of the NE- than KCl-induced tension. Glybenclamide (10 μM), an ATP-sensitive potassium channel inhibitor, inhibited NE-induced contraction, but did not affect CORM-3-induced relaxation. NS-2028 (10 μM), a soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, had no effect on a NE-contraction, but inhibited a subsequent CORM-3-induced relaxation. Zinc protopophyrin-IX (ZnPP-IX, 0.3–30 μM), a HO inhibitor, elicited a small, yet dose-dependent and significant, increase in baseline tension but did not have any effect on subsequent NE-induced contractions or a nitric oxide-induced relaxation (via sodium nitroprusside). [ZnPP-IX] greater than 3 μM, however, significantly reduced the predominant vasodilatory response of trout EBA to hydrogen sulfide. These results implicate an active HO/CO pathway in trout vessels having an impact on resting vessel tone and CO-induced vasoactivity that is at least partially mediated by soluble guanylyl cyclase.
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174
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Pfeiffer H, Rojas A, Niesel J, Schatzschneider U. Sonogashira and “Click” reactions for the N-terminal and side-chain functionalization of peptides with [Mn(CO)3(tpm)]+-based CO releasing molecules (tpm = tris(pyrazolyl)methane). Dalton Trans 2009:4292-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b819091g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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175
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Atkin AJ, Williams S, Sawle P, Motterlini R, Lynam JM, Fairlamb IJS. μ2-Alkyne dicobalt(0)hexacarbonyl complexes as carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CO-RMs): probing the release mechanism. Dalton Trans 2009:3653-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b904627p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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176
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Zhang WQ, Atkin AJ, Thatcher RJ, Whitwood AC, Fairlamb IJS, Lynam JM. Diversity and design of metal-based carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) in aqueous systems: revealing the essential trends. Dalton Trans 2009:4351-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b822157j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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177
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Desmard M, Davidge KS, Bouvet O, Morin D, Roux D, Foresti R, Ricard JD, Denamur E, Poole RK, Montravers P, Morterlini R, Boczkowski J. A carbon monoxide‐releasing molecule (CORM‐3) exerts bactericidal activity against
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and improves survival in an animal model of bacteraemia. FASEB J 2008; 23:1023-31. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-122804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Desmard
- Inserm, U700, and Université Paris 7Facultede Médecine Paris France
- Departement Anesthésie-Reanimation Chirurgicale and Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris Hopital Bichat-Claude Bernard Paris France
| | - Kelly S. Davidge
- Inserm, U700, and Université Paris 7Facultede Médecine Paris France
| | - Odile Bouvet
- Inserm, U722, Université Paris 7 Facultede Médecine Paris France
| | - Didier Morin
- Inserm, U841 équipe 3 Universite Paris 12 Facultede Medecine Creteil France
| | - Damien Roux
- Inserm, U722, Université Paris 7 Facultede Médecine Paris France
| | - Roberta Foresti
- Department of Surgical Research Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research Harrow Middlesex UK
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development Italian Institute of Technology Genova Italy
| | - Jean D. Ricard
- Inserm, U722, Université Paris 7 Facultede Médecine Paris France
- Reanimation Médicale, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Louis Mourier Colombes France
| | - Erick Denamur
- Inserm, U722, Université Paris 7 Facultede Médecine Paris France
| | - Robert K. Poole
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology University of Sheffield Western Bank Sheffield UK
| | - Philippe Montravers
- Departement Anesthésie-Reanimation Chirurgicale and Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris Hopital Bichat-Claude Bernard Paris France
| | - Roberto Morterlini
- Department of Surgical Research Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research Harrow Middlesex UK
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development Italian Institute of Technology Genova Italy
| | - Jorge Boczkowski
- Inserm, U700, and Université Paris 7Facultede Médecine Paris France
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique 07 Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Hopital Bichat-Claude Bernard Paris France
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178
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Loboda A, Jazwa A, Grochot-Przeczek A, Rutkowski AJ, Cisowski J, Agarwal A, Jozkowicz A, Dulak J. Heme oxygenase-1 and the vascular bed: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2008; 10:1767-812. [PMID: 18576916 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2008.2043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1, an enzyme degrading heme to carbon monoxide, iron, and biliverdin, has been recognized as playing a crucial role in cellular defense against stressful conditions, not only related to heme release. HO-1 protects endothelial cells from apoptosis, is involved in blood-vessel relaxation regulating vascular tone, attenuates inflammatory response in the vessel wall, and participates in blood-vessel formation by means of angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. The latter functions link HO-1 not only to cardiovascular ischemia but also to many other conditions that, like development, wound healing, or cancer, are dependent on neovascularization. The aim of this comprehensive review is to address the mechanisms of HO-1 regulation and function in cardiovascular physiology and pathology and to demonstrate some possible applications of the vast knowledge generated so far. Recent data provide powerful evidence for the involvement of HO-1 in the therapeutic effect of drugs used in cardiovascular diseases. Novel studies open the possibilities of application of HO-1 for gene and cell therapy. Therefore, research in forthcoming years should help to elucidate both the real role of HO-1 in the effect of drugs and the clinical feasibility of HO-1-based cell and gene therapy, creating the effective therapeutic avenues for this refined antioxidant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Loboda
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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179
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Sun B, Zou X, Chen Y, Zhang P, Shi G. Preconditioning of carbon monoxide releasing molecule-derived CO attenuates LPS-induced activation of HUVEC. Int J Biol Sci 2008; 4:270-8. [PMID: 18726003 PMCID: PMC2519837 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.4.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Accepted: 08/20/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of preconditioning of tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (III) dimer (CORM-2)-liberated CO on LPS-induced activation of endothelial cells (HUVEC). Methods: HUVEC were pretreated with CORM-2 at the concentration of 50 or 100μM for 2 hrs, washed and stimulated with LPS (10μg/ml) for additional 4 hrs. Activation (oxidative stress) of HUVEC was assessed by measuring intracellular oxidation of DHR 123 or nitration of DAF-FM, specific H2O2 and NO fluorochromes, respectively. The expression of HO-1, iNOS (Western blot) and ICAM-1 (cell ELISA) proteins and activation of inflammation-relevant transcription factor, NF-κB (EMSA) were assessed. In addition, PMN adhesion to HUVEC was also assessed. Results: The obtained data indicate that pretreatment of HUVEC with CORM-2 results in: 1) decrease of LPS-induced production of ROS and NO; 2) up-regulation of HO-1 but decrease in iNOS at the protein levels; 3) inhibition of LPS-induced activation of NF-κB; and 4) downregulation of expression of ICAM-1, and this was accompanied by a decrease of PMN adhesion to LPS-stimulated HUVEC. Conclusions: Preconditioning of CO liberated by CORM-2 elicited its anti-inflammatory effects by interfering with the induction of intracellular oxidative stress. In addition, it also supports the notion that CO is a potent inhibitor of iNOS and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingwei Sun
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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180
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Ren Y, D'Ambrosio MA, Wang H, Liu R, Garvin JL, Carretero OA. Heme oxygenase metabolites inhibit tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF). Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008; 295:F1207-12. [PMID: 18715939 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.90243.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) is the mechanism by which the macula densa (MD) senses increases in luminal NaCl concentration and sends a signal to constrict the afferent arteriole (Af-Art). The kidney expresses constitutively heme oxygenase-2 (HO-2) and low levels of HO-1. HOs release carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin, and free iron. We hypothesized that renal HOs inhibit TGF via release of CO and biliverdin. Rabbit Af-Arts and attached MD were simultaneously microperfused in vitro. The TGF response was determined by measuring Af-Art diameter before and after increasing NaCl in the MD perfusate. When HO activity was inhibited by adding stannous mesoporphyrin (SnMP) to the MD perfusate, the TGF response increased from 2.1+/-0.2 to 4.1+/-0.4 microm (P=0.003, control vs. SnMP, n=7). When a CO-releasing molecule, (CORM-3; 50 microM), was added to the MD perfusate, the TGF response decreased by 41%, from 3.6+/-0.3 to 2.1+/-0.2 microm (P<0.001, control vs. CORM-3, n=12). When CORM-3 at 100 microM was added to the perfusate, it completely blocked the TGF response, from 4.2+/-0.4 to -0.2+/-0.3 microm (P<0.001, control vs. CORM-3, n=6). When biliverdin was added to the perfusate, the TGF response decreased by 79%, from 3.4+/-0.3 to 0.7+/-0.4 microm (P=0.001, control vs. biliverdin, n=6). The effects of SnMP and CORM-3 were not blocked by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase. We concluded that renal HO inhibits TGF probably via release of CO and biliverdin. HO regulation of TGF is a novel mechanism that could lead to a better understanding of the control of renal microcirculation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- YiLin Ren
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 Grand Blvd., Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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181
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Liu DM, Sun BW, Sun ZW, Jin Q, Sun Y, Chen X. Suppression of inflammatory cytokine production and oxidative stress by CO-releasing molecules-liberated CO in the small intestine of thermally-injured mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2008; 29:838-46. [PMID: 18565282 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2008.00816.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine whether carbon monoxide (CO)-releasing molecules-liberated CO suppress inflammatory cytokine production and oxidative stress in the small intestine of burnt mice. METHODS Twenty-eight mice were assigned to 4 groups. The mice in the sham group (n=7) underwent sham thermal injury, whereas the mice in the burn group (n=7) received 15% total body surface area full-thickness thermal injury, the mice in the burn+CO-releasing molecules (CORM)-2 group (n=7) underwent the same injury with immediate administration of CORM-2 (8 mg/kg, i.v.), and the mice in the burn+inactivated CORM (iCORM)-2 group (n=7) underwent the same injury with immediate administration of iCORM-2. The levels of inflammatory cytokines in the tissue homogenates were measured by ELISA. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the small intestine were also assessed. In the in vitro experiment, Caco-2 cells were stimulated by experimental mouse sera (50%, v/v) for 4 h. Subsequently, the levels of interleukin (IL)-8 and NO in the supernatants were assessed. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in Caco-2 cells was also measured. RESULTS The treatment of burnt mice with CORM-2 significantly attenuated the levels of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, MDA, and NO in tissue homogenates. This was accompanied by a decrease of iNOS expression. In parallel, the levels of IL-8, NO, and intracellular ROS generation in the supernatants of Caco-2 stimulated by the CORM-2-treated burnt mouse sera was markedly decreased. CONCLUSION CORM-released CO attenuates the production of inflammatory cytokines, prevents burn-induced ROS generation, and suppresses the oxidative stress in the small intestine of burnt mice by interfering with the protein expression of iNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-ming Liu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
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182
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Sun B, Sun Z, Jin Q, Chen X. CO-releasing molecules (CORM-2)-liberated CO attenuates leukocytes infiltration in the renal tissue of thermally injured mice. Int J Biol Sci 2008; 4:176-83. [PMID: 18566696 PMCID: PMC2430988 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.4.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the CO-releasing molecule -liberated CO attenuates infiltration of leukocytes in the renal tissue of thermally injured mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-eight mice were assigned to four groups. Mice in sham group (n=7) were underwent sham thermal injury, whereas mice in burn group (n=7) received 15% total body surface area (TBSA) full-thickness thermal injury. Mice in burn+CORM-2 group (n=7) underwent thermal injury followed by immediate administration of CORM-2 (8mg/kg, i.v.), whereas mice in burn+iCORM-2 group (n=7) underwent thermal injury followed by administration of iCORM-2 (an inactive compound used as negative control). Histological alterations and granulocytes infiltration in kidney were assessed alongised PMN accumulation, activation of NF-kBeta, expressions of ICAM-1 and HO-1 expression in renal tissues. RESULTS Treatment of thermally injured mice with CORM-2 significantly attenuated PMN accumulation and prevented activation of NF-kBeta in the kidney. This was accompanied by a decrease of the expression of ICAM-1 and an increase in HO-1 expression. In parallel, burn-induced granulocytes infiltration in renal tissue was markedly decreased by treatment with CORM-2. CONCLUSIONS CO delivered by CORM-2 attenuates leukocytes infiltration in the kidney of burned mice by interfering with NF-kBeta activation, protein expression of ICAM-1 and therefore suppressing endothelial cells pro-adhesive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingwei Sun
- Department of Burns, Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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183
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Masini E, Vannacci A, Failli P, Mastroianni R, Giannini L, Vinci MC, Uliva C, Motterlini R, Mannaioni PF. A carbon monoxide‐releasing molecule (CORM‐3) abrogates polymorphonuclear granulocyte‐induced activation of endothelial cells and mast cells. FASEB J 2008; 22:3380-8. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-107110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Masini
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical PharmacologyUniversity of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Alfredo Vannacci
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical PharmacologyUniversity of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Paola Failli
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical PharmacologyUniversity of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Rosanna Mastroianni
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical PharmacologyUniversity of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Lucia Giannini
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical PharmacologyUniversity of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Vinci
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical PharmacologyUniversity of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Caterina Uliva
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical PharmacologyUniversity of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Roberto Motterlini
- Vascular Biology Unit, Department of Surgical ResearchNorthwick Park Institute for Medical Research Harrow Middlesex UK
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Vandegriff KD, Young MA, Lohman J, Bellelli A, Samaja M, Malavalli A, Winslow RM. CO-MP4, a polyethylene glycol-conjugated haemoglobin derivative and carbon monoxide carrier that reduces myocardial infarct size in rats. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 154:1649-61. [PMID: 18536756 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE MP4 (Hemospan) is a Hb-based oxygen therapeutic agent, based on polyethylene-glycol (PEG) conjugation to Hb, undergoing clinical trials as an oxygen carrier. This study describes the functional interaction between MP4 and carbon monoxide (CO), as a CO delivery agent, and the effects of CO-MP4 on myocardial infarct size following ischaemia and reperfusion in rats. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Kinetic measurements of CO-MP4 binding were used to evaluate the effects of PEG modification on Hb subunit structure/function and to calculate CO-MP4 equilibrium constants. CO transport by CO-MP4 was shown by ligand (O2/CO) partitioning between MP4 and red blood cell (RBC)-Hb. Pharmacological effects of CO-MP4 were studied on myocardial infarction in rats. KEY RESULTS CO binding kinetics show primary structural/functional effects on beta chains in MP4, with alpha chains maintaining the ability to undergo tertiary conformational transition. CO confers long-term, room-temperature stability and is able to rapidly re-equilibrate between MP4 and RBCs. In a rat model of myocardial infarct, in contrast to oxy-MP4, CO-MP4 reduced infarct size when administered prior to the induction of ischaemia. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS MP4 PEGylation chemistry modifies the individual function of Hb subunits, but results in an overall CO equilibrium constant similar to that for unmodified Hb. CO-MP4 is able to deliver CO to the circulation and reduces ischaemia/reperfusion injury in rats, providing the first evidence for this drug as a CO therapeutic agent.
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185
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Dong DL, Chen C, Huang W, Chen Y, Zhang XL, Li Z, Li Y, Yang BF. Tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) dimer (CORM2) activates non-selective cation current in human endothelial cells independently of carbon monoxide releasing. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 590:99-104. [PMID: 18582862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2008] [Revised: 05/16/2008] [Accepted: 05/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) dimer (CORM2) has been developed as carbon monoxide (CO) donor. We found that CORM2 activated a type of specific current which was distinct from the big-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) current activated by CO in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). So the aim of the present study was to characterize the CORM2-induced current and to access the relation with CO releasing. CORM2 (100 microM) activated a kind of bi-directional current in HUVECs when the ramp protocol (holding potential 0 mV, from -120 mV to +120 mV) was applied. The current was not blocked by apamin, TRAM-34 and iberiotoxin, the small, intermediate and big-conductance Ca(2+) -activated K(+) channel blockers, and it was not sensitive to the pipette solution chelated with EGTA. CORM2 still activated the current when the chloride in the pipette solution was substituted by equal mol gluconic acid. Substitution of the sodium in the bath with choline significantly reduced the current activated by CORM2. The current was regarded as the non-selective cation current. The current showed slightly inward rectifier property and was not sensitive to Gd(3+) (100 microM), La(3+) (10 microM) or 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (100 microM). CO (10 microM), CORM3 (100, 200 microM) and RuCl(3) (100 microM) were used as controls and showed no effect of the current activation. In conclusion, CORM2 activated the non-selective cation current in HUVECs independently of its CO releasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Li Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China.
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186
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Sun BW, Sun Y, Sun ZW, Chen X. CO liberated from CORM-2 modulates the inflammatory response in the liver of thermally injured mice. World J Gastroenterol 2008. [PMID: 18203286 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.13.6127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the effects of CO-releasing molecules [tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) dimer, CORM-2]-liberated CO on attenuation of inflammatory responses in liver of an experimental animal model of thermal injury and to investigate the associated potential mechanisms. METHODS Thirty-six mice were assigned to three groups in three respective experiments. In each experiment, mice in sham group (n=4) received sham thermal injury, whereas mice in burn group (n=4) received a 15% of total body surface area (TBSA) full-thickness thermal injury, and mice in burn+CORM-2 group (n=4) received the same thermal injury with immediate administration of CORM-2 (8 mg/kg, iv). Hepatic tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined under a light microscope. Levels of aminotransferases (ALT and AST) and nitric oxide (NO) were measured by biochemical methods. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin (IL-1beta) activity, and the protein expression of iNOS and HO-1 in serum and tissue homogenates were assessed. In in vitro experiments, Kupffer cells were stimulated with LPS (10 microg/mL) for 4 h in the presence or absence of CORM-2 (10-100 micromol/L). Subsequently, the expression levels of TNF-alpha and NO production were assessed. RESULTS Pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, NO) in serum and liver homogenates of thermally injured mice were significantly reduced by CORM-2 administration. This was accompanied by a decrease in the expression of iNOS while an increase in the expression of HO-1 in the liver tissue. In parallel, the concentrations of TNF-alpha and NO in supernatants of LPS-stimulated Kupffer cells co-incubated with CORM-2 (10-100 micromol/L) were also markedly decreased. Histological examination demonstrated that CORM-2 could attenuate the leukocytes infiltration to the liver tissue. CONCLUSION CORM-released CO modulates liver inflammation and significantly protects liver injury in burn mice by inhibiting the expression of iNOS and NO production, down-regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Wei Sun
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, 438 Jiefang Rd. Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu Province, China.
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187
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Sun BW, Jin Q, Sun Y, Sun ZW, Chen X, Chen ZY, Cepinskas G. Carbon liberated from CO-releasing molecules attenuates leukocyte infiltration in the small intestine of thermally injured mice. World J Gastroenterol 2008. [PMID: 18069757 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.13.6183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine whether Carbon (CO) liberated from CO-releasing molecules attenuates leukocyte infiltration in the small intestine of thermally injured mice. METHODS Thirty-six mice were assigned to four groups. Mice in the sham group (n = 9) were underwent to sham thermal injury; mice in the burn group (n = 9) received 15% total body surface area full-thickness thermal injury; mice in the burn + CORM-2 group (n = 9) were underwent to the same thermal injury with immediate administration of tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) dimer CORM-2 (8 mg/kg, i.v.); and mice in the burn+DMSO group (n = 9) were underwent to the same thermal injury with immediate administration of 160 muL bolus injection of 0.5% DMSO/saline. Histological alterations and granulocyte infiltration of the small intestine were assessed. Polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) accumulation (myeloperoxidase assay) was assessed in mice mid-ileum. Activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B, expression levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and inducible heme oxygenase in mid-ileum were assessed. RESULTS Treatment of thermally injured mice with CORM-2 attenuated PMN accumulation and prevented activation of NF-kappa B in the small intestine. This was accompanied by a decrease in the expression of ICAM-1. In parallel, burn-induced granulocyte infiltration in mid-ileum was markedly decreased in the burn mice treated with CORM-2. CONCLUSION CORM-released CO attenuates leukocyte infiltration in the small intestine of thermally injured mice by interfering with NF-kappa B activation and protein expression of ICAM-1, and therefore suppressing the pro-adhesive phenotype of endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Wei Sun
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, 438 Jiefang Rd, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu Province, China.
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188
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Musameh MD, Green CJ, Mann BE, Fuller BJ, Motterlini R. Improved myocardial function after cold storage with preservation solution supplemented with a carbon monoxide-releasing molecule (CORM-3). J Heart Lung Transplant 2008; 26:1192-8. [PMID: 18022087 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2007.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2007] [Revised: 07/05/2007] [Accepted: 08/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) are pharmacologically active as they protect against cardiac graft rejection and cold ischemia-mediated renal dysfunction. We investigated the cardioprotective role of carbon monoxide (CO) released from CORM-3 against cold ischemia-mediated injury in the heart and evaluated its potential application in the clinical setting of cardiac transplantation. METHODS Isolated rat hearts underwent cold ischemic storage for 4 or 6 hours using St Thomas Hospital solution that was supplemented with either CORM-3 (50 mumol/liter) or its inactive counterpart (iCORM-3), which does not release CO. Hearts were then reperfused. Both functional parameters and release of cardiac enzymes were assessed. RESULTS Addition of CORM-3 to the preservation solution resulted in a significant improvement in systolic and diastolic function as well as coronary flow when compared with hearts treated with iCORM-3. In addition, lower levels of the cardiac enzymes creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase were measured in the perfusate of hearts stored with CORM-3. CONCLUSIONS The improved functional recovery and reduced enzyme release after cardiac cold storage with CORM-3, but not iCORM-3, indicate that CO is the main mediator of myocardial protection. Thus, CO-RMs can be used as adjuvants to improve the preservation of hearts for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muntaser D Musameh
- Department of Surgery, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, Hampstead, London, UK
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189
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Abstract
The occurrence, role and consequences of CO and NO in biological systems are reviewed. This includes their syntheses by heme oxygenases and NO synthases, their biological targets and the physiological effects of their signals. The use of CO and NO gases in medicine are discussed and methods of delivery are illustrated with particular emphasis on the therapeutic properties of compounds that generate controlled amounts of NO and CO in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Mann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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190
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Use of carbon monoxide as a therapeutic agent: promises and challenges. Intensive Care Med 2008; 34:649-58. [PMID: 18286265 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-008-1011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2007] [Accepted: 11/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
As a by-product of heme catabolism by the heme oxygenase system, carbon monoxide (CO) has been neglected for many years, and only recently has its role as an essential signaling molecule been appreciated. In the past decade, the use of CO gas in pre-clinical experimental models of disease has produced some remarkable data indicating that its therapeutic delivery to mammals could alleviate inflammatory processes and cardiovascular disorders. However, the inherent toxic nature of CO cannot be ignored, knowing that inhalation of uncontrolled amounts of this gas can ultimately lead to serious systemic complications and neuronal derangements. From a clinical perspective, a key question is whether a safe and therapeutically effective threshold of CO can be reached locally in organs and tissues without delivering potentially toxic amounts through the lung. The advent of CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs), a group of compounds capable of carrying and liberating controlled quantities of CO in cellular systems, appears a plausible alternative in the attempt to overcome the limitations of CO gas. Although in its infancy and far from being used for clinical applications, the CO-RMs technology is supported by very encouraging biological results and reflected by the chemical versatility of these compounds and their endless potential to be transformed into CO-based pharmaceuticals.
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191
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Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CO-RMs): vasodilatory, anti-ischaemic and anti-inflammatory activities. Biochem Soc Trans 2008; 35:1142-6. [PMID: 17956297 DOI: 10.1042/bst0351142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The well-known adverse effects of CO (carbon monoxide) intoxication are counterbalanced by its positive actions when small amounts are produced intracellularly by the cytoprotective enzyme HO-1 (haem oxygenase-1). As compelling scientific evidence accumulated to sustain that HO-1 plays a fundamental role in counteracting vascular and inflammatory disorders, we began to appreciate that a controlled delivery of CO to mammals may provide therapeutic benefits in a number of pathological states. This is the rationale for the recent development of CO-RMs (CO-releasing molecules), a group of compounds capable of carrying and liberating controlled quantities of CO in cellular systems, which offer a plausible tool for studying the pharmacological effects of this gas and identifying its mechanism(s) of action. The present review will highlight the encouraging results obtained so far on the vasodilatory, anti-ischaemic and anti-inflammatory effects elicited by CO-RMs in in vitro and in vivo models with an emphasis on the prospect of converting chemical CO carriers into CO-based pharmaceuticals.
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192
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Sun BW, Sun Y, Sun ZW, Chen X. CO liberated from CORM-2 modulates the inflammatory response in the liver of thermally injured mice. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:547-53. [PMID: 18203286 PMCID: PMC2681145 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the effects of CO-releasing molecules [tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) dimer, CORM-2]-liberated CO on attenuation of inflammatory responses in liver of an experimental animal model of thermal injury and to investigate the associated potential mechanisms.
METHODS: Thirty-six mice were assigned to three groups in three respective experiments. In each experiment, mice in sham group (n = 4) received sham thermal injury, whereas mice in burn group (n = 4) received a 15% of total body surface area (TBSA) full-thickness thermal injury, and mice in burn + CORM-2 group (n = 4) received the same thermal injury with immediate administration of CORM-2 (8 mg/kg, iv). Hepatic tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined under a light microscope. Levels of aminotransferases (ALT and AST) and nitric oxide (NO) were measured by biochemical methods. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL-1β) activity, and the protein expression of iNOS and HO-1 in serum and tissue homogenates were assessed. In in vitro experiments, Kupffer cells were stimulated with LPS (10 &mgr;g/mL) for 4 h in the presence or absence of CORM-2 (10-100 &mgr;mol/L). Subsequently, the expression levels of TNF-α and NO production were assessed.
RESULTS: Pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, NO) in serum and liver homogenates of thermally injured mice were significantly reduced by CORM-2 administration. This was accompanied by a decrease in the expression of iNOS while an increase in the expression of HO-1 in the liver tissue. In parallel, the concentrations of TNF-α and NO in supernatants of LPS-stimulated Kupffer cells co-incubated with CORM-2 (10-100 &mgr;mol/L) were also markedly decreased. Histological examination demonstrated that CORM-2 could attenuate the leukocytes infiltration to the liver tissue.
CONCLUSION: CORM-released CO modulates liver inflammation and significantly protects liver injury in burn mice by inhibiting the expression of iNOS and NO production, down-regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β).
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193
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Megías J, Guillén MI, Bru A, Gomar F, Alcaraz MJ. The carbon monoxide-releasing molecule tricarbonyldichlororuthenium(II) dimer protects human osteoarthritic chondrocytes and cartilage from the catabolic actions of interleukin-1beta. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008; 325:56-61. [PMID: 18195133 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.134650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the effects of a carbon monoxide-releasing molecule, tricarbonyldichlororuthenium(II) dimer (CORM-2), on catabolic processes in human osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage and chondrocytes activated with interleukin-1beta. In these cells, proinflammatory cytokines induce the synthesis of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and aggrecanases, including members of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin domain (ADAMTS) family, which may contribute to cartilage loss. CORM-2 down-regulated MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-10, MMP-13, and ADAMTS-5 in OA chondrocytes, and it inhibited cartilage degradation. These effects were accompanied by increased aggrecan synthesis and collagen II expression in chondrocytes. Our results also indicate that the inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 activation by CORM-2 may contribute to the maintenance of extracellular matrix homeostasis. These observations suggest that CORM-2 could exert chondroprotective effects due to the inhibition of catabolic activities and the enhancement of aggrecan synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Megías
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andres Estelles s/n, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain
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Williams SE, Brazier SP, Baban N, Telezhkin V, Müller CT, Riccardi D, Kemp PJ. A structural motif in the C-terminal tail of slo1 confers carbon monoxide sensitivity to human BK Ca channels. Pflugers Arch 2008; 456:561-72. [PMID: 18180950 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-007-0439-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2007] [Revised: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a potent activator of large conductance, calcium-dependent potassium (BK Ca) channels of vascular myocytes and carotid body glomus cells or when heterologously expressed. Using the human BK Ca channel alpha1-subunit (hSlo1; KCNMA1) stably and transiently expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells, the mechanism and structural basis of channel activation by CO was investigated in inside-out, excised membrane patches. Activation by CO was concentration dependent (EC50 approximately 20 microM), rapid, reversible, and evoked a shift in the V 0.5 of -20 mV. CO evoked no changes in either single channel conductance or in deactivation rate but augmented channel activation rate. Activation was independent of the redox state of the channel, or associated compounds/protein partners, and was partially dependent on [Ca2+]i in the physiological range (100-1,000 nM). Importantly, CO "super-stimulated" BK Ca activity even in saturating [Ca2+]i. Single or double mutation of two histidine residues previously implicated in CO sensing did not suppress CO activation but replacing the S9-S10 module of the C-terminal of Slo1 with that of Slo3 completely prevented the action of CO. These findings show that a motif in the S9-S10 part of the C-terminal is essential for CO activation and suggest that this gas transmitter activates the BK Ca channel by redox-independent changes in gating.
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195
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Cepinskas G, Katada K, Bihari A, Potter RF. Carbon monoxide liberated from carbon monoxide-releasing molecule CORM-2 attenuates inflammation in the liver of septic mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2008; 294:G184-91. [PMID: 17991708 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00348.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that exogenously administered CO is beneficial for the resolution of acute inflammation. In this study, we assessed the role of CO liberated from a systemically administered tricarbonyldichlororuthenium-(II)-dimer (CORM-2) on modulation of liver inflammation during sepsis. Polymicrobial sepsis in mice was induced by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). CORM-2 (8 mg/kg iv) was administered immediately after CLP induction, and neutrophil [polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)] tissue accumulation, activation of transcription factor, NF-kappaB, and changes in adhesion molecule ICAM-1 expression (inflammation-relevant markers) were assessed in murine liver 24 h later. In addition, the effects and potential mechanisms of CORM-2-released CO in modulation of vascular endothelial cell proinflammatory responses were assessed in vitro. To this end, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were stimulated with LPS (1 microg/ml) in the presence or absence of CORM-2 (10-100 microM) and production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), (DHR123 oxidation) and NO (DAF-FM nitrosation) and subsequent activation of NF-kappaB were assessed 4 h later. In parallel, expression of ICAM-1 and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) proteins along with PMN adhesion to LPS-challenged HUVEC were also assessed. Induction of CLP resulted in increased PMN accumulation, ICAM-1 expression, and activation of NF-kappaB in the liver of septic mice. These effects were significantly attenuated by systemic administration of CORM-2. In in vitro experiments, CORM-2-released CO attenuated LPS-induced production of ROS and NO, activation of NF-kappaB, increase in ICAM-1 and iNOS protein expression and PMN adhesion to LPS-stimulated HUVEC. Taken together, these findings indicate that CO released from systemically administered CORM-2 provides anti-inflammatory effects by interfering with NF-kappaB activation and subsequent downregulation of proadhesive vascular endothelial cell phenotype in the liver of septic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gediminas Cepinskas
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, N6A 4G4, Canada.
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196
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Sun BW, Jin Q, Sun Y, Sun ZW, Chen X, Chen ZY, Cepinskas G. Carbon liberated from CO-releasing molecules attenuates leukocyte infiltration in the small intestine of thermally injured mice. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:6183-90. [PMID: 18069757 PMCID: PMC4171227 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i46.6183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine whether Carbon (CO) liberated from CO-releasing molecules attenuates leukocyte infiltration in the small intestine of thermally injured mice.
METHODS: Thirty-six mice were assigned to four groups. Mice in the sham group (n = 9) were underwent to sham thermal injury; mice in the burn group (n = 9) received 15% total body surface area full-thickness thermal injury; mice in the burn + CORM-2 group (n = 9) were underwent to the same thermal injury with immediate administration of tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) dimer CORM-2 (8 mg/kg, i.v.); and mice in the burn+DMSO group (n = 9) were underwent to the same thermal injury with immediate administration of 160 μL bolus injection of 0.5% DMSO/saline. Histological alterations and granulocyte infiltration of the small intestine were assessed. Polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) accumulation (myeloperoxidase assay) was assessed in mice mid-ileum. Activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κΒ, expression levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and inducible heme oxygenase in mid-ileum were assessed.
RESULTS: Treatment of thermally injured mice with CORM-2 attenuated PMN accumulation and prevented activation of NF-κΒ in the small intestine. This was accompanied by a decrease in the expression of ICAM-1. In parallel, burn-induced granulocyte infiltration in mid-ileum was markedly decreased in the burn mice treated with CORM-2.
CONCLUSION: CORM-released CO attenuates leukocyte infiltration in the small intestine of thermally injured mice by interfering with NF-κΒ activation and protein expression of ICAM-1, and therefore suppressing the pro-adhesive phenotype of endothelial cells.
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197
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Desmard M, Boczkowski J, Poderoso J, Motterlini R. Mitochondrial and cellular heme-dependent proteins as targets for the bioactive function of the heme oxygenase/carbon monoxide system. Antioxid Redox Signal 2007; 9:2139-55. [PMID: 17854278 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2007.1803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The toxic effect of high concentrations of CO gas in living organisms is coherently typified at biochemical levels by the high affinity of CO for hemoglobin and cytochromes, heme-dependent proteins that are indispensable for oxygen transport and mitochondrial respiration. However, the basal production of CO during heme degradation and the ability of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) to increase CO availability pose the question of how this gaseous molecule interacts with metal centers within the intracellular milieu to serve as one of the most unconventional signaling mediators. Emerging evidence indicates that the diverse and multifaceted beneficial effects exerted by "low concentrations" of CO cannot be explained solely by the activation of classic prototypic targets (i.e., guanylate cyclase/potassium channels) but entails the dynamic and concerted activation/inhibition of a group of CO-responsive proteins. As the complexity of the temporal and spatial action of CO is progressively being appreciated, this review aims to (a) highlight the current knowledge on certain metal-containing proteins that interact directly with CO; (b) analyze the latest notions on their functional role in response to CO; and finally (c) propose a rational view on the mode these CO targets may interrelate with and be regulated by the HO/CO pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Desmard
- Inserm, U700; Université Paris 7, Faculté de Medicine, site Xavier Bichat, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
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198
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Abstract
Despite modern practices in critical care medicine, sepsis or systemic inflammatory response syndrome remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the intensive care unit. Thus, the need to identify new therapeutic tools for the treatment of sepsis is urgent. In this context, carbon monoxide has become a promising therapeutic molecule that can potentially prevent uncontrolled inflammation in sepsis. In humans, carbon monoxide arises endogenously from the degradation of heme by heme oxygenase enzymes. Both endogenously synthesized and exogenously applied carbon monoxide can exert antiinflammatory and antiapoptotic effects in cells and tissues. Based on these properties, carbon monoxide, when applied at low concentration, conferred protection in a variety of cellular and rodent models of sepsis, and furthermore reduced morbidity and mortality in vivo. Therefore, application of carbon monoxide may have a major impact on the future of sepsis treatment. This review summarizes evidence for salutary effects of carbon monoxide in sepsis of various organs, including lung, heart, kidney, liver, and intestine, and discusses the potential translation of the data into human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hoetzel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, MUH 628 NW, 3459 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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199
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De Backer O, Lefebvre RA. Mechanisms of relaxation by carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2 in murine gastric fundus and jejunum. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 572:197-206. [PMID: 17610869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Revised: 05/31/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of action of carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2), compared to those of carbon monoxide (CO), in murine gastric fundus and jejunal circular smooth muscle. Functional in vitro experiments and cGMP measurements were conducted. In both tissues, CO and CORM-2 induced concentration-dependent relaxations. CO-induced relaxations were abolished by the soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) inhibitor ODQ, while CORM-2-evoked inhibitory responses were only partly prevented by ODQ. Relaxations elicited by CO (300 microM) were associated with a significant increase in cGMP levels, whereas for CORM-2 (300 microM) no significant increase in cGMP levels could be measured. The sGC sensitizer YC-1 was able to accelerate and potentiate both CO- and CORM-2-induced relaxations. Furthermore, the intermediate- and large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (IKCa-BKCa) channel blocker charybdotoxin significantly reduced CO- and CORM-2-induced relaxations in jejunal tissue; this same effect was observed with the BKCa channel blocker iberiotoxin. The combination of apamin plus charybdotoxin significantly reduced relaxations in gastric fundus and had synergistic inhibitory effects in jejunum. The NOS inhibitor L-NAME had no effect on the induced relaxations in gastric fundus, but significantly reduced CO- and CORM-2-evoked relaxations in jejunum. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that CO and CORM-2 produce relaxation in gastric fundus and jejunum via sGC and activation of KCa channels, and a nitric oxide (NO)-mediated amplification of CO signaling in jejunum is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole De Backer
- Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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200
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Zimmermann A, Leffler CW, Tcheranova D, Fedinec AL, Parfenova H. Cerebroprotective effects of the CO-releasing molecule CORM-A1 against seizure-induced neonatal vascular injury. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007; 293:H2501-7. [PMID: 17630349 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00354.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous CO, a product of heme oxygenase activity, has vasodilator and cytoprotective effects in the cerebral circulation of newborn pigs. CO-releasing molecule (CORM)-A1 (sodium boranocarbonate) is a novel, water-soluble, CO-releasing compound. We addressed the hypotheses that CORM-A1 1) can deliver CO to the brain and exert effects of CO on the cerebral microvasculature and 2) is cerebroprotective. Acute and delayed effects of topically and systemically administered CORM-A1 on cerebrovascular and systemic circulatory parameters were determined in anesthetized newborn pigs with implanted closed cranial windows. Topical application of CORM-A1 (10(-7)-10(-5) M) to the brain produced concentration-dependent CO release and pial arteriolar dilation. Systemically administered CORM-A1 (2 mg/kg ip or iv) caused pial arteriolar dilation and increased cortical cerebrospinal fluid CO concentration. Systemic CORM-A1 did not have acute or delayed effects on blood pressure, heart rate, or blood gases. Potential cerebroprotective vascular effects of CORM-A1 (2 mg/kg ip, 30 min before seizures) were tested 2 days after bicuculline-induced epileptic seizures (late postictal period). In control piglets, seizures reduced postictal cerebrovascular responsiveness to selective physiologically relevant vasodilators (bradykinin, hemin, and isoproterenol) indicative of cerebrovascular injury. In contrast, in CORM-A1-pretreated animals, no loss of postictal cerebrovascular reactivity was observed. We conclude that systemically administered CORM-A1 delivers CO to the brain, elicits the vasodilator and cytoprotective effects of CO in the cerebral circulation, and protects the neonatal brain from cerebrovascular injury caused by epileptic seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliz Zimmermann
- Laboratory for Research in Neonatal Physiology, Department of Physiology, Vascular Biology Center, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
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