151
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Zhong P, Wu J, Wu J, Liu K, Wan C, Liu JB. Solvent-controlled selective synthesis of amides and thioureas from isothiocyanates. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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152
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Mamedov VA, Mamedova VL, Syakaev VV, Voronina JK, Mahrous EM, Khikmatova GZ, Korshin DE, Shamsutdinova LR, Rizvanov IK. Synthesis of 3-benzylquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones and 4-formyl-3-benzyl-3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones from 3-aryloxirane-2-carboxamides via 5-arylidene-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidin-4-ones. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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153
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Missioui M, Guerrab W, Alsubari A, Mague JT, Ramli Y. Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 2-azido- N-(4-fluoro-phen-yl)acetamide. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2022; 78:855-859. [PMID: 35974836 PMCID: PMC9361366 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989022006764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C8H7FN4O, consists of two independent mol-ecules differing in the orientation of the azido group. Each mol-ecule forms N-H⋯O hydrogen-bonded chains along along the c-axis direction with its symmetry-related counterparts and the chains are connected by C-F⋯π(ring), C=O⋯π(ring) and slipped π-stacking inter-actions. A Hirshfeld surface analysis of these inter-actions was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohcine Missioui
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Drug Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Walid Guerrab
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Drug Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdulsalam Alsubari
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, 21 September University, Yemen
| | - Joel T Mague
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Youssef Ramli
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Drug Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
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154
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Hafeez J, Bilal M, Rasool N, Hafeez U, Adnan Ali Shah S, Imran S, Amiruddin Zakaria Z. Synthesis of Ruthenium complexes and their catalytic applications: A review. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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155
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Missioui M, Guerrab W, Alsubari A, Mague JT, Ramli Y. 2-Azido- N-(4-methylphenyl)acetamide. IUCRDATA 2022; 7:x220621. [DOI: 10.1107/s2414314622006216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C9H10N4O, comprises three independent molecules, two pairs of which differ significantly in the rotational orientation of the azido group and one pair having very similar conformations; the N—N—C—C torsion angles are −173.9 (2), −102.7 (2) and −173.6 (2)°. In the crystal, each independent molecule forms N—H...O hydrogen bonds with its glide-plane-related counterparts, forming zigzag chains extending along the c-axis direction.
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156
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Matsuo BT, Oliveira PHR, Pissinati EF, Vega KB, de Jesus IS, Correia JTM, Paixao M. Photoinduced carbamoylation reactions: unlocking new reactivities towards amide synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8322-8339. [PMID: 35843219 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02585j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of amide-containing compounds is among the most interesting and challenging topics for the synthetic community. Such relevance is given by their reactive aspects explored in the context of organic synthesis and by the direct application of these compounds as pharmaceuticals and useful materials, and their key roles in biological structures. A simple and straightforward strategy for the amide moiety installation is the use of carbamoyl radicals - this nucleophilic one-electron intermediate is prone to undergo a series of transformations, providing a range of structurally relevant derivatives. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in the field from the perspective of photoinduced protocols. To this end, their synthetic applications are organized accordingly to the nature of the radical precursor (formamides through HAT, 4-substituted-1,4-dihydropyridines, oxamic acids, and N-hydroxyphthalimido esters), the mechanistic aspects also being highlighted. The discussion also includes a recent approach proceeding via photolytic C-S cleavage of dithiocarbamate-carbamoyl intermediates. By exploring fundamental concepts, this material aims to offer an understanding of the topic, which will encourage and facilitate the design of new synthetic strategies applying the carbamoyl radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca T Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil. .,Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Pedro H R Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Emanuele F Pissinati
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Kimberly B Vega
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Iva S de Jesus
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Jose Tiago M Correia
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Márcio Paixao
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil.
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157
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Yamaguchi K, Jin X, Yatabe T, Suzuki K. Development of Environmentally Friendly Dehydrogenative Oxidation Reactions Using Multifunctional Heterogeneous Catalysts. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20220181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656
| | - Xiongjie Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656
| | - Takafumi Yatabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656
| | - Kosuke Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656
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158
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Lim SG, Seo SE, Park SJ, Kim J, Kim Y, Kim KH, An JE, Kwon OS. Real-time monitoring of serotonin with highly selective aptamer-functionalized conducting polymer nanohybrids. NANO CONVERGENCE 2022; 9:31. [PMID: 35829851 PMCID: PMC9279540 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-022-00325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Adequate serotonin levels are pivotal to human well-being; thus, serotonin can be used as a biomarker because it regulates a wide range of physical and psychological functions. As an imbalance of serotonin is highly likely to initiate the pathogenesis of various disorders, monitoring serotonin levels in real time is in high demand for the early detection of disease. We fabricated a field-effect transistor (FET) biosensor based on aptamer-immobilized conducting polymer nanohybrids, which showed an instantaneous response toward serotonin in solution. The mechanism of serotonin detection was based on aptamer deformation after aptamer-ligand interaction and the consequential decrease in the charge carrier density of the FET template. Docking simulations with AutoDock/Vina and PyMOL were successfully used to investigate the binding site of serotonin in the loop structure of the aptamer. The fabricated FET template showed high sensitivity toward serotonin in the range of 10 fM to 100 nM, and the limit of detection (LOD) was exceptionally low at 10 fM. Moreover, the selectivity toward serotonin was confirmed by observing no signal after the injection of structural analogs, functional analogs and excess physiological biomolecules. The potential clinical application of this sensor was confirmed because it remained consistent when the buffer solution was exchanged for artificial serum or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). † S.G.L. and S.E.S. contributed equally to this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Gi Lim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Eun Seo
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Joo Park
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyeong Kim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Kim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Kim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jai Eun An
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Seok Kwon
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biotechnology (Major), University of Science & Technology (UST), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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159
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Liu X, Xu B, Su W. Ni-Catalyzed Deoxygenative Borylation of Phenols Via O-Phenyl-uronium Activation. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Wulongjiang Road, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Biping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Weiping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Wulongjiang Road, Fuzhou 350108, China
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160
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Hoque ME, Bisht R, Unnikrishnan A, Dey S, Mahamudul Hassan MM, Guria S, Rai RN, Sunoj RB, Chattopadhyay B. Iridium‐Catalyzed Ligand‐Controlled Remote
para
‐Selective C−H Activation and Borylation of Twisted Aromatic Amides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203539. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Emdadul Hoque
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014, U.P. India
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Ranjana Bisht
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014, U.P. India
| | - Anju Unnikrishnan
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Sayan Dey
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014, U.P. India
| | - Mirja Md Mahamudul Hassan
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014, U.P. India
| | - Saikat Guria
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014, U.P. India
| | - Rama Nand Rai
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Raghavan B. Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014, U.P. India
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161
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Adegboyega AK, Son J. Reaction of Dioxazolones with Boronic Acids: Copper-Mediated Synthesis of N-Aryl Amides via N-Acyl Nitrenes. Org Lett 2022; 24:4925-4929. [PMID: 35776142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Dioxazolones, as direct amide sources, have been used with boronic acids in the presence of copper(I) chloride to access N-aryl amides at room temperature. The versatility of the developed reaction is proven by ample scope having a wide range of functional group tolerance. The reaction optimization conditions revealed that a fluorine additive demonstrated improved reactivity toward the intended transformation. The addition of triphenylphosphine resulted in N-acyl iminophosphorane, suggesting the involvement of an N-acyl nitrene intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jongwoo Son
- Department of Chemistry, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, South Korea.,Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Graduate Program), Dong-A University, Busan 49315, South Korea
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162
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Datta D, Mori S, Madaoui M, Wassarman K, Zlatev I, Manoharan M. Aminooxy Click Chemistry as a Tool for Bis-homo and Bis-hetero Ligand Conjugation to Nucleic Acids. Org Lett 2022; 24:4496-4501. [PMID: 35715221 PMCID: PMC9251770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
An aminooxy click
chemistry (AOCC) strategy was used to synthesize
nucleoside building blocks for incorporation during solid-support
synthesis of oligonucleotides to enable bis-homo and bis-hetero conjugation
of various biologically relevant ligands. The bis-homo aminooxy conjugation
leads to bivalent ligand presentation, whereas the bis-hetero conjugation
allows the placement of different ligands with either the same or
different chemical linkages. This facile synthetic methodology allows
introduction of two different ligands with different biological functions
simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhrubajyoti Datta
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Shohei Mori
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Mimouna Madaoui
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Kelly Wassarman
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Ivan Zlatev
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Muthiah Manoharan
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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163
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Xiong N, Dong Y, Xu B, Li Y, Zeng R. Mild Amide Synthesis Using Nitrobenzene under Neutral Conditions. Org Lett 2022; 24:4766-4771. [PMID: 35758649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Amide synthesis is one of the most important transformations in organic chemistry due to the broad application in pharmaceutical drugs and organic materials. In this report, we describe a mild protocol for amide formation using the readily available nitroarenes as nitrogen sources and an inexpensive iron complex as a catalyst. Because of the use of the pH-neutral conditions and the avoidance of the strong oxidant or reductant, a wide range of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes as well as nitroarenes with various functional groups could be tolerated well. A plausible mechanism is proposed based on the detailed studies, in which iron catalyst initiates the radical process and the solvent plays a key role as O-atom acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Xiong
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yuanqi Dong
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Bin Xu
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Rong Zeng
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, P. R. China
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164
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Wu QX, Shu T, Fang WY, Qin HL. Discovery of KOH+BrCH2SO2F as a Water‐Removable System for the Clean, Mild and Robust Synthesis of Amides and Peptides. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Xin Wu
- Wuhan University of Technology School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences Wuhan CHINA
| | - Tao Shu
- Wuhan University of Technology School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences Wuhan CHINA
| | - Wan-Yin Fang
- Wuhan University of Technology School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences Wuhan CHINA
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- Wuhan University of Technology Chemistry 205 Luoshi Road 430070 Wuhan CHINA
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165
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N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide. MOLBANK 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/m1395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new techniques for the preparation of organic compounds is important, with catalytic processes being key to this innovation. The development of copper-based metal-organic frameworks to promote oxidative couplings has allowed the synthesis of amides in a very effective manner. This methodology has been successfully applied to the unique preparation of the bioactive compound N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide, with excellent performance (>99% conversion and 95% yield of pure isolated product) on a preparative scale. The described procedure can be classified as an excellent synthesis (EcoScale) considering environmental and economic factors based on different “green metrics” (atom economy, reaction mass efficiency, materials recovery factor, stoichiometric factor, E-factor).
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166
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Kuai CS, Xu JX, Chen B, Wu XF. Palladium-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereoselective Hydroaminocarbonylation of Unsymmetrical Internal Alkynes toward α,β-Unsaturated Amides. Org Lett 2022; 24:4464-4469. [PMID: 35694976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
α,β-Unsaturated amides play a vital role in natural products, pharmaceuticals, organic synthesis, and functional materials. Herein, we disclosed a regio- and stereoselective hydroaminocarbonylation of unsymmetrical internal alkynes via palladium catalysis to synthesize α,β-unsaturated amides. This protocol features excellent regio- and exclusive (E)-stereoselectivity, high atom and step-economy, broad substrate scope, and functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Sheng Kuai
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023 Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian-Xing Xu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023 Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023 Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023 Dalian, Liaoning, China.,Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V., Albert-Einstein-Straβe 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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167
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Toupalas G, Thomann G, Schlemper L, Rivero-Crespo MA, Schmitt HL, Morandi B. Pd-Catalyzed Direct Deoxygenative Arylation of Non-π-Extended Benzyl Alcohols with Boronic Acids via Transient Formation of Non-Innocent Isoureas. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Toupalas
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH ZurichRINGGOLD, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gianin Thomann
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH ZurichRINGGOLD, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Schlemper
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH ZurichRINGGOLD, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miguel A. Rivero-Crespo
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH ZurichRINGGOLD, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hendrik L. Schmitt
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH ZurichRINGGOLD, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bill Morandi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH ZurichRINGGOLD, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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168
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Shimazumi R, Tanimoto R, Kodama T, Tobisu M. Palladium-Catalyzed Unimolecular Fragment Coupling of N-Allylamides via Elimination of Isocyanate. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11033-11043. [PMID: 35695391 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed unimolecular fragment coupling (UFC) is defined as processes that forge new chemical bonds through the extrusion of molecules, such as CO and CO2, and the subsequent recombination of the remaining fragments. Herein, we report on a new UFC reaction that involves the palladium-catalyzed elimination of an isocyanate fragment from an amide, with the formation of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. An organometallic intermediate that is relevant to the catalytic reaction was characterized by X-ray crystallography. This UFC reaction enables the late-stage transformation of an amide functionality, allowing amides to be used as a convertible directing or protecting group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Shimazumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Riku Tanimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuya Kodama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tobisu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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169
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Nambiar AK, Breen CP, Hart T, Kulesza T, Jamison TF, Jensen KF. Bayesian Optimization of Computer-Proposed Multistep Synthetic Routes on an Automated Robotic Flow Platform. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:825-836. [PMID: 35756374 PMCID: PMC9228554 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Computer-aided synthesis planning (CASP) tools can propose retrosynthetic pathways and forward reaction conditions for the synthesis of organic compounds, but the limited availability of context-specific data currently necessitates experimental development to fully specify process details. We plan and optimize a CASP-proposed and human-refined multistep synthesis route toward an exemplary small molecule, sonidegib, on a modular, robotic flow synthesis platform with integrated process analytical technology (PAT) for data-rich experimentation. Human insights address catalyst deactivation and improve yield by strategic choices of order of addition. Multi-objective Bayesian optimization identifies optimal values for categorical and continuous process variables in the multistep route involving 3 reactions (including heterogeneous hydrogenation) and 1 separation. The platform's modularity, robotic reconfigurability, and flexibility for convergent synthesis are shown to be essential for allowing variation of downstream residence time in multistep flow processes and controlling the order of addition to minimize undesired reactivity. Overall, the work demonstrates how automation, machine learning, and robotics enhance manual experimentation through assistance with idea generation, experimental design, execution, and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh
M. K. Nambiar
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology,77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher P. Breen
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology,77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Travis Hart
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology,77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy Kulesza
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology,77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy F. Jamison
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology,77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology,77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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170
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Singh J, Whitaker D, Thoma B, Islam S, Foden CS, Aliev AE, Sheppard TD, Powner MW. Prebiotic Catalytic Peptide Ligation Yields Proteinogenic Peptides by Intramolecular Amide Catalyzed Hydrolysis Facilitating Regioselective Lysine Ligation in Neutral Water. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10151-10155. [PMID: 35640067 PMCID: PMC9204760 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The prebiotic origin
of catalyst-controlled peptide synthesis is
fundamental to understanding the emergence of life. Building on our
recent discovery that thiols catalyze the ligation of amino acids,
amides, and peptides with amidonitriles in neutral water, we demonstrate
the outcome of ligation depends on pH and that high pKa primary thiols are the ideal catalysts. While the most
rapid thiol catalyzed peptide ligation occurs at pH 8.5–9,
the most selective peptide ligation, that tolerates all proteinogenic
side chains, occurs at pH 7. We have also identified the highly selective
mechanism by which the intermediate peptidyl amidines undergo hydrolysis
to α-peptides while demonstrating that the hydrolysis of amidines
with nonproteinogenic structures, such as β- and γ-peptides,
displays poor selectivity. Notably, this discovery enables the highly
α-selective protecting-group-free ligation of lysine peptides
at neutral pH while leaving the functional ε-amine side chain
intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Whitaker
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Thoma
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Saidul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, King's College London, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, United Kingdom
| | - Callum S Foden
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Abil E Aliev
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Tom D Sheppard
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew W Powner
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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171
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George N, Jawaid Akhtar M, Al Balushi KA, Alam Khan S. Rational drug design strategies for the development of promising multi-target directed indole hybrids as Anti-Alzheimer agents. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:105941. [PMID: 35714473 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological disorder that leads to dementia i.e., progressive memory loss accompanied with worsening of thinking ability of an individual. The cause of AD is not fully understood but it progresses with age where brain cells gradually die over time. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), currently 50 million people worldwide are affected by dementia and 60-70% of the cases belong to AD. Cumulative research over the past few decades have shown that molecules that act at a single target possess limited efficacy since these investigational drugs are not able to act against complex pathologies and thus do not provide permanent cure. Designing of multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) appears to be more beneficial and a rational approach to treat chronic complex diseases including neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, MTDLs are being extensively researched by the medicinal chemists for the development of drugs for the treatment of various multifactorial diseases. Indole is one of the privileged scaffolds which is considered as an essential mediator between the gut-brain axis because of its neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, β-amyloid anti-aggregation and antioxidant activities. Herein, we have reviewed the potential of some indole-hybrids acting at multiple targets in the pathogenesis of AD. We have reviewed research articles from the year 2014-2021 from various scientific databases and highlighted the synthetic strategies, mechanisms of neuroprotection, toxicity, structure activity relationships and molecular docking studies of various indole-hybrid derivatives. This literature review of published data on indole derivatives indicated that developing indole hybrids have improved the pharmacokinetic profile with lower toxicity, provided synergistic effect, helped to develop more potent compounds and prevented drug-drug interactions. It is evident that this class of compounds have potential to inhibit multiple enzymes targets involved in the pathogenesis of AD and therefore indole hybrids as MTDLs may play an important role in the development of anti-AD molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namy George
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, PO Box 620, PC 130, Muscat, Oman
| | - Md Jawaid Akhtar
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, PO Box 620, PC 130, Muscat, Oman
| | - Khalid A Al Balushi
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, PO Box 620, PC 130, Muscat, Oman
| | - Shah Alam Khan
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, PO Box 620, PC 130, Muscat, Oman.
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172
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Thimmegowda NR, Rangappa KS, Jagadeesha GS, Mantelingu K. Microwave-Assisted, Metal-Free, Chemoselective N-Formylation of Amines using 2-Formyl-3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium Iodide and In Situ Synthesis of Benzimidazole and Isocyanides. SYNOPEN 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1737605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAn efficient, environmentally benign, chemoselective, microwave-assisted N-formylation protocol of aromatic, aliphatic, alicyclic, benzylic amines, inactivated aromatic amines and sterically demanding heterocyclic amines using 2-formyl-1,3-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium iodide has been developed. This affords a series of N-substituted formamides with good to excellent yields (23 examples, 53–96% yield) and can be readily scaled. The methodology can be further extended to synthesize benzimidazole and isocyanide derivatives.
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173
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Magano J. Large-Scale Amidations in Process Chemistry: Practical Considerations for Reagent Selection and Reaction Execution. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Magano
- Chemical Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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174
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Missioui M, Guerrab W, Nchioua I, El Moutaouakil Ala Allah A, Kalonji Mubengayi C, Alsubari A, Mague JT, Ramli Y. Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 2-chloro- N-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetamide. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2022; 78:687-690. [PMID: 35855360 PMCID: PMC9260361 DOI: 10.1107/s205698902200576x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title molecule, C9H10ClNO2, the methoxy group lies very close to the plane of the phenyl ring while the acetamido group is twisted out of this plane by 28.87 (5)°. In the crystal, a three-dimensional structure is generated by N—H...O, C—H...O and C—H...Cl hydrogen bonds plus C—H...π(ring) interactions. A Hirshfeld surface analysis of the intermolecular interactions was performed and indicated that C...H/H...C interactions make the largest contribution to the surface area (33.4%).
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175
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Wang S, Gao Y, Song S, Li X, Zhang Z, Xiang J, Zheng L. Lewis base catalyzed allylation reaction of N-aryl amides with Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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176
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Muramatsu W, Yamamoto H. An economical approach for peptide synthesis via regioselective C-N bond cleavage of lactams. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6309-6315. [PMID: 35733900 PMCID: PMC9159104 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01466a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An economical, solvent-free, and metal-free method for peptide synthesis via C-N bond cleavage using lactams has been developed. The method not only eliminates the need for condensation agents and their auxiliaries, which are essential for conventional peptide synthesis, but also exhibits high atom economy. The reaction is versatile because it can tolerate side chains bearing a range of functional groups, affording up to >99% yields of the corresponding peptides without racemisation or polymerisation. Moreover, the developed strategy enables peptide segment coupling, providing access to a hexapeptide that occurs as a repeat sequence in spider silk proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Muramatsu
- Peptide Research Center, Chubu University 1200 Matsumoto-cho Kasugai Aichi 487-8501 Japan
| | - Hisashi Yamamoto
- Peptide Research Center, Chubu University 1200 Matsumoto-cho Kasugai Aichi 487-8501 Japan
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177
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Strekalova S, Kononov A, Budnikova Y. Amino Acids in Electrochemical Metal-Free Benzylic C-H Amidation. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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178
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Dhara HN, Rakshit A, Alam T, Patel BK. Metal-catalyzed reactions of organic nitriles and boronic acids to access diverse functionality. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4243-4277. [PMID: 35552581 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00288d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The nitrile or cyano (-CN) group is one of the most appreciated and effective functional groups in organic synthesis, having a polar unsaturated C-N triple bond. Despite sufficient stability and being intrinsically inert, the nitrile group can be easily transformed into many other functional groups, such as amines, carboxylic acids, ketones, etc. which makes it a vital group in organic synthesis. On the other hand, despite several boronic acids having a low level of genotoxicity, they have found wide applicability in the field of organic synthesis, especially in transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Recently, transition-metal-catalyzed cascade additions or addition/cyclization processes of boronic acids to the nitrile group open up exciting and useful strategies to prepare a variety of functional molecules through the formation of C-C, C-N and CO bonds. Boronic acids can be added to the cyano functionality through catalytic carbometallation or through a radical cascade process to provide newer pathways for the rapid construction of various important acyclic ketones or amides, carbamidines, carbocycles and N,O-heterocycles. The present review focuses on various transition-metal-catalyzed additions of boronic acids via carbometallation or radical cascade processes using the cyano group as an acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirendra Nath Dhara
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
| | - Amitava Rakshit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
| | - Tipu Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
| | - Bhisma K Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
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179
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Zhang L, Chen B, He P, Li G, Zhang LC, Gao S. Polyoxometalate Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Ritter Reaction for Efficient Synthesis of Amides. Synlett 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1854-9958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of polyoxometalate-ionic liquid catalysts that combine the features of polyoxometalate and ionic liquid with the introduce of acidity and miscibility have been developed to promote the Ritter reaction. Among them, [BSmim]CuPW12O40 displays the highest activity for the amidation of a variety of alcohols with nitriles, delivering the corresponding amide products in good to excellent yields. Furthermore, it can be easily scaled up to the gram scale without losing efficiency. Hence, this process provides an appealing way to prepare amides from the Ritter reaction by using polyoxometalate-ionic liquid based catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Peipei He
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Guosong Li
- Organic Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,CAS,, Dalian, China
| | - Lan-Cui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Organic Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,CAS, Dalian, China
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180
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Wu M, Huang S, Hou H, Lin J, Lin M, Zhou S, Zheng Z, Sun W, Ke F. DIPEA-induced activation of OH - for the synthesis of amides via photocatalysis. RSC Adv 2022; 12:14724-14728. [PMID: 35702194 PMCID: PMC9109258 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02107b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of green protocols for photocatalysis where water acts as a nucleophile, induced by a weak organic base, is difficult to achieve in organic chemistry. Herein, an efficient light-mediated strategy for the synthesis of amides in which a weak organic base acts as a reductant to induce the formation of OH– from water under metal-free conditions is reported. A mechanistic study reveals that the generation of an N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) radical via single electron transfer (SET), with the assistance of photocatalyst, that increases the nucleophilicity of the water molecules with respect to the cyanides is essential. Moreover, the removal rate of nitrile in wastewater can be as high as 83%, indicating that this strategy has excellent potential for nitrile degradation. Under weak organic base condition DIPEA as a reductant to increase the nucleophilicity of H2O an excellent potential system for nitrile degradation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wu
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350122 China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350122 China
| | - Huiqing Hou
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350122 China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of VIP Dental Service, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Mei Lin
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350122 China
| | - Sunying Zhou
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350122 China
| | - Zhiqiang Zheng
- Department of VIP Dental Service, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Weiming Sun
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350122 China
| | - Fang Ke
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350122 China
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181
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Sun H, Schanze KS. Functionalization of Water-Soluble Conjugated Polymers for Bioapplications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:20506-20519. [PMID: 35473368 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble conjugated polymers (WS-CPs) have found widespread use in bioapplications ranging from in vitro optical sensing to in vivo phototherapy. Modification of WS-CPs with specific molecular functional units is necessary to enable them to interact with biological targets. These targets include proteins, nucleic acids, antibodies, cells, and intracellular components. WS-CPs have been modified with covalently linked sugars, peptides, nucleic acids, biotin, proteins, and other biorecognition elements. The objective of this article is to comprehensively review the various synthetic chemistries that have been used to covalently link biofunctional groups onto WS-CP platforms. These chemistries include amidation, nucleophilic substitution, Click reactions, and conjugate addition. Different types of WS-CP backbones have been used as platforms including poly(fluorene), poly(phenylene ethynylene), polythiophene, poly(phenylenevinylene), and others. Example applications of biofunctionalized WS-CPs are also reviewed. These include examples of protein sensing, flow cytometry labeling, and cancer therapy. The major challenges and future development of functionalized conjugated polymers are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Kirk S Schanze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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182
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Lainer T, Czerny F, Haas M. Solvent-free amide bond formation using a variety of methoxysilanes as coupling agent. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3717-3720. [PMID: 35441639 PMCID: PMC9092949 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00589a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A solvent-free procedure for the formation of amides without exclusion of air and moisture is described. Using tetramethoxysilane 1, hexamethoxydisilane 2 and dodecamethoxy-neopentasilane 3 as coupling agent carboxylic acids and amines are reacted to form amides in good to excellent yields. The formation of these amides was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Remarkably, neopentasilane 3 exceeds the performance of the currently used monosilanes as coupling agent in terms of group tolerance and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lainer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Frank Czerny
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Haas
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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183
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Graham JC, Trejo-Martin A, Chilton ML, Kostal J, Bercu J, Beutner GL, Bruen US, Dolan DG, Gomez S, Hillegass J, Nicolette J, Schmitz M. An Evaluation of the Occupational Health Hazards of Peptide Couplers. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1011-1022. [PMID: 35532537 PMCID: PMC9214767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Peptide couplers (also known as amide bond-forming reagents or coupling reagents) are broadly used in organic chemical syntheses, especially in the pharmaceutical industry. Yet, occupational health hazards associated with this chemical class are largely unexplored, which is disconcerting given the intrinsic reactivity of these compounds. Several case studies involving occupational exposures reported adverse respiratory and dermal health effects, providing initial evidence of chemical sensitization. To address the paucity of toxicological data, a pharmaceutical cross-industry task force was formed to evaluate and assess the potential of these compounds to cause eye and dermal irritation as well as corrosivity and dermal sensitization. The goal of our work was to inform health and safety professionals as well as pharmaceutical and organic chemists of the occupational health hazards associated with this chemical class. To that end, 25 of the most commonly used peptide couplers and five hydrolysis products were selected for in vivo, in vitro, and in silico testing. Our findings confirmed that dermal sensitization is a concern for this chemical class with 21/25 peptide couplers testing positive for dermal sensitization and 15 of these being strong/extreme sensitizers. We also found that dermal corrosion and irritation (8/25) as well as eye irritation (9/25) were health hazards associated with peptide couplers and their hydrolysis products (4/5 were dermal irritants or corrosive and 4/5 were eye irritants). Resulting outcomes were synthesized to inform decision making in peptide coupler selection and enable data-driven hazard communication to workers. The latter includes harmonized hazard classifications, appropriate handling recommendations, and accurate safety data sheets, which support the industrial hygiene hierarchy of control strategies and risk assessment. Our study demonstrates the merits of an integrated, in vivo -in silico analysis, applied here to the skin sensitization endpoint using the Computer-Aided Discovery and REdesign (CADRE) and Derek Nexus programs. We show that experimental data can improve predictive models by filling existing data gaps while, concurrently, providing computational insights into key initiating events and elucidating the chemical structural features contributing to adverse health effects. This interactive, interdisciplinary approach is consistent with Green Chemistry principles that seek to improve the selection and design of less hazardous reagents in industrial processes and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Graham
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Martyn L Chilton
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds LS11 5PS, UK
| | - Jakub Kostal
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Joel Bercu
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Gregory L Beutner
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Uma S Bruen
- Organon, Inc., 30 Hudson Street, Jersey City, New Jersey 07302, United States
| | - David G Dolan
- Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
| | - Stephen Gomez
- Theravance Biopharma US, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jedd Hillegass
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - John Nicolette
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Matthew Schmitz
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 35 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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184
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Hoque ME, Bisht R, Unnikrishnan A, Dey S, Mahamudul Hassan MM, Guria S, Rai RN, Sunoj RB, Chattopadhyay B. Iridium‐Catalyzed Ligand‐Controlled Remote
para
‐Selective C−H Activation and Borylation of Twisted Aromatic Amides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Emdadul Hoque
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014, U.P. India
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Ranjana Bisht
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014, U.P. India
| | - Anju Unnikrishnan
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Sayan Dey
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014, U.P. India
| | - Mirja Md Mahamudul Hassan
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014, U.P. India
| | - Saikat Guria
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014, U.P. India
| | - Rama Nand Rai
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Raghavan B. Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014, U.P. India
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185
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Boda A, Sahu P, Singha Deb A, Ali S. DFT, MD simulations and experimental analysis of adsorptive complexation and isotope separation of gadolinium ion with macrocyclic crown ether embedded polymeric resin. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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186
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Bajada MA, Sanjosé-Orduna J, Di Liberto G, Tosoni S, Pacchioni G, Noël T, Vilé G. Interfacing single-atom catalysis with continuous-flow organic electrosynthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3898-3925. [PMID: 35481480 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00100d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The global warming crisis has sparked a series of environmentally cautious trends in chemistry, allowing us to rethink the way we conduct our synthesis, and to incorporate more earth-abundant materials in our catalyst design. "Single-atom catalysis" has recently appeared on the catalytic spectrum, and has truly merged the benefits that homogeneous and heterogeneous analogues have to offer. Further still, the possibility to activate these catalysts by means of a suitable electric potential could pave the way for a true integration of diverse synthetic methodologies and renewable electricity. Despite their esteemed benefits, single-atom electrocatalysts are still limited to the energy sector (hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction, etc.) and numerous examples in the literature still invoke the use of precious metals (Pd, Pt, Ir, etc.). Additionally, batch electroreactors are employed, which limit the intensification of such processes. It is of paramount importance that the field continues to grow in a more sustainable direction, seeking new ventures into the space of organic electrosynthesis and flow electroreactor technologies. In this piece, we discuss some of the progress being made with earth abundant homogeneous and heterogeneous electrocatalysts and flow electrochemistry, within the context of organic electrosynthesis, and highlight the prospects of alternatively utilizing single-atom catalysts for such applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Bajada
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Jesús Sanjosé-Orduna
- Flow Chemistry Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Di Liberto
- Department of Materials Science, Università di Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Sergio Tosoni
- Department of Materials Science, Università di Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pacchioni
- Department of Materials Science, Università di Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow Chemistry Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gianvito Vilé
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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187
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Tandem silylation—desilylation reaction in the synthesis of N-methyl carboxamides. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3473-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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188
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Haas BC, Goetz AE, Bahamonde A, McWilliams JC, Sigman MS. Predicting relative efficiency of amide bond formation using multivariate linear regression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2118451119. [PMID: 35412905 PMCID: PMC9169781 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2118451119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amides are ubiquitous in biologically active natural products and commercial drugs. The most common strategy for introducing this functional group is the coupling of a carboxylic acid with an amine, which requires the use of a coupling reagent to facilitate elimination of water. However, the optimal reaction conditions often appear rather arbitrary to the specific reaction. Herein, we report the development of statistical models correlating measured rates to physical organic descriptors to enable the prediction of reaction rates for untested carboxylic acid/amine pairs. The key to the success of this endeavor was the development of an end-to-end data science–based workflow to select a set of coupling partners that are appropriately distributed in chemical space to facilitate statistical model development. By using a parameterization, dimensionality reduction, and clustering protocol, a training set was identified. Reaction rates for a range of carboxylic acid and primary alkyl amine couplings utilizing carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) as the coupling reagent were measured. The collected rates span five orders of magnitude, confirming that the designed training set encompasses a wide range of chemical space necessary for effective model development. Regressing these rates with high-level density functional theory (DFT) descriptors allowed for identification of a statistical model wherein the molecular features of the carboxylic acid are primarily responsible for the observed rates. Finally, out-of-sample amide couplings are used to determine the limitations and effectiveness of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany C. Haas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Adam E. Goetz
- Chemical Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340
| | - Ana Bahamonde
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - J. Christopher McWilliams
- Chemical Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340
| | - Matthew S. Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
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189
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Ban T, Vu HM, Zhang J, Yong JY, Liu Q, Li XQ. Rhodium-Catalyzed Azine-Directed C-H Amidation with N-Methoxyamides. J Org Chem 2022; 87:5543-5555. [PMID: 35417153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using N-methoxyamide reagents as an amide source, C-H amidation was realized at the ortho position of azine under the action of rhodium and boric acid. The method has mild reaction conditions, high atomic utilization, excellent yield, and wide adaptability to amidation reagents (both aromatic amides and fatty amides are applicable). Amide-substituted ketones can be obtained by a simple treatment and can be further transformed into bioactive substances. This provides a good supplement for the C-H bond amidation of aromatic rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ban
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Huu-Manh Vu
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Yuan Yong
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Liu
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Qin Li
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
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190
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Qi Z, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Zhao P, Gao L, Sun X, Zheng G. Water‐promoted Michael addition Reaction of sulfonyl hydrazides and α, β‐unsaturated propionic acids to 3‐sulfone propionic acids. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Qi
- University of Jinan School of Chemistry and CHINA
| | - Yifan Liu
- Qilu University of Technology Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design CHINA
| | - Qilong Zhang
- University of Jinan School of chemistry and chemical engineering CHINA
| | - Panfeng Zhao
- Shandong Huihai Pharmceutical and chemical CO. LTD Chemiacal CHINA
| | - Lingfeng Gao
- University of Jinan School of Chemistry and Chemical engineering No. 336 West Road of Nan Xinzhuan 250022 Jinan CHINA
| | - Xu Sun
- University of Jinan School of chemistry and Chemical engineering CHINA
| | - Gengxiu Zheng
- University of Jinan School of Chemistry and chemical engineering CHINA
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191
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Visible-light induced transition-metal and photosensitizer-free conversion of aldehydes to acyl fluorides under mild conditions. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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192
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Luo J, Zhou QQ, Montag M, Ben-David Y, Milstein D. Acceptorless dehydrogenative synthesis of primary amides from alcohols and ammonia. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3894-3901. [PMID: 35432908 PMCID: PMC8966752 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc07102e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly desirable synthesis of the widely-used primary amides directly from alcohols and ammonia via acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling represents a clean, atom-economical, sustainable process. Nevertheless, such a reaction has not been previously reported, and the existing catalytic systems instead generate other N-containing products, e.g., amines, imines and nitriles. Herein, we demonstrate an efficient and selective ruthenium-catalyzed synthesis of primary amides from alcohols and ammonia gas, accompanied by H2 liberation. Various aliphatic and aromatic primary amides were synthesized in high yields, with no observable N-containing byproducts. The selectivity of this system toward primary amide formation is rationalized through density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which show that dehydrogenation of the hemiaminal intermediate into primary amide is energetically favored over its dehydration into imine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Quan-Quan Zhou
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Michael Montag
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Yehoshoa Ben-David
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - David Milstein
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
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193
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Xu RR, Wen D, Qi X, Wu XF. Palladium-catalyzed cascade Heck-type cyclization and reductive aminocarbonylation for the synthesis of functionalized amides. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2605-2608. [PMID: 35293928 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00299j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed Heck/carbonylative cyclization process has been explored for the synthesis of functionalized amides. By using nitroarenes as readily accessible nitrogen sources, a variety of amide products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields with good functional group compatibility. Furthermore, a late-stage modification of a natural molecule is also achieved by this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Rui Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dan Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinxin Qi
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, Liaoning, China. .,Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany.
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194
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Zhao Y, Du Z, Guo B, Shen X, Li S, Wang T, Liang C. Vanadium-catalyzed Oxidative Conversion of Primary Aromatic Alcohols into Amides and Nitriles with Molecular Oxygen. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200224. [PMID: 35338755 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Amides or nitriles are important building blocks because of the widespread occurrence in chemistry and biology. The development of green and efficient catalytic approaches to introduce nitrogen functionality is highly desired. Herein a vanadium-based material V-N-C-700 was prepared via a simple and convenient method, and employed for liquid-phase catalytic ammoxidation of alcohols with molecular oxygen. By using V-N-C-700/2-picolinic acid, primary aromatic alcohols was smoothly converted into the amides and nitriles in the presence of urea. The corresponding aldehydes are the key intermediates, and 2-picolinic acid could significantly enhance oxidation of alcohols into aldehydes. The amides were formed simultaneously along with nitriles, rather than only from nitriles via successive hydration. This work further expands non-noble metal catalysts for the preparation of amides and nitriles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Zhao
- Dalian University of Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Zhongtian Du
- Dalian University of Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, 2 Dagong Road, Liaodongwan New District, 124221, Panjin, CHINA
| | - Bairui Guo
- Dalian University of Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Xiaoyu Shen
- Dalian University of Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Shaojie Li
- Dalian University of Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Taoyu Wang
- Dalian University of Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Changhai Liang
- Dalian University of Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, CHINA
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195
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Alfano AI, Lange H, Brindisi M. Amide Bonds Meet Flow Chemistry: A Journey into Methodologies and Sustainable Evolution. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102708. [PMID: 35015338 PMCID: PMC9304223 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Formation of amide bonds is of immanent importance in organic and synthetic medicinal chemistry. Its presence in "traditional" small-molecule active pharmaceutical ingredients, in linear or cyclic oligo- and polypeptidic actives, including pseudopeptides, has led to the development of dedicated synthetic approaches for the formation of amide bonds starting from, if necessary, suitably protected amino acids. While the use of solid supported reagents is common in traditional peptide synthesis, similar approaches targeting amide bond formation in continuous-flow mode took off more significantly, after a first publication in 2006, only a couple of years ago. Most efforts rely upon the transition of traditional approaches in flow mode, or the combination of solid-phase peptide synthesis principles with flow chemistry, and advantages are mainly seen in improving space-time yields. This Review summarizes and compares the various approaches in terms of basic amide formation, peptide synthesis, and pseudopeptide generation, describing the technological approaches and the advantages that were generated by the specific flow approaches. A final discussion highlights potential future needs and perspectives in terms of greener and more sustainable syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Ilenia Alfano
- SPOTS-Lab – Sustainable Pharmaceutical and Organic Technology and Synthesis LaboratoryUniversity of Naples ‘Federico II', Department of PharmacyVia Domenico Montesano 4980131NaplesItaly
| | - Heiko Lange
- University of Milano-Bicocca Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesPiazza della Scienza 120126MilanItaly
| | - Margherita Brindisi
- SPOTS-Lab – Sustainable Pharmaceutical and Organic Technology and Synthesis LaboratoryUniversity of Naples ‘Federico II', Department of PharmacyVia Domenico Montesano 4980131NaplesItaly
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196
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Taily IM, Saha D, Banerjee P. Direct Synthesis of Paracetamol via Site-Selective Electrochemical Ritter-type C-H Amination of Phenol. Org Lett 2022; 24:2310-2314. [PMID: 35312329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of paracetamol still relies on multistep protocols involving the utilization of a stoichiometric amount of oxidizing/reducing or other corrosive agents. Herein we report a regioselective electrochemical Ritter-type reaction at the C(sp2)-H of unprotected phenol toward the environmentally benign and direct synthesis of paracetamol. The reaction proceeds under exogenous oxidant- and catalyst-free conditions. The protocol is scalable, can be deployed to a variety of phenols, and offers a sustainable alternative for the synthesis of paracetamol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Maajid Taily
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Lab no. 406, S. S. Bhatnagar Block, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Debarshi Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Lab no. 406, S. S. Bhatnagar Block, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Prabal Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Lab no. 406, S. S. Bhatnagar Block, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
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197
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Partitional Behavior of Janus Dumbbell Microparticles in a Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)-Dextran (DEX) Aqueous Two-Phase System (ATPS). COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12030415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Janus particles are known to be useful to various fields such as biomolecule-probing sensors, reaction catalysts, surfactants, and so on. They have two chemically different surfaces which possess contradictory characteristics such as polarity, hydrophobicity, etc. Here, a simple fabrication of dumbbell-shaped Janus microparticles was tested by the chemical reaction of carboxyl groups and amino groups to form amide bonds. They were distributed to the interface between polyethylene glycol (PEG)-rich phase and dextran (DEX)-rich phase, while the unreacted particles having carboxyl groups located at the top PEG-rich phase and particles having amine ligands went to the bottom DEX-rich phase of an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS). The fabrication procedures, observations, and possible applications of results are discussed.
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198
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Li HC, Li GN, Sun K, Chen XL, Jiang MX, Qu LB, Yu B. Ce(III)/Photoassisted Synthesis of Amides from Carboxylic Acids and Isocyanates. Org Lett 2022; 24:2431-2435. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Cong Li
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guan-Nan Li
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Chen
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ming-Xuan Jiang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ling-Bo Qu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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199
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León Sandoval A, Doherty KE, Wadey GP, Leadbeater NE. Solvent- and additive-free oxidative amidation of aldehydes using a recyclable oxoammonium salt. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2249-2254. [PMID: 35230379 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00307d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A range of acyl azoles have been prepared from aromatic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic aldehydes by means of an oxidative amidation reaction. The methodology employs a substoichiometric quantity of an oxoammonium salt as the oxidant. It avoids the need for additives such as a base, is run solvent-free, and the oxoammonium salt is recyclable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo León Sandoval
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.
| | - Katrina E Doherty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.
| | - Geoffrey P Wadey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.
| | - Nicholas E Leadbeater
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.
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200
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Mowat J, Ehrmann AHM, Christian S, Sperl C, Menz S, Günther J, Hillig RC, Bauser M, Schwede W. Identification of the Highly Active, Species Cross-Reactive Complex I Inhibitor BAY-179. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:348-357. [PMID: 35300083 PMCID: PMC8919281 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key regulators of energy supply and cell death. Generation of ATP within mitochondria occurs through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), a process which utilizes the four complexes (complex I-IV) of the electron transport chain and ATP synthase. Certain oncogenic mutations (e.g., LKB1 or mIDH) can further enhance the reliance of cancer cells on OXPHOS for their energetic requirements, rendering cells sensitive to complex I inhibition and highlighting the potential value of complex I as a therapeutic target. Herein, we describe the discovery of a potent, selective, and species cross-reactive complex I inhibitor. A high-throughput screen of the Bayer compound library followed by hit triaging and initial hit-to-lead activities led to a lead structure which was further optimized in a comprehensive lead optimization campaign. Focusing on balancing potency and metabolic stability, this program resulted in the identification of BAY-179, an excellent in vivo suitable tool with which to probe the biological relevance of complex I inhibition in cancer indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Mowat
- Pharmaceuticals R&D, Bayer AG, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Carolyn Sperl
- Pharmaceuticals R&D, Bayer AG, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Menz
- Pharmaceuticals R&D, Bayer AG, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Marcus Bauser
- Pharmaceuticals R&D, Bayer AG, 13342 Berlin, Germany
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