151
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Abstract
Over tens of thousands of years of human genetic and cultural evolution, many types and varieties of music and language have emerged; however, the fundamental components of each of these modes of communication seem to be common to all human cultures and social groups. In this brief review, rather than focusing on the development of different musical techniques and practices over time, the main issues addressed here concern: (i) when, and speculations as to why, modern Homo sapiens evolved musical behaviors, (ii) the evolutionary relationship between music and language, and (iii) why humans, perhaps unique among all living species, universally continue to possess two complementary but distinct communication streams. Did music exist before language, or vice versa, or was there a common precursor that in some way separated into two distinct yet still overlapping systems when cognitively modern H. sapiens evolved? A number of theories put forward to explain the origin and persistent universality of music are considered, but emphasis is given, supported by recent neuroimaging, physiological, and psychological findings, to the role that music can play in promoting trust, altruistic behavior, social bonding, and cooperation within groups of culturally compatible but not necessarily genetically related humans. It is argued that, early in our history, the unique socializing and harmonizing power of music acted as an essential counterweight to the new and evolving sense of self, to an emerging sense of individuality and mortality that was linked to the development of an advanced cognitive capacity and articulate language capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Harvey
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
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152
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Spee B, Ishizu T, Leder H, Mikuni J, Kawabata H, Pelowski M. Neuropsychopharmacological aesthetics: A theoretical consideration of pharmacological approaches to causative brain study in aesthetics and art. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2018; 237:343-372. [PMID: 29779743 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in neuroaesthetics have heightened the need for causative approaches to more deeply understand the mechanism underlying perception, emotion, and aesthetic experiences. This has recently been the topic for empirical work, employing several causative methods for changing brain activity, as well as comparative assessments of individuals with brain damage or disease. However, one area of study with high potential, and indeed a long history of often nonscientific use in the area of aesthetics and art, employing psychopharmacological chemicals as means of changing brain function, has not been systematically utilized. This chapter reviews the literature on this topic, analyzing neuroendocrinological (neurochemical) approaches and mechanisms that might be used to causatively study the aesthetic brain. We focus on four relevant neuromodulatory systems potentially related to aesthetic experience: the dopaminergic, serotonergic, cannabinoid, and the opioidergic system. We build a bridge to psychopharmacological methods and review drug-induced behavioral and neurobiological consequences. We conclude with a discussion of hypotheses and suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Spee
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Psychology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tomohiro Ishizu
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Psychology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Leder
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Psychology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Mikuni
- Department of Psychology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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153
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Wassiliwizky E, Koelsch S, Wagner V, Jacobsen T, Menninghaus W. The emotional power of poetry: neural circuitry, psychophysiology and compositional principles. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 12:1229-1240. [PMID: 28460078 PMCID: PMC5597896 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsx069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is a common experience-and well established experimentally-that music can engage us emotionally in a compelling manner. The mechanisms underlying these experiences are receiving increasing scrutiny. However, the extent to which other domains of aesthetic experience can similarly elicit strong emotions is unknown. Using psychophysiology, neuroimaging and behavioral responses, we show that recited poetry can act as a powerful stimulus for eliciting peak emotional responses, including chills and objectively measurable goosebumps that engage the primary reward circuitry. Importantly, while these responses to poetry are largely analogous to those found for music, their neural underpinnings show important differences, specifically with regard to the crucial role of the nucleus accumbens. We also go beyond replicating previous music-related studies by showing that peak aesthetic pleasure can co-occur with physiological markers of negative affect. Finally, the distribution of chills across the trajectory of poems provides insight into compositional principles of poetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen Wassiliwizky
- Department of Language and Literature, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, 60322 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Koelsch
- Department of Language and Literature, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, 60322 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Valentin Wagner
- Department of Language and Literature, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, 60322 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Jacobsen
- Experimental Psychology Unit, Helmut Schmidt University/University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg, 22043 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Menninghaus
- Department of Language and Literature, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, 60322 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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154
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Järvelä I. Genomics studies on musical aptitude, music perception, and practice. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1423:82-91. [PMID: 29570792 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
When searching for genetic markers inherited together with musical aptitude, genes affecting inner ear development and brain function were identified. The alpha-synuclein gene (SNCA), located in the most significant linkage region of musical aptitude, was overexpressed when listening and performing music. The GATA-binding protein 2 gene (GATA2) was located in the best associated region of musical aptitude and regulates SNCA in dopaminergic neurons, thus linking DNA- and RNA-based studies of music-related traits together. In addition to SNCA, several other genes were linked to dopamine metabolism. Mutations in SNCA predispose to Lewy-body dementia and cause Parkinson disease in humans and affect song production in songbirds. Several other birdsong genes were found in transcriptome analysis, suggesting a common evolutionary background of sound perception and production in humans and songbirds. Regions of positive selection with musical aptitude contained genes affecting auditory perception, cognitive performance, memory, human language development, and song perception and production of songbirds. The data support the role of dopaminergic pathway and their link to the reward mechanism as a molecular determinant in positive selection of music. Integration of gene-level data from the literature across multiple species prioritized activity-dependent immediate early genes as candidate genes in musical aptitude and listening to and performing music.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Järvelä
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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155
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Xiao XZ, Wong HK, Wang Y, Zhao K, Zeng GQ, Yip LY, Wong GCS, Tse CY. Detecting violation in abstract pitch patterns with mismatch negativity. Psychophysiology 2018; 55:e13078. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Zhen Xiao
- Department of Psychology & Center for Cognition and Brain Studies; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Hoi Ki Wong
- Department of Psychology & Center for Cognition and Brain Studies; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Psychology & Center for Cognition and Brain Studies; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Kunyang Zhao
- Department of Psychology & Center for Cognition and Brain Studies; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Ginger Qinghong Zeng
- Department of Psychology & Center for Cognition and Brain Studies; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Long-Yin Yip
- Department of Psychology & Center for Cognition and Brain Studies; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Geoffrey Chun-Sung Wong
- Department of Psychology & Center for Cognition and Brain Studies; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Chun-Yu Tse
- Department of Psychology & Center for Cognition and Brain Studies; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
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156
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Yuan G, Liu G, Wei D, Wang G, Li Q, Qi M, Wu S. Functional connectivity corresponding to the tonotopic differentiation of the human auditory cortex. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:2224-2234. [PMID: 29417705 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has demonstrated that resting-state functional connectivity (RS-FC) within the human auditory cortex (HAC) is frequency-selective, but whether RS-FC between the HAC and other brain areas is differentiated by frequency remains unclear. Three types of data were collected in this study, including resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, task-based fMRI data using six pure tone stimuli (200, 400, 800, 1,600, 3,200, and 6,400 Hz), and structural imaging data. We first used task-based fMRI to identify frequency-selective cortical regions in the HAC. Six regions of interest (ROIs) were defined based on the responses of 50 participants to the six pure tone stimuli. Then, these ROIs were used as seeds to determine RS-FC between the HAC and other brain regions. The results showed that there was RS-FC between the HAC and brain regions that included the superior temporal gyrus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DL-PFC), parietal cortex, occipital lobe, and subcortical structures. Importantly, significant differences in FC were observed among most of the brain regions that showed RS-FC with the HAC. Specifically, there was stronger RS-FC between (1) low-frequency (200 and 400 Hz) regions and brain regions including the premotor cortex, somatosensory/-association cortex, and DL-PFC; (2) intermediate-frequency (800 and 1,600 Hz) regions and brain regions including the anterior/posterior superior temporal sulcus, supramarginal gyrus, and inferior frontal cortex; (3) intermediate/low-frequency regions and vision-related regions; (4) high-frequency (3,200 and 6,400 Hz) regions and the anterior cingulate cortex or left DL-PFC. These findings demonstrate that RS-FC between the HAC and other brain areas is frequency selective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjie Yuan
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Affective Computing and Information Processing, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangyuan Liu
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Affective Computing and Information Processing, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Circuits and Intelligent Information Processing, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongtao Wei
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaoyuan Wang
- College of Music, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Affective Computing and Information Processing, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingming Qi
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Affective Computing and Information Processing, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shifu Wu
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Affective Computing and Information Processing, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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157
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Abstract
Does music matter? Judging from the ever-diminishing support for music education in public funding, the message is that it is just a frill to be cast aside for more pressing needs. The pleasure of listening to music is worthy in itself and reason enough for support, but what happens when people are more deeply engaged, such as when they learn to read music and play an instrument? Can more material rewards follow for cognition, language, and emotion, and for social and physical well-being? This essay presents an overview of issues and evidence from a broad range of disciplines and age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Julius Harris
- a Department of Psychology , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan
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158
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He H, Yang M, Duan M, Chen X, Lai Y, Xia Y, Shao J, Biswal BB, Luo C, Yao D. Music Intervention Leads to Increased Insular Connectivity and Improved Clinical Symptoms in Schizophrenia. Front Neurosci 2018; 11:744. [PMID: 29410607 PMCID: PMC5787137 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a syndrome that is typically accompanied by delusions and hallucinations that might be associated with insular pathology. Music intervention, as a complementary therapy, is commonly used to improve psychiatric symptoms in the maintenance stage of schizophrenia. In this study, we employed a longitudinal design to assess the effects of listening to Mozart music on the insular functional connectivity (FC) in patients with schizophrenia. Thirty-six schizophrenia patients were randomly divided into two equal groups as follows: the music intervention (MTSZ) group, which received a 1-month music intervention series combined with antipsychotic drugs, and the no-music intervention (UMTSZ) group, which was treated solely with antipsychotic drugs. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans were performed at the following three timepoints: baseline, 1 month after baseline and 6 months after baseline. Nineteen healthy participants were recruited as controls. An FC analysis seeded in the insular subregions and machine learning techniques were used to examine intervention-related changes. After 1 month of listening to Mozart music, the MTSZ showed increased FC in the dorsal anterior insula (dAI) and posterior insular (PI) networks, including the dAI-ACC, PI-pre/postcentral cortices, and PI-ACC connectivity. However, these enhanced FCs had vanished in follow-up visits after 6 months. Additionally, a support vector regression on the FC of the dAI-ACC at baseline yielded a significant prediction of relative symptom remission in response to music intervention. Furthermore, the validation analyses revealed that 1 month of music intervention could facilitate improvement of the insular FC in schizophrenia. Together, these findings revealed that the insular cortex could potentially be an important region in music intervention for patients with schizophrenia, thus improving the patients' psychiatric symptoms through normalizing the salience and sensorimotor networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui He
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Mi Yang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,The Four People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingjun Duan
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,The Four People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Chen
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongxiu Lai
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Xia
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Junming Shao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Bharat B Biswal
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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159
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Bell A, Jedrzejczak WW. The 1.06 frequency ratio in the cochlea: evidence and outlook for a natural musical semitone. PeerJ 2018; 5:e4192. [PMID: 29302401 PMCID: PMC5745955 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A frequency ratio of about 1.06 often appears in cochlear mechanics, and the question naturally arises, why? The ratio is close to that of the semitone (1.059) in music, giving reason to think that this aspect of musical perception might have a cochlear basis. Here, data on synchronised spontaneous otoacoustic emissions is presented, and a clustering of ratios between 1.05 and 1.07 is found with a peak at 1.063 ± 0.005. These findings reinforce what has been found from previous sources, which are reviewed and placed alongside the present work. The review establishes that a peak in the vicinity of 1.06 has often been found in human cochlear data. Several possible cochlear models for explaining the findings are described. Irrespective of which model is selected, the fact remains that the cochlea itself appears to be the origin of a ratio remarkably close to an equal-tempered musical semitone, and this close coincidence leads to the suggestion that the inner ear may play a role in constructing a natural theory of music. The outlook for such an enterprise is surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bell
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - W Wiktor Jedrzejczak
- Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland.,World Hearing Center, Kajetany, Poland
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160
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Abstract
Many methods have been developed to translate a human electroencephalogram (EEG) into music. In addition to EEG, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is another method used to study the brain and can reflect physiological processes. In 2012, we established a method to use simultaneously recorded fMRI and EEG signals to produce EEG-fMRI music, which represents a step toward scale-free brain music. In this study, we used a neural mass model, the Jansen-Rit model, to simulate activity in several cortical brain regions. The interactions between different brain regions were represented by the average normalized diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) structural connectivity with a coupling coefficient that modulated the coupling strength. Seventy-eight brain regions were adopted from the Automated Anatomical Labeling (AAL) template. Furthermore, we used the Balloon-Windkessel hemodynamic model to transform neural activity into a blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal. Because the fMRI BOLD signal changes slowly, we used a sampling rate of 250 Hz to produce the temporal series for music generation. Then, the BOLD music was generated for each region using these simulated BOLD signals. Because the BOLD signal is scale free, these music pieces were also scale free, which is similar to classic music. Here, to simulate the case of an epileptic patient, we changed the parameter that determined the amplitude of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) in the neural mass model. Finally, we obtained BOLD music for healthy and epileptic patients. The differences in levels of arousal between the 2 pieces of music may provide a potential tool for discriminating the different populations if the differences can be confirmed by more real data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
| | - Sijia Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
| | - Mingming Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
| | - Weixia Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
| | - Hua Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Department of Composition, Sichuan Conservatory of Music, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Daqing Guo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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161
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Freeman TP, Pope RA, Wall MB, Bisby JA, Luijten M, Hindocha C, Mokrysz C, Lawn W, Moss A, Bloomfield MAP, Morgan CJA, Nutt DJ, Curran HV. Cannabis Dampens the Effects of Music in Brain Regions Sensitive to Reward and Emotion. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 21:21-32. [PMID: 29025134 PMCID: PMC5795345 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the current shift towards permissive cannabis policies, few studies have investigated the pleasurable effects users seek. Here, we investigate the effects of cannabis on listening to music, a rewarding activity that frequently occurs in the context of recreational cannabis use. We additionally tested how these effects are influenced by cannabidiol, which may offset cannabis-related harms. METHODS Across 3 sessions, 16 cannabis users inhaled cannabis with cannabidiol, cannabis without cannabidiol, and placebo. We compared their response to music relative to control excerpts of scrambled sound during functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging within regions identified in a meta-analysis of music-evoked reward and emotion. All results were False Discovery Rate corrected (P<.05). RESULTS Compared with placebo, cannabis without cannabidiol dampened response to music in bilateral auditory cortex (right: P=.005, left: P=.008), right hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus (P=.025), right amygdala (P=.025), and right ventral striatum (P=.033). Across all sessions, the effects of music in this ventral striatal region correlated with pleasure ratings (P=.002) and increased functional connectivity with auditory cortex (right: P< .001, left: P< .001), supporting its involvement in music reward. Functional connectivity between right ventral striatum and auditory cortex was increased by cannabidiol (right: P=.003, left: P=.030), and cannabis with cannabidiol did not differ from placebo on any functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging measures. Both types of cannabis increased ratings of wanting to listen to music (P<.002) and enhanced sound perception (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Cannabis dampens the effects of music in brain regions sensitive to reward and emotion. These effects were offset by a key cannabis constituent, cannabidol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom P Freeman
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, United Kingdom.,National Addiction Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca A Pope
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew B Wall
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, United Kingdom.,Imanova Centre for Imaging Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James A Bisby
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Maartje Luijten
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Chandni Hindocha
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Mokrysz
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Will Lawn
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail Moss
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A P Bloomfield
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Psychiatry, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Celia J A Morgan
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - David J Nutt
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - H Valerie Curran
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, United Kingdom
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162
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163
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Abstract
Do you know that our soul is composed of harmony? Leonardo Da Vinci Despite evidence for music-specific mechanisms at the level of pitch-pattern representations, the most fascinating aspect of music is its transmodality. Recent psychological and neuroscientific evidence suggest that music is unique in the coupling of perception, cognition, action and emotion. This potentially explains why music has been since time immemorial almost inextricably linked to healing processes and should continue to be.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo E Andrade
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
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164
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Maes PJ, Nijs L, Leman M. A Conceptual Framework for Music-Based Interaction Systems. SPRINGER HANDBOOK OF SYSTEMATIC MUSICOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-55004-5_37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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165
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Mansouri FA, Acevedo N, Illipparampil R, Fehring DJ, Fitzgerald PB, Jaberzadeh S. Interactive effects of music and prefrontal cortex stimulation in modulating response inhibition. Sci Rep 2017; 7:18096. [PMID: 29273796 PMCID: PMC5741740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Influential hypotheses propose that alterations in emotional state influence decision processes and executive control of behavior. Both music and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of prefrontal cortex affect emotional state, however interactive effects of music and tDCS on executive functions remain unknown. Learning to inhibit inappropriate responses is an important aspect of executive control which is guided by assessing the decision outcomes such as errors. We found that high-tempo music, but not low-tempo music or low-level noise, significantly influenced learning and implementation of inhibitory control. In addition, a brief period of tDCS over prefrontal cortex specifically interacted with high-tempo music and altered its effects on executive functions. Measuring event-related autonomic and arousal response of participants indicated that exposure to task demands and practice led to a decline in arousal response to the decision outcome and high-tempo music enhanced such practice-related processes. However, tDCS specifically moderated the high-tempo music effect on the arousal response to errors and concomitantly restored learning and improvement in executive functions. Here, we show that tDCS and music interactively influence the learning and implementation of inhibitory control. Our findings indicate that alterations in the arousal-emotional response to the decision outcome might underlie these interactive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Alizadeh Mansouri
- Department of Physiology, Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia. .,ARC Centre of Excellence in Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Nicola Acevedo
- Department of Physiology, Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Rosin Illipparampil
- Department of Physiology, Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Daniel J Fehring
- Department of Physiology, Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul B Fitzgerald
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and the Alfred Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shapour Jaberzadeh
- Department of Physiotherapy, Non-invasive Brain Stimulation & Neuroplasticity Laboratory, Monash University, Victoria, 3199, Australia
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166
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Raglio A, Vico F. Music and Technology: The Curative Algorithm. Front Psychol 2017; 8:2055. [PMID: 29250008 PMCID: PMC5715368 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Raglio
- Music Therapy Laboratory, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francisco Vico
- ETSI Informatica, Andalucia Tech, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
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167
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Elvers P, Steffens J. The Sound of Success: Investigating Cognitive and Behavioral Effects of Motivational Music in Sports. Front Psychol 2017; 8:2026. [PMID: 29209257 PMCID: PMC5702473 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Listening to music before, during, or after sports is a common phenomenon, yet its functions and effects on performance, cognition, and behavior remain to be investigated. In this study we present a novel approach to the role of music in sports and exercise that focuses on the notion of musical self-enhancement (Elvers, 2016). We derived the following hypotheses from this framework: listening to motivational music will (i) enhance self-evaluative cognition, (ii) improve performance in a ball game, and (iii) evoke greater risk-taking behavior. To evaluate the hypotheses, we conducted a between-groups experiment (N = 150) testing the effectiveness of both an experimenter playlist and a participant-selected playlist in comparison to a no-music control condition. All participants performed a ball-throwing task developed by Decharms and Davé (1965), consisting of two parts: First, participants threw the ball from fixed distances into a funnel basket. During this task, performance was measured. In the second part, the participants themselves chose distances from the basket, which allowed their risk-taking behavior to be assessed. The results indicate that listening to motivational music led to greater risk taking but did not improve ball-throwing performance. This effect was more pronounced in male participants and among those who listened to their own playlists. Furthermore, self-selected music enhanced state self-esteem in participants who were performing well but not in those who were performing poorly. We also discuss further implications for the notion of musical self-enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Elvers
- Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jochen Steffens
- Audio Communication Group, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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168
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Tracting the neural basis of music: Deficient structural connectivity underlying acquired amusia. Cortex 2017; 97:255-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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169
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Mas-Herrero E, Dagher A, Zatorre RJ. Modulating musical reward sensitivity up and down with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Nat Hum Behav 2017; 2:27-32. [PMID: 30980048 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-017-0241-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Humans have the unique capacity to experience pleasure from aesthetic stimuli, such as art and music. Recent neuroimaging findings with music have led to a model in which mesolimbic striatal circuits interact with cortical systems to generate expectancies leading to pleasure 1,2 . However, neuroimaging approaches are correlational. Here, we provide causal evidence for the model by combining transcranial magnetic stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to directly modulate fronto-striatal function 3 bidirectionally together with measures of pleasure and motivation during music listening. Our results show that perceived pleasure, psychophysiological measures of emotional arousal, and the monetary value assigned to music, are all significantly increased by exciting fronto-striatal pathways, whereas inhibition of this system leads to decreases in all of these variables compared with sham stimulation. These findings support the hypothesis that fronto-striatal function causally mediates both the affective responses and motivational aspects of music-induced reward, and provide insights into how aesthetic responses emerge in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Mas-Herrero
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,International Laboratory for Brain, Music, and Sound Research (BRAMS), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Dagher
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Robert J Zatorre
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,International Laboratory for Brain, Music, and Sound Research (BRAMS), Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM), Montreal, QC, Canada.
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170
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Rosenow F, van Alphen N, Becker A, Chiocchetti A, Deichmann R, Deller T, Freiman T, Freitag CM, Gehrig J, Hermsen AM, Jedlicka P, Kell C, Klein KM, Knake S, Kullmann DM, Liebner S, Norwood BA, Omigie D, Plate K, Reif A, Reif PS, Reiss Y, Roeper J, Ronellenfitsch MW, Schorge S, Schratt G, Schwarzacher SW, Steinbach JP, Strzelczyk A, Triesch J, Wagner M, Walker MC, von Wegner F, Bauer S. Personalized translational epilepsy research - Novel approaches and future perspectives: Part I: Clinical and network analysis approaches. Epilepsy Behav 2017; 76:13-18. [PMID: 28917501 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite the availability of more than 15 new "antiepileptic drugs", the proportion of patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy has remained constant at about 20-30%. Furthermore, no disease-modifying treatments shown to prevent the development of epilepsy following an initial precipitating brain injury or to reverse established epilepsy have been identified to date. This is likely in part due to the polyetiologic nature of epilepsy, which in turn requires personalized medicine approaches. Recent advances in imaging, pathology, genetics and epigenetics have led to new pathophysiological concepts and the identification of monogenic causes of epilepsy. In the context of these advances, the First International Symposium on Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (1st ISymPTER) was held in Frankfurt on September 8, 2016, to discuss novel approaches and future perspectives for personalized translational research. These included new developments and ideas in a range of experimental and clinical areas such as deep phenotyping, quantitative brain imaging, EEG/MEG-based analysis of network dysfunction, tissue-based translational studies, innate immunity mechanisms, microRNA as treatment targets, functional characterization of genetic variants in human cell models and rodent organotypic slice cultures, personalized treatment approaches for monogenic epilepsies, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, therapeutic focal tissue modification, computational modeling for target and biomarker identification, and cost analysis in (monogenic) disease and its treatment. This report on the meeting proceedings is aimed at stimulating much needed investments of time and resources in personalized translational epilepsy research. Part I includes the clinical phenotyping and diagnostic methods, EEG network-analysis, biomarkers, and personalized treatment approaches. In Part II, experimental and translational approaches will be discussed (Bauer et al., 2017) [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Rosenow
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Epilepsy Center Marburg, Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1).
| | - Natascha van Alphen
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Albert Becker
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Chiocchetti
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Ralf Deichmann
- Brain Imaging Center (BIC) Frankfurt, Department of Neurology, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Thomas Deller
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Thomas Freiman
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Christine M Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Johannes Gehrig
- Emmy-Noether Group Kell, Department of Neurology, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Anke M Hermsen
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Peter Jedlicka
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Christian Kell
- Emmy-Noether Group Kell, Department of Neurology, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Karl Martin Klein
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Epilepsy Center Marburg, Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Susanne Knake
- Epilepsy Center Marburg, Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Dimitri M Kullmann
- Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Liebner
- Edinger-Institute Frankfurt, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Braxton A Norwood
- Epilepsy Center Marburg, Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Diana Omigie
- Max-Planck-Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, 60322 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Karlheinz Plate
- Edinger-Institute Frankfurt, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Philipp S Reif
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Yvonne Reiss
- Edinger-Institute Frankfurt, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Jochen Roeper
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Neuroscience Center, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Michael W Ronellenfitsch
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute for Neurooncology, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Stephanie Schorge
- Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Gerhard Schratt
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Stephan W Schwarzacher
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Joachim P Steinbach
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute for Neurooncology, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Adam Strzelczyk
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Epilepsy Center Marburg, Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Jochen Triesch
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Marlies Wagner
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Matthew C Walker
- Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Frederic von Wegner
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Sebastian Bauer
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Epilepsy Center Marburg, Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
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171
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Music-evoked emotion classification using EEG correlation-based information. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017; 2017:3348-3351. [PMID: 29060614 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2017.8037573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The relation between music and emotions has been investigated for decades. Most of the studies focused on short clips and were designed with specific tasks. This paper investigated the emotional states from electroencephalogram (EEG) activities during music appreciation. An emotion evoked experiment paradigm was designed during music appreciation. The EEG signals were recorded in 15 healthy adults during the entire process of music listening. The band power change (BPC) and higher order crossing (HOC) features were extracted from the EEG signals. A correlation-based feature analysis approach was proposed to find the most relevant features in time, frequency and channel space domains. From the results, this method achieved the average accuracy of 67.2% for the classification of high and low valence in the combination of BPC and HOC features. A deeper understanding of the brain emotional patterns could be helpful in building an intelligent and friendly affective application.
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172
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Loui P, Patterson S, Sachs ME, Leung Y, Zeng T, Przysinda E. White Matter Correlates of Musical Anhedonia: Implications for Evolution of Music. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1664. [PMID: 28993748 PMCID: PMC5622186 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent theoretical advances in the evolution of music posit that affective communication is an evolutionary function of music through which the mind and brain are transformed. A rigorous test of this view should entail examining the neuroanatomical mechanisms for affective communication of music, specifically by comparing individual differences in the general population with a special population who lacks specific affective responses to music. Here we compare white matter connectivity in BW, a case with severe musical anhedonia, with a large sample of control subjects who exhibit normal variability in reward sensitivity to music. We show for the first time that structural connectivity within the reward system can predict individual differences in musical reward in a large population, but specific patterns in connectivity between auditory and reward systems are special in an extreme case of specific musical anhedonia. Results support and extend the Mixed Origins of Music theory by identifying multiple neural pathways through which music might operate as an affective signaling system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Psyche Loui
- Music, Imaging and Neural Dynamics Lab, Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Wesleyan University, MiddletownCT, United States
| | - Sean Patterson
- Music, Imaging and Neural Dynamics Lab, Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Wesleyan University, MiddletownCT, United States
| | - Matthew E. Sachs
- Department of Psychology, Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, Los AngelesCA, United States
| | - Yvonne Leung
- Music, Imaging and Neural Dynamics Lab, Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Wesleyan University, MiddletownCT, United States
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, PenrithNSW, Australia
| | - Tima Zeng
- Music, Imaging and Neural Dynamics Lab, Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Wesleyan University, MiddletownCT, United States
| | - Emily Przysinda
- Music, Imaging and Neural Dynamics Lab, Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Wesleyan University, MiddletownCT, United States
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173
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Music-related reward responses predict episodic memory performance. Exp Brain Res 2017; 235:3721-3731. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-5095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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174
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Särkämö T. Music for the ageing brain: Cognitive, emotional, social, and neural benefits of musical leisure activities in stroke and dementia. DEMENTIA 2017; 17:670-685. [DOI: 10.1177/1471301217729237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Music engages an extensive network of auditory, cognitive, motor, and emotional processing regions in the brain. Coupled with the fact that the emotional and cognitive impact of music is often well preserved in ageing and dementia, music is a powerful tool in the care and rehabilitation of many ageing-related neurological diseases. In addition to formal music therapy, there has been a growing interest in self- or caregiver-implemented musical leisure activities or hobbies as a widely applicable means to support psychological wellbeing in ageing and in neurological rehabilitation. This article reviews the currently existing evidence on the cognitive, emotional, and neural benefits of musical leisure activities in normal ageing as well as in the rehabilitation and care of two of the most common and ageing-related neurological diseases: stroke and dementia.
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175
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Sihvonen AJ, Särkämö T, Ripollés P, Leo V, Saunavaara J, Parkkola R, Rodríguez-Fornells A, Soinila S. Functional neural changes associated with acquired amusia across different stages of recovery after stroke. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11390. [PMID: 28900231 PMCID: PMC5595783 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11841-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain damage causing acquired amusia disrupts the functional music processing system, creating a unique opportunity to investigate the critical neural architectures of musical processing in the brain. In this longitudinal fMRI study of stroke patients (N = 41) with a 6-month follow-up, we used natural vocal music (sung with lyrics) and instrumental music stimuli to uncover brain activation and functional network connectivity changes associated with acquired amusia and its recovery. In the acute stage, amusic patients exhibited decreased activation in right superior temporal areas compared to non-amusic patients during instrumental music listening. During the follow-up, the activation deficits expanded to comprise a wide-spread bilateral frontal, temporal, and parietal network. The amusics showed less activation deficits to vocal music, suggesting preserved processing of singing in the amusic brain. Compared to non-recovered amusics, recovered amusics showed increased activation to instrumental music in bilateral frontoparietal areas at 3 months and in right middle and inferior frontal areas at 6 months. Amusia recovery was also associated with increased functional connectivity in right and left frontoparietal attention networks to instrumental music. Overall, our findings reveal the dynamic nature of deficient activation and connectivity patterns in acquired amusia and highlight the role of dorsal networks in amusia recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksi J Sihvonen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Teppo Särkämö
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pablo Ripollés
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cognition, Development and Education Psychology, University of Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Poeppel Lab, Department of Psychology, New York University, 10003, NY, USA
| | - Vera Leo
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jani Saunavaara
- Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of Radiology, Turku University and Turku University Hospital, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Antoni Rodríguez-Fornells
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cognition, Development and Education Psychology, University of Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Seppo Soinila
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital and Department of Neurology, University of Turku, 20521, Turku, Finland
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176
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The MMN as a viable and objective marker of auditory development in CI users. Hear Res 2017; 353:57-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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177
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Microsaccade-rate indicates absorption by music listening. Conscious Cogn 2017; 55:59-78. [PMID: 28787663 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The power of music is a literary topos, which can be attributed to intense and personally significant experiences, one of them being the state of absorption. Such phenomenal states are difficult to grasp objectively. We investigated the state of musical absorption by using eye tracking. We utilized a load related definition of state absorption: multimodal resources are committed to create a unified representation of music. Resource allocation was measured indirectly by microsaccade rate, known to indicate cognitive processing load. We showed in Exp. 1 that microsaccade rate also indicates state absorption. Hence, there is cross-modal coupling between an auditory aesthetic experience and fixational eye movements. When removing the fixational stimulus in Exp. 2, saccades are no longer generated upon visual input and the cross-modal coupling disappeared. Results are interpreted in favor of the load hypothesis of microsaccade rate and against the assumption of general slowing by state absorption.
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178
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Echoes on the motor network: how internal motor control structures afford sensory experience. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:3865-3888. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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179
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Sihvonen AJ, Ripollés P, Rodríguez-Fornells A, Soinila S, Särkämö T. Revisiting the Neural Basis of Acquired Amusia: Lesion Patterns and Structural Changes Underlying Amusia Recovery. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:426. [PMID: 28790885 PMCID: PMC5524924 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although, acquired amusia is a common deficit following stroke, relatively little is still known about its precise neural basis, let alone to its recovery. Recently, we performed a voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) and morphometry (VBM) study which revealed a right lateralized lesion pattern, and longitudinal gray matter volume (GMV) and white matter volume (WMV) changes that were specifically associated with acquired amusia after stroke. In the present study, using a larger sample of stroke patients (N = 90), we aimed to replicate and extend the previous structural findings as well as to determine the lesion patterns and volumetric changes associated with amusia recovery. Structural MRIs were acquired at acute and 6-month post-stroke stages. Music perception was behaviorally assessed at acute and 3-month post-stroke stages using the Scale and Rhythm subtests of the Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia (MBEA). Using these scores, the patients were classified as non-amusic, recovered amusic, and non-recovered amusic. The results of the acute stage VLSM analyses and the longitudinal VBM analyses converged to show that more severe and persistent (non-recovered) amusia was associated with an extensive pattern of lesions and GMV/WMV decrease in right temporal, frontal, parietal, striatal, and limbic areas. In contrast, less severe and transient (recovered) amusia was linked to lesions specifically in left inferior frontal gyrus as well as to a GMV decrease in right parietal areas. Separate continuous analyses of MBEA Scale and Rhythm scores showed extensively overlapping lesion pattern in right temporal, frontal, and subcortical structures as well as in the right insula. Interestingly, the recovered pitch amusia was related to smaller GMV decreases in the temporoparietal junction whereas the recovered rhythm amusia was associated to smaller GMV decreases in the inferior temporal pole. Overall, the results provide a more comprehensive picture of the lesions and longitudinal structural changes associated with different recovery trajectories of acquired amusia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksi J Sihvonen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of TurkuTurku, Finland.,Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland
| | - Pablo Ripollés
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelona, Spain.,Department of Cognition, Development and Education Psychology, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain.,Poeppel Lab, Department of Psychology, New York UniversityNew York, NY, United States
| | - Antoni Rodríguez-Fornells
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelona, Spain.,Department of Cognition, Development and Education Psychology, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)Barcelona, Spain
| | - Seppo Soinila
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital and Department of Neurology, University of TurkuTurku, Finland
| | - Teppo Särkämö
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland
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180
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Neural Basis of Acquired Amusia and Its Recovery after Stroke. J Neurosci 2017; 36:8872-81. [PMID: 27559169 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0709-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Although acquired amusia is a relatively common disorder after stroke, its precise neuroanatomical basis is still unknown. To evaluate which brain regions form the neural substrate for acquired amusia and its recovery, we performed a voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) and morphometry (VBM) study with 77 human stroke subjects. Structural MRIs were acquired at acute and 6 month poststroke stages. Amusia and aphasia were behaviorally assessed at acute and 3 month poststroke stages using the Scale and Rhythm subtests of the Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia (MBEA) and language tests. VLSM analyses indicated that amusia was associated with a lesion area comprising the superior temporal gyrus, Heschl's gyrus, insula, and striatum in the right hemisphere, clearly different from the lesion pattern associated with aphasia. Parametric analyses of MBEA Pitch and Rhythm scores showed extensive lesion overlap in the right striatum, as well as in the right Heschl's gyrus and superior temporal gyrus. Lesions associated with Rhythm scores extended more superiorly and posterolaterally. VBM analysis of volume changes from the acute to the 6 month stage showed a clear decrease in gray matter volume in the right superior and middle temporal gyri in nonrecovered amusic patients compared with nonamusic patients. This increased atrophy was more evident in anterior temporal areas in rhythm amusia and in posterior temporal and temporoparietal areas in pitch amusia. Overall, the results implicate right temporal and subcortical regions as the crucial neural substrate for acquired amusia and highlight the importance of different temporal lobe regions for the recovery of amusia after stroke. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Lesion studies are essential in uncovering the brain regions causally linked to a given behavior or skill. For music perception ability, previous lesion studies of amusia have been methodologically limited in both spatial accuracy and time domain as well as by small sample sizes, providing coarse and equivocal information about which brain areas underlie amusia. By using longitudinal MRI and behavioral data from a large sample of stroke patients coupled with modern voxel-based analyses methods, we were able provide the first systematic evidence for the causal role of right temporal and striatal areas in music perception. Clinically, these results have important implications for the diagnosis and prognosis of amusia after stroke and for rehabilitation planning.
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181
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Moreno-Gómez FN, Véliz G, Rojas M, Martínez C, Olmedo R, Panussis F, Dagnino-Subiabre A, Delgado C, Delano PH. Music Training and Education Slow the Deterioration of Music Perception Produced by Presbycusis in the Elderly. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:149. [PMID: 28579956 PMCID: PMC5437118 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The perception of music depends on the normal function of the peripheral and central auditory system. Aged subjects without hearing loss have altered music perception, including pitch and temporal features. Presbycusis or age-related hearing loss is a frequent condition in elderly people, produced by neurodegenerative processes that affect the cochlear receptor cells and brain circuits involved in auditory perception. Clinically, presbycusis patients have bilateral high-frequency hearing loss and deteriorated speech intelligibility. Music impairments in presbycusis subjects can be attributed to the normal aging processes and to presbycusis neuropathological changes. However, whether presbycusis further impairs music perception remains controversial. Here, we developed a computerized version of the Montreal battery of evaluation of amusia (MBEA) and assessed music perception in 175 Chilean adults aged between 18 and 90 years without hearing complaints and in symptomatic presbycusis patients. We give normative data for MBEA performance in a Latin-American population, showing age and educational effects. In addition, we found that symptomatic presbycusis was the most relevant factor determining global MBEA accuracy in aged subjects. Moreover, we show that melodic impairments in presbycusis individuals were diminished by music training, while the performance in temporal tasks were affected by the educational level and music training. We conclude that music training and education are important factors as they can slow the deterioration of music perception produced by age-related hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe N. Moreno-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Audición, Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
- Auditory and Cognition Center, AUCOSantiago, Chile
- Departamento de Biología y Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica del MauleTalca, Chile
| | - Guillermo Véliz
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Audición, Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Marcos Rojas
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Audición, Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Cristián Martínez
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Rubén Olmedo
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Panussis
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Alexies Dagnino-Subiabre
- Auditory and Cognition Center, AUCOSantiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Stress, Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral (CNPC), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ValparaísoValparaíso, Chile
| | - Carolina Delgado
- Auditory and Cognition Center, AUCOSantiago, Chile
- Departamento Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Paul H. Delano
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Audición, Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
- Auditory and Cognition Center, AUCOSantiago, Chile
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
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182
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Livengood SL, Sheppard JP, Kim BW, Malthouse EC, Bourne JE, Barlow AE, Lee MJ, Marin V, O'Connor KP, Csernansky JG, Block MP, Blood AJ, Breiter HC. Keypress-Based Musical Preference Is Both Individual and Lawful. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:136. [PMID: 28512395 PMCID: PMC5412065 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Musical preference is highly individualized and is an area of active study to develop methods for its quantification. Recently, preference-based behavior, associated with activity in brain reward circuitry, has been shown to follow lawful, quantifiable patterns, despite broad variation across individuals. These patterns, observed using a keypress paradigm with visual stimuli, form the basis for relative preference theory (RPT). Here, we sought to determine if such patterns extend to non-visual domains (i.e., audition) and dynamic stimuli, potentially providing a method to supplement psychometric, physiological, and neuroimaging approaches to preference quantification. For this study, we adapted our keypress paradigm to two sets of stimuli consisting of seventeenth to twenty-first century western art music (Classical) and twentieth to twenty-first century jazz and popular music (Popular). We studied a pilot sample and then a separate primary experimental sample with this paradigm, and used iterative mathematical modeling to determine if RPT relationships were observed with high R2 fits. We further assessed the extent of heterogeneity in the rank ordering of keypress-based responses across subjects. As expected, individual rank orderings of preferences were quite heterogeneous, yet we observed mathematical patterns fitting these data similar to those observed previously with visual stimuli. These patterns in music preference were recurrent across two cohorts and two stimulus sets, and scaled between individual and group data, adhering to the requirements for lawfulness. Our findings suggest a general neuroscience framework that predicts human approach/avoidance behavior, while also allowing for individual differences and the broad diversity of human choices; the resulting framework may offer novel approaches to advancing music neuroscience, or its applications to medicine and recommendation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherri L Livengood
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA.,Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA
| | - John P Sheppard
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA.,Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA.,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Byoung W Kim
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA.,Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA.,Northwestern University and Massachusetts General Hospital Phenotype Genotype Project in Addiction and Mood DisordersBoston, MA, USA
| | - Edward C Malthouse
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA.,Medill Integrated Marketing Communications, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA
| | - Janet E Bourne
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA.,Music Department, Bates CollegeLewiston, ME, USA
| | - Anne E Barlow
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA.,KV 265, The Communication of Science through ArtWillow Springs, IL, USA
| | - Myung J Lee
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA.,Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA.,Northwestern University and Massachusetts General Hospital Phenotype Genotype Project in Addiction and Mood DisordersBoston, MA, USA
| | - Veronica Marin
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
| | - Kailyn P O'Connor
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
| | - John G Csernansky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
| | - Martin P Block
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA.,Medill Integrated Marketing Communications, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA
| | - Anne J Blood
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA.,Northwestern University and Massachusetts General Hospital Phenotype Genotype Project in Addiction and Mood DisordersBoston, MA, USA.,Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA.,Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA
| | - Hans C Breiter
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA.,Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA.,Northwestern University and Massachusetts General Hospital Phenotype Genotype Project in Addiction and Mood DisordersBoston, MA, USA.,Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA.,Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA
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183
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Shanmuganandan AP, Siddiqui MRS, Farkas N, Sran K, Thomas R, Mohamed S, Swift RI, Abulafi AM. Does music reduce anxiety and discomfort during flexible sigmoidoscopy? A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2017; 9:228-237. [PMID: 28572877 PMCID: PMC5437389 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v9.i5.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the role of music in reducing anxiety and discomfort during flexible sigmoidoscopy.
METHODS A systematic review of all comparative studies up to November 2016, without language restriction that were identified from MEDLINE and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (1960-2016), and EMBASE (1991-2016). Further searches were performed using the bibliographies of articles and abstracts from major conferences such as the ESCP, NCRI, ASGBI and ASCRS. MeSH and text word terms used included “sigmoidoscopy”, “music” and “endoscopy” and “anxiety”. All comparative studies reporting on the effect of music on anxiety or pain during flexible sigmoidoscopy, in adults, were included. Outcome data was extracted by 2 authors independently using outcome measures defined a priori. Quality assessment was performed.
RESULTS A total of 4 articles published between 1994 and 2010, fulfilled the selection criteria. Data were extracted and analysed using OpenMetaAnalyst. Patients who listened to music during their flexible sigmoidoscopy had less anxiety compared to control groups [Random effects; SMD: 0.851 (0.467, 1.235), S.E = 0.196, P < 0.001]. There was no statistically significant heterogeneity (Q = 0.085, df = 1, P = 0.77, I2 = 0). Patients who listened to music during their flexible sigmoidoscopy had less pain compared to those who did not, but this difference did not reach statistical significance [Random effects; SMD: 0.345 (-0.014, 0.705), S.E = 0.183, P = 0.06]. Patients who listened to music during their flexible sigmoidoscopy felt it was a useful intervention, compared to those who did not (P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant heterogeneity (P = 0.528, I2 = 0).
CONCLUSION Music appeared to benefit patients undergoing flexible sigmoidoscopies in relation to anxiety and was deemed a helpful intervention. Pain may also be reduced however further investigation is required to ascertain this.
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184
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Särkämö T. Cognitive, emotional, and neural benefits of musical leisure activities in aging and neurological rehabilitation: A critical review. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2017; 61:414-418. [PMID: 28461128 DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Music has the capacity to engage auditory, cognitive, motor, and emotional functions across cortical and subcortical brain regions and is relatively preserved in aging and dementia. Thus, music is a promising tool in the rehabilitation of aging-related neurological illnesses, such as stroke and Alzheimer disease. As the population ages and the incidence and prevalence of these illnesses rapidly increases, music-based interventions that are enjoyable and effective in the everyday care of the patients are needed. In addition to formal music therapy, musical leisure activities, such as music listening and singing, which patients can do on their own or with a caregiver, are a promising way to support psychological well-being during aging and in neurological rehabilitation. This review article provides an overview of current evidence on the cognitive, emotional, and neural effects of musical leisure activities both during normal aging and in the rehabilitation and care of stroke patients and people with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppo Särkämö
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Siltavuorenpenger 1B, PO Box 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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185
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Cartocci G, Maglione AG, Modica E, Rossi D, Canettieri P, Combi M, Rea R, Gatti L, Perrotta CS, Babiloni F, Verdirosa R, Bernaudo R, Lerose E, Babiloni F. The “NeuroDante Project”: Neurometric Measurements of Participant’s Reaction to Literary Auditory Stimuli from Dante’s “Divina Commedia”. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57753-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
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186
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Benner J, Wengenroth M, Reinhardt J, Stippich C, Schneider P, Blatow M. Prevalence and function of Heschl's gyrus morphotypes in musicians. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:3587-3603. [PMID: 28397108 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1419-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Morphological variations of the first transverse Heschl's gyrus (HG) in the human auditory cortex (AC) are common, yet little is known about their functional implication. We investigated individual morphology and function of HG variations in the AC of 41 musicians, using structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as well as magnetoencephalography (MEG). Four main morphotypes of HG were (i) single HG, (ii) common stem duplication (CSD), (iii) complete posterior duplication (CPD), and (iv) multiple duplications (MD). The vast majority of musicians (90%) exhibited HG multiplications (type ii-iv) in either one (39%) or both (51%) hemispheres. In 27% of musicians, MD with up to four gyri were found. To probe the functional contribution of HG multiplications to auditory processing we performed fMRI and MEG with auditory stimulation using analogous instrumental tone paradigms. Both methods pointed to the recruitment of all parts of HG during auditory stimulation, including multiplications if present. FMRI activations extended with the degree of HG gyrification. MEG source waveform patterns were distinct for the different types of HG: (i) hemispheres with single HG and (ii) CSD exhibited dominant N1 responses, whereas hemispheres with (iii) CPD and (iv) MD exhibited dominant P1 responses. N1 dipole amplitudes correlated with the localization of the first complete Heschl's sulcus (cHS), designating the most posterior anatomical border of HG. P2 amplitudes were significantly higher in professional as compared to amateur musicians. The results suggest that HG multiplications occur much more frequently in musicians than in the general population and constitute a functional unit with HG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Benner
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Basel Hospital, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Neuroradiology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, INF 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Wengenroth
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, INF 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julia Reinhardt
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Basel Hospital, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Stippich
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Basel Hospital, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Schneider
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, INF 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Section of Biomagnetism, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, INF 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Blatow
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Basel Hospital, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
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187
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Brodal HP, Osnes B, Specht K. Listening to Rhythmic Music Reduces Connectivity within the Basal Ganglia and the Reward System. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:153. [PMID: 28400717 PMCID: PMC5368249 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Music can trigger emotional responses in a more direct way than any other stimulus. In particular, music-evoked pleasure involves brain networks that are part of the reward system. Furthermore, rhythmic music stimulates the basal ganglia and may trigger involuntary movements to the beat. In the present study, we created a continuously playing rhythmic, dance floor-like composition where the ambient noise from the MR scanner was incorporated as an additional instrument of rhythm. By treating this continuous stimulation paradigm as a variant of resting-state, the data was analyzed with stochastic dynamic causal modeling (sDCM), which was used for exploring functional dependencies and interactions between core areas of auditory perception, rhythm processing, and reward processing. The sDCM model was a fully connected model with the following areas: auditory cortex, putamen/pallidum, and ventral striatum/nucleus accumbens of both hemispheres. The resulting estimated parameters were compared to ordinary resting-state data, without an additional continuous stimulation. Besides reduced connectivity within the basal ganglia, the results indicated a reduced functional connectivity of the reward system, namely the right ventral striatum/nucleus accumbens from and to the basal ganglia and auditory network while listening to rhythmic music. In addition, the right ventral striatum/nucleus accumbens demonstrated also a change in its hemodynamic parameter, reflecting an increased level of activation. These converging results may indicate that the dopaminergic reward system reduces its functional connectivity and relinquishing its constraints on other areas when we listen to rhythmic music.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans P Brodal
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen Bergen, Norway
| | - Berge Osnes
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of BergenBergen, Norway; Bjørgvin District Psychiatric Centre, Haukeland University HospitalBergen, Norway
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of BergenBergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Engineering, Haukeland University HospitalBergen, Norway
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188
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Watanabe K, Ooishi Y, Kashino M. Heart rate responses induced by acoustic tempo and its interaction with basal heart rate. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43856. [PMID: 28266647 PMCID: PMC5339732 DOI: 10.1038/srep43856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have revealed the influences of music on the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Since previous studies focused on the effects of acoustic tempo on the ANS, and humans have their own physiological oscillations such as the heart rate (HR), the effects of acoustic tempo might depend on the HR. Here we show the relationship between HR elevation induced by acoustic tempo and individual basal HR. Since high tempo-induced HR elevation requires fast respiration, which is based on sympatho-respiratory coupling, we controlled the participants’ respiration at a faster rate (20 CPM) than usual (15 CPM). We found that sound stimuli with a faster tempo than the individual basal HR increased the HR. However, the HR increased following a gradual increase in the acoustic tempo only when the extent of the gradual increase in tempo was within a specific range (around + 2%/min). The HR did not follow the increase in acoustic tempo when the rate of the increase in the acoustic tempo exceeded 3% per minute. These results suggest that the effect of the sympatho-respiratory coupling underlying the HR elevation caused by a high acoustic tempo depends on the basal HR, and the strength and the temporal dynamics of the tempo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Watanabe
- Department of Information Processing, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yuuki Ooishi
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1, Morinosato Wakamiya Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Makio Kashino
- Department of Information Processing, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan.,NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1, Morinosato Wakamiya Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency (CREST, JST), Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
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189
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The neuroscience of intelligence: Empirical support for the theory of multiple intelligences? Trends Neurosci Educ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tine.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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190
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Gasenzer ER, Leischik R. [Music, pulse, heart and sport]. Herz 2017; 43:43-52. [PMID: 28116463 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-016-4520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Music, with its various elements, such as rhythm, sound and melody had the unique ability even in prehistoric, ancient and medieval times to have a special fascination for humans. Nowadays, it is impossible to eliminate music from our daily lives. We are accompanied by music in shopping arcades, on the radio, during sport or leisure time activities and in wellness therapy. Ritualized drumming was used in the medical sense to drive away evil spirits or to undergo holy enlightenment. Today we experience the varied effects of music on all sensory organs and we utilize its impact on cardiovascular and neurological rehabilitation, during invasive cardiovascular procedures or during physical activities, such as training or work. The results of recent studies showed positive effects of music on heart rate and in therapeutic treatment (e. g. music therapy). This article pursues the impact of music on the body and the heart and takes sports medical aspects from the past and the present into consideration; however, not all forms of music and not all types of musical activity are equally suitable and are dependent on the type of intervention, the sports activity or form of movement and also on the underlying disease. This article discusses the influence of music on the body, pulse, on the heart and soul in the past and the present day.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Gasenzer
- Fakultät für Medizin, Universität Witten/Herdecke, 58448, Witten, Deutschland. .,Lehrstuhl für Chirurgische Forschung, Institut für Forschung in der Operativen Medizin, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, 51109, Köln, Deutschland.
| | - R Leischik
- Fakultät für Medizin, Universität Witten/Herdecke, 58448, Witten, Deutschland. .,Senior Lecturer Prevention, Health Promotion and Sports Medicine, Lehrauftrag für Prävention, Sportmedizin, Gesundheitsförderung, Universität Witten-Herdecke, Elberfelder Str.1, 58095, Hagen, Deutschland.
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191
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Golden HL, Clark CN, Nicholas JM, Cohen MH, Slattery CF, Paterson RW, Foulkes AJM, Schott JM, Mummery CJ, Crutch SJ, Warren JD. Music Perception in Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 55:933-949. [PMID: 27802226 PMCID: PMC5260961 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite much recent interest in music and dementia, music perception has not been widely studied across dementia syndromes using an information processing approach. Here we addressed this issue in a cohort of 30 patients representing major dementia syndromes of typical Alzheimer's disease (AD, n = 16), logopenic aphasia (LPA, an Alzheimer variant syndrome; n = 5), and progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA; n = 9) in relation to 19 healthy age-matched individuals. We designed a novel neuropsychological battery to assess perception of musical patterns in the dimensions of pitch and temporal information (requiring detection of notes that deviated from the established pattern based on local or global sequence features) and musical scene analysis (requiring detection of a familiar tune within polyphonic harmony). Performance on these tests was referenced to generic auditory (timbral) deviance detection and recognition of familiar tunes and adjusted for general auditory working memory performance. Relative to healthy controls, patients with AD and LPA had group-level deficits of global pitch (melody contour) processing while patients with PNFA as a group had deficits of local (interval) as well as global pitch processing. There was substantial individual variation within syndromic groups. Taking working memory performance into account, no specific deficits of musical temporal processing, timbre processing, musical scene analysis, or tune recognition were identified. The findings suggest that particular aspects of music perception such as pitch pattern analysis may open a window on the processing of information streams in major dementia syndromes. The potential selectivity of musical deficits for particular dementia syndromes and particular dimensions of processing warrants further systematic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Golden
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Camilla N Clark
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer M Nicholas
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam H Cohen
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine F Slattery
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ross W Paterson
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J M Foulkes
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan M Schott
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine J Mummery
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian J Crutch
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jason D Warren
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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192
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Maes PJ, Buhmann J, Leman M. 3Mo: A Model for Music-Based Biofeedback. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:548. [PMID: 27994535 PMCID: PMC5133250 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the domain of sports and motor rehabilitation, it is of major importance to regulate and control physiological processes and physical motion in most optimal ways. For that purpose, real-time auditory feedback of physiological and physical information based on sound signals, often termed “sonification,” has been proven particularly useful. However, the use of music in biofeedback systems has been much less explored. In the current article, we assert that the use of music, and musical principles, can have a major added value, on top of mere sound signals, to the benefit of psychological and physical optimization of sports and motor rehabilitation tasks. In this article, we present the 3Mo model to describe three main functions of music that contribute to these benefits. These functions relate the power of music to Motivate, and to Monitor and Modify physiological and physical processes. The model brings together concepts and theories related to human sensorimotor interaction with music, and specifies the underlying psychological and physiological principles. This 3Mo model is intended to provide a conceptual framework that guides future research on musical biofeedback systems in the domain of sports and motor rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter-Jan Maes
- Department of Art, Music and Theatre Sciences, Institute for Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeska Buhmann
- Department of Art, Music and Theatre Sciences, Institute for Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marc Leman
- Department of Art, Music and Theatre Sciences, Institute for Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium
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193
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Psychologische und psychoanalytische Grundlagen in Schrekers Musikdrama „Die Gezeichneten“. Wien Med Wochenschr 2016; 166:466-478. [DOI: 10.1007/s10354-016-0459-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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194
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Abstract
Although music is ubiquitous in human societies, there are some people for whom music holds no reward value despite normal perceptual ability and preserved reward-related responses in other domains. The study of these individuals with specific musical anhedonia may be crucial to understand better the neural correlates underlying musical reward. Previous neuroimaging studies have shown that musically induced pleasure may arise from the interaction between auditory cortical networks and mesolimbic reward networks. If such interaction is critical for music-induced pleasure to emerge, then those individuals who do not experience it should show alterations in the cortical-mesolimbic response. In the current study, we addressed this question using fMRI in three groups of 15 participants, each with different sensitivity to music reward. We demonstrate that the music anhedonic participants showed selective reduction of activity for music in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), but normal activation levels for a monetary gambling task. Furthermore, this group also exhibited decreased functional connectivity between the right auditory cortex and ventral striatum (including the NAcc). In contrast, individuals with greater than average response to music showed enhanced connectivity between these structures. Thus, our results suggest that specific musical anhedonia may be associated with a reduction in the interplay between the auditory cortex and the subcortical reward network, indicating a pivotal role of this interaction for the enjoyment of music.
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195
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Wesolowski BC, Hofmann A. There's More to Groove than Bass in Electronic Dance Music: Why Some People Won't Dance to Techno. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163938. [PMID: 27798645 PMCID: PMC5087899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between audio descriptors for groove-based electronic dance music (EDM) and raters' perceived cognitive, affective, and psychomotor responses. From 198 musical excerpts (length: 15 sec.) representing 11 subgenres of EDM, 19 low-level audio feature descriptors were extracted. A principal component analysis of the feature vectors indicated that the musical excerpts could effectively be classified using five complex measures, describing the rhythmical properties of: (a) the high-frequency band, (b) the mid-frequency band, and (c) the low-frequency band, as well as overall fluctuations in (d) dynamics, and (e) timbres. Using these five complex audio measures, four meaningful clusters of the EDM excerpts emerged with distinct musical attributes comprising music with: (a) isochronous bass and static timbres, (b) isochronous bass with fluctuating dynamics and rhythmical variations in the mid-frequency range, (c) non-isochronous bass and fluctuating timbres, and (d) non-isochronous bass with rhythmical variations in the high frequencies. Raters (N = 99) were each asked to respond to four musical excerpts using a four point Likert-Type scale consisting of items representing cognitive (n = 9), affective (n = 9), and psychomotor (n = 3) domains. Musical excerpts falling under the cluster of "non-isochronous bass with rhythmical variations in the high frequencies" demonstrated the overall highest composite scores as evaluated by the raters. Musical samples falling under the cluster of "isochronous bass with static timbres" demonstrated the overall lowest composite scores as evaluated by the raters. Moreover, music preference was shown to significantly affect the systematic patterning of raters' responses for those with a musical preference for "contemporary" music, "sophisticated" music, and "intense" music.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C. Wesolowski
- Hugh Hodgson School of Music, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Alex Hofmann
- Austrian Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence (OFAI), Freyung 6/6, A-1010, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Music Acoustics, The University of Performing Arts, Anton-von-Webern-Platz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
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196
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Schriewer K, Bulaj G. Music Streaming Services as Adjunct Therapies for Depression, Anxiety, and Bipolar Symptoms: Convergence of Digital Technologies, Mobile Apps, Emotions, and Global Mental Health. Front Public Health 2016; 4:217. [PMID: 27747209 PMCID: PMC5043262 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Grzegorz Bulaj
- Skaggs Pharmacy Institute, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT , USA
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197
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Cui AX, Diercks C, Troje NF, Cuddy LL. Short and long term representation of an unfamiliar tone distribution. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2399. [PMID: 27635355 PMCID: PMC5012311 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a study conducted to extend our knowledge about the process of gaining a mental representation of music. Several studies, inspired by research on the statistical learning of language, have investigated statistical learning of sequential rules underlying tone sequences. Given that the mental representation of music correlates with distributional properties of music, we tested whether participants are able to abstract distributional information contained in tone sequences to form a mental representation. For this purpose, we created an unfamiliar music genre defined by an underlying tone distribution, to which 40 participants were exposed. Our stimuli allowed us to differentiate between sensitivity to the distributional properties contained in test stimuli and long term representation of the distributional properties of the music genre overall. Using a probe tone paradigm and a two-alternative forced choice discrimination task, we show that listeners are able to abstract distributional properties of music through mere exposure into a long term representation of music. This lends support to the idea that statistical learning is involved in the process of gaining musical knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja X Cui
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University , Kingston , Ontario , Canada
| | - Charlette Diercks
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Fachbereich Humanwissenschaften, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Nikolaus F Troje
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University , Kingston , Ontario , Canada
| | - Lola L Cuddy
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University , Kingston , Ontario , Canada
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198
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Abstract
Direct stimulation of the auditory nerve via a Cochlear Implant (CI) enables profoundly hearing-impaired people to perceive sounds. Many CI users find language comprehension satisfactory, but music perception is generally considered difficult. However, music contains different dimensions which might be accessible in different ways. We aimed to highlight three main dimensions of music processing in CI users which rely on different processing mechanisms: (1) musical discrimination abilities, (2) access to meaning in music, and (3) subjective music appreciation. All three dimensions were investigated in two CI user groups (post- and prelingually deafened CI users, all implanted as adults) and a matched normal hearing control group. The meaning of music was studied by using event-related potentials (with the N400 component as marker) during a music-word priming task while music appreciation was gathered by a questionnaire. The results reveal a double dissociation between the three dimensions of music processing. Despite impaired discrimination abilities of both CI user groups compared to the control group, appreciation was reduced only in postlingual CI users. While musical meaning processing was restorable in postlingual CI users, as shown by a N400 effect, data of prelingual CI users lack the N400 effect and indicate previous dysfunctional concept building.
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199
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Shanahan J, Bhriain ON, Morris ME, Volpe D, Clifford AM. Irish set dancing classes for people with Parkinson's disease: The needs of participants and dance teachers. Complement Ther Med 2016; 27:12-7. [PMID: 27515870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As the number of people diagnosed with Parkinson's disease increases, there is a need to develop initiatives that promote health and wellbeing and support self-management. Additionally, as exercise may slow physical decline, there is a need to develop methods that facilitate greater engagement with community-based exercise. The aim of this study is to examine the needs of (1) people with Parkinson's disease and (2) set dancing teachers to enable the development of participant-centred community set dance classes. METHODS A mixed methods study design was used. Two consensus group discussions using nominal group technique were held to (1) identify factors pertaining to the needs of people with Parkinson's disease from a set dance class and (2) the educational needs of set dancing teachers to enable them to teach set dancing to people with Parkinson's disease. Group discussions began with silent generation of ideas. A round-robin discussion and grouping of ideas into broader topic areas followed. Finally, participants ranked, by order of priority (1-5), the topic areas developed. Final data analysis involved summation of participants' ranking scores for each topic area. RESULTS Rich information on the needs of people with Parkinson's disease from a dance class and the educational guidance sought by set dancing teachers was gathered. Topic areas developed include "teaching method" for set dances and "class environment". CONCLUSION Accessing community exercise programmes is important for this population. The results of this study will inform the development of an educational resource on Parkinson's disease for set dancing teachers. This resource may facilitate a larger number of teachers to establish sustainable community set dancing classes for people with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Shanahan
- Department of Clinical Therapies, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Co. Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Orfhlaith Ní Bhriain
- Irish World Academy of Music and Dance, Department of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Limerick, Co. Limerick, Ireland
| | - Meg E Morris
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia
| | - Daniele Volpe
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Casa di Cura Villa Margherita, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Amanda M Clifford
- Department of Clinical Therapies, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Co. Limerick, Ireland
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200
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Tranchant P, Vuvan DT, Peretz I. Keeping the Beat: A Large Sample Study of Bouncing and Clapping to Music. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160178. [PMID: 27471854 PMCID: PMC4966945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of humans move in time with a musical beat. This behaviour has been mostly studied through finger-tapping synchronization. Here, we evaluate naturalistic synchronization responses to music-bouncing and clapping-in 100 university students. Their ability to match the period of their bounces and claps to those of a metronome and musical clips varying in beat saliency was assessed. In general, clapping was better synchronized with the beat than bouncing, suggesting that the choice of a specific movement type is an important factor to consider in the study of sensorimotor synchronization processes. Performance improved as a function of beat saliency, indicating that beat abstraction plays a significant role in synchronization. Fourteen percent of the population exhibited marked difficulties with matching the beat. Yet, at a group level, poor synchronizers showed similar sensitivity to movement type and beat saliency as normal synchronizers. These results suggest the presence of quantitative rather than qualitative variations when losing the beat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Tranchant
- Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Dominique T. Vuvan
- Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Peretz
- Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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