151
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Kamada A, Levin A, Toprakcioglu Z, Shen Y, Lutz-Bueno V, Baumann KN, Mohammadi P, Linder MB, Mezzenga R, Knowles TPJ. Modulating the Mechanical Performance of Macroscale Fibers through Shear-Induced Alignment and Assembly of Protein Nanofibrils. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1904190. [PMID: 31595701 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201904190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein-based fibers are used by nature as high-performance materials in a wide range of applications, including providing structural support, creating thermal insulation, and generating underwater adhesives. Such fibers are commonly generated through a hierarchical self-assembly process, where the molecular building blocks are geometrically confined and aligned along the fiber axis to provide a high level of structural robustness. Here, this approach is mimicked by using a microfluidic spinning method to enable precise control over multiscale order during the assembly process of nanoscale protein nanofibrils into micro- and macroscale fibers. By varying the flow rates on chip, the degree of nanofibril alignment can be tuned, leading to an orientation index comparable to that of native silk. It is found that the Young's modulus of the resulting fibers increases with an increasing level of nanoscale alignment of the building blocks, suggesting that the mechanical properties of macroscopic fibers can be controlled through varying the level of ordering of the nanoscale building blocks. Capitalizing on strategies evolved by nature, the fabrication method allows for the controlled formation of macroscopic fibers and offers the potential to be applied for the generation of further novel bioinspired materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Kamada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Aviad Levin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Zenon Toprakcioglu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Viviane Lutz-Bueno
- Laboratory of Food and Soft Materials Science, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse, 9, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kevin N Baumann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Pezhman Mohammadi
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., VTT, FI-02044, Espoo, Finland
| | - Markus B Linder
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 00076, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- Laboratory of Food and Soft Materials Science, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse, 9, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
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152
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Mouss ME, Rekik A, Zellagui S, Merzouki T, Hambli R. Numerical modeling of the effects hydration and number of hydrogen bonds on the mechanical properties of the tropocollagen molecule. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2020; 234:299-306. [DOI: 10.1177/0954411919898935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bone aging involves structural and molecular modifications, especially at the level of type I tropocollagen. This macromolecule shows two main age-related alterations, which are the decrease of both molecular diameter (due to the loss of hydration) and number of hydrogen bonds. In this work, it is proposed to investigate the influence of these two parameters (molecular diameter and number of hydrogen bonds) on the mechanical behavior of tropocollagen using finite element method. To this end, a novel three-dimensional finite element model of collagen molecule accounting for hydrogen bonds was developed. Then, a numerical design of experiments for the diameter of tropocollagen and variations in the number of hydrogen bonds has been established. The mechanical properties (“load–strain” curve and apparent Young’s modulus) of the collagen molecule were obtained by employing the proposed model to uniaxial tensile tests. The parametric study demonstrates that the mechanical properties of tropocollagen are slightly affected by the rate of hydration but considerably affected by variation of the number of hydrogen bonds. Finally, a fitted analytical function was deduced from the above results showing effects of the two parameters (hydration rate and hydrogen bonds) on the apparent Young’s modulus of tropocollagen. This study could be useful to understand the influence of structural age modifications of tropocollagen on the macroscopic mechanical properties of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marouane El Mouss
- Université d’Orléans, Université de Tours, INSA CVL, LaMé, Orléans, France
| | - Amna Rekik
- Université d’Orléans, Université de Tours, INSA CVL, LaMé, Orléans, France
| | - Said Zellagui
- Université d’Orléans, Université de Tours, INSA CVL, LaMé, Orléans, France
| | - Tarek Merzouki
- Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, LISV–Versailles Engineering Systems Laboratory, Vélizy, France
| | - Ridha Hambli
- Université d’Orléans, Université de Tours, INSA CVL, LaMé, Orléans, France
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153
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Milazzo M, Jung GS, Danti S, Buehler MJ. Wave Propagation and Energy Dissipation in Collagen Molecules. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:1367-1374. [PMID: 33455394 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is the key protein of connective tissue (i.e., skin, tendons and ligaments, and cartilage, among others), accounting for 25-35% of the whole-body protein content and conferring mechanical stability. This protein is also a fundamental building block of bone because of its excellent mechanical properties together with carbonated hydroxyapatite minerals. Although the mechanical resilience and viscoelasticity have been studied both in vitro and in vivo from the molecular to tissue level, wave propagation properties and energy dissipation have not yet been deeply explored, in spite of being crucial to understanding the vibration dynamics of collagenous structures (e.g., eardrum, cochlear membranes) upon impulsive loads. By using a bottom-up atomistic modeling approach, here we study a collagen peptide under two distinct impulsive displacement loads, including longitudinal and transversal inputs. Using a one-dimensional string model as a model system, we investigate the roles of hydration and load direction on wave propagation along the collagen peptide and the related energy dissipation. We find that wave transmission and energy-dissipation strongly depend on the loading direction. Also, the hydrated collagen peptide can dissipate five times more energy than dehydrated one. Our work suggests a distinct role of collagen in term of wave transmission of different tissues such as tendon and eardrum. This study can step toward understanding the mechanical behavior of collagen upon transient loads, impact loading and fatigue, and designing biomimetic and bioinspired materials to replace specific native tissues such as the tympanic membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Milazzo
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Gang Seob Jung
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Serena Danti
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa 56127, Italy.,Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Markus J Buehler
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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154
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Lin J, Shi Y, Men Y, Wang X, Ye J, Zhang C. Mechanical Roles in Formation of Oriented Collagen Fibers. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 26:116-128. [PMID: 31801418 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Collagen is a structural protein that is widely present in vertebrates, being usually distributed in tissues in the form of fibers. In living organisms, fibers are organized in different orientations in various tissues. As the structural base in connective tissue and load-bearing tissue, the orientation of collagen fibers plays an extremely important role in the mechanical properties and physiological and biochemical functions. The study on mechanics role in formation of oriented collagen fibers enables us to understand how discrete cells use limited molecular materials to create tissues with different structures, thereby promoting our understanding of the mechanism of tissue formation from scratch, from invisible to tangible. However, the current understanding of the mechanism of fiber orientation is still insufficient. In addition, existing fabrication methods of oriented fibers are varied and involve interdisciplinary study, and the achievements of each experiment are favorable to the construction and improvement of the fiber orientation theory. To this end, this review focuses on the preparation methods of oriented fibers and proposes a model explaining the formation process of oriented fibers in tendons based on the existing fiber theory. Impact statement As the structural base in connective tissue and load-bearing tissue, the orientation of collagen fibers plays an extremely important role in the mechanical properties and physiological and biochemical functions. However, the current understanding of the mechanism of fiber orientation is still insufficient, which is greatly responsible for the challenge of functional tissue repair and regeneration. Understanding the mechanism of fiber orientation can promote the successful application of fiber orientation scaffolds in tissue repair and regeneration, as well as providing an insight for the mechanism of tissue histomorphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiexiang Lin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yutao Men
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jinduo Ye
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Chunqiu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
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155
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Sohutskay DO, Puls TJ, Voytik-Harbin SL. Collagen Self-assembly: Biophysics and Biosignaling for Advanced Tissue Generation. MULTI-SCALE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX MECHANICS AND MECHANOBIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-20182-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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156
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Ferruzzi J, Zhang Y, Roblyer D, Zaman MH. Multi-scale Mechanics of Collagen Networks: Biomechanical Basis of Matrix Remodeling in Cancer. MULTI-SCALE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX MECHANICS AND MECHANOBIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-20182-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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157
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Alcântara ACS, Assis I, Prada D, Mehle K, Schwan S, Costa-Paiva L, Skaf MS, Wrobel LC, Sollero P. Patient-Specific Bone Multiscale Modelling, Fracture Simulation and Risk Analysis-A Survey. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 13:E106. [PMID: 31878356 PMCID: PMC6981613 DOI: 10.3390/ma13010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a starting point for researchers and practitioners from biology, medicine, physics and engineering who can benefit from an up-to-date literature survey on patient-specific bone fracture modelling, simulation and risk analysis. This survey hints at a framework for devising realistic patient-specific bone fracture simulations. This paper has 18 sections: Section 1 presents the main interested parties; Section 2 explains the organzation of the text; Section 3 motivates further work on patient-specific bone fracture simulation; Section 4 motivates this survey; Section 5 concerns the collection of bibliographical references; Section 6 motivates the physico-mathematical approach to bone fracture; Section 7 presents the modelling of bone as a continuum; Section 8 categorizes the surveyed literature into a continuum mechanics framework; Section 9 concerns the computational modelling of bone geometry; Section 10 concerns the estimation of bone mechanical properties; Section 11 concerns the selection of boundary conditions representative of bone trauma; Section 12 concerns bone fracture simulation; Section 13 presents the multiscale structure of bone; Section 14 concerns the multiscale mathematical modelling of bone; Section 15 concerns the experimental validation of bone fracture simulations; Section 16 concerns bone fracture risk assessment. Lastly, glossaries for symbols, acronyms, and physico-mathematical terms are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amadeus C. S. Alcântara
- Department of Computational Mechanics, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-860, Brazil; (A.C.S.A.); (D.P.)
| | - Israel Assis
- Department of Integrated Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-860, Brazil;
| | - Daniel Prada
- Department of Computational Mechanics, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-860, Brazil; (A.C.S.A.); (D.P.)
| | - Konrad Mehle
- Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Merseburg, 06217 Merseburg, Germany;
| | - Stefan Schwan
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany;
| | - Lúcia Costa-Paiva
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-887, Brazil;
| | - Munir S. Skaf
- Institute of Chemistry and Center for Computing in Engineering and Sciences, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-860, Brazil;
| | - Luiz C. Wrobel
- Institute of Materials and Manufacturing, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK;
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22451-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sollero
- Department of Computational Mechanics, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-860, Brazil; (A.C.S.A.); (D.P.)
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158
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Revealing the assembly of filamentous proteins with scanning transmission electron microscopy. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226277. [PMID: 31860683 PMCID: PMC6924676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous proteins are responsible for the superior mechanical strength of our cells and tissues. The remarkable mechanical properties of protein filaments are tied to their complex molecular packing structure. However, since these filaments have widths of several to tens of nanometers, it has remained challenging to quantitatively probe their molecular mass density and three-dimensional packing order. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is a powerful tool to perform simultaneous mass and morphology measurements on filamentous proteins at high resolution, but its applicability has been greatly limited by the lack of automated image processing methods. Here, we demonstrate a semi-automated tracking algorithm that is capable of analyzing the molecular packing density of intra- and extracellular protein filaments over a broad mass range from STEM images. We prove the wide applicability of the technique by analyzing the mass densities of two cytoskeletal proteins (actin and microtubules) and of the main protein in the extracellular matrix, collagen. The high-throughput and spatial resolution of our approach allow us to quantify the internal packing of these filaments and their polymorphism by correlating mass and morphology information. Moreover, we are able to identify periodic mass variations in collagen fibrils that reveal details of their axially ordered longitudinal self-assembly. STEM-based mass mapping coupled with our tracking algorithm is therefore a powerful technique in the characterization of a wide range of biological and synthetic filaments.
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159
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Chen J, Cai Z, Wei Q, Wang D, Wu J, Tan Y, Lu J, Ai H. Proanthocyanidin-crosslinked collagen/konjac glucomannan hydrogel with improved mechanical properties and MRI trackable biodegradation for potential tissue engineering scaffolds. J Mater Chem B 2019; 8:316-331. [PMID: 31819938 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02053e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Collagen (Col) has been intensively exploited as a biomaterial for its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradation and bioactivity. However, the poor mechanical properties and rapid biodegradation of reconstituted collagen hydrogels have always been the bottlenecks for their further development especially for vascular tissue engineering. Herein, based on the self-assembly characteristics of collagen, a ternary hydrogel scaffold, comprising rigid collagen molecules, flexible konjac glucomannan (KGM) chains and biocompatible crosslinkers of proanthocyanidin (PA), has been designed to achieve a synergistic interaction for essentially optimizing the mechanical properties of the so-obtained Col/KGM/PA hydrogel, which possesses not only substantially improved strength but also good elasticity. PA endows these scaffolds with controllable biodegradation and anti-calcification and antioxidant activities. TEM discovered the co-existence of two types of fibrils with distinctly different arrangement patterns, explaining the contribution of KGM macromolecules to elasticity generation. The in vivo variations of Col/KGM/PA implants are visualized in real-time by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Moreover, a quantitative technique of MRI T2-mapping combined with histology is designed to visualize the in vivo biodegradation mechanism of layer-by-layer erosion for these hydrogels. Simultaneously, three different relationships between the respective processes of in vivo degradation and in vivo dehydration of these controlled hydrogel implants were clearly revealed by this technique. Such a designed Col/KGM/PA composite hydrogel realizes the essential integration of good biocompatibility, controllable biodegradation and improved mechanical properties for developing a desired scaffold material for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlin Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Zhongyuan Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Qingrong Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Dan Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jun Wu
- School of medical imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Yanfei Tan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Jian Lu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Hua Ai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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160
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Fuentes-Corona CG, Licea-Rodriguez J, Younger R, Rangel-Rojo R, Potma EO, Rocha-Mendoza I. Second harmonic generation signal from type I collagen fibers grown in vitro. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:6449-6461. [PMID: 31853410 PMCID: PMC6913412 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.006449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a study of the optical second-order nonlinearity of type I collagen fibers grown in vitro via second harmonic generation (SHG) experiments and analyze the observed polarization-resolved SHG signal using previously reported SHG analytical expressions obtained for anisotropic tissue. Our results indicate that the effective second-order nonlinearity measured in the grown fibers is one order of magnitude lower than that of native collagen fibers. This is attributed to the formation of loose and dispersive fibrillar networks of thinner collagen fibrils that constitute the reassembled collagen fibers. This is confirmed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) imaging and the polarization dependence of the SHG signal. The measured values of the anisotropy parameter ρ of the reassembled collagen fibers are found to be similar to that obtained for native fibers on the relevant sub-µm scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Grethel Fuentes-Corona
- Departamento de Óptica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, No. 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860 Ensenada B.C., Mexico
| | - Jacob Licea-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Óptica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, No. 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860 Ensenada B.C., Mexico
- Cátedras CONACYT-Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carr Tijuana-Ensenada 3918, C.I.C.E.S.E., 22860 Ensenada, B.C., Mexico
| | - Rebecca Younger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Raul Rangel-Rojo
- Departamento de Óptica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, No. 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860 Ensenada B.C., Mexico
| | - Eric O Potma
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Israel Rocha-Mendoza
- Departamento de Óptica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, No. 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860 Ensenada B.C., Mexico
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161
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Functionalized helical fibre bundles of carbon nanotubes as electrochemical sensors for long-term in vivo monitoring of multiple disease biomarkers. Nat Biomed Eng 2019; 4:159-171. [DOI: 10.1038/s41551-019-0462-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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162
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Abstract
Stiff scales adorn the exterior surfaces of fishes, snakes, and many reptiles. They provide protection from external piercing attacks and control over global deformation behavior to aid locomotion, slithering, and swimming across a wide range of environmental condition. In this report, we investigate the dynamic behavior of biomimetic scale substrates for further understanding the origins of the nonlinearity that involve various aspect of scales interaction, sliding kinematics, interfacial friction, and their combination. Particularly, we study the vibrational characteristics through an analytical model and numerical investigations for the case of a simply supported scale covered beam. Our results reveal for the first time that biomimetic scale beams exhibit viscous damping behavior even when only Coulomb friction is postulated for free vibrations. We anticipate and quantify the anisotropy in the damping behavior with respect to curvature. We also find that unlike static pure bending where friction increases bending stiffness, a corresponding increase in natural frequency for the dynamic case does not arise for simply supported beam. Since both scale geometry, distribution and interfacial properties can be easily tailored, our study indicates a biomimetic strategy to design exceptional synthetic materials with tailorable damping behavior.
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163
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei Solomonov
- Department of Materials and Interfaces Weizmann Institute of Science 7610001 Rehovot Israel
| | - Ulyana Shimanovich
- Department of Materials and Interfaces Weizmann Institute of Science 7610001 Rehovot Israel
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164
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165
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Huang W, Restrepo D, Jung JY, Su FY, Liu Z, Ritchie RO, McKittrick J, Zavattieri P, Kisailus D. Multiscale Toughening Mechanisms in Biological Materials and Bioinspired Designs. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1901561. [PMID: 31268207 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Biological materials found in Nature such as nacre and bone are well recognized as light-weight, strong, and tough structural materials. The remarkable toughness and damage tolerance of such biological materials are conferred through hierarchical assembly of their multiscale (i.e., atomic- to macroscale) architectures and components. Herein, the toughening mechanisms of different organisms at multilength scales are identified and summarized: macromolecular deformation, chemical bond breakage, and biomineral crystal imperfections at the atomic scale; biopolymer fibril reconfiguration/deformation and biomineral nanoparticle/nanoplatelet/nanorod translation, and crack reorientation at the nanoscale; crack deflection and twisting by characteristic features such as tubules and lamellae at the microscale; and structure and morphology optimization at the macroscale. In addition, the actual loading conditions of the natural organisms are different, leading to energy dissipation occurring at different time scales. These toughening mechanisms are further illustrated by comparing the experimental results with computational modeling. Modeling methods at different length and time scales are reviewed. Examples of biomimetic designs that realize the multiscale toughening mechanisms in engineering materials are introduced. Indeed, there is still plenty of room mimicking the strong and tough biological designs at the multilength and time scale in Nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - David Restrepo
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Jae-Young Jung
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Frances Y Su
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Zengqian Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Fatigue and Fracture Division, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Robert O Ritchie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Joanna McKittrick
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Pablo Zavattieri
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - David Kisailus
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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166
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Yang J, Wang H, He L, Wei B, Xu C, Xu Y, Zhang J, Li S. Reconstituted Fibril from Heterogenic Collagens-A New Method to Regulate Properties of Collagen Gels. Macromol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-019-7160-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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167
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Dey S, Das S, Bhunia S, Chowdhury R, Mondal A, Bhattacharya B, Devarapalli R, Yasuda N, Moriwaki T, Mandal K, Mukherjee GD, Reddy CM. Mechanically interlocked architecture aids an ultra-stiff and ultra-hard elastically bendable cocrystal. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3711. [PMID: 31420538 PMCID: PMC6697680 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11657-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular crystals are not known to be as stiff as metals, composites and ceramics. Here we report an exceptional mechanical stiffness and high hardness in a known elastically bendable organic cocrystal [caffeine (CAF), 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoic acid (CNB) and methanol (1:1:1)] which is comparable to certain low-density metals. Spatially resolved atomic level studies reveal that the mechanically interlocked weak hydrogen bond networks which are separated by dispersive interactions give rise to these mechanical properties. Upon bending, the crystals significantly conserve the overall energy by efficient redistribution of stress while perturbations in hydrogen bonds are compensated by strengthened π-stacking. Furthermore we report a remarkable stiffening and hardening in the elastically bent crystal. Hence, mechanically interlocked architectures provide an unexplored route to reach new mechanical limits and adaptability in organic crystals. This proof of concept inspires the design of light-weight, stiff crystalline organics with potential to rival certain inorganics, which currently seem inconceivable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Dey
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Susobhan Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Surojit Bhunia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India.,Center for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Rituparno Chowdhury
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Amit Mondal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Biswajit Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Ramesh Devarapalli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Nobuhiro Yasuda
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Taro Moriwaki
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Kapil Mandal
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Goutam Dev Mukherjee
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - C Malla Reddy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India. .,Center for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India.
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168
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Snelgrove RJ, Patel DF. Zooming into the Matrix: Using Nonlinear Optical Microscopy to Visualize Collagen Remodeling in Asthmatic Airways. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 200:403-405. [PMID: 30985216 PMCID: PMC6701035 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201904-0722ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Snelgrove
- 1National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondon, United Kingdom
| | - Dhiren F Patel
- 1National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondon, United Kingdom
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169
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Ebrahimi H, Ali H, Alexander Horton R, Galvez J, Gordon AP, Ghosh R. Tailorable twisting of biomimetic scale-covered substrate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1209/0295-5075/127/24002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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170
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171
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Chowdhury SR, Mh Busra MF, Lokanathan Y, Ng MH, Law JX, Cletus UC, Binti Haji Idrus R. Collagen Type I: A Versatile Biomaterial. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1077:389-414. [PMID: 30357700 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0947-2_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Collagen type I is the most abundant matrix protein in the human body and is highly demanded in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and pharmaceutical applications. To meet the uprising demand in biomedical applications, collagen type I has been isolated from mammalians (bovine, porcine, goat and rat) and non-mammalians (fish, amphibian, and sea plant) source using various extraction techniques. Recent advancement enables fabrication of collagen scaffolds in multiple forms such as film, sponge, and hydrogel, with or without other biomaterials. The scaffolds are extensively used to develop tissue substitutes in regenerating or repairing diseased or damaged tissues. The 3D scaffolds are also used to develop in vitro model and as a vehicle for delivering drugs or active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiplu Roy Chowdhury
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fauzi Mh Busra
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yogeswaran Lokanathan
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Min Hwei Ng
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jia Xian Law
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ude Chinedu Cletus
- Bioartificial Organ and Regenerative Medicine Unit, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ruszymah Binti Haji Idrus
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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172
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173
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A multiscale synthesis: characterizing acute cartilage failure under an aggregate tibiofemoral joint loading. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2019; 18:1563-1575. [DOI: 10.1007/s10237-019-01159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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174
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Asgari M, Abi-Rafeh J, Hendy GN, Pasini D. Material anisotropy and elasticity of cortical and trabecular bone in the adult mouse femur via AFM indentation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 93:81-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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175
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Li J, Wu S, Kim E, Yan K, Liu H, Liu C, Dong H, Qu X, Shi X, Shen J, Bentley WE, Payne GF. Electrobiofabrication: electrically based fabrication with biologically derived materials. Biofabrication 2019; 11:032002. [PMID: 30759423 PMCID: PMC7025432 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab06ea] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While conventional material fabrication methods focus on form and strength to achieve function, the fabrication of material systems for emerging life science applications will need to satisfy a more subtle set of requirements. A common goal for biofabrication is to recapitulate complex biological contexts (e.g. tissue) for applications that range from animal-on-a-chip to regenerative medicine. In these cases, the material systems will need to: (i) present appropriate surface functionalities over a hierarchy of length scales (e.g. molecular features that enable cell adhesion and topographical features that guide differentiation); (ii) provide a suite of mechanobiological cues that promote the emergence of native-like tissue form and function; and (iii) organize structure to control cellular ingress and molecular transport, to enable the development of an interconnected cellular community that is engaged in cell signaling. And these requirements are not likely to be static but will vary over time and space, which will require capabilities of the material systems to dynamically respond, adapt, heal and reconfigure. Here, we review recent advances in the use of electrically based fabrication methods to build material systems from biological macromolecules (e.g. chitosan, alginate, collagen and silk). Electrical signals are especially convenient for fabrication because they can be controllably imposed to promote the electrophoresis, alignment, self-assembly and functionalization of macromolecules to generate hierarchically organized material systems. Importantly, this electrically based fabrication with biologically derived materials (i.e. electrobiofabrication) is complementary to existing methods (photolithographic and printing), and enables access to the biotechnology toolbox (e.g. enzymatic-assembly and protein engineering, and gene expression) to offer exquisite control of structure and function. We envision that electrobiofabrication will emerge as an important platform technology for organizing soft matter into dynamic material systems that mimic biology's complexity of structure and versatility of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Li
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, United States of America
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176
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Dudenkova VV, Shirmanova MV, Lukina MM, Feldshtein FI, Virkin A, Zagainova EV. Examination of Collagen Structure and State by the Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:S89-S107. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919140062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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177
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Malandrino A, Trepat X, Kamm RD, Mak M. Dynamic filopodial forces induce accumulation, damage, and plastic remodeling of 3D extracellular matrices. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1006684. [PMID: 30958816 PMCID: PMC6472805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM)–a complex, 3D, fibrillar scaffold of cells in physiological environments–modulate cell behavior and can drive tissue morphogenesis, regeneration, and disease progression. For simplicity, it is often convenient to assume these properties to be time-invariant. In living systems, however, cells dynamically remodel the ECM and create time-dependent local microenvironments. Here, we show how cell-generated contractile forces produce substantial irreversible changes to the density and architecture of physiologically relevant ECMs–collagen I and fibrin–in a matter of minutes. We measure the 3D deformation profiles of the ECM surrounding cancer and endothelial cells during stages when force generation is active or inactive. We further correlate these ECM measurements to both discrete fiber simulations that incorporate fiber crosslink unbinding kinetics and continuum-scale simulations that account for viscoplastic and damage features. Our findings further confirm that plasticity, as a mechanical law to capture remodeling in these networks, is fundamentally tied to material damage via force-driven unbinding of fiber crosslinks. These results characterize in a multiscale manner the dynamic nature of the mechanical environment of physiologically mimicking cell-in-gel systems. Many cells in the body are surrounded by a 3D extracellular matrix of interconnected protein fibers. The density and architecture of this protein fiber network can play important roles in controlling cell behavior. Deregulated biophysical properties of the extracellular environment are observed in diseases such as cancer. We demonstrate, through an integrated computational and experimental study, that cell-generated dynamic local forces rapidly and mechanically remodel the matrix, creating a non-homogeneous, densified region around the cell. This substantially increases extracellular matrix protein concentration in the vicinity of cells and alters matrix mechanical properties over time, creating a new microenvironment. Cells are known to respond to both biochemical and biomechanical properties of their surroundings. Our findings show that for mechanically active cells that exert dynamic forces onto the extracellular matrix, the physical properties of the surrounding environment that they sense are dynamic, and these dynamic properties should be taken into consideration in studies involving cell-matrix interactions, such as 3D traction force microscopy experiments in physiologically relevant environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Malandrino
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (AM); (RDK); (MM)
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roger D. Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AM); (RDK); (MM)
| | - Michael Mak
- Yale University, Biomedical Engineering Department, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AM); (RDK); (MM)
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178
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Preparation and Evaluation of Peptides with Potential Antioxidant Activity by Microwave Assisted Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Collagen from Sea Cucumber Acaudina Molpadioides Obtained from Zhejiang Province in China. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17030169. [PMID: 30875949 PMCID: PMC6471976 DOI: 10.3390/md17030169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was focused on the preparation and characterization of the antioxidant peptides by microwave-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis of collagen from sea cucumber Acaudina molpadioides (ASC-Am) obtained from Zhejiang Province in China. The results exhibited the effects of microwave irradiation on hydrolysis of ASC-Am with different protease. Neutrase was selected from the four common proteases (papain, pepsin, trypsin, and neutrase) based on the highest content and DPPH scavenging activity of hydrolysate Fa (Molecular weight < 1 kDa). The content and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity of Fa obtained by hydrolysis of neutrase increased by 100% and 109% respectively at a microwave power of 300 W compared with no microwave irradiation. Five subfractions were obtained after performing the gel filtration chromatography, and the Fa.2 exhibited the highest DPPH scavenging activity. The amino acid analysis showed that the contents of Glutamic acid, Alanine, Tyrosine, and Phenylalanine in fraction Fa.2 increased significantly, but an obvious decrease in the content of Glycine was observed compared to Fa. Four peptides (Fa.2-A, Fa.2-B, Fa.2-C, and Fa.2-D) were purified from Fa.2 by high performance liquid chromatography, and Fa.2-C showed the highest DPPH scavenging activity. The sequence of Fa.2-C was identified as Phenylalanine-Leucine- Alanine-Proline with a half elimination ratio (EC50) of 0.385 mg/mL. The antioxidant activity of Fa.2-C was probably attributed to the small molecular sizes and the presence of hydrophobic amino acid residues in its sequence. This report provided a promising method for the preparation of antioxidant peptides from collagen for food and medicinal purposes.
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179
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Jung Y, Ha BY. Confinement induces helical organization of chromosome-like polymers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:869. [PMID: 30696884 PMCID: PMC6351567 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37261-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Helical organization is commonly observed for a variety of biopolymers. Here we study the helical organization of two types of biopolymers, i.e., DNA-like semiflexible and bottle-brush polymers, in a cell-like confined space. A bottle-brush polymer consists of a backbone and side chains emanating from the backbone, resembling a supercoiled bacterial chromosome. Using computer simulations, we calculate 'writhe' distributions of confined biopolymers for a wide range of parameters. Our effort clarifies the conditions under which biopolymers are helically organized. While helical organization is not easily realized for DNA-like biomolecules, cylindrical confinement can induce spiral patterns in a bottle brush, similarly to what was observed with bacterial chromosomes. They also suggest that ring-shape bottle brushes have a stronger tendency for helical organization. We discuss how our results can be used to interpret chromosome experiments. For instance, they suggest that experimental resolution has unexpected consequences on writhe measurements (e.g., narrowing of the writhe distribution and kinetic separation of opposite helical states).
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngkyun Jung
- Supercomputing Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
| | - Bae-Yeun Ha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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180
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Santillán J, Dwomoh EA, Rodríguez-Avilés YG, Bello SA, Nicolau E. Fabrication and Evaluation of Polycaprolactone Beads-on-String Membranes for Applications in Bone Tissue Regeneration. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:1031-1040. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Santillán
- Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, 17 Ave. Universidad Ste. 1701, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00925-2537, United States
- Molecular Science Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, 1390 Ponce De León Ave, Suite 2, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931-3346, United States
| | - Emmanuel A. Dwomoh
- Department of Biology, City University of New York, City College, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Yaiel G. Rodríguez-Avilés
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, 17 Ave. Universidad Ste. 1701, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00925-2537, United States
| | - Samir A. Bello
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, 17 Ave. Universidad Ste. 1701, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00925-2537, United States
| | - Eduardo Nicolau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, 17 Ave. Universidad Ste. 1701, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00925-2537, United States
- Molecular Science Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, 1390 Ponce De León Ave, Suite 2, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931-3346, United States
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181
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Faisal TR, Adouni M, Dhaher YY. The effect of fibrillar degradation on the mechanics of articular cartilage: a computational model. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2019; 18:733-751. [DOI: 10.1007/s10237-018-01112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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182
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Colgrave ML, Allingham PG, Tyrrell K, Jones A. Multiple Reaction Monitoring for the Accurate Quantification of Amino Acids: Using Hydroxyproline to Estimate Collagen Content. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2030:33-45. [PMID: 31347108 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9639-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry may be regarded as the gold standard methodology for quantitative mass spectrometry and has been adopted for the analysis of small molecules especially within the pharmaceutical industry. It can also be applied to the analysis of peptides and proteins and to measurement of the basic building blocks of proteins, amino acids. Here we describe the application of MRM mass spectrometry to the measurement of hydroxyproline after acid hydrolysis of various animal tissues. We show that measurement of hydroxyproline provides an accurate and reliable estimate of the collagen content of such tissues and may be a useful indicator of meat tenderness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter G Allingham
- Agriculture and Food, CSIRO, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Sheep Industry Innovation, CJ Hawkins Homestead, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Kerri Tyrrell
- Agriculture and Food, CSIRO, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Alun Jones
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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183
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Carniel TA, Klahr B, Fancello EA. On multiscale boundary conditions in the computational homogenization of an RVE of tendon fascicles. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 91:131-138. [PMID: 30579110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Present study provides a numerical investigation on multiscale boundary conditions in the computational homogenization of a representative volume element (RVE) of tendon fascicles. A three-dimensional hexagonal-helicoidal finite element RVE composed of two material phases (collagen fibers and cells) and three finite strain viscoelastic models (collagen fibrils, matrix of fibers and cells) compose the multiscale model. Due to the unusual helical geometry of the RVE, the performance of four multiscale boundary conditions is evaluated: the linear boundary displacements model, the minimally constrained model and two mixed boundary conditions allying characteristics of both, linear and minimal models. Numerical results concerning microscopic kinematic fields and macroscopic stress-strain curves point out that one of the mixed models is able to predict the expected multiscale mechanics of the RVE, presenting sound agreement with experimental facts reported in literature, for example: characteristic non-linear shape of the stress-strain curves; macroscopic energy loss by hysteresis; axial rotation of fascicles observed in tensile tests; collagen fibrils are the main load-bearing components of tendons; cells contribute neither to the stiffness nor to the macroscopic energy loss. Moreover, the multiscale model provides important insights on the micromechanics of tendon fascicles, predicting a non-homogeneous and relevant strain localization on cells, even under physiological macroscopic strain amplitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago André Carniel
- GRANTE - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Bruno Klahr
- GRANTE - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Alberto Fancello
- GRANTE - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; LEBm - University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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184
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Quigley AS, Bancelin S, Deska-Gauthier D, Légaré F, Veres SP, Kreplak L. Combining tensile testing and structural analysis at the single collagen fibril level. Sci Data 2018; 5:180229. [PMID: 30351303 PMCID: PMC6198748 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2018.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tensile testing to failure followed by imaging is a simple way of studying the structure-function relationship of connective tissues such as skin, tendon, and ligament. However, interpretation of these datasets is complex due to the hierarchical structures of the tissues spanning six or more orders of magnitude in length scale. Here we present a dataset obtained through the same scheme at the single collagen fibril level, the fundamental tensile element of load-bearing tissues. Tensile testing was performed on fibrils extracted from two types of bovine tendons, adsorbed on a glass surface and glued at both ends. An atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to pull fibrils to failure in bowstring geometry. The broken fibrils were then imaged by AFM for morphological characterization, by second harmonic generation microscopy to assess changes to molecular packing, and by fluorescence microscopy after incubation with a peptide probe that binds specifically to denatured collagen molecules. This dataset linking stress-strain curves to post-failure molecular changes is useful for researchers modelling or designing functional protein materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Quigley
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bancelin
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux, Télécommunication, Varennes, Canada
| | | | - François Légaré
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux, Télécommunication, Varennes, Canada
| | - Samuel P Veres
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,Division of Engineering, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Laurent Kreplak
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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185
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High-performance nanomaterials formed by rigid yet extensible cyclic β-peptide polymers. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4090. [PMID: 30291243 PMCID: PMC6173727 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06576-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms have evolved biomaterials with an extraordinary convergence of high mechanical strength, toughness, and elasticity. In contrast, synthetic materials excel in stiffness or extensibility, and a combination of the two is necessary to exceed the performance of natural biomaterials. We bridge this materials property gap through the side-chain-to-side-chain polymerization of cyclic β-peptide rings. Due to their strong dipole moments, the rings self-assemble into rigid nanorods, stabilized by hydrogen bonds. Displayed amines serve as functionalization sites, or, if protonated, force the polymer to adopt an unfolded conformation. This molecular design enhances the processability and extensibility of the biopolymer. Molecular dynamics simulations predict stick-slip deformations dissipate energy at large strains, thereby, yielding toughness values greater than natural silks. Moreover, the synthesis route can be adapted to alter the dimensions and displayed chemistries of nanomaterials with mechanical properties that rival nature. Synthetic materials tend to excel in either stiffness or extensibility, whereas a combination of the two is necessary to exceed the performance of natural biomaterials. Here the authors present a bioinspired polymer consisting of cyclic β-peptide rings that is capable of transitioning between rigid and unfolded conformations on demand.
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186
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Ling S, Chen W, Fan Y, Zheng K, Jin K, Yu H, Buehler MJ, Kaplan DL. Biopolymer nanofibrils: structure, modeling, preparation, and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2018; 85:1-56. [PMID: 31915410 PMCID: PMC6948189 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biopolymer nanofibrils exhibit exceptional mechanical properties with a unique combination of strength and toughness, while also presenting biological functions that interact with the surrounding environment. These features of biopolymer nanofibrils profit from their hierarchical structures that spun angstrom to hundreds of nanometer scales. To maintain these unique structural features and to directly utilize these natural supramolecular assemblies, a variety of new methods have been developed to produce biopolymer nanofibrils. In particular, cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), chitin nanofibrils (ChNFs), silk nanofibrils (SNFs) and collagen nanofibrils (CoNFs), as the four most abundant biopolymer nanofibrils on earth, have been the focus of research in recent years due to their renewable features, wide availability, low-cost, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. A series of top-down and bottom-up strategies have been accessed to exfoliate and regenerate these nanofibrils for versatile advanced applications. In this review, we first summarize the structures of biopolymer nanofibrils in nature and outline their related computational models with the aim of disclosing fundamental structure-property relationships in biological materials. Then, we discuss the underlying methods used for the preparation of CNFs, ChNFs, SNF and CoNFs, and discuss emerging applications for these biopolymer nanofibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Ling
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Wenshuai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yimin Fan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Zheng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Kai Jin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Haipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Markus J. Buehler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
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187
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KRAIEM TESNIM, BARKAOUI ABDELWAHED, MERZOUKI TAREK, CHAFRA MOEZ. CROSS-LINKS MULTISCALE EFFECTS ON BONE ULTRASTRUCTURE BIOMECHANICAL BEHAVIOR. J MECH MED BIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519418500628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a multiscale combination of collagen molecules merged with mineral crystals. Its high rigidity and stability stem amply from its polymeric organic matrix and secondly from the connections established between interdifferent and intradifferent scale components through cross-links. Several studies have shown that the cross-links inhibition results in a reduction in strength of bone but they do not quantify the degree to which these connections contribute to the bone rigidity and toughness. This report is classified among the few works that measure the cross-links multiscale impact on the ultrastructure bone mechanical behavior. This work aims firstly to study the effect of cross-links at the molecule scale and secondly to gather from literature studies results handling with cross-links effects on the other bone ultrastructure scales in order to reveal the multiscale effect of cross-links. This study proves that cross-links increasing number improves the mechanical performance of each scale of bone ultrastructure. On the other hand, cross-links have a multiscale contribution that depends on its rank related to existing cross-links connecting the same geometries and it depends on mechanical characteristics of geometries connected.
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Affiliation(s)
- TESNIM KRAIEM
- LR-11-ES19 Laboratoire de Mécanique Appliquée et Ingénierie (LR-MAI), Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar 1002, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - ABDELWAHED BARKAOUI
- Laboratoire des Energies Renouvelables et Matériaux Avancés (LERMA), Ecole Supérieure de l’Ingénierie de l’Energie, Université Internationale de Rabat, Rocade RabatSalé, 11100, Rabat-Sala El Jadida, Morocco
| | - TAREK MERZOUKI
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systèmes de Versailles LISV, Université of Versailles Saint-Quentin 10-12 avenue, de l’Europe, 78140 Vélisy, France
| | - MOEZ CHAFRA
- Laboratoire de Systèmes et de Mécanique Appliquée (LASMAP), Ecole Polytechnique de Tunis, Université de Carthage, 2078, La Marsa, Tunisia
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188
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Martin-Martinez FJ, Jin K, López Barreiro D, Buehler MJ. The Rise of Hierarchical Nanostructured Materials from Renewable Sources: Learning from Nature. ACS NANO 2018; 12:7425-7433. [PMID: 30102024 PMCID: PMC6467252 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b04379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Mimicking Nature implies the use of bio-inspired hierarchical designs to manufacture nanostructured materials. Such materials should be produced from sustainable sources ( e.g., biomass) and through simple processes that use mild conditions, enabling sustainable solutions. The combination of different types of nanomaterials and the implementation of different features at different length scales can provide synthetic hierarchical nanostructures that mimic natural materials, outperforming the properties of their constitutive building blocks. Taking recent developments in flow-assisted assembly of nanocellulose crystals as a starting point, we review the state of the art and provide future perspectives on the manufacture of hierarchical nanostructured materials from sustainable sources, assembly techniques, and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Martin-Martinez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Kai Jin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Diego López Barreiro
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Markus J Buehler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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189
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Kroy K. The Inelastic Hierarchy: Multiscale Biomechanics of Weak Bonds. Biophys J 2018; 111:898-9. [PMID: 27602716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Kroy
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leipzig, Germany.
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190
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Bharmoria P, Hisamitsu S, Nagatomi H, Ogawa T, Morikawa MA, Yanai N, Kimizuka N. Simple and Versatile Platform for Air-Tolerant Photon Upconverting Hydrogels by Biopolymer-Surfactant-Chromophore Co-assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10848-10855. [PMID: 30052038 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exploration of triplet-triplet annihilation based photon upconversion (TTA-UC) in aqueous environments faces difficulty such as chromophores insolubility and deactivation of excited triplets by dissolved oxygen molecules. We propose a new strategy of biopolymer-surfactant-chromophore coassembly to overcome these issues. Air-stable TTA-UC with a high upconversion efficiency of 13.5% was achieved in hydrogel coassembled from gelatin, Triton X-100 and upconverting chromophores (triplet sensitizer and emitter). This is comparable to the highest UC efficiency observed to date for air-saturated aqueous UC systems. Moreover, this is the first example of air-stable TTA-UC in the form of hydrogels, widening the applicability of TTA-UC in biological applications. The keys are two-fold. First, gelatin and the surfactant self-assemble in water to give a developed hierarchical structure with hydrophobic domains which accommodate chromophores up to high concentrations. Second, thick hydrogen-bonding networks of gelatin backbone prevent O2 inflow to the hydrophobic interior, as evidenced by long acceptor triplet lifetime of 4.9 ms. Air-stable TTA-UC was also achieved for gelatin with other nonionic surfactants (Tween 80 and Pluronic f127) and Triton X-100 with other gelling biopolymers (sodium alginate and agarose), demonstrating the versatility of current strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Bharmoria
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) , Kyushu University , 744 Moto-oka , Nishi-ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Shota Hisamitsu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) , Kyushu University , 744 Moto-oka , Nishi-ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Hisanori Nagatomi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) , Kyushu University , 744 Moto-oka , Nishi-ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Taku Ogawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) , Kyushu University , 744 Moto-oka , Nishi-ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Masa-Aki Morikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) , Kyushu University , 744 Moto-oka , Nishi-ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yanai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) , Kyushu University , 744 Moto-oka , Nishi-ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Nobuo Kimizuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) , Kyushu University , 744 Moto-oka , Nishi-ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
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191
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Steered molecular dynamics characterization of the elastic modulus and deformation mechanisms of single natural tropocollagen molecules. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 86:359-367. [PMID: 30015207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is a common structural protein, providing mechanical integrity for various vertebrate connective tissues such as cartilage and bone. The mechanical behaviours of these tissues under physical stimulations are controlled by the hierarchical structure of collagen and its interactions with other extracellular matrix molecules. However, the mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of natural collagen under physiological loading rates at the molecular level are not fully understood. In this study, comprehensive steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations were performed on the 2nd intact overlap region (d2ol) and the 2nd intact D-period (d2olgp) of an in-situ characterized collagen molecule, under a large range of strain rates (6.5 × 106% s-1 to 1.3 × 1012% s-1). The results show that, depending on the applied strain rates, tropocollagen molecules unfold in different ways. Particularly, at high and intermediate strain rates, the number of inter-chain hydrogen bonds decreases rapidly even at small deformations, leading to a dramatic increase in the force. This results in an increase in the estimated Young's modulus of collagen triple helices as the deformation rate goes up, which, together with the nonlinear mechanical behaviour, explains the broad range of the Young's modulus for collagen model peptides reported in earlier SMD studies. Atomistic-level analyses indicate that the elastic modulus of single tropocollagen molecules decreases as the strain rate becomes smaller. However, for strain rates below 1.3 × 108% s-1, the tangent Young's modulus of d2ol (d2olgp) converges to approximately 3.2 GPa (3.4 GPa), at the strain of 10.5% (12%) when the segment is fully uncrimped. Furthermore, for strain rates under 1.3 × 108% s-1, d2ol and d2olgp show identical deformation mechanisms (unwinding, uncoiling and backbone stretching), but the corresponding strain ranges are different. This study will aid in future studies on characterizing the mechanical properties of collagen molecules and collagen-like peptides by indicating the proper pulling strain rates and how to determine the suitable strain range used for evaluating the elastic modulus.
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192
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Bas O, Catelas I, De-Juan-Pardo EM, Hutmacher DW. The quest for mechanically and biologically functional soft biomaterials via soft network composites. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 132:214-234. [PMID: 30048654 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Developing multifunctional soft biomaterials capable of addressing all the requirements of the complex tissue regeneration process is a multifaceted problem. In order to tackle the current challenges, recent research efforts are increasingly being directed towards biomimetic design concepts that can be translated into soft biomaterials via advanced manufacturing technologies. Among those, soft network composites consisting of a continuous hydrogel matrix and a reinforcing fibrous network closely resemble native soft biological materials in terms of design and composition as well as physicochemical properties. This article reviews soft network composite systems with a particular emphasis on the design, biomaterial and fabrication aspects within the context of soft tissue engineering and drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Bas
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty (SEF), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Isabelle Catelas
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty (SEF), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Elena M De-Juan-Pardo
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty (SEF), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Dietmar W Hutmacher
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty (SEF), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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193
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Tehrani M, Ghalamzan Z, Sarvestani A. Polydispersity controls the strength of semi-flexible polymer networks. Phys Biol 2018; 15:066002. [PMID: 29771241 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/aac5a8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The classical theory of polymer elasticity is built upon the assumption of network monodispersity-the premise that polymer networks are comprised of sub-chains of equal length. The crosslinking of biopolymers, however, is a random process and the resultant networks are likely to be polydisperse. The effect of structural polydispersity on the mechanical behavior of biopolymer networks is not well understood. The purpose of this contribution is to show how network polydispersity controls mechanical behavior and the ultimate properties of crosslinked semi-flexible filaments at finite deformations. The proposed micromechanical continuum model is based on the force-elongation relation of individual chains of different lengths. It is shown that the mechanical strength of the network is controlled by the finite-extensibility of filaments and the degradation of shorter filaments at relatively small stretches. The progressive failure of filaments continues and eventually determines the ultimate strength of the network. The predicted stress-stretch behaviors are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data for connective tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Tehrani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, United States of America
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194
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Abstract
The formation of ordered nanostructures by molecular self-assembly of proteins and peptides represents one of the principal directions in nanotechnology. Indeed, polyamides provide superior features as materials with diverse physical properties. A reductionist approach allowed the identification of extremely short peptide sequences, as short as dipeptides, which could form well-ordered amyloid-like β-sheet-rich assemblies comparable to supramolecular structures made of much larger proteins. Some of the peptide assemblies show remarkable mechanical, optical, and electrical characteristics. Another direction of reductionism utilized a natural noncoded amino acid, α-aminoisobutryic acid, to form short superhelical assemblies. The use of this exceptional helix inducer motif allowed the fabrication of single heptad repeats used in various biointerfaces, including their use as surfactants and DNA-binding agents. Two additional directions of the reductionist approach include the use of peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) and coassembly techniques. The diversified accomplishments of the reductionist approach, as well as the exciting future advances it bears, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehud Gazit
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
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195
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Jeszeová L, Bauerová-Hlinková V, Baráth P, Puškárová A, Bučková M, Kraková L, Pangallo D. Biochemical and proteomic characterization of the extracellular enzymatic preparate of Exiguobacterium undae, suitable for efficient animal glue removal. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6525-6536. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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196
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Paschou AM, Katsikini M, Christofilos D, Arvanitidis J, Ves S. High pressure Raman study of type-I collagen. FEBS J 2018; 285:2641-2653. [PMID: 29775998 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The high pressure response of type-I collagen from bovine Achilles tendon is investigated with micro-Raman spectroscopy. Fluorinert™ and methanol-ethanol mixtures were used as pressure transmitting media (PTM) in a diamond anvil cell. The Raman spectrum of collagen is dominated by three bands centred at approximately 1450, 1660 and 2930 cm-1 , attributed to C-H deformation, C=O stretching of the peptide bond (amide-I band) and C-H stretching modes respectively. Upon pressure increase, using Fluorinert™ as PTM, a shift towards higher frequencies of the C-H stretching and deformation peaks is observed. Contrary, the amide-I band peaks are shifted to lower frequencies with moderate pressure slopes. On the other hand, when using the alcohol mixture as PTM, the amide-I band exhibits more pronounced C=O bond softening, deduced from the shift to lower frequencies, suggesting a strengthening of the hydrogen bonds between glycine and proline residues of different collagen chains due to the presence of the polar alcohol molecules. Furthermore, some of the peaks exhibit abrupt changes in their pressure slopes at approximately 2 GPa, implying a variation in the compressibility of the collagen fibres. This could be attributed to a pitch change from 10/3 to 7/2, sliding of the tropocollagen molecules, twisting variation at the molecular level and/or elimination of the D-gaps induced by kink compression. All spectral changes are reversible upon pressure release, which indicates that denaturation has not taken place. Finally, a minor lipid phase contamination was detected in some sample spots. Its pressure response is also monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Maria Paschou
- Department of Solid State Physics, School of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Katsikini
- Department of Solid State Physics, School of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Christofilos
- Department of Technologies, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - John Arvanitidis
- Department of Solid State Physics, School of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sotirios Ves
- Department of Solid State Physics, School of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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197
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Daghma DES, Malhan D, Simon P, Stötzel S, Kern S, Hassan F, Lips KS, Heiss C, El Khassawna T. Computational segmentation of collagen fibers in bone matrix indicates bone quality in ovariectomized rat spine. J Bone Miner Metab 2018; 36:297-306. [PMID: 28589410 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-017-0844-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone loss varies according to disease and age and these variations affect bone cells and extracellular matrix. Osteoporosis rat models are widely investigated to assess mechanical and structural properties of bone; however, bone matrix proteins and their discrepant regulation of diseased and aged bone are often overlooked. The current study considered the spine matrix properties of ovariectomized rats (OVX) against control rats (Sham) at 16 months of age. Diseased bone showed less compact structure with inhomogeneous distribution of type 1 collagen (Col1) and changes in osteocyte morphology. Intriguingly, demineralization patches were noticed in the vicinity of blood vessels in the OVX spine. The organic matrix structure was investigated using computational segmentation of collagen fibril properties. In contrast to the aged bone, diseased bone showed longer fibrils and smaller orientation angles. The study shows the potential of quantifying transmission electron microscopy images to predict the mechanical properties of bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diaa Eldin S Daghma
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Aulweg 128, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Deeksha Malhan
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Aulweg 128, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Paul Simon
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabine Stötzel
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Aulweg 128, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kern
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Aulweg 128, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Fathi Hassan
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Aulweg 128, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katrin Susanne Lips
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Aulweg 128, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Heiss
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Aulweg 128, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Campus Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thaqif El Khassawna
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Aulweg 128, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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198
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Linka K, Hillgärtner M, Itskov M. Fatigue of soft fibrous tissues: Multi-scale mechanics and constitutive modeling. Acta Biomater 2018; 71:398-410. [PMID: 29550441 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent experimental studies a possible damage mechanism of collagenous tissues mainly caused by fatigue was disclosed. In this contribution, a multi-scale constitutive model ranging from the tropocollagen (TC) molecule level up to bundles of collagen fibers is proposed and utilized to predict the elastic and inelastic long-term tissue response. Material failure of collagen fibrils is elucidated by a permanent opening of the triple helical collagen molecule conformation, triggered either by overstretching or reaction kinetics of non-covalent bonds. This kinetics is described within a probabilistic framework of adhesive detachments of molecular linkages providing collagen fiber integrity. Both intramolecular and interfibrillar linkages are considered. The final constitutive equations are validated against recent experimental data available in literature for both uniaxial tension to failure and the evolution of fatigue in subsequent loading cycles. All material parameters of the proposed model have a clear physical interpretation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Irreversible changes take place at different length scales of soft fibrous tissues under supra-physiological loading and alter their macroscopic mechanical properties. Understanding the evolution of those histologic pathologies under loading and incorporating them into a continuum mechanical framework appears to be crucial in order to predict long-term evolution of various diseases and to support the development of tissue engineering.
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199
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Wiens R, Findlay CR, Baldwin SG, Kreplak L, Lee JM, Veres SP, Gough KM. High spatial resolution (1.1 μm and 20 nm) FTIR polarization contrast imaging reveals pre-rupture disorder in damaged tendon. Faraday Discuss 2018; 187:555-73. [PMID: 27048856 DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00168d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is a major constituent in many life forms; in mammals, collagen appears as a component of skin, bone, tendon and cartilage, where it performs critical functions. Vibrational spectroscopy methods are excellent for studying the structure and function of collagen-containing tissues, as they provide molecular insight into composition and organization. The latter is particularly important for collagenous materials, given that a key feature is their hierarchical, oriented structure, organized from molecular to macroscopic length scales. Here, we present the first results of high-resolution FTIR polarization contrast imaging, at 1.1 μm and 20 nm scales, on control and mechanically damaged tendon. The spectroscopic data are supported with parallel SEM and correlated AFM imaging. Our goal is to explore the changes induced in tendon after the application of damaging mechanical stress, and the consequences for the healing processes. The results and possibilities for the application of these high-spatial-resolution FTIR techniques in spectral pathology, and eventually in clinical applications, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Wiens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Catherine R Findlay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Samuel G Baldwin
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Laurent Kreplak
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - J Michael Lee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada and Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Samuel P Veres
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada and Division of Engineering, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Kathleen M Gough
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
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200
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Wells HC, Sizeland KH, Kirby N, Hawley A, Mudie S, Haverkamp RG. Acellular dermal matrix collagen responds to strain by intermolecular spacing contraction with fibril extension and rearrangement. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 79:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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