151
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PML nuclear body disruption impairs DNA double-strand break sensing and repair in APL. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2308. [PMID: 27468685 PMCID: PMC4973339 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proteins involved in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair localize within the promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML-NBs), whose disruption is at the root of the acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) pathogenesis. All-trans-retinoic acid (RA) treatment induces PML-RARα degradation, restores PML-NB functions, and causes terminal cell differentiation of APL blasts. However, the precise role of the APL-associated PML-RARα oncoprotein and PML-NB integrity in the DSB response in APL leukemogenesis and tumor suppression is still lacking. Primary leukemia blasts isolated from APL patients showed high phosphorylation levels of H2AX (γ-H2AX), an initial DSBs sensor. By addressing the consequences of ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DSB response in primary APL blasts and RA-responsive and -resistant myeloid cell lines carrying endogenous or ectopically expressed PML-RARα, before and after treatment with RA, we found that the disruption of PML-NBs is associated with delayed DSB response, as revealed by the impaired kinetic of disappearance of γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci and activation of ATM and of its substrates H2AX, NBN, and CHK2. The disruption of PML-NB integrity by PML-RARα also affects the IR-induced DSB response in a preleukemic mouse model of APL in vivo. We propose the oncoprotein-dependent PML-NB disruption and DDR impairment as relevant early events in APL tumorigenesis.
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152
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Colis LC, Herzon SB. Synergistic potentiation of (-)-lomaiviticin A cytotoxicity by the ATR inhibitor VE-821. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3122-3126. [PMID: 27177826 PMCID: PMC4899226 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
(-)-Lomaiviticin A (1) is a cytotoxic bacterial metabolite that induces double-strand breaks in DNA. Here we show that the cytotoxicity of (-)-lomaiviticin A (1) is synergistically potentiated in the presence of VE-821 (7), an inhibitor of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR). While 0.5nM 1 or 10μM 7 alone are non-lethal to K562 cells, co-incubation of the two leads to high levels of cell kill (81% and 94% after 24 and 48h, respectively). Mechanistic data indicate that cells treated with 1 and 7 suffer extensive DNA double-strand breaks and apoptosis. These data suggest combinations of 1 and 7 may be a valuable chemotherapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laureen C Colis
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Seth B Herzon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
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153
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Tse KH, Herrup K. DNA damage in the oligodendrocyte lineage and its role in brain aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 161:37-50. [PMID: 27235538 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Myelination is a recent evolutionary addition that significantly enhances the speed of transmission in the neural network. Even slight defects in myelin integrity impair performance and enhance the risk of neurological disorders. Indeed, myelin degeneration is an early and well-recognized neuropathology that is age associated, but appears before cognitive decline. Myelin is only formed by fully differentiated oligodendrocytes, but the entire oligodendrocyte lineage are clear targets of the altered chemistry of the aging brain. As in neurons, unrepaired DNA damage accumulates in the postmitotic oligodendrocyte genome during normal aging, and indeed may be one of the upstream causes of cellular aging - a fact well illustrated by myelin co-morbidity in premature aging syndromes arising from deficits in DNA repair enzymes. The clinical and experimental evidence from Alzheimer's disease, progeroid syndromes, ataxia-telangiectasia and other conditions strongly suggest that oligodendrocytes may in fact be uniquely vulnerable to oxidative DNA damage. If this damage remains unrepaired, as is increasingly true in the aging brain, myelin gene transcription and oligodendrocyte differentiation is impaired. Delineating the relationships between early myelin loss and DNA damage in brain aging will offer an additional dimension outside the neurocentric view of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hei Tse
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Karl Herrup
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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154
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Yalon M, Tuval-Kochen L, Castel D, Moshe I, Mazal I, Cohen O, Avivi C, Rosenblatt K, Aviel-Ronen S, Schiby G, Yahalom J, Amariglio N, Pfeffer R, Lawrence Y, Toren A, Rechavi G, Paglin S. Overcoming Resistance of Cancer Cells to PARP-1 Inhibitors with Three Different Drug Combinations. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155711. [PMID: 27196668 PMCID: PMC4873128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of poly[ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARPis) show promise for treatment of cancers which lack capacity for homologous recombination repair (HRR). However, new therapeutic strategies are required in order to overcome innate and acquired resistance to these drugs and thus expand the array of cancers that could benefit from them. We show that human cancer cell lines which respond poorly to ABT-888 (a PARPi), become sensitive to it when co-treated with vorinostat (a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi)). Vorinostat also sensitized PARPis insensitive cancer cell lines to 6-thioguanine (6-TG)–a drug that targets PARPis sensitive cells. The sensitizing effect of vorinostat was associated with increased phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 2α which in and of itself increases the sensitivity of cancer cells to ABT-888. Importantly, these drug combinations did not affect survival of normal fibroblasts and breast cells, and significantly increased the inhibition of xenograft tumor growth relative to each drug alone, without affecting the mice weight or their liver and kidney function. Our results show that combination of vorinostat and ABT-888 could potentially prove useful for treatment of cancer with innate resistance to PARPis due to active HRR machinery, while the combination of vorinostat and 6-TG could potentially overcome innate or acquired resistance to PARPis due to secondary or reversal BRCA mutations, to decreased PARP-1 level or to increased expression of multiple drug resistant proteins. Importantly, drugs which increase phosphorylation of eIF2α may mimic the sensitizing effect of vorinostat on cellular response to PARPis or to 6-TG, without activating all of its downstream effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Yalon
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
- Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Liron Tuval-Kochen
- Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - David Castel
- Neufeld Cardiac Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Itai Moshe
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Inbal Mazal
- Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Osher Cohen
- Department of Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Camila Avivi
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
| | | | - Sarit Aviel-Ronen
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Ginette Schiby
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Joachim Yahalom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering, New York 10021, United States of America
| | - Ninette Amariglio
- Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Raphael Pfeffer
- Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Yaacov Lawrence
- Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Amos Toren
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
- Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Gideon Rechavi
- Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Shoshana Paglin
- Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
- * E-mail:
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155
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Gaupel AC, Begley TJ, Tenniswood M. Gcn5 Modulates the Cellular Response to Oxidative Stress and Histone Deacetylase Inhibition. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:1982-92. [PMID: 25755069 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
To identify chemical genetic interactions underlying the mechanism of action of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) a yeast deletion library was screened for hypersensitive deletion mutants that confer increased sensitivity to the HDACi, CG-1521. The screen demonstrated that loss of GCN5 or deletion of components of the Gcn5 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex, SAGA, sensitizes yeast to CG-1521-induced cell death. Expression profiling after CG-1521 treatment reveals increased expression of genes involved in metabolism and oxidative stress response, and oxidative stress response mutants are hypersensitive to CG-1521 treatment. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species and increased cell death are enhanced in the gcn5Δ deletion mutant, and are abrogated by anti-oxidants, indicating a central role of oxidative stress in CG-1521-induced cell death. In human cell lines, siRNA mediated knockdown of GCN5 or PCAF, or chemical inhibition of GCN5 enzymatic activity, increases the sensitivity to CG-1521 and SAHA. These data suggest that the combination of HDAC and GCN5/PCAF inhibitors can be used for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Christin Gaupel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, New York.,Cancer Research Center, University at Albany, New York
| | - Thomas J Begley
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany, New York.,Nanobioscience Constellation, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Albany, New York
| | - Martin Tenniswood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, New York.,Cancer Research Center, University at Albany, New York
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156
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Newbold A, Falkenberg KJ, Prince HM, Johnstone RW. How do tumor cells respond to HDAC inhibition? FEBS J 2016; 283:4032-4046. [PMID: 27112360 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is now well recognized that mutations, deregulated expression, and aberrant recruitment of epigenetic readers, writers, and erasers are fundamentally important processes in the onset and maintenance of many human tumors. The molecular, biological, and biochemical characteristics of a particular class of epigenetic erasers, the histone deacetylases (HDACs), have been extensively studied and small-molecule HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) have now been clinically approved for the treatment of human hemopoietic malignancies. This review explores our current understanding of the biological and molecular effects on tumor cells following HDACi treatment. The predominant responses include induction of tumor cell death and inhibition of proliferation that in experimental models have been linked to therapeutic efficacy. However, tumor cell-intrinsic responses to HDACi, including modulating tumor immunogenicity have also been described and may have substantial roles in mediating the antitumor effects of HDACi. We posit that the field has failed to fully reconcile the biological consequences of exposure to HDACis with the molecular events that underpin these responses, however progress is being made. Understanding the pleiotrophic activities of HDACis on tumor cells will hopefully fast track the development of more potent and selective HDACi that may be used alone or in combination to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Newbold
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | | | - H Miles Prince
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Division of Cancer Medicine, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Ricky W Johnstone
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
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157
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Wang Y, Hu PC, Ma YB, Fan R, Gao FF, Zhang JW, Wei L. Sodium butyrate-induced apoptosis and ultrastructural changes in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Ultrastruct Pathol 2016; 40:200-4. [PMID: 27158913 DOI: 10.3109/01913123.2016.1170083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of sodium butyrate (NaB) on Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) breast cancer cells and analyzed the relevant mechanism. Here, we demonstrated that a certain concentration of NaB effectively induced MCF-7 cell apoptosis. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to detect cell viability and the apoptosis rate. Western blotting was used to detect changes in the Bcl-2 expression level. We observed cell shape changes with microscopy. Immunofluorescence revealed some apoptotic nuclei. Electron microscopy revealed thick nucleoli, chromatin margination, reduced mitochondria, and dramatic vacuoles. Collectively, our findings elucidated the morphological mechanism by which NaB changed the ultrastructure of MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- a Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Peng-Chao Hu
- a Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Yan-Bin Ma
- a Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Rong Fan
- a Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Fang-Fang Gao
- a Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Jing-Wei Zhang
- b Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center , Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Lei Wei
- a Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
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158
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MMSET/WHSC1 enhances DNA damage repair leading to an increase in resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Oncogene 2016; 35:5905-5915. [PMID: 27109101 PMCID: PMC6071667 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MMSET/WHSC1 is a histone methyltransferase (HMT) overexpressed in t(4;14)+ multiple myeloma (MM) patients, believed to be the driving factor in the pathogenesis of this MM subtype. MMSET overexpression in MM leads to an increase in histone 3 lysine 36 dimethylation (H3K36me2), and a decrease in histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), as well as changes in proliferation, gene expression, and chromatin accessibility. Prior work linked methylation of histones to the ability of cells to undergo DNA damage repair. In addition, t(4;14)+ patients frequently relapse after regimens that include DNA damage-inducing agents, suggesting that MMSET may play a role in DNA damage repair and response. In U2OS cells, we found that MMSET is required for efficient non-homologous end joining as well as homologous recombination. Loss of MMSET led to loss of expression of several DNA repair proteins, as well as decreased recruitment of DNA repair proteins to sites of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Using genetically matched MM cell lines that had either high (pathological) or low (physiological) expression of MMSET, we found that MMSET high cells had increased damage at baseline. Upon addition of a DNA damaging agent, MMSET high cells repaired DNA damage at an enhanced rate and continued to proliferate, whereas MMSET low cells accumulated DNA damage and entered cell cycle arrest. In a murine xenograft model using t(4;14)+ KMS11 MM cells harboring an inducible MMSET shRNA, depletion of MMSET enhanced the efficacy of chemotherapy, inhibiting tumor growth and extending survival. These findings help explain the poorer prognosis of t(4;14) MM and further validate MMSET as a potential therapeutic target in MM and other cancers.
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159
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Preclinical antitumor activity of ST7612AA1: a new oral thiol-based histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. Oncotarget 2016; 6:5735-48. [PMID: 25671299 PMCID: PMC4467398 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ST7612AA1 (property of Sigma-Tau), a thioacetate-ω (γ-lactam amide) derivative, is a potent, second generation, oral pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi). Aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of ST7612AA1 in solid and haematological tumors, and to characterize its mechanism of action. In vitro, ST7612AA1 potently inhibited different class I and class II HDACs, leading to restore the balance of both histone and non-histone protein acetylation. In vivo, it induced significant anti-tumor effects in xenograft models of lung, colon, breast and ovarian carcinomas, leukemia and lymphoma. This was likely due to the modulation of different HDAC substrates and induction of transcriptional changes with respect to several genes involved in key processes, such as cell cycle regulation, DNA damage checkpoints, immune response, cell adhesion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. PK analysis confirmed the pro-drug nature of ST7612AA1, which is rapidly absorbed and converted to ST7464AA1 after a single oral dose in mice. ST7612AA1 was selected from a novel generation of oral HDAC inhibitors. Its high efficacy correlated with its potent and selective inhibitory activity of HDAC and was combined with a favorable pharmacodynamics profile. These aspects support a clinical development of ST7612AA1 towards a broad spectrum of human solid and haematologic malignancies.
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160
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Luo Y, Wang H, Zhao X, Dong C, Zhang F, Guo G, Guo G, Wang X, Powell SN, Feng Z. Valproic acid causes radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells via disrupting the DNA repair pathway. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:859-870. [PMID: 30090395 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00476d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) is one of the representative compounds of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) and is used widely for the clinical treatment of epilepsy and other convulsive diseases. Current reports indicate that HDACis may also be an attractive radiosensitizer for some tumor cells; however, it is unknown whether the safe blood concentration of VPA (0.3-0.8 mM) used for the treatment of epilepsy can also induce radiosensitivity in breast cancer cells. In addition, the mechanism by which VPA may induce radiosensitivity in breast cancer cells is yet to be determined. Our results clearly indicated that VPA at a safe dose (0.5 mM) could significantly increase the radiosensitivity of MCF7 breast cancer cells and result in more accumulation of DNA double strand breaks in response to DNA damage. After VPA treatment, the frequencies of homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) tested by recombination substrates, pDR-GFP and EJ5-GFP, were dramatically decreased in the cells without the change of the cell cycle profile. It was further found that VPA could inhibit the recruitment of key repair proteins to DNA break areas, such as Rad51, BRCA1, and Ku80. Thus, our results demonstrated that a safe dose of VPA causes radiosensitivity in breast cancer cells through disrupting the molecular mechanisms of both BRCA1-Rad51-mediated HR and Ku80-mediated NHEJ pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Luo
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine , The Public Health School , Shandong University , Shandong , Jinan , China .
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine , The Public Health School , Shandong University , Shandong , Jinan , China .
| | - Xipeng Zhao
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine , The Public Health School , Shandong University , Shandong , Jinan , China .
| | - Chao Dong
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine , The Public Health School , Shandong University , Shandong , Jinan , China .
| | - Fengmei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine , The Public Health School , Shandong University , Shandong , Jinan , China .
| | - Gang Guo
- Image Center , Jinan Third People's Hospital , Shandong Province , Shandong , Jinan , China
| | - Gongshe Guo
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University , Shandong , Jinan , China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , USA
| | - Simon N Powell
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Biology Program , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , USA
| | - Zhihui Feng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine , The Public Health School , Shandong University , Shandong , Jinan , China .
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161
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Lutz L, Fitzner IC, Ahrens T, Geißler AL, Makowiec F, Hopt UT, Bogatyreva L, Hauschke D, Werner M, Lassmann S. Histone modifiers and marks define heterogeneous groups of colorectal carcinomas and affect responses to HDAC inhibitors in vitro. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:664-676. [PMID: 27152243 PMCID: PMC4851845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about histone modifiers and histone marks in colorectal cancers (CRC). The present study therefore addressed the role of histone acetylation and histone deacetylases (HDAC) in CRCs in situ and in vitro. Immunohistochemistry of primary CRCs (n=47) revealed that selected histone marks were frequently present (H3K4me3: 100%; H3K9me3: 77%; H3K9ac: 75%), partially displayed intratumoral heterogeneity (H3K9me3; H3K9ac) and were significantly linked to higher pT category (H3K9me3: p=0.023; H3K9ac: p=0.028). Furthermore, also HDAC1 (62%), HDAC2 (100%) and HDAC3 (72%) expression was frequent, revealing four CRC types: cases expressing 1) HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC3 (49%), 2) HDAC2 and HDAC3 (30%), 3) HDAC1 and HDAC2 (10.5%) and 4) exclusively HDAC2 (10.5%). Correlation to clinico-pathological parameters (pT, pN, G, MSI status) revealed that heterogeneous HDAC1 expression correlated with lymph node status (p=0.012). HDAC expression in situ was partially reflected by six CRC cell lines, with similar expression of all three HDACs (DLD1, LS174T), preferential HDAC2 and HDAC3 expression (SW480, Caco2) or lower HDAC2 and HDAC3 expression (HCT116, HT29). HDAC activity was variably higher in HCT116, HT29, DLD1 and SW480 compared to LS174T and Caco2 cells. Treatment with broad (SAHA) and specific (MS-275; FK228) HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) caused loss of cell viability in predominantly MSIpositive CRC cells (HCT116, LS174T, DLD1; SAHA, MS-275 and in part FK228). In contrast, MSI-negative CRC cells (Caco2, HT29, SW480) were resistant, except for high doses of FK228 (Caco2, HT29). Cell viability patterns were not linked to different efficacies of HDACi on reduction of HDAC activity or histone acetylation, p21 expression and/or induction of DNA damage (γH2A-X levels). In summary, this study reveals inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity of histone marks and HDAC expression in CRCs. This is reflected by diverse HDACi responses in vitro, which do not follow known modes of action. Together, this implies further exploitation of histone alterations in CRC for molecular classification and/or novel treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Lutz
- Department of Pathology, All University Medical CenterFreiburg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Coutiño Fitzner
- Department of Pathology, All University Medical CenterFreiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of FreiburgFreiburg, Germany
| | - Theresa Ahrens
- Department of Pathology, All University Medical CenterFreiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of FreiburgFreiburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Geißler
- Department of Pathology, All University Medical CenterFreiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of FreiburgFreiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Makowiec
- Department of Surgery, All University Medical CenterFreiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich T Hopt
- Department of Surgery, All University Medical CenterFreiburg, Germany
| | - Lioudmila Bogatyreva
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Medical Informatics, All University Medical CenterFreiburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Hauschke
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Medical Informatics, All University Medical CenterFreiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Werner
- Department of Pathology, All University Medical CenterFreiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Heidelberg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, All University Medical CenterFreiburg, Germany
| | - Silke Lassmann
- Department of Pathology, All University Medical CenterFreiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Heidelberg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, All University Medical CenterFreiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of FreiburgGermany
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162
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The NAE inhibitor pevonedistat interacts with the HDAC inhibitor belinostat to target AML cells by disrupting the DDR. Blood 2016; 127:2219-30. [PMID: 26851293 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-06-653717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Two classes of novel agents, NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, have shown single-agent activity in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)/myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Here we examined mechanisms underlying interactions between the NAE inhibitor pevonedistat (MLN4924) and the approved HDAC inhibitor belinostat in AML/MDS cells. MLN4924/belinostat coadministration synergistically induced AML cell apoptosis with or without p53 deficiency or FLT3-internal tandem duplication (ITD), whereas p53 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) knockdown or enforced FLT3-ITD expression significantly sensitized cells to the regimen. MLN4924 blocked belinostat-induced antiapoptotic gene expression through nuclear factor-κB inactivation. Each agent upregulated Bim, and Bim knockdown significantly attenuated apoptosis. Microarrays revealed distinct DNA damage response (DDR) genetic profiles between individual vs combined MLN4924/belinostat exposure. Whereas belinostat abrogated the MLN4924-activated intra-S checkpoint through Chk1 and Wee1 inhibition/downregulation, cotreatment downregulated multiple homologous recombination and nonhomologous end-joining repair proteins, triggering robust double-stranded breaks, chromatin pulverization, and apoptosis. Consistently, Chk1 or Wee1 shRNA knockdown significantly sensitized AML cells to MLN4924. MLN4924/belinostat displayed activity against primary AML or MDS cells, including those carrying next-generation sequencing-defined poor-prognostic cancer hotspot mutations, and CD34(+)/CD38(-)/CD123(+) populations, but not normal CD34(+) progenitors. Finally, combined treatment markedly reduced tumor burden and significantly prolonged animal survival (P < .0001) in AML xenograft models with negligible toxicity, accompanied by pharmacodynamic effects observed in vitro. Collectively, these findings argue that MLN4924 and belinostat interact synergistically by reciprocally disabling the DDR in AML/MDS cells. This strategy warrants further consideration in AML/MDS, particularly in disease with unfavorable genetic aberrations.
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163
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Ahrens TD, Timme S, Hoeppner J, Ostendorp J, Hembach S, Follo M, Hopt UT, Werner M, Busch H, Boerries M, Lassmann S. Selective inhibition of esophageal cancer cells by combination of HDAC inhibitors and Azacytidine. Epigenetics 2016; 10:431-45. [PMID: 25923331 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2015.1039216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancers are highly aggressive tumors with poor prognosis despite some recent advances in surgical and radiochemotherapy treatment options. This study addressed the feasibility of drugs targeting epigenetic modifiers in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) cells. We tested inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) by SAHA, MS-275, and FK228, inhibition of DNA methyltransferases by Azacytidine (AZA) and Decitabine (DAC), and the effect of combination treatment using both types of drugs. The drug targets, HDAC1/2/3 and DNMT1, were expressed in normal esophageal epithelium and tumor cells of ESCC or EAC tissue specimens, as well as in non-neoplastic esophageal epithelial (Het-1A), ESCC (OE21, Kyse-270, Kyse-410), and EAC (OE33, SK-GT-4) cell lines. In vitro, HDAC activity, histone acetylation, and p21 expression were similarly affected in non-neoplastic, ESCC, and EAC cell lines post inhibitor treatment. Combined MS-275/AZA treatment, however, selectively targeted esophageal cancer cell lines by inducing DNA damage, cell viability loss, and apoptosis, and by decreasing cell migration. Non-neoplastic Het-1A cells were protected against HDACi (MS-275)/AZA treatment. RNA transcriptome analyses post MS-275 and/or AZA treatment identified novel regulated candidate genes (up: BCL6, Hes2; down: FAIM, MLKL), which were specifically associated with the treatment responses of esophageal cancer cells. In summary, combined HDACi/AZA treatment is efficient and selective for the targeting of esophageal cancer cells, despite similar target expression of normal and esophageal cancer epithelium, in vitro and in human esophageal carcinomas. The precise mechanisms of action of treatment responses involve novel candidate genes regulated by HDACi/AZA in esophageal cancer cells. Together, targeting of epigenetic modifiers in esophageal cancers may represent a potential future therapeutic approach.
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Key Words
- 5mC, 5-methylcytidine
- AZA, Azacytidine
- DAC, Decitabine
- DNMT, DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase
- EAC, esophageal adenocarcinoma
- ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
- FAIM, Fas apoptotic inhibitory molecule
- GEJ, gastro-esophageal junction
- H3Ac, histone H3 acetylation
- H3K4me3, histone H3 trimethylation at lysine 4
- H3K9Ac, histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation
- HDAC, histone deacetylases
- HDACi, HDAC inhibitor
- Hes-2, Hairy and enhancer of split 2
- SAHA, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid
- TSA, Trichostatin A
- azacytidine/gene pathway regulation
- epigenetics/HDAC inhibitor
- esophageal cancer
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa D Ahrens
- a Dept. of Pathology; University Medical Center ; Freiburg , Germany
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164
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Nguyen TTT, Chua JKK, Seah KS, Koo SH, Yee JY, Yang EG, Lim KK, Pang SYW, Yuen A, Zhang L, Ang WH, Dymock B, Lee EJD, Chen ES. Predicting chemotherapeutic drug combinations through gene network profiling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18658. [PMID: 26791325 PMCID: PMC4726371 DOI: 10.1038/srep18658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Contemporary chemotherapeutic treatments incorporate the use of several agents in combination. However, selecting the most appropriate drugs for such therapy is not necessarily an easy or straightforward task. Here, we describe a targeted approach that can facilitate the reliable selection of chemotherapeutic drug combinations through the interrogation of drug-resistance gene networks. Our method employed single-cell eukaryote fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) as a model of proliferating cells to delineate a drug resistance gene network using a synthetic lethality workflow. Using the results of a previous unbiased screen, we assessed the genetic overlap of doxorubicin with six other drugs harboring varied mechanisms of action. Using this fission yeast model, drug-specific ontological sub-classifications were identified through the computation of relative hypersensitivities. We found that human gastric adenocarcinoma cells can be sensitized to doxorubicin by concomitant treatment with cisplatin, an intra-DNA strand crosslinking agent, and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, a histone deacetylase inhibitor. Our findings point to the utility of fission yeast as a model and the differential targeting of a conserved gene interaction network when screening for successful chemotherapeutic drug combinations for human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thuy Trang Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore
| | - Jacqueline Kia Kee Chua
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kwi Shan Seah
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore
| | - Seok Hwee Koo
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Changi General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Singapore
| | - Jie Yin Yee
- National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eugene Guorong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kim Kiat Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore
| | | | - Audrey Yuen
- School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore
| | - Louxin Zhang
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Han Ang
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brian Dymock
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edmund Jon Deoon Lee
- National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ee Sin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore.,NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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165
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Pinkerneil M, Hoffmann MJ, Deenen R, Köhrer K, Arent T, Schulz WA, Niegisch G. Inhibition of Class I Histone Deacetylases 1 and 2 Promotes Urothelial Carcinoma Cell Death by Various Mechanisms. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:299-312. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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166
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An immediate transcriptional signature associated with response to the histone deacetylase inhibitor Givinostat in T acute lymphoblastic leukemia xenografts. Cell Death Dis 2016; 6:e2047. [PMID: 26764573 PMCID: PMC4816177 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite some success with certain hematological malignancies and in contrast with the strong pro-apoptotic effects measured in vitro, the overall response rate of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) to histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) is low. With the aim to improve the understanding of how HDACis work in vivo, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of the clinically approved HDACi Givinostat in a collection of nine pediatric human T-ALL engrafted systemically in NOD/SCID mice. We observed highly heterogeneous antileukemia responses to Givinostat, associated with reduction of the percentage of infiltrating blasts in target organs, induction of apoptosis and differentiation. These effects were not associated with the T-ALL cytogenetic subgroup. Transcriptome analysis disclosed an immediate transcriptional signature enriched in genes involved in cell-cycle regulation and DNA repair, which was validated by quantitative RT-PCR and was associated with in vivo response to this HDACi. Increased phospho-H2AX levels, a marker of DNA damage, were measured in T-ALL cells from Givinostat responders. These results indicate that the induction of the DNA damage response could be an early biomarker of the therapeutic effects of Givinostat in T-ALL models. This information should be considered in the design of future clinical trials with HDACis in acute leukemia.
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167
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Arvidsson Y, Johanson V, Pfragner R, Wängberg B, Nilsson O. Cytotoxic Effects of Valproic Acid on Neuroendocrine Tumour Cells. Neuroendocrinology 2016; 103:578-91. [PMID: 26505883 DOI: 10.1159/000441849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Histone deacetylases (HDACs) modulate lysine acetylation on histones and are frequently deregulated in cancer. HDAC inhibitors with potent anti-tumour effects have been developed and are now being tested in clinical trials. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of valproic acid (VPA), an inhibitor of class I and class IIa HDACs, on neuroendocrine tumour (NET) cell growth. METHODS Three NET cell lines, GOT1 (small intestinal), KRJ-I (small intestinal), and BON (pancreatic), were treated with VPA and examined with respect to cell viability, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and global transcriptional response. RESULTS We found that VPA induced a dose-dependent growth inhibition of NET cells in vitro, which was mainly due to activation of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. VPA induced a major transcriptional response by altering the expression of 16-19% of the protein-coding genes in NET cell lines. Pathway analysis allowed the prediction of alterations in key regulatory pathways, e.g. activation of TGF-β1, FOXO3, p53 signalling, and inhibition of MYC signalling. Analysis of GOT1 xenografts showed reduced growth and reduced Ki-67 index, as well as an increase in apoptosis and necrosis after VPA treatment. CONCLUSIONS We found that VPA treatment has a cytotoxic effect on NET cells of intestinal and pancreatic origin. There are several mechanisms by which VPA kills NET cells, which suggests the possibility of combination therapy. We propose that epigenetic therapy with HDAC inhibitors should be evaluated further in patients with NET disease.
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168
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Wang Y, Stowe RL, Pinello CE, Tian G, Madoux F, Li D, Zhao LY, Li JL, Wang Y, Wang Y, Ma H, Hodder P, Roush WR, Liao D. Identification of histone deacetylase inhibitors with benzoylhydrazide scaffold that selectively inhibit class I histone deacetylases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:273-84. [PMID: 25699604 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACi) hold considerable therapeutic promise as clinical anticancer therapies. However, currently known HDACi exhibit limited isoform specificity, off-target activity, and undesirable pharmaceutical properties. Thus, HDACi with new chemotypes are needed to overcome these limitations. Here, we identify a class of HDACi with a previously undescribed benzoylhydrazide scaffold that is selective for the class I HDACs. These compounds are competitive inhibitors with a fast-on/slow-off HDAC-binding mechanism. We show that the lead compound, UF010, inhibits cancer cell proliferation via class I HDAC inhibition. This causes global changes in protein acetylation and gene expression, resulting in activation of tumor suppressor pathways and concurrent inhibition of several oncogenic pathways. The isotype selectivity coupled with interesting biological activities in suppressing tumor cell proliferation support further preclinical development of the UF010 class of compounds for potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center and UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ryan L Stowe
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Christie E Pinello
- The Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center, Lead Identification Division, Translational Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Guimei Tian
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center and UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Franck Madoux
- The Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center, Lead Identification Division, Translational Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Dawei Li
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center and UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Lisa Y Zhao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center and UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jian-Liang Li
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Yuren Wang
- Reaction Biology Corporation, 1 Great Valley Parkway Suite 2, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Yuan Wang
- Reaction Biology Corporation, 1 Great Valley Parkway Suite 2, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Haiching Ma
- Reaction Biology Corporation, 1 Great Valley Parkway Suite 2, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Peter Hodder
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; The Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center, Lead Identification Division, Translational Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - William R Roush
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Daiqing Liao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center and UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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169
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Wawruszak A, Luszczki JJ, Grabarska A, Gumbarewicz E, Dmoszynska-Graniczka M, Polberg K, Stepulak A. Assessment of Interactions between Cisplatin and Two Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in MCF7, T47D and MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines - An Isobolographic Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143013. [PMID: 26580554 PMCID: PMC4651465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) are promising anticancer drugs, which inhibit proliferation of a wide variety of cancer cells including breast carcinoma cells. In the present study, we investigated the influence of valproic acid (VPA) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA, vorinostat), alone or in combination with cisplatin (CDDP) on proliferation, induction of apoptosis and cell cycle progression in MCF7, T47D and MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma cell lines. The type of interaction between HDIs and CDDP was determined by an isobolographic analysis. The isobolographic analysis is a very precise and rigorous pharmacodynamic method, to determine the presence of synergism, addition or antagonism between different drugs with using variety of fixed dose ratios. Our experiments show that the combinations of CDDP with SAHA or VPA at a fixed-ratio of 1:1 exerted additive interaction in the viability of MCF7 cells, while in T47D cells there was a tendency to synergy. In contrast, sub-additive (antagonistic) interaction was observed for the combination of CDDP with VPA in MDA-MB-231 “triple-negative” (i.e. estrogen receptor negative, progesterone receptor negative, and HER-2 negative) human breast cancer cells, whereas combination of CDDP with SAHA in the same MDA-MB-231 cell line yielded additive interaction. Additionally, combined HDIs/CDDP treatment resulted in increase in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in all tested breast cancer cell lines in comparison with a single therapy. In conclusion, the additive interaction of CDDP with SAHA or VPA suggests that HDIs could be combined with CDDP in order to optimize treatment regimen in some human breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wawruszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Jarogniew J. Luszczki
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Isobolographic Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aneta Grabarska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Gumbarewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Department of Otolaryngology, MSW Hospital, Lublin, Poland
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170
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Creation of a histone deacetylase 6 inhibitor and its biological effects [corrected]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:12005-10. [PMID: 26371309 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1515882112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the development of a potent, selective histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitor. This HDAC6 inhibitor blocks growth of normal and transformed cells but does not induce death of normal cells. The HDAC6 inhibitor alone is as effective as paclitaxel in anticancer activity in tumor-bearing mice.
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171
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Liang BY, Xiong M, Ji GB, Zhang EL, Zhang ZY, Dong KS, Chen XP, Huang ZY. Synergistic suppressive effect of PARP-1 inhibitor PJ34 and HDAC inhibitor SAHA on proliferation of liver cancer cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [PMID: 26223923 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-015-1466-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitors and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have recently emerged as promising anticancer drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of combination treatment with the PARP inhibitor PJ34 and HDAC inhibitor SAHA on the proliferation of liver cancer cells. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed in three human liver cancer cell lines (HepG2, Hep3B and HCC-LM3) treated with PJ34 (8 μmol/L) and SAHA (1 μmol/L), alone or combined, by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The nude mice bearing subcutaneous HepG2 tumors were administered different groups of drugs (10 mg/kg PJ34, 25 mg/kg SAHA, 10 mg/kg PJ34+25 mg/kg SAHA), and the inhibition rates of tumor growth were compared between groups. The results showed that combined use of PJ34 and SAHA could synergistically inhibit the proliferation of liver cancer cell lines HepG2, Hep3B and HCC-LM3. The apoptosis rate of HepG2 cells treated with PJ34+SAHA was significantly higher than that of HepG2 cells treated with PJ34 or SAHA alone (P<0.05). In vivo, the tumor inhibition rates were 53.5%, 61.4% and 82.6% in PJ34, SAHA and PJ34+SAHA groups, respectively. The combined use of PJ34 and SAHA could significantly inhibit the xenograft tumor growth when compared with use of PJ34 or SAHA alone (P<0.05). It was led to conclude that PJ34 and SAHA can synergistically suppress the proliferation of liver cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Yong Liang
- Research Laboratory and Hepatic Surgery Center, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Min Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Gui-Bao Ji
- Research Laboratory and Hepatic Surgery Center, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of General Surgery, Pu'ai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Er-Lei Zhang
- Research Laboratory and Hepatic Surgery Center, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zun-Yi Zhang
- Research Laboratory and Hepatic Surgery Center, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ke-Shuai Dong
- Research Laboratory and Hepatic Surgery Center, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- Research Laboratory and Hepatic Surgery Center, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Huang
- Research Laboratory and Hepatic Surgery Center, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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172
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Stengel KR, Hiebert SW. Class I HDACs Affect DNA Replication, Repair, and Chromatin Structure: Implications for Cancer Therapy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:51-65. [PMID: 24730655 PMCID: PMC4492608 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The contribution of epigenetic alterations to cancer development and progression is becoming increasingly clear, prompting the development of epigenetic therapies. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) represent one of the first classes of such therapy. Two HDIs, Vorinostat and Romidepsin, are broad-spectrum inhibitors that target multiple histone deacetylases (HDACs) and are FDA approved for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. However, the mechanism of action and the basis for the cancer-selective effects of these inhibitors are still unclear. RECENT ADVANCES While the anti-tumor effects of HDIs have traditionally been attributed to their ability to modify gene expression after the accumulation of histone acetylation, recent studies have identified the effects of HDACs on DNA replication, DNA repair, and genome stability. In addition, the HDIs available in the clinic target multiple HDACs, making it difficult to assign either their anti-tumor effects or their associated toxicities to the inhibition of a single protein. However, recent studies in mouse models provide insights into the tissue-specific functions of individual HDACs and their involvement in mediating the effects of HDI therapy. CRITICAL ISSUES Here, we describe how altered replication contributes to the efficacy of HDAC-targeted therapies as well as discuss what knowledge mouse models have provided to our understanding of the specific functions of class I HDACs, their potential involvement in tumorigenesis, and how their disruption may contribute to toxicities associated with HDI treatment. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Impairment of DNA replication by HDIs has important therapeutic implications. Future studies should assess how best to exploit these findings for therapeutic gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy R. Stengel
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Scott W. Hiebert
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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173
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Histone deacetylase inhibitor treatment induces 'BRCAness' and synergistic lethality with PARP inhibitor and cisplatin against human triple negative breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:5637-50. [PMID: 25026298 PMCID: PMC4170637 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an unmet need to develop new, more effective and safe therapies for the aggressive forms of triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs). While up to 20% of women under 50 years of age with TNBC harbor germline mutations in BRCA1, and these tumors are sensitive to treatment with poly(ADP) ribose polymerase inhibitors, a majority of TNBCs lack BRCA1 mutations or loss of expression. Findings presented here demonstrate that by attenuating the levels of DNA damage response and homologous recombination proteins, pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDI) treatment induces ‘BRCAness’ and sensitizes TNBC cells lacking BRCA1 to lethal effects of PARP inhibitor or cisplatin. Treatment with HDI also induced hyperacetylation of nuclear hsp90. Similar effects were observed following shRNA-mediated depletion of HDAC3, confirming its role as the deacetylase for nuclear HSP90. Furthermore, cotreatment with HDI and ABT-888 induced significantly more DNA strand breaks than either agent alone, and synergistically induced apoptosis of TNBC cells. Notably, co-treatment with HDI and ABT-888 significantly reduced in vivo tumor growth and markedly improved the survival of mice bearing TNBC cell xenografts. These findings support the rationale to interrogate the clinical activity of this novel combination against human TNBC, irrespective of its expression of mutant BRCA1.
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174
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Kroesen M, Gielen P, Brok IC, Armandari I, Hoogerbrugge PM, Adema GJ. HDAC inhibitors and immunotherapy; a double edged sword? Oncotarget 2015; 5:6558-72. [PMID: 25115382 PMCID: PMC4196144 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications, like histone acetylation, are essential for regulating gene expression within cells. Cancer cells acquire pathological epigenetic modifications resulting in gene expression patterns that facilitate and sustain tumorigenesis. Epigenetic manipulation therefore is emerging as a novel targeted therapy for cancer. Histone Acetylases (HATs) and Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) regulate histone acetylation and hence gene expression. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are well known to affect cancer cell viability and biology and are already in use for the treatment of cancer patients. Immunotherapy can lead to clinical benefit in selected cancer patients, especially in patients with limited disease after tumor debulking. HDAC inhibitors can potentially synergize with immunotherapy by elimination of tumor cells. The direct effects of HDAC inhibitors on immune cell function, however, remain largely unexplored. Initial data have suggested HDAC inhibitors to be predominantly immunosuppressive, but more recent reports have challenged this view. In this review we will discuss the effects of HDAC inhibitors on tumor cells and different immune cell subsets, synergistic interactions and possible mechanisms. Finally, we will address future challenges and potential application of HDAC inhibitors in immunocombination therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Kroesen
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Gielen
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ingrid C Brok
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Inna Armandari
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M Hoogerbrugge
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Princes Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, The Bilt, The Netherlands
| | - Gosse J Adema
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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175
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Potential use of histone deacetylase inhibitors in cancer therapy. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2015; 19:436-40. [PMID: 26843838 PMCID: PMC4731444 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2015.51824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is a branch of science that focuses on mechanisms related to control and modification of expression of genetic material without any changes to its sequences. Such mechanisms include post-translational modifications of histones. It is widely known that carcinogenesis is related to hypoacetylation of genes that influence apoptosis, the cell cycle, cell signaling, the immunologic response, angiogenesis and occurrence of metastasis. Currently conducted research focuses on several strategies related to epigenetic therapy. One such strategy is based on the use of histone deacetylase inhibitors. This paper presents mechanisms through which these compounds work and a summary of their characteristics. It also includes a review of clinical tests related to histone deacetylase inhibitors, as well as their relationship with other chemotherapeutic methods. A better understanding of the involved mechanisms will provide a rational basis to improve the therapeutic outcome of available antitumor agents.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma remain a population with unmet medical needs. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) represent a novel class of anticancer drugs currently in development in several malignancies. Inhibition of HDACs leads to acetylation of histone and non-histone proteins, which in turn results in epigenetic modification of gene expression that leads to a plethora of effects, such as cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and inhibition of angiogenesis. Romidepsin is a novel HDACI that has demonstrated preclinical and clinical activity. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the different HDACs and epigenetic regulation with a particular focus on the preclinical and clinical development of romidepsin in lymphoma. The review of romidepsin includes: the mechanism of action, its synergistic interaction with novel agents, pivotal clinical trials that lead to its US FDA approval in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and peripheral T-cell lymphoma as well as active combinations currently in clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION Romidepsin is a potent HDACI with clinical activity in T-cell lymphoma where novel agents and combinations are desperately needed. A deeper understanding of the molecular characteristics of this class of agents will allow the design of more potent drugs with improved toxicity profiles and future rational combinations that will expand the indication and benefit from these novel agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Y Yazbeck
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Massey Cancer Center , Richmond, VA , USA
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177
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Combination Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma with Belinostat and 5-Fluorouracil: A Role for Oxidative Stress Induced DNA Damage and HSP90 Regulated Thymidine Synthase. J Urol 2015; 193:1660-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.11.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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178
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Hagiwara K, Kunishima S, Iida H, Miyata Y, Naoe T, Nagai H. The synergistic effect of BCR signaling inhibitors combined with an HDAC inhibitor on cell death in a mantle cell lymphoma cell line. Apoptosis 2015; 20:975-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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179
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Mottamal M, Zheng S, Huang TL, Wang G. Histone deacetylase inhibitors in clinical studies as templates for new anticancer agents. Molecules 2015; 20:3898-941. [PMID: 25738536 PMCID: PMC4372801 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20033898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone dacetylases (HDACs) are a group of enzymes that remove acetyl groups from histones and regulate expression of tumor suppressor genes. They are implicated in many human diseases, especially cancer, making them a promising therapeutic target for treatment of the latter by developing a wide variety of inhibitors. HDAC inhibitors interfere with HDAC activity and regulate biological events, such as cell cycle, differentiation and apoptosis in cancer cells. As a result, HDAC inhibitor-based therapies have gained much attention for cancer treatment. To date, the FDA has approved three HDAC inhibitors for cutaneous/peripheral T-cell lymphoma and many more HDAC inhibitors are in different stages of clinical development for the treatment of hematological malignancies as well as solid tumors. In the intensifying efforts to discover new, hopefully more therapeutically efficacious HDAC inhibitors, molecular modeling-based rational drug design has played an important role in identifying potential inhibitors that vary in molecular structures and properties. In this review, we summarize four major structural classes of HDAC inhibitors that are in clinical trials and different computer modeling tools available for their structural modifications as a guide to discover additional HDAC inhibitors with greater therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusoodanan Mottamal
- RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA.
| | - Shilong Zheng
- RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA.
| | - Tien L Huang
- RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA.
- College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA.
| | - Guangdi Wang
- RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA.
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180
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Kim JS, Lee SC, Min HY, Park KH, Hyun SY, Kwon SJ, Choi SP, Kim WY, Lee HJ, Lee HY. Activation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling mediates resistance to histone deacetylase inhibitors. Cancer Lett 2015; 361:197-206. [PMID: 25721083 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are considered promising targets in the treatment of hematologic malignancies and several types of solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the efficacy of HDAC inhibitors in solid tumors is marginal, and the mechanisms underlying resistance to HDAC inhibitors are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate the involvement of type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) signaling in resistance to HDAC inhibitors in NSCLC. Using MTT and soft-agar colony formation assays, we selected NSCLC cell lines that exhibited intrinsic resistance to vorinostat. Treatment with vorinostat activated IGF-1R signaling in vorinostat-resistant but not vorinostat-sensitive NSCLC cells. Other HDAC inhibitors, including trichostatin A, sodium butyrate, and depsipeptide, also activated IGF-1R signaling in vorinostat-resistant NSCLC cells. Blockade of IGF-1R signaling via IGF-1R monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or through knockdown of IGF-1R via RNA interference sensitized vorinostat-resistant cells to HDAC inhibition. Finally, IGF-1R mAbs sensitized xenograft tumors of vorinostat-resistant cells to vorinostat treatment in vivo. These findings suggest that IGF-1R activation is generally involved in resistance to HDAC inhibitors and that targeting IGF-1R is an effective strategy for overcoming resistance to HDAC inhibitors in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Soo Kim
- Department of Thoracic Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Su-Chan Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Young Min
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Hee Park
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeob Hyun
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - So Jung Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyungnam 621-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Phil Choi
- Department of Thoracic Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Woo-Young Kim
- Department of Thoracic Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hyo-Jong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyungnam 621-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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181
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Nanoparticle formulations of histone deacetylase inhibitors for effective chemoradiotherapy in solid tumors. Biomaterials 2015; 51:208-215. [PMID: 25771011 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) represent a class of promising agents that can improve radiotherapy in cancer treatment. However, the full therapeutic potential of HDACIs as radiosensitizers has been restricted by limited efficacy in solid malignancies. In this study, we report the development of nanoparticle (NP) formulations of HDACIs that overcome these limitations, illustrating their utility to improve the therapeutic ratio of the clinically established first generation HDACI vorinostat and a novel second generation HDACI quisinostat. We demonstrate that NP HDACIs are potent radiosensitizers in vitro and are more effective as radiosensitizers than small molecule HDACIs in vivo using mouse xenograft models of colorectal and prostate carcinomas. We found that NP HDACIs enhance the response of tumor cells to radiation through the prolongation of γ-H2AX foci. Our work illustrates an effective method for improving cancer radiotherapy treatment.
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182
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Stubbs MC, Kim W, Bariteau M, Davis T, Vempati S, Minehart J, Witkin M, Qi J, Krivtsov AV, Bradner JE, Kung AL, Armstrong SA. Selective Inhibition of HDAC1 and HDAC2 as a Potential Therapeutic Option for B-ALL. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:2348-58. [PMID: 25688158 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have recently emerged as efficacious therapies that target epigenetic mechanisms in hematologic malignancies. One such hematologic malignancy, B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), may be highly dependent on epigenetic regulation for leukemia development and maintenance, and thus sensitive to small-molecule inhibitors that target epigenetic mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A panel of B-ALL cell lines was tested for sensitivity to HDACi with varying isoform sensitivity. Isoform-specific shRNAs were used as further validation of HDACs as relevant therapeutic targets in B-ALL. Mouse xenografts of B-cell malignancy-derived cell lines and a pediatric B-ALL were used to demonstrate pharmacologic efficacy. RESULTS Nonselective HDAC inhibitors were cytotoxic to a panel of B-ALL cell lines as well as to xenografted human leukemia patient samples. Assessment of isoform-specific HDACi indicated that targeting HDAC1-3 with class I HDAC-specific inhibitors was sufficient to inhibit growth of B-ALL cell lines. Furthermore, shRNA-mediated knockdown of HDAC1 or HDAC2 resulted in growth inhibition in these cells. We then assessed a compound that specifically inhibits only HDAC1 and HDAC2. This compound suppressed growth and induced apoptosis in B-ALL cell lines in vitro and in vivo, whereas it was far less effective against other B-cell-derived malignancies. CONCLUSIONS Here, we show that HDAC inhibitors are a potential therapeutic option for B-ALL, and that a more specific inhibitor of HDAC1 and HDAC2 could be therapeutically useful for patients with B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Stubbs
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber-Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Wonil Kim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber-Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Megan Bariteau
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber-Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tina Davis
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber-Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sridhar Vempati
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber-Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Janna Minehart
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Matthew Witkin
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber-Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrei V Krivtsov
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber-Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - James E Bradner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber-Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew L Kung
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber-Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott A Armstrong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber-Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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183
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Yang B, Yu D, Liu J, Yang K, Wu G, Liu H. Antitumor activity of SAHA, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, against murine B cell lymphoma A20 cells in vitro and in vivo. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:5051-61. [PMID: 25649979 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3156-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA; vorinostat), the second generation of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, has been approved for the treatment of cutaneous manifestations of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). It has also shown its anticancer activity over a large range of other hematological and solid malignancies, but few studies have been reported in B cell lymphoma. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antitumor activity of SAHA on murine B cell lymphoma cell line A20 cells. We treated A20 cells with different concentrations of SAHA. The effect of SAHA on the proliferation of A20 cells was studied by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium (MTT) assay in vitro; the anti-proliferation activity in vivo was evaluated by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) of xenograft tumor tissues through immunocytochemical staining. Apoptosis were detected by Hoechst 33258 staining and Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) double-labeled cytometry in vitro. The effect of SAHA on cell cycle of A20 cells was studied by a propidium iodide method. Autophagic cell death induced by SAHA was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Angiogenesis marker (CD31) was measured by immunocytochemical staining to investigate the anti-angiogenic effect of SAHA. Western blot was used to detect the expression of signaling pathway factors (phospho-AKT, phospho-ERK, AKT, ERK, Nur77, HIF-1α, and VEGF). Our results showed that SAHA inhibited the proliferation of A20 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, induced cell apoptosis and G0/G1 phase arrest of cell cycle, promoted autophagic cell death, and suppressed tumor progress in NCI-A20 cells nude mice xenograft model in vivo. SAHA decreased the activation of AKT (phospho-AKT: p-AKT) and ERK1/2 (phospho-ERK: p-ERK) proteins and inhibited the expression of pro-angiogenic factors (VEGF and HIF-1α), downregulated its downstream signaling factor (Nur77), which might be contributed to the antitumor mechanisms of SAHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
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Li L, Sun Y, Liu J, Wu X, Chen L, Ma L, Wu P. Histone deacetylase inhibitor sodium butyrate suppresses DNA double strand break repair induced by etoposide more effectively in MCF-7 cells than in HEK293 cells. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 16:2. [PMID: 25592494 PMCID: PMC4304611 DOI: 10.1186/s12858-014-0030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi’s) are emerging as promising anticancer drugs alone or in combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy agents. Previous research suggests that HDACi’s have a high degree of selectivity for killing cancer cells, but little is known regarding the impact of different cellular contexts on HDACi treatment. It is likely that the molecular mechanisms of HDACi’s involve processes that depend on the chromatin template, such as DNA damage and repair. We sought to establish the connection between the HDACi sodium butyrate and DNA double-strand break (DSB) damage in human breast cancer MCF-7 and non-cancerous human embryonic kidney293 (HEK293) cells. Results Sodium butyrate inhibited the proliferation of both HEK293 and MCF-7 cells in a dose- and time- dependent manner, but the effects on MCF-7 cells were more obvious. This differential effect on cell growth was not explained by differences in cell cycle arrest, as sodium butyrate caused an arrest in G1/G2 phase and a decrease in S phase for both cell lines. At high doses of sodium butyrate or in combination with etoposide, MCF-7 cells formed fewer colonies than HEK293 cells. Furthermore, sodium butyrate enhanced the formation of etoposide-induced γ-H2AX foci to a greater extent in MCF-7 than in HEK293 cells. The two cells also displayed differential patterns in the nuclear expression of DNA DSB repair proteins, which could, in part, explain the cytotoxic effects of sodium butyrate. Conclusions These studies suggest that sodium butyrate treatment leads to a different degree of chromatin relaxation in HEK293 and cancerous MCF-7 cells, which results in differential sensitivity to the toxic effects of etoposide in controlling damaged DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Li
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical College, Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, P R China. .,Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, 523808, P R China.
| | - Youxiang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical College, Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, P R China. .,Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, 523808, P R China.
| | - Jiangqin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical College, Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, P R China.
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical College, Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, P R China. .,Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, 523808, P R China.
| | - Lijun Chen
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical College, Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, P R China. .,Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, 523808, P R China.
| | - Li Ma
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical College, Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, P R China.
| | - Pengfei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical College, Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, P R China. .,Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, 523808, P R China.
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HDAC Inhibitors: A New Radiosensitizer for Non-small-cell Lung Cancer. TUMORI JOURNAL 2015; 101:257-62. [PMID: 25953446 DOI: 10.5301/tj.5000347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
For many decades, lung cancer has been the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. More than 50% of non-small-cell lung cancer patients receive radiotherapy (alone or in combination with chemotherapy or surgery) during their treatment. The intrinsic radiosensitivity of tumors and dose-limiting toxicity restrict the curative potential of radiotherapy. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) are an emerging class of agents that target histone deacetylase and represent promising radiosensitizers that affect various biological processes, such as cell growth, apoptosis, DNA repair, and terminal differentiation. Histone deacetylase inhibitors have been found to suppress many important DNA damage responses by downregulating proteins in the homologous recombination and nonhomologous end joining repair pathways in vitro. In this review, we describe the rationale for using HDACis as radiosensitizers and the clinical evidence regarding the use of HDACis for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer.
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186
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White CA, Pone EJ, Lam T, Tat C, Hayama KL, Li G, Zan H, Casali P. Histone deacetylase inhibitors upregulate B cell microRNAs that silence AID and Blimp-1 expression for epigenetic modulation of antibody and autoantibody responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:5933-50. [PMID: 25392531 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Class-switch DNA recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM), which require activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), and plasma cell differentiation, which requires B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1), are critical for the generation of class-switched and hypermutated (mature) Ab and autoantibody responses. We show that histone deacetylase inhibitors valproic acid and butyrate dampened AICDA/Aicda (AID) and PRDM1/Prdm1 (Blimp-1) mRNAs by upregulating miR-155, miR-181b, and miR-361 to silence AICDA/Aicda, and miR-23b, miR-30a, and miR-125b to silence PRDM1/Prdm1, in human and mouse B cells. This led to downregulation of AID, Blimp-1, and X-box binding protein 1, thereby inhibiting CSR, SHM, and plasma cell differentiation without altering B cell viability or proliferation. The selectivity of histone deacetylase inhibitor-mediated silencing of AICDA/Aicda and PRDM1/Prdm1 was emphasized by unchanged expression of HoxC4 and Irf4 (important inducers/modulators of AICDA/Aicda), Rev1 and Ung (central elements for CSR/SHM), and Bcl6, Bach2, or Pax5 (repressors of PRDM1/Prdm1 expression), as well as unchanged expression of miR-19a/b, miR-20a, and miR-25, which are not known to regulate AICDA/Aicda or PRDM1/Prdm1. Through these B cell-intrinsic epigenetic mechanisms, valproic acid blunted class-switched and hypermutated T-dependent and T-independent Ab responses in C57BL/6 mice. In addition, it decreased class-switched and hypermutated autoantibodies, ameliorated disease, and extended survival in lupus MRL/Fas(lpr/lpr) mice. Our findings outline epigenetic mechanisms that modulate expression of an enzyme (AID) and transcription factors (Blimp-1 and X-box binding protein 1) that are critical to the B cell differentiation processes that underpin Ab and autoantibody responses. They also provide therapeutic proof-of-principle in autoantibody-mediated autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton A White
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229; and Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Egest J Pone
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Tonika Lam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229; and Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Connie Tat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229; and Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Ken L Hayama
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Guideng Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229; and Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Hong Zan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229; and Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Paolo Casali
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229; and Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
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Abramova MV, Svetlikova SB, Kukushkin AN, Aksenov ND, Pospelova TV, Pospelov VA. HDAC inhibitor sodium butyrate sensitizes E1A+Ras-transformed cells to DNA damaging agents by facilitating formation and persistence of γH2AX foci. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 12:1069-77. [DOI: 10.4161/cbt.12.12.18365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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188
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A regimen combining the Wee1 inhibitor AZD1775 with HDAC inhibitors targets human acute myeloid leukemia cells harboring various genetic mutations. Leukemia 2014; 29:807-18. [PMID: 25283841 PMCID: PMC4387110 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AZD1775 targets the cell cycle checkpoint kinase Wee1 and potentiates genotoxic agent cytotoxicity through p53-dependent or -independent mechanisms. Here, we report that AZD1775 interacted synergistically with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs e.g., Vorinostat), which interrupt the DNA damage response (DDR), to kill p53-wild type or -deficient as well as FLT3-ITD leukemia cells in association with pronounced Wee1 inhibition and diminished cdc2/Cdk1 Y15 phosphorylation. Similarly, Wee1 shRNA knock-down significantly sensitized cells to HDACIs. While AZD1775 induced Chk1 activation, reflected by markedly increased Chk1 S296/S317/S345 phosphorylation leading to inhibitory T14 phosphorylation of cdc2/Cdk1, these compensatory responses were sharply abrogated by HDACIs. This was accompanied by premature mitotic entry, multiple mitotic abnormalities, and accumulation of early S-phase cells displaying increased newly replicated DNA, culminating in robust DNA damage and apoptosis. The regimen was active against patient-derived AML cells harboring either wild type or mutant p53, and various NGS-defined mutations. Primitive CD34+/CD123+/CD38− populations enriched for leukemia-initiating progenitors, but not normal CD34+ hematopoietic cells, were highly susceptible to this regimen. Finally, combining AZD1775 with Vorinostat in AML murine xenografts significantly reduced tumor burden and prolonged animal survival. A strategy combining Wee1 with HDACI inhibition warrants further investigation in AML with poor prognostic genetic aberrations.
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189
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Cornago M, Garcia-Alberich C, Blasco-Angulo N, Vall-Llaura N, Nager M, Herreros J, Comella JX, Sanchis D, Llovera M. Histone deacetylase inhibitors promote glioma cell death by G2 checkpoint abrogation leading to mitotic catastrophe. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1435. [PMID: 25275596 PMCID: PMC4237242 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is resistant to conventional anti-tumoral treatments due to its infiltrative nature and capability of relapse; therefore, research efforts focus on characterizing gliomagenesis and identifying molecular targets useful on therapy. New therapeutic strategies are being tested in patients, such as Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) either alone or in combination with other therapies. Here two HDACi included in clinical trials have been tested, suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA) and valproic acid (VPA), to characterize their effects on glioma cell growth in vitro and to determine the molecular changes that promote cancer cell death. We found that both HDACi reduce glioma cell viability, proliferation and clonogenicity. They have multiple effects, such as inducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, nevertheless cell death is not prevented by the pan-caspase inhibitor Q-VD-OPh. Importantly, we found that HDACi alter cell cycle progression by decreasing the expression of G2 checkpoint kinases Wee1 and checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1). In addition, HDACi reduce the expression of proteins involved in DNA repair (Rad51), mitotic spindle formation (TPX2) and chromosome segregation (Survivin) in glioma cells and in human glioblastoma multiforme primary cultures. Therefore, HDACi treatment causes glioma cell entry into mitosis before DNA damage could be repaired and to the formation of an aberrant mitotic spindle that results in glioma cell death through mitotic catastrophe-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cornago
- Cell Signaling and Apoptosis Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - C Garcia-Alberich
- Cell Signaling and Apoptosis Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - N Blasco-Angulo
- Cell Signaling and Apoptosis Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - N Vall-Llaura
- Cell Signaling and Apoptosis Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - M Nager
- Calcium Signaling and Neuronal Differentiation Group, IRBLleida, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - J Herreros
- Calcium Signaling and Neuronal Differentiation Group, IRBLleida, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - J X Comella
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital Universitari de la Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Sanchis
- Cell Signaling and Apoptosis Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - M Llovera
- Cell Signaling and Apoptosis Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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190
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Dasmahapatra G, Patel H, Friedberg J, Quayle SN, Jones SS, Grant S. In vitro and in vivo interactions between the HDAC6 inhibitor ricolinostat (ACY1215) and the irreversible proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib in non-Hodgkin lymphoma cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:2886-97. [PMID: 25239935 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between the HDAC6 inhibitor ricolinostat (ACY1215) and the irreversible proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib were examined in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) models, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and double-hit lymphoma cells. Marked in vitro synergism was observed in multiple cell types associated with activation of cellular stress pathways (e.g., JNK1/2, ERK1/2, and p38) accompanied by increases in DNA damage (γH2A.X), G2-M arrest, and the pronounced induction of mitochondrial injury and apoptosis. Combination treatment with carfilzomib and ricolinostat increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas the antioxidant TBAP attenuated DNA damage, JNK activation, and cell death. Similar interactions occurred in bortezomib-resistant and double-hit DLBCL, MCL, and primary DLBCL cells, but not in normal CD34(+) cells. However, ricolinostat did not potentiate inhibition of chymotryptic activity by carfilzomib. shRNA knockdown of JNK1 (but not MEK1/2), or pharmacologic inhibition of p38, significantly reduced carfilzomib-ricolinostat lethality, indicating a functional contribution of these stress pathways to apoptosis. Combined exposure to carfilzomib and ricolinostat also markedly downregulated the cargo-loading protein HR23B. Moreover, HR23B knockdown significantly increased carfilzomib- and ricolinostat-mediated lethality, suggesting a role for this event in cell death. Finally, combined in vivo treatment with carfilzomib and ricolinostat was well tolerated and significantly suppressed tumor growth and increased survival in an MCL xenograft model. Collectively, these findings indicate that carfilzomib and ricolinostat interact synergistically in NHL cells through multiple stress-related mechanisms, and suggest that this strategy warrants further consideration in NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girija Dasmahapatra
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Hiral Patel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Johnathan Friedberg
- James T. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York. Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York. Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | | | - Simon S Jones
- Acetylon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven Grant
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia. Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia. Virginia Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
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191
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Bose P, Dai Y, Grant S. Histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI) mechanisms of action: emerging insights. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 143:323-36. [PMID: 24769080 PMCID: PMC4117710 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Initially regarded as "epigenetic modifiers" acting predominantly through chromatin remodeling via histone acetylation, HDACIs, alternatively referred to as lysine deacetylase or simply deacetylase inhibitors, have since been recognized to exert multiple cytotoxic actions in cancer cells, often through acetylation of non-histone proteins. Some well-recognized mechanisms of HDACI lethality include, in addition to relaxation of DNA and de-repression of gene transcription, interference with chaperone protein function, free radical generation, induction of DNA damage, up-regulation of endogenous inhibitors of cell cycle progression, e.g., p21, and promotion of apoptosis. Intriguingly, this class of agents is relatively selective for transformed cells, at least in pre-clinical studies. In recent years, additional mechanisms of action of these agents have been uncovered. For example, HDACIs interfere with multiple DNA repair processes, as well as disrupt cell cycle checkpoints, critical to the maintenance of genomic integrity in the face of diverse genotoxic insults. Despite their pre-clinical potential, the clinical use of HDACIs remains restricted to certain subsets of T-cell lymphoma. Currently, it appears likely that the ultimate role of these agents will lie in rational combinations, only a few of which have been pursued in the clinic to date. This review focuses on relatively recently identified mechanisms of action of HDACIs, with particular emphasis on those that relate to the DNA damage response (DDR), and discusses synergistic strategies combining HDACIs with several novel targeted agents that disrupt the DDR or antagonize anti-apoptotic proteins that could have implications for the future use of HDACIs in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithviraj Bose
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Yun Dai
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Steven Grant
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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192
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Lamparter C, Winn LM. Tissue-specific effects of valproic acid on DNA repair genes and apoptosis in postimplantation mouse embryos. Toxicol Sci 2014; 141:59-67. [PMID: 24913804 PMCID: PMC4833099 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to the anticonvulsant drug valproic acid (VPA) is associated with an increased risk of congenital malformations. Although the mechanisms contributing to its teratogenicity are poorly understood, VPA has been shown to induce DNA double strand breaks (DSB) and to increase homologous recombination in vitro. The objective of the present study was to determine whether in utero exposure to VPA alters the frequency of intrachromosomal recombination and the expression of several genes involved in DSB repair in pKZ1 mouse embryos. Pregnant pKZ1 transgenic mice (GD 9.0) were administered VPA (500 mg/kg s.c.) and embryos were extracted and microdissected into the head, heart, and trunk regions 1, 3, 6, and 24 h after injection. Quantitative PCR was used to measure the tissue-specific expression of lacZ, a surrogate measure of recombination, Xrcc4, Rad51, Brca1, and Brca2, with Western blotting used to quantify Rad51, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP protein. Increased recombination was only observed in the embryonic head following 6-h VPA exposure. VPA had no effect on Xrcc4 expression. Rad51, Brca1, and Brca2 expression rapidly decreased in head and trunk tissues after 1-h VPA exposure, followed by a subsequent increase in all tissues, although it was generally attenuated in the head and not due to differences in endogenous levels. Cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP expression was increased in all tissues 3 h following VPA exposure. This study indicates that the tissue-specific expression of several genes involved in DSB repair is altered following exposure to VPA and may be contributing to increased apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Lamparter
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Louise M Winn
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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193
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Chao OS, Goodman OB. Synergistic loss of prostate cancer cell viability by coinhibition of HDAC and PARP. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 12:1755-66. [PMID: 25127709 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Tumors with BRCA germline mutations are defective in repairing DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) through homologous recombination (HR) pathways, making them sensitive to PARP inhibitors (PARPi). However, BRCA germline mutations are rare in prostate cancer limiting the ability to therapeutically target these pathways. This study investigates whether histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDACi), reported to modulate DSB repair pathways in sporadic cancers, can downregulate DSB repair pathways and sensitize prostate cancer cells to PARPi. Prostate cancer cells cotreated with the HDAC inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and the PARPi, olaparib, demonstrated a synergistic decrease in cell viability compared with single-agent treatment (combination index < 0.9), whereas normal prostatic cells did not. Similarly, clonogenicity was significantly decreased after cotreatment. Flow cytometric cell-cycle analysis and Annexin-V staining revealed significant apoptosis upon treatment with SAHA+olaparib. This coincided with increased DNA damage observed by immunofluorescence microscopy analysis of γH2AX foci, a marker of DSBs. In addition, immunoblot analysis showed a significant and persistent increase in nuclear γH2AX levels. Both SAHA and olaparib downregulated the expression of HR-related proteins, BRCA1 and RAD51, whereas SAHA + olaparib had an additive effect on RAD51. Silencing RAD51 sensitized prostate cancer cells to SAHA and olaparib alone. Collectively, cotreatment with HDACi and PARPi downregulated HR-related protein expression and concomitantly increased DNA damage, resulting in prostate cancer cell death. IMPLICATIONS These findings provide a strong rationale for supporting the use of combined HDAC and PARP inhibition in treating advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia S Chao
- Cancer Research Center, College of Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Oscar B Goodman
- Cancer Research Center, College of Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, Las Vegas, Nevada. Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada.
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194
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Di Costanzo A, Del Gaudio N, Migliaccio A, Altucci L. Epigenetic drugs against cancer: an evolving landscape. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:1651-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1315-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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195
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Rahmani M, Aust MM, Benson EC, Wallace L, Friedberg J, Grant S. PI3K/mTOR inhibition markedly potentiates HDAC inhibitor activity in NHL cells through BIM- and MCL-1-dependent mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:4849-60. [PMID: 25070836 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to explore the efficacy and define mechanisms of action of coadministration of the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor BEZ235 and pan-HDAC inhibitor panobinostat in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Various DLBCL cells were exposed to panobinostat and BEZ235 alone or together after which apoptosis and signaling/survival pathway perturbations were monitored by flow cytometry and Western blot analysis. Genetic strategies defined the functional significance of such changes, and xenograft mouse models were used to assess tumor growth and animal survival. RESULTS Panobinostat and BEZ235 interacted synergistically in ABC-, GC-, and double-hit DLBCL cells and MCL cells but not in normal CD34(+) cells. Synergism was associated with pronounced AKT dephosphorylation, GSK3 dephosphorylation/activation, Mcl-1 downregulation, Bim upregulation, increased Bcl-2/Bcl-xL binding, diminished Bax/Bak binding to Bcl-2/Bcl-xL/Mcl-1, increased γH2A.X phosphorylation and histone H3/H4 acetylation, and abrogation of p21(CIP1) induction. BEZ235/panobinostat lethality was not susceptible to stromal/microenvironmental forms of resistance. Genetic strategies confirmed significant functional roles for AKT inactivation, Mcl-1 downregulation, Bim upregulation, and Bax/Bak in synergism. Finally, coadministration of BEZ235 with panobinostat in immunocompromised mice bearing SU-DHL4-derived tumors significantly reduced tumor growth in association with similar signaling changes observed in vitro, and combined treatment increased animal survival compared with single agents. CONCLUSIONS BEZ235/panobinostat exhibits potent anti-DLBCL activity, including in poor-prognosis ABC- and double-hit subtypes, but not in normal CD34(+) cells. Synergism is most likely multifactorial, involving AKT inactivation/GSK3 activation, Bim upregulation, Mcl-1 downregulation, enhanced DNA damage, and is operative in vivo. Combined PI3K/mTOR and HDAC inhibition warrants further attention in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Rahmani
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
| | - Mandy Mayo Aust
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Elisa C Benson
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - LaShanale Wallace
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jonathan Friedberg
- James T. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
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196
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Novohradsky V, Zerzankova L, Stepankova J, Vrana O, Raveendran R, Gibson D, Kasparkova J, Brabec V. Antitumor platinum(IV) derivatives of oxaliplatin with axial valproato ligands. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 140:72-9. [PMID: 25063910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We report new anticancer prodrugs, platinum(IV) derivatives of oxaliplatin conjugated with valproic acid (VPA), a well-known drug having histone deacetylase inhibitory activity. Like most platinum(IV) derivatives, the cytotoxicity of the conjugates was lower in cell culture than that of oxaliplatin, but greater than those of its Pt(IV) derivative containing biologically inactive axial ligands in several cancer cell lines. Notably, these conjugates display activity in both cisplatin sensitive- and resistant tumor cells capable of both markedly enhanced accumulation in tumor cells and acting in a dual threat manner, concurrently targeting histone deacetylase and genomic DNA. These results demonstrate the dual targeting strategy to be a valuable route to pursue in the design of platinum agents which may be more effective in cancer types that are typically resistant to therapy by conventional cisplatin. Moreover, platinum(IV) derivatives containing VPA axial ligands seem to be promising dual-targeting candidates for additional preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Novohradsky
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 12, CZ-77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Zerzankova
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Stepankova
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Oldrich Vrana
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Raji Raveendran
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Dan Gibson
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Jana Kasparkova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 12, CZ-77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic.
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197
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Li Z, Zhu WG. Targeting histone deacetylases for cancer therapy: from molecular mechanisms to clinical implications. Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10:757-70. [PMID: 25013383 PMCID: PMC4081609 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.9067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic abnormalities have been conventionally considered as hallmarks of cancer. However, studies over the past decades have demonstrated that epigenetic regulation also participates in the development of cancer. The fundamental patterns of epigenetic components, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, are frequently altered in tumor cells. Acetylation is one of the best characterized modifications of histones, which is controlled by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). HDACs are a group of enzymes which catalyze the removal of the acetyl groups of both histones and non-histone proteins. HDACs are involved in modulating most key cellular processes, including transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, DNA damage repair, cell cycle control, autophagy, metabolism, senescence and chaperone function. Because HDACs have been found to function incorrectly in cancer, various HDAC inhibitors are being investigated to act as cancer chemotherapeutics. The primary purpose of this paper is to summarize recent studies of the links between HDACs and cancer, and further discuss the underlying mechanisms of anti-tumor activities of HDAC inhibitors and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Li
- 1. Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing 100191, China. ; 2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- 1. Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing 100191, China. ; 2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China. ; 3. Peking-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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198
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Bohrer RC, Duggavathi R, Bordignon V. Inhibition of histone deacetylases enhances DNA damage repair in SCNT embryos. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:2138-48. [PMID: 24841373 DOI: 10.4161/cc.29215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that DNA damage affects embryo development and also somatic cell reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. It has been also shown that treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) improves development of embryos produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and enhances somatic cell reprogramming. There is evidence that increasing histone acetylation at the sites of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is critical for DNA damage repair. Therefore, we hypothesized that HDACi treatment enhances cell programming and embryo development by facilitating DNA damage repair. To test this hypothesis, we first established a DNA damage model wherein exposure of nuclear donor cells to ultraviolet (UV) light prior to nuclear transfer reduced the development of SCNT embryos proportional to the length of UV exposure. Detection of phosphorylated histone H2A.x (H2AX139ph) foci confirmed that exposure of nuclear donor cells to UV light for 10 s was sufficient to increase DSBs in SCNT embryos. Treatment with HDACi during embryo culture increased development and reduced DSBs in SCNT embryos produced from UV-treated cells. Transcript abundance of genes involved in either the homologous recombination (HR) or nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathways for DSBs repair was reduced by HDACi treatment in developing embryos at day 5 after SCNT. Interestingly, expression of HR and NHEJ genes was similar between HDACi-treated and control SCNT embryos that developed to the blastocyst stage. This suggested that the increased number of embryos that could achieve the blastocyst stage in response to HDACi treatment have repaired DNA damage. These results demonstrate that DNA damage in nuclear donor cells is an important component affecting development of SCNT embryos, and that HDACi treatment after nuclear transfer enhances DSBs repair and development of SCNT embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raj Duggavathi
- Department of Animal Science; McGill University; Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vilceu Bordignon
- Department of Animal Science; McGill University; Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
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199
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Bezecny P. Histone deacetylase inhibitors in glioblastoma: pre-clinical and clinical experience. Med Oncol 2014; 31:985. [PMID: 24838514 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0985-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are increasingly recognized as a major factor contributing to pathogenesis of cancer including glioblastoma, the most common and most malignant primary brain tumour in adults. Enzymatic modifications of histone proteins regulating gene expression are being exploited for therapeutic drug targeting. Over the last decade, numerous studies have shown promising results with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in various malignancies. This article provides a brief overview of mechanism of anti-cancer effect and pharmacology of HDAC inhibitors and summarizes results from pre-clinical and clinical studies in glioblastoma. It analyses experience with HDAC inhibitors as single agents as well as in combination with targeted agents, cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Hallmark features of glioblastoma, such as uncontrolled cellular proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and resistance to apoptosis, have been shown to be targeted by HDAC inhibitors in experiments with glioblastoma cell lines. Vorinostat is the most advanced HDAC inhibitor that entered clinical trials in glioblastoma, showing activity in recurrent disease. Multiple phase II trials with vorinostat in combination with targeted agents, temozolomide and radiotherapy are currently recruiting. While the results from pre-clinical studies are encouraging, early clinical trials showed only modest benefit and the value of HDAC inhibitors for clinical practice will need to be confirmed in larger prospective trials. Further research in epigenetic mechanisms driving glioblastoma pathogenesis and identification of molecular subtypes of glioblastoma is needed. This will hopefully lead to better selection of patients who will benefit from treatment with HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Bezecny
- Rosemere Cancer Centre, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sharoe Green Lane, Preston, PR2 9HT, UK,
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200
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Hui KF, Chiang AKS. Combination of proteasome and class I HDAC inhibitors induces apoptosis of NPC cells through an HDAC6-independent ER stress-induced mechanism. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:2950-61. [PMID: 24771510 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The current paradigm stipulates that inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) 6 is essential for the combinatorial effect of proteasome and HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of cancers. Our study aims to investigate the effect of combining different class I HDAC inhibitors (without HDAC6 action) with a proteasome inhibitor on apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We found that combination of a proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, and several class I HDAC inhibitors, including MS-275, apicidin and romidepsin, potently induced killing of NPC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Among the drug pairs, combination of bortezomib and romidepsin (bort/romidepsin) was the most potent and could induce apoptosis at low nanomolar concentrations. The apoptosis of NPC cells was reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and caspase-dependent but was independent of HDAC6 inhibition. Of note, bort/romidepsin might directly suppress the formation of aggresome through the downregulation of c-myc. In addition, two markers of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis, ATF-4 and CHOP/GADD153, were upregulated, whereas a specific inhibitor of caspase-4 (an initiator of ER stress-induced apoptosis) could suppress the apoptosis. When ROS level in the NPC cells was reduced to the untreated level, ER stress-induced caspase activation was abrogated. Collectively, our data demonstrate a model of synergism between proteasome and class I HDAC inhibitors in the induction of ROS-dependent ER stress-induced apoptosis of NPC cells, independent of HDAC6 inhibition, and provide the rationale to combine the more specific and potent class I HDAC inhibitors with proteasome inhibitors for the treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwai Fung Hui
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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