151
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Lafitte M, Lecointre C, Roche S. Roles of exosomes in metastatic colorectal cancer. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C869-C880. [PMID: 31291143 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00218.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Metastases remain a major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. This is a multistep process that involves aberrant cell communication, leading to tumor cell dissemination from the primary tumor and colonization of distinct organs for secondary tumor formation. The mechanisms promoting this pathological process are not fully understood, although they may be of obvious therapeutic interest. Exosomes are small cell-secreted vesicles that contain a large variety of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids with important signaling activities, and that represent an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for cell-to-cell communication. Not surprisingly, exosome activities have gained strong interest in cancer biology and might play essential roles in metastasis development. Here, we will describe recent findings on the role of exosomes in cancer metastasis formation, particularly in colorectal cancer (CRC). We will also discuss the potential therapeutic value of these vesicles in metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Lafitte
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Lecointre
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France
| | - Serge Roche
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France
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152
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de Looff M, de Jong S, Kruyt FAE. Multiple Interactions Between Cancer Cells and the Tumor Microenvironment Modulate TRAIL Signaling: Implications for TRAIL Receptor Targeted Therapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1530. [PMID: 31333662 PMCID: PMC6617985 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) signaling is far more complex than initially anticipated and can lead to either anti- or protumorigenic effects, hampering the successful clinical use of therapeutic TRAIL receptor agonists. Cell autonomous resistance mechanisms have been identified in addition to paracrine factors that can modulate apoptosis sensitivity. The tumor microenvironment (TME), consisting of cellular and non-cellular components, is a source for multiple signals that are able to modulate TRAIL signaling in tumor and stromal cells. Particularly immune effector cells, also part of the TME, employ the TRAIL/TRAIL-R system whereby cell surface expressed TRAIL can activate apoptosis via TRAIL receptors on tumor cells, which is part of tumor immune surveillance. In this review we aim to dissect the impact of the TME on signaling induced by endogenous and exogenous/therapeutic TRAIL, thereby distinguishing different components of the TME such as immune effector cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and non-hematopoietic stromal cells. In addition, also non-cellular biochemical and biophysical properties of the TME are considered including mechanical stress, acidity, hypoxia, and glucose deprivation. Available literature thus far indicates that tumor-TME interactions are complex and often bidirectional leading to tumor-enhancing or tumor-reducing effects in a tumor model- and tumor type-dependent fashion. Multiple signals originating from different components of the TME simultaneously affect TRAIL receptor signaling. We conclude that in order to unleash the full clinical potential of TRAIL receptor agonists it will be necessary to increase our understanding of the contribution of different TME components on outcome of therapeutic TRAIL receptor activation in order to identify the most critical mechanism responsible for resistance, allowing the design of effective combination treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot de Looff
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Steven de Jong
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Frank A E Kruyt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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153
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Chiabotto G, Gai C, Deregibus MC, Camussi G. Salivary Extracellular Vesicle-Associated exRNA as Cancer Biomarker. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070891. [PMID: 31247906 PMCID: PMC6679099 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted in biological fluids contain several transcripts of the cell of origin, which may modify the functions and phenotype of proximal and distant cells. Cancer-derived EVs may promote a favorable microenvironment for cancer growth and invasion by acting on stroma and endothelial cells and may favor metastasis formation. The transcripts contained in cancer EVs may be exploited as biomarkers. Protein and extracellular RNA (exRNA) profiling in patient bio-fluids, such as blood and urine, was performed to identify molecular features with potential diagnostic and prognostic values. EVs are concentrated in saliva, and salivary EVs are particularly enriched in exRNAs. Several studies were focused on salivary EVs for the detection of biomarkers either of non-oral or oral cancers. The present paper provides an overview of the available studies on the diagnostic potential of exRNA profiling in salivary EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Chiabotto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy.
| | - Chiara Gai
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy.
| | - Maria Chiara Deregibus
- i3T Business Incubator and Technology Transfer, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy.
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154
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Osaki M, Okada F. Exosomes and Their Role in Cancer Progression. Yonago Acta Med 2019; 62:182-190. [PMID: 31320822 DOI: 10.33160/yam.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles and their size is approximately 100 nm in diameter. They are surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and secreted from almost all of cells. Exosomes are generated within the endocytic system as ILV (intraluminal membrane vesicle) and secreted during the fusion of MVB (multivesicular body) with the cell membrane. Recently it has been reported that exosomes modulate cell-cell communication contributing to the maintenance of tissue homeostasis by molecules including exosomes. Moreover, exosomes released from cancer cells are involved in cancer progression. Thus, data regarding the role of the exosomes in malignant cancer will lead to development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiko Osaki
- Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.,Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Futoshi Okada
- Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.,Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
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155
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Mannavola F, Salerno T, Passarelli A, Tucci M, Internò V, Silvestris F. Revisiting the Role of Exosomes in Colorectal Cancer: Where Are We Now?. Front Oncol 2019; 9:521. [PMID: 31275854 PMCID: PMC6593071 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes (Exos) are nano-sized extracellular vesicles constitutively released by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Their role as inter-cellular messengers involved in both physiological and pathological processes has overwhelmingly come to light in the last decade, and their contribution to cancerogenesis and tumor metastasis is under intensive investigation. Here we review the most recent information concerning Exos in colorectal cancer (CRC) and focus on their effects on tumor microenvironment and the immune system, as well as unravel their role in the formation of the pre-metastatic niche and in drug resistance. Such a recent knowledge on Exos depicts their potential translations into the clinical arena, either as an alternative tool of “liquid biopsy” or novel therapeutic approaches for CRC. However, due to the limited data available from clinical trials, they need further validations before addressing their putative application in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mannavola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Tina Salerno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Passarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Tucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Valeria Internò
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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156
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Bodega G, Alique M, Puebla L, Carracedo J, Ramírez RM. Microvesicles: ROS scavengers and ROS producers. J Extracell Vesicles 2019; 8:1626654. [PMID: 31258880 PMCID: PMC6586107 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1626654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review analyzes the relationship between microvesicles and reactive oxygen species (ROS). This relationship is bidirectional; on the one hand, the number and content of microvesicles produced by the cells are affected by oxidative stress conditions; on the other hand, microvesicles can directly and/or indirectly modify the ROS content in the extra- as well as the intracellular compartments. In this regard, microvesicles contain a pro-oxidant or antioxidant machinery that may produce or scavenge ROS: direct effect. This mechanism is especially suitable for eliminating ROS in the extracellular compartment. Endothelial microvesicles, in particular, contain a specific and well-developed antioxidant machinery. On the other hand, the molecules included in microvesicles can modify (activate or inhibit) ROS metabolism in their target cells: indirect effect. This can be achieved by the incorporation into the cells of ROS metabolic enzymes included in the microvesicles, or by the regulation of signaling pathways involved in ROS metabolism. Proteins, as well as miRNAs, are involved in this last effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bodega
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - M Alique
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - L Puebla
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - J Carracedo
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - R M Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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157
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Hu W, Wang G, Huang D, Sui M, Xu Y. Cancer Immunotherapy Based on Natural Killer Cells: Current Progress and New Opportunities. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1205. [PMID: 31214177 PMCID: PMC6554437 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has been firmly established as a new milestone for cancer therapy, with the development of multiple immune cells as therapeutic tools. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells endowed with potent cytolytic activity against tumors, and meanwhile act as regulatory cells for the immune system. The efficacy of NK cell-mediated immunotherapy can be enhanced by immune stimulants such as cytokines and antibodies, and adoptive transfer of activated NK cells expanded ex vivo. In addition, NK cells can arm themselves with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which may greatly enhance their anti-tumor activity. Most recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from NK cells show promising anti-tumor effects in preclinical studies. Herein, we carefully review the current progress in these NK cell-based immunotherapeutic strategies (NK cells combined with stimulants, adoptive transfer of NK cells, CAR-NK cells, and NK EVs) for the treatment of cancers, and discussed the challenges and opportunities for opening a new horizon for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilei Hu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guosheng Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- Department of Surgery & Clinical Research Institute of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Center for Cancer Biology and Innovative Therapeutics, Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meihua Sui
- Department of Surgery & Clinical Research Institute of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Center for Cancer Biology and Innovative Therapeutics, Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yibing Xu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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158
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Siveen KS, Raza A, Ahmed EI, Khan AQ, Prabhu KS, Kuttikrishnan S, Mateo JM, Zayed H, Rasul K, Azizi F, Dermime S, Steinhoff M, Uddin S. The Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Modulators of the Tumor Microenvironment, Metastasis and Drug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060746. [PMID: 31146452 PMCID: PMC6628238 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality rates. A number of factors including modulation of the tumor microenvironment, high metastatic capability, and resistance to treatment have been associated with CRC disease progression. Recent studies have documented that tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a significant role in intercellular communication in CRC via transfer of cargo lipids, proteins, DNA and RNAs to the recipient tumor cells. This transfer influences a number of immune-related pathways leading to activation/differentiation/expression of immune cells and modulation of the tumor microenvironment that plays a significant role in CRC progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Furthermore, tumor-derived EVs are secreted in large amounts in biological fluids of CRC patients and as such the expression analysis of EV cargoes have been associated with prognosis or response to therapy and may be a source of therapeutic targets. This review aims to provide a comprehensive insight into the role of EVs in the modulation of the tumor microenvironment and its effects on CRC progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. On the other hand, the potential role of CRC derived EVs as a source of biomarkers of response and therapeutic targets will be discussed in detail to understand the dynamic role of EVs in CRC diagnosis, treatment, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodappully S Siveen
- Academic Health System, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Afsheen Raza
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Eiman I Ahmed
- Academic Health System, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Abdul Q Khan
- Academic Health System, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Kirti S Prabhu
- Academic Health System, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- Academic Health System, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Jericha M Mateo
- Academic Health System, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Hatem Zayed
- College of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar.
| | - Kakil Rasul
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Fouad Azizi
- Academic Health System, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Said Dermime
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Academic Health System, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
- Department of Dermatology Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
- Weill Cornell-Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 24811, Qatar.
- Weill Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Academic Health System, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
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159
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Nagano T, Katsurada M, Dokuni R, Hazama D, Kiriu T, Umezawa K, Kobayashi K, Nishimura Y. Crucial Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Bronchial Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102589. [PMID: 31137771 PMCID: PMC6566667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are circulating vesicles secreted by various cell types. EVs are classified into three groups according to size, structural components, and generation process of vesicles: exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. Recently, EVs have been considered to be crucial for cell-to-cell communications and homeostasis because they contain intracellular proteins and nucleic acids. Epithelial cells from mice suffering from bronchial asthma (BA) secrete more EVs and suppress inflammation-induced EV production. Moreover, microarray analyses of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid have revealed that several microRNAs are useful novel biomarkers of BA. Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived EVs are possible candidates of novel BA therapy. In this review, we highlight the biologic roles of EVs in BA and review novel EV-targeted therapy to help understanding by clinicians and biologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Nagano
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Katsurada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Ryota Dokuni
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Hazama
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Tatsunori Kiriu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Kanoko Umezawa
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Kazuyuki Kobayashi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Nishimura
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
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160
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Berguetti T, Quintaes LSP, Hancio T, Robaina MC, Cruz ALS, Maia RC, de Souza PS. TNF-α Modulates P-Glycoprotein Expression and Contributes to Cellular Proliferation via Extracellular Vesicles. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050500. [PMID: 31137684 PMCID: PMC6562596 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (Pgp/ABCB1) overexpression is associated with multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype and, consequently, failure in cancer chemotherapy. However, molecules involved in cell death deregulation may also support MDR. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is an important cytokine that may trigger either death or tumor growth. Here, we examined the role of cancer cells in self-maintenance and promotion of cellular malignancy through the transport of Pgp and TNF-α molecules by extracellular vesicles (membrane microparticles (MP)). By using a classical MDR model in vitro, we identified a positive correlation between endogenous TNF-α and Pgp, which possibly favored a non-cytotoxic effect of recombinant TNF-α (rTNF-α). We also found a positive feedback involving rTNF-α incubation and TNF-α regulation. On the other hand, rTNF-α induced a reduction in Pgp expression levels and contributed to a reduced Pgp efflux function. Our results also showed that parental and MDR cells spontaneously released MP containing endogenous TNF-α and Pgp. However, these MP were unable to transfer their content to non-cancer recipient cells. Nevertheless, MP released from parental and MDR cells elevated the proliferation index of non-tumor cells. Collectively, our results suggest that Pgp and endogenous TNF-α positively regulate cancer cell malignancy and contribute to changes in normal cell behavior through MP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tandressa Berguetti
- Laboratório de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Strictu Sensu em Oncologia, INCA, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil.
| | - Lucas S P Quintaes
- Laboratório de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil.
| | - Thais Hancio
- Laboratório de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Strictu Sensu em Oncologia, INCA, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil.
| | - Marcela C Robaina
- Laboratório de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil.
| | - André L S Cruz
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia, Polo Novo Cavaleiros, Campus UFRJ-Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil.
| | - Raquel C Maia
- Laboratório de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil.
| | - Paloma Silva de Souza
- Laboratório de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil.
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161
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Bruno S, Chiabotto G, Favaro E, Deregibus MC, Camussi G. Role of extracellular vesicles in stem cell biology. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C303-C313. [PMID: 31091143 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00129.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles carrying proteins, nucleic acids, and bioactive lipids of the cell of origin. These vesicles released within the extracellular space and entering into the circulation may transfer their cargo to neighboring or distant cells and induce phenotypical and functional changes that may be relevant in several physiopathological conditions. In an attempt to define the biological properties of EVs, several investigations have focused on their cargo and on the effects elicited in recipient cells. EVs have been involved in modulation of tumor microenvironment and behavior, as well as in the immune and inflammatory response. In the present review, we address the paracrine action of EVs released by stem cells and their potential involvement in the activation of regenerative programs in injured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Bruno
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Chiabotto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrica Favaro
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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162
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Lanyu Z, Feilong H. Emerging role of extracellular vesicles in lung injury and inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 113:108748. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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163
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Sowy S, Rutter CR, Jeffery U. Extracellular vesicle concentration and procoagulant activity of canine haemoperitoneum fluid and packed red blood cells. J Small Anim Pract 2019; 60:423-429. [PMID: 31025382 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the concentration of phosphatidylserine-positive extracellular vesicles and phosphatidylserine-derived procoagulant activity of canine haemoperitoneum fluids and packed red blood cell units. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten dogs with haemoperitoneum (neoplasia = 7; trauma = 1; other = 2) were recruited, and five non-leukoreduced packed red blood cell units purchased. Supernatants were collected from haemoperitoneum samples and packed red blood cell units using a consistent centrifugation protocol. Phosphatidylserine-positive extracellular vesicle concentrations were measured by flow cytometry and phosphatidylserine-mediated procoagulant activity by a commercial thrombin generation assay. RESULTS Phosphatidylserine-mediated procoagulant activity was significantly higher for supernatants collected from packed red blood cell units (median 54 nM, range 53 to 60 nM) than haemoperitoneum samples (median 43 nM; range 7 to 51 nM; P = 0.0007). By flow cytometry, the concentration of phosphatidylserine-positive extracellular vesicles was not significantly different between packed red blood cell (median: 415/μL, range 173 to 1331/μL) and haemoperitoneum samples (median: 314/μL, range 132 to 3880/μL; P = 0.77). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study does not suggest that shed abdominal blood contains more extracellular vesicles with phosphatidylserine-mediated procoagulant activity than donor packed red blood cell units. Clinical studies to compare the effects of autologous transfusion of shed abdominal blood and packed red blood cell units on coagulation status and clinical outcome are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sowy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - C R Rutter
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - U Jeffery
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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164
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Effects of Microvesicles on Cell Apoptosis under Hypoxia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5972152. [PMID: 31178970 PMCID: PMC6501227 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5972152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia, as one of the severe cellular stresses, can cause cellular injury and even cell death. Apoptosis is the main mechanism of regulating cell death and is closely related to the cell death caused by hypoxia. However, hypoxia-induced apoptosis is not entirely the result of direct hypoxic stimulus of cells. In recent years, it has been found that cells injured by hypoxia can shed a kind of membranous vesicles, which are called microvesicles (MVs). MVs can carry bioactive molecules from injured mother cells and appear in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and other body fluids. MVs can induce normal cell apoptosis by transferring bioactive molecules into adjacent cells and amplifying the hypoxic injury in an organism. This review summarizes the characteristic changes of MVs derived from hypoxic cells and the mechanism of normal cell apoptosis mediated by hypoxic cell-derived MVs. Finally, we introduce the significance of this apoptosis-apoptosis cascade reaction in hypoxic diseases.
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165
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Maacha S, Bhat AA, Jimenez L, Raza A, Haris M, Uddin S, Grivel JC. Extracellular vesicles-mediated intercellular communication: roles in the tumor microenvironment and anti-cancer drug resistance. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:55. [PMID: 30925923 PMCID: PMC6441157 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-0965-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment represents a complex network, in which tumor cells not only communicate with each other but also with stromal and immune cells. Current research has demonstrated the vital role of the tumor microenvironment in supporting tumor phenotype via a sophisticated system of intercellular communication through direct cell-to-cell contact or by classical paracrine signaling loops of cytokines or growth factors. Recently, extracellular vesicles have emerged as an important mechanism of cellular interchange of bioactive molecules. Extracellular vesicles isolated from tumor and stromal cells have been implicated in various steps of tumor progression, such as proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. Inhibition of extracellular vesicles secretion, and thus of the transfer of oncogenic molecules, holds promise for preventing tumor growth and drug resistance. This review focuses on the role of extracellular vesicles in modulating the tumor microenvironment by addressing different aspects of the bidirectional interactions among tumor and tumor-associated cells. The contribution of extracellular vesicles to drug resistance will also be discussed as well as therapeutic strategies targeting extracellular vesicles production for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Maacha
- Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, PO BOX 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, PO BOX 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lizandra Jimenez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Afsheen Raza
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, PO BOX 26999, Doha, Qatar.,Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jean-Charles Grivel
- Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, PO BOX 26999, Doha, Qatar.
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166
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Steinbichler TB, Dudás J, Skvortsov S, Ganswindt U, Riechelmann H, Skvortsova II. Therapy resistance mediated by exosomes. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:58. [PMID: 30925921 PMCID: PMC6441190 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-0970-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapy resistance can arise within tumor cells because of genetic or phenotypic changes (intrinsic resistance), or it can be the result of an interaction with the tumor microenvironment (extrinsic resistance). Exosomes are membranous vesicles 40 to 100 nm in diameter constitutively released by almost all cell types, and mediate cell-to-cell communication by transferring mRNAs, miRNAs, DNAs and proteins causing extrinsic therapy resistance. They transfer therapy resistance by anti-apoptotic signalling, increased DNA-repair or delivering ABC transporters to drug sensitive cells. As functional mediators of tumor-stroma interaction and of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, exosomes also promote environment-mediated therapy resistance. Exosomes may be used in anticancer therapy exploiting their delivery function. They may effectively transfer anticancer drugs or RNAs in the context of gene therapy reducing immune stimulatory effects of these drugs and hydrophilic qualities facilitating crossing of cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - József Dudás
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sergej Skvortsov
- Laboratory for Experimental and Translational Research on Radiation Oncology (EXTRO-Lab), Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria.,EXTRO-Lab, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ute Ganswindt
- Laboratory for Experimental and Translational Research on Radiation Oncology (EXTRO-Lab), Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Riechelmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ira-Ida Skvortsova
- Laboratory for Experimental and Translational Research on Radiation Oncology (EXTRO-Lab), Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria. .,EXTRO-Lab, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria.
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167
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The exosome secretion inhibitor neticonazole suppresses intestinal dysbacteriosis-induced tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer. Invest New Drugs 2019; 38:221-228. [PMID: 30887254 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00759-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most frequently encountered malignancy associated with the rectum or colon, and accumulating evidences have implicated intestinal dysbacteriosis (IDB, disruption of gut microbiome) and exosomes in the pathology of CRC. We aimed to investigate the effect of IDB on exosome secretion in a CRC xenograft mouse model. An IDB mouse model was established and was inoculated with the CRC cell line SW480 as a xenograft tumor. Tumor growth was monitored for 15 days in sham and IDB mice, after which blood was collected to assess serum exosome secretion. A novel exosome secretion inhibitor, neticonazole, was administered to IDB mice bearing CRC xenograft tumors, followed by monitoring of tumor growth and mouse survival. Western blot analysis was performed in xenograft tumors to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism. IDB promoted CRC xenograft tumor growth and exosome secretion, which could be inhibited by the exosome secretion inhibitor neticonazole. Moreover, neticonazole treatment significantly improved the survival of IDB mice with CRC xenograft tumors, likely through increasing apoptosis of CRC xenograft tumor cells. The exosome secretion inhibitor neticonazole may serve as a promising therapeutic candidate against CRC by suppressing IDB-induced CRC tumorigenesis.
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168
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Hartjes TA, Mytnyk S, Jenster GW, van Steijn V, van Royen ME. Extracellular Vesicle Quantification and Characterization: Common Methods and Emerging Approaches. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:bioengineering6010007. [PMID: 30654439 PMCID: PMC6466085 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a family of small membrane vesicles that carry information about cells by which they are secreted. Growing interest in the role of EVs in intercellular communication, but also in using their diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential in (bio) medical applications, demands for accurate assessment of their biochemical and physical properties. In this review, we provide an overview of available technologies for EV analysis by describing their working principles, assessing their utility in EV research and summarising their potential and limitations. To emphasise the innovations in EV analysis, we also highlight the unique possibilities of emerging technologies with high potential for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Hartjes
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Serhii Mytnyk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 3015 CD Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Guido W Jenster
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC, 3015 CD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Volkert van Steijn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 3015 CD Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Martin E van Royen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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169
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On the Choice of the Extracellular Vesicles for Therapeutic Purposes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020236. [PMID: 30634425 PMCID: PMC6359369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid membrane vesicles released by all human cells and are widely recognized to be involved in many cellular processes, both in physiological and pathological conditions. They are mediators of cell-cell communication, at both paracrine and systemic levels, and therefore they are active players in cell differentiation, tissue homeostasis, and organ remodeling. Due to their ability to serve as a cargo for proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which often reflects the cellular source, they should be considered the future of the natural nanodelivery of bio-compounds. To date, natural nanovesicles, such as exosomes, have been shown to represent a source of disease biomarkers and have high potential benefits in regenerative medicine. Indeed, they deliver both chemical and bio-molecules in a way that within exosomes drugs are more effective that in their exosome-free form. Thus, to date, we know that exosomes are shuttle disease biomarkers and probably the most effective way to deliver therapeutic molecules within target cells. However, we do not know exactly which exosomes may be used in therapy in avoiding side effects as well. In regenerative medicine, it will be ideal to use autologous exosomes, but it seems not ideal to use plasma-derived exosomes, as they may contain potentially dangerous molecules. Here, we want to present and discuss a contradictory relatively unmet issue that is the lack of a general agreement on the choice for the source of extracellular vesicles for therapeutic use.
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170
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Fais S, Logozzi M, Alberti G, Campanella C. Exosomal Hsp60: A Tumor Biomarker? HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 60 IN HUMAN DISEASES AND DISORDERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-23154-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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171
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Zhang C, Ji Q, Yang Y, Li Q, Wang Z. Exosome: Function and Role in Cancer Metastasis and Drug Resistance. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2018; 17:1533033818763450. [PMID: 29681222 PMCID: PMC5949932 DOI: 10.1177/1533033818763450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As a kind of nanometric lipidic vesicles, exosomes have been presumed to play a leading role in the regulation of tumor microenvironment through exosomes-mediated transfer of proteins and genetic materials. Tumor-derived exosomes are recognized as a critical determinant of the tumor progression. Intriguingly, some current observations have identified that exosomes are essential for several intercellular exchanges of proteins, messenger RNAs, noncoding RNAs (including long noncoding RNAs and microRNAs) as well as to the process of cancer metastasis and drug resistance. Herein, we review the role of exosomes and their molecular cargos in cancer invasion and metastasis, summarize how they interact with antitumor agents, and highlight their translational implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Zhang
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,2 Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Ji
- 2 Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Yang
- 2 Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Li
- 2 Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongqi Wang
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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172
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Spugnini EP, Logozzi M, Di Raimo R, Mizzoni D, Fais S. A Role of Tumor-Released Exosomes in Paracrine Dissemination and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3968. [PMID: 30544664 PMCID: PMC6321583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic diffusion is thought to be a multi-step phenomenon involving the release of cells from the primary tumor and their diffusion through the body. Currently, several hypotheses have been put forward in order to explain the origin of cancer metastasis, including epithelial⁻mesenchymal transition, mutagenesis of stem cells, and a facilitating role of macrophages, involving, for example, transformation or fusion hybridization with neoplastic cells. In this paradigm, tumor-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes, play a pivotal role in cell communications, delivering a plethora of biomolecules including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. For their natural role in shuttling molecules, EVs have been newly considered a part of the metastatic cascade. They have a prominent role in preparing the so-called "tumor niches" in target organs. However, recent evidence has pointed out an even more interesting role of tumor EVs, consisting in their ability to induce malignant transformation in resident mesenchymal stem cells. All in all, in this review, we discuss the multiple involvements of EVs in the metastatic cascade, and how we can exploit and manipulate EVs in order to reduce the metastatic spread of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariantonia Logozzi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Rossella Di Raimo
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Davide Mizzoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefano Fais
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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173
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Wang YA, Li XL, Mo YZ, Fan CM, Tang L, Xiong F, Guo C, Xiang B, Zhou M, Ma J, Huang X, Wu X, Li Y, Li GY, Zeng ZY, Xiong W. Effects of tumor metabolic microenvironment on regulatory T cells. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:168. [PMID: 30477520 PMCID: PMC6260778 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0913-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that on one hand, tumors need to obtain a sufficient energy supply, and on the other hand they must evade the body’s immune surveillance. Because of their metabolic reprogramming characteristics, tumors can modify the physicochemical properties of the microenvironment, which in turn affects the biological characteristics of the cells infiltrating them. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subset of T cells that regulate immune responses in the body. They exist in large quantities in the tumor microenvironment and exert immunosuppressive effects. The main effect of tumor microenvironment on Tregs is to promote their differentiation, proliferation, secretion of immunosuppressive factors, and chemotactic recruitment to play a role in immunosuppression in tumor tissues. This review focuses on cell metabolism reprogramming and the most significant features of the tumor microenvironment relative to the functional effects on Tregs, highlighting our understanding of the mechanisms of tumor immune evasion and providing new directions for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-An Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yong-Zhen Mo
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Chun-Mei Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Le Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Fang Xiong
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Can Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Jian Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xi Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Xu Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58202, USA
| | - Yong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.,Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Gui-Yuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
| | - Wei Xiong
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China. .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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174
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Zhang P, Samuel G, Crow J, Godwin AK, Zeng Y. Molecular assessment of circulating exosomes toward liquid biopsy diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma family of tumors. Transl Res 2018; 201:136-153. [PMID: 30031766 PMCID: PMC6424494 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma was first described in 1921 in the Proceedings of the New York Pathological Society by an eminent American pathologist from Cornell named James R. Ewing as a "diffuse endothelioma of bone." Since this initial description, more has been discovered regarding Ewing sarcoma and in the 1980's both Ewing sarcoma and peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors due to their similar features and shared identical genetic abnormality were grouped into a class of cancers entitled Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFTs). Ewing sarcoma is the second most common pediatric osseous malignancy followed by osteosarcoma, with highest incidence among 10-20 years old. Ewing sarcoma is consistently associated with chromosomal translocation and functional fusion of the EWSR1 gene to any of several structurally related transcription factor genes of the E26 transformation-specific family. These tumor-specific molecular rearrangements are useful for primary diagnosis, may provide prognostic information, and present potential therapeutic targets. Therefore, ways to rapidly and efficiently detect these defining genomic alterations are of clinical relevance. Within the past decade, liquid biopsies including extracellular vesicles (EVs), have emerged as a promising alternative and/or complimentary approach to standard tumor biopsies. It was recently reported that fusion mRNAs from tumor-specific chromosome translocations can be detected in Ewing sarcoma cell-derived exosomes. Within this review, we overview the current advances in Ewing sarcoma and the opportunities and challenges in exploiting circulating exosomes, primarily small bioactive EVs (30-180 nm), as developing sources of biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic response monitoring in children and young adult patients with ESFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Glenson Samuel
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Children's Mercy Hospitals & Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Jennifer Crow
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas; University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
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175
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Logozzi M, Mizzoni D, Angelini DF, Di Raimo R, Falchi M, Battistini L, Fais S. Microenvironmental pH and Exosome Levels Interplay in Human Cancer Cell Lines of Different Histotypes. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E370. [PMID: 30301144 PMCID: PMC6210604 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10100370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular nanovesicles primarily involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases including cancer. This study was set out from recent evidence that extracellular acidity may increase the exosome release by cancer cells. However, this preliminary evidence did not provide solid information on whether the pH-dependent exosome over-release represents a common feature of all cancers. To the purpose of demonstrating that cancer acidity is a major determinant in inducing an increased exosome release by human cancer cells, we evaluated human tumor cell lines deriving from either colon, breast, prostate cancers, melanoma, or osteosarcoma. All cell lines were cultured in either the current 7.4 pH or the typical pH of cancer that is 6.5. The levels of released extracellular vesicles were measured by protein counts, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and nanoscale flow cytometry. The results showed that pH 6.5 induced a remarkable increase in exosome release, and buffering the medium significantly reduced the exosome release in all cancers. With these results, we provide, for the first time, evidence that tumor acidity and exosome levels represent common cancer phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariantonia Logozzi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Davide Mizzoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Rossella Di Raimo
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Mario Falchi
- National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Luca Battistini
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefano Fais
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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176
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Regulation of Macrophage Activation and Polarization by HCC-Derived Exosomal lncRNA TUC339. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102958. [PMID: 30274167 PMCID: PMC6213212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes released by cells can serve as vehicles for delivery of biological materials and signals. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNAs longer than 200 nt, which roles are increasingly appreciated in various biological content. Tumor-derived exosomal lncRNAs have been implicated as signaling mediators to orchestrate cell function among neighbor tumor cells. However, the role of tumor-derived lncRNAs in cross-talk with environmental macrophages has yet to be explored. In this paper, we demonstrated that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells–derived exosomes contain elevated levels of lncRNA TUC339 and that HCC-derived exosomes could be taken up by THP-1 cells. In seeking to dissect the biological function of tumor secreting TUC339 in macrophages, we applied loss-of-function and gain-of-function strategies. We observed increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production, increased co-stimulatory molecule expression, and enhanced phagocytosis upon suppression of TUC339 by siRNA in THP-1 cells, and the opposite effect upon over-expression of this lncRNA, which indicates that TUC339 was involved in the regulation of macrophage activation. Moreover, we detected an elevated level of TUC339 in M(IL-4) macrophages as compared to M(IFN-γ + LPS) macrophages and a down-regulation of TUC339 expression during M(IL-4)-to-M(IFN-γ + LPS) repolarization and vice versa. Furthermore, suppression of TUC339 in macrophages diminished the expression of M(IL-4) markers upon IL-4 treatment while overexpression of TUC339 in macrophages enhanced M(IL-4) markers upon IFN-γ + LPS treatment, which suggests a critical function of TUC339 in the regulation of macrophage M1/M2 polarization. Lastly, using microarray analysis, we identified cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, CXCR chemokine receptor binding, Toll-like receptor signaling, FcγR-mediated phagocytosis, regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, and cell proliferation are related with TUC339 function in macrophages. Our results provide evidence for a novel regulatory function of tumor-derived exosomal lncRNA TUC339 in environmental macrophages and shed light on the complicated interactions between tumor and immune cells through exosomal lncRNAs.
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177
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van Belzen IAEM, Kesmir C. Immune biomarkers for predicting response to adoptive cell transfer as cancer treatment. Immunogenetics 2018; 71:71-86. [PMID: 30232514 PMCID: PMC6326979 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-018-1083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) is a form of personalised immunotherapy which has shown promising results in metastasised cancer. For this treatment, autologous T lymphocytes are selected and stimulated in vitro before re-administration in large numbers. However, only a fraction of patients benefit from ACT, and it is not yet known what biomarkers can predict treatment outcome. In this review, we describe what tumour characteristics are associated with response to ACT. Based on the current knowledge, the best candidate biomarker for a good anti-tumour response seems to be a large number of neoantigens with a homogeneous distribution across the tumour in combination with sufficient MHC-I expression level. Additionally, it is necessary to be able to isolate a diverse population of T cells reactive to these neoantigens from tumour tissue or peripheral blood. Additional promising candidate biomarkers shared with other cancer immunotherapies are a large number of tumour-infiltrating cytotoxic and memory T cells, normal levels of glycolysis, and a pro-inflammatory cytokine profile within the tumour. Intense research in this field will hopefully result in identification of more biomarkers for cancers with low mutational load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ianthe A E M van Belzen
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Can Kesmir
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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178
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Moloudizargari M, Asghari MH, Abdollahi M. Modifying exosome release in cancer therapy: How can it help? Pharmacol Res 2018; 134:246-256. [PMID: 29990623 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The reciprocal interactions of cancer cells with their microenvironment constitute an inevitable aspect of tumor development, progression and response to treatment in all cancers. Such bilateral transactions also serve as the key scenario underlying the development of drug resistance in many cases finally determining the fate of the disease and survival. In this view, a class of extracellular vesicles (EV) known as exosomes (EX) have been shown in the past few years to be important mediators of local and remote cell-to-cell contact changing the activity of their target cells by introducing their content of proteins, non-coding RNAs, and membrane-associated small molecules. In addition to the direct targeting of cancer cells, which has been routinely undertaken by different means to date, parallel attempts to change the signaling network governed by tumor-derived exosomes (TDE) may offer a promising potential to be utilized in cancer therapy. TDE drive diverse functions in the body, most of which have been shown to act to the advantage of tumor progression; however, there are also several studies that report the good aspects of TDE the interruption of which may result in undesirable outcomes. In the present paper, we made an effort to address this important issue by reviewing the very recent literature on different aspects of EX biogenesis and regulation and the various bodily effects of TDE which have been uncovered to date. Moreover, we have reviewed the possible interventions that can be made in TDE release as an important stage of EX biogenesis. Finally, keeping a criticizing view, the advantages and disadvantages of such interventions have been discussed and the future prospect in the field has been outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Moloudizargari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Asghari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Immunoregulation Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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179
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Dörsam B, Reiners KS, von Strandmann EP. Cancer-derived extracellular vesicles: friend and foe of tumour immunosurveillance. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:rstb.2016.0481. [PMID: 29158311 PMCID: PMC5717436 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important players of intercellular signalling mechanisms, including communication with and among immune cells. EVs can affect the surrounding tissue as well as peripheral cells. Recently, EVs have been identified to be involved in the aetiology of several diseases, including cancer. Tumour cell-released EVs or exosomes have been shown to promote a tumour-supporting environment in non-malignant tissue and, thus, benefit metastasis. The underlying mechanisms are numerous: loss of antigen expression, direct suppression of immune effector cells, exchange of nucleic acids, alteration of the recipient cells' transcription and direct suppression of immune cells. Consequently, tumour cells can subvert the host's immune detection as well as suppress the immune system. On the contrary, recent studies reported the existence of EVs able to activate immune cells, thus promoting the tumour-directed immune response. In this article, the immunosuppressive capabilities of EVs, on the one hand, and their potential use in immunoactivation and therapeutic potential, on the other hand, are discussed. This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Extracellular vesicles and the tumour microenvironment’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Dörsam
- Experimental Tumor Research, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Street 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin S Reiners
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Biomedical Center, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Street 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Elke Pogge von Strandmann
- Experimental Tumor Research, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Street 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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180
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Toiyama Y, Okugawa Y, Fleshman J, Richard Boland C, Goel A. MicroRNAs as potential liquid biopsy biomarkers in colorectal cancer: A systematic review. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1870:274-282. [PMID: 29852194 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has demonstrated the feasibility of circulating miRNAs as robust non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis in colorectal cancer. The use of circulating miRNAs for the early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) is of particular interest as it can offer a potential complementary approach to screening colonoscopy. However, the development of circulating miRNAs as "liquid biopsy" biomarkers for development into clinical screening tests has been hampered by several issues. In this article, we summarize the status of this field for the clinical utilization of miRNA biomarkers as liquid biopsies in colorectal cancer (CRC) and discuss their applications as screening tests for patients with colorectal adenoma (CRA) and CRC. Herein, we undertook a systematic search for citations in PubMed and the Cochrane Database from January 1, 2002 through December 31, 2017 as electronic sources for this study. All published studies were screened with no restriction on language, date, or country. We used database-specific combinations of the following index terms and text words, including: microRNA, colorectal cancer, serum, plasma, and exosomes. Based upon these searches, we summarize the progress and salient features of the current state of knowledge of miRNA diagnostic biomarkers in CRC, and focuses on the articles that attempt to optimize ideal methodologies to further advance their as liquid biopsies for clinical use. We conclude that the field of noncoding RNAs, particularly for the clinical use of miRNAs as liquid biopsy assays is maturing rapidly, and it is highly promising that these genomic signatures will likely be developed into clinically-viable tests for the early detection and clinical management of patients with colorectal cancer in the not so distant future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Toiyama
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshinaga Okugawa
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - James Fleshman
- Department of Surgery, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - C Richard Boland
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ajay Goel
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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181
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Yang X, Wang L, Li R, Zhao Y, Gu Y, Liu S, Cheng T, Huang K, Yuan Y, Song D, Gao S. The long non-coding RNA PCSEAT exhibits an oncogenic property in prostate cancer and functions as a competing endogenous RNA that associates with EZH2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 502:262-268. [PMID: 29803673 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy and the leading cause of cancer deaths in males. Recent studies demonstrate that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in many aspects of PCa. However, their biological roles in PCa remain imperfectly understood. Here,wecharacterized anlncRNA, PCaspecific expression and EZH2-associatedtranscript (PCSEAT, annotated as PRCAT38), which is specifically overexpressedin PCa. We further demonstrated that knockdown of PCSEAT results in the reduction of PCa cell growth and motility, and overexpression of PCSEAT reverses these phenotypes. Furthermore, bioactive PCSEAT is incorporated into exosomes and transmitted to adjacent cells, thus promoting cell proliferation and motility. Mechanistically, we found that PCSEAT promotes cell proliferation, at least in part by affecting miR-143-3p- and miR-24-2-5p-mediated regulation of EZH2, suggesting that PCSEAT and EZH2 competitively 'sponge' miR-143-3p and miR-24-2-5p.Overall, ourresultsrevealthat PCSEAT is specifically overexpressed in PCa patients and a potential oncogene in PCa cells via mediating EZH2 activity, indicating that PCSEAT may be a potential therapeutic target in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Yang
- Laboratory for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Liang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Rong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Yuhui Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yinmin Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Siying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Tianyou Cheng
- Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Kuohsiang Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Dalong Song
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Shan Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China; Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, 030032, China; Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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182
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Sato S, Weaver AM. Extracellular vesicles: important collaborators in cancer progression. Essays Biochem 2018; 62:149-163. [PMID: 29666212 PMCID: PMC6377252 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20170080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles that are released from cells and mediate cell-cell communication. EVs carry protein, lipid, and nucleic acid cargoes that interact with recipient cells to alter their phenotypes. Evidence is accumulating that tumor-derived EVs can play important roles in all steps of cancer progression. Here, we review recent studies reporting critical roles for EVs in four major areas of cancer progression: promotion of cancer invasiveness and motility, enhancement of angiogenesis and vessel permeability, conditioning premetastatic niches, and immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Sato
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - Alissa M Weaver
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
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183
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Rogalska A, Marczak A. Therapeutic potential of patupilone in epithelial ovarian cancer and future directions. Life Sci 2018; 205:38-44. [PMID: 29727613 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy worldwide with extremely poor patient prognosis. Elucidation of the detailed mechanisms of action of drugs targeting this cancer type is necessary to optimize treatment efficacy. Epothilones, a new class of microtubule-stabilizing anticancer drugs, show strong cytotoxic properties in vitro and in vivo and are additionally effective in taxane-resistant cells. In this report, we focus on inhibitors of microtubule depolymerization, taxanes, and the novel antimicrotubule agents, epothilones. Current knowledge regarding the effects of epothilone B on ovarian tumor cell metabolism is reviewed, along with recent advances in therapeutic strategies, such as novel agents and biologic drug combinations containing epothilone that target aberrant pathways in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Rogalska
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Marczak
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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184
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Sun Z, Yang S, Zhou Q, Wang G, Song J, Li Z, Zhang Z, Xu J, Xia K, Chang Y, Liu J, Yuan W. Emerging role of exosome-derived long non-coding RNAs in tumor microenvironment. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:82. [PMID: 29678180 PMCID: PMC5909226 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0831-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released by many cell types and have been attributed for their roles in many diseases including cancer. Exosomes secreted by tumor cells and stromal cells are critical mediators of intercellular communication in tumor microenvironments. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are selectively sorted into exosomes and can regulate cancer onset and progression in a variety of ways. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of exosomal lncRNAs and their dysregulation in multiple types of cancer. We provide an overview of current research on exosomal lncRNAs in tumor microenvironments, especially the functions of exosomal lncRNAs in regulating tumor biology. A deeper understanding of the role of exosomal lncRNAs in the tumor microenvironment may help provide new diagnostic and prognostic markers for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqiang Sun
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Shuaixi Yang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Quanbo Zhou
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Guixian Wang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Junmin Song
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jizhong Xu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Kunkun Xia
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yuan Chang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Weitang Yuan
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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185
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Sagini K, Costanzi E, Emiliani C, Buratta S, Urbanelli L. Extracellular Vesicles as Conveyors of Membrane-Derived Bioactive Lipids in Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041227. [PMID: 29670015 PMCID: PMC5979532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last 20 years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been established as an additional way to transmit signals outside the cell. They are membrane-surrounded structures of nanometric size that can either originate from the membrane invagination of multivesicular bodies of the late endosomal compartment (exosomes) or bud from the plasma membrane (microvesicles). They contain proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids—namely miRNA, but also mRNA and lncRNA—which are derived from the parental cell, and have been retrieved in every fluid of the body. As carriers of antigens, either alone or in association with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and class I molecules, their immunomodulatory properties have been extensively investigated. Moreover, recent studies have shown that EVs may carry and deliver membrane-derived bioactive lipids that play an important function in the immune system and related pathologies, such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, specialized pro-resolving mediators, and lysophospholipids. EVs protect bioactive lipids from degradation and play a role in the transcellular synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Here, we summarized the role of EVs in the regulation of immune response, specifically focusing our attention on the emerging role of EVs as carriers of bioactive lipids, which is important for immune system function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krizia Sagini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Eva Costanzi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Carla Emiliani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
- Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Sandra Buratta
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Lorena Urbanelli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
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186
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Alfonsi R, Grassi L, Signore M, Bonci D. The Double Face of Exosome-Carried MicroRNAs in Cancer Immunomodulation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041183. [PMID: 29652798 PMCID: PMC5979514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years many articles have underlined the key role of nanovesicles, i.e., exosomes, as information carriers among biological systems including cancer. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) are key players in the dynamic crosstalk between cancer cells and the microenvironment while promote immune system control evasion. In fact, tumors are undoubtedly capable of silencing the immune response through multiple mechanisms, including the release of exosomes. TEXs have been shown to boost tumor growth and promote progression and metastatic spreading via suppression or stimulation of the immune response towards cancer cells. The advantage of immunotherapeutic treatment alone over combining immuno- and conventional therapy is currently debated. Understanding the role of tumor exosome-cargo is of crucial importance for our full comprehension of neoplastic immonosuppression and for the construction of novel therapies and vaccines based on (nano-) vesicles. Furthermore, to devise new anti-cancer approaches, diverse groups investigated the possibility of engineering TEXs by conditioning cancer cells’ own cargo. In this review, we summarize the state of art of TEX-based immunomodulation with a particular focus on the molecular function of non-coding family genes, microRNAs. Finally, we will report on recent efforts in the study of potential applications of engineered exosomes in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Alfonsi
- Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica and Policlinico Gemelli, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Ludovica Grassi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "La Sapienza" University, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Michele Signore
- RPPA Unit, Proteomics Area, Core Facilties, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy.
| | - Désirée Bonci
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy.
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187
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Barros FM, Carneiro F, Machado JC, Melo SA. Exosomes and Immune Response in Cancer: Friends or Foes? Front Immunol 2018; 9:730. [PMID: 29696022 PMCID: PMC5904196 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicle whose study has grown exponentially in recent years. This led to the understanding that these structures, far from being inert waste by-products of cellular functioning, are active players in intercellular communication mechanisms, including in the interactions between cancer cells and the immune system. The deep comprehension of the crosstalk between tumors and the immune systems of their hosts has gained more and more importance, as immunotherapeutic techniques have emerged as viable options for several types of cancer. In this review, we present a comprehensive, updated, and elucidative review of the current knowledge on the functions played by the exosomes in this crosstalk. The roles of these vesicles in tumor antigen presentation, immune activation, and immunosuppression are approached as the relevant interactions between exosomes and the complement system. The last section of this review is reserved for the exploration of the results from the first phase I to II clinical trials of exosomes-based cell-free cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatima Carneiro
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research Innovation in Health (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
| | - Jose C Machado
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research Innovation in Health (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia A Melo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research Innovation in Health (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
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188
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Ruiz-López L, Blancas I, Garrido JM, Mut-Salud N, Moya-Jódar M, Osuna A, Rodríguez-Serrano F. The role of exosomes on colorectal cancer: A review. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 33:792-799. [PMID: 29156509 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular microvesicles released from cells, which are involved in many biological and pathological processes, mainly because of their role in intercellular communication. Exosomes derived from colorectal cancer (CRC) cells are related to oncogenesis, tumor cell survival, chemo-resistance, and metastasis. The role of the exosomes in these processes involves the transfer of proteins, RNAs, or mutant versions of proto-oncogenes to the target cells. In recent years, great efforts have been made to identify useful biomarkers in CRC exosomes for diagnosis, prediction of prognosis, and treatment response. This review focuses on recent studies on CRC exosomes, considering isolation, cargo, biomarkers, and the effects of exosomes on the development and progression of CRC, including resistance to antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Ruiz-López
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Blancas
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,Department of Oncology, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - José M Garrido
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Nuria Mut-Salud
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Moya-Jódar
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Osuna
- Molecular Biochemistry and Parasitology Research Group, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Serrano
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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189
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Manning S, Danielson KM. The immunomodulatory role of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles in colorectal cancer. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:733-741. [PMID: 29575270 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide with rising mortality rates predicted in the coming decades. In light of this, there is a continued need for improvement in our understanding of CRC biology and the development of novel treatment options. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (tEVs) have emerged as both novel cancer biomarkers and functional mediators of carcinogenesis. tEVs are released by tumor cells in abundance and play an important role in mediating tumor cell-immune cell interactions in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, tEVs are released into the circulation in humans where they could also interact with circulating immune cells. This review aims to describe CRC-specific tEVs and what is currently known about their role in immunomodulation. In particular, we discuss the ability of CRC-derived tEVs to affect monocyte differentiation into macrophages and dendritic cells, and their effects on T-cell viability and activity. Finally, the potential for tEVs in the development of immunotherapies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Manning
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Kirsty M Danielson
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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190
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Lugini L, Valtieri M, Federici C, Cecchetti S, Meschini S, Condello M, Signore M, Fais S. Exosomes from human colorectal cancer induce a tumor-like behavior in colonic mesenchymal stromal cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:50086-50098. [PMID: 27418137 PMCID: PMC5226570 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer cells, including colorectal cancer ones (CRC), release high amounts of nanovesicles (exosomes), delivering biochemical messages for paracrine or systemic crosstalk. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been shown to play contradicting roles in tumor progression. Results CRC exosomes induce in cMSCs: i) atypical morphology, higher proliferation, migration and invasion; ii) formation of spheroids; iii) an acidic extracellular environment associated with iv) a plasma membrane redistribution of vacuolar H+-ATPase and increased expression of CEA. Colon cancer derived MSCs, which were isolated from tumor masses, produce umbilicated spheroids, a future frequently observed in the inner core of rapidly growing tumors and recapitulate the changes observed in normal colonic MSCs exposed to CRC exosomes. Materials and Methods Tissue specific colonic (c)MSCs were exposed to primary or metastatic CRC exosomes and analysed by light and electron microscopy, proliferation in 2D and 3D cultures, migration and invasion assays, Western blot and confocal microscopy for vacuolar H+-ATPase expression. Conclusions CRC exosomes are able to induce morphological and functional changes in colonic MSCs, which may favour tumor growth and its malignant progression. Our results suggest that exosomes are actively involved in cancer progression and that inhibiting tumor exosome release may represent a way to interfere with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Lugini
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Valtieri
- Department of Ematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Federici
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Cecchetti
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Meschini
- Department of Technology and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Condello
- Department of Technology and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Signore
- Department of Ematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Fais
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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191
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Cao K, Tait SWG. Apoptosis and Cancer: Force Awakens, Phantom Menace, or Both? INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 337:135-152. [PMID: 29551159 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apoptotic cell death serves as an important tumor suppressor mechanism at multiple steps during cancer progression. Equally, engagement of apoptosis represents a potent therapeutic effector mechanism. Nevertheless, the role of apoptosis in cancer may be more complex than previously thought. Indeed, various studies have found that apoptosis signaling also has oncogenic potential. In this review, we discuss how apoptosis can promote cancer and how these effects might be targeted to optimize apoptosis-inducing anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cao
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen W G Tait
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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192
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Colao IL, Corteling R, Bracewell D, Wall I. Manufacturing Exosomes: A Promising Therapeutic Platform. Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:242-256. [PMID: 29449149 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles, in particular the subclass exosomes, are rapidly emerging as a novel therapeutic platform. However, currently very few clinical validation studies and no clearly defined manufacturing process exist. As exosomes progress towards the clinic for treatment of a vast array of diseases, it is important to define the engineering basis for their manufacture early in the development cycle to ensure they can be produced cost-effectively at the appropriate scale. We hypothesize that transitioning to defined manufacturing platforms will increase consistency of the exosome product and improve their clinical advancement as a new therapeutic tool. We present manufacturing technologies and strategies that are being implemented and consider their application for the transition from bench-scale to clinical production of exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivano Luigi Colao
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower St, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Daniel Bracewell
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower St, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Ivan Wall
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower St, London, WC1E 6BT, UK; Aston Medical Research Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK; Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21+ NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine & Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
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193
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Nie Z, Aboulnasr F, Natesampillai S, Burke SP, Krogman A, Bren GD, Chung TDY, Anderson JR, Smart MK, Katzmann DJ, Rajagopalan G, Cummins NW, Badley AD. Both HIV-Infected and Uninfected Cells Express TRAILshort, Which Confers TRAIL Resistance upon Bystander Cells within the Microenvironment. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:1110-1123. [PMID: 29263214 PMCID: PMC5808399 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) was initially described to induce apoptosis of tumor cells and/or virally infected cells, although sparing normal cells, and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of HIV disease. We previously identified TRAILshort, a TRAIL splice variant, in HIV-infected patients and characterized it as being a dominant negative ligand to subvert TRAIL-mediated killing. Herein, using single-cell genomics we demonstrate that TRAILshort is produced by HIV-infected cells, as well as by uninfected bystander cells, and that the dominant stimulus which induces TRAILshort production are type I IFNs and TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 agonists. TRAILshort has a short t1/2 by virtue of containing a PEST domain, which targets the protein toward the ubiquitin proteasome pathway for degradation. Further we show that TRAILshort binds preferentially to TRAIL receptors 1 and 2 with significantly reduced interaction with the decoy TRAIL receptors 3 and 4. Recombinant TRAILshort is sufficient to protect cells against TRAIL-induced killing, whereas immunodepletion of TRAILshort with a specific Ab restores TRAIL sensitivity. Importantly we show that TRAILshort is shed in microvesicles into the cellular microenvironment and therefore confers TRAIL resistance not only on the cell which produces it, but also upon neighboring bystander cells. These results establish a novel paradigm for understanding and overcoming TRAIL resistance, in particular how HIV-infected cells escape immune elimination by the TRAIL:TRAILshort receptor axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Nie
- HIV Immunology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | | | | | | | - Ashton Krogman
- HIV Immunology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Gary D Bren
- HIV Immunology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Thomas D Y Chung
- Office of Translation to Practice, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Jeff R Anderson
- Office of Translation to Practice, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | | | - David J Katzmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905; and
| | | | | | - Andrew D Badley
- HIV Immunology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905;
- Office of Translation to Practice, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
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194
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Shao Y, Shen Y, Chen T, Xu F, Chen X, Zheng S. The functions and clinical applications of tumor-derived exosomes. Oncotarget 2018; 7:60736-60751. [PMID: 27517627 PMCID: PMC5312416 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/1969] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with diameters ranging from 30 to 150 nm. They can be secreted by all cell types and transfer information in the form of their contents, which include proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, to other cells throughout the body. They have roles in normal physiological processes as well as in disease development. Here, we review recent findings regarding tumor-derived exosomes, including methods for their extraction and preservation. We also describe the actions of exosomes in tumorigenesis. The exosomal antigen-presenting effect during antitumor immune responses and its suppressive function in immune tolerance are discussed. Finally, we describe the potential application of exosomes to cancer therapy and liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingkuan Shao
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanwei Shen
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuewen Chen
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Shu Zheng
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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195
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Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and colorectal cancer: a troublesome twosome for the anti-tumour immune response? Oncotarget 2018; 7:60752-60774. [PMID: 27542276 PMCID: PMC5312417 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) is an important factor in determining the growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer, and can aid tumours by both establishing an immunosuppressive milieu, allowing the tumour avoid immune clearance, and by hampering the efficacy of various therapeutic regimens. The tumour microenvironment is composed of many cell types including tumour, stromal, endothelial and immune cell populations. It is widely accepted that cells present in the TME acquire distinct functional phenotypes that promote tumorigenesis. One such cell type is the mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC). Evidence suggests that MSCs exert effects in the colorectal tumour microenvironment including the promotion of angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. MSCs immunomodulatory capacity may represent another largely unexplored central feature of MSCs tumour promoting capacity. There is considerable evidence to suggest that MSCs and their secreted factors can influence the innate and adaptive immune responses. MSC-immune cell interactions can skew the proliferation and functional activity of T-cells, dendritic cells, natural killer cells and macrophages, which could favour tumour growth and enable tumours to evade immune cell clearance. A better understanding of the interactions between the malignant cancer cell and stromal components of the TME is key to the development of more specific and efficacious therapies for colorectal cancer. Here, we review and explore MSC- mediated mechanisms of suppressing anti-tumour immune responses in the colon tumour microenvironment. Elucidation of the precise mechanism of immunomodulation exerted by tumour-educated MSCs is critical to inhibiting immunosuppression and immune evasion established by the TME, thus providing an opportunity for targeted and efficacious immunotherapy for colorectal cancer growth and metastasis.
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196
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Miyazaki T, Ikeda K, Sato W, Horie-Inoue K, Inoue S. Extracellular vesicle-mediated EBAG9 transfer from cancer cells to tumor microenvironment promotes immune escape and tumor progression. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:7. [PMID: 29362448 PMCID: PMC5833691 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-017-0022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The antitumor immune response is a critical defense system that eliminates malignant cells. The failure of the system results in immune escape and proceeds to tumor growth. We have previously showed that estrogen receptor-binding fragment-associated antigen 9 (EBAG9) is a relevant cancer biomarker and facilities immune escape of cancers from the immune surveillance. EBAG9 in cancer cells suppresses T-cell infiltration into tumor in vivo, whereas that in host immune cells functions as a limiter for T-cell cytotoxicity. Considering that EBAG9 plays immune suppressive roles in both tumor and microenvironment, we here questioned whether EBAG9 is a transferable protein from cancer to surrounding T cells and affects antitumor immune response. In this study, we showed that spontaneous development of prostate cancer was repressed in a model of Ebag9 knockout mice crossed with transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice. We identified TM9SF1 as a collaborative EBAG9 interactor, which regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells. Notably, extracellular vesicles (EVs) from EBAG9-overexpressing prostate cancer cells have a potential to facilitate immune escape of tumors by inhibiting T-cell cytotoxicity and modulating immune-related gene expression in T cells. Furthermore, we showed that a neutralizing antibody for EBAG9 could rescue the EV-mediated immune suppression by recovering T-cell cytotoxicity. In addition to its autocrine functions in cancer cells, EBAG9 could behave as a new class of immune checkpoint that suppresses tumor immunity in a secretory manner. We propose that EBAG9-targeting cancer treatment could be alternative therapeutic options for advanced diseases, particularly for those with EBAG9 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Miyazaki
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, 350-1241, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ikeda
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, 350-1241, Japan
| | - Wataru Sato
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, 350-1241, Japan
| | - Kuniko Horie-Inoue
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, 350-1241, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, 350-1241, Japan.
- Department of Functional Biogerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
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197
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Hosseini-Beheshti E, Choi W, Weiswald LB, Kharmate G, Ghaffari M, Roshan-Moniri M, Hassona MD, Chan L, Chin MY, Tai IT, Rennie PS, Fazli L, Tomlinson Guns ES. Exosomes confer pro-survival signals to alter the phenotype of prostate cells in their surrounding environment. Oncotarget 2018; 7:14639-58. [PMID: 26840259 PMCID: PMC4924741 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men. Current research on tumour-related extracellular vesicles (EVs) suggests that exosomes play a significant role in paracrine signaling pathways, thus potentially influencing cancer progression via multiple mechanisms. In fact, during the last decade numerous studies have revealed the role of EVs in the progression of various pathological conditions including cancer. Moreover, differences in the proteomic, lipidomic, and cholesterol content of exosomes derived from PCa cell lines versus benign prostate cell lines confirm that exosomes could be excellent biomarker candidates. As such, as part of an extensive proteomic analysis using LCMS we previously described a potential role of exosomes as biomarkers for PCa. Current evidence suggests that uptake of EV's into the local tumour microenvironment encouraging us to further examine the role of these vesicles in distinct mechanisms involved in the progression of PCa and castration resistant PCa. For the purpose of this study, we hypothesized that exosomes play a pivotal role in cell-cell communication in the local tumour microenvironment, conferring activation of numerous survival mechanisms during PCa progression and development of therapeutic resistance. Our in vitro results demonstrate that PCa derived exosomes significantly reduce apoptosis, increase cancer cell proliferation and induce cell migration in LNCaP and RWPE-1 cells. In conjunction with our in vitro findings, we have also demonstrated that exosomes increased tumor volume and serum PSA levels in vivo when xenograft bearing mice were administered DU145 cell derived exosomes intravenously. This research suggests that, regardless of androgen receptor phenotype, exosomes derived from PCa cells significantly enhance multiple mechanisms that contribute to PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Hosseini-Beheshti
- Department of Experimental Medicine University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada.,The Vancouver Prostate Centre University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Wendy Choi
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Louis-Bastien Weiswald
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Geetanjali Kharmate
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Mazyar Ghaffari
- Department of Experimental Medicine University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada.,The Vancouver Prostate Centre University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Mani Roshan-Moniri
- Department of Experimental Medicine University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada.,The Vancouver Prostate Centre University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Mohamed D Hassona
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Leslie Chan
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Mei Yieng Chin
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Isabella T Tai
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Paul S Rennie
- Department of Urologic Sciences University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada.,The Vancouver Prostate Centre University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Department of Urologic Sciences University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada.,The Vancouver Prostate Centre University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Emma S Tomlinson Guns
- Department of Urologic Sciences University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada.,The Vancouver Prostate Centre University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
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198
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Kosmidis C, Sapalidis K, Koletsa T, Kosmidou M, Efthimiadis C, Anthimidis G, Varsamis N, Michalopoulos N, Koulouris C, Atmatzidis S, Liavas L, Strati TM, Koimtzis G, Tsakalidis A, Mantalovas S, Zarampouka K, Florou M, Giannakidis DE, Georgakoudi E, Baka S, Zarogoulidis P, Man YG, Kesisoglou I. Interferon-γ and Colorectal Cancer: an up-to date. J Cancer 2018; 9:232-238. [PMID: 29344268 PMCID: PMC5771329 DOI: 10.7150/jca.22962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer still remains the third cause of cancer death among cancer patients. Early diagnosis is crucial and they can be either endoscopic or with blood biomarkers. Endoscopic methods consist of gastroscopy and colonoscopy, however; in recent years, endoscopic ultrasound is being used. The microenvironment is very important for the successful delivery of the treatment. Several proteins and hormones play a crucial role in the efficiency of the treatment. In the current mini review we will focus on interferon-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoforos Kosmidis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School
| | - Konstantinos Sapalidis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School
| | - Triantafyllia Koletsa
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Kosmidou
- 1st Internal Medicine Division, University Hospital of Ioannina, University of Ioaninna, Medical School
| | | | - George Anthimidis
- Surgery Department, "Interbalkan" European Medical Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Varsamis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School
| | - Nikolaos Michalopoulos
- 3rd Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School
| | - Charilaos Koulouris
- 3rd Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School
| | - Stefanos Atmatzidis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School
| | - Lazaros Liavas
- 3rd Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School
| | - Titika-Marina Strati
- 3rd Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School
| | - Georgios Koimtzis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School
| | - Alexandros Tsakalidis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School
| | - Stylianos Mantalovas
- 3rd Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School
| | - Katerina Zarampouka
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Florou
- 3rd Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School
| | - Dimitrios E Giannakidis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School
| | - Eleni Georgakoudi
- 3rd Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School
| | - Sofia Baka
- Oncology Department, "Interbalkan" European Medical Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- Pulmonary - Oncology Department, "Theageneio" Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Yan-Gao Man
- Research Laboratory and International Collaboration, Bon Secours Cancer Institute, VA, USA
| | - Isaac Kesisoglou
- 3rd Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School
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Bosque A, Dietz L, Gallego-Lleyda A, Sanclemente M, Iturralde M, Naval J, Alava MA, Martínez-Lostao L, Thierse HJ, Anel A. Comparative proteomics of exosomes secreted by tumoral Jurkat T cells and normal human T cell blasts unravels a potential tumorigenic role for valosin-containing protein. Oncotarget 2017; 7:29287-305. [PMID: 27086912 PMCID: PMC5045396 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously characterized that FasL and Apo2L/TRAIL are stored in their bioactive form inside human T cell blasts in intraluminal vesicles present in multivesicular bodies. These vesicles are rapidly released to the supernatant in the form of exosomes upon re-activation of T cells. In this study we have compared for the first time proteomics of exosomes produced by normal human T cell blasts with those produced by tumoral Jurkat cells, with the objective of identify proteins associated with tumoral exosomes that could have a previously unrecognized role in malignancy. We have identified 359 and 418 proteins in exosomes from T cell blasts and Jurkat cells, respectively. Interestingly, only 145 (around a 40%) are common. The major proteins in both cases are actin and tubulin isoforms and the common interaction nodes correspond to these cytoskeleton and related proteins, as well as to ribosomal and mRNA granule proteins. We detected 14 membrane proteins that were especially enriched in exosomes from Jurkat cells as compared with T cell blasts. The most abundant of these proteins was valosin-containing protein (VCP), a membrane ATPase involved in ER homeostasis and ubiquitination. In this work, we also show that leukemic cells are more sensitive to cell death induced by the VCP inhibitor DBeQ than normal T cells. Furthermore, VCP inhibition prevents functional exosome secretion only in Jurkat cells, but not in T cell blasts. These results suggest VCP targeting as a new selective pathway to exploit in cancer treatment to prevent tumoral exosome secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bosque
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lisa Dietz
- Research Group for Immunology & Proteomics, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprechts-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana Gallego-Lleyda
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Manuel Sanclemente
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Iturralde
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Naval
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Angeles Alava
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Lostao
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Zaragoza, Spain.,Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Hermann-Josef Thierse
- Research Group for Immunology & Proteomics, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprechts-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alberto Anel
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
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Atay S, Wilkey DW, Milhem M, Merchant M, Godwin AK. Insights into the Proteome of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors-Derived Exosomes Reveals New Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 17:495-515. [PMID: 29242380 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing tumors continuously release nano-sized vesicles that represent circulating "fingerprints" of the tumor's identity. In gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), we have previously reported that these tumors release "oncosomes" carrying the constitutively activated tyrosine kinase (TK) receptor KIT. Despite the clinical utility of TK inhibitors, such as imatinib mesylate (IM), recurrence and metastasis are clinical problems that urge the need to identify new tumor-derived molecules. To this aim, we performed the first high quality proteomic study of GIST-derived exosomes (GDEs) and identified 1,060 proteins composing the core GDE proteome (cGDEp). The cGDEp was enriched in diagnostic markers (e.g. KIT, CD34, ANO1, PROM1, PRKCQ, and ENG), as well as proteins encoded by genes previously reported expressed in GIST (e.g. DPP4, FHL1, CDH11, and KCTD12). Many of these proteins were validated using cell lines, patient-derived KIT+ exosomes, and GIST tissues. We further show that in vitro and in vivo-derived GDE, carry proteins associated with IM response, such as Sprouty homolog 4 (SPRY4), surfeit 4 (SURF4), ALIX, and the cGMP-dependent 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A). Additionally, we report that the total exosome levels and exosome-associated KIT and SPRY4 protein levels have therapeutic values. In fact, molecular characterization of in vivo-derived KIT+ exosomes indicate significant sorting of p-KITTyr719, total KIT, and SPRY4 after IM-treatment of metastatic patients as compared with the pre-IM levels. Our data suggest that analysis of circulating exosomes levels and molecular markers of IM response in GIST patients with primary and metastatic disease is suitable to develop liquid based biopsies for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of response to treatment of these tumors. In summary, these findings provide the first insight into the proteome of GIST-derived oncosomes and offers a unique opportunity to further understand their oncogenic elements which contribute to tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD007997.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safinur Atay
- From the ‡Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., 4005 WHE, MS3040, Kansas City, Kansas 66160;
| | - Daniel W Wilkey
- §University of Louisville Room 209, Donald Baxter Research Building, 570 S. Preston Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Mohammed Milhem
- ¶Division of Hematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation 200 Hawkins Drive, C32 GH Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Michael Merchant
- §University of Louisville Room 209, Donald Baxter Research Building, 570 S. Preston Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- From the ‡Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., 4005 WHE, MS3040, Kansas City, Kansas 66160.,‖University of Kansas Cancer Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., 4005 WHE, MS3040, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
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