151
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Tau PTM Profiles Identify Patient Heterogeneity and Stages of Alzheimer's Disease. Cell 2020; 183:1699-1713.e13. [PMID: 33188775 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the role of Tau isoforms and post-translational modification (PTM) stoichiometry in Alzheimer's disease (AD), we generated a high-resolution quantitative proteomics map of 95 PTMs on multiple isoforms of Tau isolated from postmortem human tissue from 49 AD and 42 control subjects. Although Tau PTM maps reveal heterogeneity across subjects, a subset of PTMs display high occupancy and frequency for AD, suggesting importance in disease. Unsupervised analyses indicate that PTMs occur in an ordered manner, leading to Tau aggregation. The processive addition and minimal set of PTMs associated with seeding activity was further defined by analysis of size-fractionated Tau. To summarize, features in the Tau protein critical for disease intervention at different stages of disease are identified, including enrichment of 0N and 4R isoforms, underrepresentation of the C terminus, an increase in negative charge in the proline-rich region (PRR), and a decrease in positive charge in the microtubule binding domain (MBD).
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152
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Oakley SS, Maina MB, Marshall KE, Al-Hilaly YK, Harrington CR, Wischik CM, Serpell LC. Tau Filament Self-Assembly and Structure: Tau as a Therapeutic Target. Front Neurol 2020; 11:590754. [PMID: 33281730 PMCID: PMC7688747 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.590754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau plays an important pathological role in a group of neurodegenerative diseases called tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease, Pick's disease, chronic traumatic encephalopathy and corticobasal degeneration. In each disease, tau self-assembles abnormally to form filaments that deposit in the brain. Tau is a natively unfolded protein that can adopt distinct structures in different pathological disorders. Cryo-electron microscopy has recently provided a series of structures for the core of the filaments purified from brain tissue from patients with different tauopathies and revealed that they share a common core region, while differing in their specific conformation. This structurally resolvable part of the core is contained within a proteolytically stable core region from the repeat domain initially isolated from AD tau filaments. Tau has recently become an important target for therapy. Recent work has suggested that the prevention of tau self-assembly may be effective in slowing the progression of Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. Here we review the work that explores the importance of tau filament structures and tau self-assembly mechanisms, as well as examining model systems that permit the exploration of the mode of action of potential inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian S. Oakley
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Mahmoud B. Maina
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
- College of Medical Sciences, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Nigeria
| | - Karen E. Marshall
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Youssra K. Al-Hilaly
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Charlie R. Harrington
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- TauRx Therapeutics Ltd., Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Claude M. Wischik
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- TauRx Therapeutics Ltd., Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Louise C. Serpell
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
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153
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Chen B, Zhao J, Zhang R, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Yang H, An J. Neuroprotective effects of natural compounds on neurotoxin-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:1078-1099. [PMID: 33164705 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1840035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Overproduction of reactive species, notably reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species, along with the failure of balancing effects of endogenous antioxidant defenses result in destruction of cellular structures, lipids, proteins, and genetic material, which lead to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis plays a pivotal role in pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. Antioxidants represent one of the medical choice strategies for protecting against this unbalanced oxidation-antioxidation status. Recently, natural compounds with neuroprotective potential that can scavenge free radicals and protect cells from oxidative damage have received extensive attention. METHODS In this review, we summarized the detailed research progress on the medicinal plants-derived natural compounds with potential anti-oxidation effects and their molecular mechanisms on modulating the neurotoxin (6-OHDA, H2O2, glutamate, Aβ)-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. RESULTS The natural compounds that efficacious in modulating reactive species production and mitochondrial function include flavonoids, glucosides, alkaloids, polyphenols, lignans, coumarins, terpenoids, quinones and others. They decreased the neurotoxin-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis by (1) decreasing ROS/RNS generation, lipid peroxidation, caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities, LDH release, the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, Ca2+ influx and cytochrome c release, (2) elevating MMP, and (3) restoring endogenous antioxidant enzymatic activities (CAT, GSH-Px, GSR, SOD). And they exerted neuroprotective effects against cell damages and apoptosis by modulating the oxidative cascades of different signaling pathways (Nrf2/HO-1, NF-κB, MAPKs, PI3K/Akt, GSK-3β) and preventing mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathways. DISCUSSION The present work reviews the role of oxidative stress in neurodegeneration, highlighting the potential anti-oxidation effects of natural compounds as a promising approach to develop innovative neuroprotective strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Translational Medicine Centre, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Translational Medicine Centre, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing An
- Translational Medicine Centre, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, People's Republic of China
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154
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Alyenbaawi H, Allison WT, Mok SA. Prion-Like Propagation Mechanisms in Tauopathies and Traumatic Brain Injury: Challenges and Prospects. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1487. [PMID: 33121065 PMCID: PMC7692808 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of tau protein in the form of filamentous aggregates is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). These dementias share traumatic brain injury (TBI) as a prominent risk factor. Tau aggregates can transfer between cells and tissues in a "prion-like" manner, where they initiate the templated misfolding of normal tau molecules. This enables the spread of tau pathology to distinct parts of the brain. The evidence that tauopathies spread via prion-like mechanisms is considerable, but work detailing the mechanisms of spread has mostly used in vitro platforms that cannot fully reveal the tissue-level vectors or etiology of progression. We review these issues and then briefly use TBI and CTE as a case study to illustrate aspects of tauopathy that warrant further attention in vivo. These include seizures and sleep/wake disturbances, emphasizing the urgent need for improved animal models. Dissecting these mechanisms of tauopathy progression continues to provide fresh inspiration for the design of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel Alyenbaawi
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada; (H.A.); (W.T.A.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - W. Ted Allison
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada; (H.A.); (W.T.A.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Sue-Ann Mok
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada; (H.A.); (W.T.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
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155
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Mongelli A, Atlante S, Barbi V, Bachetti T, Martelli F, Farsetti A, Gaetano C. Treating Senescence like Cancer: Novel Perspectives in Senotherapy of Chronic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217984. [PMID: 33121118 PMCID: PMC7663758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The WHO estimated around 41 million deaths worldwide each year for age-related non-communicable chronic diseases. Hence, developing strategies to control the accumulation of cell senescence in living organisms and the overall aging process is an urgently needed problem of social relevance. During aging, many biological processes are altered, which globally induce the dysfunction of the whole organism. Cell senescence is one of the causes of this modification. Nowadays, several drugs approved for anticancer therapy have been repurposed to treat senescence, and others are under scrutiny in vitro and in vivo to establish their senomorphic or senolytic properties. In some cases, this research led to a significant increase in cell survival or to a prolonged lifespan in animal models, at least. Senomorphics can act to interfere with a specific pathway in order to restore the appropriate cellular function, preserve viability, and to prolong the lifespan. On the other hand, senolytics induce apoptosis in senescent cells allowing the remaining non–senescent population to preserve or restore tissue function. A large number of research articles and reviews recently addressed this topic. Herein, we would like to focus attention on those chemical agents with senomorphic or senolytic properties that perspectively, according to literature, suggest a potential application as senotherapeutics for chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Mongelli
- Laboratorio di Epigenetica, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 4, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.M.); (S.A.); (V.B.)
| | - Sandra Atlante
- Laboratorio di Epigenetica, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 4, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.M.); (S.A.); (V.B.)
| | - Veronica Barbi
- Laboratorio di Epigenetica, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 4, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.M.); (S.A.); (V.B.)
| | - Tiziana Bachetti
- Direzione Scientifica, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 4, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Fabio Martelli
- Laboratorio di Cardiologia Molecolare, Policlinico San Donato IRCCS, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milano; Italy,
| | - Antonella Farsetti
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science “A. Ruberti” (IASI), National Research Council (CNR), 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (C.G.)
| | - Carlo Gaetano
- Laboratorio di Epigenetica, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 4, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.M.); (S.A.); (V.B.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (C.G.)
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156
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Wang L, Bharti, Kumar R, Pavlov PF, Winblad B. Small molecule therapeutics for tauopathy in Alzheimer's disease: Walking on the path of most resistance. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112915. [PMID: 33139110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia characterized by presence of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. Currently there are close to 50 million people living with dementia and this figure is expected to increase to 75 million by 2030 putting a huge burden on the economy due to the health care cost. Considering the effects on quality of life of patients and the increasing burden on the economy, there is an enormous need of new disease modifying therapies to tackle this disease. The current therapies are dominated by only symptomatic treatments including cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blockers but no disease modifying treatments exist so far. After several failed attempts to develop drugs against amyloidopathy, tau targeting approaches have been in the main focus of drug development against AD. After an overview of the tauopathy in AD, this review summarizes recent findings on the development of small molecules as therapeutics targeting tau modification, aggregation, and degradation, and tau-oriented multi-target directed ligands. Overall, this work aims to provide a comprehensive and critical overview of small molecules which are being explored as a lead candidate for discovering drugs against tauopathy in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Wang
- Dept. of Neuroscience Care and Society, Div. of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 17164, Solna, Sweden
| | - Bharti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Dept. of Neuroscience Care and Society, Div. of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 17164, Solna, Sweden; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Pavel F Pavlov
- Dept. of Neuroscience Care and Society, Div. of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 17164, Solna, Sweden; Memory Clinic, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Dept. of Neuroscience Care and Society, Div. of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 17164, Solna, Sweden; Memory Clinic, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186, Huddinge, Sweden.
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157
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Kent SA, Spires-Jones TL, Durrant CS. The physiological roles of tau and Aβ: implications for Alzheimer's disease pathology and therapeutics. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 140:417-447. [PMID: 32728795 PMCID: PMC7498448 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02196-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tau and amyloid beta (Aβ) are the prime suspects for driving pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and, as such, have become the focus of therapeutic development. Recent research, however, shows that these proteins have been highly conserved throughout evolution and may have crucial, physiological roles. Such functions may be lost during AD progression or be unintentionally disrupted by tau- or Aβ-targeting therapies. Tau has been revealed to be more than a simple stabiliser of microtubules, reported to play a role in a range of biological processes including myelination, glucose metabolism, axonal transport, microtubule dynamics, iron homeostasis, neurogenesis, motor function, learning and memory, neuronal excitability, and DNA protection. Aβ is similarly multifunctional, and is proposed to regulate learning and memory, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, repair leaks in the blood-brain barrier, promote recovery from injury, and act as an antimicrobial peptide and tumour suppressor. This review will discuss potential physiological roles of tau and Aβ, highlighting how changes to these functions may contribute to pathology, as well as the implications for therapeutic development. We propose that a balanced consideration of both the physiological and pathological roles of tau and Aβ will be essential for the design of safe and effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Kent
- Translational Neuroscience PhD Programme, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and the UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ Scotland, UK
| | - Tara L. Spires-Jones
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and the UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ Scotland, UK
| | - Claire S. Durrant
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and the UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ Scotland, UK
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158
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Pandey G, Ramakrishnan V. Invasive and non-invasive therapies for Alzheimer's disease and other amyloidosis. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:1175-1186. [PMID: 32930962 PMCID: PMC7575678 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancements in medical science have facilitated in extending human lives. The increased life expectancy, though, has come at a cost. The cases of an aging population suffering from degenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD) are presently at its all-time high. Amyloidosis disorders such as AD are triggered by an abnormal transition of soluble proteins into their highly ordered aggregated forms. The landscape of amyloidosis treatment remains unchanged, and there is no cure for such disorders. However, an increased understanding of the mechanism of amyloid self-assembly has given hope for a possible therapeutic solution. In this review, we will discuss the current state of molecular and non-molecular options for therapeutic intervention of amyloidosis. We highlight the efficacy of non-invasive physical therapies as possible alternatives to their molecular counterparts. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Pandey
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Vibin Ramakrishnan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India.
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159
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Kabir MT, Uddin MS, Zaman S, Begum Y, Ashraf GM, Bin-Jumah MN, Bungau SG, Mousa SA, Abdel-Daim MM. Molecular Mechanisms of Metal Toxicity in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:1-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02096-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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160
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Dalton RM, Krishnan HS, Parker VS, Catanese MC, Hooker JM. Coevolution of Atomic Resolution and Whole-Brain Imaging for Tau Neurofibrillary Tangles. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2513-2522. [PMID: 32786315 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) imaging methods at the distinct scales of atomic and whole-brain resolutions have coevolved rapidly. Linking these two areas of research provides insight into how and why certain tau radiotracers, using positron emission tomography (PET), bind selectively to certain morphological forms of the NFT fibril. In this Review, a brief history and background for each research area is presented leading to a summary of the current state of knowledge, with a synopsis of PET NFT radiotracers and an outlook for near-term research efforts. The continued integration of information provided at the level of each of these scales of resolution will catalyze the next generation of clinical imaging technique development and enhance our interpretations of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raeann M. Dalton
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Hema S. Krishnan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Victoria S. Parker
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Mary C. Catanese
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Jacob M. Hooker
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
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161
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The search for novel targets in Alzheimer's disease-The 90s redux. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 177:123-135. [PMID: 33453938 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex disease of the brain. Despite over 100 years of basic and clinical research, significantly intensified in the last three decades, the exact cause of this neurodegeneration is still an enigma. Based on neuroanatomical, experimental, and clinical findings, a series of hypotheses on AD pathogenesis have evolved. Among them, the "amyloid cascade hypothesis" has been most prominent. Clinical efforts targeting the biochemistry of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) as causal therapy have all failed so far, which may mean that the pathogenic mechanism of AD is less straightforward than initially thought. While there was good scientific reason to support this hypothesis before, the exclusive concentration on it may have impeded a more objective look and prevented the pursuit of alternative approaches to decipher the cause of AD. Here, a few key hypotheses of AD are summarized, and it is proposed that our view of the cause (or causes) of this detrimental disease be widened. This includes looking back, reactivating, and revisiting findings that were ignored over the last decades. Alternative and amyloid-independent ways to explain AD pathogenesis should receive more attention and are appearing.
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162
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Farmer KM, Ghag G, Puangmalai N, Montalbano M, Bhatt N, Kayed R. P53 aggregation, interactions with tau, and impaired DNA damage response in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:132. [PMID: 32778161 PMCID: PMC7418370 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01012-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor, p53, is critical for many important cellular functions involved in genome integrity, including cell cycle control, DNA damage response, and apoptosis. Disruption of p53 results in a wide range of disorders including cancer, metabolic diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by protein aggregates that contribute to disease pathology. Although p53 is known to aggregate, its propensity to aggregate in AD has never been assessed. Moreover, AD neuropathology includes lethal cell cycle re-entry, excessive DNA damage, and abnormal cell death which are all controlled by p53. Here, we show p53 forms oligomers and fibrils in human AD brain, but not control brain. p53 oligomers can also be detected in htau and P301L mouse models. Additionally, we demonstrate that p53 interacts with tau, specifically tau oligomers, in AD brain and can be recapitulated by in vitro exogenous tau oligomer treatment in C57BL/6 primary neurons. p53 oligomers also colocalize, potentially seeding, endogenous p53 in primary neurons. Lastly, we demonstrate that in the presence of DNA damage, phosphorylated p53 is mislocalized outside the nucleus and p53-mediated DNA damage responders are significantly decreased in AD brain. Control brain shows a healthy DNA damage response, indicating a loss of nuclear p53 function in AD may be due to p53 aggregation and/or interactions with tau oligomers. Given the critical role of p53 in cellular physiology, the disruption of this crucial transcription factor may set an irreversible course towards neurodegeneration in AD and potentially other tauopathies, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M. Farmer
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Medical Research Building, Room 10.138C, Galveston, TX 77555-1045 USA
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA
| | - Gaurav Ghag
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Medical Research Building, Room 10.138C, Galveston, TX 77555-1045 USA
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA
- Protein Sciences, Merck & Co Incorporated, South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Nicha Puangmalai
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Medical Research Building, Room 10.138C, Galveston, TX 77555-1045 USA
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA
| | - Mauro Montalbano
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Medical Research Building, Room 10.138C, Galveston, TX 77555-1045 USA
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA
| | - Nemil Bhatt
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Medical Research Building, Room 10.138C, Galveston, TX 77555-1045 USA
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA
| | - Rakez Kayed
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Medical Research Building, Room 10.138C, Galveston, TX 77555-1045 USA
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA
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163
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Dominguez-Meijide A, Vasili E, König A, Cima-Omori MS, Ibáñez de Opakua A, Leonov A, Ryazanov S, Zweckstetter M, Griesinger C, Outeiro TF. Effects of pharmacological modulators of α-synuclein and tau aggregation and internalization. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12827. [PMID: 32732936 PMCID: PMC7393090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69744-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are common neurodegenerative disorders of the elderly and, therefore, affect a growing number of patients worldwide. Both diseases share, as a common hallmark, the accumulation of characteristic protein aggregates, known as Lewy bodies (LB) in PD, and neurofibrillary tangles in AD. LBs are primarily composed of misfolded α-synuclein (aSyn), and neurofibrillary tangles are primarily composed of tau protein. Importantly, upon pathological evaluation, most AD and PD/Lewy body dementia cases exhibit mixed pathology, with the co-occurrence of both LB and neurofibrillary tangles, among other protein inclusions. Recent studies suggest that both aSyn and tau pathology can spread and propagate through neuronal connections. Therefore, it is important to investigate the mechanisms underlying aggregation and propagation of these proteins for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we assessed the effects of different pharmacological interventions on the aggregation and internalization of tau and aSyn. We found that anle138b and fulvic acid decrease aSyn and tau aggregation, that epigallocatechin gallate decreases aSyn aggregation, and that dynasore reduces tau internalization. Establishing the effects of small molecules with different chemical properties on the aggregation and spreading of aSyn and tau will be important for the development of future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Dominguez-Meijide
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.,Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eftychia Vasili
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annekatrin König
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maria-Sol Cima-Omori
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alain Ibáñez de Opakua
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrei Leonov
- Department for NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sergey Ryazanov
- Department for NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Zweckstetter
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Department for NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Griesinger
- Department for NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany. .,Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany. .,Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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164
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McKee AC. The Neuropathology of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: The Status of the Literature. Semin Neurol 2020; 40:359-369. [PMID: 32712946 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a tauopathy associated with repetitive mild head trauma, including concussion and asymptomatic subconcussive impacts. CTE was first recognized in boxers almost a century ago and has been identified more recently in contact sports athletes, military veterans exposed to blast, and victims of domestic violence. Like most neurodegenerative diseases, CTE is diagnosed conclusively by a neuropathological examination of brain tissue. CTE is characterized by the buildup of hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), neurites, and, sometimes, astrocytes, surrounding small blood vessels in a patchy distribution at the sulcal depths of the cerebral cortex. In 2015, using the McKee proposed criteria for the neuropathological diagnosis of CTE, a consensus panel of expert neuropathologists confirmed CTE as a unique neurodegenerative disease with a pathognomonic lesion and published the preliminary NINDS (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) criteria for CTE. Since that time, the NINDS criteria for CTE have been implemented and validated in multiple international publications. Using the NINDS criteria, the largest clinicopathological series of CTE to date was reported that included 177 former American football players, including 110 (99%) of 111 former National Football League players, 48 (91%) of 53 former college football players, and 3 (21%) of 14 former high school players. Studies have also shown a significant association between cumulative exposure to repetitive head trauma, as judged by the length of American football playing career, and risk for and severity of CTE. There is also a significant relationship of the length of football playing career with p-tau pathology, inflammation, white matter rarefaction, and age at death in CTE. While p-tau pathology, inflammation, white matter rarefaction, and arteriolosclerosis contribute to dementia in CTE, whether they also influence the behavioral and mood symptoms in CTE has yet to be determined. There have been several instances of aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG), a common astrocytic pathology in the elderly, misdiagnosed as CTE in the recent literature, provoking claims that CTE pathology is present in people not known to have experienced repetitive head trauma. Although ARTAG is often found in CTE, the pathognomonic lesion of CTE is a neuronal lesion consisting of NFTs and neurites, with or without p-tau immunoreactive astrocytes. Some authors consider β-amyloid (Aβ) to be a primary feature of CTE, yet the data indicate that CTE is a primary tauopathy, with Aβ deposition a function of age and inheritance of the ApoEe4 allele. Some authors also question the progressive nature of CTE pathology, although there is clear evidence in most individuals that p-tau pathology increases in density and affects more brain regions with survival. This review is intended to outline the status of the evidence-based literature regarding CTE neuropathology and to address the misrepresentations and confusions that have arisen in recent reviews and a letter of correspondence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann C McKee
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
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165
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Reiss AB, Glass AD, Wisniewski T, Wolozin B, Gomolin IH, Pinkhasov A, De Leon J, Stecker MM. Alzheimer's disease: many failed trials, so where do we go from here? J Investig Med 2020; 68:1135-1140. [PMID: 32699179 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2020-001297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative brain disorder associated with relentlessly progressive cognitive impairment and memory loss. AD pathology proceeds for decades before cognitive deficits become clinically apparent, opening a window for preventative therapy. Imbalance of clearance and buildup of amyloid β and phosphorylated tau proteins in the central nervous system is believed to contribute to AD pathogenesis. However, multiple clinical trials of treatments aimed at averting accumulation of these proteins have yielded little success, and there is still no disease-modifying intervention. Here, we discuss current knowledge of AD pathology and treatment with an emphasis on emerging biomarkers and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Bethanne Reiss
- Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine and NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York, USA
| | - Amy D Glass
- Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine and NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York, USA
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin Wolozin
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Irving H Gomolin
- Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine and NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York, USA
| | - Aaron Pinkhasov
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York, USA
| | - Joshua De Leon
- Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine and NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York, USA
| | - Mark M Stecker
- Neurology, UCSF San Francisco/Fresno, Fresno, California, USA
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166
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Saez-Atienzar S, Masliah E. Cellular senescence and Alzheimer disease: the egg and the chicken scenario. Nat Rev Neurosci 2020; 21:433-444. [PMID: 32601397 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-020-0325-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Globally, 50 million people live with dementia, with Alzheimer disease (AD) being responsible for two-thirds of the total cases. As ageing is the main risk factor for dementia-related neurodegeneration, changes in the timing or nature of the cellular hallmarks of normal ageing might be key to understanding the events that convert normal ageing into neurodegeneration. Cellular senescence is a candidate mechanism that might be important for this conversion. Under persistent stress, as occurs in ageing, both postmitotic cells - including neurons - and proliferative cells - such as astrocytes and microglia, among others - can engender a state of chronic cellular senescence that is characterized by the secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules that promote the functional decline of tissues and organs. Ablation of senescent cells has been postulated as a promising therapeutic venue to target the ageing phenotype and, thus, prevent or mitigate ageing-related diseases. However, owing to a lack of evidence, it is not possible to label cellular senescence as a cause or a consequence of neurodegeneration. This Review examines cellular senescence in the context of ageing and AD, and discusses which of the processes - cellular senescence or AD - might come first.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Saez-Atienzar
- Neuromuscular Disease Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Molecular Neuropathology Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Division of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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167
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Aoyagi A, Condello C, Stöhr J, Yue W, Rivera BM, Lee JC, Woerman AL, Halliday G, van Duinen S, Ingelsson M, Lannfelt L, Graff C, Bird TD, Keene CD, Seeley WW, DeGrado WF, Prusiner SB. Aβ and tau prion-like activities decline with longevity in the Alzheimer's disease human brain. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/490/eaat8462. [PMID: 31043574 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat8462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are the accumulation of Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau. We developed sensitive cellular assays using human embryonic kidney-293T cells to quantify intracellular self-propagating conformers of Aβ in brain samples from patients with AD or other neurodegenerative diseases. Postmortem brain tissue from patients with AD had measurable amounts of pathological Aβ conformers. Individuals over 80 years of age had the lowest amounts of prion-like Aβ and phosphorylated tau. Unexpectedly, the longevity-dependent decrease in self-propagating tau conformers occurred in spite of increasing amounts of total insoluble tau. When corrected for the abundance of insoluble tau, the ability of postmortem AD brain homogenates to induce misfolded tau in the cellular assays showed an exponential decrease with longevity, with a half-life of about one decade over the age range of 37 to 99 years. Thus, our findings demonstrate an inverse correlation between longevity in patients with AD and the abundance of pathological tau conformers. Our cellular assays can be applied to patient selection for clinical studies and the development of new drugs and diagnostics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Aoyagi
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Carlo Condello
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. .,Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jan Stöhr
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Weizhou Yue
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Brianna M Rivera
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Joanne C Lee
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Amanda L Woerman
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Glenda Halliday
- NeuRA and School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, and Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Lannfelt
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Caroline Graff
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden.,Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Thomas D Bird
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - William F DeGrado
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Stanley B Prusiner
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. .,Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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168
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Stuve O, Weideman RA, McMahan DM, Jacob DA, Little BB. Diclofenac reduces the risk of Alzheimer's disease: a pilot analysis of NSAIDs in two US veteran populations. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2020; 13:1756286420935676. [PMID: 32647537 PMCID: PMC7325551 DOI: 10.1177/1756286420935676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Our aim was to determine whether specific nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) agents are associated with a decreased frequency of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Materials and methods: Days of drug exposure were determined for diclofenac, etodolac, and naproxen using US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) pharmacy transaction records, combined from two separate VA sites. AD diagnosis was established by the International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision (ICD-9)/ICD-10 diagnostic codes and the use of AD medications. Cox regression survival analysis was used to evaluate the association between AD frequency and NSAID exposure over time. Age at the end of the study and the medication-based disease burden index (a comorbidity index) were used as covariates. Results: Frequency of AD was significantly lower in the diclofenac group (4/1431, 0.28%) compared with etodolac (328/14,646, 2.24%), and naproxen (202/12,203, 1.66%). For regression analyses, naproxen was chosen as the comparator drug, since it has been shown to have no effect on the development of AD. Compared with naproxen, etodolac had no effect on the development of AD, hazard ratio (HR) 1.00 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.84–1.20, p = 0.95]. In contrast, diclofenac had a significantly lower HR of AD compared with naproxen, HR 0.25 (95% CI: 0.09–0.68, p <0.01). After site effects were controlled for, age at end of the study (HR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.07–1.09, p <0.001) was also found to influence the development of AD, and the medication-based disease burden index was a strong predictor for AD, HR 5.17 (95% CI: 4.60–5.81) indicating that as comorbidities increase, the risk for AD increases very significantly. Conclusion: Diclofenac, which has been shown to have active transport into the central nervous system, and which has been shown to lower amyloid beta and interleukin 1 beta, is associated with a significantly lower frequency of AD compared with etodolac and naproxen. These results are compelling, and parallel animal studies of the closely related fenamate NSAID drug class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Stuve
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical School, Neurology Section (111H), Dallas VA Medical Center, 4500 Lancaster Road, Dallas, TX 75216, USA
| | | | | | - David A Jacob
- Pharmacy Service, Veterans Integrated Service Network 17, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Bertis B Little
- School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, KY, USA
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169
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Alzheimer's disease-related dysregulation of mRNA translation causes key pathological features with ageing. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:192. [PMID: 32546772 PMCID: PMC7297996 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00882-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterised by Aβ and tau pathology as well as synaptic degeneration, which correlates best with cognitive impairment. Previous work suggested that this pathological complexity may result from changes in mRNA translation. Here, we studied whether mRNA translation and its underlying signalling are altered in an early model of AD, and whether modelling this deficiency in mice causes pathological features with ageing. Using an unbiased screen, we show that exposure of primary neurons to nanomolar amounts of Aβ increases FMRP-regulated protein synthesis. This selective regulation of mRNA translation is dependent on a signalling cascade involving MAPK-interacting kinase 1 (Mnk1) and the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), and ultimately results in reduction of CYFIP2, an FMRP-binding protein. Modelling this CYFIP2 reduction in mice, we find age-dependent Aβ accumulation in the thalamus, development of tau pathology in entorhinal cortex and hippocampus, as well as gliosis and synapse loss in the hippocampus, together with deficits in memory formation. Therefore, we conclude that early stages of AD involve increased translation of specific CYFIP2/FMRP-regulated transcripts. Since reducing endogenous CYFIP2 expression is sufficient to cause key features of AD with ageing in mice, we suggest that prolonged activation of this pathway is a primary step toward AD pathology, highlighting a novel direction for therapeutic targeting.
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170
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Barracchia CG, Tira R, Parolini F, Munari F, Bubacco L, Spyroulias GA, D’Onofrio M, Assfalg M. Unsaturated Fatty Acid-Induced Conformational Transitions and Aggregation of the Repeat Domain of Tau. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112716. [PMID: 32545360 PMCID: PMC7321374 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The intrinsically disordered, amyloidogenic protein Tau associates with diverse classes of molecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Mounting evidence suggests that fatty acid molecules could play a role in the dysfunction of this protein, however, their interaction with Tau remains poorly characterized. Methods: In a bid to elucidate the association of Tau with unsaturated fatty acids at the sub-molecular level, we carried out a variety of solution NMR experiments in combination with circular dichroism and fluorescence measurements. Our study shows that Tau4RD, the highly basic four-repeat domain of Tau, associates strongly with arachidonic and oleic acid assemblies in a high lipid/protein ratio, perturbing their supramolecular states and itself undergoing time-dependent structural adaptation. The structural signatures of Tau4RD/fatty acid aggregates appear similar for arachidonic acid and oleic acid, however, they are distinct from those of another prototypical intrinsically disordered protein, α-synuclein, when bound to these lipids, revealing protein-specific conformational adaptations. Both fatty acid molecules are found to invariably promote the self-aggregation of Tau4RD and of α-synuclein. Conclusions: This study describes the reciprocal influence that Tau4RD and fatty acids exert on their conformational states, contributing to our understanding of fundamental aspects of Tau/lipid co-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Giorgio Barracchia
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.G.B.); (R.T.); (F.P.); (F.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Roberto Tira
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.G.B.); (R.T.); (F.P.); (F.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Francesca Parolini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.G.B.); (R.T.); (F.P.); (F.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Francesca Munari
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.G.B.); (R.T.); (F.P.); (F.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Luigi Bubacco
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | | | - Mariapina D’Onofrio
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.G.B.); (R.T.); (F.P.); (F.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Michael Assfalg
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.G.B.); (R.T.); (F.P.); (F.M.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence:
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171
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Van Pelt KM, Truttmann MC. Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system for studying aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2020; 4:60-72. [PMID: 34327290 PMCID: PMC8317484 DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a heterogeneous group of aging-associated disorders characterized by the disruption of cellular proteostasis machinery and the misfolding of distinct protein species to form toxic aggregates in neurons. The increasing prevalence of NDs represents a growing healthcare burden worldwide, a concern compounded by the fact that few, if any, treatments exist to target the underlying cause of these diseases. Consequently, the application of a high-throughput, physiologically relevant model system to studies dissecting the molecular mechanisms governing ND pathology is crucial for identifying novel avenues for the development of targeted therapeutics. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has emerged as a powerful tool for the study of disease mechanisms due to its ease of genetic manipulation and swift cultivation, while providing a whole-animal system amendable to numerous molecular and biochemical techniques. To date, numerous C. elegans models have been generated for a variety of NDs, allowing for the large-scale in vivo study of protein-conformation disorders. Furthermore, the comparatively low barriers to entry in the development of transgenic worm models have facilitated the modeling of rare or "orphan" NDs, thereby providing unparalleled insight into the shared mechanisms underlying these pathologies. In this review, we summarize findings from a comprehensive collection of C. elegans neurodegenerative disease models of varying prevalence to emphasize shared mechanisms of proteotoxicity, and highlight the utility of these models in elucidating the molecular basis of ND pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M. Van Pelt
- Cellular & Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Matthias C. Truttmann
- Cellular & Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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172
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Ibarra-Bracamontes VJ, Escobar-Herrera J, Kristofikova Z, Rípova D, Florán-Garduño B, Garcia-Sierra F. Early but not late conformational changes of tau in association with ubiquitination of neurofibrillary pathology in Alzheimer's disease brains. Brain Res 2020; 1744:146953. [PMID: 32526294 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease, tau protein undergoes post-translational modifications including hyperphosphorylation and truncation, which promotes two major conformational changes associated with progressive N-terminal folding. Along with the development of the disease, tau ubiquitination was previously shown to emerge in the early and intermediate stages of the disease, which is closely associated with early tau truncation at aspartic acid 421, but not with a subsequently truncated tau molecule at glutamic acid 391. In the same group of cases, using multiple immunolabeling and confocal microscopy, a possible relationship between the ubiquitin-targeting of tau and the progression of conformational changes adopted by the N-terminus of this molecule was further studied. A comparable number of neurofibrillary tangles was found displaying ubiquitin, an early conformation recognized by the Alz-50 antibody, and a phosphorylation. However, a more reduced number of neurofibrillary tangles were immunoreactive to Tau-66 antibody, a late tau conformational change marker. When double-labeling profiles of neurofibrillary tangles were assessed, ubiquitination was clearly demonstrated in tau molecules undergoing early N-terminal folding, but was barely observed in late conformational changes of the N-terminus adopted by tau. The same pattern of colocalization was visualized in neuritic pathology. Overall, these results indicate that a more intact conformation of the N-terminus of tau may facilitate tau ubiquitination, but this modification may not occur in a late truncated and more compressed folding of the N-terminus of the tau molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa J Ibarra-Bracamontes
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Escobar-Herrera
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Daniela Rípova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Benjamín Florán-Garduño
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco Garcia-Sierra
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico.
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173
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Liquid-liquid phase separation induces pathogenic tau conformations in vitro. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2809. [PMID: 32499559 PMCID: PMC7272632 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16580-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Formation of membrane-less organelles via liquid-liquid phase separation is one way cells meet the biological requirement for spatiotemporal regulation of cellular components and reactions. Recently, tau, a protein known for its involvement in Alzheimer’s disease and other tauopathies, was found to undergo liquid–liquid phase separation making it one of several proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases to do so. Here, we demonstrate that tau forms dynamic liquid droplets in vitro at physiological protein levels upon molecular crowding in buffers that resemble physiological conditions. Tau droplet formation is significantly enhanced by disease-associated modifications, including the AT8 phospho-epitope and the P301L tau mutation linked to an inherited tauopathy. Moreover, tau droplet dynamics are significantly reduced by these modified forms of tau. Extended phase separation promoted a time-dependent adoption of toxic conformations and oligomerization, but not filamentous aggregation. P301L tau protein showed the greatest oligomer formation following extended phase separation. These findings suggest that phase separation of tau may facilitate the formation of non-filamentous pathogenic tau conformations. Tau plays an important role in tauopathies and undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). The authors show that disease-related P301L mutant and phosphomimic (S199E/S202E/T205E) tau enhance LLPS in vitro at physiological levels, and using specific antibodies, that tau LLPS leads to pathological conformations such as N-terminal exposure and oligomeric species.
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Panes JD, Godoy PA, Silva-Grecchi T, Celis MT, Ramirez-Molina O, Gavilan J, Muñoz-Montecino C, Castro PA, Moraga-Cid G, Yévenes GE, Guzmán L, Salisbury JL, Trushina E, Fuentealba J. Changes in PGC-1α/SIRT1 Signaling Impact on Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Amyloid-Beta Peptide Toxicity Model. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:709. [PMID: 32523530 PMCID: PMC7261959 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive impairment that increasingly afflicts the elderly population. Soluble oligomers (AβOs) has been implicated in AD pathogenesis: however, the molecular events underlying a role for Aβ are not well understood. We studied the effects of AβOs on mitochondrial function and on key proteins that regulate mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis in hippocampal neurons and PC-12 cells. We find that AβOs treatment caused a reduction in total Mfn1 after a 2 h exposure (42 ± 11%); while DRP1 increased at 1 and 2 h (205 ± 22% and 198 ± 27%, respectively), correlating to changes in mitochondrial morphology. We also observed that SIRT1 levels were reduced after acute and chronic AβOs treatment (68 ± 7% and 77 ± 6%, respectively); while PGC-1α levels were reduced with the same time treatments (68 ± 8% and 67 ± 7%, respectively). Interestingly, we found that chronic treatment with AβOs increased the levels of pSIRT1 (24 h: 157 ± 18%), and we observed changes in the PGC-1α and p-SIRT1 nucleus/cytosol ratio and SIRT1-PGC-1α interaction pattern after chronic exposure to AβOs. Our data suggest that AβOs induce important changes in the level and localization of mitochondrial proteins related with the loss of mitochondrial function that are mediated by a fast and sustained SIRT1/PGC-1α complex disruption promoting a “non-return point” to an irreversible synaptic failure and neuronal network disconnection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Panes
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compound, Physiology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Pamela A Godoy
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compound, Physiology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Tiare Silva-Grecchi
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compound, Physiology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - María T Celis
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compound, Physiology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Oscar Ramirez-Molina
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compound, Physiology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Javiera Gavilan
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compound, Physiology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carola Muñoz-Montecino
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Patricio A Castro
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gustavo Moraga-Cid
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gonzalo E Yévenes
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Leonardo Guzmán
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Eugenia Trushina
- Neurology Research, Mayo Clinic Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jorge Fuentealba
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compound, Physiology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Center for Advanced Research on Biomedicine (CIAB-UdeC), Physiology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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175
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Vogels T, Leuzy A, Cicognola C, Ashton NJ, Smolek T, Novak M, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Hromadka T, Zilka N, Schöll M. Propagation of Tau Pathology: Integrating Insights From Postmortem and In Vivo Studies. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:808-818. [PMID: 31735253 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cellular accumulation of aggregated forms of the protein tau is a defining feature of so-called tauopathies such as Alzheimer's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. A growing body of literature suggests that conformational characteristics of tau filaments, along with regional vulnerability to tau pathology, account for the distinct histopathological morphologies, biochemical composition, and affected cell types seen across these disorders. In this review, we describe and discuss recent evidence from human postmortem and clinical biomarker studies addressing the differential vulnerability of brain areas to tau pathology, its cell-to-cell transmission, and characteristics of the different strains that tau aggregates can adopt. Cellular biosensor assays are increasingly used in human tissue to detect the earliest forms of tau pathology, before overt histopathological lesions (i.e., neurofibrillary tangles) are apparent. Animal models with localized tau expression are used to uncover the mechanisms that influence spreading of tau aggregates. Further, studies of human postmortem-derived tau filaments from different tauopathies injected in rodents have led to striking findings that recapitulate neuropathology-based staging of tau. Furthermore, the recent advent of tau positron emission tomography and novel fluid-based biomarkers render it possible to study the temporal progression of tau pathology in vivo. Ultimately, evidence from these approaches must be integrated to better understand the onset and progression of tau pathology across tauopathies. This will lead to improved methods for the detection and monitoring of disease progression and, hopefully, to the development and refinement of tau-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vogels
- AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Antoine Leuzy
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Claudia Cicognola
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tomas Smolek
- AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Novak
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; AXON Neuroscience SE, Larnaca, Cyprus
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tomas Hromadka
- AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Norbert Zilka
- AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michael Schöll
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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176
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Hadi F, Akrami H, Shahpasand K, Fattahi MR. Wnt signalling pathway and tau phosphorylation: A comprehensive study on known connections. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 38:686-694. [PMID: 32232872 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt pathway is the most important cascade in the nervous system; evidence has indicated that deregulation of the Wnt pathway induced pathogenic hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) as the main member of the Wnt pathway increases tau inclusions, the main marker in the neurodegenerative diseases. Phosphorylated tau is observed in the pre-tangle of the neurons in the early stage of neurodegenerative diseases. The researchers always try to improve pharmacological approaches of new therapeutic strategies to the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases that are required to represent a significant entry point by understanding the theoretical interactions of the molecular pathways. In this review, we have discussed the recent knowledge about the canonical and non-canonical Wnt signalling pathway, GSK-3β, Wnt/β-catenin antagonists, tau phosphorylation, and their important roles in the neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hassan Akrami
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Koorosh Shahpasand
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad R Fattahi
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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177
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Exploring the Etiological Links behind Neurodegenerative Diseases: Inflammatory Cytokines and Bioactive Kynurenines. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072431. [PMID: 32244523 PMCID: PMC7177899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), presenting a broad range of symptoms from motor dysfunctions to psychobehavioral manifestations. A common clinical course is the proteinopathy-induced neural dysfunction leading to anatomically corresponding neuropathies. However, current diagnostic criteria based on pathology and symptomatology are of little value for the sake of disease prevention and drug development. Overviewing the pathomechanism of NDs, this review incorporates systematic reviews on inflammatory cytokines and tryptophan metabolites kynurenines (KYNs) of human samples, to present an inferential method to explore potential links behind NDs. The results revealed increases of pro-inflammatory cytokines and neurotoxic KYNs in NDs, increases of anti-inflammatory cytokines in AD, PD, Huntington's disease (HD), Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders, and decreases of neuromodulatory KYNs in AD, PD, and HD. The results reinforced a strong link between inflammation and neurotoxic KYNs, confirmed activation of adaptive immune response, and suggested a possible role in the decrease of neuromodulatory KYNs, all of which may contribute to the development of chronic low grade inflammation. Commonalities of multifactorial NDs were discussed to present a current limit of diagnostic criteria, a need for preclinical biomarkers, and an approach to search the initiation factors of NDs.
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178
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Peng YS, Tang CW, Peng YY, Chang H, Chen CL, Guo SL, Wu LC, Huang MC, Lee HC. Comparative functional genomic analysis of Alzheimer's affected and naturally aging brains. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8682. [PMID: 32219020 PMCID: PMC7087547 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent progressive neurodegenerative human disease whose cause remains unclear. Numerous initially highly hopeful anti-AD drugs based on the amyloid-β (Aβ) hypothesis of AD have failed recent late-phase tests. Natural aging (AG) is a high-risk factor for AD. Here, we aim to gain insights in AD that may lead to its novel therapeutic treatment through conducting meta-analyses of gene expression microarray data from AG and AD-affected brain. Methods Five sets of gene expression microarray data from different regions of AD (hereafter, ALZ when referring to data)-affected brain, and one set from AG, were analyzed by means of the application of the methods of differentially expressed genes and differentially co-expressed gene pairs for the identification of putatively disrupted biological pathways and associated abnormal molecular contents. Results Brain-region specificity among ALZ cases and AG-ALZ differences in gene expression and in KEGG pathway disruption were identified. Strong heterogeneity in AD signatures among the five brain regions was observed: HC/PC/SFG showed clear and pronounced AD signatures, MTG moderately so, and EC showed essentially none. There were stark differences between ALZ and AG. OXPHOS and Proteasome were the most disrupted pathways in HC/PC/SFG, while AG showed no OXPHOS disruption and relatively weak Proteasome disruption in AG. Metabolic related pathways including TCA cycle and Pyruvate metabolism were disrupted in ALZ but not in AG. Three pathogenic infection related pathways were disrupted in ALZ. Many cancer and signaling related pathways were shown to be disrupted AG but far less so in ALZ, and not at all in HC. We identified 54 “ALZ-only” differentially expressed genes, all down-regulated and which, when used to augment the gene list of the KEGG AD pathway, made it significantly more AD-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shian Peng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Tang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yun Peng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hung Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lung Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Landseed Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Lin Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chang Huang
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hoong-Chien Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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179
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Neuropathological Mechanisms Associated with Pesticides in Alzheimer's Disease. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8020021. [PMID: 32218337 PMCID: PMC7355712 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Environmental toxicants have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, and pesticide exposure is a suspected environmental risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Several epidemiological analyses have affirmed a link between pesticides and incidence of sporadic AD. Meanwhile, in vitro and animal models of AD have shed light on potential neuropathological mechanisms. In this paper, a perspective on neuropathological mechanisms underlying pesticides’ induction of AD is provided. Proposed mechanisms range from generic oxidative stress induction in neurons to more AD-specific processes involving amyloid-beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau). Mechanisms that are more speculative or indirect in nature, including somatic mutation, epigenetic modulation, impairment of adult neurogenesis, and microbiota dysbiosis, are also discussed. Chronic toxicity mechanisms of environmental pesticide exposure crosstalks in complex ways and could potentially be mutually enhancing, thus making the deciphering of simplistic causal relationships difficult.
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180
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Abstract
Most neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the intracellular or extracellular aggregation of misfolded proteins such as amyloid-β and tau in Alzheimer disease, α-synuclein in Parkinson disease, and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Accumulating evidence from both human studies and disease models indicates that intercellular transmission and the subsequent templated amplification of these misfolded proteins are involved in the onset and progression of various neurodegenerative diseases. The misfolded proteins that are transferred between cells are referred to as 'pathological seeds'. Recent studies have made exciting progress in identifying the characteristics of different pathological seeds, particularly those isolated from diseased brains. Advances have also been made in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the transmission process, and the influence of the host cell on the conformation and properties of pathological seeds. The aim of this Review is to summarize our current knowledge of the cell-to-cell transmission of pathological proteins and to identify key questions for future investigation.
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181
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Köppen J, Schulze A, Machner L, Wermann M, Eichentopf R, Guthardt M, Hähnel A, Klehm J, Kriegeskorte MC, Hartlage-Rübsamen M, Morawski M, von Hörsten S, Demuth HU, Roßner S, Schilling S. Amyloid-Beta Peptides Trigger Aggregation of Alpha-Synuclein In Vitro. Molecules 2020; 25:E580. [PMID: 32013170 PMCID: PMC7037551 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), including dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), account for the majority of dementia cases worldwide. Interestingly, a significant number of patients have clinical and neuropathological features of both AD and PD, i.e., the presence of amyloid deposits and Lewy bodies in the neocortex. The identification of α-synuclein peptides in amyloid plaques in DLB brain led to the hypothesis that both peptides mutually interact with each other to facilitate neurodegeneration. In this article, we report the influence of Aβ(1-42) and pGlu-Aβ(3-42) on the aggregation of α-synuclein in vitro. The aggregation of human recombinant α-synuclein was investigated using thioflavin-T fluorescence assay. Fibrils were investigated by means of antibody conjugated immunogold followed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our data demonstrate a significantly increased aggregation propensity of α-synuclein in the presence of minor concentrations of Aβ(1-42) and pGlu-Aβ(3-42) for the first time, but without effect on toxicity on mouse primary neurons. The analysis of the composition of the fibrils by TEM combined with immunogold labeling of the peptides revealed an interaction of α-synuclein and Aβ in vitro, leading to an accelerated fibril formation. The analysis of kinetic data suggests that significantly enhanced nucleus formation accounts for this effect. Additionally, co-occurrence of α-synuclein and Aβ and pGlu-Aβ, respectively, under pathological conditions was confirmed in vivo by double immunofluorescent labelings in brains of aged transgenic mice with amyloid pathology. These observations imply a cross-talk of the amyloid peptides α-synuclein and Aβ species in neurodegeneration. Such effects might be responsible for the co-occurrence of Lewy bodies and plaques in many dementia cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janett Köppen
- Fraunhofer Institute of Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department of Drug Design and Target Validation IZI-MWT, 06120 Halle, Germany; (J.K.); (L.M.); (M.W.); (R.E.); (H.-U.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Anja Schulze
- Fraunhofer Institute of Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department of Drug Design and Target Validation IZI-MWT, 06120 Halle, Germany; (J.K.); (L.M.); (M.W.); (R.E.); (H.-U.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Lisa Machner
- Fraunhofer Institute of Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department of Drug Design and Target Validation IZI-MWT, 06120 Halle, Germany; (J.K.); (L.M.); (M.W.); (R.E.); (H.-U.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Michael Wermann
- Fraunhofer Institute of Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department of Drug Design and Target Validation IZI-MWT, 06120 Halle, Germany; (J.K.); (L.M.); (M.W.); (R.E.); (H.-U.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Rico Eichentopf
- Fraunhofer Institute of Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department of Drug Design and Target Validation IZI-MWT, 06120 Halle, Germany; (J.K.); (L.M.); (M.W.); (R.E.); (H.-U.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Max Guthardt
- Fraunhofer Institute of Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Angelika Hähnel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Jessica Klehm
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Marie-Christin Kriegeskorte
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; (M.-C.K.); (M.H.-R.); (M.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Maike Hartlage-Rübsamen
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; (M.-C.K.); (M.H.-R.); (M.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Markus Morawski
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; (M.-C.K.); (M.H.-R.); (M.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Stephan von Hörsten
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Preclinical Experimental Center, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Hans-Ulrich Demuth
- Fraunhofer Institute of Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department of Drug Design and Target Validation IZI-MWT, 06120 Halle, Germany; (J.K.); (L.M.); (M.W.); (R.E.); (H.-U.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Steffen Roßner
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; (M.-C.K.); (M.H.-R.); (M.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Stephan Schilling
- Fraunhofer Institute of Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department of Drug Design and Target Validation IZI-MWT, 06120 Halle, Germany; (J.K.); (L.M.); (M.W.); (R.E.); (H.-U.D.); (S.S.)
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Tanaka M, Bohár Z, Vécsei L. Are Kynurenines Accomplices or Principal Villains in Dementia? Maintenance of Kynurenine Metabolism. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030564. [PMID: 32012948 PMCID: PMC7036975 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, 50 million people suffer from dementia, a group of symptoms affecting cognitive and social functions, progressing severely enough to interfere with daily life. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) accounts for most of the dementia cases. Pathological and clinical findings have led to proposing several hypotheses of AD pathogenesis, finding a presence of positive feedback loops and additionally observing the disturbance of a branch of tryptophan metabolism, the kynurenine (KYN) pathway. Either causative or resultant of dementia, elevated levels of neurotoxic KYN metabolites are observed, potentially upregulating multiple feedback loops of AD pathogenesis. Memantine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamatergic receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, which belongs to one of only two classes of medications approved for clinical use, but other NMDAR modulators have been explored so far in vain. An endogenous KYN pathway metabolite, kynurenic acid (KYNA), likewise inhibits the excitotoxic NMDAR. Besides its anti-excitotoxicity, KYNA is a multitarget compound that triggers anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Modifying the KYNA level is a potential multitarget strategy to normalize the disturbed KYN pathway and thus to alleviate juxtaposing AD pathogeneses. In this review, the maintenance of KYN metabolism by modifying the level of KYNA is proposed and discussed in search for a novel lead compound against the progression of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Tanaka
- MTA-SZTE, Neuroscience Research Group, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Neurology, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Bohár
- MTA-SZTE, Neuroscience Research Group, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Neurology, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- MTA-SZTE, Neuroscience Research Group, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Neurology, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-62-545-351
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183
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Schirò G. Probing the dynamics of biological matter by elastic, quasi-elastic, and inelastic neutron scattering. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202023605001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The so-called function-structure-dynamics paradigm established that a close relationship links the way biological molecules work (function), their 3-dimensional organization (structure) and the changes of this organization in time (dynamics), which characterize biomolecules as highly dynamic objects. A typical example of protein dynamics is provided by protein reactions with substrates: equilibrium thermal fluctuations of protein structure are necessary to allow the access of substrates to the active site, where the functional reaction occurs. Neutron scattering is a powerful technique to study equilibrium protein structural dynamics. The incoherent structure factor, which is dominant in neutron scattering from biological matter, is related to the time-position self correlation function of protein/solvent nuclei. Here the basic theory of neutron scattering and the principles of the technologies used to measure it are described. Some selected applications of neutron scattering for investigating the structural dynamics of biological molecules are also reviewed.
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184
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Dangi A, Balmik AA, Ghorpade AK, Gorantla NV, Sonawane SK, Chinnathambi S, Marelli UK. Residue-based propensity of aggregation in the Tau amyloidogenic hexapeptides AcPHF6* and AcPHF6. RSC Adv 2020; 10:27331-27335. [PMID: 35516938 PMCID: PMC9055513 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03809a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies, the aggregation of microtubule-associated protein, Tau, into fibrils occurs via the interaction of two hexapeptide motifs PHF* 275VQIINK280 and PHF 306VQIVYK311 as β-sheets. To understand the role of the constituent amino acids of PHF and PHF* in the aggregation, a set of 12 alanine mutant peptides was synthesized by replacing each amino acid in PHF and PHF* with alanine and they were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ThS/ANS fluorescence assay. Our studies show that while the aggregation was suppressed in most of the alanine mutant peptides, replacement of glutamine by alanine in both PHF and PHF* enhanced the fibrillization. In the alanine mutant peptides of AcPHF6* and AcPHF6, only the peptides with glutamine to alanine substitution show aggregation akin to that of the parent peptides.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Abha Dangi
- Central NMR Facility
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- 411008 Pune
- India
- Division of Organic Chemistry
| | - Abhishek Ankur Balmik
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- 110025 New Delhi
- India
- Neurobiology Group
- Division of Biochemical Sciences
| | - Archana Kisan Ghorpade
- Central NMR Facility
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- 411008 Pune
- India
- Division of Organic Chemistry
| | - Nalini Vijay Gorantla
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- 110025 New Delhi
- India
- Neurobiology Group
- Division of Biochemical Sciences
| | - Shweta Kishor Sonawane
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- 110025 New Delhi
- India
- Neurobiology Group
- Division of Biochemical Sciences
| | - Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- 110025 New Delhi
- India
- Neurobiology Group
- Division of Biochemical Sciences
| | - Udaya Kiran Marelli
- Central NMR Facility
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- 411008 Pune
- India
- Division of Organic Chemistry
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185
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Liu H, Zhong H, Xu Z, Zhang Q, Shah SJA, Liu H, Yao X. The misfolding mechanism of the key fragment R3 of tau protein: a combined molecular dynamics simulation and Markov state model study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:10968-10980. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06954b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
All-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation combined with Markov state model (MSM) were used to uncover the structural characteristics and misfolding mechanism of the key R3 fragment of tau protein at the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy
| | - Haiyang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Zerong Xu
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | | | | | - Huanxiang Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Xiaojun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
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186
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Papanikolopoulou K, Skoulakis EMC. Altered Proteostasis in Neurodegenerative Tauopathies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1233:177-194. [PMID: 32274757 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38266-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Tauopathies are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative dementias involving perturbations in the levels, phosphorylation or mutations of the neuronal microtubule-binding protein Tau. Tauopathies are characterized by accumulation of hyperphosphorylated Tau leading to formation of a range of aggregates including macromolecular ensembles such as Paired Helical filaments and Neurofibrilary Tangles whose morphology characterizes and differentiates these disease states. Why nonphysiological Tau proteins elude the surveillance normal proteostatic mechanisms and eventually form these macromolecular assemblies is a central mostly unresolved question of cardinal importance for diagnoses and potential therapeutic interventions. We discuss the response of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome system, autophagy and the Endoplasmic Reticulum-Unfolded Protein response in Tauopathy models and patients, revealing interactions of components of these systems with Tau, but also of the effects of pathological Tau on these systems which eventually lead to Tau aggregation and accumulation. These interactions point to potential disease biomarkers and future potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Papanikolopoulou
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | - Efthimios M C Skoulakis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece.
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187
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Quntanilla RA, Tapia-Monsalves C. The Role of Mitochondrial Impairment in Alzheimer´s Disease Neurodegeneration: The Tau Connection. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:1076-1091. [PMID: 32448104 PMCID: PMC7709157 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200525020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulative evidence has shown that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mitochondrial impairment actively contributes to the synaptic and cognitive failure that characterizes AD. The presence of soluble pathological forms of tau like hyperphosphorylated at Ser396 and Ser404 and cleaved at Asp421 by caspase 3, negatively impacts mitochondrial bioenergetics, transport, and morphology in neurons. These adverse effects against mitochondria health will contribute to the synaptic impairment and cognitive decline in AD. Current studies suggest that mitochondrial failure induced by pathological tau forms is likely the result of the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). mPTP is a mitochondrial mega-channel that is activated by increases in calcium and is associated with mitochondrial stress and apoptosis. This structure is composed of different proteins, where Ciclophilin D (CypD) is considered to be the primary mediator of mPTP activation. Also, new studies suggest that mPTP contributes to Aβ pathology and oxidative stress in AD. Further, inhibition of mPTP through the reduction of CypD expression prevents cognitive and synaptic impairment in AD mouse models. More importantly, tau protein contributes to the physiological regulation of mitochondria through the opening/interaction with mPTP in hippocampal neurons. Therefore, in this paper, we will discuss evidence that suggests an important role of pathological forms of tau against mitochondrial health. Also, we will discuss the possible role of mPTP in the mitochondrial impairment produced by the presence of tau pathology and its impact on synaptic function present in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A. Quntanilla
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carola Tapia-Monsalves
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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188
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Liu H, Zhong H, Liu X, Zhou S, Tan S, Liu H, Yao X. Disclosing the Mechanism of Spontaneous Aggregation and Template-Induced Misfolding of the Key Hexapeptide (PHF6) of Tau Protein Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:4810-4823. [PMID: 31661961 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein tau is critical for the development and maintenance of the nervous system. Tau dysfunction is associated with a variety of neurodegenerative diseases called tauopathies, which are characterized by neurofibrillary tangles formed by abnormally aggregated tau protein. Studying the aggregation mechanism of tau protein is of great significance for elucidating the etiology of tauopathies. The hexapeptide 306VQIVYK311 (PHF6) of R3 has been shown to play a vital role in promoting tau aggregation. In this study, long-term all-atom molecular dynamics simulations in explicit solvent were performed to investigate the mechanisms of spontaneous aggregation and template-induced misfolding of PHF6, and the dimerization at the early stage of nucleation was further specifically analyzed by the Markov state model (MSM). Our results show that PHF6 can spontaneously aggregate to form multimers enriched with β-sheet structure and the β-sheets in multimers prefer to exist in a parallel way. It is observed that PHF6 monomer can be induced to form a β-sheet structure on either side of the template but in a different way. In detail, the β-sheet structure is easier to form on the left side but does not extend well, but on the right side, the monomer can form the extended β-sheet structure. Furthermore, MSM analysis shows that the formation of dimer mainly occurs in three steps. First, the separated monomers collide with each other at random orientations, and then a dimer with short β-sheet structure at the N-terminal forms; finally, β-sheets elongate to form an extended parallel β-sheet dimer. During these processes, multiple intermediate states are identified and multiple paths can form a parallel β-sheet dimer from the disordered coil structure. Moreover, the residues I308, V309, and Y310 play an essential role in the dimerization. In a word, our results uncover the aggregation and misfolding mechanism of PHF6 from the atomic level, which can provide useful theoretical guidance for rational design of effective therapeutic drugs against tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shuangyan Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory on Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | | | | | - Xiaojun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
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189
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Wu PC, Fann MJ, Tran TT, Chen SC, Devina T, Cheng IHJ, Lien CC, Kao LS, Wang SJ, Fuh JL, Tzeng TT, Huang CY, Shiao YJ, Wong YH. Assessing the therapeutic potential of Graptopetalum paraguayense on Alzheimer's disease using patient iPSC-derived neurons. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19301. [PMID: 31848379 PMCID: PMC6917798 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and also one of the leading causes of death worldwide. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, and currently there is no drug treatment that can prevent or cure AD. Here, we have applied the advantages of using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons (iNs) from AD patients, which are able to offer human-specific drug responsiveness, in order to evaluate therapeutic candidates for AD. Using approach involving an inducible neurogenin-2 transgene, we have established a robust and reproducible protocol for differentiating human iPSCs into glutamatergic neurons. The AD-iN cultures that result have mature phenotypic and physiological properties, together with AD-like biochemical features that include extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation and Tau protein phosphorylation. By screening using a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) approach, Graptopetalum paraguayense (GP) has been identified as a potential therapeutic agent for AD from among a range of Chinese herbal medicines. We found that administration of a GP extract caused a significantly reduction in the AD-associated phenotypes of the iNs, including decreased levels of extracellular Aβ40 and Aβ42, as well as reduced Tau protein phosphorylation at positions Ser214 and Ser396. Additionally, the effect of GP was more prominent in AD-iNs compared to non-diseased controls. These findings provide valuable information that suggests moving extracts of GP toward drug development, either for treating AD or as a health supplement to prevent AD. Furthermore, our human iN-based platform promises to be a useful strategy when it is used for AD drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chun Wu
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Ming-Ji Fann
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC).,Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Tu Thanh Tran
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Shu-Cian Chen
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Tania Devina
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Irene Han-Juo Cheng
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC).,Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Cheng-Chang Lien
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC).,Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Lung-Sen Kao
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC).,Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Shuu-Jiun Wang
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC).,Division of General Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Jong-Ling Fuh
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC).,Division of General Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Tsai-Teng Tzeng
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Chi-Ying Huang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Young-Ji Shiao
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC). .,National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC).
| | - Yu-Hui Wong
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC).
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190
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Safinya CR, Chung PJ, Song C, Li Y, Miller HP, Choi MC, Raviv U, Ewert KK, Wilson L, Feinstein SC. Minireview - Microtubules and Tubulin Oligomers: Shape Transitions and Assembly by Intrinsically Disordered Protein Tau and Cationic Biomolecules. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:15970-15978. [PMID: 31539262 PMCID: PMC6988848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this minireview, which is part of a special issue in honor of Jacob N. Israelachvili's remarkable research career on intermolecular forces and interfacial science, we present studies of structures, phase behavior, and forces in reaction mixtures of microtubules (MTs) and tubulin oligomers with either intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) Tau, cationic vesicles, or the polyamine spermine (4+). Bare MTs consist of 13 protofilaments (PFs), on average, where each PF is made of a linear stack of αβ-tubulin dimers (i.e., tubulin oligomers). We begin with a series of experiments which demonstrate the flexibility of PFs toward shape changes in response to local environmental cues. First, studies show that MT-associated protein (MAP) Tau controls the diameter of microtubules upon binding to the outer surface, implying a shape change in the cross-sectional area of PFs forming the MT perimeter. The diameter of a MT may also be controlled by the charge density of a lipid bilayer membrane that coats the outer surface. We further describe an experimental study where it is unexpectedly found that the biologically relevant polyamine spermine (+4e) is able to depolymerize taxol-stabilized microtubules with efficiency that increases with decreasing temperature. This MT destabilization drives a dynamical structural transition where inside-out curving of PFs, during the depolymerization peeling process, is followed by reassembly of ring-like curved PF building blocks into an array of helical inverted tubulin tubules. We finally turn to a very recent study on pressure-distance measurements in bundles of MTs employing the small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)-osmotic pressure technique, which complements the surface-forces-apparatus technique developed by Jacob N. Israelachvili. These latter studies are among the very few which are beginning to shed light on the precise nature of the interactions between MTs mediated by MAP Tau in 37 °C reaction mixtures containing GTP and lacking taxol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus R. Safinya
- Materials Department, Physics Department, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Peter J. Chung
- James Franck Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Chaeyeon Song
- Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Youli Li
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Herbert P. Miller
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Myung Chul Choi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Uri Raviv
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Kai K. Ewert
- Materials Department, Physics Department, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Leslie Wilson
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Stuart C. Feinstein
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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191
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Prediction of AChE-ligand affinity using the umbrella sampling simulation. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 93:107441. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.107441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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192
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Evans LD, Wassmer T, Fraser G, Smith J, Perkinton M, Billinton A, Livesey FJ. Extracellular Monomeric and Aggregated Tau Efficiently Enter Human Neurons through Overlapping but Distinct Pathways. Cell Rep 2019; 22:3612-3624. [PMID: 29590627 PMCID: PMC5896171 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer’s disease, neurofibrillary tangle pathology appears to spread along neuronal connections, proposed to be mediated by the release and uptake of abnormal, disease-specific forms of microtubule-binding protein tau MAPT. It is currently unclear whether transfer of tau between neurons is a toxic gain-of-function process in dementia or reflects a constitutive biological process. We report two entry mechanisms for monomeric tau to human neurons: a rapid dynamin-dependent phase typical of endocytosis and a second, slower actin-dependent phase of macropinocytosis. Aggregated tau entry is independent of actin polymerization and largely dynamin dependent, consistent with endocytosis and distinct from macropinocytosis, the major route for aggregated tau entry reported for non-neuronal cells. Anti-tau antibodies abrogate monomeric tau entry into neurons, but less efficiently in the case of aggregated tau, where internalized tau carries antibody with it into neurons. These data suggest that tau entry to human neurons is a physiological process and not a disease-specific phenomenon. Extracellular tau protein enters human neurons by endocytosis and micropinocytosis Aggregated tau enters human neurons primarily by endocytosis Tau antibodies reduce uptake and are carried into neurons by tau Findings suggest that tau uptake is dependent on carrier proteins or receptors
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis D Evans
- Talisman Therapeutics, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK; Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Thomas Wassmer
- Talisman Therapeutics, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Graham Fraser
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience Innovative Medicines and Early Development, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK
| | - James Smith
- Talisman Therapeutics, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK; Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Michael Perkinton
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience Innovative Medicines and Early Development, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Andrew Billinton
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience Innovative Medicines and Early Development, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Frederick J Livesey
- Talisman Therapeutics, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK; Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK.
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193
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Differential activation of the mTOR/autophagy pathway predicts cognitive performance in APP/PS1 mice. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 83:105-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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194
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Liu G, Thangavel R, Rysted J, Kim Y, Francis MB, Adams E, Lin Z, Taugher RJ, Wemmie JA, Usachev YM, Lee G. Loss of tau and Fyn reduces compensatory effects of MAP2 for tau and reveals a Fyn-independent effect of tau on calcium. J Neurosci Res 2019; 97:1393-1413. [PMID: 31452242 PMCID: PMC6850396 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein tau associates with Src family tyrosine kinase Fyn and is tyrosine phosphorylated by Fyn. The presence of tyrosine phosphorylated tau in AD and the involvement of Fyn in AD has drawn attention to the tau-Fyn complex. In this study, a tau-Fyn double knockout (DKO) mouse was generated to investigate the role of the complex. DKO mice resembled Fyn KO in novel object recognition and contextual fear conditioning tasks and resembled tau KO mice in the pole test and protection from pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. In glutamate-induced Ca2+ response, Fyn KO was decreased relative to WT and DKO had a greater reduction relative to Fyn KO, suggesting that tau may have a Fyn-independent role. Since tau KO resembled WT in its Ca2+ response, we investigated whether microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) served to compensate for tau, since the MAP2 level was increased in tau KO but decreased in DKO mice. We found that like tau, MAP2 increased Fyn activity. Moreover, tau KO neurons had increased density of dendritic MAP2-Fyn complexes relative to WT neurons. Therefore, we hypothesize that in the tau KO, the absence of tau would be compensated by MAP2, especially in the dendrites, where tau-Fyn complexes are of critical importance. In the DKO, decreased levels of MAP2 made compensation more difficult, thus revealing the effect of tau in the Ca2+ response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghao Liu
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ramasamy Thangavel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jacob Rysted
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Yohan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Meghan B Francis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Eric Adams
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Zhihong Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Rebecca J Taugher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - John A Wemmie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Yuriy M Usachev
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Gloria Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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195
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Prokop S, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ. Neuroimmune interactions in Alzheimer's disease-New frontier with old challenges? PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 168:183-201. [PMID: 31699314 PMCID: PMC6939624 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The perceived role of the immune system in neurodegenerative diseases has undergone drastic changes over time. Initially considered as a passive bystander, then condemned as a mediator of neurodegeneration and now established as an important player in the pathogenetic cascade, neuroimmune interactions have come a long way to arrive center stage in Alzheimer's disease research. Despite major breakthroughs in recent years, basic questions remain unanswered as conflicting data describe immune overactivation, inadequate response or exhaustion of the immune system in neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, difficulties in translating in vitro and in vivo studies in model systems to the complex human disease condition with multiple overlapping pathologies and the long disease duration in patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases have hampered progress. Development of novel, advanced model systems, as well as new technologies to interrogate existing disease models and valuable collections of human tissue samples, including brain tissue in parallel with improved imaging and biomarker technologies are guiding the way to better understand the role of the immune system in Alzheimer's disease with hopes for more effective interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Prokop
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Virginia M Y Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, AD Center Core (ADCC), Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania (PENN), School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, AD Center Core (ADCC), Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania (PENN), School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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196
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Gorantla N, Landge VG, Nagaraju PG, Priyadarshini CG P, Balaraman E, Chinnathambi S. Molecular Cobalt(II) Complexes for Tau Polymerization in Alzheimer's Disease. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:16702-16714. [PMID: 31646215 PMCID: PMC6796896 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Tau is an axonal protein known to form abnormal aggregates and is the biomarker of Alzheimer's disease. Metal-based therapeutics for inhibition of Tau aggregation is limited and rarely reported in contemporary science. Here, we report the first example of rationally designed molecular cobalt(II)-complexes for effective inhibition of Tau and disaggregation of preformed Tau fibrils. The mechanistic studies reveal that prevention of Tau aggregation by cobalt-based metal complexes (CBMCs) is concentration-dependent and Tau seldom exhibits conformational changes. Interestingly, CBMCs play dual role in causing disassembly of preformed aggregates as well as inhibition of complete Tau aggregation. Furthermore, CBMCs were nontoxic and maintained the tubulin network intact. CBMCs also prevented okadaic acid-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells thus, preventing hyperphosphorylation of Tau. We believe that this unprecedented finding by the newly developed molecular complexes has a potential toward metal-based therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini
Vijay Gorantla
- Neurobiology
Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008 Pune, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative
Research (AcSIR), 411008 Pune, India
| | - Vinod G. Landge
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, 517507 Tirupati, India
| | - Pramod Gudigenahally Nagaraju
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative
Research (AcSIR), 411008 Pune, India
- Department
of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-CFTRI, 570020 Mysore, India
| | - Poornima Priyadarshini CG
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative
Research (AcSIR), 411008 Pune, India
- Department
of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-CFTRI, 570020 Mysore, India
| | - Ekambaram Balaraman
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, 517507 Tirupati, India
| | - Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Neurobiology
Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008 Pune, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative
Research (AcSIR), 411008 Pune, India
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197
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Baicalein suppresses Repeat Tau fibrillization by sequestering oligomers. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 675:108119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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198
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Kepp KP, Squitti R. Copper imbalance in Alzheimer’s disease: Convergence of the chemistry and the clinic. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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199
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Is brain iron trafficking part of the physiology of the amyloid precursor protein? J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 24:1171-1177. [PMID: 31578640 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01684-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein is so named, because a proteolytic fragment of it was found associated with a neuropathic disorder now known as Alzheimer's disease. This fragment, Aβ, along with tau makes up the plaques and tangles that are the hallmark of AD. Iron (and other first-row transition metals) is found associated with these proteinaceous deposits. Much research has focused on the relationship of the plaques and iron to the etiology of the disease. This commentary asks another question, one only more recently addressed namely, what is the physiologic function of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and of its secretase-generated soluble species? Overall, the data make clear that APP and its products have neurotrophic functions and some data indicate one of these may be to modulate the trafficking of iron in the brain.
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200
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Nosheny RL, Insel PS, Mattsson N, Tosun D, Buckley S, Truran D, Schuff N, Aisen PS, Weiner MW. Associations among amyloid status, age, and longitudinal regional brain atrophy in cognitively unimpaired older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 82:110-119. [PMID: 31437719 PMCID: PMC7198229 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to compare regional brain atrophy patterns in cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults with and without brain accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) to elucidate contributions of Aβ, age, and other variables to atrophy rates. In 80 CU participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, we determined effects of Aβ and age on longitudinal, regional atrophy rates, while accounting for confounding variables including sex, APOE ε4 genotype, white matter lesions, and cerebrospinal fluid total and phosphorylated tau levels. We not only found overlapping patterns of atrophy in Aβ+ versus Aβ- participants but also identified regions where atrophy pattern differed between the 2 groups. Higher Aβ load was associated with increased longitudinal atrophy in the entorhinal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus, even when accounting for age and other variables. Age was associated with atrophy in insula, fusiform gyrus, and isthmus cingulate, even when accounting for Aβ. We found age by Aβ interactions in the postcentral gyrus and lateral orbitofrontal cortex. These results elucidate the separate and related effects of age, Aβ, and other important variables on longitudinal brain atrophy rates in CU older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Nosheny
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, CA, USA.
| | - Philip S Insel
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Niklas Mattsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Duygu Tosun
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, CA, USA
| | - Shannon Buckley
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Diana Truran
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - N Schuff
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul S Aisen
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael W Weiner
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, CA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, CA, USA
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