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Watanabe J, Oki T, Takebayashi J, Takano-Ishikawa Y. Extraction Efficiency of Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Antioxidants from Lyophilized Foods Using Pressurized Liquid Extraction and Manual Extraction. J Food Sci 2014; 79:C1665-71. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Watanabe
- the Natl. Food Research Inst; Natl. Agriculture and Food Research Organization; 2-1-12 Kannondai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8642 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Oki
- the Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center; Natl. Agriculture and Food Research Organization; 2421 Suya Koshi Kumamoto 861-1192 Japan
| | - Jun Takebayashi
- the Natl. Inst. of Health and Nutrition; 1-23-1 Toyama Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8636 Japan
| | - Yuko Takano-Ishikawa
- the Natl. Food Research Inst; Natl. Agriculture and Food Research Organization; 2-1-12 Kannondai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8642 Japan
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Theruvathu JA, Darwanto A, Hsu CW, Sowers LC. The effect of Pot1 binding on the repair of thymine analogs in a telomeric DNA sequence. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:9063-73. [PMID: 25053838 PMCID: PMC4132724 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeric DNA can form duplex regions or single-stranded loops that bind multiple proteins, preventing it from being processed as a DNA repair intermediate. The bases within these regions are susceptible to damage; however, mechanisms for the repair of telomere damage are as yet poorly understood. We have examined the effect of three thymine (T) analogs including uracil (U), 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and 5-hydroxymethyluracil (5hmU) on DNA-protein interactions and DNA repair within the GGTTAC telomeric sequence. The replacement of T with U or 5FU interferes with Pot1 (Pot1pN protein of Schizosaccharomyces pombe) binding. Surprisingly, 5hmU substitution only modestly diminishes Pot1 binding suggesting that hydrophobicity of the T-methyl group likely plays a minor role in protein binding. In the GGTTAC sequence, all three analogs can be cleaved by DNA glycosylases; however, glycosylase activity is blocked if Pot1 binds. An abasic site at the G or T positions is cleaved by the endonuclease APE1 when in a duplex but not when single-stranded. Abasic site formation thermally destabilizes the duplex that could push a damaged DNA segment into a single-stranded loop. The inability to enzymatically cleave abasic sites in single-stranded telomere regions would block completion of the base excision repair cycle potentially causing telomere attrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Theruvathu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 3.330 Basic Science Building, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555-0617, USA
| | - Agus Darwanto
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 3.330 Basic Science Building, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555-0617, USA
| | - Chia Wei Hsu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 3.330 Basic Science Building, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555-0617, USA
| | - Lawrence C Sowers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 3.330 Basic Science Building, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555-0617, USA
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Han KT, Kim SJ, Song H, Chun SY, Kim CO, Kim JS, Park EC. Associations between Quality of Life and Marital Status in Cancer Patients and Survivors. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:5287-91. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.13.5287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Abstract
Genistein is known as the major component of isoflavone, which is present in high-soy diets. Genistein has received much attention because of its chemopreventive and therapeutic effects on various types of cancers. Numerous studies have shown that genistein has antineoplastic effects against ovarian cancer. Several epidemiological studies have shown that women who have high consumption of isoflavones have a relatively low incidence of ovarian cancer. Genistein inhibits ovarian carcinogenesis by pleiotropic mechanisms. A higher affinity to estrogen receptor β is one probable explanation for its ability to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer. Genistein also targets multiple cellular signal transduction pathways associated with cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. In addition, genistein has been suggested to have antiangiogenic and antioxidant activities. Herein, we summarize recent results from epidemiological and experimental studies to identify the role of genistein in ovarian cancer. Further studies are needed to achieve conclusive results and determine the clinical applications of genistein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Seung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sang Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea ; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea ; Major in Biomodulation, World Class University, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
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155
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Morton LM, Swerdlow AJ, Schaapveld M, Ramadan S, Hodgson DC, Radford J, van Leeuwen FE. Current knowledge and future research directions in treatment-related second primary malignancies. EJC Suppl 2014; 12:5-17. [PMID: 26217162 PMCID: PMC4250537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcsup.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, 17-19% of all new primary malignancies occur in survivors of cancer, causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Research has shown that cancer treatments are important contributors to second malignant neoplasm (SMN) risk. In this paper we summarise current knowledge with regard to treatment-related SMNs and provide recommendations for future research. We address the risks associated with radiotherapy and systemic treatments, modifying factors of treatment-related risks (genetic susceptibility, lifestyle) and the potential benefits of screening and interventions. Research priorities were identified during a workshop at the 2014 Cancer Survivorship Summit organised by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer. Recently, both systemic cancer treatments and radiotherapy approaches have evolved rapidly, with the carcinogenic potential of new treatments being unknown. Also, little knowledge is available about modifying factors of treatment-associated risk, such as genetic variants and lifestyle. Therefore, large prospective studies with biobanking, high quality treatment data (radiation dose-volume, cumulative drug doses), and data on other cancer risk factors are needed. International collaboration will be essential to have adequate statistical power for such investigations. While screening for SMNs is included in several follow-up guidelines for cancer survivors, its effectiveness in this special population has not been demonstrated. Research into the pathogenesis, tumour characteristics and survival of SMNs is essential, as well as the development of interventions to reduce SMN-related morbidity and mortality. Prediction models for SMN risk are needed to inform initial treatment decisions, balancing chances of cure and SMNs and to identify high-risk subgroups of survivors eligible for screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M. Morton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anthony J. Swerdlow
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Schaapveld
- Department of Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Safaa Ramadan
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium
| | - David C. Hodgson
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, and Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Radford
- The University of Manchester and The Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Flora E. van Leeuwen
- Department of Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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156
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Abo-Elmagd HI. Evaluation and optimization of antioxidant potentiality of Chaetomium madrasense AUMC 9376. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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157
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Brücher BL, Jamall IS. Epistemology of the origin of cancer: a new paradigm. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:331. [PMID: 24885752 PMCID: PMC4026115 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Carcinogenesis is widely thought to originate from somatic mutations and an inhibition of growth suppressors, followed by cell proliferation, tissue invasion, and risk of metastasis. Fewer than 10% of all cancers are hereditary; the ratio in gastric (1%), colorectal (3-5%) and breast (8%) cancers is even less. Cancers caused by infection are thought to constitute some 15% of the non-hereditary cancers. Those remaining, 70 to 80%, are called “sporadic,” because they are essentially of unknown etiology. We propose a new paradigm for the origin of the majority of cancers. Presentation of hypothesis Our paradigm postulates that cancer originates following a sequence of events that include (1) a pathogenic stimulus (biological or chemical) followed by (2) chronic inflammation, from which develops (3) fibrosis with associated changes in the cellular microenvironment. From these changes a (4) pre-cancerous niche develops, which triggers the deployment of (5) a chronic stress escape strategy, and when this fails to resolve, (6) a transition of a normal cell to a cancer cell occurs. If we are correct, this paradigm would suggest that the majority of the findings in cancer genetics so far reported are either late events or are epiphenomena that occur after the appearance of the pre-cancerous niche. Testing the hypothesis If, based on experimental and clinical findings presented here, this hypothesis is plausible, then the majority of findings in the genetics of cancer so far reported in the literature are late events or epiphenomena that could have occurred after the development of a PCN. Our model would make clear the need to establish preventive measures long before a cancer becomes clinically apparent. Future research should focus on the intermediate steps of our proposed sequence of events, which will enhance our understanding of the nature of carcinogenesis. Findings on inflammation and fibrosis would be given their warranted importance, with research in anticancer therapies focusing on suppressing the PCN state with very early intervention to detect and quantify any subclinical inflammatory change and to treat all levels of chronic inflammation and prevent fibrotic changes, and so avoid the transition from a normal cell to a cancer cell. Implication of the hypothesis The paradigm proposed here, if proven, spells out a sequence of steps, one or more of which could be interdicted or modulated early in carcinogenesis to prevent or, at a minimum, slow down the progression of many cancers.
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Gurel B, Lucia MS, Thompson IM, Goodman PJ, Tangen CM, Kristal AR, Parnes HL, Hoque A, Lippman SM, Sutcliffe S, Peskoe SB, Drake CG, Nelson WG, De Marzo AM, Platz EA. Chronic inflammation in benign prostate tissue is associated with high-grade prostate cancer in the placebo arm of the prostate cancer prevention trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:847-56. [PMID: 24748218 PMCID: PMC4012292 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation is hypothesized to influence prostate cancer development, although a definitive link has not been established. METHODS Prostate cancer cases (N = 191) detected on a for-cause (clinically indicated) or end-of-study (protocol directed) biopsy, and frequency-matched controls (N = 209), defined as negative for cancer on an end-of-study biopsy, were sampled from the placebo arm of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial. Inflammation prevalence and extent in benign areas of biopsy cores were visually assessed using digital images of hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations. RESULTS Of note, 86.2% of cases and 78.2% of controls had at least one biopsy core (of three assessed) with inflammation in benign areas, most of which was chronic. Men who had at least one biopsy core with inflammation had 1.78 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-3.06] times the odds of prostate cancer compared with men who had zero cores with inflammation. The association was stronger for high-grade disease (Gleason sum 7-10, N = 94; OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.06-4.71). These patterns were present when restricting to cases and controls in whom intraprostatic inflammation was the least likely to have influenced biopsy recommendation because their prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was low (<2 ng/mL at biopsy). CONCLUSION Inflammation, most of which was chronic, was common in benign prostate tissue, and was positively associated with prostate cancer, especially high grade. The association did not seem to be due to detection bias. IMPACT This study supports an etiologic link between inflammation and prostate carcinogenesis, and suggests an avenue for prevention by mitigating intraprostatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Gurel
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Ian M. Thompson
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Phyllis J. Goodman
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Catherine M. Tangen
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Alan R. Kristal
- Cancer Prevention Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Howard L. Parnes
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ashraful Hoque
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Scott M. Lippman
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Siobhan Sutcliffe
- Division of Public Health Sciences and the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Sarah B. Peskoe
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Charles G. Drake
- Department of Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - William G. Nelson
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Angelo M. De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Elizabeth A. Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
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159
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Tatsumi Y, Ishihara J, Morimoto A, Ohno Y, Watanabe S. Seasonal differences in total antioxidant capacity intake from foods consumed by a Japanese population. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 68:799-803. [PMID: 24736680 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES This cross-sectional study aimed to estimate total antioxidant capacity (TAC) intake from food and beverages in a Japanese population from 7-day seasonal dietary records. SUBJECTS/METHODS The 7-day weighed dietary records of 390 subjects over four seasons between 1996 and 1998 were used. The TAC values (μmol trolox equivalents (μmol TE)/g) of various foods and beverages were defined, as reported in previous studies for weighed dietary records, using several different methods. TAC values of foods were estimated in 242 food and beverage items: 86.5% of vegetables, 99.1% of fruits, 71.5% of potatoes, 96.7% of beans, and 100% of chocolates. Differences in TAC intake per day and intake (g) per day among seasons in each of the food and beverage group were compared using a general linear model for repeated measures. The TAC intake/day were calculated for each food and beverage item in the four seasons. RESULTS TAC intake/day (μmol TE/day) varied from 10 189 (summer) to 12 292 (winter). TAC intake/day from fruits (2696) and potatoes (395) was highest in autumn, from vegetables (2827) it was highest in summer and from beans (4151) and tea (2331) it was highest in winter. CONCLUSIONS The dietary habits of the studied Japanese population showed the highest antioxidant capacity in winter and the lowest in summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tatsumi
- Department of Mathematical Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - J Ishihara
- Department of Nutrition Science, Sagami Women's University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - A Morimoto
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Y Ohno
- Department of Mathematical Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Watanabe
- Life Science Promoting Association, Tokyo, Japan
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Strickertsson JAB, Desler C, Rasmussen LJ. Impact of bacterial infections on aging and cancer: impairment of DNA repair and mitochondrial function of host cells. Exp Gerontol 2014; 56:164-74. [PMID: 24704713 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The commensal floras that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract play critical roles in immune responses, energy metabolism, and even cancer prevention. Pathogenic and out of place commensal bacteria, can however have detrimental effects on the host, by introducing genomic instability and mitochondrial dysfunction, which are hallmarks of both aging and cancer. Helicobacter pylori and Enterococcus faecalis are bacteria of the gastrointestinal tract that have been demonstrated to affect these two hallmarks. These, and other bacteria, have been shown to decrease the transcription and translation of essential DNA repair subunits of major DNA repair pathways and increase production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Defects in DNA repair cause mutations and genomic instability and are found in several cancers as well as in progeroid syndromes. This review describes our contemporary view on how bacterial infections impact DNA repair and damage, and the consequence on the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. We argue that in the gastrointestinal tract, these mechanisms can contribute to tumorigenesis as well as cellular aging of the digestive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper A B Strickertsson
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Desler
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Juel Rasmussen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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161
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Oxidatively modified proteins in the serous subtype of ovarian carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:585083. [PMID: 24795885 PMCID: PMC3985143 DOI: 10.1155/2014/585083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Serous subtype of ovarian cancer is considered to originate from fallopian epithelium mucosa that has been exposed to physiological changes resulting from ovulation. Ovulation influences an increased in inflammation of epithelial ovarian cells as results of constant exposure of cells to ROS. The imbalance between ROS and antioxidant capacities, as well as a disruption of redox signaling, causes a wide range of damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids. This study applied spectrophotometric, dinitrophenylhydrazone (DNPH) assay, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and Western blot analyses to assess the levels of oxidatively modified proteins in 100 primary serous epithelial ovarian carcinoma and normal/surrounding tissues. These samples were obtained from 56 Caucasian and 44 African-American patients within the age range of 61 ± 10 years. Analyses showed that the levels of reactive protein carbonyl groups increased as stages progressed to malignancy. Additionally, the levels of protein carbonyls in serous ovarian carcinoma among African Americans are 40% (P < 0.05) higher relative to Caucasian at similar advanced stages. Results suggest that oxidative stress is involved in the modification of carbonyl protein groups, leading to increased aggressiveness of epithelial ovarian tumors and may contribute to the disease's invasiveness among African Americans.
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162
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Associations between SNPs within antioxidant genes and the risk of prostate cancer in the Siberian region of Russia. Pathol Oncol Res 2014; 20:635-40. [PMID: 24610081 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-014-9742-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we investigated the association of a number of polymorphic changes in antioxidant system genes (SNPs rs1050450 in the GPX1 gene, rs1695 and rs1138272 in the GSTP1 gene and rs4880 in the MnSOD gene) with the risk of prostate cancer. The association of disease stage and PSA levels with specific genotypes was also analyzed. A study was conducted with the participation of 736 Russian men. We compared the frequency of occurrence of the studied alleles in patients with prostate cancer (392) to a control group (344) of men without a history of cancer. Genotyping was performed by real-time PCR. Comparison of frequencies of alleles and genotypes were performed using logistic regression analysis. No statistically significant association with the risk of prostate cancer was found for any of the SNPs studied (p > 0.05). For SNP rs1695 in the GSTP1 gene, a correlation with cancer disease stage was observed: a GG genotype is significantly more common in patients with PCa in the 3rd and 4th stage than 1st and 2nd (OR[95%CI] = 2.66[1.15-6.18], p = 0.02). Both studied SNPs of GSTP1 gene are associated with the level of PSA: the GG rs1695 and the TT rs1138272 genotypes are associated with higher PSA levels (p = 1.5*10(-3)).
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163
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Radhakrishnan VM, Kojs P, Young G, Ramalingam R, Jagadish B, Mash EA, Martinez JD, Ghishan FK, Kiela PR. pTyr421 cortactin is overexpressed in colon cancer and is dephosphorylated by curcumin: involvement of non-receptor type 1 protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPN1). PLoS One 2014; 9:e85796. [PMID: 24465712 PMCID: PMC3899080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortactin (CTTN), first identified as a major substrate of the Src tyrosine kinase, actively participates in branching F-actin assembly and in cell motility and invasion. CTTN gene is amplified and its protein is overexpressed in several types of cancer. The phosphorylated form of cortactin (pTyr421) is required for cancer cell motility and invasion. In this study, we demonstrate that a majority of the tested primary colorectal tumor specimens show greatly enhanced expression of pTyr421-CTTN, but no change at the mRNA level as compared to healthy subjects, thus suggesting post-translational activation rather than gene amplification in these tumors. Curcumin (diferulolylmethane), a natural compound with promising chemopreventive and chemosensitizing effects, reduced the indirect association of cortactin with the plasma membrane protein fraction in colon adenocarcinoma cells as measured by surface biotinylation, mass spectrometry, and Western blotting. Curcumin significantly decreased the pTyr421-CTTN in HCT116 cells and SW480 cells, but was ineffective in HT-29 cells. Curcumin physically interacted with PTPN1 tyrosine phosphatases to increase its activity and lead to dephosphorylation of pTyr421-CTTN. PTPN1 inhibition eliminated the effects of curcumin on pTyr421-CTTN. Transduction with adenovirally-encoded CTTN increased migration of HCT116, SW480, and HT-29. Curcumin decreased migration of HCT116 and SW480 cells which highly express PTPN1, but not of HT-29 cells with significantly reduced endogenous expression of PTPN1. Curcumin significantly reduced the physical interaction of CTTN and pTyr421-CTTN with p120 catenin (CTNND1). Collectively, these data suggest that curcumin is an activator of PTPN1 and can reduce cell motility in colon cancer via dephosphorylation of pTyr421-CTTN which could be exploited for novel therapeutic approaches in colon cancer therapy based on tumor pTyr421-CTTN expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayababu M. Radhakrishnan
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Pawel Kojs
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Gavin Young
- Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Rajalakshmy Ramalingam
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Bhumasamudram Jagadish
- Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Eugene A. Mash
- Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | | | - Fayez K. Ghishan
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Pawel R. Kiela
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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165
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White M, Cohen J, Hummel C, Burky R, Cruz A, Farias-Eisner R. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Ovarian Cancer. Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405205-5.00005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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166
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Sowers JL, Johnson KM, Conrad C, Patterson JT, Sowers LC. The role of inflammation in brain cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 816:75-105. [PMID: 24818720 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0837-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Malignant brain tumors are among the most lethal of human tumors, with limited treatment options currently available. A complex array of recurrent genetic and epigenetic changes has been observed in gliomas that collectively result in derangements of common cell signaling pathways controlling cell survival, proliferation, and invasion. One important determinant of gene expression is DNA methylation status, and emerging studies have revealed the importance of a recently identified demethylation pathway involving 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). Diminished levels of the modified base 5hmC is a uniform finding in glioma cell lines and patient samples, suggesting a common defect in epigenetic reprogramming. Within the tumor microenvironment, infiltrating immune cells increase oxidative DNA damage, likely promoting both genetic and epigenetic changes that occur during glioma evolution. In this environment, glioma cells are selected that utilize multiple metabolic changes, including changes in the metabolism of the amino acids glutamate, tryptophan, and arginine. Whereas altered metabolism can promote the destruction of normal tissues, glioma cells exploit these changes to promote tumor cell survival and to suppress adaptive immune responses. Further understanding of these metabolic changes could reveal new strategies that would selectively disadvantage tumor cells and redirect host antitumor responses toward eradication of these lethal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Sowers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA
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Isolation, Characterization, and Biological Activities of Polysaccharides from Medicinal Plants and Mushrooms. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63281-4.00005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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169
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Nelson WG, Demarzo AM, Yegnasubramanian S. The diet as a cause of human prostate cancer. Cancer Treat Res 2014; 159:51-68. [PMID: 24114474 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-38007-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asymptomatic prostate inflammation and prostate cancer have reached epidemic proportions among men in the developed world. Animal model studies implicate dietary carcinogens, such as the heterocyclic amines from over-cooked meats and sex steroid hormones, particularly estrogens, as candidate etiologies for prostate cancer. Each acts by causing epithelial cell damage, triggering an inflammatory response that can evolve into a chronic or recurrent condition. This milieu appears to spawn proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) lesions, a type of focal atrophy that represents the earliest of prostate cancer precursor lesions. Rare PIA lesions contain cells which exhibit high c-Myc expression, shortened telomere segments, and epigenetic silencing of genes such as GSTP1, encoding the π-class glutathione S-transferase, all characteristic of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and prostate cancer. Subsequent genetic changes, such as the gene translocations/deletions that generate fusion transcripts between androgen-regulated genes (such as TMPRSS2) and genes encoding ETS family transcription factors (such as ERG1), arise in PIN lesions and may promote invasiveness characteristic of prostatic adenocarcinoma cells. Lethal prostate cancers contain markedly corrupted genomes and epigenomes. Epigenetic silencing, which seems to arise in response to the inflamed microenvironment generated by dietary carcinogens and/or estrogens as part of an epigenetic "catastrophe" affecting hundreds of genes, persists to drive clonal evolution through metastatic dissemination. The cause of the initial epigenetic "catastrophe" has not been determined but likely involves defective chromatin structure maintenance by over-exuberant DNA methylation or histone modification. With dietary carcinogens and estrogens driving pro-carcinogenic inflammation in the developed world, it is tempting to speculate that dietary components associated with decreased prostate cancer risk, such as intake of fruits and vegetables, especially tomatoes and crucifers, might act to attenuate the ravages of the chronic or recurrent inflammatory processes. Specifically, nutritional agents might prevent PIA lesions or reduce the propensity of PIA lesions to suffer "catastrophic" epigenome corruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Nelson
- Departments of Oncology, Pathology, and Urology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Weinberg Bldg 1100, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA,
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170
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Mood C. Life-style and self-rated global health in Sweden: a prospective analysis spanning three decades. Prev Med 2013; 57:802-6. [PMID: 24041976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the relations between lifestyle factors (smoking, drinking, exercise, vegetable consumption, social relations) and global self-rated health in the adult Swedish population. METHOD The data come from the Swedish Level of Living Survey, a face-to-face panel study. The analysis follows the respondents with good health in 1991 (N=4035) and uses multivariate logistic regression to assess the relations between lifestyle factors in 1991 and health in 2000 and 2010. RESULTS Baseline (1991) exercise, social support, smoking and vegetable consumption are associated with health in 2000 and/or 2010. 2000: Weekly exercise in 1991 increases the probability of good health by 6 percentage points [95% CI: 1-10] compared to no exercise, and smoking 10 or more cigarettes a day decreases the probability of good health by 5 percentage points [95% CI 1-8]. Lacking social support decreases the probability of good health by 17 percentage points (95% CI: 9-25). 2010: Smoking 10 or more cigarettes a day decreases the probability of good health by 10 percentage points [95% CI 5-15], and eating vegetables every day increases the probability of good health by 4 percentage points [95% CI 0.2-7]. CONCLUSIONS Exercise, smoking, social support and vegetable consumption are related to self-rated health 2000 and/or 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Mood
- Institute for Futures Studies, Sweden Swedish Institute for Social Research, Stockholm University, Sweden.
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171
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Song B, Pan S, Tang C, Li D, Rusling JF. Voltammetric microwell array for oxidized guanosine in intact ds-DNA. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11061-7. [PMID: 24164630 PMCID: PMC3856883 DOI: 10.1021/ac402736q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress in humans causes damage to biomolecules by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). DNA can be oxidatively damaged by ROS, which may lead to carcinogenesis. Here we report a microfluidic electrochemical array designed to rapidly detect oxidation in intact DNA in replicate measurements. Sensor arrays were fabricated by wet-chemistry patterning of gold compact discs. The eight-sensor array is incorporated into a 60 μL microfluidic channel connected to a pump and sample valve. The array features 7 nm thick osmium bipyridyl poly(vinylpyridine) chloride [Os(bpy)2(PVP)10Cl](+) films assembled layer-by-layer with polyions onto the gold sensors. 8-Hydroxy-7,8-hydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) is selectively oxidized by [Os(bpy)2(PVP)10Cl](+) in intact ds-DNA to provide catalytic square wave voltammograms (SWV). The device is easy-to-use, fast, inexpensive, reusable, and can detect one 8-oxodG per 6600 nucleobases. The mass detection limit is 150-fold lower than a previously reported dip-and-read voltammetric sensor for oxidized DNA. Fast assays (<1 min) and moderate sample consumption (15 pmol DNA) suggest potential for research and clinical applications. Practical use is illustrated by detecting DNA oxidation from cigarette smoke and ash extracts in dispersions with NADPH and Cu(2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Boya Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut , Storrs, CT 06269, United States
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172
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Theruvathu JA, Yin YW, Pettitt BM, Sowers LC. Comparison of the structural and dynamic effects of 5-methylcytosine and 5-chlorocytosine in a CpG dinucleotide sequence. Biochemistry 2013; 52:8590-8. [PMID: 24147911 DOI: 10.1021/bi400980c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation-mediated reactive molecules can result in an array of oxidized and halogenated DNA-damage products, including 5-chlorocytosine ((Cl)C). Previous studies have shown that (Cl)C can mimic 5-methylcytosine ((m)C) and act as a fraudulent epigenetic signal, promoting the methylation of previously unmethylated DNA sequences. Although the 5-halouracils are good substrates for base-excision repair, no repair activity has yet been identified for (Cl)C. Because of the apparent biochemical similarities of (m)C and (Cl)C, we have investigated the effects of (m)C and (Cl)C substitution on oligonucleotide structure and dynamics. In this study, we have constructed oligonucleotide duplexes containing C, (Cl)C, and (m)C within a CpG dinucleotide. The thermal and thermodynamic stability of these duplexes were found to be experimentally indistinguishable. Crystallographic structures of duplex oligonucleotides containing (m)C or (Cl)C were determined to 1.2 and 1.9 Å resolution, respectively. Both duplexes are B-form and are superimposable on a previously determined structure of a cytosine-containing duplex with a rmsd of approximately 0.25 Å. NMR solution studies indicate that all duplexes containing cytosine or the cytosine analogues are normal B-form and that no structural perturbations are observed surrounding the site of each substitution. The magnitude of the base-stacking-induced upfield shifts for nonexchangeable base proton resonances are similar for each of the duplexes examined, indicating that neither (m)C nor (Cl)C significantly alter base-stacking interactions. The (Cl)C analogue is paired with G in an apparently normal geometry; however, the G-imino proton of the (Cl)C-G base pair resonates to higher field relative to (m)C-G or C-G, indicating a weaker imino hydrogen bond. Using selective ¹⁵N-enrichment and isotope-edited NMR, we observe that the amino group of (Cl)C rotates at roughly half of the rate of the corresponding amino groups of the C-G and (m)C-G base pairs. The altered chemical shifts of hydrogen-bonding proton resonances for the (Cl)C-G base pair as well as the slower rotation of the (Cl)C amino group can be attributed to the electron-withdrawing inductive property of the 5-chloro substituent. The apparent similarity of duplexes containing (m)C and (Cl)C demonstrated here is in accord with results of previous biochemical studies and further suggests that (Cl)C is likely to be an unusually persistent form of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Theruvathu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch , 3.330 Basic Science Building, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
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Uchiyama S, Tomizawa T, Inaba Y, Kunugita N. Simultaneous determination of volatile organic compounds and carbonyls in mainstream cigarette smoke using a sorbent cartridge followed by two-step elution. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1314:31-7. [PMID: 24054423 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We developed a simple method for the simultaneous determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and carbonyls in the mainstream cigarette smoke using a sorbent cartridge at ambient temperature without the traditional cryogenic impinger. A sorbent cartridge is installed between intake filter and the pump of the smoking machine. Collection of cigarette mainstream smoke is performed according to the Canadian Intense regime or the ISO regime. As adsorbent, Carboxen 572 (CX-572) is the most suitable for collection of VOCs and carbonyls in the mainstream cigarette smoke. Elution of VOCs and carbonyls from CX-572 is performed by the two-step elution with carbon disulfide and methanol. VOCs are eluted by first elution with carbon disulfide and carbonyls are eluted by second elution with methanol. For VOCs, a portion of eluate is analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. For carbonyls, a portion of eluate is derivatized with enriched 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine solution and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Measurement values by CX-572 cartridge method are very close to those obtained by traditional impinger method except for 2-butanone. Impinger methods use 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine solution containing 50% water and 2-butanone-DNPhydrazone may be hydrolyzed with water. In the CX-572 method, the hydrolysis of 2-butanone is prevented because the eluate solution contains no water. CX-572 method can measure cigarette smoke resulting from not only one whole cigarette but also from one puff volume because of its high sensitivity and simple operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehisa Uchiyama
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6, Minami, Wako City, Saitama 351-0197, Japan.
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Zhang Z, Wang J, He J, Zheng Z, Zeng X, Zhang C, Ye J, Zhang Y, Zhong N, Lu W. Genetic variants in MUC4 gene are associated with lung cancer risk in a Chinese population. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77723. [PMID: 24204934 PMCID: PMC3804582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin MUC4, which is encoded by the MUC4 gene, plays an important role in epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. Aberrant MUC4 overexpression is associated with invasive tumor proliferation and poor outcome in epithelial cancers. Collectively, the existing evidence suggests that MUC4 has tumor-promoter functions. In this study, we performed a case-control study of 1,048 incident lung cancer cases and 1,048 age- and sex frequency-matched cancer-free controls in a Chinese population to investigate the role of MUC4 gene polymorphism in lung cancer etiology. We identified nine SNPs that were significantly associated with increased lung cancer risk (P = 0.0425 for rs863582, 0.0333 for rs842226, 0.0294 for rs842225, 0.0010 for rs2550236, 0.0149 for rs2688515, 0.0191 for rs 2641773, 0.0058 for rs3096337, 0.0077 for rs859769, and 0.0059 for rs842461 in an additive model). Consistent with these single-locus analysis results, the haplotype analyses revealed an adverse effect of the haplotype “GGC” of rs3096337, rs859769, and rs842461 on lung cancer. Both the haplotype and diplotype “CTGAGC” of rs863582, rs842226, rs2550236, rs842225, and rs2688515 had an adverse effect on lung cancer, which is also consistent with the single-locus analysis. Moreover, we observed statistically significant interactions for rs863582 and rs842461 in heavy smokers. Our results suggest that MUC4 gene polymorphisms and their interaction with smoking may contribute to lung cancer etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianxing He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zeguang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiansheng Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Chenting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinmei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenju Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail:
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Pirinççi N, Kaba M, Geçit İ, Güneş M, Yüksel MB, Tanık S, Arslan A, Demir H. Serum prolidase activity, oxidative stress, and antioxidant enzyme levels in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 32:193-9. [PMID: 24081636 DOI: 10.1177/0748233713498924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prolidase is a member of the matrix metalloproteinase family. It plays a vital role in collagen turnover, matrix remodeling, and cell growth. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancers. Oxidative stress can cause tumor angiogenesis and may be carcinogenic. However, the relationship between antioxidant capacity and various cancers has been researched in several clinical trials. In our study, we aimed to identify serum prolidase activity, oxidative stress, and antioxidant enzyme levels in patients with renal tumors and to evaluate their relationships with each other. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 37 male patients with renal cell cancer and with a mean age of 56.28 ± 3.1 were included in the study. The control group comprising 36 male patients (mean age 56.31 ± 2.9) was randomly selected among the volunteers. Serum samples for measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and prolidase levels were kept at -20°C until they were used. RESULTS Serum prolidase activity and MDA levels were significantly higher in renal cancer patients than in controls (all, p < 0.05), while SOD, GSHPx, and GST levels were significantly lower (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that increased prolidase seems to be related to increased oxidative stress along with decreased antioxidant levels in renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necip Pirinççi
- Department of Urology, Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kaba
- Van Training and Research Hospital, Urology Clinic, Van, Turkey
| | - İlhan Geçit
- Department of Urology, Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Güneş
- Department of Urology, Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | | | - Serhat Tanık
- Department of Urology, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Arslan
- Department of Chemistry, Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Halit Demir
- Department of Chemistry, Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
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Pandya NB, Tigari P, Dupadahalli K, Kamurthy H, Nadendla RR. Antitumor and antioxidant status of Terminalia catappa against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in Swiss albino mice. Indian J Pharmacol 2013; 45:464-9. [PMID: 24130380 PMCID: PMC3793516 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.117754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antitumor and antioxidant status of ethanol extract of Terminalia catappa leaves against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss albino mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The leaves powder was extracted with Soxhlet apparatus and subjected to hot continuous percolation using ethanol (95% v/v). Tumor bearing animals was treated with 50 and 200 mg/kg of ethanol extract. EAC induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of EAC cells 1 × 10(6) cells/mice. The study was assed using life span of EAC-bearing hosts, hematological parameters, volume of solid tumor mass and status of antioxidant enzymes such as lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. Total phenolics and flavonoids contents from the leaves extract were also determined. RESULTS Total phenolics and flavonoids contents from the leaves extract were found 354.02 and 51.67 mg/g extract. Oral administration of ethanol extract of T. catappa (50 and 200 mg/kg) increased the life span (27.82% and 60.59%), increased peritoneal cell count (8.85 ± 0.20 and 10.37 ± 0.26) and significantly decreased solid tumor mass (1.16 ± 0.14 cm(2)) at 200 mg/kg as compared with EAC-tumor bearing mice (P < 0.01). Hematological profile including red blood cell count, white blood cell count, hemoglobin (11.91 ± 0.47 % g) and protein estimation were found to be nearly normal levels in extract-treated mice compared with tumor bearing control mice. Treatment with T. catappa significantly decreased levels of LPO and GSH, and increased levels of SOD and CAT activity (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION T. catappa exhibited antitumor effect by modulating LPO and augmenting antioxidant defense systems in EAC bearing mice. The phenolic and flavonoid components in this extract may be responsible for antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naitik B. Pandya
- Department of Pharmacology, Acharya & B.M. Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prakash Tigari
- Department of Pharmacology, Acharya & B.M. Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kotresha Dupadahalli
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Hemalatha Kamurthy
- Department of Pharmacology, Acharya & B.M. Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rama Rao Nadendla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
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177
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In vitro bioactivity and phytochemical screening of selected spices used in Mauritian foods. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(13)60066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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178
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El-Yazbi AF, Loppnow GR. Terbium fluorescence as a sensitive, inexpensive probe for UV-induced damage in nucleic acids. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 786:116-23. [PMID: 23790300 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Much effort has been focused on developing methods for detecting damaged nucleic acids. However, almost all of the proposed methods consist of multi-step procedures, are limited, require expensive instruments, or suffer from a high level of interferences. In this paper, we present a novel simple, inexpensive, mix-and-read assay that is generally applicable to nucleic acid damage and uses the enhanced luminescence due to energy transfer from nucleic acids to terbium(III) (Tb(3+)). Single-stranded oligonucleotides greatly enhance the Tb(3+) emission, but duplex DNA does not. With the use of a DNA hairpin probe complementary to the oligonucleotide of interest, the Tb(3+)/hairpin probe is applied to detect ultraviolet (UV)-induced DNA damage. The hairpin probe hybridizes only with the undamaged DNA. However, the damaged DNA remains single-stranded and enhances the intrinsic fluorescence of Tb(3+), producing a detectable signal directly proportional to the amount of DNA damage. This allows the Tb(3+)/hairpin probe to be used for sensitive quantification of UV-induced DNA damage. The Tb(3+)/hairpin probe showed superior selectivity to DNA damage compared to conventional molecular beacons probes (MBs) and its sensitivity is more than 2.5 times higher than MBs with a limit of detection of 4.36±1.2 nM. In addition, this probe is easier to synthesize and more than eight times cheaper than MBs, which makes its use recommended for high-throughput, quantitative analysis of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira F El-Yazbi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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179
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El-Yazbi AF, Loppnow GR. A selective, inexpensive probe for UV-induced damage in nucleic acids. CAN J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2012-0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Absorption of UV light by nucleic acids can result in the formation of molecular lesions in DNA and RNA, leading to mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, and cell death. In this work, hairpin oligonucleotide probes, which have previously been shown to be selective for DNA damage, are used. The hypochromic effect, which arises from the formation of the target–hairpin hybrid when there is no damage, is used to measure the amount of UV damage by measuring the amount of single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides. With accumulated UV exposure, the target–hairpin hybrid concentration decreases and the absorbance increases, enabling detection of UV-induced DNA damage. Our results show that the selectivity for DNA damage of the hypochromism probe is comparable with the molecular beacon probes, detecting between one and three lesions in an oligonucleotide. In addition, this probe is more than 10 times cheaper than molecular beacon probes. However, it shows lower sensitivity to DNA damage. This makes its use recommended for high-throughput, qualitative analysis of DNA damage. This introduces a simple, fast, mix-and-read assay for the detection of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira F. El-Yazbi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Glen R. Loppnow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
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Raman M, Ambalam P, Kondepudi KK, Pithva S, Kothari C, Patel AT, Purama RK, Dave J, Vyas B. Potential of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics for management of colorectal cancer. Gut Microbes 2013; 4:181-92. [PMID: 23511582 PMCID: PMC3669163 DOI: 10.4161/gmic.23919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality and is the fourth most common malignant neoplasm in USA. Escaping apoptosis and cell mutation are the prime hallmarks of cancer. It is apparent that balancing the network between DNA damage and DNA repair is critical in preventing carcinogenesis. One-third of cancers might be prevented by nutritious healthy diet, maintaining healthy weight and physical activity. In this review, an attempt is made to abridge the role of carcinogen in colorectal cancer establishment and prognosis, where special attention has been paid to food-borne mutagens and functional role of beneficial human gut microbiome in evading cancer. Further the significance of tailor-made prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics in cancer management by bio-antimutagenic and desmutagenic activity has been elaborated. Probiotic bacteria are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a healthy benefit on the host. Prebiotics are a selectively fermentable non-digestible oligosaccharide or ingredient that brings specific changes, both in the composition and/or activity of the gastrointestinal microflora, conferring health benefits. Synbiotics are a combination of probiotic bacteria and the growth promoting prebiotic ingredients that purport "synergism."
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Raman
- Department of Biotechnology; Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Bioengineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Chennai, India
| | - Padma Ambalam
- Department of Biotechnology; Christ College; Rajkot, India,Correspondence to: Padma Ambalam,
| | | | - Sheetal Pithva
- Department of Biosciences; Saurashtra University; Rajkot, India
| | - Charmy Kothari
- Department of Biotechnology; Christ College; Rajkot, India
| | - Arti T. Patel
- SMC College of Dairy Science; Anand Agricultural University; Anand, India
| | | | | | - B.R.M. Vyas
- Department of Biosciences; Saurashtra University; Rajkot, India
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Evidence for a pro-proliferative feedback loop in prostate cancer: the role of Epac1 and COX-2-dependent pathways. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63150. [PMID: 23646189 PMCID: PMC3640024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In human prostate cancer cells, a selective Epac agonist, 8-CPT-2Me-cAMP, upregulates cell proliferation and survival via activation of Ras-MAPK and PI- 3-kinase-Akt-mTOR signaling cascades. Here we examine the role of inflammatory mediators in Epac1-induced cellular proliferation by determining the expression of the pro-inflammatory markers p-cPLA2, COX-2, and PGE2 in prostate cancer cells treated with 8-CPT-2Me-cAMP. Methods We employed inhibitors of COX-2, mTORC1, and mTORC2 to probe cyclic AMP-dependent pathways in human prostate cancer cells. RNAi targeting Epac1, Raptor, and Rictor was also employed in these studies. Results 8-CPT-2Me-cAMP treatment caused a 2–2.5-fold increase of p-cPLA2S505, COX-2, and PGE2 levels in human prostate cancer cell lines. Pretreatment of cells with the COX-2 inhibitor SC-58125 or the EP4 antagonist AH-23848, or with an inhibitor of mTORC1 and mTORC2, Torin1, significantly reduced the Epac1-dependent increase of p-cPLA2 and COX-2, p-S6-kinaseT389, and p-AKTS473. In addition, Epac1-induced protein and DNA synthesis were greatly reduced upon pretreatment of cells with either COX-2, EP4, or mTOR inhibitors. Transfection of prostate cancer cells with Epac1 dsRNA, Raptor dsRNA, or Rictor dsRNA profoundly reduced Epac1-dependent increases in p-cPLA2 and COX-2. Conclusion We show that Epac1, a downstream effector of cAMP, functions as a pro-inflammatory modulator in prostate cancer cells and promotes cell proliferation and survival by upregulating Ras-MAPK, and PI 3-kinase-Akt-mTOR signaling.
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El-Yazbi AF, Loppnow GR. Chimeric RNA–DNA Molecular Beacons for Quantification of Nucleic Acids, Single Nucleotide Polymophisms, and Nucleic Acid Damage. Anal Chem 2013; 85:4321-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac301669y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amira F. El-Yazbi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Glen R. Loppnow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
T6G 2G2 Canada
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183
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Maity S, Chatterjee S, Variyar PS, Sharma A, Adhikari S, Mazumder S. Evaluation of antioxidant activity and characterization of phenolic constituents of Phyllanthus amarus root. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:3443-3450. [PMID: 23458355 DOI: 10.1021/jf3046686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant property of the 70% aqueous ethanol extract of Phyllanthus amarus roots and its ether-soluble, ethyl acetate-soluble, and aqueous fractions were investigated by various in vitro assays. The root extracts showed higher DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide, and nitric oxide radical scavenging and reducing power activity. Among all the samples, the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction demonstrated highest radical scavenging activity and total phenolics content. Twenty-eight different phenolic compounds were identified by LCMS/MS analysis of the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction. The majority of the compounds were found to exist as their glycosides, and many of these were gallic acid derivatives. Free epicatechin and gallic acid were also identified in the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction. The present investigation suggested that P. amarus root is a potent antioxidant and can be used for the prevention of diseases related to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Maity
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata-700019, India
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184
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Sinha K, Das J, Pal PB, Sil PC. Oxidative stress: the mitochondria-dependent and mitochondria-independent pathways of apoptosis. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:1157-80. [PMID: 23543009 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1168] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress basically defines a condition in which prooxidant-antioxidant balance in the cell is disturbed; cellular biomolecules undergo severe oxidative damage, ultimately compromising cells viability. In recent years, a number of studies have shown that oxidative stress could cause cellular apoptosis via both the mitochondria-dependent and mitochondria-independent pathways. Since these pathways are directly related to the survival or death of various cell types in normal as well as pathophysiological situations, a clear picture of these pathways for various active molecules in their biological functions would help designing novel therapeutic strategy. This review highlights the basic mechanisms of ROS production and their sites of formation; detail mechanism of both mitochondria-dependent and mitochondria-independent pathways of apoptosis as well as their regulation by ROS. Emphasis has been given on the redox-sensitive ASK1 signalosome and its downstream JNK pathway. This review also describes the involvement of oxidative stress under various environmental toxin- and drug-induced organ pathophysiology and diabetes-mediated apoptosis. We believe that this review would provide useful information about the most recent progress in understanding the mechanism of oxidative stress-mediated regulation of apoptotic pathways. It will also help to figure out the complex cross-talks between these pathways and their modulations by oxidative stress. The literature will also shed a light on the blind alleys of this field to be explored. Finally, readers would know about the ROS-regulated and apoptosis-mediated organ pathophysiology which might help to find their probable remedies in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Sinha
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Calcutta 700054, West Bengal, India
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185
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Changes in antioxidant capacity of blood due to mutual action of electromagnetic field (1800MHz) and opioid drug (tramadol) in animal model of persistent inflammatory state. Pharmacol Rep 2013; 65:421-8. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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186
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Anthropometric characteristics and risk of lymphoid and myeloid leukemia in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Cancer Causes Control 2013; 24:427-38. [PMID: 23288400 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-012-0128-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Elkahwaji JE. The role of inflammatory mediators in the development of prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. Res Rep Urol 2012; 5:1-10. [PMID: 24400229 PMCID: PMC3826944 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s23386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer remain the most prevalent urologic health concerns affecting elderly men in their lifetime. Only 20% of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer cases coexist in the same zone of the prostate and require a long time for initiation and progression. While the pathogenesis of both diseases is not fully understood, benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer are thought to have a multifactorial etiology, their incidence and prevalence are indeed affected by age and hormones, and they are associated with chronic prostatic inflammation. At least 20% of all human malignancies arise in a tissue microenvironment dominated by chronic or recurrent inflammation. In prostate malignancy, chronic inflammation is an extremely common histopathologic finding; its origin remains a subject of debate and may in fact be multifactorial. Emerging insights suggest that prostate epithelium damage potentially inflicted by multiple environmental factors such as infectious agents, dietary carcinogens, and hormones triggers procarcinogenic inflammatory processes and promotes cell transformation and disease development. Also, the coincidence of chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis in the peripheral zone has recently been linked by studies identifying so-called proliferative inflammatory atrophy as a possible precursor of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate cancer. This paper will discuss the available evidence suggesting that chronic inflammation may be involved in the development and progression of chronic prostatic disease, although a direct causal role for chronic inflammation or infection in prostatic carcinogenesis has yet to be established in humans. Further basic and clinical research in the area, trying to understand the etiology of prostatic inflammation and its signaling pathway may help to identify new therapeutic targets and novel preventive strategies for reducing the risk of developing benign and malignant tumors of the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johny E Elkahwaji
- Section of Urologic Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA ; Section of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA ; Genitourinary Oncology Research Laboratory, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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189
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ZOU ZY, WANG Y, DING HY, WU LP, CHEN SM, JIANG T, GUO F, ZHANG HY, CHEN X, ZHANG QP, ZHANG CY, ZENG K. miR-30a Enriched Colostrum-Fraction Can Inhibit The DDP-induced Autophagy of HeLa Cells and Promote The Tumor Shrink*. PROG BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1206.2011.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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190
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Mishra A, Liu S, Sams GH, Curphey DP, Santhanam R, Rush LJ, Schaefer D, Falkenberg LG, Sullivan L, Jaroncyk L, Yang X, Fisk H, Wu LC, Chandler JC, Wu YZ, Heerema NA, Chan KK, Perrotti D, Zhang J, Porcu P, Racke FK, Garzon R, Lee RJ, Marcucci G, Caligiuri MA. Aberrant overexpression of IL-15 initiates large granular lymphocyte leukemia through chromosomal instability and DNA hypermethylation. Cancer Cell 2012; 22:645-55. [PMID: 23153537 PMCID: PMC3627362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
How inflammation causes cancer is unclear. Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine elevated in human large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia. Mice overexpressing IL-15 develop LGL leukemia. Here, we show that prolonged in vitro exposure of wild-type (WT) LGL to IL-15 results in Myc-mediated upregulation of aurora kinases, centrosome aberrancies, and aneuploidy. Simultaneously, IL-15 represses miR-29b via induction of Myc/NF-κBp65/Hdac-1, resulting in Dnmt3b overexpression and DNA hypermethylation. All this is validated in human LGL leukemia. Adoptive transfer of WT LGL cultured with IL-15 led to malignant transformation in vivo. Drug targeting that reverses miR-29b repression cures otherwise fatal LGL leukemia. We show how excessive IL-15 initiates cancer and demonstrate effective drug targeting for potential therapy of human LGL leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Mishra
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
| | - Shujun Liu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
| | - Gregory H. Sams
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
| | - Douglas P. Curphey
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
| | - Ramasamy Santhanam
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
| | - Laura J. Rush
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
| | - Deanna Schaefer
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
| | - Lauren G. Falkenberg
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
| | - Laura Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
| | - Laura Jaroncyk
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
| | - Xiaojuan Yang
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center and The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
| | - Harold Fisk
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
| | - Lai-Chu Wu
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
| | - Jason C. Chandler
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
| | - Yue-Zhong Wu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
| | - Nyla A. Heerema
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
| | - Kenneth K. Chan
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center and The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
| | - Danilo Perrotti
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center and The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center and The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
| | - Pierluigi Porcu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center and The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
| | - Frederick K. Racke
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
| | - Ramiro Garzon
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center and The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
| | - Robert J. Lee
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center and The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center and The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
| | - Michael A. Caligiuri
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center and The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210 USA
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191
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Siddikuzzaman, Grace VMB. Antioxidant potential of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and enhanced activity of liposome encapsulated ATRA against inflammation and tumor-directed angiogenesis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2012; 35:164-73. [PMID: 23116338 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2012.736520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has antioxidant property. The study was also focused on its inhibitory effect on the acute and chronic inflammation and tumor-associated capillary formation in terms of angiogenesis in C57BL/6 mice after incorporated in liposome composed of distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC/cholesterol). ATRA possesses a number of important biologic activities including oncostatic, antioxidant and immunostimulatory actions. Our study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of free ATRA by nitric oxide scavenging, superoxide radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging and lipid peroxide scavenging assays. The ATRA showed significant scavenging activities in all these antioxidant assays comparable to the standard antioxidant. We have also evaluated the activity of encapsulated ATRA against anti-inflammatory activity in C57BL/6 mice. The paw oedema inhibition was found in carrageenan model as 55.56% and 66.67% for free ATRA and encapsulated ATRA treatment respectively and for formaldehyde model it was found to be 60.87% and 69.57% respectively compared with saline treated control mice. Encapsulated ATRA inhibited the tumor-associated capillary formation in mice induced by highly metastatic B16F10 melanoma cells significantly than the free ATRA did. In this study the inhibition of tumor-directed capillary formation was found to be 56.25% and 62.50% for free ATRA and encapsulated ATRA treatment respectively. In conclusion, ATRA showed a significant antioxidant property in vitro. Free ATRA has anti-inflammatory activity as proved by us in animal model of acute and chronic inflammation and antiangiogenesis activity. Furthermore, its activity was boosted by encapsulation in liposome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddikuzzaman
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya University, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
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192
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Gul MZ, Attuluri V, Qureshi IA, Ghazi IA. Antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of Murraya koenigii leaf extracts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5530/pj.2012.32.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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193
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Bandyopadhyay P, Ghosh AK, Ghosh C. Recent developments on polyphenol–protein interactions: effects on tea and coffee taste, antioxidant properties and the digestive system. Food Funct 2012; 3:592-605. [PMID: 22465955 DOI: 10.1039/c2fo00006g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Tea and coffee are widely consumed beverages across the world and they are rich sources of various polyphenols. Polyphenols are responsible for the bitterness and astringency of beverages and are also well known to impart antioxidant properties which is beneficial against several oxidative stress related diseases like cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and aging. On the other hand, proteins are also known to display many important roles in several physiological activities. Polyphenols can interact with proteins through hydrophobic or hydrophilic interactions, leading to the formation of soluble or insoluble complexes. According to recent studies, this complex formation can affect the bioavailability and beneficiary properties of both the individual components, in either way. For example, polyphenol-protein complex formation can reduce or enhance the antioxidant activity of polyphenols; similarly it can also affect the digestion ability of several digestive enzymes present in our body. Surprisingly, no review article has been published recently which has focused on the progress in this area, despite numerous articles having appeared in this field. This review summarizes the recent trends and patterns (2005 onwards) in polyphenol-protein interaction studies focusing on the characterization of the complex, the effect of this complex formation on tea and coffee taste, antioxidant properties and the digestive system.
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194
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Sassa A, Kamoshita N, Matsuda T, Ishii Y, Kuraoka I, Nohmi T, Ohta T, Honma M, Yasui M. Miscoding properties of 8-chloro-2'-deoxyguanosine, a hypochlorous acid-induced DNA adduct, catalysed by human DNA polymerases. Mutagenesis 2012; 28:81-8. [PMID: 23076070 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ges056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many chronic inflammatory conditions are associated with an increased risk of cancer development. At the site of inflammation, cellular DNA is damaged by hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a potent oxidant generated by myeloperoxidase. 8-Chloro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-Cl-dG) is a major DNA adduct formed by HOCl and has been detected from the liver DNA and urine of rats administered lipopolysaccharide in an inflammation model. Thus, the 8-Cl-dG lesion may be associated with the carcinogenesis of inflamed tissues. In this study, we explored the miscoding properties of the 8-Cl-dG adduct generated by human DNA polymerases (pols). Site-specifically modified oligodeoxynucleotide containing a single 8-Cl-dG was prepared and used as a template in primer extension reactions catalysed by human pol α, ĸ or η. Primer extension reactions catalysed by pol α and ĸ in the presence of all four dNTPs were slightly retarded at the 8-Cl-dG site, while pol η readily bypassed the lesion. The fully extended products were analysed to quantify the miscoding frequency and specificity of 8-Cl-dG using two-phased polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). During the primer extension reaction in the presence of four dNTPs, pol ĸ promoted one-base deletion (6.4%), accompanied by the misincorporation of 2'-deoxyguanosine monophosphate (5.5%), dAMP (3.7%), and dTMP (3.5%) opposite the lesion. Pol α and η, on the other hand, exclusively incorporated dCMP opposite the lesion. The steady-state kinetic studies supported the results obtained from the two-phased PAGE assay. These results indicate that 8-Cl-dG is a mutagenic lesion; the miscoding frequency and specificity varies depending on the DNA polymerase used. Thus, HOCl-induced 8-Cl-dG adduct may be involved in inflammation-driven carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sassa
- Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
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195
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Methods used to evaluate the peroxyl (ROO·) radical scavenging capacities of four common antioxidants. Eur Food Res Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-012-1847-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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196
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197
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Williams AA, Selvaraj J, Srinivasan C, Sathish S, Rajesh P, Balaji V, Arunakaran J, Balasubramanian K. Protective role of lycopene against Aroclor 1254-induced changes on GLUT4 in the skeletal muscles of adult male rat. Drug Chem Toxicol 2012; 36:320-8. [PMID: 23035738 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2012.720991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aroclor 1254 is the commercial mixture of highly toxic environmental pollutant, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Being immensely durable, it is extensively used and widely distributed. Studies show that Aroclor 1254 causes a variety of adverse health effects through free radical generation. The present investigation was designed to check the effect of Aroclor 1254 on the glucose transporter protein, GLUT4, which plays a key role in glucose homeostasis. The protective role of lycopene against the adverse effect of Aroclor 1254 was also tested. Group 1 rats received corn oil as vehicle and served as control. Groups 2, 3, and 4 were administered with Aroclor 1254 [2 mg kg(-1) body weight (b.w.) day(-1)] intraperitoneally for 30 days. Groups 3 and 4 received lycopene (2 and 4 mg kg(-1) b.w. day(-1), respectively) orally in addition to Aroclor 1254. After 30 days, animals were euthanized and the skeletal muscles were dissected to determine the following parameters: GLUT4 messenger RNA (mRNA), GLUT4 protein (both plasma membrane and cytosolic fractions), and (14)C-2-deoxyglucose uptake. Though there was no change in GLUT4 mRNA and fasting plasma glucose levels, Aroclor 1254 significantly decreased the GLUT4 protein level in both the subcellular fractions of the gracilis and triceps muscles. Most important, (14)C-2-deoxyglucose uptake showed a significant decrease in Aroclor 1254 alone treated rats, and Aroclor 1254 plus 4 mg lycopene supplementation treatment maintained the same at par with control. Thus, Aroclor 1254 has adverse effects on GLUT4 translocation and (14)C-2-deoxyglucose uptake, and lycopene administered along with Aroclor 1254 has a protective role over it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Augustine Williams
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences,University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai, India
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198
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Alarcon R. Anticancer system created by acrolein and hydroxyl radical generated in enzymatic oxidation of spermine and other biochemical reactions. Med Hypotheses 2012; 79:522-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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199
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Betoret E, Sentandreu E, Betoret N, Codoñer-Franch P, Valls-Bellés V, Fito P. Technological development and functional properties of an apple snack rich in flavonoid from mandarin juice. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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200
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Lin Z, Wang H, Xu Y, Dong J, Hashi Y, Chen S. Identification of antioxidants in Fructus aurantii and its quality evaluation using a new on-line combination of analytical techniques. Food Chem 2012; 134:1181-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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