151
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Lee MO, Jeon H, Son MY, Lee SC, Cho YS. Clump-passaging-based efficient 3D culture of human pluripotent stem cells under chemically defined conditions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:723-730. [PMID: 28859981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale production of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in an efficient and safe manner is crucial to the successful application of hPSCs in biomedical research and regenerative medicine. Three-dimensional culture methods for hPSCs have been extensively studied using single-cell passaging approaches; however, these techniques have been challenged by the induction of massive cell death and accumulation of genomic abnormalities. In this work, we developed and optimized a novel, simple clump-passaging method for in vitro hPSCs 3-dimensional (3D) culture that can be exploited for large-scale production. Fully grown hPSC spheroids were dissociated into smaller-sized spheroid clumps by simple treatment with enzyme-free dissociation buffer, and clumped hPSCs were inoculated and maintained for 3D suspension culture. Our clump-passaging method effectively increased the hPSCs survival rate after subculture and supported scalable hPSCs 3D expansion. We also tested and selected chemically defined media formulations that are suitable for 3D culture and commercially available. Overall, our clump-passaging and expansion method demonstrated high survival and expansion rates for hPSC spheroids compared with conventional methods and may also have the advantage of maintaining genomic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ok Lee
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyejin Jeon
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi-Young Son
- Stem Cell Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioscience, KRIBB School, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Research Center for Metabolic Regulation, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yee Sook Cho
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioscience, KRIBB School, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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152
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Sato-Nishiuchi R, Li S, Ebisu F, Sekiguchi K. Recombinant laminin fragments endowed with collagen-binding activity: A tool for conferring laminin-like cell-adhesive activity to collagen matrices. Matrix Biol 2017; 65:75-90. [PMID: 28801205 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Laminins are major components of basement membranes that sustain a wide variety of stem cells. Among 15 laminin isoforms, laminin-511 and its E8 fragment (LM511E8) have been shown to strongly promote the adhesion and proliferation of human pluripotent stem cells. The aim of this study was to endow the cell-adhesive activity of laminin-511 on collagen matrices, thereby fabricating collagen-based culture scaffolds for stem cells with defined composition. To achieve this goal, we utilized the collagen-binding domain (CBD) of fibronectin to immobilize LM511E8 on collagen matrices. CBD was attached to the N-termini of individual laminin chains (α5E8, β1E8, γ1E8), producing LM511E8s having one, two, or three CBDs. While LM511E8 did not bind to collagen, CBD-attached LM511E8s (CBD-LM511E8s) exhibited significant collagen-binding activity, dependent on the number of attached CBDs. Human iPS cells were cultured on collagen-coated plates preloaded with CBD-LM511E8s. Although iPS cells did not attach or grow on collagen, they robustly proliferated on CBD-LM511E8-loaded collagen matrices, similar to the case with LM511E8-coated plates. Importantly, iPS cells proliferated and yielded round-shaped colonies even on collagen gels preloaded with CBD-LM511E8s. These results demonstrate that CBD-attached laminin E8 fragments are promising tools for fabrication of collagen-based matrices having the cell-adhesive activity of laminins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Sato-Nishiuchi
- Division of Matrixome Research and Application, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shaoliang Li
- Division of Matrixome Research and Application, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumi Ebisu
- Division of Matrixome Research and Application, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Division of Research and Development, Matrixome Inc., Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyotoshi Sekiguchi
- Division of Matrixome Research and Application, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Division of Research and Development, Matrixome Inc., Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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153
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Sart S, Bejoy J, Li Y. Characterization of 3D pluripotent stem cell aggregates and the impact of their properties on bioprocessing. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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154
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Li Y, Li L, Chen ZN, Gao G, Yao R, Sun W. Engineering-derived approaches for iPSC preparation, expansion, differentiation and applications. Biofabrication 2017; 9:032001. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa7e9a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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155
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McKee C, Chaudhry GR. Advances and challenges in stem cell culture. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 159:62-77. [PMID: 28780462 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) hold great promise for cell therapy, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine as well as pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications. They have the capacity to self-renew and the ability to differentiate into specialized cell types depending upon their source of isolation. However, use of SCs for clinical applications requires a high quality and quantity of cells. This necessitates large-scale expansion of SCs followed by efficient and homogeneous differentiation into functional derivatives. Traditional methods for maintenance and expansion of cells rely on two-dimensional (2-D) culturing techniques using plastic culture plates and xenogenic media. These methods provide limited expansion and cells tend to lose clonal and differentiation capacity upon long-term passaging. Recently, new approaches for the expansion of SCs have emphasized three-dimensional (3-D) cell growth to mimic the in vivo environment. This review provides a comprehensive compendium of recent advancements in culturing SCs using 2-D and 3-D techniques involving spheroids, biomaterials, and bioreactors. In addition, potential challenges to achieve billion-fold expansion of cells are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina McKee
- Department of Biological Sciences , Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA; OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - G Rasul Chaudhry
- Department of Biological Sciences , Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA; OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
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156
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Rana D, Ramalingam M. Enhanced proliferation of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells on tough hydrogel substrates. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 76:1057-1065. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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157
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Wu S, Xu R, Duan B, Jiang P. Three-Dimensional Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel-Based Models for In Vitro Human iPSC-Derived NPC Culture and Differentiation. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:3870-3878. [PMID: 28775848 PMCID: PMC5536346 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00721c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells (hiPSC-NPCs) are considered as a promising cell source for transplantation and have been used for organoid fabrication to recapitulate central nervous system (CNS) diseases in vitro. The establishment of three-dimensional (3D) in vitro model with hiPSC-NPCs and control of their differentiation is significantly critical for understanding biological processes and CNS disease and regeneration. Here we implemented 3D methacrylated hyaluronic acid (Me-HA) hydrogels with encapsulation of hiPSC-NPCs as in vitro culture models and further investigated the role of the hydrogel rigidity on the cell behavior of hiPSC-NPCs. We first encapsulated single dispersive hiPSC-NPCs within both soft and stiff Me-HA hydrogel and found that hiPSC-NPCs gradually self-assembled and aggregated to form 3D spheroids. Then, the hiPSC-NPCs were laden into Me-HA hydrogels in the form of spheroids to evaluate their spontaneous differentiation in response to hydrogel rigidity. The soft Me-HA hydrogel-encapsulated hiPSC-NPCs displayed robust neurite outgrowth and showed high levels of spontaneous neural differentiation. We further encapsulated Down Syndrome (DS) patient-specific hiPSC-derived NPCs (DS-NPCs) spheroids within our hydrogels. DS-NPCs remained excellent cell viability in both soft and stiff Me-HA hydrogels. Similarly, soft hydrogels promoted neural differentiation of DS-NPCs by significantly upregulating neural maturation markers. This study demonstrates that soft matrix promotes neural differentiation of hiPSC-NPCs and HA-based hydrogels with hiPSC-NPCs or DS-NPCs are effective 3D models for CNS disease study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Wu
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ranjie Xu
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Bin Duan
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Peng Jiang
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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158
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Cell fiber-based three-dimensional culture system for highly efficient expansion of human induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2850. [PMID: 28588295 PMCID: PMC5460280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells are a potentially powerful cellular resource for application in regenerative medicine. Because such applications require large numbers of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cells, a scalable culture system of human pluripotent stem cell needs to be developed. Several suspension culture systems for human pluripotent stem cell expansion exist; however, it is difficult to control the thickness of cell aggregations in these systems, leading to increased cell death likely caused by limited diffusion of gases and nutrients into the aggregations. Here, we describe a scalable culture system using the cell fiber technology for the expansion of human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. The cells were encapsulated and cultured within the core region of core-shell hydrogel microfibers, resulting in the formation of rod-shaped or fiber-shaped cell aggregations with sustained thickness and high viability. By encapsulating the cells with type I collagen, we demonstrated a long-term culture of the cells by serial passaging at a high expansion rate (14-fold in four days) while retaining its pluripotency. Therefore, our culture system could be used for large-scale expansion of human pluripotent stem cells for use in regenerative medicine.
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159
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Leino M, Astrand C, Hughes-Brittain N, Robb B, McKean R, Chotteau V. Human embryonic stem cell dispersion in electrospun PCL fiber scaffolds by coating with laminin-521 and E-cadherin-Fc. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:1226-1236. [PMID: 28577328 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advances in human pluripotent cell cultivation and differentiation protocols have led to production of stem cell-derived progenitors as a promising cell source for replacement therapy. Three-dimensional (3-D) culture is a better mimic of the natural niche for stem cells and is widely used for disease modeling. Here, we describe a nonaggregate culture system of human embryonic stem cells inside electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) fiber scaffolds combined with defined extracellular proteins naturally occurring in the stem cell niche. PCL fiber scaffolds coated with recombinant human laminin-521 readily supported initial stem cell attachment and growth from a single-cell suspension. The combination of recombinant E-cadherin-Fc and laminin-521 further improved cell dispersion rendering a uniform cell population. Finally, we showed that the cells cultured in E-cadherin-Fc- and laminin-521-coated PCL scaffolds could differentiate into all three germ layers. Importantly, we provided a chemically defined 3-D system in which pluripotent stem cells grown and differentiated avoiding the formation of cell aggregates. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1226-1236, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Leino
- School of Biotechnology, Cell Technology Group (CETEG), KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carolina Astrand
- School of Biotechnology, Cell Technology Group (CETEG), KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nanayaa Hughes-Brittain
- The Electrospinning Company Ltd, R70 Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Brendan Robb
- The Electrospinning Company Ltd, R70 Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Robert McKean
- The Electrospinning Company Ltd, R70 Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Véronique Chotteau
- School of Biotechnology, Cell Technology Group (CETEG), KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,AdBIOPRO, Competence Centre for Advanced Bioproduction by Continuous Bioprocessing, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden
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160
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Rodrigues GMC, Gaj T, Adil MM, Wahba J, Rao AT, Lorbeer FK, Kulkarni RU, Diogo MM, Cabral JMS, Miller EW, Hockemeyer D, Schaffer DV. Defined and Scalable Differentiation of Human Oligodendrocyte Precursors from Pluripotent Stem Cells in a 3D Culture System. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:1770-1783. [PMID: 28552605 PMCID: PMC5470111 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) offer considerable potential for the treatment of demyelinating diseases and injuries of the CNS. However, generating large quantities of high-quality OPCs remains a substantial challenge that impedes their therapeutic application. Here, we show that OPCs can be generated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in a three-dimensional (3D), scalable, and fully defined thermoresponsive biomaterial system. We used CRISPR/Cas9 to create a NKX2.2-EGFP human embryonic stem cell reporter line that enabled fine-tuning of early OPC specification and identification of conditions that markedly increased the number of OLIG2+ and NKX2.2+ cells generated from hPSCs. Transplantation of 50-day-old OPCs into the brains of NOD/SCID mice revealed that progenitors generated in 3D without cell selection or purification subsequently engrafted, migrated, and matured into myelinating oligodendrocytes in vivo. These results demonstrate the potential of harnessing lineage reporter lines to develop 3D platforms for rapid and large-scale production of OPCs. A defined and scalable 3D system accelerates the differentiation of OPCs from hPSCs A NKX2.2-EGFP hESC reporter line enables optimization of OPC differentiation 3D-derived OPCs engraft, migrate, and mature after implantation into NOD/SCID mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo M C Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1762, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Thomas Gaj
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1762, USA
| | - Maroof M Adil
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1462, USA
| | - Joyce Wahba
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1462, USA
| | - Antara T Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1462, USA
| | - Franziska K Lorbeer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - Rishi U Kulkarni
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1462, USA
| | - Maria Margarida Diogo
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Evan W Miller
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1462, USA; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA; The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - Dirk Hockemeyer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - David V Schaffer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1762, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1462, USA; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA; The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA.
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161
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Adil MM, Vazin T, Ananthanarayanan B, Rodrigues GMC, Rao AT, Kulkarni RU, Miller EW, Kumar S, Schaffer DV. Engineered hydrogels increase the post-transplantation survival of encapsulated hESC-derived midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Biomaterials 2017; 136:1-11. [PMID: 28505596 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cell replacement therapies have broad biomedical potential; however, low cell survival and poor functional integration post-transplantation are major hurdles that hamper clinical benefit. For example, following striatal transplantation of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), only 1-5% of the neurons typically survive in preclinical models and in clinical trials. In general, resource-intensive generation and implantation of larger numbers of cells are used to compensate for the low post-transplantation cell-survival. Poor graft survival is often attributed to adverse biochemical, mechanical, and/or immunological stress that cells experience during and after implantation. To address these challenges, we developed a functionalized hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogel for in vitro maturation and central nervous system (CNS) transplantation of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived neural progenitors. Specifically, we functionalized the HA hydrogel with RGD and heparin (hep) via click-chemistry and tailored its stiffness to encourage neuronal maturation, survival, and long-term maintenance of the desired mDA phenotype. Importantly, ∼5 times more hydrogel-encapsulated mDA neurons survived after transplantation in the rat striatum, compared to unencapsulated neurons harvested from commonly used 2D surfaces. This engineered biomaterial may therefore increase the therapeutic potential and reduce the manufacturing burden for successful neuronal implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroof M Adil
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tandis Vazin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Gonçalo M C Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Antara T Rao
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Evan W Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - David V Schaffer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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162
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Lin H, Li Q, Lei Y. Three-dimensional tissues using human pluripotent stem cell spheroids as biofabrication building blocks. Biofabrication 2017; 9:025007. [PMID: 28287080 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa663b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A recently emerged approach for tissue engineering is to biofabricate tissues using cellular spheroids as building blocks. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), can be cultured to generate large numbers of cells and can presumably be differentiated into all the cell types of the human body in vitro, thus are an ideal cell source for biofabrication. We previously developed a hydrogel-based cell culture system that can economically produce large numbers of hPSC spheroids. With hPSCs and this culture system, there are two potential methods to biofabricate a desired tissue. In Method 1, hPSC spheroids are first utilized to biofabricate an hPSC tissue that is subsequently differentiated into the desired tissue. In Method 2, hPSC spheroids are first converted into tissue spheroids in the hydrogel-based culture system and the tissue spheroids are then utilized to biofabricate the desired tissue. In this paper, we systematically measured the fusion rates of hPSC spheroids without and with differentiation toward cortical and midbrain dopaminergic neurons and found spheroids' fusion rates dropped sharply as differentiation progressed. We found Method 1 was appropriate for biofabricating neural tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishuang Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
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163
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Cartilage Tissue Engineering by the 3D Bioprinting of iPS Cells in a Nanocellulose/Alginate Bioink. Sci Rep 2017; 7:658. [PMID: 28386058 PMCID: PMC5428803 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00690-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage lesions can progress into secondary osteoarthritis and cause severe clinical problems in numerous patients. As a prospective treatment of such lesions, human-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were shown to be 3D bioprinted into cartilage mimics using a nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) composite bioink when co-printed with irradiated human chondrocytes. Two bioinks were investigated: NFC with alginate (NFC/A) or hyaluronic acid (NFC/HA). Low proliferation and phenotypic changes away from pluripotency were seen in the case of NFC/HA. However, in the case of the 3D-bioprinted NFC/A (60/40, dry weight % ratio) constructs, pluripotency was initially maintained, and after five weeks, hyaline-like cartilaginous tissue with collagen type II expression and lacking tumorigenic Oct4 expression was observed in 3D -bioprinted NFC/A (60/40, dry weight % relation) constructs. Moreover, a marked increase in cell number within the cartilaginous tissue was detected by 2-photon fluorescence microscopy, indicating the importance of high cell densities in the pursuit of achieving good survival after printing. We conclude that NFC/A bioink is suitable for bioprinting iPSCs to support cartilage production in co-cultures with irradiated chondrocytes.
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164
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Lalwani G, D'agati M, Gopalan A, Patel SC, Talukdar Y, Sitharaman B. Three-dimensional carbon nanotube scaffolds for long-term maintenance and expansion of human mesenchymal stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:1927-1939. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Lalwani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook New York 11794-5281
| | - Michael D'agati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook New York 11794-5281
| | - Anu Gopalan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook New York 11794-5281
| | - Sunny C. Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook New York 11794-5281
| | - Yahfi Talukdar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook New York 11794-5281
| | - Balaji Sitharaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook New York 11794-5281
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165
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Valdez J, Cook CD, Ahrens CC, Wang AJ, Brown A, Kumar M, Stockdale L, Rothenberg D, Renggli K, Gordon E, Lauffenburger D, White F, Griffith L. On-demand dissolution of modular, synthetic extracellular matrix reveals local epithelial-stromal communication networks. Biomaterials 2017; 130:90-103. [PMID: 28371736 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Methods to parse paracrine epithelial-stromal communication networks are a vital need in drug development, as disruption of these networks underlies diseases ranging from cancer to endometriosis. Here, we describe a modular, synthetic, and dissolvable extracellular matrix (MSD-ECM) hydrogel that fosters functional 3D epithelial-stromal co-culture, and that can be dissolved on-demand to recover cells and paracrine signaling proteins intact for subsequent analysis. Specifically, synthetic polymer hydrogels, modified with cell-interacting adhesion motifs and crosslinked with peptides that include a substrate for cell-mediated proteolytic remodeling, can be rapidly dissolved by an engineered version of the microbial transpeptidase Sortase A (SrtA) if the crosslinking peptide includes a SrtA substrate motif and a soluble second substrate. SrtA-mediated dissolution affected only 1 of 31 cytokines and growth factors assayed, whereas standard protease degradation methods destroyed about half of these same molecules. Using co-encapsulated endometrial epithelial and stromal cells as one model system, we show that the dynamic cytokine and growth factor response of co-cultures to an inflammatory cue is richer and more nuanced when measured from SrtA-dissolved gel microenvironments than from the culture supernate. This system employs accessible, reproducible reagents and facile protocols; hence, has potential as a tool in identifying and validating therapeutic targets in complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Valdez
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Christi D Cook
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Caroline Chopko Ahrens
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alex J Wang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alexander Brown
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Manu Kumar
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Linda Stockdale
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daniel Rothenberg
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kasper Renggli
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Elizabeth Gordon
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Douglas Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Forest White
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Linda Griffith
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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166
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Multiscale microenvironmental perturbation of pluripotent stem cell fate and self-organization. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44711. [PMID: 28303935 PMCID: PMC5356187 DOI: 10.1038/srep44711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of microfluidics with engineered three-dimensional (3D) matrices can bring new insights into the fate regulation of stem cells and their self-organization into organoids. Although there has been progress in 3D stem cell culturing, most existing in vitro methodologies do not allow for mimicking of the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of stimuli that drive morphogenetic processes in vivo. To address this, we present a perfusion-free microchip concept for the in vitro 3D perturbation of stem cell fate. Stem cells are encapsulated in a hydrogel compartment that is flanked by open reservoirs for the diffusion-driven generation of biomolecule gradients. Juxtaposing additional compartments bearing supportive cells enables investigating the influence of long range cell-cell communication. We explore the utility of the microchips in manipulating early fate choices and self-organizing characteristics of 3D-cultured mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) under neural differentiation conditions and exposure to gradients of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). mESCs respond to LIF gradients in a spatially dependent manner. At higher LIF concentrations, multicellular colonies maintain pluripotency in contrast, at lower concentrations, mESCs develop into apicobasally polarized epithelial cysts. This versatile system can help to systematically explore the role of multifactorial microenvironments in promoting self-patterning of various stem cell types.
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167
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Zhu P, Zhou Y, Wu F, Hong Y, Wang X, Shekhawat G, Mosenson J, Wu WS. Selective Expansion of Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells from Bulk Muscle Cells in Soft Three-Dimensional Fibrin Gel. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1412-1423. [PMID: 28244269 PMCID: PMC5442710 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) exhibit robust myogenic potential in vivo, thus providing a promising curative treatment for muscle disorders. Ex vivo expansion of adult MuSCs is highly desired to achieve a therapeutic cell dose because of their scarcity in limited muscle biopsies. Sorting of pure MuSCs is generally required for all the current culture systems. Here we developed a soft three‐dimensional (3D) salmon fibrin gel culture system that can selectively expand mouse MuSCs from bulk skeletal muscle preparations without cell sorting and faithfully maintain their regenerative capacity in culture. Our study established a novel platform for convenient ex vivo expansion of MuSCs, thus greatly advancing stem cell‐based therapies for various muscle disorders. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:1412–1423
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yalu Zhou
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Furen Wu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yuanfan Hong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Gajendra Shekhawat
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeffrey Mosenson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wen-Shu Wu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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168
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Liu L, Kamei KI, Yoshioka M, Nakajima M, Li J, Fujimoto N, Terada S, Tokunaga Y, Koyama Y, Sato H, Hasegawa K, Nakatsuji N, Chen Y. Nano-on-micro fibrous extracellular matrices for scalable expansion of human ES/iPS cells. Biomaterials 2017; 124:47-54. [PMID: 28187394 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) hold great potential for industrial and clinical applications. Clinical-grade scaffolds and high-quality hPSCs are required for cell expansion as well as easy handling and manipulation of the products. Current hPSC culture methods do not fulfill these requirements because of a lack of proper extracellular matrices (ECMs) and cell culture wares. We developed a layered nano-on-micro fibrous cellular matrix mimicking ECM, named "fiber-on-fiber (FF)" matrix, which enables easy handling and manipulation of cultured cells. While non-woven sheets of cellulose and polyglycolic acid were used as a microfiber layer facilitating mechanical stability, electrospun gelatin nanofibers were crosslinked on the microfiber layer, generating a mesh structure with connected nanofibers facilitating cell adhesion and growth. Our results showed that the FF matrix supports effective hPSC culture with maintenance of their pluripotency and normal chromosomes over two months, as well as effective scaled-up expansion, with fold increases of 54.1 ± 15.6 and 40.4 ± 8.4 in cell number per week for H1 human embryonic stem cells and 253G1 human induced pluripotent stem cells, respectively. This simple approach to mimick the ECM may have important implications after further optimization to generate lineage-specific products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Kamei
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Momoko Yoshioka
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Minako Nakajima
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Junjun Li
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Nanae Fujimoto
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
| | - Shiho Terada
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yumie Tokunaga
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshie Koyama
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hideki Sato
- QOL Research Center, Gunze Limited, Kyoto, 623-8512 Japan
| | - Kouichi Hasegawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Norio Nakatsuji
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yong Chen
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS-ENS-UPMC UMR 8640, 24 Rue Lhomond, Paris, 75005, France.
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169
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Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell reprogramming and direct reprogramming are promising approaches for disease modeling and personalized medicine. However, these processes are yet to be optimized. Biomaterials are increasingly integrated into cell reprogramming strategies in order to engineer the microenvironment, improve reprogramming efficiency and achieve effective in situ cell reprogramming. Although there are some studies on the role of biomaterials in iPS cell reprogramming, their effect on direct cell conversion has not been fully explored. Here we review the recent advances in the use of biomaterials for iPS cell reprogramming and direct reprogramming, with a focus on the biophysical aspect. We further highlight the future challenges and directions of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Yue Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Jennifer Soto
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley.,Department of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
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170
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Baek S, Han NR, Yun JI, Hwang JY, Kim M, Park CK, Lee E, Lee ST. Effects of Culture Dimensions on Maintenance of Porcine Inner Cell Mass-Derived Cell Self-Renewal. Mol Cells 2017; 40:117-122. [PMID: 28196411 PMCID: PMC5339502 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.2223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that porcine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are a practical study tool, in vitro long-term maintenance of these cells is difficult in a two-dimensional (2D) microenvironment using cellular niche or extracellular matrix proteins. However, a three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment, similar to that enclosing the inner cell mass of the blastocyst, may improve in vitro maintenance of self-renewal. Accordingly, as a first step toward constructing a 3D microenvironment optimized to maintain porcine ESC self-renewal, we investigated different culture dimensions for porcine ICM-derived cells to enhance the maintenance of self-renewal. Porcine ICM-derived cells were cultured in agarose-based 3D hydrogel with self-renewal-friendly mechanics and in 2D culture plates with or without feeder cells. Subsequently, the effects of the 3D microenvironment on maintenance of self-renewal were identified by analyzing colony formation and morphology, alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, and transcriptional and translational regulation of self-renewal-related genes. The 3D microenvironment using a 1.5% (w/v) agarose-based 3D hydrogel resulted in significantly more colonies with stereoscopic morphology, significantly improved AP activity, and increased protein expression of self-renewal-related genes compared to those in the 2D microenvironment. These results demonstrate that self-renewal of porcine ICM-derived cells can be maintained more effectively in a 3D microenvironment than in a 2D microenvironment. These results will help develop novel culture systems for ICM-derived cells derived from diverse species, which will contribute to stimulating basic and applicable studies related to ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Baek
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
| | - Na Rae Han
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
| | - Jung Im Yun
- Division of Animal Resource Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Hwang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven 06510,
USA
| | - Minseok Kim
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Choon Keun Park
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
- Division of Applied Animal Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
| | - Eunsong Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
| | - Seung Tae Lee
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
- Division of Applied Animal Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
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171
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Cui X, Hartanto Y, Zhang H. Advances in multicellular spheroids formation. J R Soc Interface 2017; 14:20160877. [PMID: 28202590 PMCID: PMC5332573 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional multicellular spheroids (MCSs) have a complex architectural structure, dynamic cell-cell/cell-matrix interactions and bio-mimicking in vivo microenvironment. As a fundamental building block for tissue reconstruction, MCSs have emerged as a powerful tool to narrow down the gap between the in vitro and in vivo model. In this review paper, we discussed the structure and biology of MCSs and detailed fabricating methods. Among these methods, the approach in microfluidics with hydrogel support for MCS formation is promising because it allows essential cell-cell/cell-matrix interactions in a confined space.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Cui
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Y Hartanto
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - H Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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172
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173
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Adil MM, Rodrigues GMC, Kulkarni RU, Rao AT, Chernavsky NE, Miller EW, Schaffer DV. Efficient generation of hPSC-derived midbrain dopaminergic neurons in a fully defined, scalable, 3D biomaterial platform. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40573. [PMID: 28091566 PMCID: PMC5238378 DOI: 10.1038/srep40573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have major potential as an unlimited source of functional cells for many biomedical applications; however, the development of cell manufacturing systems to enable this promise faces many challenges. For example, there have been major recent advances in the generation of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons from stem cells for Parkinson's Disease (PD) therapy; however, production of these cells typically involves undefined components and difficult to scale 2D culture formats. Here, we used a fully defined, 3D, thermoresponsive biomaterial platform to rapidly generate large numbers of action-potential firing mDA neurons after 25 days of differentiation (~40% tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive, maturing into 25% cells exhibiting mDA neuron-like spiking behavior). Importantly, mDA neurons generated in 3D exhibited a 30-fold increase in viability upon implantation into rat striatum compared to neurons generated on 2D, consistent with the elevated expression of survival markers FOXA2 and EN1 in 3D. A defined, scalable, and resource-efficient cell culture platform can thus rapidly generate high quality differentiated cells, both neurons and potentially other cell types, with strong potential to accelerate both basic and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroof M. Adil
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gonçalo M. C. Rodrigues
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Antara T. Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nicole E. Chernavsky
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Evan W. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - David V. Schaffer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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174
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Scaling-Up Techniques for the Nanofabrication of Cell Culture Substrates via Two-Photon Polymerization for Industrial-Scale Expansion of Stem Cells. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10010066. [PMID: 28772424 PMCID: PMC5344595 DOI: 10.3390/ma10010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Stem-cell-based therapies require a high number (106–109) of cells, therefore in vitro expansion is needed because of the initially low amount of stem cells obtainable from human tissues. Standard protocols for stem cell expansion are currently based on chemically-defined culture media and animal-derived feeder-cell layers, which expose cells to additives and to xenogeneic compounds, resulting in potential issues when used in clinics. The two-photon laser polymerization technique enables three-dimensional micro-structures to be fabricated, which we named synthetic nichoids. Here we review our activity on the technological improvements in manufacturing biomimetic synthetic nichoids and, in particular on the optimization of the laser-material interaction to increase the patterned area and the percentage of cell culture surface covered by such synthetic nichoids, from a low initial value of 10% up to 88% with an optimized micromachining time. These results establish two-photon laser polymerization as a promising tool to fabricate substrates for stem cell expansion, without any chemical supplement and in feeder-free conditions for potential therapeutic uses.
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175
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Lin H, Li Q, Lei Y. An Integrated Miniature Bioprocessing for Personalized Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Expansion and Differentiation into Neural Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40191. [PMID: 28057917 PMCID: PMC5216399 DOI: 10.1038/srep40191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are ideal cell sources for personalized cell therapies since they can be expanded to generate large numbers of cells and differentiated into presumably all the cell types of the human body in vitro. In addition, patient specific iPSC-derived cells induce minimal or no immune response in vivo. However, with current cell culture technologies and bioprocessing, the cost for biomanufacturing clinical-grade patient specific iPSCs and their derivatives are very high and not affordable for majority of patients. In this paper, we explored the use of closed and miniature cell culture device for biomanufacturing patient specific neural stem cells (NSCs) from iPSCs. We demonstrated that, with the assist of a thermoreversible hydrogel scaffold, the bioprocessing including iPSC expansion, iPSC differentiation into NSCs, the subsequent depletion of undifferentiated iPSCs from the NSCs, and concentrating and transporting the purified NSCs to the surgery room, could be integrated and completed within two closed 15 ml conical tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishuang Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Yuguo Lei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.,Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.,Fred &Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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176
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Ying H, Yen J, Wang R, Lai Y, Hsu JLA, Hu Y, Cheng J. Degradable and biocompatible hydrogels bearing a hindered urea bond. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:2398-2402. [DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00669a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymers containing hindered urea bonds are novel platforms for designing degradable hydrogels suitable for protein release and stem cell encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanze Ying
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
| | - Jonathan Yen
- Department of Bioengineering
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
| | - Ruibo Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
| | - Yang Lai
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
| | - Jer-Luen-Aaron Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
| | - Yuhang Hu
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
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177
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Huang X, Hu Q, Lai Y, Morales DP, Clegg DO, Reich NO. Light-Patterned RNA Interference of 3D-Cultured Human Embryonic Stem Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:10732-10737. [PMID: 27787919 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new method of spatially controlled gene regulation in 3D-cultured human embryonic stem cells is developed using hollow gold nanoshells (HGNs) and near-infrared (NIR) light. Targeted cell(s) are discriminated from neighboring cell(s) by focusing NIR light emitted from a two-photon microscope. Irradiation of cells that have internalized HGNs releases surface attached siRNAs and leads to concomitant gene downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Qirui Hu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Yifan Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Demosthenes P Morales
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Dennis O Clegg
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Norbert O Reich
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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178
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He X. Microscale Biomaterials with Bioinspired Complexity of Early Embryo Development and in the Ovary for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 3:2692-2701. [PMID: 29367949 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) are attracting more and more attention for treating various diseases in modern medicine. Various biomaterials including hydrogels and scaffolds have been developed to prepare cells (particularly stem cells) and tissues under 3D conditions for TERM applications. Although these biomaterials are usually homogeneous in early studies, effort has been made recently to generate biomaterials with the spatiotemporal complexities present in the native milieu of the specific cells and tissues under investigation. In this communication, the microfluidic and coaxial electrospray approaches that we used for generating microscale biomaterials with the spatial complexity of both pre-hatching embryos and ovary in the female reproductive system were introduced. This is followed by an overview of our recent work on applying the resultant bioinspired biomaterials for cultivation of normal and cancer stem cells, regeneration of cardiac tissue, and culture of ovarian follicles. The cardiac regeneration studies show the importance of using different biomaterials to engineer stem cells at different stages (i.e., in vitro culture versus in vivo implantation) for tissue regeneration. All the studies demonstrate the merit of accounting for bioinspired complexities in engineering cells and tissues for TERM applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.,Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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179
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Wang PY, Thissen H, Kingshott P. Modulation of human multipotent and pluripotent stem cells using surface nanotopographies and surface-immobilised bioactive signals: A review. Acta Biomater 2016; 45:31-59. [PMID: 27596488 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control the interactions of stem cells with synthetic surfaces is proving to be effective and essential for the quality of passaged stem cells and ultimately the success of regenerative medicine. The stem cell niche is crucial for stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Thus, mimicking the stem cell niche, and here in particular the extracellular matrix (ECM), in vitro is an important goal for the expansion of stem cells and their applications. Here, surface nanotopographies and surface-immobilised biosignals have been identified as major factors that control stem cell responses. The development of tailored surfaces having an optimum nanotopography and displaying suitable biosignals is proposed to be essential for future stem cell culture, cell therapy and regenerative medicine applications. While early research in the field has been restricted by the limited availability of micro- and nanofabrication techniques, new approaches involving the use of advanced fabrication and surface immobilisation methods are starting to emerge. In addition, new cell types such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have become available in the last decade, but have not been fully understood. This review summarises significant advances in the area and focuses on the approaches that are aimed at controlling the behavior of human stem cells including maintenance of their self-renewal ability and improvement of their lineage commitment using nanotopographies and biosignals. More specifically, we discuss developments in biointerface science that are an important driving force for new biomedical materials and advances in bioengineering aiming at improving stem cell culture protocols and 3D scaffolds for clinical applications. Cellular responses revolve around the interplay between the surface properties of the cell culture substrate and the biomolecular composition of the cell culture medium. Determination of the precise role played by each factor, as well as the synergistic effects amongst the factors, all of which influence stem cell responses is essential for future developments. This review provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art in the design of complex material surfaces aimed at being the next generation of tools tailored for applications in cell culture and regenerative medicine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This review focuses on the effect of surface nanotopographies and surface-bound biosignals on human stem cells. Recently, stem cell research attracts much attention especially the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and direct lineage reprogramming. The fast advance of stem cell research benefits disease treatment and cell therapy. On the other hand, surface property of cell adhered materials has been demonstrated very important for in vitro cell culture and regenerative medicine. Modulation of cell behavior using surfaces is costeffective and more defined. Thus, we summarise the recent progress of modulation of human stem cells using surface science. We believe that this review will capture a broad audience interested in topographical and chemical patterning aimed at understanding complex cellular responses to biomaterials.
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180
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Double-Network Hydrogel with Tunable Mechanical Performance and Biocompatibility for the Fabrication of Stem Cells-Encapsulated Fibers and 3D Assemble. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33462. [PMID: 27628933 PMCID: PMC5024157 DOI: 10.1038/srep33462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fabrication of cell-encapsulated fibers could greatly contribute to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, existing methods suffered from not only unavoidability of cell damaging conditions and/or sophisticated equipment, but also unavailability of proper materials to satisfy both mechanical and biological expectations. In this work, a simple method is proposed to prepare cell-encapsulated fibers with tunable mechanical strength and stretching behavior as well as diameter and microstructure. The hydrogel fibers are made from optimal combination of alginate and poly(N-iso-propylacrylamide)-poly(ethylene glycol), characteristics of double-network hydrogel, with enough stiffness and flexibility to create a variety of three dimensional structures like parallel helical and different knots without crack. Furthermore, such hydrogel fibers exhibit better compatibility as indicated by the viability, proliferation and expression of pluripotency markers of embryonic stem cells encapsulated after 4-day culture. The double-network hydrogel possesses specific quick responses to either of alginate lyase, EDTA or lower environmental temperature which facilitate the optional degradation of fibers or fibrous assemblies to release the cells encapsulated for subsequent assay or treatment.
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181
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Leong MF, Lu HF, Lim TC, Narayanan K, Gao S, Wang LY, Toh RP, Funke H, Abdul Samad MH, Wan AC, Ying JY. Alginate Microfiber System for Expansion and Direct Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2016; 22:884-94. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2015.0561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Fatt Leong
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Fang Lu
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tze Chiun Lim
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Shujun Gao
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Luna Yue Wang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rebecca P.K. Toh
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Henrik Funke
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Andrew C.A. Wan
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jackie Y. Ying
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore, Singapore
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182
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Scalable Production of Glioblastoma Tumor-initiating Cells in 3 Dimension Thermoreversible Hydrogels. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31915. [PMID: 27549983 PMCID: PMC4994035 DOI: 10.1038/srep31915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in developing drugs that specifically target glioblastoma tumor-initiating cells (TICs). Current cell culture methods, however, cannot cost-effectively produce the large numbers of glioblastoma TICs required for drug discovery and development. In this paper we report a new method that encapsulates patient-derived primary glioblastoma TICs and grows them in 3 dimension thermoreversible hydrogels. Our method allows long-term culture (~50 days, 10 passages tested, accumulative ~>1010-fold expansion) with both high growth rate (~20-fold expansion/7 days) and high volumetric yield (~2.0 × 107 cells/ml) without the loss of stemness. The scalable method can be used to produce sufficient, affordable glioblastoma TICs for drug discovery.
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183
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Microfabric Vessels for Embryoid Body Formation and Rapid Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31063. [PMID: 27507707 PMCID: PMC4978968 DOI: 10.1038/srep31063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Various scalable three-dimensional culture systems for regenerative medicine using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have been developed to date. However, stable production of hiPSCs with homogeneous qualities still remains a challenge. Here, we describe a novel and simple embryoid body (EB) formation system using unique microfabricated culture vessels. Furthermore, this culture system is useful for high throughput EB formation and rapid generation of differentiated cells such as neural stem cells (NSCs) from hiPSCs. The period of NSC differentiation was significantly shortened under high EB density culture conditions. Simultaneous mass production of a pure population of NSCs was possible within 4 days. These results indicate that the novel culture system might not only become a unique tool to obtain new insights into developmental biology based on human stem cells, but also provide an important tractable platform for efficient and stable production of NSCs for clinical applications.
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184
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Deng W, Cao X, Wang Q, Wang Y, Chen J, Yu Q, Zhang Z, Zhou J, Xu W, Du P, Chen J, Gao X, Yu J, Xu X. Prolonged Three-Dimensional Co-Delivery of Yamanaka Factors for Cell Reprogramming. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:19916-19927. [PMID: 27428246 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b05825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Reprogramming somatic cells into a pluripotent state has been widely investigated in two-dimensional (2D) systems but not described in the more biologically faithful three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds. Here, we devise a 3D porous tissue engineering scaffold that could achieve successful and efficient induction of pluripotency. To construct this 3D scaffold, nonviral hybrid nanoparticles were fabricated beforehand by employing calcium phosphate and cationized Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide to codeliver plasmids OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 ,and C-MYC (pOSKM). These hybrid nanoparticles were then loaded into a 3D porous collagen scaffold to obtain the so-called pOSKM-activated 3D scaffold. This 3D scaffold could reprogram human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) into a pluripotent state, generating 3D cell spheres which showed positive expression of pluripotency markers in the 3D scaffolds and tightly packed colonies when transferred to 2D feeder layers. Besides sharing similar morphology, epigenetic modification, and expression of pluripotency genes with the embryonic stem cells, the 3D system-generated colonies could also be expanded on feeder layers for more than 20 passages, indicating the successful establishment of stable induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines. Our findings represent a first employment of porous 3D scaffolds to achieve successful reprogramming via a one-time transfection, offering a safe, simple, and effective alternative strategy for iPSC generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001, P.R. China
| | - Xia Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001, P.R. China
| | - Qingtong Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001, P.R. China
| | - Zhijian Zhang
- Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering and School of Medicine, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001, P.R. China
| | - Wenqian Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001, P.R. China
| | - Pan Du
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001, P.R. China
| | - Xiangdong Gao
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jiangnan Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001, P.R. China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001, P.R. China
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185
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González-Díaz EC, Varghese S. Hydrogels as Extracellular Matrix Analogs. Gels 2016; 2:E20. [PMID: 30674152 PMCID: PMC6318624 DOI: 10.3390/gels2030020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the non-cellular component of tissue that provides physical scaffolding to cells. Emerging studies have shown that beyond structural support, the ECM provides tissue-specific biochemical and biophysical cues that are required for tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. Hydrogel-based platforms have played a key role in advancing our knowledge of the role of ECM in regulating various cellular functions. Synthetic hydrogels allow for tunable biofunctionality, as their material properties can be tailored to mimic those of native tissues. This review discusses current advances in the design of hydrogels with defined physical and chemical properties. We also highlight research findings that demonstrate the impact of matrix properties on directing stem cell fate, such as self-renewal and differentiation. Recent and future efforts towards understanding cell-material interactions will not only advance our basic understanding, but will also help design tissue-specific matrices and delivery systems to transplant stem cells and control their response in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C González-Díaz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Shyni Varghese
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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186
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Hilderbrand AM, Ovadia EM, Rehmann MS, Kharkar PM, Guo C, Kloxin AM. Biomaterials for 4D stem cell culture. CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE 2016; 20:212-224. [PMID: 28717344 PMCID: PMC5510611 DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells reside in complex three-dimensional (3D) environments within the body that change with time, promoting various cellular functions and processes such as migration and differentiation. These complex changes in the surrounding environment dictate cell fate yet, until recently, have been challenging to mimic within cell culture systems. Hydrogel-based biomaterials are well suited to mimic aspects of these in vivo environments, owing to their high water content, soft tissue-like elasticity, and often-tunable biochemical content. Further, hydrogels can be engineered to achieve changes in matrix properties over time to better mimic dynamic native microenvironments for probing and directing stem cell function and fate. This review will focus on techniques to form hydrogel-based biomaterials and modify their properties in time during cell culture using select addition reactions, cleavage reactions, or non-covalent interactions. Recent applications of these techniques for the culture of stem cells in four dimensions (i.e., in three dimensions with changes over time) also will be discussed for studying essential stem cell processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M. Hilderbrand
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Elisa M. Ovadia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Matthew S. Rehmann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Prathamesh M. Kharkar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark DE 19716, USA
| | - Chen Guo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - April M. Kloxin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark DE 19716, USA
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187
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Karimi M, Bahrami S, Mirshekari H, Basri SMM, Nik AB, Aref AR, Akbari M, Hamblin MR. Microfluidic systems for stem cell-based neural tissue engineering. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2551-71. [PMID: 27296463 PMCID: PMC4935609 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00489j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Neural tissue engineering aims at developing novel approaches for the treatment of diseases of the nervous system, by providing a permissive environment for the growth and differentiation of neural cells. Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems provide a closer biomimetic environment, and promote better cell differentiation and improved cell function, than could be achieved by conventional two-dimensional (2D) culture systems. With the recent advances in the discovery and introduction of different types of stem cells for tissue engineering, microfluidic platforms have provided an improved microenvironment for the 3D-culture of stem cells. Microfluidic systems can provide more precise control over the spatiotemporal distribution of chemical and physical cues at the cellular level compared to traditional systems. Various microsystems have been designed and fabricated for the purpose of neural tissue engineering. Enhanced neural migration and differentiation, and monitoring of these processes, as well as understanding the behavior of stem cells and their microenvironment have been obtained through application of different microfluidic-based stem cell culture and tissue engineering techniques. As the technology advances it may be possible to construct a "brain-on-a-chip". In this review, we describe the basics of stem cells and tissue engineering as well as microfluidics-based tissue engineering approaches. We review recent testing of various microfluidic approaches for stem cell-based neural tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Karimi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sajad Bahrami
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. and Nanomedicine Research Association (NRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirshekari
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Masoud Moosavi Basri
- Bioenvironmental Research Center, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. and Civil & Environmental Engineering Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirala Bakhshian Nik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir R Aref
- Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. and Laboratory for Innovations in MicroEngineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. and Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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188
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Hu C, Sun H, Liu Z, Chen Y, Chen Y, Wu H, Ren K. Freestanding 3-D microvascular networks made of alginate hydrogel as a universal tool to create microchannels inside hydrogels. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:044112. [PMID: 27679676 PMCID: PMC5010556 DOI: 10.1063/1.4961969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The diffusion of molecules such as nutrients and oxygen through densely packed cells is impeded by blockage and consumption by cells, resulting in a limited depth of penetration. This has been a major hurdle to a bulk (3-D) culture. Great efforts have been made to develop methods for generating branched microchannels inside hydrogels to support mass exchange inside a bulk culture. These previous attempts faced a common obstacle: researchers tried to fabricate microchannels with gels already loaded with cells, but the fabrication procedures are often harmful to the embedded cells. Herein, we present a universal strategy to create microchannels in different types of hydrogels, which effectively avoids cell damage. This strategy is based on a freestanding alginate 3-D microvascular network prepared by in-situ generation of copper ions from a sacrificial copper template. This alginate network could be used as implants to create microchannels inside different types of hydrogels. This approach effectively addresses the issue of cell damage during microfabrication and made it possible to create microchannels inside different types of gels. The microvascular network produced with this method is (1) strong enough to allow handling, (2) biocompatible to allow cell culturing, and (3) appropriately permeable to allow diffusion of small molecules, while sufficiently dense to prevent blocking of channels when embedded in different types of gels. In addition, composite microtubules could be prepared by simply pre-loading other materials, e.g., particles and large biomolecules, in the hydrogel. Compared with other potential strategies to fabricate freestanding gel channel networks, our method is more rapid, low-cost and scalable due to parallel processing using an industrially mass-producible template. We demonstrated the use of such vascular networks in creating microchannels in different hydrogels and composite gels, as well as with a cell culture in a nutrition gradient based on microfluidic diffusion. In this way, the freestanding hydrogel vascular network we produced is a universal functional unit that can be embedded in different types of hydrogel; users will be able to adopt this strategy to achieve vascular mass exchange in the bulk culture without changing their current protocol. The method is readily implementable to applications in vascular tissue regeneration, drug discovery, 3-D culture, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Hu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Baptist University , Waterloo Rd, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Han Sun
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Baptist University , Waterloo Rd, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhengzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Baptist University , Waterloo Rd, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yin Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yangfan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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189
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Langhans MT, Yu S, Tuan RS. Stem Cells in Skeletal Tissue Engineering: Technologies and Models. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 11:453-474. [PMID: 26423296 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x10666151001115248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys the use of pluripotent and multipotent stem cells in skeletal tissue engineering. Specific emphasis is focused on evaluating the function and activities of these cells in the context of development in vivo, and how technologies and methods of stem cell-based tissue engineering for stem cells must draw inspiration from developmental biology. Information on the embryonic origin and in vivo differentiation of skeletal tissues is first reviewed, to shed light on the persistence and activities of adult stem cells that remain in skeletal tissues after embryogenesis. Next, the development and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells is discussed, and some of their advantages and disadvantages in the context of tissue engineering are presented. The final section highlights current use of multipotent adult mesenchymal stem cells, reviewing their origin, differentiation capacity, and potential applications to tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Room 221, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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190
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Badenes SM, Fernandes TG, Cordeiro CSM, Boucher S, Kuninger D, Vemuri MC, Diogo MM, Cabral JMS. Defined Essential 8™ Medium and Vitronectin Efficiently Support Scalable Xeno-Free Expansion of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Stirred Microcarrier Culture Systems. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151264. [PMID: 26999816 PMCID: PMC4801338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cell culture using Essential 8™ xeno-free medium and the defined xeno-free matrix vitronectin was successfully implemented under adherent conditions. This matrix was able to support hiPS cell expansion either in coated plates or on polystyrene-coated microcarriers, while maintaining hiPS cell functionality and pluripotency. Importantly, scale-up of the microcarrier-based system was accomplished using a 50 mL spinner flask, under dynamic conditions. A three-level factorial design experiment was performed to identify optimal conditions in terms of a) initial cell density b) agitation speed, and c) to maximize cell yield in spinner flask cultures. A maximum cell yield of 3.5 is achieved by inoculating 55,000 cells/cm2 of microcarrier surface area and using 44 rpm, which generates a cell density of 1.4x106 cells/mL after 10 days of culture. After dynamic culture, hiPS cells maintained their typical morphology upon re-plating, exhibited pluripotency-associated marker expression as well as tri-lineage differentiation capability, which was verified by inducing their spontaneous differentiation through embryoid body formation, and subsequent downstream differentiation to specific lineages such as neural and cardiac fates was successfully accomplished. In conclusion, a scalable, robust and cost-effective xeno-free culture system was successfully developed and implemented for the scale-up production of hiPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Badenes
- Department of Bioengineering, and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago G. Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering, and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Cláudia S. M. Cordeiro
- Department of Bioengineering, and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Shayne Boucher
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cell Biology, Life Sciences Solutions, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David Kuninger
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cell Biology, Life Sciences Solutions, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mohan C. Vemuri
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cell Biology, Life Sciences Solutions, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maria Margarida Diogo
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cell Biology, Life Sciences Solutions, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joaquim M. S. Cabral
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cell Biology, Life Sciences Solutions, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
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191
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar J Abilez
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, the Department of Medicine, and the Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, the Department of Medicine, and the Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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192
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Seale NM, Varghese S. Biomaterials for pluripotent stem cell engineering: From fate determination to vascularization. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:3454-3463. [PMID: 27446588 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02658j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent advancements in material science and engineering may hold the key to overcoming reproducibility and scalability limitations currently hindering the clinical translation of stem cell therapies. Biomaterial assisted differentiation commitment of stem cells and modulation of their in vivo function could have significant impact in stem cell-centred regenerative medicine approaches and next gen technological platforms. Synthetic biomaterials are of particular interest as they provide a consistent, chemically defined, and tunable way of mimicking the physical and chemical properties of the natural tissue or cell environment. Combining emerging biomaterial and biofabrication advancements may finally give researchers the tools to modulate spatiotemporal complexity and engineer more hierarchically complex, physiologically relevant tissue mimics. In this review we highlight recent research advancements in biomaterial assisted pluripotent stem cell (PSC) expansion and three dimensional (3D) tissue formation strategies. Furthermore, since vascularization is a major challenge affecting the in vivo function of engineered tissues, we discuss recent developments in vascularization strategies and assess their ability to produce perfusable and functional vasculature that can be integrated with the host tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nailah M Seale
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Shyni Varghese
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, USA
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193
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Caiazzo M, Okawa Y, Ranga A, Piersigilli A, Tabata Y, Lutolf MP. Defined three-dimensional microenvironments boost induction of pluripotency. NATURE MATERIALS 2016; 15:344-52. [PMID: 26752655 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), numerous approaches have been explored to improve the original protocol, which is based on a two-dimensional (2D) cell-culture system. Surprisingly, nothing is known about the effect of a more biologically faithful 3D environment on somatic-cell reprogramming. Here, we report a systematic analysis of how reprogramming of somatic cells occurs within engineered 3D extracellular matrices. By modulating microenvironmental stiffness, degradability and biochemical composition, we have identified a previously unknown role for biophysical effectors in the promotion of iPSC generation. We find that the physical cell confinement imposed by the 3D microenvironment boosts reprogramming through an accelerated mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition and increased epigenetic remodelling. We conclude that 3D microenvironmental signals act synergistically with reprogramming transcription factors to increase somatic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Caiazzo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences (SV) and School of Engineering (STI), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yuya Okawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences (SV) and School of Engineering (STI), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Ranga
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences (SV) and School of Engineering (STI), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Yoji Tabata
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences (SV) and School of Engineering (STI), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias P Lutolf
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences (SV) and School of Engineering (STI), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Science (SB), EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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194
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Zhang L, Xu Y, Xu J, Wei Y, Xu X. Protein kinase A inhibitor, H89, enhances survival and clonogenicity of dissociated human embryonic stem cells through Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) inhibition. Hum Reprod 2016; 31:832-43. [PMID: 26848187 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Can cell survival of dissociated human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) be increased during culture? SUMMARY ANSWER A protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, H89, can significantly enhance survival and clonogenicity of dissociated hESCs without affecting their pluripotency. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY hESCs are vulnerable to massive cell death upon cellular detachment and dissociation. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION hESCs were dissociated into single cells and then cultured in feeder-dependent and -independent manners. H89 was added to the culture medium at different concentrations for 1 day. The statistical results were obtained from at least three independent experiments (n ≥ 4). The group without treatment was used as the negative control. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS 4 µM H89 was added in the culture medium to promote cell survival and colony formation of dissociated hESCs. MTT method and propidium iodide (PI) staining were used to determine cell proliferation, cell death and cell cycle, respectively. To count colony formation, alkaline phosphatase (AP) staining was carried out. Western blot was performed to determine protein expression. Except AP staining, immunofluorescence, RT-PCR and karyotype analysis were used to confirm the pluripotent state of H89 treated hESCs. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE H89 inhibits the dissociation-induced phosphorylation of PKA and two substrates of Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK), myosin light chain (MLC2) and myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT1), significantly increases cell survival and colony formation, and strongly depresses dissociation-induced cell death and cell blebbing without affecting the pluripotency of hESCs and their differentiation in vitro. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Appropriate H89 concentration should be used and 1 day of H89 treatment is sufficient for promoting survival and colony formation of dissociated hESCs. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS These results provide an alternative for human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) culture, broaden the scope of participants in the cell death of single hES cells after dissociation and further enlighten clues to understand the mechanism of dissociation-induced cell death. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21176238, 21576266), and Chinese Academy of Sciences. There is no conflict of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Nil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Yanqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Jiandong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Yuping Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Xia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
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195
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Maclean FL, Rodriguez AL, Parish CL, Williams RJ, Nisbet DR. Integrating Biomaterials and Stem Cells for Neural Regeneration. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:214-26. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca L. Maclean
- Research School of Engineering, the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Clare L. Parish
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Richard J. Williams
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering and Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David R. Nisbet
- Research School of Engineering, the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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196
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Kempf H, Andree B, Zweigerdt R. Large-scale production of human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 96:18-30. [PMID: 26658242 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine, including preclinical studies in large animal models and tissue engineering approaches as well as innovative assays for drug discovery, will require the constant supply of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and other functional progenies. Respective cell production processes must be robust, economically viable and ultimately GMP-compliant. Recent research has enabled transition of lab scale protocols for hPSC expansion and cardiomyogenic differentiation towards more controlled processing in industry-compatible culture platforms. Here, advanced strategies for the cultivation and differentiation of hPSCs will be reviewed by focusing on stirred bioreactor-based techniques for process upscaling. We will discuss how cardiomyocyte mass production might benefit from recent findings such as cell expansion at the cardiovascular progenitor state. Finally, remaining challenges will be highlighted, specifically regarding three dimensional (3D) hPSC suspension culture and critical safety issues ahead of clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Kempf
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany; REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Birgit Andree
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany; REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany; REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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197
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Cui X, Dini S, Dai S, Bi J, Binder BJ, Green JEF, Zhang H. A mechanistic study on tumour spheroid formation in thermosensitive hydrogels: experiments and mathematical modelling. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11699j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermo-reversible microgels to culture and harvest uniform-sized tumour spheroids with a narrow size-distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Cui
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - S. Dini
- School of Mathematical Sciences
- University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - S. Dai
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - J. Bi
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - B. J. Binder
- School of Mathematical Sciences
- University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - J. E. F. Green
- School of Mathematical Sciences
- University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - H. Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
- Australia
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198
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Mesenchymoangioblast-derived mesenchymal stromal cells inhibit cell damage, tissue damage and improve peripheral blood flow following hindlimb ischemic injury in mice. Cytotherapy 2015; 18:219-28. [PMID: 26740280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Existing treatments have limited success in modifying the course of peripheral artery disease, which may eventually lead to limb-threatening ulcers and amputation. Cellular therapies have the potential to provide a new treatment option for this condition, but isolation of cells by conventional means has limitations with respect to reproducibility and scalability. METHODS Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were differentiated into precursor cells known as mesenchymoangioblasts (MCAs) and subsequently into mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Hindlimb ischemia in mice was created by ligating both the iliac and femoral arteries of one hindlimb. Immediately after surgery, each animal received intramuscular injections of 5 × 10(6) cells or media in the ischemic limb. Toe necrosis was assessed visually, and hindlimb blood flow was measured by laser Doppler using a set region of interest (ROI) and by tracing the entire foot. Myofiber heterogeneity, nuclear centralization, fatty degeneration, fibrosis and capillary angiogenesis in the gastrocnemius muscle were assessed histologically. RESULTS Blood flow in the MCA-derived MSC-treated animals was higher at each day (P <0.006), and these mice recovered faster than control animals (3.6 vs. 2.5 for set ROI; 7.5 vs. 4.1 foot tracing; slope; P <0.001). There was significantly less myofiber heterogeneity, nuclear centralization, fatty degeneration and fibrosis in MCA-derived MSC-treated animals, indicating less tissue damage. DISCUSSION MCA-derived MSCs improved limb blood flow, reduced necrosis and maintained muscle mass and gross muscle appearance. We conclude that MCA-derived MSCs have a significant and protective effect against ischemic insults.
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199
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Kerscher P, Turnbull IC, Hodge AJ, Kim J, Seliktar D, Easley CJ, Costa KD, Lipke EA. Direct hydrogel encapsulation of pluripotent stem cells enables ontomimetic differentiation and growth of engineered human heart tissues. Biomaterials 2015; 83:383-95. [PMID: 26826618 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Human engineered heart tissues have potential to revolutionize cardiac development research, drug-testing, and treatment of heart disease; however, implementation is limited by the need to use pre-differentiated cardiomyocytes (CMs). Here we show that by providing a 3D poly(ethylene glycol)-fibrinogen hydrogel microenvironment, we can directly differentiate human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into contracting heart tissues. Our straight-forward, ontomimetic approach, imitating the process of development, requires only a single cell-handling step, provides reproducible results for a range of tested geometries and size scales, and overcomes inherent limitations in cell maintenance and maturation, while achieving high yields of CMs with developmentally appropriate temporal changes in gene expression. We demonstrate that hPSCs encapsulated within this biomimetic 3D hydrogel microenvironment develop into functional cardiac tissues composed of self-aligned CMs with evidence of ultrastructural maturation, mimicking heart development, and enabling investigation of disease mechanisms and screening of compounds on developing human heart tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kerscher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, AL, USA
| | - Irene C Turnbull
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Joonyul Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, AL, USA
| | - Dror Seliktar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Kevin D Costa
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Human cardiomyocyte generation from pluripotent stem cells: A state-of-art. Life Sci 2015; 145:98-113. [PMID: 26682938 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The human heart is considered a non-regenerative organ. Worldwide, cardiovascular diseases continue to be the leading cause of death. Despite advances in cardiac treatment, myocardial repair remains severely limited by the lack of an appropriate source of viable cardiomyocytes (CMs) to replace damaged tissue. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can efficiently be differentiated into functional CMs necessary for cell replacement therapy and other potential applications. The number of protocols that derive CMs from hPSCs has increased exponentially over the past decade following observation of the first human beating CMs. A number of highly efficient, chemical based protocols have been developed to generate human CMs (hCMs) in small-scale and large-scale suspension systems. To reduce the heterogeneity of hPSC-derived CMs, the differentiation protocols were modulated to exclusively generate atrial-, ventricular-, and nodal-like CM subtypes. Recently, remarkable advances have been achieved in hCM generation including chemical-based cardiac differentiation, cardiac subtype specification, large-scale suspension culture differentiation, and development of chemically defined culture conditions. These hCMs could be useful particularly in the context of in vitro disease modeling, pharmaceutical screening and in cellular replacement therapies once the safety issues are overcome. Herein we review recent progress in the in vitro generation of CMs and cardiac subtypes from hPSCs and discuss their potential applications and current limitations.
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