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Mutant p53 gain of function underlies high expression levels of colorectal cancer stem cells markers. Oncogene 2018; 37:1669-1684. [PMID: 29343849 PMCID: PMC6448595 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Emerging notion in carcinogenesis ascribes tumor initiation and aggressiveness to cancer stem cells (CSCs). Specifically, colorectal cancer (CRC) development was shown to be compatible with CSCs hypothesis. Mutations in p53 are highly frequent in CRC, and are known to facilitate tumor development and aggressiveness. Yet, the fink between mutant p53 and colorectal CSCs is not well-established. In the present study, we set to examine whether oncogenic mutant p53 proteins may augment colorectal CSCs phenotype. By genetic manipulation of mutant p53 in several cellular systems, we demonstrated that mutant p53 enhances colorectal tumorigenesis. Moreover, mutant p53-expressing cell lines harbor larger sub-populationss of cells highly expressing the known colorectal CSCs markers: CD44, Lgr5, and ALDH. This elevated expression is mediated by mutant p53 binding to CD44, Lgr5, and ALDH1A1 promoter sequences. Furthermore, ALDH1 was found to be involved in mutant p53-dependent chemotherapy resistance. Finally, analysis of ALDH1 and CD44 in human CRC biopsies indicated a positive correlation between their expression and the presence of oncogenic p53 missense mutations. These findings suggest novel insights pertaining the mechanism by which mutant p53 enhances CRC development, which involves the expansion of CSCs sub-populations within CRC tumors, and underscore the importance of targeting these sub-populations for CRC therapy.
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152
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Sayeed MA, Bracci M, Ciarapica V, Malavolta M, Provinciali M, Pieragostini E, Gaetani S, Monaco F, Lucarini G, Rapisarda V, Di Primio R, Santarelli L. Allyl Isothiocyanate Exhibits No Anticancer Activity in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010145. [PMID: 29300316 PMCID: PMC5796094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It was reported recently that allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) could inhibit various types of cancer cell growth. In the present study, we further investigated whether AITC could inhibit the growth of human breast cancer cells. Unexpectedly, we found that AITC did not inhibit, rather slightly promoted, the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, although it did have inhibitory effect on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Cytofluorimetric analysis revealed that AITC (10 µM) did not induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, AITC significantly (p < 0.05) increased the expression of BCL-2 and mTOR genes and Beclin-1 protein in MDA-MB-231 cells. No significant changes in expression of PRKAA1 and PER2 genes, Caspase-8, Caspase-9, PARP, p-mTOR, and NF-κB p65 proteins were observed in these AITC-treated cells. Importantly, AITC displayed cytotoxic effect on MCF-10A human breast epithelial cell line. These observations suggest that AITC may not have inhibitory activity in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. This in vitro study warrants more preclinical and clinical studies on the beneficial and harmful effects of AITC in healthy and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abu Sayeed
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Massimo Bracci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Veronica Ciarapica
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Marco Malavolta
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging (INRCA), 60120 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Mauro Provinciali
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging (INRCA), 60120 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Ernesta Pieragostini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Simona Gaetani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Federica Monaco
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Guendalina Lucarini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Roberto Di Primio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Lory Santarelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
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153
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Xiong W, Wu Y, Xian W, Song L, Hu L, Pan S, Liu M, Yao S, Pei L, Shang Y. DAPK1-ERK signal mediates oxygen glucose deprivation reperfusion induced apoptosis in mouse N2a cells. J Neurol Sci 2018; 387:210-219. [PMID: 29571866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) is a kinase found to promote neuronal apoptosis induced by ischemia. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was identified as a key molecule in DAPK1 signaling. However, the mechanisms of neuronal ischemia reperfusion injury remain unknown. Here, we investigate the influence of DAPK1-ERK signal on neuronal apoptosis following ischemia reperfusion. METHODS Mouse N2a cells were used in this study and primary cultured neurons along with mice were adopted as supplements. Oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) or administration of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and glycine was performed on cells while middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model on mice. DAPK1 knocking down was achieved by lentiviral-delivered shRNA. Protein expressions were evaluated by western blots. Protein-protein binding was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescent assay. Apoptosis of cells was measured by flow cytometry and lacate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage assay. RESULTS Ischemia reperfusion resulted in increased DAPK1 and ERK activation as well as aggravated apoptosis in a time-dependent manner. DAPK1 was proved to bind to ERK during reperfusion following OGD, MCAO and excitotoxicity model. Interception of this binding by knocking down DAPK1 led to nuclear translocation of ERK and reduced apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our study revealed the DAPK1-ERK signal as a potential mechanism contributing to neuronal apoptosis in response to ischemia reperfusion. Disruption of this signal pathway could be a promising therapeutic target against stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjing Xian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Limin Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lisha Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shangwen Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanglong Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Pei
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - You Shang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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154
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Zhao L, Zhu Z, Yao C, Huang Y, Zhi E, Chen H, Tian R, Li P, Yuan Q, Xue Y, Wan Z, Yang C, Gong Y, He Z, Li Z. VEGFC/VEGFR3 Signaling Regulates Mouse Spermatogonial Cell Proliferation via the Activation of AKT/MAPK and Cyclin D1 Pathway and Mediates the Apoptosis by affecting Caspase 3/9 and Bcl-2. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:225-239. [PMID: 29169284 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1407891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that the transcript levels of Vegfc and its receptor Vegfr3 were high in spermatogonia and extremely low in spermatocytes and spermatids. However, it remains unknown about the functions and the mechanisms of VEGFC/VEGFR3 signaling in regulating the fate determinations of spermatogonia. To this end, here we explored the role and signaling pathways of VEGFC/VEGFR3 by using a cell line derived from immortalized mouse spermatogonia retaining markers of mitotic germ cells, namely GC-1 cells. VEGFR3 was expressed in mouse primary spermatogonia and GC-1 cells. VEGFC stimulated the proliferation and DNA synthesis of GC-1 cells and enhanced the phosphorylation of PI3K-AKT and MAPK, whereas LY294002 (an inhibitor for AKT) and CI-1040 (an inhibitor for MAPK) blocked the effect of VEGFC on GC-1 cell proliferation. Furthermore, VEGFC increased the transcripts of c-fos and Egr1 and protein levels of cyclin D1, PCNA and Bcl-2. Conversely, the blocking of VEGFC/VEGFR3 signaling by VEGFR3 knockdown reduced the phosphorylation of AKT/MAPK and decreased the levels of cyclin D1 and PCNA. Additionally, VEGFR3 knockdown not only resulted in more apoptosis of GC-1 cells but also led to a decrease of Bcl-2 and promoted the cleavage of Caspase-3/9 and PARP. Collectively, these data suggested that VEGFC/VEGFR3 signaling promotes the proliferation of GC-1 cells via the AKT /MAPK and cyclin D1 pathway and it inhibits the cell apoptosis through Caspase-3/9, PARP and Bcl-2. Thus, this study sheds a novel insight to the molecular mechanisms underlying the fate decisions of mammalian spermatogonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyu Zhao
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Zijue Zhu
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Chencheng Yao
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Yuhua Huang
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Erlei Zhi
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Huixing Chen
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Ruhui Tian
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Peng Li
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Qingqing Yuan
- b State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji- Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital , School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yunjing Xue
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Zhong Wan
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Chao Yang
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Yuehua Gong
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Zuping He
- b State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji- Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital , School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Zheng Li
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
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155
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Pariyar R, Lamichhane R, Jung HJ, Kim SY, Seo J. Sulfuretin Attenuates MPP⁺-Induced Neurotoxicity through Akt/GSK3β and ERK Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122753. [PMID: 29257079 PMCID: PMC5751352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. It is caused by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in PD. Sulfuretin is a potent antioxidant that is reported to be beneficial in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we examined the protective effect of sulfuretin against 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium (MPP⁺)-induced cell model of PD in SH-SY5Y cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Sulfuretin significantly decreased MPP⁺-induced apoptotic cell death, accompanied by a reduction in caspase 3 activity and polyADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Furthermore, it attenuated MPP⁺-induced production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Consistently, sulfuretin decreased p53 expression and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Moreover, sulfuretin significantly increased the phosphorylation of Akt, GSK3β, and ERK. Pharmacological inhibitors of PI3K/Akt and ERK abolished the cytoprotective effects of sulfuretin against MPP⁺. An inhibitor of GSK3β mimicked sulfuretin-induced protection against MPP⁺. Taken together, these results suggest that sulfuretin significantly attenuates MPP⁺-induced neurotoxicity through Akt/GSK3β and ERK signaling pathways in SH-SY5Y cells. Our findings suggest that sulfuretin might be one of the potential candidates for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Pariyar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea.
- Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea.
| | - Ramakanta Lamichhane
- Deptartment of Oriental Pharmacy, & Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea.
| | - Hyun Ju Jung
- Deptartment of Oriental Pharmacy, & Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea.
| | - Sung Yeon Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea.
| | - Jungwon Seo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea.
- Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea.
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156
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Kim JT, Napier DL, Weiss HL, Lee EY, Townsend CM, Evers BM. Neurotensin Receptor 3/Sortilin Contributes to Tumorigenesis of Neuroendocrine Tumors Through Augmentation of Cell Adhesion and Migration. Neoplasia 2017; 20:175-181. [PMID: 29272741 PMCID: PMC5884004 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotensin (NTS), a 13–amino acid peptide which is distributed predominantly along gastrointestinal tract, has multiple physiologic and pathologic functions, and its effects are mediated by three distinct NTS receptors (NTSRs). Overexpression and activation of NTS signaling components, especially NTS and/or NTSR1, are closely linked with cancer progression and metastasis in various types of cancers including neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Although deregulation of NTSR3/sortilin has been implicated in a variety of human diseases, the expression and role of NTSR3/sortilin in NETs have not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the expression and oncogenic effect of NTSR3/sortilin in NETs. Increased protein levels of NTSR3/sortilin were noted in the majority of human clinical NETs (n = 21) by immunohistochemical analyses compared with normal tissues (n = 12). Expression of NTS and NTSR3/sortilin was also noted in all tested NET cell lines. In addition, small interfering RNA–mediated knockdown of NTSR3/sortilin decreased cell number without alteration of cell cycle progression and apoptosis induction in NET cell lines BON and QGP-1. Moreover, silencing of NTSR3/sortilin significantly suppressed cell adhesion and cell migration with inhibition of focal adhesion kinase and Src phosphorylation in the NET cells. Our results demonstrate increased expression of NTSR3/sortilin in NET patient tissues and a critical role of NTSR3/sortilin on NET cell adhesion and migration suggesting that NTSR3/sortilin contributes to NET tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Tae Kim
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Dana L Napier
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Heidi L Weiss
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Eun Y Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - B Mark Evers
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
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157
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Panagaki T, Michael M, Hölscher C. Liraglutide restores chronic ER stress, autophagy impairments and apoptotic signalling in SH-SY5Y cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16158. [PMID: 29170452 PMCID: PMC5700973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16488-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that agonists of glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) receptor exert neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects across a range of experimental models of neuronal degeneration, and, recently, a pilot clinical trial of Liraglutide in Alzheimer’s disease patients showed improvements in cerebral glucose consumption that signifies disease progression. However, the exact underlying mechanism of action remains unclear. Chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has recently emerged as a mechanism for neuronal injury, rendering it a potent therapeutic target for acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we investigate the neuroprotective effects of Liraglutide along with the signalling network against prolong ER stress and autophagy impairments induced by the non-competitive inhibitor of sarco/ER Ca2+-ATPase, thapsigargin. We show that Liraglutide modulates the ER stress response and elicits ER proteostasis and autophagy machinery homeostasis in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line. These effects correlate with resolution of hyper-activity of the antioxidant Nrf2 factor and restoration of the impaired cell viability and proliferation. Mechanistically, Liraglutide engages Akt and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signalling to favour adaptive responses and shift cell fate from apoptosis to survival under chronic stress conditions in SH-SY5Y cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Panagaki
- Biomedical & Life Sciences Division, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Maria Michael
- Biomedical & Life Sciences Division, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Biomedical & Life Sciences Division, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, UK.
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158
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Osuka K, Watanabe Y, Usuda N, Aoyama M, Iwami K, Takeuchi M, Watabe T, Takayasu M. Expression of Caspase Signaling Components in the Outer Membranes of Chronic Subdural Hematomas. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:3192-3197. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Osuka
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuo Watanabe
- High Technology Research Center, Pharmacology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuteru Usuda
- Department of Anatomy II, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Aoyama
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Iwami
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mikinobu Takeuchi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takeya Watabe
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masakazu Takayasu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
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159
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Chen X, Yang S, Pan Y, Li X, Ma S. Mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis is associated with erlotinib-induced cytotoxicity in hepatic cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:783-788. [PMID: 29387241 PMCID: PMC5768067 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
For advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with mutations to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, including erlotinib are indicated for the first-line treatment. Liver injury is one of the multiple adverse effects of erlotinib and may affect its safety. The present study investigated the mechanism of erlotinib-induced hepatotoxicity in vitro and provided experimental evidence for the screening of potential hepatoprotectors. Erlotinib induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity in human L-02 hepatic cells 72 h after treatment. In other experiments, L-02 cells were treated with erlotinib for 48 h and thereafter exhibited typical features of apoptosis. Erlotinib caused alterations to nuclear morphology, including chromatin condensation and karyopyknosis; it also increased the fraction of late apoptotic cells and regulated apoptotic protein levels, activating caspase-3 and cleaving of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase. Furthermore, 48 h exposure to erlotinib disturbed mitochondrial function by decreasing the ratio of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) to Bcl-associated X proteins and reducing mitochondrial membrane potential. The results of this in vitro study indicate that erlotinib-induced hepatotoxicity may occur through mitochondrial-pathway-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Shaoyu Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yuelong Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Shenglin Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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160
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Echinacoside Alleviates UVB Irradiation-Mediated Skin Damage via Inhibition of Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage, and Apoptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:6851464. [PMID: 29213352 PMCID: PMC5682084 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6851464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation has been known to cause skin damage, which is associated with oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis. Echinacoside is a phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from Herba Cistanches, which exhibits strong antioxidant activity. In this study, we evaluate the photoprotective effect of echinacoside on UVB-induced skin damage and explore the potential molecular mechanism. BALB/c mice and HaCaT cells were treated with echinacoside before UVB exposure. Histopathological examination was used to evaluate the skin damage. Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, DNA damage, and apoptosis were measured as well. Western blot was used to measure the expression of related proteins. The results revealed that pretreatment of echinacoside ameliorated the skin injury; attenuated oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis caused by UVB exposure; and normalized the protein levels of ATR, p53, PIAS3, hnRNP K, PARP, and XPA. To summarize, echinacoside is beneficial in the prevention of UVB-induced DNA damage and apoptosis of the skin in vivo and in vitro.
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161
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Ye J, Zhang Y, Liang W, Huang J, Wang L, Zhong X. UHRF1 is an Independent Prognostic Factor and a Potential Therapeutic Target of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Cancer 2017; 8:4027-4039. [PMID: 29187878 PMCID: PMC5706005 DOI: 10.7150/jca.21256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Ubiquitin-like with plant homeodomain and ring-finger domains 1 (UHRF1) plays an essential role in DNA methylation, and the overexpression of UHRF1 is associated with poor prognosis in various cancers. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) accounts for approximately 90% of esophageal cancer cases in China, but the five-year survival rate for patients is less than 10% due to limited clinical approaches for early diagnosis and treatment. The present research aimed to investigate the expression of UHRF1 in ESCC and its biological role in ESCC development. Methods: UHRF1 expression in ESCC and normal esophageal tissues was examined using immunohistochemical staining, followed by analysis of the correlation between UHRF1 expression and clinical features. In addition, the effects of lentivirus-mediated RNA interference of UHRF1 on global DNA methylation, cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and apoptosis and were investigated in ESCC cells. Results: UHRF1 was overexpressed in ESCC tissues and was an independent prognostic factor for ESCC patients. In ESCC cells, knockdown of UHRF1 caused global DNA hypomethylation, inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, UHRF1 depletion induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, accompanied by activation of Wee1 and DNA damage response pathway. Conclusions: Our findings identify UHRF1 as a promising prognostic marker for ESCC and suggest that UHRF1 may be a potential therapy target for ESCC patients with elevated UHRF1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiecheng Ye
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Weiye Liang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jianxian Huang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xueyun Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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162
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Zhou L, Dong X, Wang L, Shan L, Li T, Xu W, Ding Y, Lai M, Lin X, Dai M, Bai X, Jia C, Zheng H. Casticin attenuates liver fibrosis and hepatic stellate cell activation by blocking TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:56267-56280. [PMID: 28915589 PMCID: PMC5593560 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many advances have been made in understanding the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, few options are available for treatment. Casticin, one of the major flavonoids in Fructus Viticis extracts, has shown hepatoprotective potential, but its effects on liver fibrosis are not clear. In this study, we investigated the antifibrotic activity of casticin and its underlying mechanism in vivo and in vitro. Male mice were injected intraperitoneally with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or underwent bile duct ligation (BDL) to induce liver fibrosis, followed by treatment with casticin or vehicle. In addition, transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)-activated LX-2 cells were used. In vivo experiments showed that treatment with casticin alone had no toxic effect while significantly attenuating CCl4-or BDL-induced liver fibrosis, as indicated by reductions in the density of fibrosis, hydroxyproline content, expression of α-SMA and collagen α1(I) mRNA. Moreover, casticin inhibited LX2 proliferation, induced apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner in vitro. The underlying molecular mechanisms for the effect of casticin involved inhibition of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and reduced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 resulting from blocking TGF-β1/Smad signaling, as well as increased the apoptosis of HSCs. The results suggest that casticin has potential benefits in the attenuation and treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoying Dong
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lanlan Shan
- Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingqiang Lai
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojun Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Dai
- Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunhong Jia
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hang Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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163
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Wang S, Wang A, Shao M, Lin L, Li P, Wang Y. Schisandrin B reverses doxorubicin resistance through inhibiting P-glycoprotein and promoting proteasome-mediated degradation of survivin. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8419. [PMID: 28827665 PMCID: PMC5567212 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08817-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired drug resistance poses a great challenge in cancer therapy. Drug efflux and anti-apoptotic processes are the most two common mechanisms that confer cancer drug resistance. In this study, we found that Schisandrin B (Sch B), one of the major dibenzocyclooctadiene derivatives extracted from Chinese herbal medicine Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus, could significantly enhance the sensitivity of doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant breast cancer and ovarian cancer cells to DOX. Our results showed that Sch B increased the intracellular accumulation of DOX through inhibiting expression and activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Meanwhile, Sch B could markedly downregulate the expression of anti-apoptotic protein survivin. Overexpression of survivin attenuated the sensitizing effects of Sch B, while silencing of survivin enhanced Sch B-mediated sensitizing effects. Furthermore, Sch B preferentially promoted chymotryptic activity of the proteasome in a concentration-dependent manner, and the proteasome inhibitor MG-132 prevented Sch B-induced survivin downregulation. Taken together, our findings suggest that Sch B could be a potential candidate for combating drug resistant cancer via modulating two key factors that responsible for cancer resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Min Shao
- Department of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519041, China
| | - Ligen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China.
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China.
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164
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Zaleska K, Suchorska W, Kowalik A, Kruszyna M, Jackowiak W, Skrobala A, Skorska M, Malicki J. Low dose out-of-field radiotherapy, part 3: Qualitative and quantitative impact of scattered out-of-field radiation on MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Cancer Radiother 2017; 21:358-364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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165
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Modulation of Glutathione Hemostasis by Inhibition of 12/15-Lipoxygenase Prevents ROS-Mediated Cell Death after Hepatic Ischemia and Reperfusion. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:8325754. [PMID: 28811867 PMCID: PMC5546123 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8325754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Reactive oxygen species- (ROS-) mediated ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) detrimentally impacts liver transplantation and resection. 12/15-Lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX), an antagonistic protein of the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) signaling cascade, was proven to mediate cell death in postischemic cerebral and myocardial tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of 12/15-LOX inhibition on hepatic IRI. Methods Livers of C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 60 minutes of partial warm ischemia and 90 minutes of reperfusion after previous Baicalein administration, an inhibitor of 12/15-LOX. Tissue samples were analyzed by TUNEL assay, Western blot, and spectral photometry. Results TUNEL labeling showed a significant reduction of hepatic cell death following baicalein pretreatment. Western Blot analysis revealed a significant downregulation of Jun-amino-terminal-kinase (JNK), caspase-3, and poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase (PARP), besides considerably lowered p44/42-MAP-kinase (ERK1/2) expression after Baicalein administration. A significant elevation of glutathione oxidation was measured in Baicalein pretreated livers. Conclusion Our data show that inhibition of 12/15-lipoxygenase causes significant cell death reduction after hepatic ischemia and reperfusion by enhancing glutathione metabolism. We conclude that GPX4-dependent cell death signaling cascade might play a major role in development of hepatic IRI, in which the investigated proteins JNK, caspase-3, ERK1/2, and PARP might contribute to tissue damage.
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166
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Jordan JJ, Chhim S, Margulies CM, Allocca M, Bronson RT, Klungland A, Samson LD, Fu D. ALKBH7 drives a tissue and sex-specific necrotic cell death response following alkylation-induced damage. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2947. [PMID: 28726787 PMCID: PMC5550884 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regulated necrosis has emerged as a major cell death mechanism in response to different forms of physiological and pharmacological stress. The AlkB homolog 7 (ALKBH7) protein is required for regulated cellular necrosis in response to chemotherapeutic alkylating agents but its role within a whole organism is unknown. Here, we show that ALKBH7 modulates alkylation-induced cellular death through a tissue and sex-specific mechanism. At the whole-animal level, we find that ALKBH7 deficiency confers increased resistance to MMS-induced toxicity in male but not female mice. Moreover, ALKBH7-deficient mice exhibit protection against alkylation-mediated cytotoxicity in retinal photoreceptor and cerebellar granule cells, two cell types that undergo necrotic death through the initiation of the base excision repair pathway and hyperactivation of the PARP1/ARTD1 enzyme. Notably, the protection against alkylation-induced cerebellar degeneration is specific to ALKBH7-deficient male but not female mice. Our results uncover an in vivo role for ALKBH7 in mediating a sexually dimorphic tissue response to alkylation damage that could influence individual responses to chemotherapies based upon alkylating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Jordan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biology, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sophea Chhim
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Carrie M Margulies
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biology, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mariacarmela Allocca
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biology, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Arne Klungland
- Department of Molecular Microbiology A3.3021, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leona D Samson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biology, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dragony Fu
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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167
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Sun X, Zhong Y, Luo H, Yang Y. Selenium-Containing Polysaccharide-Protein Complex in Se-Enriched Ulva fasciata Induces Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptosis in A549 Human Lung Cancer Cells. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15070215. [PMID: 28714901 PMCID: PMC5532657 DOI: 10.3390/md15070215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of selenium (Se) and Ulva fasciata as potent cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents has been supported by epidemiological, preclinical, and clinical studies. In this study, Se-containing polysaccharide-protein complex (Se-PPC), a novel organoselenium compound, a Se-containing polysaccharide-protein complex in Se-enriched Ulva fasciata, is a potent anti-proliferative agent against human lung cancer A549 cells. Se-PPC markedly inhibited the growth of cancer cells via induction of apoptosis which was accompanied by the formation of apoptotic bodies, an increase in the population of apoptotic sub-G1 phase cells, upregulation of p53, and activation of caspase-3 in A549 cells. Further investigation on intracellular mechanisms indicated that cytochrome C was released from mitochondria into cytosol in A549 cells after Se-PPC treatment. Se-PPC induced depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in A549 cells through regulating the expression of anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2, Bcl-XL) and pro-apoptotic (Bax, Bid) proteins, resulting in disruption of the activation of caspase-9. This is the first report to demonstrate the cytotoxic effect of Se-PPC on human cancer cells and to provide a possible mechanism for this activity. Thus, Se-PPC is a promising novel organoselenium compound with potential to treat human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Sun
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Jinan 510632, China.
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms, Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Yu Zhong
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Jinan 510632, China.
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms, Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Hongtian Luo
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Jinan 510632, China.
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms, Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Yufeng Yang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Jinan 510632, China.
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms, Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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168
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Song M, Wu X, Charoensinphon N, Wang M, Zheng J, Gao Z, Xu F, Li Z, Li F, Zhou J, Xiao H. Dietary 5-demethylnobiletin inhibits cigarette carcinogen NNK-induced lung tumorigenesis in mice. Food Funct 2017; 8:954-963. [PMID: 28154877 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01367h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
5-Demethylnobiletin (5DN) is a unique citrus flavonoid with various beneficial bioactivities. In this study, we determined the inhibitory effects of 5DN and its two major metabolites in the 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis mouse model as well as in human and mouse lung cancer cell models. In NNK-treated female A/J mice, dietary administration of 5DN (0.025% or 0.05% w/w in the diet) significantly decreased both lung tumor multiplicity and tumor volume. Immunohistochemical analysis showed strong anti-proliferative effects of 5DN in lung tumors. Two major metabolites of 5DN, named 5,3'-didemethylnobiletin (M1) and 5,4'-didemethylnobiletin (M2), were found in the lung tissue of 5DN-fed mice. Cell culture studies demonstrated that 5DN, M1 and M2 significantly inhibited the growth of human and mouse lung cancer cells by causing cell cycle arrest, inducing apoptosis and modulating key signaling proteins related to cell proliferation and cell death. Interestingly, the metabolites of 5DN, especially M1 produced much stronger inhibitory effects on both human and mouse lung cancer cells than those produced by 5DN itself. Our results demonstrated that dietary administration of 5DN significantly inhibited NNK-induced tumorigenesis in mice, and this effect may be partially associated with the metabolites of 5DN in lung tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Song
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | | | - Minqi Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Jinkai Zheng
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA. and Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zili Gao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Zhengze Li
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Jiazhi Zhou
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
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169
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Iu M, Zago M, Rico de Souza A, Bouttier M, Pareek S, White JH, Hamid Q, Eidelman DH, Baglole CJ. RelB attenuates cigarette smoke extract-induced apoptosis in association with transcriptional regulation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:19-31. [PMID: 28254546 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic and prevalent respiratory disease caused primarily by long term inhalation of cigarette smoke. A major hallmark of COPD is elevated apoptosis of structural lung cells including fibroblasts. The NF-κB member RelB may suppress apoptosis in response to cigarette smoke, but its role in lung cell survival is not known. RelB may act as a pro-survival factor by controlling the expression of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). SOD2 is also regulated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor that suppresses cigarette smoke-induced apoptosis. As the AhR is also a binding partner for RelB, we speculate that RelB suppresses cigarette smoke-induced apoptosis by regulating the AhR. Using an in vitro model of cigarette smoke exposure (cigarette smoke extract [CSE]), we found that CSE down-regulated RelB expression in mouse lung fibroblasts, which was associated with elevated levels of cleaved PARP. Genetic ablation of RelB elevated CSE-induced apoptosis, including chromatin condensation, and reduced mitochondrial function. There was also more reactive oxygen species production in RelB-/- cells exposed to CSE. While there was no alteration in Nrf2 expression or localization between RelB-/- and wild type cells in response to CSE, RelB-/- cells displayed significantly decreased AhR mRNA and protein expression, concomitant with loss of AhR target gene expression (Cyp1a1, Cyp1b1, Nqo1). Finally, we found that RelB binds to the Ahr gene at 3 sites to potentially increase its expression via transcriptional induction. These data support that RelB suppresses cigarette smoke-induced apoptosis, potentially by increasing the AhR. Together, these two proteins may comprise an important cell survival signaling pathway that reduces apoptosis upon cigarette smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Iu
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michela Zago
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Angela Rico de Souza
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Manuella Bouttier
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Swati Pareek
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - John H White
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David H Eidelman
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carolyn J Baglole
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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170
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Yang Q, Li S, Fu Z, Lin B, Zhou Z, Wang Z, Hua Y, Cai Z. Shikonin promotes adriamycin‑induced apoptosis by upregulating caspase‑3 and caspase‑8 in osteosarcoma. Mol Med Rep 2017. [PMID: 28627658 PMCID: PMC5562087 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor. Cancer cells employ a host of mechanisms to develop resistance to adriamycin (ADM) or other chemotherapeutic drugs. Shikonin (SK), an active constituent extracted from a Chinese medicinal herb, has been shown to cooperate with ADM in the treatment of osteosarcoma and certain other types of cancer by contributing to the response rate of chemotherapy and the side effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of SK in chemotherapy for osteosarcoma. In the present study, a CCK-8 assay was performed to assess cell survival rate in vitro. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein (Bax), caspase-3, caspase-8, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle and cell death. The survival rate of cells decreased significantly in a dose- and time-dependent manner when treated with a combination of SK and ADM. Western blot analysis revealed increased expression levels of Bax, caspase-3, caspase-8 and PARP in U2OS and MG63 cells 48 h following treatment with SK and ADM. Flow cytometric analysis showed that the combined treatment of SK and ADM significantly induced apoptosis in the osteosarcoma cells. Taken together SK cooperated with ADM to promote apoptosis, possibly by inducing caspase-3- and caspase-8-dependent apoptosis. SK may be a potential enhancer in the treatment of drug-resistant primary osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Medical University Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Suoyuan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
| | - Zeze Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
| | - Binhui Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
| | - Zifei Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
| | - Zhuoying Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
| | - Yingqi Hua
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
| | - Zhengdong Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Medical University Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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171
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Sim MY, Huynh H, Go ML, Yuen JSP. Action of YM155 on clear cell renal cell carcinoma does not depend on survivin expression levels. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178168. [PMID: 28582447 PMCID: PMC5459331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The dioxonapthoimidazolium YM155 is a survivin suppressant which has been investigated as an anticancer agent in clinical trials. Here, we investigated its growth inhibitory properties on a panel of immortalized and patient derived renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines which were either deficient in the tumour suppressor von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein or possessed a functional copy. Neither the VHL status nor the survivin expression levels of these cell lines influenced their susceptibility to growth inhibition by YM155. Of the various RCC lines, the papillary subtype was more resistant to YM155, suggesting that the therapeutic efficacy of YM155 may be restricted to clear cell subtypes. YM155 was equally potent in cells (RCC786.0) in which survivin expression had been stably silenced or overexpressed, implicating a limited reliance on survivin in the mode of action of YM155. A follow-up in-vitro high throughput RNA microarray identified possible targets of YM155 apart from survivin. Selected genes (ID1, FOXO1, CYLD) that were differentially expressed in YM155-sensitive RCC cells and relevant to RCC pathology were validated with real-time PCR and western immunoblotting analyses. Thus, there is corroboratory evidence that the growth inhibitory activity of YM155 in RCC cell lines is not exclusively mediated by its suppression of survivin. In view of the growing importance of combination therapy in oncology, we showed that a combination of YM155 and sorafenib at ½ x IC50 concentrations was synergistic on RCC786.0 cells. However, when tested intraperitoneally on a murine xenograft model derived from a nephrectomised patient with clear cell RCC, a combination of suboptimal doses of both drugs failed to arrest tumour progression. The absence of synergy in vivo highlighted the need to further optimize the dosing schedules of YM155 and sorafenib, as well as their routes of administration. It also implied that the expression of other oncogenic proteins which YM155 may target is either low or absent in this clear cell RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yi Sim
- Department of Urology, Singapore General Hospital, Republic of Singapore
- * E-mail:
| | - Hung Huynh
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Research, National Cancer Centre, Republic of Singapore
| | - Mei Lin Go
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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Wright C, Iyer AKV, Kaushik V, Azad N. Anti-Tumorigenic Potential of a Novel Orlistat-AICAR Combination in Prostate Cancer Cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:3834-3845. [PMID: 28387458 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in men worldwide. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is reported to be overexpressed in several cancers including PCa, and this has led to clinical cancer treatments that utilize various FASN inhibitors such as the anti-obesity drug, Orlistat. However, pharmacological limitations have impeded the progress in cancer treatments expected thus far with FASN inhibition. In this study, we investigated a novel therapeutic combination to enhance the toxic potential of Orlistat in three different PCa cell-lines (DU145, PC3, and LNCaP). We show that Orlistat and 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) (AMP-activated protein kinase [AMPK] activator) co-treatment induces significant downregulation of two key fatty acid synthesis regulatory proteins (FASN, Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 [SREBP-1c]) as compared to control and Orlistat alone. Orlistat and AICAR co-treatment induced a significant decrease in cell viability and proliferation, and a significant increase in apoptosis in all three PCa cell-lines. Apoptosis induction was preceded by a marked increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production followed by G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and activation of pro-apoptotic caspases. We also observed a significant decrease in migration potential and VEGF expression in Orlistat and AICAR co-treated samples in all three PCa cell-lines. Compound C (AMPK inhibitor) negatively affected some of the enhanced anti-cancer effects observed with Orlistat treatment. We conclude that AICAR co-treatment potentiates the anti-proliferative effects of Orlistat at a low dose (100 µM), and this combination has the potential to be a viable and effective therapeutic option in PCa treatment. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3834-3845, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton Wright
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, 23668
| | | | - Vivek Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, 23668
| | - Neelam Azad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, 23668
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173
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Szobi A, Gonçalvesová E, Varga ZV, Leszek P, Kuśmierczyk M, Hulman M, Kyselovič J, Ferdinandy P, Adameová A. Analysis of necroptotic proteins in failing human hearts. J Transl Med 2017; 15:86. [PMID: 28454582 PMCID: PMC5410070 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1189-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cell loss and subsequent deterioration of contractile function are hallmarks of chronic heart failure (HF). While apoptosis has been investigated as a participant in the progression of HF, it is unlikely that it accounts for the total amount of non-functional tissue. In addition, there is evidence for the presence of necrotic cardiomyocytes in HF. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the necroptotic proteins regulating necroptosis, a form of programmed necrosis, and thereby assess its potential role in human end-stage HF. Methods Left ventricular samples of healthy controls (C) and patients with end-stage HF due to myocardial infarction (CAD) or dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) were studied. Immunoblotting for necroptotic and apoptotic markers was performed. Triton X-114 fractionated samples were analyzed to study differences in subcellular localization. Results Elevated expression of RIP1 (receptor-interacting protein), pSer227-RIP3 and its total levels were observed in HF groups compared to controls. On the other hand, caspase-8 expression, a proapoptotic protease negatively regulating necroptosis, was downregulated suggesting activation of necroptosis signaling. Total mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) expression did not differ among the groups; however, active cytotoxic forms of MLKL were present in all HF samples while they were expressed at almost undetectable levels in controls. Interestingly, pThr357-MLKL unlike pSer358-MLKL, was higher in DCM than CAD. In HF, the subcellular localization of both RIP3 and pThr357-MLKL was consistent with activation of necroptosis signaling. Expression of main apoptotic markers has not indicated importance of apoptosis. Conclusions This is the first evidence showing that human HF of CAD or DCM etiology is positive for markers of necroptosis which may be involved in the development of HF. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-017-1189-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Szobi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Gonçalvesová
- Department of Heart Failure & Transplantation, The National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Michal Hulman
- Clinic of Heart Surgery, The National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ján Kyselovič
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adriana Adameová
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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174
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Stapf M, Teichgräber U, Hilger I. Methotrexate-coupled nanoparticles and magnetic nanochemothermia for the relapse-free treatment of T24 bladder tumors. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:2793-2811. [PMID: 28435259 PMCID: PMC5388224 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s120969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat-based approaches have been considered as promising tools due to their ability to directly eradicate tumor cells and/or increase the sensitivity of tumors to radiation- or chemotherapy. In particular, the heating of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) via an alternating magnetic field can provide a handy alternative for a localized tumor treatment. To amplify the efficacy of magnetically induced thermal treatments, we elucidated the superior tumor-destructive effect of methotrexate-coupled MNPs (MTX/MNPs) in combination with magnetic heating (nanochemothermia) over the thermal treatment alone. Our studies in a murine bladder xenograft model revealed the enormous potential of nanochemothermia for a localized and relapse-free destruction of tumors which was superior to the thermal treatment alone. Nanochemothermia remarkably fostered the reduction of tumor volume. It impaired proapoptotic signaling (eg, p-p53), cell survival (eg, p-ERK1/2), and cell cycle (cyclins) pathways. Additionally, heat shock proteins (eg, HSP70) were remarkably affected. Moreover, nanochemothermia impaired the induction of angiogenic signaling by decreasing, for example, the levels of VEGF-R1 and MMP9, although an increasing tumor hypoxia was indicated by elevated Hif-1α levels. In contrast, tumor cells were able to recover after the thermal treatments alone. In conclusion, nanochemothermia on the basis of MTX/MNPs was superior to the thermal treatment due to a modification of cellular pathways, particularly those associated with the cellular survival and tumor vasculature. This allowed very efficient and relapse-free destruction of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Stapf
- Department of Experimental Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulf Teichgräber
- Department of Experimental Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hilger
- Department of Experimental Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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175
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Shah PP, Dupre TV, Siskind LJ, Beverly LJ. Common cytotoxic chemotherapeutics induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) downstream of ER stress. Oncotarget 2017; 8:22625-22639. [PMID: 28186986 PMCID: PMC5410250 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in eukaryotes is a main organelle involved in a wide variety of functions including calcium storage, lipid biosynthesis, protein folding and protein transport. Disruption of ER homeostasis leads to ER stress and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). We and others have previously found that ER stress induces EMT in different cellular systems. Induction of ER stress with chemical modulators of ER homeostasis was sufficient to activate an EMT-like state in all cellular systems tested. Here, we provide evidence for the first time demonstrating that ER stress induces EMT that is neither cancer cell specific nor cell-type specific. In addition, we observed that chemotherapeutic drugs commonly used to treat patients also activate ER stress that is concomitant with activation of an EMT-like state. Interestingly, we find that following removal of ER stress, partial EMT characteristics still persist indicating that ER stress induced EMT is a long-term effect. Induction of mesenchymal characteristics, following chemotherapeutics treatment may be involved in providing cancer stemness and invasiveness in the cellular system. Interestingly, we find that mice treated with cisplatin have elevated level of ER stress and EMT markers in multiple tissues including lung, liver and kidneys. Furthermore, increased ER stress, as demonstrated by increased Bip, Chop, PDI, Ero1α and IRE1, and EMT, as demonstrated by increased Vimentin and Snail, is a hallmark of primary lung adenocarcinoma samples from patients. These observations have potential clinical relevance because overexpression of ER stress and EMT markers might contribute to chemoresistance and poor survival of lung adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag P. Shah
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Tess V. Dupre
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Leah J. Siskind
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Levi J. Beverly
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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176
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Wu X, Song M, Qiu P, Rakariyatham K, Li F, Gao Z, Cai X, Wang M, Xu F, Zheng J, Xiao H. Synergistic chemopreventive effects of nobiletin and atorvastatin on colon carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:455-464. [PMID: 28207072 PMCID: PMC6248647 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Different cancer chemopreventive agents may act synergistically and their combination may produce enhanced protective effects against carcinogenesis than each individual agent alone. Herein, we investigated the chemopreventive effects of nobiletin (NBT, a citrus polymethoxyflavone) and atorvastatin (ATST, a lipid-lowering drug) in colon cancer cells/macrophages and an azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon carcinogenesis rat model. The results demonstrated that co-treatments of NBT/ATST produced enhanced growth inhibitory and anti-inflammatory effects on the colon cancer cells and macrophages, respectively. Isobologram analysis confirmed that these interactions between NBT and ATST were synergistic. NBT/ATST co-treatment also synergistically induced extensive cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Oral administration of NBT (0.1%, w/w in diet) or ATST (0.04%, w/w in diet) significantly decreased colonic tumor incidence and multiplicity in AOM-treated rats. Most importantly, co-treatment of NBT/ATST at their half doses (0.05% NBT + 0.02% ATST, w/w in diet) resulted in even stronger inhibitory effects on colonic tumor incidence and multiplicity than did NBT or ATST alone at higher doses. Statistical analysis confirmed that the enhanced chemopreventive activities against colon carcinogenesis in rats by the NBT/ATST combination were highly synergistic. Our results further demonstrated that NBT/ATST co-treatment profoundly modulated key cellular signaling regulators associated with inflammation, cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, angiogenesis and metastasis in the colon of AOM-treated rats. In conclusion, for the first time, our results demonstrated a strong synergy in inhibiting colon carcinogenesis produced by the co-treatment of NBT and ATST, which provided a scientific basis for using NBT in combination with ATST for colon cancer chemoprevention in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Mingyue Song
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Peiju Qiu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- School of Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, People's Republic of China and
| | | | - Fang Li
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Zili Gao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Xiaokun Cai
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Minqi Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Jinkai Zheng
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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177
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Taguchi Y, Horiuchi Y, Kano F, Murata M. Novel prosurvival function of Yip1A in human cervical cancer cells: constitutive activation of the IRE1 and PERK pathways of the unfolded protein response. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2718. [PMID: 28358375 PMCID: PMC5386543 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells are under chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress due to hypoxia, low levels of nutrients, and a high metabolic demand for proliferation. To survive, they constitutively activate the unfolded protein response (UPR). The inositol-requiring protein 1 (IRE1) and protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) signaling branches of the UPR have been shown to have cytoprotective roles in cancer cells. UPR-induced autophagy is another prosurvival strategy of cancer cells, possibly to remove misfolded proteins and supply nutrients. However, the mechanisms by which cancer cells exploit the UPR and autophagy machinery to promote survival and the molecules that are essential for these processes remain to be elucidated. Recently, a multipass membrane protein, Yip1A, was shown to function in the activation of IRE1 and in UPR-induced autophagy. In the present study, we explored the possible role of Yip1A in activation of the UPR by cancer cells for their survival, and found that depletion of Yip1A by RNA interference (RNAi) induced apoptotic cell death in HeLa and CaSki cervical cancer cells. Intriguingly, Yip1A was found to activate the IRE1 and PERK pathways of the UPR constitutively in HeLa and CaSki cells. Yip1A mediated the phosphorylation of IRE1 and also engaged in the transcription of PERK. The activation of these signaling pathways upregulated the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and autophagy-related proteins. These events might enhance resistance to apoptosis and promote cytoprotective autophagy in HeLa and CaSki cells. The present study is the first to uncover a key prosurvival modulator, Yip1A, which coordinates IRE1 signaling with PERK signaling to support the survival of HeLa and CaSki cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Taguchi
- Laboratory of Frontier Image Analysis, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.,Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Yuta Horiuchi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Fumi Kano
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.,Cell Biology Unit, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Masayuki Murata
- Laboratory of Frontier Image Analysis, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.,Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.,Cell Biology Unit, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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178
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Lee J, Imm JY, Lee SH. β-Catenin Mediates Anti-adipogenic and Anticancer Effects of Arctigenin in Preadipocytes and Breast Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:2513-2520. [PMID: 28279068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Arctigenin is a lignan abundant in Asteraceae plants and has anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, and anticancer activities. Obesity is one of the leading causes of several types of cancers including breast cancer. The current study was performed to investigate if arctigenin suppresses differentiation of preadipocytes and proliferation of breast cancer cells and to explore potential molecular mechanisms. Treatment of arctigenin reduced lipid accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner without toxicity. Arctigenin suppressed the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha (C/EBPα), perilipin, and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) in a dose-dependent manner in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Both total and unphosphorylated (active) β-catenin were increased in whole cell lysates and the nuclear fraction of differentiated 3T3-L1 cells treated with 25 μM arctigenin. On the other hand, arctigenin decreased proliferation of two human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). Arctigenin induced apoptosis and decreased expression of total and unphosphorylated (active) β-catenin and cyclin D1 in MCF-7, but not in MDA-MB-231. These data indicate that arctigenin suppressed adipogenesis in preadipocytes and activated apoptosis in estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer cells through modulating expression of β-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jee-Young Imm
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Kookmin University , Seoul 136-702, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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179
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Impact on Autophagy and Ultraviolet B Induced Responses of Treatment with the MTOR Inhibitors Rapamycin, Everolimus, Torin 1, and pp242 in Human Keratinocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5930639. [PMID: 28400912 PMCID: PMC5376460 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5930639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of Rapamycin (MTOR) protein is a crucial signaling regulator in mammalian cells that is extensively involved in cellular biology. The function of MTOR signaling in keratinocytes remains unclear. In this study, we detected the MTOR signaling and autophagy response in the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT and human epidermal keratinocytes treated with MTOR inhibitors. Moreover, we detected the impact of MTOR inhibitors on keratinocytes exposed to the common carcinogenic stressors ultraviolet B (UVB) and UVA radiation. As a result, keratinocytes were sensitive to the MTOR inhibitors Rapamycin, everolimus, Torin 1, and pp242, but the regulation of MTOR downstream signaling was distinct. Next, autophagy induction only was observed in HaCaT cells treated with Rapamycin. Furthermore, we found that MTOR signaling was insensitive to UVB but sensitive to UVA radiation. UVB treatment also had no impact on the inhibition of MTOR signaling by MTOR inhibitors. Finally, MTOR inhibition by Rapamycin, everolimus, or pp242 did not affect the series of biological events in keratinocytes exposed to UVB, including the downregulation of BiP and PERK, activation of Histone H2A and JNK, and cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP. Our study demonstrated that MTOR inhibition in keratinocytes cannot always induce autophagy, and the MTOR pathway does not play a central role in the UVB triggered cellular response.
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180
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Chen X, Wu X, Ouyang W, Gu M, Gao Z, Song M, Chen Y, Lin Y, Cao Y, Xiao H. Novel ent-Kaurane Diterpenoid from Rubus corchorifolius L. f. Inhibits Human Colon Cancer Cell Growth via Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:1566-1573. [PMID: 28169543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The tender leaves of Rubus corchorifolius L. f. have been consumed as tea for drinking in China since ancient times. In this study, a novel ent-kaurane diterpenoid was isolated and identified from R. corchorifolius L. f. leaves as ent-kaur-2-one-16β,17-dihydroxy-acetone-ketal (DEK). DEK suppressed the growth of HCT116 human colon cancer cells with an IC50 value of 40 ± 0.21 μM, while it did not cause significant growth inhibition on CCD-18Co human colonic myofibroblasts at up to100 μM. Moreover, DEK induced extensive apoptosis and S phase cell cycle arrest in the colon cancer cells. Accordingly, DEK caused profound effects on multiple signaling proteins associated with cell proliferation, cell death, and inflammation. DEK significantly upregulated the expression levels of pro-apoptotic proteins such as cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved PARP, p53, Bax, and tumor suppressor p21Cip1/Waf1, downregulated the levels of cell cycle regulating proteins such as cyclinD1, CDK2, and CDK4 and carcinogenic proteins such as EGFR and COX-2, and suppressed the activation of Akt. Overall, our results provide a basis for using DEK as a potential chemopreventive agent against colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexiang Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- College of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Wen Ouyang
- Pharmacy College, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Changsha 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Gu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Zili Gao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Mingyue Song
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Yunjiao Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Natural Products , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyin Lin
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Natural Products , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Cao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Natural Products , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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181
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Harvey E, Zhang H, Sepúlveda P, Garcia SP, Sweeney D, Choudry FA, Castellano D, Thomas GN, Kattach H, Petersen R, Blake DJ, Taggart DP, Frontini M, Watt SM, Martin-Rendon E. Potency of Human Cardiosphere-Derived Cells from Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease Is Associated with Robust Vascular Supportive Ability. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1399-1411. [PMID: 28205406 PMCID: PMC5442720 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiosphere-derived cell (CDC) infusion into damaged myocardium has shown some reparative effect; this could be improved by better selection of patients and cell subtype. CDCs isolated from patients with ischemic heart disease are able to support vessel formation in vitro but this ability varies between patients. The primary aim of our study was to investigate whether the vascular supportive function of CDCs impacts on their therapeutic potential, with the goal of improving patient stratification. A subgroup of patients produced CDCs which did not efficiently support vessel formation (poor supporter CDCs), had reduced levels of proliferation and increased senescence, despite them being isolated in the same manner and having a similar immunophenotype to CDCs able to support vessel formation. In a rodent model of myocardial infarction, poor supporter CDCs had a limited reparative effect when compared to CDCs which had efficiently supported vessel formation in vitro. This work suggests that not all patients provide cells which are suitable for cell therapy. Assessing the vascular supportive function of cells could be used to stratify which patients will truly benefit from cell therapy and those who would be better suited to an allogeneic transplant or regenerative preconditioning of their cells in a precision medicine fashion. This could reduce costs, culture times and improve clinical outcomes and patient prognosis. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:1399-1411.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huajun Zhang
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,R&D Division, National Health Service (NHS)-Blood and Transplant, Oxford Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pilar Sepúlveda
- Mixed Unit for Cardiovascular Repair, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara P Garcia
- Department of Haematology.,British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,R&D Division, National Health Service (NHS)-Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic Sweeney
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine.,R&D Division, National Health Service (NHS)-Blood and Transplant, Oxford Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fizzah A Choudry
- Department of Haematology.,British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Delia Castellano
- Mixed Unit for Cardiovascular Repair, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - George N Thomas
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,R&D Division, National Health Service (NHS)-Blood and Transplant, Oxford Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hassan Kattach
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Romina Petersen
- Mixed Unit for Cardiovascular Repair, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Haematology
| | - Derek J Blake
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - David P Taggart
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mattia Frontini
- Department of Haematology.,British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,R&D Division, National Health Service (NHS)-Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne M Watt
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine.,R&D Division, National Health Service (NHS)-Blood and Transplant, Oxford Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Enca Martin-Rendon
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine.,R&D Division, National Health Service (NHS)-Blood and Transplant, Oxford Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
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182
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Cheng S, Castillo V, Welty M, Alvarado M, Eliaz I, Temm CJ, Sandusky GE, Sliva D. BreastDefend enhances effect of tamoxifen in estrogen receptor-positive human breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:115. [PMID: 28209156 PMCID: PMC5314617 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1621-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tamoxifen (TAM) has been widely used for the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer and its combination with other therapies is being actively investigated as a way to increase efficacy and decrease side effects. Here, we evaluate the therapeutic potential of co-treatment with TAM and BreastDefend (BD), a dietary supplement formula, in ER-positive human breast cancer. METHODS Cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined in ER-positive human breast cancer cells MCF-7 by MTT assay, quantitation of cytoplasmic histone-associated DNA fragments and expression of cleaved PARP, respectively. The molecular mechanism was identified using RNA microarray analysis and western blotting. Tumor tissues from xenograft mouse model were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Our data clearly demonstrate that a combination of 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) with BD lead to profound inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. This effect is consistent with the regulation of apoptotic and TAM resistant genes at the transcription and translation levels. Importantly, TAM and BD co-treatment significantly enhanced apoptosis, suppressed tumor growth and reduced tumor weight in a xenograft model of human ER-positive breast cancer. CONCLUSION BD sensitized ER-positive human breast cancer cells to 4-OHT/TAM treatment in vitro and in vivo. BreastDefend can be used in an adjuvant therapy to increase the therapeutic effect of tamoxifen in patients with ER-positive breast cancer.
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183
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Xue B, Wang L, Zhang Z, Wang R, Xia XX, Han PP, Cao LJ, Liu YH, Sun LQ. Puerarin may protect against Schwann cell damage induced by glucose fluctuation. J Nat Med 2017; 71:472-481. [PMID: 28181078 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-016-1067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Puerarin is one of the major active ingredients in Gegen, a traditional Chinese herb that has been reported to have a wide variety of beneficial pharmacology functions. Previous studies have implicated that the damaging effects of hyperglycemia resulting from oxidative stress and glucose fluctuation may be more dangerous than constant high glucose in the development of diabetes-related complications. The present study focuses on the effects of puerarin on glucose fluctuation-induced oxidative stress-induced Schwann cell (SC) apoptosis in vitro. Primarily cultured SCs were exposed to different conditions and the effect of puerarin on cell viability was determined by MTT assays. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial transmembrane potential were detected by flow cytometry analysis. Apoptosis was confirmed by the Annexin V-FITC/PI and TUNEL method. Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze the expression levels of bax and bcl-2. Western blot was performed to analyze the expression levels of some important transcription factors and proteins. The results showed that incubating SCs with intermittent high glucose for 48 h decreased cell viability and increased the number of apoptotic cells whereas treating with puerarin protected SCs against glucose fluctuation-induced cell damage. Further study demonstrated that puerarin suppressed activation of apoptosis-related proteins including PARP and caspase-3, downregulation of bcl-2, and upregulation of intracellular distribution of bax from cytosol to mitochondria, which was induced by glucose fluctuation. Moreover, puerarin inhibited the elevation of intracellular ROS and mitochondrial depolarization induced by glucose fluctuation. These results suggest that puerarin may protect SCs against glucose fluctuation-induced cell injury through inhibiting apoptosis as well as oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xue
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, 83 Wenhua Rd, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yantaxi Rd, Xi'an, 710061, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yantaxi Rd, Xi'an, 710061, Shanxi, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yantaxi Rd, Xi'an, 710061, Shanxi, China
| | - Xin-Xin Xia
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yantaxi Rd, Xi'an, 710061, Shanxi, China
| | - Ping-Ping Han
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yantaxi Rd, Xi'an, 710061, Shanxi, China
| | - Li-Jun Cao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yantaxi Rd, Xi'an, 710061, Shanxi, China
| | - Yong-Hui Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yantaxi Rd, Xi'an, 710061, Shanxi, China
| | - Lian-Qing Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yantaxi Rd, Xi'an, 710061, Shanxi, China.
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184
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Bis(3,5-diiodo-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)squaraine photodynamic therapy disrupts redox homeostasis and induce mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42126. [PMID: 28169351 PMCID: PMC5294812 DOI: 10.1038/srep42126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically established and highly evolving treatment modality for cancer. PDT utilizes a light responsive drug called photosensitizer that selectively destroys tumor cells upon light irradiation. Squaraines are a class of dyes possessing all favorable characteristics of a photosensitizer and have been considered to be a potent candidate for next generation PDT. In this study we chose an iodo derivative of squaraine called diiodo-squaraine (bis(3, 5-diiodo-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)squaraine) which has been reported for its tumor specificity but least studied for its cellular and molecular functions. Our studies revealed that the iodo derivative of squaraine possess maximum photodynamic activity in human breast cancer cells MDA- MB- 231 and had very little cytotoxicity in normal breast cells MCF-10A. We analyzed its pro and anti-apoptotic events initiated by oxidative stress exploring a proteomic approach and delineated other critical molecular pathways and key proteins involved in regulating the complex network of cellular response upon PDT. Our study showed that, diiodo- squaraines predominantly accumulate in mitochondria and induce mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Our study also reveals the novel mechanistic role of diiodo-squaraines to induce oxidative stress there by activating both protective and death inducing pathways post PDT.
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185
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Methotrexate prevents epidural fibrosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 796:131-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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186
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Bidou L, Bugaud O, Belakhov V, Baasov T, Namy O. Characterization of new-generation aminoglycoside promoting premature termination codon readthrough in cancer cells. RNA Biol 2017; 14:378-388. [PMID: 28145797 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2017.1285480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsense mutations, generating premature termination codons (PTCs), account for 10% to 30% of the mutations in tumor suppressor genes. Nonsense translational suppression, induced by small molecules including gentamicin and G418, has been suggested as a potential therapy to counteract the deleterious effects of nonsense mutations in several genetic diseases and cancers. We describe here that NB124, a synthetic aminoglycoside derivative recently developed especially for PTC suppression, strongly induces apoptosis in human tumor cells by promoting high level of PTC readthrough. Using a reporter system, we showed that NB124 suppressed several of the PTCs encountered in tumor suppressor genes, such as the p53 and APC genes. We also showed that NB124 counteracted p53 mRNA degradation by nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). Both PTC suppression and mRNA stabilization contributed to the production of a full-length p53 protein capable of activating p53-dependent genes, thereby specifically promoting high levels of apoptosis. This new-generation aminoglycoside thus outperforms the only clinically available readthrough inducer (gentamicin). These results have important implications for the development of personalised treatments of PTC-dependent diseases and for the development of new drugs modifying translation fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Bidou
- a Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France.,b Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette cedex , France
| | - Olivier Bugaud
- b Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette cedex , France
| | - Valery Belakhov
- c Edith and Joseph Fischer Enzyme Inhibitors Laboratory, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion IIT , Haifa , Israel
| | - Timor Baasov
- c Edith and Joseph Fischer Enzyme Inhibitors Laboratory, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion IIT , Haifa , Israel
| | - Olivier Namy
- b Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette cedex , France
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187
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Caspase-mediated proteolysis of the sorting nexin 2 disrupts retromer assembly and potentiates Met/hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:16100. [PMID: 28179995 PMCID: PMC5253419 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2016.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The unfolding of apoptosis involves the cleavage of hundreds of proteins by the caspase family of cysteinyl peptidases. Among those substrates are proteins involved in intracellular vesicle trafficking with a net outcome of shutting down the crucial processes governing protein transport to organelles and to the plasma membrane. However, because of the intertwining of receptor trafficking and signaling, cleavage of specific proteins may lead to unintended consequences. Here we show that in apoptosis, sorting nexin 1 and 2 (SNX1 and SNX2), two proteins involved in endosomal sorting, are cleaved by initiator caspases and also by executioner caspase-6 in the case of SNX2. Moreover, SNX1 is cleaved at multiple sites, including following glutamate residues. Cleavage of SNX2 results in a loss of association with the endosome-to-trans-Golgi network transport protein Vps35 and in a delocalization from endosomes of its associated partner Vps26. We also demonstrate that SNX2 depletion causes an increase in hepatocyte growth factor receptor tyrosine phosphorylation and Erk1/2 signaling in cells. Finally, we show that SNX2 mRNA and protein levels are decreased in colorectal carcinoma and that lower SNX2 gene expression correlates with an increase in cancer patient mortality. Our study reveals the importance to characterize the cleavage fragments produced by caspases of specific death substrates given their potential implication in the mechanism of regulation of physiological (signaling/trafficking) pathways or in the dysfunction leading to pathogenesis.
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188
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Guon TE, Chung HS. Induction of Apoptosis withMoringa oleiferaFruits in HCT116 Human Colon Cancer Cells Via Intrinsic Pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.20307/nps.2017.23.4.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Eun Guon
- College of Natural Sciences, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Korea
| | - Ha Sook Chung
- College of Natural Sciences, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Korea
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189
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Zhu L, Jia F, Wei J, Yu Y, Yu T, Wang Y, Sun J, Luo G. Salidroside protects against homocysteine-induced injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells via the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cardiovasc Ther 2016; 35:33-39. [PMID: 27809414 DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Department of Cardiology; Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Changzhou China
| | - Fang Jia
- Department of Cardiology; Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Changzhou China
| | - Jiang Wei
- Comprehensive Laboratory; Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Changzhou China
| | - Yang Yu
- Comprehensive Laboratory; Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Changzhou China
| | - Tianhong Yu
- Department of Cardiology; Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Changzhou China
| | - Yanjun Wang
- Department of Cardiology; Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Changzhou China
| | - Jianhui Sun
- Department of Cardiology; Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Changzhou China
| | - Guanghua Luo
- Comprehensive Laboratory; Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Changzhou China
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190
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HnRNP L is important for the expression of oncogene SRSF3 and oncogenic potential of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35976. [PMID: 27808105 PMCID: PMC5093901 DOI: 10.1038/srep35976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the leading cause of death related to oral diseases. The mechanisms of OSCC development remain largely unknown. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (HnRNP L) is a multi-functional splicing factor. It has been reported to be an important regulator of apoptosis. However, the functions of hnRNP L in cancer need to be further explored. In the present study, we found that OSCC tissues expressed significantly higher levels of hnRNP L than normal tissues. Depletion of hnRNP L retarded cell growth, cell migration, and tumorigenesis of OSCC cells. HnRNP L regulates both the expression of oncogenic splicing factor SRSF3 and the alternative splicing of SRSF3 exon 4. Expression of hnRNP L is correlated with SRSF3 expression in OSCC tissues. These findings suggest that hnRNP L is important for the pathogenesis of OSCC and may be a novel potential therapeutic target of OSCC.
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191
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Gan H, Hao Q, Idell S, Tang H. Interferon-γ promotes double-stranded RNA-induced TLR3-dependent apoptosis via upregulation of transcription factor Runx3 in airway epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L1101-L1112. [PMID: 27793801 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00278.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral respiratory tract infections are the most common illness in humans. Infection of the respiratory viruses results in accumulation of viral replicative double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which is one of the important components of infecting viruses for the induction of lung epithelial cell apoptosis and innate immune response, including the production of interferon (IFN). In the present study, we have investigated the regulation of dsRNA-induced airway epithelial cell apoptosis by IFN. We found that transcription factor Runx3 was strongly induced by type-II IFNγ, slightly by type-III IFNλ, but essentially not by type-I IFNα in airway epithelial cells. IFNγ-induced expression of Runx3 was predominantly mediated by JAK-STAT1 pathway and partially by NF-κB pathway. Interestingly, Runx3 can be synergistically induced by IFNγ with a synthetic analog of viral dsRNA polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) through both JAK-STAT1 and NF-κB pathways. We further found that dsRNA poly(I:C)-induced apoptosis of airway epithelial cells was mediated by dsRNA receptor toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and was markedly augmented by IFNγ through the enhanced expression of TLR3 and subsequent activation of both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. Last, we demonstrated that upregulation of Runx3 by IFNγ promoted TLR3 expression, thus amplifying the dsRNA-induced apoptosis in airway epithelial cells. These novel findings indicate that IFNγ promotes dsRNA-induced TLR3-dependent apoptosis via upregulation of transcription factor Runx3 in airway epithelial cells. Findings from our study may provide new insights into the regulation of airway epithelial cell apoptosis by IFNγ during viral respiratory tract infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huachen Gan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas; and
| | - Qin Hao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas; and
| | - Steven Idell
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas; and.,Texas Lung Injury Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas; and
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192
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MAF protein mediates innate resistance to proteasome inhibition therapy in multiple myeloma. Blood 2016; 128:2919-2930. [PMID: 27793878 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-03-706077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) patients with the t(14;16) translocation have a poor prognosis, and unlike other molecular subgroups, their outcome has not improved with the introduction of bortezomib (Bzb). The mechanism underlying innate resistance of MM to Bzb is unknown. In the present study, we have investigated how MAF overexpression impacts resistance to proteasome inhibitor (PI) therapy (Bzb and carfilzomib). High levels of MAF protein were found in t(14;16) cell lines; cell lines from the t(4;14) subgroup had intermediate levels, whereas cell lines from the other subgroups had low levels. High expression of MAF protein in t(14;16) was associated with significantly higher PI half-maximum inhibitory concentration values compared with other molecular subgroups. PI exposure abrogated glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)-mediated degradation of MAF protein, resulting in increased MAF protein stability and PI resistance. Subsequent studies using loss-of-function and gain-of-function models showed that silencing MAF led to increased sensitivity to PIs, enhanced apoptosis, and activation of caspase-3, -7, -8, -9, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and lamin A/C. In contrast, overexpression of MAF resulted in increased resistance to PIs and reduced apoptosis. These results define the role of MAF and GSK3 in the resistance of t(14;16) MM to PIs and identifies a novel mechanism by which MAF protein levels are regulated by PIs, which in turn confers resistance to PIs.
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193
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Okamoto A, Tanaka M, Sumi C, Oku K, Kusunoki M, Nishi K, Matsuo Y, Takenaga K, Shingu K, Hirota K. The antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine suppresses lidocaine-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species production and cell death in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells. BMC Anesthesiol 2016; 16:104. [PMID: 27776485 PMCID: PMC5078905 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-016-0273-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The local anesthetic lidocaine can affect intra- and extra-cellular signaling pathways in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells, resulting in long-term modulation of biological functions, including cell growth and death. Indeed, lidocaine was shown to induce necrosis and apoptosis in vitro. While several studies have suggested that lidocaine-induced apoptosis is mitochondrial pathway-dependent, it remains unclear whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in this process and whether the observed cell death can be prevented by antioxidant treatment. METHODS The effects of lidocaine and antioxidants on cell viability and death were evaluated using SH-SY5Y cells, HeLa cells, and HeLa cell derivatives. Cell viability was examined via MTS/PES ([3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt]/phenazine ethosulfate) assay. Meanwhile, cell apoptosis and necrosis were evaluated using a cell death detection assay with Annexin V-FITC and PI staining, as well as by assaying for caspase-3/7 and caspase-9 activity, and by measuring the release of lactate dehydrogenase, respectively. Mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) was assessed using the fluorescent probe tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester. RESULTS Lidocaine treatment resulted in suppression of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and subsequent attenuation of mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as enhanced ROS production, activation of caspase-3/7 and caspase-9, and induction of apoptosis and necrosis in SH-SY5Y cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Likewise, the anesthetics mepivacaine and bupivacaine also induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. Notably, the antioxidants N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and Trolox successfully scavenged the mitochondria-derived ROS and suppressed local lidocaine-induced cell death. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that the local anesthetics lidocaine, mepivacaine, and bupivacaine inhibited the activity of mitochondria and induced apoptosis and necrosis in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, they demonstrate that treatment with the antioxidants NAC, Trolox, and GGA resulted in preservation of mitochondrial voltage and inhibition of apoptosis via suppression of caspase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihisa Okamoto
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tanaka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Chisato Sumi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Kanako Oku
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Munenori Kusunoki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Nishi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Matsuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Keizo Takenaga
- Department of Life Science, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Koh Shingu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Kiichi Hirota
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan.
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194
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Zhang L, Wang G, Chen S, Ding J, Ju S, Cao H, Tian H. Depletion of thymopoietin inhibits proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest/apoptosis in glioblastoma cells. World J Surg Oncol 2016; 14:267. [PMID: 27756319 PMCID: PMC5069786 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-016-1018-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant nervous system tumor with an almost 100 % recurrence rate. Thymopoietin (TMPO) has been demonstrated to be upregulated in various tumors, including lung cancer, breast cancer, and so on, but its role in GBM has not been reported. This study was aimed to determine the role of TMPO in GBM. METHODS Publicly available Oncomine dataset analysis was used to explore the expression level of TMPO in GBM specimens. Then the expression of TMPO was knocked down in GBM cells using lentiviral system, and the knockdown efficacy was further validated by real-time quantitative PCR and western blot analysis. Furthermore, the effects of TMPO silencing on GBM cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined by MTT, colony formation, and flow cytometry analysis. Meanwhile, the expression of apoptotic markers caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were investigated by western blot analysis. RESULTS This study observed that the expression of TMPO in GBM specimens was remarkably higher than that in normal brain specimens. Moreover, knockdown of TMPO could significantly inhibit cell proliferation and arrest cell cycle progression at the G2/M phase. It also found that TMPO knockdown promoted cell apoptosis by upregulation of the cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP protein levels which are the markers of apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested TMPO might be a novel therapeutic target for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Gan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Shiwen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Shiming Ju
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Heli Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Hengli Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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195
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Liu X, Song M, Gao Z, Cai X, Dixon W, Chen X, Cao Y, Xiao H. Stereoisomers of Astaxanthin Inhibit Human Colon Cancer Cell Growth by Inducing G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:7750-7759. [PMID: 27726394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AST) is a xanthophyll carotenoid with potential protective effects against carcinogenesis. Different stereoisomers of AST (ASTs) exist in a variety of food sources. Due to limited information on the bioactivities of ASTs, the present study investigated the inhibitory effects of ASTs on HCT116 and HT29 human colon cancer cells. ASTs investigated herein included 3S,3'S (S) from Haematococcus pluvialis, 3R,3'R (R) from Phaffia rhodozyma, and a statistical mixture (S: meso: R = 1:2:1) (M) from synthetic AST. Cell viability assay showed that ASTs all inhibited colon cancer cell growth in a time-dependent (24-72 h) and dose-dependent (4-16 μM) manner, and there was no significant difference among the IC50 values of ASTs (p > 0.05). Flow cytometry analysis indicated that ASTs induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and cellular apoptosis in cancer cells. The cell cycle arrest caused by ASTs was associated with increases in the expression levels of p21Cip1/Waf1, p27, and p53, as well as decreases in the levels of CDK4 and CDK6. Meanwhile, the apoptosis induced by ASTs was confirmed by activation of caspase-3 and PARP in the cancer cells. The results indicated that hydroxyl (OH) at C3 and C3' of terminal ring structure might not be the major factor that affects the anticancer activity of AST. This study revealed important information on the inhibitory effects of ASTs on human colon cancer cells, which provided a basis for using ASTs as chemopreventive agents for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Liu
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Mingyue Song
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Zili Gao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Xiaokun Cai
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - William Dixon
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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196
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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Multi-target-Directed Benzazepines Against Excitotoxicity. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6697-6722. [PMID: 27744571 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0184-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Excitotoxicty, a key pathogenic event is characteristic of the onset and development of neurodegeneration. The glutamatergic neurotransmission mediated through different glutamate receptor subtypes plays a pivotal role in the onset of excitotoxicity. The role of NMDA receptor (NMDAR), a glutamate receptor subtype, has been well established in the excitotoxicity pathogenesis. NMDAR overactivation triggers excessive calcium influx resulting in excitotoxic neuronal cell death. In the present study, a series of benzazepine derivatives, with the core structure of 3-methyltetrahydro-3H-benzazepin-2-one, were synthesised in our laboratory and their NMDAR antagonist activity was determined against NMDA-induced excitotoxicity using SH-SY5Y cells. In order to assess the multi-target-directed potential of the synthesised compounds, Aβ1-42 aggregation inhibitory activity of the most potent benzazepines was evaluated using thioflavin T (ThT) and Congo red (CR) binding assays as Aβ also imparts toxicity, at least in part, through NMDAR overactivation. Furthermore, neuroprotective, free radical scavenging, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic activities of the two potential test compounds (7 and 14) were evaluated using primary rat hippocampal neuronal culture against Aβ1-42-induced toxicity. Finally, in vivo neuroprotective potential of 7 and 14 was assessed using intracerebroventricular (ICV) rat model of Aβ1-42-induced toxicity. All of the synthesised benzazepines have shown significant neuroprotection against NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. The most potent compound (14) showed relatively higher affinity for the glycine binding site as compared with the glutamate binding site of NMDAR in the molecular docking studies. 7 and 14 have been shown experimentally to abrogate Aβ1-42 aggregation efficiently. Additionally, 7 and 14 showed significant neuroprotective, free radical scavenging, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic properties in different in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Finally, 7 and 14 attenuated Aβ1-42-induced tau phosphorylation by abrogating activation of tau kinases, i.e. MAPK and GSK-3β. Thus, the results revealed multi-target-directed potential of some of the synthesised novel benzazepines against excitotoxicity.
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197
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Cho M, Jung SW, Lee S, Son K, Park GH, Jung JW, Shin YS, Seo T, Kang H. Genipin Enhances Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Genome Maintenance. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163693. [PMID: 27736870 PMCID: PMC5063574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a Gammaherpesvirus that causes acute infection and establishes life-long latency. KSHV causes several human cancers, including Kaposi's sarcoma, an acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Genipin, an aglycone derived from geniposide found in Gardenia jasminoides, is known to be an excellent natural cross-linker, strong apoptosis inducer, and antiviral agent. Although evidence suggests antiviral activity of genipin in several in vitro viral infection systems, no inhibitory effect of genipin on KSHV infection has been reported. Thus, our aim was to determine, using the iSLK-BAC16 KSHV infection system, whether genipin has inhibitory effects on KSHV infection. For this purpose, we evaluated biological effects of genipin on KSHV infection and finally determined the underlying mechanisms responsible for the bioactive effects of genipin. A cytotoxicity assay revealed that genipin caused 50% cytotoxicity at 49.5 μM in iSLK-puro (KSHV-negative) cells and at 72.5 μM in iSLK-BAC16 (KSHV-positive) cells. Caspase 3/7 activities were slightly suppressed by genipin treatment in iSLK-BAC16 cells while significantly induced in iSLK-puro cells. Production of the KSHV latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA), but not that of the R-transactivator (RTA) protein, was significantly induced by genipin treatment at lower concentration. Consistent with the LANA upregulation, KSHV LANA transcripts, but not RTA transcripts, were expressed at a higher level. Furthermore, KSHV intracellular copy numbers were slightly increased at lower concentration of genipin, while KSHV extracellular copy numbers were significantly increased at higher concentration of genipin. Interestingly, genipin treatment at a lower concentration did induce the expression of DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1); however, a co-immunoprecipitation assay showed that the DNMT1 and LANA induced by genipin did not co-precipitate from iSLK-BAC16 cells. Moreover, a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that genipin treatment enhanced the binding of CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) to the CTCF-binding site in the KSHV latency control region but suppressed the binding of structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 3 (SMC3) to this site. Genipin treatment also led to the recruitment of additional RNA polymerase to the majority of binding sites of some interesting proteins in the KSHV latency control region, which might be related to the extension of S phase in iSLK-BAC16 cells by genipin treatment. Finally, genipin treatment at lower concentration could promote the KSHV latent replication. In contrast, the treatment at higher concentration could induce the KSHV lytic replication. In conclusion, genipin was shown to be an interesting reagent, which we used to manipulate KSHV life cycle in KSHV latently infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyeon Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Cancer Research Institute and Institute of Microorganism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Won Jung
- College of Pharmacy and Cancer Research Institute and Institute of Microorganism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Soomin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Cancer Research Institute and Institute of Microorganism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuwon Son
- College of Pharmacy and Cancer Research Institute and Institute of Microorganism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Hwan Park
- College of Pharmacy and Cancer Research Institute and Institute of Microorganism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Wha Jung
- College of Pharmacy and Cancer Research Institute and Institute of Microorganism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Su Shin
- Department of Medicinal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Taegun Seo
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojeung Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Cancer Research Institute and Institute of Microorganism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (HK); (HC)
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198
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Schuhwerk H, Atteya R, Siniuk K, Wang ZQ. PARPing for balance in the homeostasis of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 63:81-91. [PMID: 27664469 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite more than 50 years of research, the vast majority of the biology of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) still remains a gross mystery. Originally described to be a part of the DNA repair machinery, poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) is synthesized immediately by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs, also known as ARTDs) upon DNA damage and then rapidly removed by degrading enzymes. PAR provides a delicate and spatiotemporal interaction scaffold for numerous target proteins. Thus, the multifaceted PARylation system, consisting of PAR itself and its synthesizers and erasers, plays diverse roles in the DNA damage response (DDR), in DNA repair, transcription, replication, chromatin remodelling, metabolism and cell death. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the biology of PARylation, focusing on the functionality and the activities of the PARPs' founding member PARP1/ARTD1, which is modulated by a variety of posttranslational modifications. We also discuss the homeostasis of PAR - a process which is maintained by the balance of PAR synthesizers and erasers. We aim to sensitize the scientific community to the complexity of PAR homeostasis. Finally, we provide some perspective on how future research could try to disentangle the biology of PARylation - perhaps the most sophisticated, but still intricate posttranslational modification described to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Schuhwerk
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Reham Atteya
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Kanstantsin Siniuk
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Fürstengraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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199
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Wang DD, Chen Y, Chen ZB, Yan FJ, Dai XY, Ying MD, Cao J, Ma J, Luo PH, Han YX, Peng Y, Sun YH, Zhang H, He QJ, Yang B, Zhu H. CT-707, a Novel FAK Inhibitor, Synergizes with Cabozantinib to Suppress Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Blocking Cabozantinib-Induced FAK Activation. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2916-2925. [PMID: 27638856 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and the development of new treatment regimens is urgently needed to improve therapeutic approach. In our study, we found that the combination of a Met inhibitor, cabozantinib, and a novel FAK inhibitor, CT-707, exerted synergistic antitumor effects against hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo Interestingly, further studies showed that therapeutic concentrations of cabozantinib increased the phosphorylation of FAK, which might attenuate the antitumor activity of cabozantinib. The simultaneous exposure to CT-707 effectively inhibited the activation of FAK that was induced by cabozantinib, which contributes to the synergistic effect of the combination. Furthermore, cabozantinib increased the mRNA and protein levels of integrin α5, which is a canonical upstream of FAK, and the introduction of cilengitide to block integrin function could abrogate FAK activation by cabozantinib, indicating that cabozantinib upregulated the phosphorylation of FAK in an integrin-dependent manner. Similar synergy was also observed on PHA-665752, another selective MET inhibitor, indicating that this observation might be a common characteristic of MET-targeting strategies. Our findings not only favor the development of the novel FAK inhibitor CT-707 as a therapeutic agent against hepatocellular carcinoma but also provide a new strategy of combining MET and FAK inhibitors to potentiate the anticancer activities of these two types of agents for treating hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(12); 2916-25. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Bo Chen
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang-Jie Yan
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Dai
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mei-Dan Ying
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji Cao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Hua Luo
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Xin Han
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Centaurus BioPharma Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Peng
- Department of Discovery Biology, Centaurus BioPharma Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Hui Sun
- Department of Discovery Biology, Centaurus BioPharma Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Discovery Biology, Centaurus BioPharma Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao-Jun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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200
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Serrano-Heras G, Cuenca-López MD, Montero JC, Corrales-Sanchez V, Morales JC, Núñez LE, Morís F, Pandiella A, Ocaña A. Phospho-kinase profile of colorectal tumors guides in the selection of multi-kinase inhibitors. Oncotarget 2016; 6:31272-83. [PMID: 26418718 PMCID: PMC4741604 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases play a central role in the oncogenesis of colorectal tumors and are attractive druggable targets. Detection of activated kinases within a tumor could open avenues for drug selection and optimization of new kinase inhibitors. By using a phosphokinase arrays with human colorectal tumors we identified activated kinases, including the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), components of the PI3K/mTOR pathway (AKT and S6), and STAT, among others. A pharmacological screening with kinase inhibitors against these proteins helped us to identify a new kinase inhibitor, termed EC-70124 that showed the highest anti-proliferative activity in cell lines. EC-70124 also inhibited cell migration and biochemical experiments demonstrated its effect targeting the PI3K/mTOR pathway. This drug also arrested cells at G2/M and induced apoptosis. Experiments in combination with standard chemotherapy used in the clinical setting indicated a synergistic effect. EC-70124 also reduced tumor growth in vivo and inhibited pS6 in the implanted tumors. In conclusion, by studying the kinase profile of colorectal tumors, we identified relevant activated pathways, and a new multi-kinase compound with significant antitumor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alberto Ocaña
- Translational Research Unit, Albacete University Hospital, Albacete, Spain
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