151
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Liu HQ, Wang YH, Wang LL, Hao M. P16INK4A and survivin: Diagnostic and prognostic markers in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 99:44-9. [PMID: 25910412 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the the correlations of p16INK4A (p16) and survivin expressions with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS The p16 and survivin expressions were detected in 50 cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissues, 150 various grades of CIN tissues and 30 normal cervical tissues using immunohistochemistry. All data were analyzed applying SPSS 17.0 software. RESULTS The p16 and survivin expressions showed the presence of statistical significance in cervical cancer, CINI, CINII, CINIII and normal cervical tissues (P<0.05), and the comparison also revealed statistical significance among groups (all P<0.05); the p16 and survivin expressions were positively correlated with the grade of cervical diseases (both P<0.05). Moreover, p16 protein was associated with CIN grade and lymph node metastases in cervical cancer (all P<0.05); survivin protein was also related with clinical stages, CIN grade and lymph node metastases (all P<0.05); the p16 and survivin expressions were positively correlated with cervical cancer (r=0.854, P<0.001), and associated with poor prognosis of cervical cancer. CONCLUSION Briefly, p16 and survivin expression may be correlated with the clinico-pathological and prognosis of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qiang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Yong-Hong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Lan-Lan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Min Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China.
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152
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Hou Y, Xu J, Liu X, Xia X, Li N, Bi X. Shikonin induces apoptosis in the human gastric cancer cells HGC-27 through mitochondria-mediated pathway. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:250-6. [PMID: 25829762 PMCID: PMC4378121 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.153074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequently occurring digestive tract cancers and fewer chemotherapeutic drugs for GC have shown promising results. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor activity of shikonin, a natural compound isolated from the Chinese plant Lithospermum erythrorhizon, against the human GC cell line HGC-27. Materials and Methods: HGC-27 cells treated with shikonin at a concentration of 30μM or above showed significant growth inhibition compared to control cells. Shikonin-treated cells also underwent apoptosis as detected by flow cytometric analysis and microscopic examination of cellular morphology. Further investigation into the underlying mechanism of apoptosis by western blot showed that the shikonin promoted the activation of poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase, caspase-3 and caspase-9 following 24 h or 48 h of treatment time, as well as the activation of caspase-8, but only after 48 h of treatment time. Furthermore, the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-extra large were reduced following shikonin treatment while the level of Bax was increased. In addition, shikonin also caused a significant reduction of the protein Survivin, while having little effect on the expression on X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein. Conclusion: Taken together, these results showed that the shikonin exhibited its anti-tumor activity against HGC-27 cells through inhibiting cell growth and promoting apoptosis by targeting mitochondrial-related signaling pathway. Our finding may represent a positive step in finding a natural and effective compound that could be important implication for future development of chemotherapeutic and/or chemopreventive agent against GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, P.R. China
| | - Jinghua Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, P.R. China ; Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Xichun Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P.R. China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Xiuli Bi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P.R. China
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153
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Targeting Survivin Inhibits Renal Cell Carcinoma Progression and Enhances the Activity of Temsirolimus. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:1404-13. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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154
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Abstract
Autophagy and apoptosis are two important cellular processes with complex and intersecting protein networks; as such, they have been the subjects of intense investigation. Recent advances have elucidated the key players and their molecular circuitry. For instance, the discovery of Beclin-1's interacting partners has resulted in the identification of Bcl-2 as a central regulator of autophagy and apoptosis, which functions by interacting with both Beclin-1 and Bax/Bak respectively. When localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, Bcl-2 inhibits autophagy. Cellular stress causes the displacement of Bcl-2 from Beclin-1 and Bax, thereby triggering autophagy and apoptosis, respectively. The induction of autophagy or apoptosis results in disruption of complexes by BH3-only proteins and through post-translational modification. The mechanisms linking autophagy and apoptosis are not fully defined; however, recent discoveries have revealed that several apoptotic proteins (e.g., PUMA, Noxa, Nix, Bax, XIAP, and Bim) modulate autophagy. Moreover, autophagic proteins that control nucleation and elongation regulate intrinsic apoptosis through calpain- and caspase-mediated cleavage of autophagy-related proteins, which switches the cellular program from autophagy to apoptosis. Similarly, several autophagic proteins are implicated in extrinsic apoptosis. This highlights a dual cellular role for autophagy. On one hand, autophagy degrades damaged mitochondria and caspases, and on the other hand, it provides a membrane-based intracellular platform for caspase processing in the regulation of apoptosis. In this review, we highlight the crucial factors governing the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis and describe the mechanisms controlling cell survival and cell death.
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155
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Asuncion Valenzuela MM, Castro I, Gonda A, Diaz Osterman CJ, Jutzy JM, Aspe JR, Khan S, Neidigh JW, Wall NR. Cell death in response to antimetabolites directed at ribonucleotide reductase and thymidylate synthase. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:495-507. [PMID: 25767396 PMCID: PMC4354452 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s79647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
New agent development, mechanistic understanding, and combinatorial partnerships with known and novel modalities continue to be important in the study of pancreatic cancer and its improved treatment. In this study, known antimetabolite drugs such as gemcitabine (ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor) and 5-fluorouracil (thymidylate synthase inhibitor) were compared with novel members of these two drug families in the treatment of a chemoresistant pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1. Cellular survival data, along with protein and messenger ribonucleic acid expression for survivin, XIAP, cIAP1, and cIAP2, were compared from both the cell cytoplasm and from exosomes after single modality treatment. While all antimetabolite drugs killed PANC-1 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, neither family significantly altered the cytosolic protein level of the four inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) investigated. Survivin, XIAP, cIAP1, and cIAP2 were found localized to exosomes where no significant difference in expression was recorded. This inability for significant and long-lasting expression may be a reason why pancreatic cancer lacks responsiveness to these and other cancer-killing agents. Continued investigation is required to determine the responsibilities of these IAPs in their role in chemoresistance in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malyn M Asuncion Valenzuela
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Imilce Castro
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Amber Gonda
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Carlos J Diaz Osterman
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jessica M Jutzy
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan R Aspe
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Salma Khan
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan W Neidigh
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Nathan R Wall
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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156
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Wang WW, Wang YB, Wang DQ, Lin Z, Sun RJ. Integrin beta-8 (ITGB8) silencing reverses gefitinib resistance of human hepatic cancer HepG2/G cell line. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:3063-3071. [PMID: 25932283 PMCID: PMC4402930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic cancer is a class of cancer that is relatively insensitive to chemotherapy, and cancers that harbor EGFR active mutations are more sensitive to EGFR-TK inhibitor such as gefitinib, which becomes the first-line treatment of this subtype of cancer. However, almost all patients treated with gefitinib will develop drug resistance. Here we show that a protein called integrin beta-8 (ITGB8) when over-expressed, is correlated with the gefitinib resistance of hepatic cancer cell line HepG2/G. After ITGB8 silencing, the drug resistance is reversed as the cell proliferation decreases and apoptosis rate increases significantly by gefitinib treatment when compared to HepG2/G. We demonstrated that multi-drug resistant proteins ABCB1, ABCC2 and ABCG2, anti-apoptosis proteins like survivin and Bcl-2, and cycle promoting protein CDK1 are involved in drug resistance of HepG2/G. Other drug-resistance relative proteins like SOD, GST, TS and HIF-1 are also modulated by ITGB8 silencing, but their role in this gefitinib resistance might be indirect. TGF beta pathway could be a critical pathway by which ITGB8 modulates the sensitivity of HepG2/G to gefitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Wang
- Department of Emergency, Tianjin First Central HospitalTianjin 300192 China
| | - Yu-Bao Wang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300211 China
| | - Dong-Qiang Wang
- Department of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin First Central HospitalTianjin 300192 China
| | - Zhu Lin
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Tianjin First Central HospitalTianjin 300192 China
| | - Ren-Jun Sun
- Internal Medicine Department, Tianjin Occupational Disease Prevention HospitalTianjin 300020 China
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157
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Gaipl US, Multhoff G, Scheithauer H, Lauber K, Hehlgans S, Frey B, Rödel F. Kill and spread the word: stimulation of antitumor immune responses in the context of radiotherapy. Immunotherapy 2015; 6:597-610. [PMID: 24896628 DOI: 10.2217/imt.14.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides the direct, targeted effects of ionizing irradiation (x-ray) on cancer cells, namely DNA damage and cell death induction, indirect, nontargeted ones exist, which are mediated in large part by the immune system. Immunogenic forms of tumor cell death induced by x-ray, including immune modulating danger signals like the heat shock protein 70, adenosine triphosphate, and high-mobility group box 1 protein are presented. Further, antitumor effects exerted by cells of the innate (natural killer cells) as well as adaptive immune system (T cells activated by dendritic cells) are outlined. Tumor cell death inhibiting molecules such as survivin are introduced as suitable target for molecularly tailored therapies in combination with x-ray. Finally, reasonable combinations of immune therapies with radiotherapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udo S Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
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158
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Nagini S, Palitti F, Natarajan AT. Chemopreventive potential of chlorophyllin: a review of the mechanisms of action and molecular targets. Nutr Cancer 2015; 67:203-11. [PMID: 25650669 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.990573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyllin (CHL), a water soluble semisynthetic derivative of the ubiquitous plant pigment chlorophyll used as a food additive, is recognized to confer a wide range of health benefits. CHL has been shown to exhibit potent antigenotoxic, anti-oxidant, and anticancer effects. Numerous experimental and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that dietary supple-mentation of CHL lowers the risk of cancer. CHL inhibits cancer initiation and progression by targeting multiple molecules and pathways involved in the metabolism of carcinogens, cell cycle progression, apoptosis evasion, invasion, and angiogenesis. The modulatory effects of CHL on the hallmark capabilities of cancer appear to be mediated via abrogation of key oncogenic signal transduction pathways such as nuclear factor kappa B, Wnt/β-catenin, and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt signaling. This review provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of the anticancer effects of dietary CHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddavaram Nagini
- a Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science , Annamalai University , Tamil Nadu , India
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159
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Yamak N, Yaykasli KO, Yilmaz U, Eroz R, Uzunlar AK, Ankarali H, Sahiner C, Baltaci D. Association Between Survivin Gene Polymorphisms and the Susceptibility to Colon Cancer Development in the Turkish Population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:8963-7. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.20.8963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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160
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Shoshan-Barmatz V, Ben-Hail D, Admoni L, Krelin Y, Tripathi SS. The mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel 1 in tumor cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:2547-75. [PMID: 25448878 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
VDAC1 is found at the crossroads of metabolic and survival pathways. VDAC1 controls metabolic cross-talk between mitochondria and the rest of the cell by allowing the influx and efflux of metabolites, ions, nucleotides, Ca2+ and more. The location of VDAC1 at the outer mitochondrial membrane also enables its interaction with proteins that mediate and regulate the integration of mitochondrial functions with cellular activities. As a transporter of metabolites, VDAC1 contributes to the metabolic phenotype of cancer cells. Indeed, this protein is over-expressed in many cancer types, and silencing of VDAC1 expression induces an inhibition of tumor development. At the same time, along with regulating cellular energy production and metabolism, VDAC1 is involved in the process of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by mediating the release of apoptotic proteins and interacting with anti-apoptotic proteins. The engagement of VDAC1 in the release of apoptotic proteins located in the inter-membranal space involves VDAC1 oligomerization that mediates the release of cytochrome c and AIF to the cytosol, subsequently leading to apoptotic cell death. Apoptosis can also be regulated by VDAC1, serving as an anchor point for mitochondria-interacting proteins, such as hexokinase (HK), Bcl2 and Bcl-xL, some of which are also highly expressed in many cancers. By binding to VDAC1, HK provides both a metabolic benefit and apoptosis-suppressive capacity that offer the cell a proliferative advantage and increase its resistance to chemotherapy. Thus, these and other functions point to VDAC1 as an excellent target for impairing the re-programed metabolism of cancer cells and their ability to evade apoptosis. Here, we review current evidence pointing to the function of VDAC1 in cell life and death, and highlight these functions in relation to both cancer development and therapy. In addressing the recently solved 3D structures of VDAC1, this review will point to structure-function relationships of VDAC as critical for deciphering how this channel can perform such a variety of roles, all of which are important for cell life and death. Finally, this review will also provide insight into VDAC function in Ca2+ homeostasis, protection against oxidative stress, regulation of apoptosis and involvement in several diseases, as well as its role in the action of different drugs. We will discuss the use of VDAC1-based strategies to attack the altered metabolism and apoptosis of cancer cells. These strategies include specific siRNA able to impair energy and metabolic homeostasis, leading to arrested cancer cell growth and tumor development, as well VDAC1-based peptides that interact with anti-apoptotic proteins to induce apoptosis, thereby overcoming the resistance of cancer cell to chemotherapy. Finally, small molecules targeting VDAC1 can induce apoptosis. VDAC1 can thus be considered as standing at the crossroads between mitochondrial metabolite transport and apoptosis and hence represents an emerging cancer drug target. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane channels and transporters in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences, and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
| | - Danya Ben-Hail
- Department of Life Sciences, and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Lee Admoni
- Department of Life Sciences, and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Yakov Krelin
- Department of Life Sciences, and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Shambhoo Sharan Tripathi
- Department of Life Sciences, and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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161
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Bing L, Wu J, Zhang J, Chen Y, Hong Z, Zu H. DHT inhibits the Aβ25-35-induced apoptosis by regulation of seladin-1, survivin, XIAP, bax, and bcl-xl expression through a rapid PI3-K/Akt signaling in C6 glial cell lines. Neurochem Res 2014; 40:41-8. [PMID: 25347962 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1463-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous evidences indicate that androgen is neuroprotective in the brain. However, the underling mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. Moreover, it is controversial whether dihydrotestosterone (DHT) modulates the expression of apoptosis-related effectors, such as survivin, XIAP, bax, and bcl-xl proteins mediated by the PI3-K/Akt pathway, which contributes to androgen neuroprotection. In this study using a C6 glial cell model, apoptotic cells were detected by flow cytometry. Akt, seladin-1, survivin, XIAP, bcl-xl, and bax protein expression is investigated by Western blot. After amyloid β-protein fragment (Aβ25-35) treatment, apoptotic cells at early (annexin V+, PI-) and late (annexin V+, PI+) stages were significantly increased. Apoptosis at early and late was obviously inhibited in the presence of DHT. The effect of DHT was markedly blocked by PI3-K inhibitor LY294002.To elicit the mechanism of DHT protection, the expression of seladin-1, survivin, XIAP, bax, and bcl-xl protein was determined in C6 cells treated with Aβ25-35, DHT, or LY294002. Aβ25-35 significantly downregulated the expression of seladin-1, survivin, XIAP, bcl-xl protein and upregulated the expression of bax protein. DHT significantly inhibited the expression of bax, seladin-1, survivin, XIAP, and bcl-xl protein induced by Aβ25-35. Further, we found the effect of DHT was significantly inhibited by LY294002. Collectively, in a C6 glial cell model, we firstly found that DHT inhibits Aβ25-35-induced apoptosis by a rapid nongenic PI-3K/Akt activation as well as regulation of seladin-1, survivin, XIAP, bcl-xl, and bax proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lelin Bing
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508, China
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162
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ZHANG KEJIAN, LI YANG, LIU WEI, GAO XINLIANG, ZHANG KEWEI. Silencing survivin expression inhibits the tumor growth of non-small-cell lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:639-44. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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163
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Shterzer N, Heyman D, Shapiro B, Yaniv A, Jackman A, Serour F, Chaouat M, Gonen P, Tommasino M, Sherman L. Human papillomavirus types detected in skin warts and cancer differ in their transforming properties but commonly counteract UVB induced protective responses in human keratinocytes. Virology 2014; 468-470:647-659. [PMID: 25443667 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, E6E7 and E6 proteins of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) associated with skin warts and cancer were compared for their transforming and carcinogenic abilities in primary human keratinocytes (PHKs). We show that E6E7 of cancer associated beta HPV types, notably 49 and 24, were able to extend the life span and enhance the clonogenic efficiency of PHKs when maintained in serum free/low calcium medium. Activities of the beta HPV E6E7 were lower than those of HPV16 E6E7. In contrast, E6 proteins from HPV types detected in skin warts or cancer, notably 10, 49 and 38, attenuated UVB induced protective responses in PHKs including cell death, proliferation arrest and accumulation of the proapoptotic proteins, p53, bax or bak. Together, this investigation revealed functional differences and commonalities between HPVs associated with skin warts and cancer, and allowed the identification of specific properties of beta HPVs supporting their involvement in skin carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naama Shterzer
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Dariya Heyman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Beny Shapiro
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Abraham Yaniv
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Anna Jackman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Francis Serour
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Malka Chaouat
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Hadassah University Hospital, Ein Karem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Pinhas Gonen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Levana Sherman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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164
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Wang D, Zhang N, Ye Y, Qian J, Zhu Y, Wang C. Role and mechanisms of microRNA‑503 in drug resistance reversal in HepG2/ADM human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:3268-74. [PMID: 25269574 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and drug resistance is a major cause of treatment failure. In order to investigate the effects and mechanisms of microRNA‑503 (miR‑503) in the reversal of Adriamycin® (ADM) resistance in the drug‑resistant HepG2/ADM hepatocellular cancer cell line, an ADM‑resistant HepG2/ADM cell line was established using continuous drug exposure. HepG2/ADM cells overexpressing miR‑503 were further established. HepG2/ADM cells overexpressing miR‑503 demonstrated an enhanced sensitivity to ADM. Furthermore, miR‑503 overexpression was found to increase intracellular rhodamine‑123 levels and the rate of apoptosis, block the cell cycle at G0/G1‑phase and significantly decrease intracellular superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels. The expression of a number drug resistance‑related proteins, including multidrug resistance 1, multi drug resistance‑associated protein 1, DNA excision repair protein ERCC‑1, survivin and B‑cell lymphoma 2, was significantly downregulated by miR‑503 overexpression, as indicated by western blotting and a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. By contrast, levels of RhoE were increased. In addition, the phosphorylation of Akt was decreased and expression of cyclin‑dependent kinase 1 was decreased by miR‑503 overexpression. Furthermore, the secretion of transforming growth factor‑β, interleukin (IL)‑6 and IL‑8 was downregulated, and the transcriptional activities of nuclear factor κ‑light‑chain‑enhancer of activated B cells and activating protein‑1 were significantly reduced. In conclusion, miR‑503 was observed to reverse ADM resistance in HepG2/ADM cells by inhibiting drug efflux, downregulating the expression of drug resistance‑related proteins, blocking the cell cycle and promoting cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin 300074, P.R. China
| | - Yintao Ye
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Junqiang Qian
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Huan Hu Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vessels and Neural Degeneration, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
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165
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Vidaurre S, Fitzpatrick C, Burzio VA, Briones M, Villota C, Villegas J, Echenique J, Oliveira-Cruz L, Araya M, Borgna V, Socías T, Lopez C, Avila R, Burzio LO. Down-regulation of the antisense mitochondrial non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) is a unique vulnerability of cancer cells and a potential target for cancer therapy. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:27182-27198. [PMID: 25100722 PMCID: PMC4175353 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.558841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hallmarks of cancer are fundamental principles involved in cancer progression. We propose an additional generalized hallmark of malignant transformation corresponding to the differential expression of a family of mitochondrial ncRNAs (ncmtRNAs) that comprises sense and antisense members, all of which contain stem-loop structures. Normal proliferating cells express sense (SncmtRNA) and antisense (ASncmtRNA) transcripts. In contrast, the ASncmtRNAs are down-regulated in tumor cells regardless of tissue of origin. Here we show that knockdown of the low copy number of the ASncmtRNAs in several tumor cell lines induces cell death by apoptosis without affecting the viability of normal cells. In addition, knockdown of ASncmtRNAs potentiates apoptotic cell death by inhibiting survivin expression, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family. Down-regulation of survivin is at the translational level and is probably mediated by microRNAs generated by dicing of the double-stranded stem of the ASncmtRNAs, as suggested by evidence presented here, in which the ASncmtRNAs are bound to Dicer and knockdown of the ASncmtRNAs reduces reporter luciferase activity in a vector carrying the 3′-UTR of survivin mRNA. Taken together, down-regulation of the ASncmtRNAs constitutes a vulnerability or Achilles' heel of cancer cells, suggesting that the ASncmtRNAs are promising targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Vidaurre
- Andes Biotechnologies SA and Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7780272, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas, Universidad Bernardo ÓHiggins, General Gana 1702, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christopher Fitzpatrick
- Andes Biotechnologies SA and Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7780272, Chile; Fundación Ciencia para la Vida, Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7780272, Chile,; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas and Universidad Andrés Bello, República 252, Santiago 8370134, Chile
| | - Verónica A Burzio
- Andes Biotechnologies SA and Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7780272, Chile; Fundación Ciencia para la Vida, Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7780272, Chile,; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas and Universidad Andrés Bello, República 252, Santiago 8370134, Chile.
| | - Macarena Briones
- Andes Biotechnologies SA and Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7780272, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas and Universidad Andrés Bello, República 252, Santiago 8370134, Chile
| | - Claudio Villota
- Andes Biotechnologies SA and Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7780272, Chile; Fundación Ciencia para la Vida, Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7780272, Chile,; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas and Universidad Andrés Bello, República 252, Santiago 8370134, Chile
| | - Jaime Villegas
- Andes Biotechnologies SA and Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7780272, Chile; Fundación Ciencia para la Vida, Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7780272, Chile,; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas and Universidad Andrés Bello, República 252, Santiago 8370134, Chile
| | - Javiera Echenique
- Andes Biotechnologies SA and Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7780272, Chile
| | - Luciana Oliveira-Cruz
- Andes Biotechnologies SA and Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7780272, Chile; Fundación Ciencia para la Vida, Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7780272, Chile
| | - Mariela Araya
- Andes Biotechnologies SA and Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7780272, Chile
| | - Vincenzo Borgna
- Andes Biotechnologies SA and Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7780272, Chile; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 252, Santiago 8370134, Chile, and
| | - Teresa Socías
- Andes Biotechnologies SA and Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7780272, Chile
| | - Constanza Lopez
- Andes Biotechnologies SA and Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7780272, Chile
| | - Rodolfo Avila
- Andes Biotechnologies SA and Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7780272, Chile
| | - Luis O Burzio
- Andes Biotechnologies SA and Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7780272, Chile; Fundación Ciencia para la Vida, Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7780272, Chile,; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas and Universidad Andrés Bello, República 252, Santiago 8370134, Chile.
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Kusner LL, Ciesielski MJ, Marx A, Kaminski HJ, Fenstermaker RA. Survivin as a potential mediator to support autoreactive cell survival in myasthenia gravis: a human and animal model study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102231. [PMID: 25050620 PMCID: PMC4106794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that underlie the development and maintenance of autoimmunity in myasthenia gravis are poorly understood. In this investigation, we evaluate the role of survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, in humans and in two animal models. We identified survivin expression in cells with B lymphocyte and plasma cells markers, and in the thymuses of patients with myasthenia gravis. A portion of survivin-expressing cells specifically bound a peptide derived from the alpha subunit of acetylcholine receptor indicating that they recognize the peptide. Thymuses of patients with myasthenia gravis had large numbers of survivin-positive cells with fewer cells in the thymuses of corticosteroid-treated patients. Application of a survivin vaccination strategy in mouse and rat models of myasthenia gravis demonstrated improved motor assessment, a reduction in acetylcholine receptor specific autoantibodies, and a retention of acetylcholine receptor at the neuromuscular junction, associated with marked reduction of survivin-expressing circulating CD20+ cells. These data strongly suggest that survivin expression in cells with lymphocyte and plasma cell markers occurs in patients with myasthenia gravis and in two animal models of myasthenia gravis. Survivin expression may be part of a mechanism that inhibits the apoptosis of autoreactive B cells in myasthenia gravis and other autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L. Kusner
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael J. Ciesielski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Alexander Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Henry J. Kaminski
- Department of Neurology, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Fenstermaker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
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Ryu YL, Jung KH, Son MK, Yan HH, Kim SJ, Shin S, Hong S, Hong SS. Anticancer activity of HS-527, a novel inhibitor targeting PI3-kinase in human pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2014; 353:68-77. [PMID: 25016056 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is known to have low 5-year survival rate and poor response to treatment. In this study, we synthesized HS-527, a new PI3-kinase inhibitor, and investigated not only its anticancer activity, but also its mechanism of action in pancreatic cancer cells. HS-527 had higher specificity for PI3K than other kinases and inhibited PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by down-regulating Akt and P70S6K. And HS-527 inhibited the cell growth and proliferation of the pancreatic cancer in a time- and dose-dependent manner, with greater activity than gemcitabine. Even HS-527 showed lower cytotoxicity than gemcitabine in normal cells. When treated with HS-527, the cancer cells appeared apoptotic, increasing the expression of cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase-3, and Bax. Furthermore, HS-527 showed an anti-angiogenic activity by decreasing the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF, and inhibited the migration of endothelial cells, and the formation of new blood vessel in mouse Matrigel plug assay. In this study, we found that HS-527 showed anti-cancer activity through an inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway in pancreatic cancer cells, suggesting that HS-527 could be used as a promising therapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Lim Ryu
- Department of Drug Development, College of Medicine, Inha University, 3-ga, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Jung
- Department of Drug Development, College of Medicine, Inha University, 3-ga, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kwon Son
- Department of Drug Development, College of Medicine, Inha University, 3-ga, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Hua Yan
- Department of Drug Development, College of Medicine, Inha University, 3-ga, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jung Kim
- Department of Drug Development, College of Medicine, Inha University, 3-ga, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghye Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soon-Sun Hong
- Department of Drug Development, College of Medicine, Inha University, 3-ga, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea.
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Wang F, Wang L, Zhao Y, Li Y, Ping G, Xiao S, Chen K, Zhu W, Gong P, Yang J, Wu C. A novel small-molecule activator of procaspase-3 induces apoptosis in cancer cells and reduces tumor growth in human breast, liver and gallbladder cancer xenografts. Mol Oncol 2014; 8:1640-52. [PMID: 25053517 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Procaspase-3, a proenzyme of apoptotic executioner caspase-3, is overexpressed in numerous tumors. We aimed to characterize a novel procaspase-3 activator, WF-210, which may have potential as an anticancer drug. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The procaspase-3 activating ability, antitumor efficacy, mechanisms of action, and toxicity profiles of WF-210 were investigated in vitro and in vivo, using normal cells, cancer cells, and mouse xenograft models. The role of procaspase-3 in WF-210-induced apoptosis was explored by manipulating procaspase-3 expression in cultured cells. RESULTS WF-210 activated procaspase-3 with an EC50 of 0.95 μM, less than half that of its mother compound PAC-1 (2.08 μM). The mechanism involved the chelation of inhibitory zinc ions, subsequently resulting in an auto-activation of procaspase-3. WF-210 was more cytotoxic than PAC-1 to human cancer cells, but less cytotoxic to normal cells. Cancer cells with high procaspase-3 expression, like HL-60 and U-937, were particularly sensitive. WF-210-induced the apoptosis of HL-60 and U-937 cells by activating procaspases and promoting proteasome-dependent degradation of XIAP and Survivin. The level of WF-210-induced apoptosis in cultured cells was related to the level of procaspase-3 expression. Finally, WF-210 was superior to PAC-1 in retarding the in vivo growth of breast, liver and gallbladder xenograft tumors which overexpress procaspase-3, and induced no substantial weight loss or neurotoxicity. WF-210 and PAC-1 had no effect on the growth of MCF-7 xenograft tumors, which do not express procaspase-3. CONCLUSION We identified WF-210 as a potent small-molecule activator of procaspase-3. The favorable antitumor activity and acceptable toxicity profile of WF-210 provide a strong rationale for its clinical evaluation in the treatment of tumors with high procaspase-3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yanfang Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Guanfang Ping
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Shu Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Wufu Zhu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Ping Gong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, 110016 Shenyang, PR China.
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, 110016 Shenyang, PR China.
| | - Chunfu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, 110016 Shenyang, PR China.
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169
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Wu Y, Guo L, Liu J, Liu R, Liu M, Chen J. [The reversing and molecular mechanisms of miR-503 on the drug-resistance to cisplatin in A549/DDP cells]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2014; 17:1-7. [PMID: 24398307 PMCID: PMC6000201 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2014.01.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
背景与目的 临床上肺癌细胞往往出现对顺铂的耐药性,因此探讨肿瘤细胞的耐药机制,开发新的逆转耐药性的方法,对提高临床患者的受益有十分重要的意义。miRNA可通过其调控的目标基因,对多种与肿瘤细胞失控生长、抗凋亡、迁移和侵袭,甚至是肿瘤细胞对药物治疗的应答产生调控作用。本实验旨在探讨miR-503对肺癌顺铂耐药细胞株A549/DDP的耐药性逆转及其相关作用机制。 方法 应用MTS法检测miR-503对A549/DDP细胞顺铂耐受性的影响,流式细胞术检测肿瘤细胞凋亡率以及胞内罗丹明-123(Rhodamine-123, Rh-123)含量的变化,Western blot法和Real time PCR检测肿瘤细胞多药耐药蛋白MDR1、MRP1、Survivin和Bcl-2蛋白表达,以及Akt磷酸化的变化,应用双萤光报告基因技术检测细胞NF-κB和AP-1转录活性。 结果 与对照细胞组相比较,miR-503转染A549/DDP细胞株后,可明显增加细胞对顺铂的敏感性,使耐药逆转倍数增加为2.48倍,Rh-123含量升高2.49倍,细胞凋亡率提高10.3倍;在转录水平检测发现,与对照组相比较,miR-503转染的细胞中MDR1、MRP1、ERCC1、Survivin及Bcl-2等与肿瘤耐药相关基因的mRNA表达水平明显下调,而RhoE mRNA表达水平则明显升高(P < 0.05);进一步在蛋白水平亦证实MDR1、MRP1、ERCC1、Survivin、Bcl-2以及p-Akt的表达明显下降,RhoE的表达明显上升。 结论 miR-503可逆转A549/DDP对顺铂的耐药性,这一作用可能与抑制药物外排,负调控肿瘤耐药相关蛋白的表达,促进细胞凋亡有关。
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Lili Guo
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jinghao Liu
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Renwang Liu
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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Survivin modulates genes with divergent molecular functions and regulates proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells through Evi-1. Leukemia 2014; 29:433-40. [PMID: 24903482 PMCID: PMC4258188 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitor of apoptosis protein Survivin regulates hematopoiesis, although its mechanisms of regulation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) remain largely unknown. While investigating conditional Survivin deletion in mice, we found that Survivin was highly expressed in phenotypically defined HSCs and Survivin deletion in mice resulted in significantly reduced total marrow HSC and progenitor cells (HPC). Transcriptional analysis of Survivin−/− HSCs revealed altered expression of multiple genes not previously linked to Survivin activity. In particular, Survivin deletion significantly reduced expression of the Evi-1 transcription factor indispensable for HSC function, and the downstream Evi-1 target genes Gata2, Pbx1 and Sall2. The loss of HSCs following Survivin deletion and impaired long-term HSC repopulating function could be partially rescued by ectopic Evi-1 expression in Survivin −/− HSCs. These data demonstrate that Survivin partially regulates HSC function by modulating the Evi-1transcription factor and its downstream targets and identify new genetic pathways in HSCs regulated by Survivin.
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171
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Survivin family proteins as novel molecular determinants of doxorubicin resistance in organotypic human breast tumors. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:R55. [PMID: 24886669 PMCID: PMC4076638 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The molecular determinants of breast cancer resistance to first-line anthracycline-containing chemotherapy are unknown. Methods We examined the response to doxorubicin of organotypic cultures of primary human breast tumors ex vivo with respect to cell proliferation, DNA damage and modulation of apoptosis. Samples were analyzed for genome-wide modulation of cell death pathways, differential activation of p53, and the role of survivin family molecules in drug resistance. Rational drug combination regimens were explored by high-throughput screening, and validated in model breast cancer cell types. Results Doxorubicin treatment segregated organotypic human breast tumors into distinct Responder or Non Responder groups, characterized by differential proliferative index, stabilization of p53, and induction of apoptosis. Conversely, tumor histotype, hormone receptor or human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) status did not influence chemotherapy sensitivity. Global analysis of cell death pathways identified survivin and its alternatively spliced form, survivin-ΔEx3 as uniquely overexpressed in Non Responder breast tumors. Forced expression of survivin-ΔEx3 preserved cell viability and prevented doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cell types. High-throughput pharmacologic targeting of survivin family proteins with a small-molecule survivin suppressant currently in the clinic (YM155) selectively potentiated the effect of doxorubicin, but not other chemotherapeutics in breast cancer cell types, and induced tumor cell apoptosis. Conclusions Survivin family proteins are novel effectors of doxorubicin resistance in chemotherapy-naive breast cancer. The incorporation of survivin antagonist(s) in anthracycline-containing regimens may have improved clinical activity in these patients.
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Cassis P, Solini S, Azzollini N, Aiello S, Rocchetta F, Conti S, Novelli R, Gagliardini E, Mister M, Rapezzi F, Rapezzi S, Benigni A, Remuzzi G, Conway EM, Noris M. An unanticipated role for survivin in organ transplant damage. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:1046-60. [PMID: 24731002 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major determinant of graft survival in kidney transplantation. Survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis that participates in the control of mitosis and cell cycle progression, has been implicated in renal protection and repair after I/R injury; however, no study has been performed in the transplant setting. We investigated the role of survivin in modulating posttransplant I/R injury in syngeneic and allogeneic kidney grafts, and studied whether protection from I/R injury impacted on the recipient immune system, on chronic allograft nephropathy and rejection. We used genetically engineered mice with survivin haploinsufficiency and WT mice in which survivin over-expression was induced by gene-delivery. Survivin haploinsufficiency in syngeneic grafts was associated with exuberant I/R tissue injury, which triggered inflammation eventually resulting in graft loss. Conversely, survivin over-expression in the grafts minimized I/R injury and dysfunction in syngeneic grafts and in a clinically relevant fully MHC-mismatched allogeneic combination. In the latter, survivin over-expression translated into limited anti-donor adaptive immune response and less long-term allograft injury with protection from renal parenchymal damage. Our data support survivin over-expression in the graft as a novel target for protocols aimed at limiting tissue damage at the time of transplant ultimately modulating the recipient immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cassis
- Centro Ricerche Trapianti, "Chiara Cucchi de Alessandri e Gilberto Crespi", IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Ranica, Bergamo, Italy
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Li X, Zhang X, Li X, Ding F, Ding J. The role of survivin in podocyte injury induced by puromycin aminonucleoside. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:6657-73. [PMID: 24747598 PMCID: PMC4013653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15046657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, which uniquely promotes mitosis and regulates apoptosis in cancer cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that survivin also expresses in several normal adult cells. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the function of survivin in the terminally differentiated epithelial cells, podocytes. Methods Survivin expression and location were detected by Quantitative Real-Time PCR, western blot and fluorescence confocal microscopy methods in normal and injured mouse podocytes. Cyto-protection function of survivin was also studied in cultured podocyte injured by puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN), transfected with survivin siRNA to down-regulate survivin expression, or with survivin plasmid to transiently over-express survivin. Results In podocytes, PAN stimulated expressions of survivin and the apoptosis related molecule caspase 3. Knockdown of survivin expression by siRNA increased the activation of caspase 3, induced podocyte apoptosis and remarkable rearrangement of actin cytoskeleton. Moreover, over-expression of survivin inhibited PAN-induced podocyte apoptosis and cytoskeleton rearrangement. Conclusion Our data provides the evidence that survivin plays an important role in protecting podocytes from apoptosis induced by PAN. The mechanism of survivin related anti-apoptosis may, at least partially, be through the activation of caspase 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi An Men Da Jie, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi An Men Da Jie, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi An Men Da Jie, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Fangrui Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi An Men Da Jie, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi An Men Da Jie, Beijing 100034, China.
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Yun SM, Jung KH, Kim SJ, Fang Z, Son MK, Yan HH, Lee H, Kim J, Shin S, Hong S, Hong SS. HS-438, a new inhibitor of imatinib-resistant BCR-ABL T315I mutation in chronic myeloid leukemia. Cancer Lett 2014; 348:50-60. [PMID: 24657654 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib is a selective breakpoint cluster region-Abelson (BCR-ABL) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that has significantly improved the prognosis of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, T315I gene mutations of the BCR-ABL kinase domain have been shown to confer resistance to imatinib. In the present study, we synthesized a novel BCR-ABL inhibitor, HS-438, and identified its anti-leukemic effects in vitro and in vivo. We found that HS-438 strongly inhibited the expression of BCR-ABL signaling pathways in wild-type BCR-ABL (BaF3/WT) cells as well as T315I-mutated BCR-ABL (BaF3/T315I) cells with resistance to imatinib. HS-438 induced cell cycle arrest, particularly during the G0/G1 cell cycle phase, and induced apoptosis. In BaF3/T315I xenograft models, HS-438 significantly delayed tumor growth, unlike imatinib. In summary, we suggest that HS-438 may be a novel drug candidate with the therapeutic potential to target BCR-ABL and overcome imatinib resistance in patients with CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Mi Yun
- College of Medicine, Inha University, 3-ga, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Jung
- College of Medicine, Inha University, 3-ga, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwang-Ju 300, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jung Kim
- College of Medicine, Inha University, 3-ga, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhenghuan Fang
- College of Medicine, Inha University, 3-ga, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kwon Son
- College of Medicine, Inha University, 3-ga, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Hua Yan
- College of Medicine, Inha University, 3-ga, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunseung Lee
- College of Medicine, Inha University, 3-ga, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea
| | - JinHee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghye Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soon-Sun Hong
- College of Medicine, Inha University, 3-ga, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea.
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175
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Wang J, Li W. Discovery of novel second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase mimetics as selective inhibitor of apoptosis protein inhibitors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 349:319-29. [PMID: 24623800 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.212019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins are widely considered as promising cancer drug targets, especially for drug-resistant tumors. Mimicking the IAP-binding motif of second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC) is a rational strategy to design potential IAP inhibitors. In this report, we used the bioactive conformation of AVPI tetrapeptide in the N terminus of SMAC as a template and performed a shape-based virtual screening against a drug-like compound library to identify novel IAP inhibitors. Top hits were subsequently docked to available IAP crystal structures as a secondary screening followed by validation using in vitro biologic assays. Four novel hit compounds were identified to potently inhibit cell growth in two human melanoma (A375 and M14) and two human prostate (PC-3 and DU145) cancer cell lines. The best compound, UC-112 [5-((benzyloxy)methyl)-7-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)quinolin-8-ol], has IC50 values ranging from 0.7 to 3.4 µM. UC-112 also potently inhibits the growth of P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-overexpressed multidrug-resistant cancer cells, strongly activates caspase-3/7 and caspase-9 activities, and selectively downregulates survivin level at a concentration as low as 1 µM. Coincubation of UC-112 with a known proteasome inhibitor Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-CHO (MG-132) rescued survivin inhibition, consistent with the anticipated mechanism of action for UC-112. As a single agent, UC-112 strongly inhibits tumor growth and reduces both X chromosome-linked IAP and survivin levels in an A375 human melanoma xenograft model in vivo. Overall, our study identified novel scaffolds, especially UC-112, as new platforms on which potent and selective IAP antagonists can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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176
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Survivin beyond physiology: orchestration of multistep carcinogenesis and therapeutic potentials. Cancer Lett 2014; 347:175-82. [PMID: 24560928 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, has been associated with protection from cell apoptosis and regulation of mitosis. Survivin exhibits low to undetectable expression in most finally differentiated adult tissues but is abundantly over-expressed in almost all cancers. The aberrant high expression of survivin in cancers is associated with advanced disease, increased rate of tumor recurrence, abbreviated overall survival and resistance to chemo- and radio- therapy. Survivin touches nearly every aspect of cancer and is involved in the initiation, maintenance and development of tumor. Therefore, its significance in cancer dictates the pursuit for anti-survivin cancer therapies.
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177
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Micewicz ED, Luong HT, Jung CL, Waring AJ, McBride WH, Ruchala P. Novel dimeric Smac analogs as prospective anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1452-7. [PMID: 24582479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A small library of monovalent Smac mimics with general structure NMeAla-Tle-(4R)-4-Benzyl-Pro-Xaa-cysteamide, was synthesized (Xaa=hydrophobic residue). The library was screened in vitro against human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, and two most active compounds oligomerized via S-alkylation giving bivalent and trivalent derivatives. The most active bivalent analogue SMAC17-2X was tested in vivo and in physiological conditions (mouse model) it exerted a potent anticancer effect resulting in ∼23.4days of tumor growth delay at 7.5mg/kg dose. Collectively, our findings suggest that bivalent Smac analogs obtained via S-alkylation protocol may be a suitable platform for the development of new anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa D Micewicz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hai T Luong
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chun-Ling Jung
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alan J Waring
- Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1000 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, 1001 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - William H McBride
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Piotr Ruchala
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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178
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Rauch A, Hennig D, Schäfer C, Wirth M, Marx C, Heinzel T, Schneider G, Krämer OH. Survivin and YM155: how faithful is the liaison? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1845:202-20. [PMID: 24440709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Survivin belongs to the family of apoptosis inhibitors (IAPs), which antagonizes the induction of cell death. Dysregulated expression of IAPs is frequently observed in cancers, and the high levels of survivin in tumors compared to normal adult tissues make it an attractive target for pharmacological interventions. The small imidazolium-based compound YM155 has recently been reported to block the expression of survivin via inhibition of the survivin promoter. Recent data, however, question that this is the sole and main effect of this drug, which is already being tested in ongoing clinical studies. Here, we critically review the current data on YM155 and other new experimental agents supposed to antagonize survivin. We summarize how cells from various tumor entities and with differential expression of the tumor suppressor p53 respond to this agent in vitro and as murine xenografts. Additionally, we recapitulate clinical trials conducted with YM155. Our article further considers the potency of YM155 in combination with other anti-cancer agents and epigenetic modulators. We also assess state-of-the-art data on the sometimes very promiscuous molecular mechanisms affected by YM155 in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Rauch
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Dorle Hennig
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Claudia Schäfer
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Wirth
- II Department of Internal Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Marx
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Thorsten Heinzel
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Günter Schneider
- II Department of Internal Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver H Krämer
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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179
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Abstract
Members of the caspase family of proteases are evolutionarily conserved cysteine proteases that play a crucial role as the central executioners of the apoptotic pathway. Since the discovery of caspases, many methods have been developed to detect their activation and are widely used in basic and clinical studies. In a mouse tissue, caspase activation can be monitored by cleavage of caspase-specific synthetic substrates and by detecting cleaved caspase by western blot analysis of the tissue extract. In tissue sections, active caspase can be detected by immunostaining using specific antibodies to the active caspase. In addition, among the myriads of caspase-specific substrates known so far, cleaved fragments produced by caspases from the substrates such as PARP, lamin A, and cytokeratin-18 can be monitored in tissue sections by immunostaining as well as western blots of tissue extracts. In general, more than one method should be used to ascertain detection of activation of caspases in a mouse tissue.
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180
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Felix S, Sandjo LP, Opatz T, Erkel G. SF002-96-1, a new drimane sesquiterpene lactone from an Aspergillus species, inhibits survivin expression. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:2866-76. [PMID: 24367452 PMCID: PMC3869210 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin, a member of the IAP (inhibitor of apoptosis) gene family, is overexpressed in virtually all human cancers and is functionally involved in the inhibition of apoptosis, regulation of cell proliferation, metastasis and resistance to therapy. Because of its upregulation in malignancy, survivin has currently attracting considerable interest as a new target for anticancer therapy. In a screening of approximately 200 strains of imperfect fungi for the production of inhibitors of survivin promoter activity, a new drimane sesquiterpene lactone, SF002-96-1, was isolated from fermentations of an Aspergillus species. The compound inhibited survivin promoter activity in transiently transfected Colo 320 cells in a dose dependent manner with IC50 values of 3.42 µM (1.3 µg/mL). Moreover, it also reduced mRNA levels and protein synthesis of survivin and triggered apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Felix
- Institute of Biotechnology and Drug Research (IBWF), Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 56, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Louis P Sandjo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10–14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10–14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerhard Erkel
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 23, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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181
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Resveratrol suppresses cell proliferation via inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation and Mcl-1 and cIAP-2 expression in HTLV-1-infected T cells. Leuk Res 2013; 37:1674-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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182
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Wang HQ, Jin JJ, Wang J. Arctigenin enhances chemosensitivity to cisplatin in human nonsmall lung cancer H460 cells through downregulation of survivin expression. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2013; 28:39-45. [PMID: 24395429 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Arctigenin, a dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan, enhances cisplatin-mediated cell apoptosis in cancer cells. Here, we sought to investigate the effects of arctigenin on cisplatin-treated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) H460 cells. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and annexin-V/propidium iodide staining were performed to analyze the proliferation and apoptosis of H460 cells. Arctigenin dose-dependently suppressed cell proliferation and potentiated cell apoptosis, coupled with increased cleavage of caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Moreover, arctigenin sensitized H460 cells to cisplatin-induced proliferation inhibition and apoptosis. Arctigenin alone or in combination with cisplatin had a significantly lower amount of survivin. Ectopic expression of survivin decreased cell apoptosis induced by arctigenin (P < 0.05) or in combination with cisplatin (P < 0.01). Moreover, arctigenin (P < 0.05) or in combination with cisplatin (P < 0.01) induced G1/G0 cell-cycle arrest. Our data provide evidence that arctigenin has a therapeutic potential in combina-tion with chemotherapeutic agents for NSLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-qin Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
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183
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de Poot SAH, Lai KW, van der Wal L, Plasman K, Van Damme P, Porter AC, Gevaert K, Bovenschen N. Granzyme M targets topoisomerase II alpha to trigger cell cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 2013; 21:416-26. [PMID: 24185622 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic lymphocyte protease granzyme M (GrM) is a potent inducer of tumor cell death. The apoptotic phenotype and mechanism by which it induces cell death, however, remain poorly understood and controversial. Here, we show that GrM-induced cell death was largely caspase-dependent with various hallmarks of classical apoptosis, coinciding with caspase-independent G2/M cell cycle arrest. Using positional proteomics in human tumor cells, we identified the nuclear enzyme topoisomerase II alpha (topoIIα) as a physiological substrate of GrM. Cleavage of topoIIα by GrM at Leu(1280) separated topoIIα functional domains from the nuclear localization signals, leading to nuclear exit of topoIIα catalytic activity, thereby rendering it nonfunctional. Similar to the apoptotic phenotype of GrM, topoIIα depletion in tumor cells led to cell cycle arrest in G2/M, mitochondrial perturbations, caspase activation, and apoptosis. We conclude that cytotoxic lymphocyte protease GrM targets topoIIα to trigger cell cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A H de Poot
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - K W Lai
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L van der Wal
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - K Plasman
- 1] Department of Medical Protein Research,VIB, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium [2] Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - P Van Damme
- 1] Department of Medical Protein Research,VIB, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium [2] Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - A C Porter
- Centre for Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - K Gevaert
- 1] Department of Medical Protein Research,VIB, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium [2] Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - N Bovenschen
- 1] Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands [2] Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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184
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Limonta D, Torrentes-Carvalho A, Marinho CF, de Azeredo EL, de Souza LJ, Motta-Castro ARC, da Cunha RV, Kubelka CF, Nogueira RMR, de-Oliveira-Pinto LM. Apoptotic mediators in patients with severe and non-severe dengue from Brazil. J Med Virol 2013; 86:1437-47. [PMID: 24170344 PMCID: PMC7167172 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite being the most significant arboviral disease worldwide, dengue has no antiviral treatment or reliable severity predictors. It has been shown that apoptotic cells from blood and tissues may be involved in the complex pathogenesis of dengue. However, very little is known about the interplay between proapoptotic and antiapoptotic mediators in this disease. Therefore, plasma levels of the three proapoptotic mediators Fas ligand (FasL), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and TNF‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) were measured in dengue patients. Patients were classified according to the World Health Organization classification of dengue revised in 2009. Additionally, inhibitors of apoptosis protein (IAPs) were determined in plasma (Survivin) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) lysates (cIAP‐1, cIAP‐2, XIAP). Levels of apoptotic proteins in plasma were correlated with counts of blood cells. FasL and TRAIL levels were elevated in dengue patients without warning signs when compared to patients with severe dengue and controls. Dengue patients with warning signs showed decreased levels of Survivin compared to patients with severe dengue and controls. TRAIL was inversely correlated with counts of lymphocyte subsets. In contrast, Survivin was positively correlated with leukocyte counts. There was a trend of elevated IAPs levels in PBMCs of patients with severe dengue. The results suggest a likely antiviral effect of TRAIL in dengue. It appears that TRAIL might be involved with apoptosis induction of lymphocytes, whereas IAPs might participate in protecting leukocytes from apoptosis. Further research is needed to explore the interactions between pro and antiapoptotic molecules and their implications in dengue pathogenesis. J. Med. Virol. 86:1437–1447, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Limonta
- Laboratório de Imunologia Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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185
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Selemetjev S, Dencic TI, Marecko I, Jankovic J, Paunovic I, Savin S, Cvejic D. Evaluation of survivin expression and its prognostic value in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2013; 210:30-4. [PMID: 24199968 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis protein, has been found in a variety of human cancers, and is associated with tumor aggressiveness. In this study, we analyzed the expression of survivin in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and evaluated its clinical significance for predicting an aggressive course of disease at the time of diagnosis. Survivin expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in 104 tissue specimens of PTC, confirmed by Western blot and correlated with clinicopathological parameters. Of the tumors examined, 74 (71.15%) showed high cytoplasmic survivin expression. There was no association between high survivin expression and age, gender or tumor size. On the other hand, it was closely correlated with the presence of lymph node metastasis (P=0.009), and there was a tendency for correlation with extrathyroidal invasion (P=0.062). The high risk PTC group (TNM stage III-IV) was associated with high levels of survivin (P=0.027). These results indicate that survivin is an unfavorable molecule for PTC prognosis, and that its high expression may indicate a subset of PTC patients with a more aggressive disease course. Evaluation of its expression in fine needle aspiration samples could be a useful tool for the identification of those PTC patients who require more extensive surgery, careful follow-up and therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Selemetjev
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy - INEP, University of Belgrade, 11080 Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana Isic Dencic
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy - INEP, University of Belgrade, 11080 Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ilona Marecko
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy - INEP, University of Belgrade, 11080 Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Jankovic
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy - INEP, University of Belgrade, 11080 Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Paunovic
- Centre for Endocrine Surgery, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Diseases of Metabolism, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Savin
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy - INEP, University of Belgrade, 11080 Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dubravka Cvejic
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy - INEP, University of Belgrade, 11080 Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia.
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186
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Fink MY, Chipuk JE. Survival of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Cells: Receptor Signaling to Apoptotic Control Centers. Genes Cancer 2013; 4:187-95. [PMID: 24069506 DOI: 10.1177/1947601913488598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
HER2 is overexpressed in a subset of breast cancers and controls an oncogenic signaling network that inhibits tumor cell death through the specific biochemical regulation of apoptotic pathways. In particular, the mitochondrial pathway for apoptosis is important for death induced by inhibitors of HER2. This review focuses on the connections between this oncogenic signaling network and individual components of the mitochondrial pathway. A comprehensive view of this signaling network is crucial for developing novel drugs in this area and to gain an understanding of how these regulatory interactions are altered in drug-refractory cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Y Fink
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Long Island University Post, Brookville, NY, USA
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187
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Park SH, Park SJ, Kim JO, Shin JH, Kim ES, Jo YK, Kim JS, Park SJ, Jin DH, Hwang JJ, Lee SJ, Jeong SY, Lee C, Kim I, Cho DH. Down-Regulation of Survivin by Nemadipine-A Sensitizes Cancer Cells to TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2013; 21:29-34. [PMID: 24009855 PMCID: PMC3762295 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2012.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor family of cytokines. TRAIL selectively induces apoptotic cell death in various tumors and cancer cells, but it has little or no toxicity in normal cells. Agonism of TRAIL receptors has been considered to be a valuable cancer-therapeutic strategy. However, more than 85% of primary tumors are resistant to TRAIL, emphasizing the importance of investigating how to overcome TRAIL resistance. In this report, we have found that nemadipine-A, a cell-permeable L-type calcium channel inhibitor, sensitizes TRAIL-resistant cancer cells to this ligand. Combination treatments using TRAIL with nemadipine-A synergistically induced both the caspase cascade and apoptotic cell death, which were blocked by a pan caspase inhibitor (zVAD) but not by autophagy or a necrosis inhibitor. We further found that nemadipine-A, either alone or in combination with TRAIL, notably reduced the expression of survivin, an inhibitor of the apoptosis protein (IAP) family of proteins. Depletion of survivin by small RNA interference (siRNA) resulted in increased cell death and caspase activation by TRAIL treatment. These results suggest that nemadipine-A potentiates TRAIL-induced apoptosis by down-regulation of survivin expression in TRAIL resistant cells. Thus, combination of TRAIL with nemadipine-A may serve a new therapeutic scheme for the treatment of TRAIL resistant cancer cells, suggesting that a detailed study of this combination would be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Ho Park
- Ilsong Institute for Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang 431-060, Republic of Korea
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188
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Jobst-Schwan T, Knaup KX, Nielsen R, Hackenbeck T, Buettner-Herold M, Lechler P, Kroening S, Goppelt-Struebe M, Schloetzer-Schrehardt U, Fürnrohr BG, Voll RE, Amann K, Eckardt KU, Christensen EI, Wiesener MS. Renal uptake of the antiapoptotic protein survivin is mediated by megalin at the apical membrane of the proximal tubule. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 305:F734-44. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00546.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibitor of apoptosis protein survivin is a bifunctional molecule that regulates cellular division and survival. We have previously shown that survivin protein can be found at high concentrations in the adult kidney, particularly in the proximal tubules. Here, survivin is localized primarily at the apical membrane, a pattern that may indicate absorption of the protein. Several proteins in primary urine are internalized by megalin, an endocytosis receptor, which is in principle found in the same localization as survivin. Immunolabeling for survivin in different species confirmed survivin signal localizing to the apical membrane of the proximal tubule. Immunoelectron microscopy also showed apical localization of survivin in human kidneys. Furthermore, in polarized human primary tubular cells endogenous as well as external recombinant survivin is stored in the apical region of the cells. Costaining of survivin and megalin by immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy confirmed colocalization. Finally, by surface plasmon resonance we were able to demonstrate that survivin binds megalin and cubilin and that megalin knockout mice lose survivin through the urine. Survivin accumulates at the apical membrane of the renal tubule by reuptake, which is achieved by the endocytic receptor megalin, collaborating with cubilin. For this to occur, survivin will have to circulate in the blood and be filtered into the primary urine. It is not known at this stage what the functional role of tubular survivin is. However, a small number of experimental and clinical reports implicate that renal survivin is important for functional integrity of the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Jobst-Schwan
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl X. Knaup
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rikke Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Hackenbeck
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Lechler
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Location Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sven Kroening
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | - Barbara G. Fürnrohr
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Reinhard E. Voll
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology and Centre of Chronic Immunodeficiency, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; and
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Michael S. Wiesener
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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189
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Cummins NW, Badley AD. Anti-apoptotic mechanisms of HIV: lessons and novel approaches to curing HIV. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:3355-63. [PMID: 23275944 PMCID: PMC3753464 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Revised: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Past efforts at curing infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been blocked by the resistance of some infected cells to viral cytopathic effects and the associated development of a latent viral reservoir. Furthermore, current efforts to clear the viral reservoir by means of reactivating latent virus are hampered by the lack of cell death in the newly productively infected cells. The purpose of this review is to describe the many anti-apoptotic mechanisms of HIV, as well as the current limitations in the field. Only by understanding how infected cells avoid HIV-induced cell death can an effective strategy to kill infected cells be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan W Cummins
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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190
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Wadegaonkar VP, Wadegaonkar PA. Withanone as an inhibitor of survivin: a potential drug candidate for cancer therapy. J Biotechnol 2013; 168:229-33. [PMID: 23994265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Survivin, the smallest inhibitor of apoptosis protein, which has been reported to be highly expressed in almost all known cancers, plays a dual role in survival as well as the proliferation of cancer cells. It inhibits apoptosis by inhibiting caspases as well as facilitating mitosis by becoming a part of chromosomal passenger complex through its BIR5 domain. Docking studies carried out with herbal ligand withanone derived from roots of Withania somnifera have shown strong binding affinity of -19.1088 kJ/mol with BIR5 domain of survivin and in turn interferes with inhibitory action against caspases and may lead to apoptosis. Binding of withanone at BIR5 domain of survivin may also interfere with chromosomal passenger complex and lead to halt the mitotic process within the cancer cell. Docking studies support various experimental outcomes and suggest withanone as a potential candidate molecule in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha P Wadegaonkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, India
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191
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Zhu H, Pytel P, Gomez CM. Selective inhibition of caspases in skeletal muscle reverses the apoptotic synaptic degeneration in slow-channel myasthenic syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:69-77. [PMID: 23943790 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow-channel syndrome (SCS) is a congenital myasthenic disorder caused by point mutations in subunits of skeletal muscle acetylcholine receptor leading to Ca(2+) overload and degeneration of the postsynaptic membrane, nuclei and mitochondria of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). In both SCS muscle biopsies and transgenic mouse models for SCS (mSCS), the endplate regions are shrunken, and there is evidence of DNA damage in the subsynaptic region. Activated caspase-9, -3 and -7 are intensely co-localized at the NMJ, and the Ca(2+)-activated protease, calpain, and the atypical cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk5) are overactivated in mSCS. Thus, the true mediator(s) of the disease process is not clear. Here, we demonstrate that selective inhibition of effector caspases, caspase-3 and -7, or initiator caspase, caspase-9, in limb muscle in vivo by localized expression of recombinant inhibitor proteins dramatically decreases subsynaptic DNA damage, increases endplate area and improves ultrastructural abnormalities in SCS transgenic mice. Calpain and Cdk5 are not affected by this treatment. On the other hand, inhibition of Cdk5 by expression of a dominant-negative form of Cdk5 has no effect on the degeneration. Together with previous studies, these results indicate that focal activation of caspase activity at the NMJ is the principal pathological process responsible for the synaptic apoptosis in SCS. Thus, treatments that reduce muscle caspase activity are likely to be of benefit for SCS patients.
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192
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Nogueira-Ferreira R, Vitorino R, Ferreira-Pinto MJ, Ferreira R, Henriques-Coelho T. Exploring the role of post-translational modifications on protein-protein interactions with survivin. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 538:64-70. [PMID: 23938875 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family with crucial roles in apoptosis and cell cycle regulation. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) have a ubiquitous role in the regulation of a diverse range of proteins' cellular functions and survivin is not an exception. Phosphorylation, acetylation and ubiquitination seem to regulate survivin anti-apoptotic and mitotic roles and also its nuclear localization. In the present review we explore the role of PTMs on protein-protein interactions focused on survivin to provide new insights into the functions and cell localization of this IAP in pathophysiological conditions, which might help the envisioning of novel targeted therapies for diseases characterized by impaired survivin activity. Protein-protein interaction analysis was performed with bioinformatics tools based on published data aiming to give an integrated perspective of this IAP's role in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Nogueira-Ferreira
- QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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193
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Yun SM, Jeong SJ, Kim JH, Jung JH, Lee HJ, Sohn EJ, Lee MH, Kim SH. Activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase mediates tanshinone IIA-induced apoptosis in KBM-5 chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2013; 36:208-14. [PMID: 23370352 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b12-00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aim of this study was to identify the molecular mechanisms of tanshinone IIA-induced apoptosis in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells. Cytotoxicity of tanshinone IIA was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Our data demonstrate that tanshinone IIA induced apoptosis by increasing the sub-G1 DNA contents and DNA fragmentation in KBM-5 CML cell line. In addition, tanshinone IIA significantly reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mediated cytochrome c release from mitochondria and activated caspase-3 and 9, indicating mitochondria-dependent apoptosis by tanshinone IIA. Tanshinone IIA attenuated expression of several apoptosis-related proteins such as c-inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) 2, Mcl-1(L) and Bcl-2. Interestingly, although tanshinone IIA notably enhanced the phosphorylation of both c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) and p38, JNK inhibitor, but not p38 inhibitor, reversed tanshinone IIA-induced apoptosis. Our findings suggest that tanshinone IIA induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis via activation of JNK in KBM 5 cells as a potent anti-cancer agent for CML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Mi Yun
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130–701, Republic of Korea
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194
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Acquati S, Greco A, Licastro D, Bhagat H, Ceric D, Rossini Z, Grieve J, Shaked-Rabi M, Henriquez NV, Brandner S, Stupka E, Marino S. Epigenetic regulation of survivin by Bmi1 is cell type specific during corticogenesis and in gliomas. Stem Cells 2013; 31:190-202. [PMID: 23132836 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polycomb group proteins are essential regulators of stem cell function during embryonic development and in adult tissue homeostasis. Bmi1, a key component of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 1, is highly expressed in undifferentiated neural stem cells (NSC) as well as in several human cancers including high-grade gliomas--highly aggressive brain tumors. Using a conditional gene activation approach in mice, we show that overexpression of Bmi1 induces repressive epigenetic regulation of the promoter of Survivin, a well-characterized antiapoptotic protein. This phenomenon is cell type-specific and it leads to apoptotic death of progenitor cells exclusively upon commitment toward a neuronal fate. Moreover, we show that this is triggered by increased oxidative stress-induced DNA damage. In contrast, undifferentiated NSC as well as glioma-initiating cells display an open chromatin configuration at the Survivin promoter and do not undergo apoptotic death. These findings raise the possibility that normal and neoplastic stem cells depend on the same mechanism for surviving the hyperproliferative state induced by increased Bmi1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Acquati
- Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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195
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LEE JOONWOO, PARK CHEOL, HAN MINHO, HONG SUHYUN, LEE TAEKYUNG, LEE SHINHWA, KIM GIYOUNG, CHOI YUNGHYUN. Induction of human leukemia U937 cell apoptosis by an ethanol extract of Dendropanax morbifera Lev. through the caspase-dependent pathway. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:1231-8. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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196
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Pintus F, Floris G, Rufini A. Nutrient availability links mitochondria, apoptosis, and obesity. Aging (Albany NY) 2013; 4:734-41. [PMID: 23211444 PMCID: PMC3560440 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the dominant source of the cellular energy requirements through oxidative phosphorylation, but they are also central players in apoptosis. Nutrient availability may have been the main evolutionary driving force behind these opposite mitochondrial functions: production of energy to sustain life and release of apoptotic proteins to trigger cell death. Here, we explore the link between nutrients, mitochondria and apoptosis with known and potential implications for age-related decline and metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pintus
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit/University of Leicester, LE1 1QH, Leicester UK
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197
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Al-Khalaf HH, Aboussekhra A. Survivin expression increases during aging and enhances the resistance of aged human fibroblasts to genotoxic stress. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:549-562. [PMID: 22252435 PMCID: PMC3636406 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Survivin, an important anti-apoptotic protein, is highly expressed in most cancers, which generally arise in cells of older individuals. We have shown here accumulation of survivin and phospho-survivin in aged normal human skin fibroblasts and mice organs. This age-related accumulation of survivin was due to protein stabilization through association with the molecular chaperone Hsp90 protein, which was also up-regulated during aging. Interestingly, Hsp90 binds preferentially to phospho-survivin, which explains its higher stability. In addition, we provide clear evidence that aged cells exhibit apoptosis resistance when challenged with UV light, cisplatin, γ-rays or H2O2 as compared to their younger counterparts. In response to γ-rays and H2O2, the levels of Bcl-2 and both forms of survivin were up-regulated in old cells, but not in their corresponding young ones. This repression of survivin and phospho-survivin in young cells is p53 dependent. Importantly, survivin inhibition/down-regulation with flavopiridol or specific shRNAs increased the apoptotic response of old fibroblasts to various genotoxic agents, and restored the pro-apoptotic Bax/Bcl2 ratio and the increase in the levels of cleaved caspase-3 and PARP in old cells. These results show the role of survivin in the age-dependent resistance of human fibroblasts, and provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms that underlie the complex relationship between aging, apoptosis, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda H. Al-Khalaf
- Department of Biological and Medical Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC #03-66, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelilah Aboussekhra
- Department of Biological and Medical Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC #03-66, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
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198
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Simon-Keller K, Paschen A, Hombach AA, Ströbel P, Coindre JM, Eichmüller SB, Vincent A, Gattenlöhner S, Hoppe F, Leuschner I, Stegmaier S, Koscielniak E, Leverkus M, Altieri DC, Abken H, Marx A. Survivin blockade sensitizes rhabdomyosarcoma cells for lysis by fetal acetylcholine receptor-redirected T cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 182:2121-31. [PMID: 23562272 PMCID: PMC5746952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cellular immunotherapy may provide a strategy to overcome the poor prognosis of metastatic and recurrent rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) under the current regimen of polychemotherapy. Because little is known about resistance mechanisms of RMS to cytotoxic T cells, we investigated RMS cell lines and biopsy specimens for expression and function of immune costimulatory receptors and anti-apoptotic molecules by RT-PCR, Western blot analysis, IHC, and cytotoxicity assays using siRNA or transfection-modified RMS cell lines, together with engineered RMS-directed cytotoxic T cells specific for the fetal acetylcholine receptor. We found that costimulatory CD80 and CD86 were consistently absent from all RMSs tested, whereas inducible T-cell co-stimulator ligand (ICOS-L; alias B7H2) was expressed by a subset of RMSs and was inducible by tumor necrosis factor α in two of five RMS cell lines. Anti-apoptotic survivin, along with other inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family members (cIAP1, cIAP2, and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein), was overexpressed by RMS cell lines and biopsy specimens. Down-regulation of survivin by siRNA or pharmacologically in RMS cells increased their susceptibility toward a T-cell attack, whereas induction of ICOS-L did not. Treatment of RMS-bearing Rag(-/-) mice with fetal acetylcholine receptor-specific chimeric T cells delayed xenograft growth; however, this happened without definitive tumor eradication. Combined blockade of survivin and application of chimeric T cells in vivo suppressed tumor proliferation during survivin inhibition. In conclusion, survivin blockade provides a strategy to sensitize RMS cells for T-cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Simon-Keller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Annette Paschen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas A. Hombach
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, and the Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Ströbel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Stefan B. Eichmüller
- Department of Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Vincent
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Florian Hoppe
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Leuschner
- Section for Pediatric Pathology, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Leverkus
- Section for Molecular Dermatology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dario C. Altieri
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hinrich Abken
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, and the Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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199
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Williams EL, Dunn SN, James S, Johnson PW, Cragg MS, Glennie MJ, Gray JC. Immunomodulatory monoclonal antibodies combined with peptide vaccination provide potent immunotherapy in an aggressive murine neuroblastoma model. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:3545-55. [PMID: 23649004 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-3226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neuroblastoma is one of the commonest extracranial tumors of childhood. The majority of patients present with metastatic disease for which outcome remains poor. Immunotherapy is an attractive therapeutic approach for this disease, and a number of neuroblastoma tumor antigens have been identified. Here, we examine the therapeutic potential of combining immunomodulatory monoclonal antibodies (mAb) with peptide vaccination in murine neuroblastoma models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Neuroblastoma-bearing mice were treated with mAb targeting 4-1BB, CD40, and CTLA-4 alone, or in combination with a peptide derived from the tumor antigen survivin (GWEDPPNDI). Survivin-specific immune response and therapeutic efficacy were assessed. RESULTS In the Neuro2a model, treatment of established tumor with anti-4-1BB, anti-CD40, or anti-CTLA-4 mAb results in tumor regression and long-term survival in 40% to 60% of mice. This is dependent on natural killer (NK) and CD8(+) T cells and is associated with tumor CD8(+) lymphocyte infiltrate. Successful therapy is achieved only if mAb is given to mice once tumors are established, suggesting dependence on sufficient tumor to provide antigen. In the more aggressive AgN2a and NXS2 models, single-agent mAb therapy provides ineffective therapy. However, if mAb (anti-CTLA-4) is given in conjunction with survivin peptide vaccination, then 60% long-term survival is achieved. This is associated with the generation of survivin-specific T-cell immunity, which again is only shown in the presence of tumor antigen. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the combination of antigen and costimulatory mAb may provide effective immunotherapy against neuroblastoma and may be of particular use in the minimal residual disease setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Williams
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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200
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Song K, Shankar E, Yang J, Bane KL, Wahdan-Alaswad R, Danielpour D. Critical role of a survivin/TGF-β/mTORC1 axis in IGF-I-mediated growth of prostate epithelial cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61896. [PMID: 23658701 PMCID: PMC3641055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin is a unique member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins that is overexpressed in numerous cancers through poorly defined mechanisms. One such mechanism may be through constitutive activation of the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) signaling pathway, implicated in the development and progression of prostate cancer. Using the pre-neoplastic NRP-152 rat prostate cell line as a model, we showed that IGF-I induces Survivin expression, and that silencing Survivin by lentiviral-mediated small hairpin RNA (shRNA) represses IGF-I-stimulated cell growth, implicating Survivin as a mediator of this growth response. Moreover, our data support that the induction of Survivin by IGF-I occurs through a transcriptional mechanism that is mediated in part by the PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 pathway. Use of various Survivin promoter-luciferase constructs revealed that the CDE and CHR response elements in the proximal region of the Survivin promoter are involved in this IGF-I response. Transforming growth factor (TGF-β) signaling antagonists similarly activated the Surivin promoter and rendered cells refractory to further promoter activation by IGF-I. IGF-I suppressed levels of phospho-Smads 2 and 3 with kinetics similar to that of Survivin induction. Suppression of TGF-β signaling, either by TGF-β receptor kinase inhibitors or by silencing Smads 2 and 3, induced Survivin expression and promoted cell growth similar to that induced by IGF-I. TGF-β receptor antagonists also rescued cells from down-regulation of Survivin expression and growth suppression by pharmacological inhibitors of PI3K, Akt, MEK and mTOR. Sh-RNA gene silencing studies suggest that mTORC1 induces while mTORC2 represses the expression of Survivin by IGF-I. Taken together, these results suggest that IGF-I signaling through a PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 mechanism elevates expression of Survivin and promotes growth of prostate epithelial cells by suppressing Smad-dependent autocrine TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Song
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center Research Laboratories, The Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Eswar Shankar
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center Research Laboratories, The Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jiayi Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kara L. Bane
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center Research Laboratories, The Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Reema Wahdan-Alaswad
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - David Danielpour
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center Research Laboratories, The Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
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