151
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Pahovnik D, Čusak A, Reven S, Žagar E. Synthesis of poly(ester-amide) dendrimers based on 2,2-Bis
(hydroxymethyl) propanoic acid and glycine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Pahovnik
- National Institute of Chemistry; Laboratory for Polymer Chemistry and Technology; Hajdrihova 19 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Anja Čusak
- EN-FIST Center of Excellence; Dunajska cesta 156 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Sebastjan Reven
- Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d.; Sandoz Development Center Slovenia; Verovškova 57 SI-1526 Ljubljana
| | - Ema Žagar
- National Institute of Chemistry; Laboratory for Polymer Chemistry and Technology; Hajdrihova 19 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
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152
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van Dongen M, Dougherty CA, Banaszak Holl MM. Multivalent polymers for drug delivery and imaging: the challenges of conjugation. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:3215-34. [PMID: 25120091 PMCID: PMC4157765 DOI: 10.1021/bm500921q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multivalent polymers offer a powerful opportunity to develop theranostic materials on the size scale of proteins that can provide targeting, imaging, and therapeutic functionality. Achieving this goal requires the presence of multiple targeting molecules, dyes, and/or drugs on the polymer scaffold. This critical review examines the synthetic, analytical, and functional challenges associated with the heterogeneity introduced by conjugation reactions as well as polymer scaffold design. First, approaches to making multivalent polymer conjugations are discussed followed by an analysis of materials that have shown particular promise biologically. Challenges in characterizing the mixed ligand distributions and the impact of these distributions on biological applications are then discussed. Where possible, molecular-level interpretations are provided for the structures that give rise to the functional ligand and molecular weight distributions present in the polymer scaffolds. Lastly, recent strategies employed for overcoming or minimizing the presence of ligand distributions are discussed. This review focuses on multivalent polymer scaffolds where average stoichiometry and/or the distribution of products have been characterized by at least one experimental technique. Key illustrative examples are provided for scaffolds that have been carried forward to in vitro and in vivo testing with significant biological results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory
A. van Dongen
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103, United States
| | - Casey A. Dougherty
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103, United States
| | - Mark M. Banaszak Holl
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103, United States
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153
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Liu J, Stansbury JW. RAFT-mediated control of nanogel structure and reactivity: chemical, physical and mechanical properties of monomer-dispersed nanogel compositions. Dent Mater 2014; 30:1252-62. [PMID: 25205366 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.08.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines how nanogel structure correlates with photopolymerization and key polymer properties upon addition of nanogels with latent reactivity into a monomer dispersant to produce polymer/polymer composites. METHODS Two nanogels that retained RAFT functionality based on the synthetic approach were prepared to have different branching densities. These reactive nanogels were dispersed in triethylene glycol dimethacrylate at 0-40 wt%. Reaction kinetics, volumetric shrinkage and shrinkage stress associated with the photopolymerization of nanogel-modified formulations were measured in real time with mechanical properties of the polymers also evaluated. The basic structure of RAFT-derived nanogel particles was examined by the preparation of a separate nanogel constructed with degradable disulfide crosslinking groups. The model nanogel molecular weight and polydispersity were compared before and after degradation. RESULTS Despite the controlled radical synthetic approach, the nanogels, which are composed of multiple interconnected, short primary chains, presented relatively high polydispersity. Through addition of the reactive nanogels to a monomer that both infiltrates and disperses the nanogels, the photopolymerization rate was moderately reduced with the increase of nanogel loading levels. Volumetric shrinkage decreased proportionally with nanogel concentration; however, a greater than proportional reduction of polymerization-induced stress was observed. Mechanical properties, such as flexural strength, storage modulus were maintained at the same levels as the control resin for nanogel systems up to 40 wt%. SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrated that beyond the use of RAFT functionality to produce discrete nano-polymeric structures, the residual chain end groups are important to maintain reactivity and mechanical properties of nanogel-modified resin materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- JianCheng Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Stansbury
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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154
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155
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Wu W, Xu Z, Xiang W, Li Z. Using an orthogonal approach and one-pot method to simplify the synthesis of nonlinear optical (NLO) dendrimers. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01058b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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156
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Chatani S, Podgórski M, Wang C, Bowman CN. Facile and Efficient Synthesis of Dendrimers and One-Pot Preparation of Dendritic–Linear Polymer Conjugates via a Single Chemistry: Utilization of Kinetically Selective Thiol–Michael Addition Reactions. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501418r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Chatani
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, UCB 596, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Maciej Podgórski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Polymer Chemistry, MCS University, pl.
Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej 5, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Chen Wang
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, UCB 596, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Christopher N. Bowman
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, UCB 596, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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157
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Galán M, Fuentes-Paniagua E, de la Mata FJ, Gómez R. Heterofunctionalized Carbosilane Dendritic Systems: Bifunctionalized Dendrons as Building Blocks versus Statistically Decorated Dendrimers. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500464k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Galán
- Departamento de
Quı́mica
Orgánica y Quı́mica Inorgánica and Networking
Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Elena Fuentes-Paniagua
- Departamento de
Quı́mica
Orgánica y Quı́mica Inorgánica and Networking
Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - F. Javier de la Mata
- Departamento de
Quı́mica
Orgánica y Quı́mica Inorgánica and Networking
Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Departamento de
Quı́mica
Orgánica y Quı́mica Inorgánica and Networking
Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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158
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Deng XX, Du FS, Li ZC. Combination of Orthogonal ABB and ABC Multicomponent Reactions toward Efficient Divergent Synthesis of Dendrimers with Structural Diversity. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:667-670. [PMID: 35590765 DOI: 10.1021/mz500207z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of dendrimers has been directed toward process efficiency and structural diversity. We report a divergent approach to the preparation of dendrimers with both ABC and ABB branching structures from nonbranching monomers by combination of efficient orthogonal ABC Passerini multicomponent reaction (MCR) and ABB thiol-yne MCR. Two kinds of dendrimers were synthesized efficiently: (1) dendrimers with two generations in three steps and (2) dendrimers with two generations containing one kind of internal functional group and two kinds of surface functional groups in five steps. This new synthetic method offers an efficient access to dendrimers with structural diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xing Deng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zi-Chen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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159
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Bucoş M, Sierra T, Golemme A, Termine R, Barberá J, Giménez R, Serrano JL, Romero P, Marcos M. Multifunctional Supramolecular Dendrimers with ans-Triazine Ring as the Central Core: Liquid Crystalline, Fluorescence and Photoconductive Properties. Chemistry 2014; 20:10027-37. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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160
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Porsch C, Zhang Y, Ducani C, Vilaplana F, Nordstierna L, Nyström AM, Malmström E. Toward Unimolecular Micelles with Tunable Dimensions Using Hyperbranched Dendritic-Linear Polymers. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:2235-45. [DOI: 10.1021/bm5003637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Porsch
- School
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fibre and Polymer
Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yuning Zhang
- IMM Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cosimo Ducani
- Swedish
Medical Nanoscience Center, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francisco Vilaplana
- School
of Biotechnology, Division of Glycoscience, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg
Wood Science Centre (WWSC), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Nordstierna
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Applied Surface Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Andreas M. Nyström
- IMM Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Malmström
- School
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fibre and Polymer
Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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161
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Abstract
In this article, we reviewed the interactions between dendrimers and surfactants with particular focus on the interaction mechanisms and physicochemical properties of the yielding dendrimer-surfactant aggregates. In order to provide insight into the behavior of dendrimers in biological systems, the interactions of dendrimers with bio-surfactants such as phospholipids in bulk solutions, in solid-supported bilayers and at the interface of phases or solid-states were discussed. Applications of the dendrimer-surfactant aggregates as templates to guide the synthesis of nanoparticles and in drug or gene delivery were also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China.
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162
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Wu W, Li Z. Further improvement of the macroscopic NLO coefficient and optical transparency of hyperbranched polymers by enhancing the degree of branching. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00419a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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163
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Gopalakrishna Panicker RK, Krishnapillai S. Synthesis of on resin poly(propylene imine) dendrimer and its use as organocatalyst. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.02.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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164
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Wang L, Kiemle DJ, Boyle CJ, Connors EL, Gitsov I. “Click” Synthesis of Intrinsically Hydrophilic Dendrons and Dendrimers Containing Metal Binding Moieties at Each Branching Unit. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500126f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Department of Chemistry and ‡The Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, State University of New York-ESF, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - David J. Kiemle
- Department of Chemistry and ‡The Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, State University of New York-ESF, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Connor J. Boyle
- Department of Chemistry and ‡The Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, State University of New York-ESF, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Eoghan L. Connors
- Department of Chemistry and ‡The Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, State University of New York-ESF, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Ivan Gitsov
- Department of Chemistry and ‡The Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, State University of New York-ESF, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
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165
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166
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Carlmark A, Malmström E, Malkoch M. Dendritic architectures based on bis-MPA: functional polymeric scaffolds for application-driven research. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 42:5858-79. [PMID: 23628841 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60101c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic polymers are highly branched, globular architectures with multiple representations of functional groups. These nanoscale organic frameworks continue to fascinate researchers worldwide and are today under intensive investigation in application-driven research. A large number of potential application areas have been suggested for dendritic polymers, including theranostics, biosensors, optics, adhesives and coatings. The transition from potential to real applications is strongly dictated by their commercial accessibility, scaffolding ability as well as biocompatibility. A dendritic family that fulfills these requirements is based on the 2,2-bismethylolpropionic acid (bis-MPA) monomer. This critical review is the first of its kind to cover most of the research activities generated on aliphatic polyester dendritic architectures based on bis-MPA. It is apparent that these scaffolds will continue to be in the forefront of cutting-edge research as their structural variations are endless including dendrons, dendrimers, hyperbranched polymers, dendritic-linear hybrids and their hybridization with inorganic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carlmark
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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167
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168
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Kottari N, Chabre YM, Shiao TC, Rej R, Roy R. Efficient and accelerated growth of multifunctional dendrimers using orthogonal thiol–ene and SN2 reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:1983-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46633g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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169
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Murugavel K. Benzylic viologen dendrimers: a review of their synthesis, properties and applications. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00718b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers containing benzylic viologen branching units, their guest complexation, photophysical and biological applications has been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathiresan Murugavel
- ElectroOrganic Division
- CSIR-CECRI Central Electro Chemical Research Institute
- Karaikkudi-630006, India
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170
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Sharma R, Naresh K, Chabre YM, Rej R, Saadeh NK, Roy R. “Onion peel” dendrimers: a straightforward synthetic approach towards highly diversified architectures. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00218k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We report herein a novel “onion peel strategy” for the divergent construction of glycodendrimers using different building blocks at each layer of the dendritic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Sharma
- Pharmaqam and Nanoqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal, Canada
| | - Kottari Naresh
- Pharmaqam and Nanoqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal, Canada
| | - Yoann M. Chabre
- Pharmaqam and Nanoqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal, Canada
| | - Rabindra Rej
- Pharmaqam and Nanoqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal, Canada
| | | | - René Roy
- Pharmaqam and Nanoqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal, Canada
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171
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Wang X, Yang Y, Gao P, Li D, Yang F, Shen H, Guo H, Xu F, Wu D. POSS dendrimers constructed from a 1 → 7 branching monomer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:6126-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc01859a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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172
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Enciso AE, Abid ZM, Simanek EE. Rapid, semi-automated convergent synthesis of low generation triazine dendrimers using microwave assisted reactions. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00349g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microwave assisted synthesis allows for the rapid access of low generation triazine dendrimers in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan E. Enciso
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas Christian University
- Fort Worth, USA
| | - Zachary M. Abid
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas Christian University
- Fort Worth, USA
| | - Eric E. Simanek
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas Christian University
- Fort Worth, USA
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173
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Olsson JV, Hult D, Cai Y, García-Gallego S, Malkoch M. Reactive imidazole intermediates: simplified synthetic approach to functional aliphatic cyclic carbonates. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00911h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactive imidazole intermediates based on AB2 and A3 monomers, i.e. bis(methylol) propionic acid (bis-MPA) and trimethylolpropane (TMP) have successfully been synthesized and isolated on a 100 gram scale via a facile synthetic protocol using 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) as a key reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan V. Olsson
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology
- SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Hult
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology
- SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yanling Cai
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology
- SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sandra García-Gallego
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology
- SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Malkoch
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology
- SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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174
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Auty SER, Andrén O, Malkoch M, Rannard SP. The first peripherally masked thiol dendrimers: a facile and highly efficient functionalization strategy of polyester dendrimers via one-pot xanthate deprotection/thiol–acrylate Michael addition reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:6574-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc49704f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present the first xanthate surface functional dendrimers which undergo rapid one-pot deprotection to thiols and subsequent acrylate Michael addition .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam E R Auty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK.
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175
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Monaco ON, Tomas SC, Kirrane MK, Balija AM. Bis(benzylamine) monomers: One-pot preparation and application in dendrimer scaffolds for removing pyrene from aqueous environments. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:2320-7. [PMID: 24367395 PMCID: PMC3869215 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisimine and bisamine AB2 monomers have been synthesized from 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid and benzaldehyde derivatives without the need for protective groups or purification. This monomer preparation is universal for various electron-donating and electron-withdrawing benzaldehyde substrates. To demonstrate the versatility of these previously unreported AB2 monomers in the formation of high molecular weight structures, novel first-generation dendrimers and hybrid second-generation dendrimers have been synthesized. Using fluorescence spectroscopy, pyrene was shown to be removed from an aqueous environment upon exposure to thin dendrimer films, with the first-generation dendrimer removing 70% of the pyrene within 30 min and the hybrid second-generation dendrimers removing 38–52%. Inclusion formation constants were calculated to be on the order of 109–1011 M−1 and are comparable to the values of previously reported macromolecules. These results illustrate that size may not influence pyrene removal as effectively as composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia N Monaco
- Department of Chemistry, Fordham University, 441 E. Fordham Road, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
| | - Sarah C Tomas
- Department of Chemistry, Fordham University, 441 E. Fordham Road, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
| | - Meghan K Kirrane
- Department of Chemistry, Fordham University, 441 E. Fordham Road, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
| | - Amy M Balija
- Department of Chemistry, Fordham University, 441 E. Fordham Road, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
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176
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Vinš P, Vermachová M, Drašar P, del Barrio M, Jarne C, Cebolla VL, de Cózar A, Zangi R, Cossío FP. Size and branching effects on the fluorescence of benzylic dendrimers possessing one apigenin fluorophore at the core. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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177
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Olofsson K, Andrén OCJ, Malkoch M. Recent advances on crosslinked dendritic networks. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Olofsson
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering; Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology; Teknikringen. 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Oliver C. J. Andrén
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering; Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology; Teknikringen. 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Michael Malkoch
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering; Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology; Teknikringen. 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
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178
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Wu W, Huang L, Fu Y, Ye C, Qin J, Li Z. Design, synthesis and nonlinear optical properties of “dendronized hyperbranched polymers”. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-5938-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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179
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Wu W, Ye C, Qin J, Li Z. Dendrimers with large nonlinear optical performance by introducing isolation chromophore, utilizing the Ar/ArF self-assembly effect, and modifying the topological structure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:7033-7041. [PMID: 23889058 DOI: 10.1021/am401299t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
By the combination of divergent and convergent approach, a new series of NLO dendrimers (G1-PFPh-NS-GL to G3-PFPh-NS-GL) was conveniently prepared with satisfied yields through the powerful "click chemistry" reaction, in which perfluoroaromatic rings were introduced in the periphery, two types of chromophores were arranged with regular AB structure, and their topological structure was improved to a more spherical shape. All the dendrimers demonstrated good processability, and G1-PFPh-NS-GL exhibited the highest NLO effect of 221 pm/V among the three dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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180
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Tian WD, Ma YQ. Theoretical and computational studies of dendrimers as delivery vectors. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:705-27. [PMID: 23114420 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35306g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It is a great challenge for nanomedicine to develop novel dendrimers with maximum therapeutic potential and minimum side-effects for drug and gene delivery. As delivery vectors, dendrimers must overcome lots of barriers before delivering the bio-agents to the target in the cell. Extensive experimental investigations have been carried out to elucidate the physical and chemical properties of dendrimers and explore their behaviors when interacting with biomolecules, such as gene materials, proteins, and lipid membranes. As a supplement of the experimental techniques, it has been proved that computer simulations could facilitate the progress in understanding the delivery process of bioactive molecules. The structures of dendrimers in dilute solutions have been intensively investigated by monomer-resolved simulations, coarse-grained simulations, and atom-resolved simulations. Atomistic simulations have manifested that the hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen-bond interactions, and electrostatic attraction play critical roles in the formation of dendrimer-drug complexes. Multiscale simulations and statistical field theories have uncovered some physical mechanisms involved in the dendrimer-based gene delivery systems. This review will focus on the current status and perspective of theoretical and computational contributions in this field in recent years. (275 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-de Tian
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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181
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Andrén OCJ, Walter MV, Yang T, Hult A, Malkoch M. Multifunctional Poly(ethylene glycol): Synthesis, Characterization, and Potential Applications of Dendritic–Linear–Dendritic Block Copolymer Hybrids. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4003984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver C. J. Andrén
- School of
Chemical Science and Engineering, Dept. of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen. 56-58,
SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie V. Walter
- School of
Chemical Science and Engineering, Dept. of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen. 56-58,
SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ting Yang
- School of
Chemical Science and Engineering, Dept. of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen. 56-58,
SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Hult
- School of
Chemical Science and Engineering, Dept. of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen. 56-58,
SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Malkoch
- School of
Chemical Science and Engineering, Dept. of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen. 56-58,
SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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182
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Nguyen TTT, Baumgarten M, Rouhanipour A, Räder HJ, Lieberwirth I, Müllen K. Extending the limits of precision polymer synthesis: giant polyphenylene dendrimers in the megadalton mass range approaching structural perfection. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:4183-6. [PMID: 23451994 DOI: 10.1021/ja311430r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The catalyst-free Diels-Alder synthesis of polyphenylene dendrimers with a chromophore core has now been demonstrated to achieve the seventh to ninth generations upon divergent growth. Since standard analytical tools such as size-exclusion chromatography do not provide realistic molecular weights, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was applied to characterize the complete series of nine generations. Perfection and monodispersity were thus elucidated at such high masses. Transmission electron microscopy imaging was used to determine the size of these molecularly defined nanosized "particles" with diameters of up to 33 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Thanh-Tam Nguyen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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183
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Cai X, Hu J, Xiao J, Cheng Y. Dendrimer and cancer: a patent review (2006-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2013; 23:515-29. [PMID: 23339480 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2013.761207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dendrimers were widely used in cancer diagnosis and therapy during the past decade. The surface functionalities allow bioactive molecules such as imaging probes, therapeutic compounds, targeting ligands to be present on dendrimer surface in a multivalent fashion. In addition, the interior pockets as well as the charged surface of dendrimer can be encapsulated/bound with anti-cancer drugs or therapeutic DNAs/siRNAs. AREAS COVERED The combination of dendrimer chemistry and new cancer therapy techniques such as radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, neuron capture therapy, and photothermal therapy provides promising strategies in future cancer therapy. Here, we focused on recent advances on this topic in the patents (2006 - present) and discussed the advantages of dendrimer technology in these inventions. EXPERT OPINION The challenges and perspectives of dendrimer-based theranostics for cancer diagnosis and therapy are discussed. Future efforts in this area should be focused on designing materials to solve problems such as cancer metastasis, multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells, and early-stage cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopan Cai
- East China Normal University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
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184
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185
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Hed Y, Öberg K, Berg S, Nordberg A, von Holst H, Malkoch M. Multipurpose heterofunctional dendritic scaffolds as crosslinkers towards functional soft hydrogels and implant adhesives in bone fracture applications. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:6015-6019. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21061h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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186
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Ma X, Sun Q, Zhou Z, Jin E, Tang J, Van Kirk E, Murdoch WJ, Shen Y. Synthesis of degradable bifunctional dendritic polymers as versatile drug carriers. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20771k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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187
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Huang AYT, Tsai CH, Chen HY, Chen HT, Lu CY, Lin YT, Kao CL. Concise solid-phase synthesis of inverse poly(amidoamine) dendrons using AB2 building blocks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:5784-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc40661j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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188
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Lellouche JP, Koner RR, Ghosh S. N-Substituted carbazole heterocycles and derivatives as multipurpose chemical species: at the interface of chemical engineering, polymer and materials science. REV CHEM ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2013-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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189
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Gowda R, Jones NR, Banerjee S, Robertson GP. Use of Nanotechnology to Develop Multi-Drug Inhibitors For Cancer Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 4. [PMID: 25013742 PMCID: PMC4085796 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7439.1000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic agents that inhibit a single target often cannot combat a multifactorial disease such as cancer. Thus, multi-target inhibitors (MTIs) are needed to circumvent complications such as the development of resistance. There are two predominant types of MTIs, (a) single drug inhibitor (SDIs) that affect multiple pathways simultaneously, and (b) combinatorial agents or multi-drug inhibitors (MDIs) that inhibit multiple pathways. Single agent multi-target kinase inhibitors are amongst the most prominent class of compounds belonging to the former, whereas the latter includes many different classes of combinatorial agents that have been used to achieve synergistic efficacy against cancer. Safe delivery and accumulation at the tumor site is of paramount importance for MTIs because inhibition of multiple key signaling pathways has the potential to lead to systemic toxicity. For this reason, the development of drug delivery mechanisms using nanotechnology is preferable in order to ensure that the MDIs accumulate in the tumor vasculature, thereby increasing efficacy and minimizing off-target and systemic side effects. This review will discuss how nanotechnology can be used for the development of MTIs for cancer therapy and also it concludes with a discussion of the future of nanoparticle-based MTIs as well as the continuing obstacles being faced during the development of these unique agents.’
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA ; Penn State Hershey Melanoma Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA ; Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA ; The Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Nathan R Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Shubhadeep Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA ; Penn State Hershey Melanoma Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA ; Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Gavin P Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA ; Department of Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA ; Department of Dermatology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA ; Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA ; Penn State Hershey Melanoma Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA ; Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA ; The Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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190
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Siyad MA, Kumar GSV. Synthetic evaluation of disulphide-bonded sarafotoxin on a poly(oxy ether) grafted dendrimeric poly(alkyl amine) support for polymer assisted organic synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:4860-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40178b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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191
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Hierold J, Lupton DW. C–C bond fragmentation by Grob/Eschenmoser reactions, applications in dendrimer synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:6150-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40800k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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192
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Thomas B, Berthet N, Garcia J, Dumy P, Renaudet O. Expanding the scope of oxime ligation: facile synthesis of large cyclopeptide-based glycodendrimers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:10796-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc45368e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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193
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Ma X, Zhou Z, Jin E, Sun Q, Zhang B, Tang J, Shen Y. Facile Synthesis of Polyester Dendrimers as Drug Delivery Carriers. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301849a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Ma
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Zhuxian Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Erlei Jin
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Qihang Sun
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Jianbin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering
of Ministry of Education, Center for Bionanoengineering, and Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering
of Ministry of Education, Center for Bionanoengineering, and Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
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194
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Affiliation(s)
- Dermot Kelleher
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
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