151
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Wong C, Wing-Cheuk Wong R, Kit-Ying So L, Yin-Chun Yam L. Evaluation of prognostication scores and proposal for refinement in malignant pleural effusion in Asians. Respir Med 2021; 189:106650. [PMID: 34688123 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Prognostication of malignant pleural effusion (MPE) guides treatment strategies but existing prognostication scores are yet to be validated in Asians. We aimed to evaluate the performance of these scores in an Asian population. A refined score was also proposed based on the impact of EGFR mutation on survival. METHODS Survival and clinical data of histocytologically-confirmed MPE patients from a Hong Kong hospital were analyzed with the LENT, modified-LENT, PROMISE and SELECT (converted from its original model) scores. A refinement of the LENT score for Asians was proposed by inclusion of EGFR status (EGFR-LENT), which was compared with the LENT score and validated in an independent patient cohort. RESULTS All prognostication scores performed well on risk stratification by Kaplan-Meier curve (log rank p < 0.0001) in 368 MPE patients except for LENT in low-risk group. C-statistics for LENT, modified LENT, PROMISE and SELECT in predicting 3-month mortality were 0.77, 0.80, 0.80 and 0.82, respectively. The proposed LENT score refinement (EGFR-LENT) improved stratification among low-risk patients; with a higher C-statistic (0.83) in 3-month mortality prediction than LENT (0.77, p = 0.0121), PROMISE (0.80, p = 0.3713), and SELECT (0.82, p = 0.7908) scores. Validation of EGFR-LENT in an independent cohort (124 patients) confirmed good performance in predicting 3-month mortality (C-statistic 0.87, vs 0.79 in LENT, p = 0.0444). CONCLUSION All existing scores had reasonable performance in prognosticating MPE, and LENT score refinement by inclusion of EGFR mutation status improved its performance among Asian MPE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Wong
- Department of Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong.
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152
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Aguilar-Serra J, Gimeno-Ballester V, Pastor-Clerigues A, Milara J, Trigo-Vicente C, Cortijo J. Cost-effectiveness analysis of the first-line EGFR-TKIs in patients with advanced EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2021; 22:637-646. [PMID: 34602008 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2022.1987220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of first-line treatments, such as erlotinib, gefitinib, afatinib, dacomitinib, and osimertinib, for patients diagnosed with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations. MATERIALS & METHODS A partitioned survival model was developed to estimate quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) from the perspective of the Spanish National Health System. Two Bayesian NMAs were performed independently, by using the polynomial fraction method to fit Kaplan-Meier curves for overall survival and progression-free survival. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the uncertainty. RESULTS The ICER was calculated for the four first-line treatments by comparing them with gefitinib, and the ratios obtained were as follows: €166,416/QALY for osimertinib, €183,682/QALY for dacomitinib, €167,554/QALY for afatinib, €36,196/QALY for erlotinib. It was seen that patients who received osimertinib presented higher QALYs (0.49), followed by dacomitinib (0.33), afatinib (0.32), erlotinib (0.31), and gefitinib (0.28). CONCLUSIONS Gefitinib is the most cost-effective treatment. In terms of QALYs gained, Osimertinib was more effective than all other TKIs. Nevertheless, with a Spanish threshold of €24,000/QALY, the reduction in the acquisition cost of osimertinib will have to be greater than 70%, to obtain a cost-effectiveness alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aguilar-Serra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - V Gimeno-Ballester
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Pastor-Clerigues
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pharmacy, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Milara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pharmacy, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pharmacy, Research Foundation of General Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Trigo-Vicente
- Department of Pharmacy, C.r.p. Nuestra Señora Del Pilar, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Pharmacy, Universidad San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J Cortijo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pharmacy, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
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153
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Xie Y, Su N, Zhou W, Lei A, Li X, Li W, Huang Z, Cen W, Hu J. Concomitant Pulmonary Tuberculosis Impair Survival in Advanced Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients Receiving EGFR-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:7517-7526. [PMID: 34621133 PMCID: PMC8491869 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s326349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Limited studies have clearly demonstrated the effect of EGFR-TKI in the treatment of EGFR mutant NSCLC patients with underlying pulmonary disease, like pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Here, we conducted the study to evaluate the impact of PTB on survival of Chinese EGFR mutant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients that underwent EGFR-TKI treatment. Methods Clinicopathologic data of 1448 LUAD patients harboring EGFR mutations from the Guangzhou Chest Hospital between 2017 and 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients receiving EGFR-TKI treatment were divided into PTB and non-PTB groups. The differences in response to EGFR-TKIs and survival between the two groups were assessed. Results After EGFR-TKIs treatment, the objective response rate (58.14% vs 47.62%) as well as disease control rate (97.67% vs 85.71%) were higher in the non-PTB group than in the PTB group, but there was no statistical difference. In the survival analysis, both the median progression-free survival (7.47 months vs 11.77 months, p = 0.038) and the overall survival (13.00 months vs 20.00 months, p = 0.001) were significantly shorter in the PTB group than in the non-PTB group. Furthermore, for patients with 19Del mutation, or metastases sites less than 3, or using first-line EGFR-TKI, EGFR-TKIs treatment significantly prolonged the median PFS and OS in patients without PTB. Conclusion LUAD patients with concomitant PTB have a poor response to EGFR-TKI treatment, especially in terms of survival outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Xie
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Su
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - An Lei
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Medical Business, Amoy Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan Huang
- Department of Medical Business, Amoy Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchang Cen
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxing Hu
- Department of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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154
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Sun S, Du W, Sun Q, Zhao X, Qin B, Shi D, Wan C, Wu Z. Driver gene alterations profiling of Chinese non-small cell lung cancer and the effects of co-occurring alterations on immunotherapy. Cancer Med 2021; 10:7360-7372. [PMID: 34599863 PMCID: PMC8525092 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Molecular testing for alterations in oncogenic driver genes and targeted therapies have become standard procedures for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, little evidence has shed light on the pattern of co‐existence of driver genes in NSCLC, and whether they may have different tumor features affecting immunotherapy is still unclarified. Methods Genomic alterations in 14 lung cancer‐related genes were conducted in 3440 Chinese NSCLC patients using next‐generation sequencing. Meanwhile, tumor mutational burden and immunotherapy dataset from the Memorial sloan kettering cancer center (MSKCC) and lung adenocarcinoma dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were utilized for analyzing the impact of the co‐occurring alterations on patients’ survival following immunotherapy. Results In this cohort, 90.17% of patients had at least one somatic alteration in the 14 genes, including 51% of co‐occurring alterations. TP53 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were the most prevalent genes (54.74% and 53.55%, respectively), followed by KRAS, ERBB2, ALK, PIK3CA, ROS1, RET, MET, BRAF, KIT, FGFR1, PDGFRA, and NRAS. The prevalence of TP53, EGFR, and ERBB2 in our cohort were significantly higher than that from the TCGA database, whereas KRAS, BRAF, and PDGFRA were significantly lower than the latter. Furthermore, the patients who harbored multiple alterations (8.86%, 31/350) in eight driver genes survived longer and have a higher tumor mutation burden compared to the patients with a single alteration. Similar result was found between the patients with co‐occurring alteration of EGFR and other driver genes and the patients with single EGFR alteration. Meanwhile, we found a distinct immune cell infiltration feature between patients with single and multiple driver gene alterations, as well as between patients with only EGFR alteration and co‐occurring groups. Conclusion This study identified a unique driver gene feature and found patients harboring co‐occurring alterations of EGFR and other driver genes may benefit from immunotherapy, which may provide more therapeutic selections for EGFR‐mutated NSCLC patients and merit additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Sun
- Medical Oncology Department, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Du
- Training Department of Medical Service Department, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Sun
- Medical Oncology Department, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- Medical Oncology Department, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Boyu Qin
- Medical Oncology Department, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Duozhi Shi
- Department of Medicine, Lifehealthcare Clinical Laboratories, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chong Wan
- Department of Medicine, Lifehealthcare Clinical Laboratories, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Wu
- Medical Oncology Department, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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155
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Prognostic Characteristics and Immunotherapy Response of Patients With Nonsquamous NSCLC With Kras Mutation in East Asian Populations: A Single-Center Cohort Study in Taiwan. JTO Clin Res Rep 2021; 2:100140. [PMID: 34589991 PMCID: PMC8474407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2020.100140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Kras mutation is the most common driver oncogene present in patients with NSCLC. Recently, the precision medicine for patients with Kras-mutated NSCLC has been under investigation, but the best treatment is still unknown. This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) response, and prognostic factors of patients with NSCLC with different Kras mutation subtypes. Methods From 2005 to 2018, we collected nonsquamous NSCLC tissue samples for Kras mutation analysis using direct Sanger sequencing or MassARRAY genotyping (Agena Bioscience, San Diego, CA) at the National Taiwan University Hospital. Clinical characteristics, ICI treatment effectiveness, time-to-tumor recurrence (TTR), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using multivariate Cox models, to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs). Results Among 5278 patients with nonsquamous NSCLC, 246 (4.7%) had Kras mutations. The major Kras mutation subtypes were G12C (32.9%), G12D (23.7%), and G12V (18.9%). Patients with Kras-G12C had a higher proportion of male individuals (p = 0.018) and smokers (p < 0.001). Among the 25 patients treated with ICIs, patients with Kras-G12C had a higher response rate (53.8% versus 8.3%, p = 0.030) and longer progression-free survival (4.8 mo versus 2.1 mo, p = 0.028) than those with Kras-non-G12C. For the 85 patients with early-stage NSCLC, those with G12C had shorter TTR (22.8 mo) than those with Kras-non-G12C (97.7 mo, p = 0.004). For the 143 patients with advanced-stage NSCLC, there was a significant difference in OS between patients with Kras-G12C and Kras-non-G12C (7.7 mo versus 6.0 mo, p = 0.018) and patients with Kras-G12V had the shortest OS (5.2 mo). Multivariate analysis revealed association of shorter OS with Kras-G12V (HR = 2.47, p = 0.002), stage IV disease status (HR = 2.69, p = 0.008), and NSCLC-not otherwise specified histology (HR = 3.12, p = 0.002). Conclusions Kras-G12C was associated with favorable ICI treatment effectiveness in patients with NSCLC. Kras-G12C mutation was associated with shorter TTR in patients with early-stage NSCLC, and Kras-G12V mutation was associated with shorter OS in patients with advanced-stage NSCLC when comparing with Kras-G12C.
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156
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Morita C, Yoshida T, Shirasawa M, Masuda K, Matsumoto Y, Shinno Y, Yagishita S, Okuma Y, Goto Y, Horinouchi H, Yamamoto N, Motoi N, Yatabe Y, Ohe Y. Clinical characteristics of advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients with EGFR exon 20 insertions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18762. [PMID: 34548567 PMCID: PMC8455549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98275-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 20 insertion mutations (Exon20ins) account for 4–12% of all EGFR mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Data on the differences in clinical characteristics between patients with Exon20ins and major mutations (M-mut) such as exon 19 deletion and L858R are limited. We retrospectively reviewed advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations, who were treated with systemic therapy between January 2011 and December 2019. We identified 23 patients with Exon20ins and 534 patients with M-mut. In Exon20ins patients, the median age was 60 (range 27–88) years, and females and never-smokers were predominant. Clinical characteristics were similar in the two groups. In Exon20ins patients, 17 patients received platinum doublet as first-line therapy, and the overall response rate (ORR) and median progression-free survival (mPFS) were 11.8% and 8.9 months. Additionally, seven patients received conventional EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and eight patients anti-PD-1 antibodies in any-line therapy. ORR and mPFS of EGFR-TKIs and anti-PD-1 antibodies were 0%, 2.2 months and 25%, 3.1 months, respectively. Overall survival was significantly shorter in Exon20ins patients than in M-mut patients (29.3 vs. 43.4 months, p = 0.04). The clinical outcomes in Exon20ins patients were not satisfactory compared to M-mut patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Morita
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yoshida
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Shirasawa
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Ken Masuda
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yuji Matsumoto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yuki Shinno
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yagishita
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okuma
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yasushi Goto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hidehito Horinouchi
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Noboru Yamamoto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Noriko Motoi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yatabe
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ohe
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
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157
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Chen YY, Yen YT, Lai WW, Huang WL, Chang CC, Tseng YL. Outcomes of salvage lung resections in advanced EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinomas under EGFR TKIs. Thorac Cancer 2021; 12:2655-2665. [PMID: 34498378 PMCID: PMC8520796 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies regarding the outcomes of salvage lung resections of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐mutant advanced lung adenocarcinomas (ALAs) following treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are limited, hence the objective of this study was to investigate such outcomes. Methods A total of 29 patients with EGFR‐mutant ALA who underwent salvage surgery after EGFR‐TKI treatment from October 2013 through January 2019 were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups according to the surgical indications. Their perioperative parameters and surgical outcomes, including progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), were then analyzed. Results The initial stages of the patients were stage IIIB (seven patients), IVA (17 patients), and IVB (five patients). Their surgical indications included residual tumor (25 patients) and progressive disease (PD) (four patients). They all underwent surgery via minimally invasive approaches and the median follow‐up was 33.9 months. Within that follow‐up duration, the median PFS after surgery was 36.4 months, and the median OS was still not reached. There were no significant differences in PFS or OS according to the different EGFR‐TKIs used, the different durations of EGFR‐TKI treatment before surgery, or the different surgical indications. However, the patients presenting with pleural seeding before EGFR‐TKI treatment had significantly poorer PFS and OS than the other patients (P < 0.001). Conclusions Salvage surgery following EGFR‐TKI treatment of ALAs is a safe procedure with acceptable intra‐ and postoperative results. However, studies involving more cases and longer follow‐up periods are needed to clarify its benefits. Key points Salvage surgery following EGFR‐TKI treatment of ALAs is a safe procedure with acceptable intra‐ and postoperative results. Our results support the use of surgery following treatment with EGFR‐TKIs such as afatinib in advanced lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yuan Chen
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Yi-Ting Yen
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Wu-Wei Lai
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Wei-Li Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Chao-Chun Chang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Yau-Lin Tseng
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
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158
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Feng HB, Chen Y, Xie Z, Jiang J, Zhong YM, Guo WB, Yan WQ, Lv ZY, Lu DX, Liang HL, Xu FP, Yang JJ, Yang XN, Zhou Q, Zhang DK, Zhang Z, Chuai SK, Zhang HH, Wu YL, Zhang XC. High SHP2 expression determines the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in advanced KRAS mutant non-small cell lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2021; 12:2564-2573. [PMID: 34490728 PMCID: PMC8487814 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is a novel target for Kirsten rat sarcoma oncogene (KRAS) mutant cancer. We retrospectively studied the significance of SHP2 in KRAS mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with immunotherapy and its relationship with tumor microenvironment (TME). METHODS Sixty-one advanced KRAS mutant NSCLC patients who underwent immunotherapy were enrolled. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to profile mutation status. The expression of SHP2, phospho-SHP2 (pSHP2), and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Quantitative multiplexed immunofluorescence cytochemistry (mIFC) analysis was conducted to describe the TME. RESULTS SHP2 was heterogeneously expressed in 32 samples in both tumor cells and immune cells and highly expressed (H-score >10) in 25 (78.1%) samples. The expression levels of SHP2 and pSHP2 were positively correlated. Stromal SHP2 (s-SHP2) was higher in tumors with PD-L1 ≥50% versus PD-L1 <50% (p = 0.039). By quantitative mIFC analysis, the expression of s-SHP2 had positive correlation with CD8, CD4, CD68, and PD-L1 levels in stromal area. Patients with high SHP2 expression made up 100.0% of the partial respond (PR) and 80.0% of the stable disease (SD), whereas 50.0% of the progress disease (PD). High SHP2 expression was associated with longer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) (p < 0.001, p = 0.013). Patients with high expression of both SHP2 and PD-L1 had longer PFS (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION High SHP2 expression could predict the efficacy of immunotherapy and better survival in advanced KRAS mutant NSCLC. SHP2 may function in both tumor cells and immune cells, warranting further study on the potential diverse effects of SHP2 inhibition in TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Bo Feng
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Xie
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Min Zhong
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Bang Guo
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Qing Yan
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Yi Lv
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Xia Lu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Ling Liang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang-Ping Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Ji Yang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Ning Yang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Kun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Chao Zhang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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159
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Zeng H, Li Y, Wang Y, Huang M, Zhang Y, Tian P, Li W. Case Report: Identification of Two Rare Fusions, PDK1-ALK and STRN-ALK, That Coexist in a Lung Adenocarcinoma Patient and the Response to Alectinib. Front Oncol 2021; 11:722843. [PMID: 34485156 PMCID: PMC8415000 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.722843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several double ALK fusions coexisting in one patient have been reported. However, few studies have reported the clinical efficacy of ALK inhibitors in rare double ALK fusions. Here, we described a rare PDK1-ALK, STRN-ALK double-fusion variant in a patient with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. The patient responded well to alectinib (600 mg) twice daily. This case shows a promising treatment option for patients with rare ALK double-fusion variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yalun Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Cancer Treatment Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Cancer Treatment Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meijuan Huang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Panwen Tian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Cancer Treatment Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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160
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Hou D, Li W, Wang S, Huang Y, Wang J, Tang W, Zhou L, Qi L, Wu N, Zhao S. Different Clinicopathologic and Computed Tomography Imaging Characteristics of Primary and Acquired EGFR T790M Mutations in Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:6389-6401. [PMID: 34413682 PMCID: PMC8370596 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s323972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Although patients with primary and acquired epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) respond to osimertinib treatment, the optimal treatment strategy differs for these two groups of patients. This study aimed to compare the clinicopathologic and computed tomography (CT) imaging characteristics between primary and acquired EGFR T790M mutations in patients with NSCLC before treatment. Patients and Methods We enrolled two groups of patients with primary or acquired EGFR T790M mutation NSCLC (n = 103 per group) from January 2012 to December 2019. We analyzed their clinicopathologic and CT characteristics and differences between the groups. The groups were further categorized based on 21L858R and 19del to exclude the effect of coexistent mutations. Results Primary, compared to acquired, T790M mutation tends to coexist with 21L858R (P < 0.001), exhibiting earlier tumor stage (P < 0.001), higher differentiation (P = 0.029), higher proportion of lepidic subtype adenocarcinoma (P < 0.001), and significant associations with some CT features (multiple primary lung cancers, ground-glass opacity, air bronchogram, and vacuole sign [all P < 0.001]). The combined model, composed of clinicopathologic and conventional CT signature and CT-radiomic signature, showed good discriminative ability with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.90 and 0.91 in the training and validation datasets, respectively. The T790M mutation contributed to these differences independently of coexistent mutations. Conclusion We identified clinicopathologic and CT imaging differences between primary and acquired T790M mutations. These findings provide insights into developing future personalized T790M mutation status-based theranostic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Hou
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Li
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sicong Wang
- GE Healthcare, Life Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Huang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Zhou
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Qi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Wu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,PET-CT Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijun Zhao
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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161
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Inoue Y, Matsubara O, Ohira Y, Endo S, Jinn Y. A case of synchronous multiple primary lung adenocarcinomas harboring epidermal growth factor receptor mutation and anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangement successfully treated with combination of osimertinib and alectinib. Respir Med Case Rep 2021; 33:101418. [PMID: 34401266 PMCID: PMC8348148 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2021.101418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Synchronous multiple primary lung cancers (SMPLC) should be distinguished from intrapulmonary metastasis to define the optimal treatment approach. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements are typically mutually exclusive and the co-existence of both mutations is relatively rare. Herein, we report a case of SMPLC harboring each EGFR mutation and ALK rearrangement successfully treated with combination of osimertinib and alectinib. A combination of EGFR- and ALK-tyrosine kinase inhibitors could be an effective and tolerable therapeutic option for SMPLC with EGFR mutations and ALK rearrangement.
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Key Words
- ALK rearrangement
- ALK, anaplastic lymphoma kinase
- Alectinib
- CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen
- CT, computed tomography
- EGFR mutation
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- GGN, ground glass nodule
- LLL, left lower lobe
- LUL, left upper lobe
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- Osimertinib
- RLL, right lower lobe
- RUL, right upper lobe
- SMPLC, synchronous multiple primary lung cancers
- Synchronous multiple primary lung cancers
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihisa Inoue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiratsuka Kyosai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
- Corresponding author. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiratsuka Kyosai Hospital, 9-11, Oiwake, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa, 254-8502, Japan.
| | - Osamu Matsubara
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Hiratsuka Kyosai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yumi Ohira
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiratsuka Kyosai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Endo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiratsuka Kyosai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuto Jinn
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiratsuka Kyosai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
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162
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Rosigkeit S, Kruchem M, Thies D, Kreft A, Eichler E, Boegel S, Jansky S, Siegl D, Kaps L, Pickert G, Haehnel P, Kindler T, Hartwig UF, Guerra C, Barbacid M, Schuppan D, Bockamp E. Definitive evidence for Club cells as progenitors for mutant Kras/Trp53-deficient lung cancer. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:1670-1682. [PMID: 34331774 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that both the nature of oncogenic lesions and the cell-of-origin can strongly influence cancer histopathology, tumor aggressiveness and response to therapy. Although oncogenic Kras expression and loss of Trp53 tumor suppressor gene function have been demonstrated to initiate murine lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs) in alveolar type II (AT2) cells, clear evidence that Club cells, representing the second major subset of lung epithelial cells, can also act as cells-of-origin for LUAD is lacking. Equally, the exact anatomic location of Club cells that are susceptible to Kras transformation and the resulting tumor histotype remains to be established. Here, we provide definitive evidence for Club cells as progenitors for LUAD. Using in vivo lineage tracing, we find that a subset of Kras12V -expressing and Trp53-deficient Club cells act as precursors for LUAD and we define the stepwise trajectory of Club cell-initiated tumors leading to lineage marker conversion and aggressive LUAD. Our results establish Club cells as cells-of-origin for LUAD and demonstrate that Club cell-initiated tumors have the potential to develop aggressive LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Rosigkeit
- Institute of Translational Immunology (TIM), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marie Kruchem
- Institute of Translational Immunology (TIM), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dorothe Thies
- Institute of Translational Immunology (TIM), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Kreft
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Emma Eichler
- Institute of Translational Immunology (TIM), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Boegel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Center of Autoimmunity, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sandrine Jansky
- Institute of Translational Immunology (TIM), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dominik Siegl
- Institute of Translational Immunology (TIM), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Leonard Kaps
- Institute of Translational Immunology (TIM), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Geethanjali Pickert
- Institute of Translational Immunology (TIM), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Patricia Haehnel
- III. Department of Medicine Hematology, Internal Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Kindler
- III. Department of Medicine Hematology, Internal Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Udo F Hartwig
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.,III. Department of Medicine Hematology, Internal Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carmen Guerra
- Experimental Oncology, Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Barbacid
- Experimental Oncology, Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology (TIM), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.,Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ernesto Bockamp
- Institute of Translational Immunology (TIM), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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163
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Hisada Y, Mackman N. Tissue Factor and Extracellular Vesicles: Activation of Coagulation and Impact on Survival in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153839. [PMID: 34359742 PMCID: PMC8345123 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The tissue factor (TF)-factor VIIa complex is the major physiological initiator of blood coagulation. Tumors express TF and release TF-positive extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the circulation, and this is associated with the activation of coagulation. Circulating levels of EVTF activity may be a useful biomarker to identify patients at risk for thrombosis. Tumor TF and TF-positive EVs are also associated with reduced survival. Abstract Tissue factor (TF) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that functions as a receptor for FVII/FVIIa and initiates the extrinsic coagulation pathway. Tumors and cancer cells express TF that can be released in the form of TF positive (TF+) extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this review, we summarize the studies of tumor TF and TF + EVs, and their association with activation of coagulation and survival in cancer patients. We also summarize the role of tumor-derived TF + EVs in venous thrombosis in mouse models. Levels of tumor TF and TF + EVs are associated with venous thromboembolism in pancreatic cancer patients. In addition, levels of EVTF activity are associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation in cancer patients. Furthermore, tumor-derived TF + EVs enhance venous thrombosis in mice. Tumor TF and TF + EVs are also associated with worse survival in cancer patients, particularly in pancreatic cancer patients. These studies indicate that EVTF activity could be used as a biomarker to identify pancreatic cancer patients at risk for venous thrombosis and cancer patients at risk for disseminated intravascular coagulation. EVTF activity may also be a useful prognostic biomarker in cancer patients.
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164
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Akahori D, Inoue Y, Inui N, Karayama M, Yasui H, Hozumi H, Suzuki Y, Furuhashi K, Fujisawa T, Enomoto N, Nakamura Y, Suda T. Comparative assessment of NOIR-SS and ddPCR for ctDNA detection of EGFR L858R mutations in advanced L858R-positive lung adenocarcinomas. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14999. [PMID: 34294857 PMCID: PMC8298558 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94592-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotyping epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an essential process to indicate lung adenocarcinoma patients for the most appropriate treatment. Liquid biopsy using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) potentially complements the use of tumor tissue biopsy for identifying genotype-specific mutations in cancer cells. We assessed the performance of a high-fidelity sequencing method that uses molecular barcodes called the nonoverlapping integrated read sequencing system (NOIR-SS) for detecting EGFR L858R-mutated alleles in 33 advanced or recurrent patients with L858R mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma revealed by matched tissue biopsy. We compared NOIR-SS with site-specific droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), which was taken as the reference, in terms of sensitivity and ability to quantify L858R variant allele fractions (VAFs). NOIR-SS and ddPCR had sensitivities of 87.9% (29/33) and 78.8% (26/33) for detecting L858R alleles, respectively. The VAFs measured by each assay were strongly correlated. Notably, one specimen was positive with a VAF of 30.12% for NOIR-SS but marginally positive with that of 0.05% for ddPCR because of a previously poorly recognized mechanism: two-base substitution-induced L858R (c.2573_2574delinsGA). These results indicate that NOIR-SS is a useful method for detecting ctDNA, potentially overcoming a limitation of ddPCR which highly depends on the binding ability of primers to specific targeting sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Akahori
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Naoki Inui
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan. .,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Masato Karayama
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hideki Yasui
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hironao Hozumi
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yuzo Suzuki
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kazuki Furuhashi
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujisawa
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Enomoto
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yutaro Nakamura
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suda
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
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165
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Xie L, Feng Y, Sun J. Fingerprint loss during combination therapy using osimertinib and anlotinib: A case report. J Clin Pharm Ther 2021; 47:248-250. [PMID: 34240438 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Recent studies prove that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors combined with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are more effective than EGFR TKI monotherapy for treatment of EGFR-mutated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the adverse effects associated with this treatment require further investigation. We report a case of fingerprint loss secondary to combination therapy using osimertinib (an EGFR TKI that targets mutated EGFR kinases) and anlotinib (a TKI that acts on multiple targets including mutated VEGFR kinases). CASE SUMMARY A 55-year-old man with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma and an EGFR L858R mutation received a 5-month course of platinum-based chemotherapy and icotinib. This regimen was subsequently switched to osimertinib plus anlotinib to achieve a better tumour response. This therapy led to fingerprint loss, which recovered following discontinuation of anlotinib treatment but subsequently recurred. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first report that describes fingerprint loss during combination therapy using osimertinib and anlotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiao Xie
- Cancer Institute, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongdong Feng
- Cancer Institute, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianguo Sun
- Cancer Institute, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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166
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Goss GD, Cobo M, Lu S, Syrigos K, Lee KH, Göker E, Georgoulias V, Isla D, Morabito A, Min YJ, Ardizzoni A, Bender S, Cseh A, Felip E. Afatinib versus erlotinib as second-line treatment of patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the lung: Final analysis of the randomised phase 3 LUX-Lung 8 trial. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 37:100940. [PMID: 34195574 PMCID: PMC8225678 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND LUX-Lung 8 was a randomised, controlled, phase 3 study comparing afatinib and erlotinib as second-line treatment of patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung. We report the final overall survival (OS) and safety analyses of LUX-Lung 8 and investigate the characteristics of patients who achieved long-term benefit (≥12 months' treatment). METHODS LUX-Lung 8 (NCT01523587) enroled patients between March 2012 and January 2014 in 183 cancer centres located in 23 countries worldwide and this final analysis had a data cut-off of March 2018. Eligible patients had stage IIIB or IV lung SCC and had progressed after at least four cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive afatinib (40 mg per day) or erlotinib (150 mg per day) until disease progression. Endpoints included OS and safety; a post-hoc analysis of patients with long-term benefit (≥12 months on treatment) was also conducted. FINDINGS 795 eligible patients were randomly assigned (398 to afatinib, 397 to erlotinib). OS was significantly prolonged with afatinib compared with erlotinib (median 7·8 months vs 6·8 months; hazard ratio 0·84; 95% CI 0·73-0·97; p = 0·0193). These findings were consistent with those of the primary analysis and were consistent across subgroups. Adverse events (AEs) were manageable with dose interruption and reduction, with similar AEs being experienced between both groups. Twenty-one (5·3%) patients receiving afatinib and 13 (3·3%) patients receiving erlotinib achieved long-term benefit; median OS was 34·6 months and 20·1 months, respectively. Amongst 132 afatinib-treated patients who underwent tumour genetic analysis, ERBB family mutations were more common in patients with long-term benefit than in the overall population (50% vs 21%). INTERPRETATION Afatinib is a treatment option for patients with SCC of the lung progressing on chemotherapy who are ineligible for immunotherapy, particularly those with ERBB family genetic aberrations. Afatinib has a predictable and manageable tolerability profile, and long-term treatment may be well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenwood D Goss
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Corresponding author.
| | - Manuel Cobo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Shun Lu
- Shanghai Chest Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Ki Hyeong Lee
- Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Erdem Göker
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Vassilis Georgoulias
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | | | - Young J Min
- Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | | | - Shaun Bender
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Agnieszka Cseh
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim 55216, Germany
| | - Enriqueta Felip
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Institute of Oncology (VHIO), UVic-UCC, IOB-Quiron, Barcelona, Spain
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167
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Davis AP, Cooper WA, Boyer M, Lee JH, Pavlakis N, Kao SC. Efficacy of immunotherapy in KRAS-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer with comutations. Immunotherapy 2021; 13:941-952. [PMID: 34114474 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2021-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
KRAS-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer is the most common molecular driver of lung adenocarcinoma in western populations. No KRAS specific therapy has been approved by the US FDA until 2021. Despite significant heterogeneity in comutations, patients typically receive single-agent immunotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy as standard first-line therapy. It is unclear whether KRAS mutations predict outcomes with immunotherapy; however, there is emerging data suggesting improved outcomes in patients with a TP53 comutation and worse outcomes in patients with a STK11/LKB1 or KEAP1 comutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Davis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, 119-143 Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Wendy A Cooper
- Tissue Pathology & Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2571, Australia
| | - Michael Boyer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, 119-143 Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jenny H Lee
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, 119-143 Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine & Health, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Nick Pavlakis
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.,Genesis Care St Leonards, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Steven C Kao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, 119-143 Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Asbestos Disease Research Institute, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia
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168
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Abstract
KRAS mutations are the most frequent gain-of-function alterations in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) in the Western world. Although they have been identified decades ago, prior efforts to target KRAS signaling with single-agent therapeutic approaches such as farnesyl transferase inhibitors, prenylation inhibition, impairment of KRAS downstream signaling, and synthetic lethality screens have been unsuccessful. Moreover, the role of KRAS oncogene in LADC is still not fully understood, and its prognostic and predictive impact with regards to the standard of care therapy remains controversial. Of note, KRAS-related studies that included general non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) population instead of LADC patients should be very carefully evaluated. Recently, however, comprehensive genomic profiling and wide-spectrum analysis of other co-occurring genetic alterations have identified unique therapeutic vulnerabilities. Novel targeted agents such as the covalent KRAS G12C inhibitors or the recently proposed combinatory approaches are some examples which may allow a tailored treatment for LADC patients harboring KRAS mutations. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the therapeutic approaches of KRAS-mutated LADC and provides an update on the most recent advances in KRAS-targeted anti-cancer strategies, with a focus on potential clinical implications.
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169
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What Is New in Biomarker Testing at Diagnosis of Advanced Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma? Implications for Cytology and Liquid Biopsy. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jmp2020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery and clinical validation of biomarkers predictive of the response of non-squamous non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NS-NSCLC) to therapeutic strategies continue to provide new data. The evaluation of novel treatments is based on molecular analyses aimed at determining their efficacy. These tests are increasing in number, but the tissue specimens are smaller and smaller and/or can have few tumor cells. Indeed, in addition to tissue samples, complementary cytological and/or blood samples can also give access to these biomarkers. To date, it is recommended and necessary to look for the status of five genomic molecular biomarkers (EGFR, ALK, ROS1, BRAFV600, NTRK) and of a protein biomarker (PD-L1). However, the short- and more or less long-term emergence of new targeted treatments of genomic alterations on RET and MET, but also on others’ genomic alteration, notably on KRAS, HER2, NRG1, SMARCA4, and NUT, have made cellular and blood samples essential for molecular testing. The aim of this review is to present the interest in using cytological and/or liquid biopsies as complementary biological material, or as an alternative to tissue specimens, for detection at diagnosis of new predictive biomarkers of NS-NSCLC.
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170
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Guaitoli G, Tiseo M, Di Maio M, Friboulet L, Facchinetti F. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in oncogene-addicted non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:2890-2916. [PMID: 34295687 PMCID: PMC8264334 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Treatment of oncogene-addicted non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been changed by the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Albeit great benefits are achieved with target therapies, resistance invariably occurs and recourse to alternative treatments is unavoidable. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) role and the best setting of immunotherapy administration in oncogene-driven NSCLC are matter of debate. Methods We performed a systematic literature review through PubMed, in order to gather all the available information regarding ICI activity and efficacy in oncogene-addicted NSCLC, from both prospective trials and retrospective series. A meta-analysis of objective response rate in different molecular subgroups was provided. Combinatorial strategies including ICIs and related toxicities were also recorded. Results Eighty-seven studies were included in the qualitative analysis. EGFR mutation may be a biomarker of poor response to single-agent ICIs (7% of EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients achieved disease response in prospective trials), while encouraging results have been shown with combination strategies. KRAS-mutated disease (response rate, RR, 22%) has different clinical and pathological characteristics, and the co-existence of additional mutations (e.g., STK11 or TP53) influence tumor microenvironment and response to immunotherapy. Other molecular alterations have been marginally considered prospectively, and data from clinical practice are variegated, given poor effectiveness of ICIs in ALK-rearranged disease (RR 9.5%, pooling the data of retrospective studies) or some encouraging results in BRAF-(RR 25%, retrospective data) or MET-driven one (with estimations conditioned by the presence of both exon 14 skipping mutations and gene amplification in reported series). Conclusions In oncogene-addicted NSCLC (with the exception of KRAS-mutated), ICIs are usually administered at the failure of other treatment options, but administering single-agent immunotherapy in later disease phases may limit its efficacy. With the progressive administration of TKIs and ICIs in early-stage disease, molecular characterization will become fundamental in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Guaitoli
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy.,Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Biomarqueurs Prédictifs et Nouvelles Stratégies Thérapeutiques en Oncologie, Villejuif, France
| | - Marcello Tiseo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Massimo Di Maio
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin at Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Luc Friboulet
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Biomarqueurs Prédictifs et Nouvelles Stratégies Thérapeutiques en Oncologie, Villejuif, France
| | - Francesco Facchinetti
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Biomarqueurs Prédictifs et Nouvelles Stratégies Thérapeutiques en Oncologie, Villejuif, France
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171
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McLean L, Leal JL, Solomon BJ, John T. Immunotherapy in oncogene addicted non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:2736-2751. [PMID: 34295674 PMCID: PMC8264320 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) has led to notable changes in treatment strategies for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and now forms a part of standard of care treatment in patients with advanced disease. However, most patients do not respond to ICI monotherapy, which may be explained by significant variations in efficacy according to different immune and molecular profiles in tumours. Improved response rates have been observed in smokers and are associated with tumors that have high mutation loads, with a higher tendency to form neoantigens. This premise itself defies the eventual significance of ICIs for oncogene-driven NSCLC, which in general are more common in never smokers and potentially have reduced capacity for neoantigen formation. Furthermore, pivotal trials investigating ICIs in advanced NSCLC have usually excluded patients with oncogenic drivers, hence the outcome of these agents in this population is poorly characterized. In this article, we aim to review the most current evidence, encompassing clinical and preclinical data focused on a wide range of oncogene-addicted NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke McLean
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jose Luis Leal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Solomon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas John
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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172
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Tien JCY, Chugh S, Goodrum AE, Cheng Y, Mannan R, Zhang Y, Wang L, Dommeti VL, Wang X, Xu A, Hon J, Kenum C, Su F, Wang R, Cao X, Shankar S, Chinnaiyan AM. AGO2 promotes tumor progression in KRAS-driven mouse models of non-small cell lung cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2026104118. [PMID: 33972443 PMCID: PMC8157917 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026104118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the deadliest malignancy in the United States. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of cases and is frequently driven by activating mutations in the gene encoding the KRAS GTPase (e.g., KRASG12D). Our previous work demonstrated that Argonaute 2 (AGO2)-a component of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC)-physically interacts with RAS and promotes its downstream signaling. We therefore hypothesized that AGO2 could promote KRASG12D-dependent NSCLC in vivo. To test the hypothesis, we evaluated the impact of Ago2 knockout in the KPC (LSL-KrasG12D/+;p53f/f;Cre) mouse model of NSCLC. In KPC mice, intratracheal delivery of adenoviral Cre drives lung-specific expression of a stop-floxed KRASG12D allele and biallelic ablation of p53 Simultaneous biallelic ablation of floxed Ago2 inhibited KPC lung nodule growth while reducing proliferative index and improving pathological grade. We next applied the KPHetC model, in which the Clara cell-specific CCSP-driven Cre activates KRASG12D and ablates a single p53 allele. In these mice, Ago2 ablation also reduced tumor size and grade. In both models, Ago2 knockout inhibited ERK phosphorylation (pERK) in tumor cells, indicating impaired KRAS signaling. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of KPC nodules and nodule-derived organoids demonstrated impaired canonical KRAS signaling with Ago2 ablation. Strikingly, accumulation of pERK in KPC organoids depended on physical interaction of AGO2 and KRAS. Taken together, our data demonstrate a pathogenic role for AGO2 in KRAS-dependent NSCLC. Given the prevalence of this malignancy and current difficulties in therapeutically targeting KRAS signaling, our work may have future translational relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Ching-Yi Tien
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Seema Chugh
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Andrew E Goodrum
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Yunhui Cheng
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Rahul Mannan
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Lisha Wang
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Vijaya L Dommeti
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Alice Xu
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jennifer Hon
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Carson Kenum
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Fengyun Su
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Rui Wang
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Xuhong Cao
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Sunita Shankar
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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Treatment of Rare Mutations in Patients with Lung Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050534. [PMID: 34064757 PMCID: PMC8151457 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a worldwide prevalent malignancy. This disease has a low survival rate due to diagnosis at a late stage challenged by the involvement of metastatic sites. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is presented in 85% of cases. The last decade has experienced substantial advancements in scientific research, leading to a novel targeted therapeutic approach. The newly developed pharmaceutical agents are aimed towards specific mutations, detected in individual patients inflicted by lung cancer. These drugs have longer and improved response rates compared to traditional chemotherapy. Recent studies were able to identify rare mutations found in pulmonary tumors. Among the gene alterations detected were mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (MET), human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2), B-type Raf kinase (BRAF), c-ROS proto-oncogene (ROS1), rearranged during transfection (RET) and neurotrophic tyrosine kinase (NTRK). Ongoing clinical trials are gaining insight onto possible first and second lines of medical treatment options intended to enable progression-free survival to lung cancer patients.
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174
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Dang A, Dang S, Vallish BN. Efficacy and Safety of EGFR Inhibitors in the Treatment of EGFRPositive NSCLC Patients: A Meta-Analysis. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2021; 16:193-201. [PMID: 33155914 DOI: 10.2174/1574887115999201103200248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compared the response rates, survival rates, and safety profile of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors with non-targeted chemotherapy and older EGFR inhibitors when used to treat advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with activating EGFR mutations. METHODS We searched PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and clinicaltrial.- gov for randomized controlled trials published until 11-Feb-2020. Treatment outcomes were compared between EGFR inhibitor and pooled comparator; a subgroup analysis compared outcomes between EGFR inhibitor and non-targeted chemotherapy, and between newer and older EGFR inhibitors. RESULTS Twenty-one studies with 4,250 unique patients were included. Significantly higher objective response rate (ORR) (odds ratio (OR) 2.28; 95% CI 2.00-2.61), higher disease control rate (DCR) (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.88-3.06), and longer progression-free survival (PFS) (Hazard ratio (HR) 0.56; 95% CI 0.52-0.60) were observed in the EGFR inhibitor group compared to the pooled comparator group. Subgroup analysis revealed that the ORR, DCR, and PFS were significantly higher with EGFR inhibitors than non-targeted chemotherapy, and only PFS (and not ORR and DCR) was significantly longer with newer EGFR inhibitors than the older EGFR inhibitors. Overall survival (OS) was not significantly different between EGFR inhibitors and pooled comparator (HR 0.91; 95% CI 0.83-1.00) as well as in either of the subgroup analyses. Adverse events ≥ grade 3 and treatment discontinuation were significantly higher with non-targeted chemotherapy compared to the EGFR inhibitors. CONCLUSION The benefits of prolongation of ORR, DCR, and PFS might not imply significantly improved OS after therapy with EGFR inhibitors when compared with non-targeted chemotherapy or older EGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Dang
- MarksMan Healthcare Communications and KYT Adhere, Hyderabad, Telangana - 500032, India
| | - Sumit Dang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States
| | - B N Vallish
- Medical Writing and Biostatistics, MarksMan Healthcare Communications, Hyderabad, Telangana - 500032, India
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175
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Sun K, Nie L, Nong L, Cheng Y. Primary resistance to alectinib in a patient with STRN-ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer: A case report. Thorac Cancer 2021; 12:1927-1930. [PMID: 33960639 PMCID: PMC8201540 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements are drivers of a subset of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The rapid progression of ALK inhibitors has significantly prolonged the progression‐free survival of patients with ALK gene‐sensitive mutations. However, the response of patients with rare ALK rearrangements to tyrosine kinase inhibitors remains unknown. Here, we report a rare case of striatin (STRN)‐ALK‐positive NSCLC showing primary resistance to first‐line therapy alectinib and limited clinical activity of crizotinib in the alectinib‐resistant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyan Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ligong Nie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Nong
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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176
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Agarwal JP, Tibdewal A, Mohanty S, Mummudi N. Radiotherapy of brain metastasis from lung cancer in limited resource settings. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:3308-3314. [PMID: 34164223 PMCID: PMC8182549 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-2019-rbmlc-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the most commonly used treatment modality for brain metastases from lung cancer. Its use has evolved from conventional whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) to more sophisticated stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and hippocampal sparing radiotherapy. Indications of cranial radiotherapy are also evolving with the advent of targeted therapies directed against molecular markers like epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). Prognostic criteria such as recursive partitioning analyses and graded prognostic score helps in prognostication of brain metastases patients. Majority of the prospective and randomized studies of brain metastases from lung cancer have come from the developed countries with adequate resources. Efforts have been made to replicate or validate the data in developing countries. In this overview, we intend to discuss the role of radiotherapy for brain metastases in limited resource settings of developing countries. The aim should be to generate a good quality data which is applicable for routine clinical practice in a resource friendly manner. SRS is indicated in guidelines for limited brain metastases, however, it requires a more sophisticated treatment delivery and quality assurance machines which are not available at many centres in majority of the developing countries. Similarly, clinical research should be undertaken considering the demographic, clinical and genetic differences among different populations. Currently, tyrosine kinase inhibitors have dramatically changed the outcomes of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer including brain metastases. The role of WBRT is being questioned in driver mutated patients in developed countries. However, the applicability of this approach should be examined in resource constrained settings as availability of these drugs is limited, its higher cost and frequent use of surveillance brain imaging are the practical challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Prakash Agarwal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Anil Tibdewal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sulagna Mohanty
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Naveen Mummudi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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177
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Lu Z, Wang X, Luo Y, Wei J, Zeng Z, Xiong Q, Cai J, Liu A. EGFR (p. G719A+L747V)/EML4-ALK Co-alterations in Lung Adenocarcinoma with Leptomeningeal Metastasis Responding to Afatinib Treatment: A Case Report. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:2823-2828. [PMID: 33935502 PMCID: PMC8079359 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s294635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a disastrous complication of advanced lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) associated with poor prognosis and rapid deterioration of performance status. The prevalence of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) co-alterations in patients with LAC was low. Herein, we report a patient with alterations in both EGFR (p. G719A+L747V) and echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like ALK (EML4-ALK) fusion and LM who was treated with afatinib. The patient’s clinical symptoms improved, and imaging examination revealed reduced intracranial and extracranial lesions. The progression-free survival (PFS) using afatinib for LM was 25 months, and no severe adverse events occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Lu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical Translational Cancer Research, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxi Luo
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wei
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Zeng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical Translational Cancer Research, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Xiong
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical Translational Cancer Research, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical Translational Cancer Research, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Anwen Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical Translational Cancer Research, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
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178
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Gu M, Xu T, Chang P. KRAS/LKB1 and KRAS/TP53 co-mutations create divergent immune signatures in lung adenocarcinomas. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2021; 13:17588359211006950. [PMID: 33995590 PMCID: PMC8072935 DOI: 10.1177/17588359211006950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinomas exhibit various patterns of genomic alterations. During the development of this cancer, KRAS serves as a driver oncogene with a relatively high mutational frequency. Emerging data suggest that lung adenocarcinomas with KRAS mutations can show enhanced PD-L1 expression and additional somatic mutations, thus linking the prospect of applying immune checkpoint blockade therapy to this disease. However, the responses of KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinomas to this therapy are distinct, which is largely attributed to the heterogeneity in the tumoral immune milieus. Recently, it was revealed that KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinomas simultaneously expressing either a LKB1 or TP53 mutation typically have different immune profiles of their tumours: tumours with a KRAS/TP53 co-mutation generally present with a significant upregulation of PD-L1 expression and tumoricidal T-cell accumulation, and those with a KRAS/LKB1 co-mutation are frequently negative for PD-L1 expression and have few tumoricidal immune infiltrates. In this regard, interrogating TP53 or LKB1 mutation in addition to PD-L1 expression will be promising in guiding clinical use of immune checkpoint blockade therapy for KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichen Gu
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Tiankai Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Pengyu Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71, Xinmin Str, Changchun, 130021, P.R. China
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179
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Gregorc V, Lazzari C, Mandalá M, Ippati S, Bulotta A, Cangi MG, Khater A, Viganò MG, Mirabile A, Pecciarini L, Ogliari FR, Arrigoni G, Grassini G, Veronesi G, Doglioni C. Intratumoral Cellular Heterogeneity: Implications for Drug Resistance in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092023. [PMID: 33922215 PMCID: PMC8122731 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The number of druggable tumor-specific molecular alterations in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has grown significantly in the past decade. Emerging technologies such as liquid biopsy and single-cell methods allow for studying targetable drivers and develop personalized treatments. However, although new therapies confer prolonged disease control and high tumor response rates, most patients eventually progress on targeted treatments. Intratumoral heterogeneity is a frequent event in NSCLC, driving the tumor cells to develop adaptive or new resistance mechanisms within the drug environment. This review summarizes the current and upcoming research on the biological role of tumor heterogeneity, highlighting the link between early and acquired drug resistance and tumoral heterogeneity in targetable driver mutated NSCLC. Abstract Tailored therapies based on the identification of molecular targets currently represent a well-established therapeutic scenario in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, while aiming to improve patients’ response to therapy, development of resistance is frequently observed in daily clinical practice. Intratumoral heterogeneity is a frequent event in NSCLC, responsible for several critical issues in patients’ diagnosis and treatment. Advances in single-cell sequencing technologies have allowed in-depth profiling of tumors and attributed intratumoral heterogeneity to genetic, epigenetic, and protein modification driven diversities within cancer cell populations. This review highlights current research on the biological role of tumor heterogeneity and its impact on the development of acquired resistance in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Gregorc
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (C.L.); (S.I.); (A.B.); (M.G.V.); (A.M.); (F.R.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Chiara Lazzari
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (C.L.); (S.I.); (A.B.); (M.G.V.); (A.M.); (F.R.O.)
| | - Mario Mandalá
- Division of Pathological Anatomy, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, 24100 Bergamo, Italy;
- Unit of Medical Oncology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefania Ippati
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (C.L.); (S.I.); (A.B.); (M.G.V.); (A.M.); (F.R.O.)
| | - Alessandra Bulotta
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (C.L.); (S.I.); (A.B.); (M.G.V.); (A.M.); (F.R.O.)
| | - Maria Giulia Cangi
- Pathology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, IRCCS, 20132 Milan, Italy; (M.G.C.); (L.P.); (G.A.); (G.G.); (C.D.)
| | - Abdelrahman Khater
- San Raffaele Hospital, IRCCS, University Vita Salute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Maria Grazia Viganò
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (C.L.); (S.I.); (A.B.); (M.G.V.); (A.M.); (F.R.O.)
| | - Aurora Mirabile
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (C.L.); (S.I.); (A.B.); (M.G.V.); (A.M.); (F.R.O.)
| | - Lorenza Pecciarini
- Pathology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, IRCCS, 20132 Milan, Italy; (M.G.C.); (L.P.); (G.A.); (G.G.); (C.D.)
| | - Francesca Rita Ogliari
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (C.L.); (S.I.); (A.B.); (M.G.V.); (A.M.); (F.R.O.)
| | - Gianluigi Arrigoni
- Pathology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, IRCCS, 20132 Milan, Italy; (M.G.C.); (L.P.); (G.A.); (G.G.); (C.D.)
| | - Greta Grassini
- Pathology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, IRCCS, 20132 Milan, Italy; (M.G.C.); (L.P.); (G.A.); (G.G.); (C.D.)
| | - Giulia Veronesi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, IRCCS, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Pathology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, IRCCS, 20132 Milan, Italy; (M.G.C.); (L.P.); (G.A.); (G.G.); (C.D.)
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Ponce Aix S, Novello S, Garon EB, Nakagawa K, Nadal E, Moro-Sibilot D, Alonso Garcia M, Fabre E, Frimodt-Moller B, Zimmermann AH, Visseren-Grul CM, Reck M. RELAY, ramucirumab plus erlotinib versus placebo plus erlotinib in patients with untreated, EGFR-mutated, metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: Europe/United States subset analysis. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 27:100378. [PMID: 33905962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC, dual EGFR/VEGFR inhibition compared to EGFR alone increases anti-tumor efficacy. The Phase III RELAY trial demonstrated superior PFS for ramucirumab plus erlotinib (RAM + ERL) over placebo plus erlotinib (PBO + ERL) (HR 0.591 [95% CI 0.461-0.760], p<0.0001). EGFR mutated NSCLC is less prevalent in Western versus Asian patients. This prespecified analysis evaluates efficacy and safety of RAM + ERL in EU and US patients enrolled in RELAY. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were randomized 1:1 to ERL + RAM (10 mg/kg IV) or PBO Q2W. Treatment continued until unacceptable toxicity or progressive disease. Patients were stratified by geographic region (East Asia vs "other" [EU/US and Canada (EU/US)]). Objectives included PFS, ORR, DoR, OS, PFS2, safety and biomarker analysis. RESULTS EU/US subset included 113/449 (25.9%) patients (58 RAM + ERL, 55 PBO + ERL). RAM + ERL improved PFS (20.6 vs 10.9 months, HR 0.605 [95% CI: 0.362-1.010]). ORR and DCR were similar, but median DoR was longer with RAM + ERL (18.0 vs 10.1 months, HR 0.527 [95% CI: 0.296-0.939]). OS and PFS2 were immature at data cut-off (censoring rates 81.0-81.8% and 67.3-79.3%, respectively). Most commonly reported Grade ≥3 TEAE for RAM + ERL was hypertension (17 [29.8%]) and for PBO + ERL, dermatitis acneiform (5 [9.1%]). CONCLUSION EU/US subset analysis showed improved efficacy outcomes for RAM + ERL and a safety profile consistent with the overall population. Ramucirumab is a safe and effective addition to standard-of-care EGFR-TKI for EGFR mutation-positive metastatic NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ponce Aix
- Hospital doce de Octubre, Medical Oncology Department Thoracic Cancer and Early Drug Development Unit, Madrid, Spain.
| | - S Novello
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, AOU San Luigi, Orbassano, Italy
| | - E B Garon
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles/TRIO-US Network, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | - K Nakagawa
- Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - E Nadal
- Catalan Institute of Oncology L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Moro-Sibilot
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | | | - E Fabre
- GHU Paris Ouest, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou Service Oncologie Thoracique, Paris, France
| | | | - A H Zimmermann
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | | | - M Reck
- Lungen Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany
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181
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Liu C, Zheng S, Wang S, Wang X, Feng X, Sun N, He J. Development and external validation of a composite immune-clinical prognostic model associated with EGFR mutation in East-Asian patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2021; 13:17588359211006949. [PMID: 33889215 PMCID: PMC8040386 DOI: 10.1177/17588359211006949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND EGFR mutation is a common oncogene driver in East Asians with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), conferring a favorable prognosis with effective targeted therapy. However, the EGFR mutation is a weak predictor of long-term survival. Therefore, a powerful predictive tool is urgently needed to estimate disease prognosis and patient survival for East-Asian patients with LUAD. METHODS In this first systematic analysis of the relationships among EGFR mutation, immunophenotype, and prognosis in LUAD samples from East-Asian patients, we constructed a prognostic signature consisting of EGFR-associated immune-related gene pairs (EIGPs). The predictive performance for overall survival (OS) and the clinical significance of this signature were then comprehensively investigated. RESULTS Based on transcriptome data analysis of a training set, we proposed the EIGP index (EIGPI), represented by five EIGPs, which was significantly associated with the OS of East-Asian patients with LUAD. It was also well validated in a test set. Furthermore, the prognostic performance of the EIGPI was further verified using protein levels in an additional independent set. Stratification analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the EIGPI was an independent prognostic factor. When combined with stage, the composite immune-clinical prognostic model index (ICPMI) showed improved prognostic accuracy in all datasets. CONCLUSION This study was the first to systematically investigate the relationships among EGFR mutation, immunophenotype, and prognosis in East Asians with LUAD and develop a composite clinical and immune model associated with EGFR mutation. This model may be a reliable and promising prognostic tool and help further personalize patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengming Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sufei Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sihui Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Feng
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
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182
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Mao L, Zhao W, Li X, Zhang S, Zhou C, Zhou D, Ou X, Xu Y, Tang Y, Ou X, Hu C, Ding X, Luo P, Yu S. Mutation Spectrum of EGFR From 21,324 Chinese Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Successfully Tested by Multiple Methods in a CAP-Accredited Laboratory. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:602726. [PMID: 34257561 PMCID: PMC8262202 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.602726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Genotyping epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) is essential for identifying those patients who may benefit from targeted therapies. Systemically evaluating EGFR mutation detection rates of different methods currently used in clinical setting will provide valuable information to clinicians and laboratory scientists who take care of NSCLC patients. This study retrospectively reviewed the EGFR data obtained in our laboratory in last 10 years. A total of 21,324 NSCLC cases successfully underwent EGFR genotyping for clinical therapeutic purpose, including 5,244 cases tested by Sanger sequencing, 13,329 cases tested by real-time PCR, and 2,751 tested by next-generation sequencing (NGS). The average EGFR mutation rate was 45.1%, with 40.3% identified by Sanger sequencing, 46.5% by real-time PCR and 47.5% by NGS. Of these cases with EGFR mutations identified, 93.3% of them harbored a single EGFR mutation (92.1% with 19del or L858R, and 7.9% with uncommon mutations) and 6.7% harbored complex EGFR mutations. Of the 72 distinct EGFR variants identified in this study, 15 of them (single or complex EGFR mutations) were newly identified in NSCLC. For these cases with EGFR mutations tested by NGS, 65.3% of them also carried tumor-related variants in some non-EGFR genes and about one third of them were considered candidates of targeted drugs. NGS method showed advantages over Sanger sequencing and real-time PCR not only by providing the highest mutation detection rate of EGFR but also by identifying actionable non-EGFR mutations with targeted drugs in clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Mao
- Clinical Genome Center, KingMed Diagnostics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Clinical Genome Center, KingMed Diagnostics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Clinical Genome Center, KingMed Diagnostics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shangfei Zhang
- Clinical Genome Center, KingMed Diagnostics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changhong Zhou
- Clinical Genome Center, KingMed Diagnostics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danyan Zhou
- Clinical Genome Center, KingMed Diagnostics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Ou
- Clinical Genome Center, KingMed Diagnostics, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of KingMed Translational Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Clinical Genome Center, KingMed Diagnostics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanxiao Tang
- Clinical Genome Center, KingMed Diagnostics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyong Ou
- Clinical Genome Center, KingMed Diagnostics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changming Hu
- Clinical Genome Center, KingMed Diagnostics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Ding
- Department of Pathology, KingMed Diagnostics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pifu Luo
- Department of Pathology, KingMed Diagnostics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihui Yu
- Clinical Genome Center, KingMed Diagnostics, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of KingMed Translational Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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183
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Noordhof AL, Damhuis RAM, Hendriks LEL, de Langen AJ, Timens W, Venmans BJW, van Geffen WH. Prognostic impact of KRAS mutation status for patients with stage IV adenocarcinoma of the lung treated with first-line pembrolizumab monotherapy. Lung Cancer 2021; 155:163-169. [PMID: 33838467 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Monotherapy with pembrolizumab is the preferred first-line treatment for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression ≥50 %, without targetable oncogenic drivers. Although targeted therapies are in development for patients with specific Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) mutations, these are not available in daily care yet. It is not clear whether there is a difference in survival on first-line pembrolizumab for patients with a high PD-L1 status with or without a KRAS mutation. We aim to compare this survival based on real-world data. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a real-world retrospective population-based study using data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. We selected patients with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma with PD-L1 expression ≥50 % diagnosed between January 2017 and December 2018, treated with first-line pembrolizumab. Patients with EGFR mutations, ALK translocations or ROS1 rearrangements were excluded. The primary outcome parameter was overall survival. RESULTS 388 (57 %) of 595 patients had a KRAS mutation. KRAS was seen more frequently in women than in men (65 % versus 49 % respectively, p < 0.001). The median overall survival was 19.2 months versus 16.8 months for patients with and without KRAS mutation, respectively (p = 0.86). Multivariable analysis revealed WHO performance score, number of organs with metastases and PD-L1 percentage as independent prognostic factors. KRAS mutation status had no prognostic influence (hazard ratio = 1.03, 95 % CI 0.83-1.29). CONCLUSION The survival of KRAS mutated versus KRAS wild-type lung adenocarcinoma patients, treated with first-line pembrolizumab monotherapy, is similar, suggesting that KRAS has no prognostic value with respect to treatment with pembrolizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Noordhof
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Henri Dunantweg 2, 8934 AD, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - R A M Damhuis
- Department of Research, Comprehensive Cancer Organization, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - L E L Hendriks
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - A J de Langen
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, NA 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W Timens
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - B J W Venmans
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Henri Dunantweg 2, 8934 AD, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - W H van Geffen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Henri Dunantweg 2, 8934 AD, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands.
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184
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Zhao D, Fan J, Peng L, Huang B, Zhu Y, Shi H, Dai X, Nie X. Two different patterns of lung adenocarcinoma with concomitant EGFR mutation and ALK rearrangement. TUMORI JOURNAL 2021; 108:12-18. [PMID: 33818198 DOI: 10.1177/03008916211005546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements are considered mutually exclusive in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAC). However, sporadic cases harboring concomitant EGFR and ALK alterations have been increasingly reported. There is no consensus opinion regarding the treatment of patients positive for both molecular alterations. NSCLC with EGFR/ALK coalterations should be separated into two subtypes: unifocal and multifocal LUAC. Here, we present an overview of the available literature regarding this rare group of patients to provide useful suggestions for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dashi Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yili Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heshui Shi
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofang Dai
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiu Nie
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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185
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Prelaj A, Bottiglieri A, Proto C, Lo Russo G, Signorelli D, Ferrara R, Galli G, De Toma A, Viscardi G, Brambilla M, Lobefaro R, Nichetti F, Manglaviti S, Occhipinti M, Labianca A, Ganzinelli M, Gallucci R, Zilembo N, Greco GF, Torri V, de Braud F, Garassino MC. Poziotinib for EGFR and HER2 exon 20 insertion mutation in advanced NSCLC: Results from the expanded access program. Eur J Cancer 2021; 149:235-248. [PMID: 33820681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) patients with EGFR/HER2 exon 20 insertion mutation (i-mut) remains an unmet clinical need. Poziotinib, a new generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is currently under investigation as a potential targeted therapy. This compassionate study of its use aims to describe the activity/toxicity of poziotinib in mNSCLC with EGFR/HER2-exon-20-i-mut. PATIENTS AND METHODS NSCLC patients who were treated either with EGFR or HER2 exon 20-i-mut within an expanded access program were included in this study. Poziotinib (16 mg or less) was administrated orally quaque die (QD). The primary end-point was the overall response rate (ORR) assessed by central review using RECIST v1.1, and secondary end-points were median progression free survival (PFS), disease control rate (DCR), median overall survival (OS) and toxicity. RESULTS The median age of all the 30 patients was 58 years (25-80 years), most of them were females (73%); ECOG 0-1 (83%), EGFR i-mut (73%) and pre-treated (83%). 73% started with poziotinib at a dose of 16 mg. At data cut-off, 22 of 33 patients (73%) experienced a progress in the disease and 12 of 30 (40%) died. Median PFS was 5.6 months (95% CI: 3.6-6.7 months) and the mOS 9.5 months (95% CI: 5.3 - not-reached months). The ORR was 30% (EGFR/HER2: 23/50%) and DCR 80%. G3 AEs were reported in 66% of the patients and were found with skin rash (50%), diarrhoea (17.6%), mucositis (7%) and paronychia (3%). G5, possibly associated with pneumonitis might also have occurred. CONCLUSIONS Poziotinib exhibited effects in mNSCLC patients with EGFR/HER2-exon 20-i-mut. The toxicity rate was high leading to frequent dose interruption and reduction, thereby reducing mPFS in patients with good ORR/DCR. ZENITH20 trial is now being used to evaluate the low dose and new scheduled dose (e.g. bis in die (BID)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsela Prelaj
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy; Department of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Polytechnic University of Milan, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy.
| | - Achille Bottiglieri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Proto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lo Russo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Signorelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Galli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Toma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viscardi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Brambilla
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Lobefaro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Nichetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Manglaviti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Occhipinti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Labianca
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Ganzinelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosaria Gallucci
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Zilembo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Francesca Greco
- Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori di Milano, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valter Torri
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS "Mario Negri" Institute, Milano, Via La Masa 19, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Filippo de Braud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina C Garassino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
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186
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Yoshimatsu Y, Ebi N, Ooi R, Sueyasu T, Nishizawa S, Munechika M, Yoshimine K, Ko Y, Ide H, Tsuruno K, Tobino K. Osimertinib for Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review. Intern Med 2021; 60:1067-1071. [PMID: 33132329 PMCID: PMC8079920 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.5463-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) in lung squamous cell carcinoma is said to be low. Thus far, only four cases of osimertinib in lung squamous cell carcinoma have been published. We experienced a case of EGFR mutant lung squamous cell carcinoma in which fifth-line treatment with osimertinib was effective after T790M EGFR mutation turned positive. Osimertinib was resumed after sixth-line chemotherapy was ineffective, showing efficacy again. Osimertinib may be a promising treatment option for EGFR mutant lung squamous cell carcinoma. This is the first report to show its effect in a case of rechallenge after intervening chemotherapy. It may therefore be important to evaluate EGFR in never-smoker lung squamous cell carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yoshimatsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Iizuka Hospital, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ebi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Iizuka Hospital, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Ooi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Iizuka Hospital, Japan
| | - Takuto Sueyasu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Iizuka Hospital, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Yuki Ko
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Iizuka Hospital, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ide
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Iizuka Hospital, Japan
| | - Kosuke Tsuruno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Iizuka Hospital, Japan
| | - Kazunori Tobino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Iizuka Hospital, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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187
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Cavagna R, Escremim de Paula F, Sant'Anna D, Santana I, da Silva VD, da Silva ECA, Bacchi CE, Miziara JE, Dias JM, De Marchi P, Leal LF, Reis RM. Frequency of KRAS p.Gly12Cys Mutation in Brazilian Patients With Lung Cancer. JCO Glob Oncol 2021; 7:639-645. [PMID: 33956502 PMCID: PMC8162527 DOI: 10.1200/go.20.00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Cavagna
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | | | - Débora Sant'Anna
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Iara Santana
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - José E. Miziara
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Josiane M. Dias
- Department of Medical Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Pedro De Marchi
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
- Department of Medical Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
- Oncoclinicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leticia F. Leal
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
- Barretos School of Health Sciences, Dr Paulo Prata—FACISB, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Rui M. Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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188
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Zhou L, Huang L, Xu Q, Lv Y, Wang Z, Zhan P, Han H, Shao Y, Lin D, Lv T, Song Y. Association of MUC19 Mutation With Clinical Benefits of Anti-PD-1 Inhibitors in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:596542. [PMID: 33828970 PMCID: PMC8019943 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.596542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although anti-PD-1 inhibitors exhibit impressive clinical results in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases, a substantial percentage of patients do not respond to this treatment. Moreover, the current recommended biomarkers are not perfect. Therefore, it is essential to discover novel molecular determinants of responses to anti-PD-1 inhibitors. We performed Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) in a cohort of 33 Chinese NSCLC patients. Patients were classified into the durable clinical benefit (DCB) and no durable benefit (NDB) groups. Infiltrating CD8+ cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) were investigated by immunohistochemistry. We also used public datasets to validate our results. In our cohort, good clinical responses to anti-PD-1 inhibitors were more pronounced in younger patients with lower Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores and only extra-pulmonary metastasis. More importantly, we identified a novel MUC19 mutation, which was significantly enriched in DCB patients (P = 0.015), and MUC19-mutated patients had a longer progression-free survival (PFS) (hazard ratio = 0.3, 95% CI 0.1-0.9; P = 0.026). Immunohistochemistry results indicated that the MUC19 mutation was associated with increased infiltration by CD8+ T cells in the TME (P = 0.0313). When combining MUC19 mutation with ECOG scores and intra-pulmonary metastasis status, patients with more positive predictors had longer PFS (P = 0.003). Furthermore, MUC19 mutation was involved in immune responses and associated with a longer PFS in the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) cohort. Collectively, we identified that MUC19 mutations were involved in immune responses, and NSCLC tumors harboring mutated MUC19 exhibited good responses to anti-PD-1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Litang Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuli Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanling Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zimu Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Zhan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hedong Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Shao
- Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, China
| | - Dang Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tangfeng Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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189
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De Toma A, Lo Russo G, Signorelli D, Pagani F, Randon G, Galli G, Prelaj A, Ferrara R, Proto C, Ganzinelli M, Zilembo N, de Braud F, Garassino MC. Uncommon targets in non-small cell lung cancer: Everyone wants a slice of cake. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 160:103299. [PMID: 33722699 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Target therapies completely changed the clinical approach in EGFR mutated and ALK rearranged non-small cell lung cancer, ensuring these patients exceptional outcomes with a better toxicity profile compared to conventional chemotherapy. In recent years, beyond EGFR and ALK alterations, new data are emerging about less common alterations, new drugs have been already approved and others agents have been recently investigated or are currently under investigation. In this review we will discuss some uncommon alterations in non-small cell lung cancer such as ROS1, BRAF, RET, HER2, NTRK, MET and other targets that are in an early evaluation phase. We will summarize the characteristics of patients harboring these alterations, the already approved or under investigation therapies and the related resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro De Toma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Lo Russo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Signorelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Pagani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Randon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Galli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Arsela Prelaj
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Department of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Polytechnic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Proto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Ganzinelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Zilembo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo de Braud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Chiara Garassino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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190
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Rebuzzi SE, Zullo L, Rossi G, Grassi M, Murianni V, Tagliamento M, Prelaj A, Coco S, Longo L, Dal Bello MG, Alama A, Dellepiane C, Bennicelli E, Malapelle U, Genova C. Novel Emerging Molecular Targets in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052625. [PMID: 33807876 PMCID: PMC7961376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the scenario of systemic treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, one of the most relevant breakthroughs is represented by targeted therapies. Throughout the last years, inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), c-Ros oncogene 1 (ROS1), and V-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) have been approved and are currently used in clinical practice. However, other promising molecular drivers are rapidly emerging as therapeutic targets. This review aims to cover the molecular alterations with a potential clinical impact in NSCLC, including amplifications or mutations of the mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor (MET), fusions of rearranged during transfection (RET), rearrangements of the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase (NTRK) genes, mutations of the Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS) and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), as well as amplifications or mutations of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Additionally, we summarized the current status of targeted agents under investigation for such alterations. This revision of the current literature on emerging molecular targets is needed as the evolving knowledge on novel actionable oncogenic drivers and targeted agents is expected to increase the proportion of patients who will benefit from tailored therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Elena Rebuzzi
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Di.M.I.), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.T.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Lodovica Zullo
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.Z.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (M.G.D.B.); (A.A.); (C.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Giovanni Rossi
- Medical Oncology Department, Ospedale Padre Antero Micone, 16153 Genoa, Italy;
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Roma 151, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Grassi
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Veronica Murianni
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Marco Tagliamento
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Di.M.I.), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.T.); (C.G.)
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.Z.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (M.G.D.B.); (A.A.); (C.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Arsela Prelaj
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Polytechnic University of Milan, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Coco
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.Z.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (M.G.D.B.); (A.A.); (C.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Luca Longo
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.Z.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (M.G.D.B.); (A.A.); (C.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Maria Giovanna Dal Bello
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.Z.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (M.G.D.B.); (A.A.); (C.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Angela Alama
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.Z.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (M.G.D.B.); (A.A.); (C.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Chiara Dellepiane
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.Z.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (M.G.D.B.); (A.A.); (C.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Elisa Bennicelli
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.Z.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (M.G.D.B.); (A.A.); (C.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Umberto Malapelle
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Carlo Genova
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Di.M.I.), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.T.); (C.G.)
- UO Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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191
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Somade OT, Ajayi BO, Adeyi OE, Adeshina AA, Adekoya MO, Abdulhameed RO. Oxidative stress-mediated induction of pulmonary oncogenes, inflammatory, and apoptotic markers following time-course exposure to ethylene glycol monomethyl ether in rats. Metabol Open 2021; 9:100075. [PMID: 33409483 PMCID: PMC7773962 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2020.100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) has been used in many products usually handled by humans including inks, paints, polishes, brake fluids and so on. This present study therefore, investigated its effect on lung, in a time-course study in male Wistar rats. Animals were orally administered 50 mg/kg body weight of EGME for a period of 7, 14, and 21 days. Following 7 days of oral exposure to EGME, activities of GPx and SOD were significantly increased, as well as levels of K-Ras, c-Myc, p53, caspase-3, TNF-α and, IL-6, while NO level and GST activity were significantly reduced compared with control. At the end of 14 days exposure, GSH level was significantly decreased, while levels of K-Ras, c-Myc, p53, caspase-3, TNF-α, IL-6, NO and the activities of SOD and GPx were significantly elevated with respect to control. After 21 days of EGME administration, levels of Bcl-2, IL-10, GSH and NO as well as GST activity were significantly decreased, while levels of K-Ras, c-Myc, p53, Bax, caspase-3, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, as well as GPx, CAT, and SOD activities were significantly elevated compared with control. Lung histopathology revealed chronic disseminated alveolar inflammation, bronchiolitis, severe alveolar and bronchi hyperplasia, severe disseminated inflammation, thrombosis, and thickened vessels as a result of EGME exposures. Exposures to EGME could trigger lung damage via the disorganization of the antioxidant system, eliciting the up-regulation of inflammatory, apoptotic, and oncogenic markers in rats.
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Key Words
- Apoptosis
- Bax, Bcl-2 associated X
- Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- CAT, catalase
- Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- GST, glutathione S-transferase
- Histopathology
- IL-1β, interleukin-1 beta
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- Inflammation
- K-Ras, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene
- Lung
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- NO, nitric oxide
- Oncogenes
- Oxidative stress
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- c-myc, myelocytomatosis
- p53, tumor suppressor protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatobi T. Somade
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Babajide O. Ajayi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Olubisi E. Adeyi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | | | - Mary O. Adekoya
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Ridwan O. Abdulhameed
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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192
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Aguilar-Serra J, Gimeno-Ballester V, Pastor-Clerigues A, Milara J, Marti-Bonmati E, Trigo-Vicente C, Cortijo J. Dacomitinib in first-line treatment of advanced EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer: a cost-effectiveness analysis. J Comp Eff Res 2021; 10:325-335. [PMID: 33635095 DOI: 10.2217/cer-2020-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assess the cost-effectiveness of first-line treatment with dacomitinib compared with gefitinib in patients newly diagnosed with advanced NSCLC EGFR-positive in the context of Spain. Materials & methods: A partitioned survival model was developed including costs, utilities and disutilities to estimate quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio when treating with dacomitinib versus gefitinib. Results: Dacomitinib presented higher QALYs (0.51) compared with gefitinib (0.45). Dacomitinib costs were €33,061 in comparison with €26,692 for gefitinib arm. An incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of €111,048 was obtained for dacomitinib. Conclusion: Dacomitinib was more effective in terms of QALYs gained than gefitinib. However, to obtain a cost-effectiveness alternative, a discount greater than 25% in dacomitinib acquisition cost is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alfonso Pastor-Clerigues
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pharmacy, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Milara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pharmacy, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Research Foundation of General Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER (ES), Respiratory Research, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ezequiel Marti-Bonmati
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pharmacy, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Trigo-Vicente
- Department of Pharmacy, C.R.P. Nuestra Señora del Pilar, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Universidad San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julio Cortijo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pharmacy, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER (ES), Respiratory Research, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
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193
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The evolving landscape of biomarker testing for non-small cell lung cancer in Europe. Lung Cancer 2021; 154:161-175. [PMID: 33690091 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2021.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of oncogenic driver mutations rendering non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) targetable by small-molecule inhibitors, and the development of immunotherapies, have revolutionised NSCLC treatment. Today, instead of non-selective chemotherapies, all patients with advanced NSCLC eligible for treatment (and increasing numbers with earlier, less extensive disease) require fast and comprehensive screening of biomarkers for first-line patient selection for targeted therapy, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy (with or without chemotherapy). To avoid unnecessary re-biopsies, biomarker screening before first-line treatment should also include markers that are actionable from second-line onwards; PD-L1 expression testing is also mandatory before initiating treatment. Population differences exist in the frequency of oncogenic driver mutations: EGFR mutations are more frequent in Asia than Europe, whereas the converse is true for KRAS mutations. In addition to approved first-line therapies, a number of emerging therapies are being investigated in clinical trials. Guidelines for biomarker testing vary by country, with the number of actionable targets and the requirement for extensive molecular screening strategies expected to increase. To meet diagnostic demands, rapid screening technologies for single-driver mutations have been implemented. Improvements in DNA- and RNA-based next-generation sequencing technologies enable analysis of a group of genes in one assay; however, turnaround times remain relatively long. Consequently, rapid screening technologies are being implemented alongside next-generation sequencing. Further challenges in the evolving landscape of biomarker testing in NSCLC are actionable primary and secondary resistance mechanisms to targeted therapies. Therefore, comprehensive testing on re-biopsies, collected at the time of disease progression, in combination with testing of circulating tumour DNA may provide important information to guide second- or third-line therapies. Furthermore, longitudinal biomarker testing can provide insights into tumour evolution and heterogeneity during the course of the disease. We summarise best practice strategies for Europe in the changing landscape of biomarker testing at diagnosis and during treatment.
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194
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Yang Y, Yang L, Wang Y. [Immunotherapy for Lung Cancer: Mechanisms of Resistance and Response Strategy]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2021; 24:112-123. [PMID: 33626853 PMCID: PMC7936078 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2021.101.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of immune checkpoints is at the forefront of immunotherapy for lung cancer. However, a high percentage of lung cancer patients do not respond to these immunotherpy or their responses are transient, indicating the existence of immune resistance. Emerging evidence suggested that the interactions between cancer cells and immune system were continuous and dynamic. Here, we review how a range of cancer-cell-autonomous characteristics, tumor-microenvironment factors, and host-related influences account for heterogenous responses. Furthermore, with the identification of new targets of immunotherapy and development of immune-based combination therapy, we elucidate the methods might useful to overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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195
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Nishimura T, Okano T, Naito M, Iwanaka S, Ohiwa A, Sakakura Y, Yasuma T, Fujimoto H, D'Alessandro-Gabazza CN, Oomoto Y, Kobayashi T, Gabazza EC, Ibata H. Second-line therapy with first- or second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer patients with T790M-negative or unidentified mutation. Thorac Cancer 2021; 12:1067-1073. [PMID: 33586356 PMCID: PMC8017249 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background T790M mutation causes resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in approximately 49% of patients with epidermal growth receptor‐mutant non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The cause of resistance in the remaining half of the cases is a minor mutation or unknown. Here, we conducted a retrospective study of epidermal growth receptor‐mutant NSCLC patients with T790M‐negative or an unidentified mutation to appraise the therapeutic response to first‐ or second‐generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors as a second‐line treatment. Methods The study included 39 patients treated in our institution from April 2012 through March 2020 with second‐line tyrosine kinase inhibitors or chemotherapy after completing a first‐line therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Results The patients were allocated to two groups: chemotherapy (n = 28) and a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (n = 11) groups. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 5.4 months in the chemotherapy group and 3.4 months in the tyrosine kinase inhibitor group (p‐value = 0.36), while the median overall survival (OS) was 16.1 months in the chemotherapy group and 12.8 months in the tyrosine kinase inhibitor group (p‐ value = 0.20). This study showed no significant difference in PFS and OS between the chemotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitor groups. Conclusions These observations suggest that first‐ and second‐generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors are not recommended for second‐line treatment in epidermal growth factor receptor‐mutated NSCLC patients with T790M‐negative mutation who have received tyrosine kinase inhibitors as first‐line treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Nishimura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Mie Chuo Medical Center, Tsu, Japan
| | - Tomohito Okano
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Masahiro Naito
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Mie Chuo Medical Center, Tsu, Japan
| | - Soichi Iwanaka
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Mie Chuo Medical Center, Tsu, Japan
| | - Ayaka Ohiwa
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Mie Chuo Medical Center, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Sakakura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Mie Chuo Medical Center, Tsu, Japan
| | - Taro Yasuma
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hajime Fujimoto
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | | | - Yasuhiro Oomoto
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Mie Chuo Medical Center, Tsu, Japan
| | - Tetsu Kobayashi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Esteban C Gabazza
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ibata
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Mie Chuo Medical Center, Tsu, Japan
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196
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Takagi H, Muto S, Yamaguchi H, Mine H, Ozaki Y, Okabe N, Matsumura Y, Shio Y, Suzuki H. Our experience of lung resection in patients who decline blood transfusion for religious reasons. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 69:1105-1111. [PMID: 33550544 PMCID: PMC8203515 DOI: 10.1007/s11748-021-01589-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective Surgical treatment for patients who refuse blood transfusion due to religious beliefs is an important issue related to medical safety. Few reports have examined pulmonary surgery for these patients, and we analyzed clinical characteristics in such cases. Methods Ten Jehovah’s Witness (JW) patients with lung tumor resection who declined blood transfusion for religious reasons between December 2013 and February 2020 at the Fukushima Medical University Hospital were included. Median total intraoperative blood loss was 17.5 mL (range 5–150 mL). Fibrin glue was used intraoperatively for 8 patients. Final pathological examination revealed pulmonary adenocarcinoma in 9 cases and metastasis of bladder cancer in 1 case. In 8 patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma examined for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation, 6 cases showed mutation. No patients had serious complications, but 1 patient displayed temporary anemia due to postoperative hemorrhagic gastrointestinal ulcer. Result and conclusions Our findings confirm that pulmonary resection is feasible and safe for JW patients if performed by experienced medical staff. However, awareness of complications associated with perioperative bleeding is important. Each JW patient should be interviewed individually and every available perioperative option aimed at blood-sparing management, including use of blood coagulation factors and fibrinogen concentrates, should be carefully discussed and clarified. In this study, the EGFR gene mutation rate was higher than usual for cases of lung adenocarcinoma. Further studies are necessary to assess clinical features in JW patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Takagi
- Department of Chest Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Satoshi Muto
- Department of Chest Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hikaru Yamaguchi
- Department of Chest Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hayato Mine
- Department of Chest Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yuki Ozaki
- Department of Chest Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Okabe
- Department of Chest Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsumura
- Department of Chest Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shio
- Department of Chest Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Chest Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
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Kim YJ, Oremus M, Chen HH, McFarlane T, Fearon D, Horton S. Factors affecting treatment selection and overall survival for first-line EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in non-small-cell lung cancer. J Comp Eff Res 2021; 10:193-206. [PMID: 33543641 DOI: 10.2217/cer-2020-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the factors associated with treatment selection and overall survival for first-line EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) therapy among patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Materials & methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of linked administrative health databases in Ontario, Canada. Results: A total of 1011 patients received an EGFR-TKI as first-line therapy. Treatment selection and overall survival associated with these treatments were affected by age, sex, geographical residency, comorbidities and different sites of metastasis. Conclusion: Though recent approval of osimertinib offers a potential new standard of care in the first-line setting, earlier generation TKIs remain pillars in treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer therapeutic armamentarium. Our findings may contribute to optimizing treatment sequencing of EGFR-TKIs to maximize clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jin Kim
- School of Public Health & Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mark Oremus
- School of Public Health & Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Helen H Chen
- School of Public Health & Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Thomas McFarlane
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Kitchener, ON N2G 1C5, Canada
| | - Danielle Fearon
- School of Public Health & Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Susan Horton
- School of Public Health & Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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198
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Ramadhan HH, Taaban DF, Hassan JK. The Frequency of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutations in Iraqi patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:591-596. [PMID: 33639678 PMCID: PMC8190343 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.2.591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Carcinogenesis could be caused by numerous genetic mutations, one of the most common is the mutation in the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) which was used in the advanced stages of the disease as a therapeutic goal. This study aims to estimate the frequency of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor mutations in Iraqi patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Methods: One hundred thirty-eight patients confirmed with NSCLC have participated in this study, patients were sent for EGFR testing by different oncology centers in Iraq. Data and samples were collected. The Mutation was detected using COBAS® DNA Sample Preparation Kit that designed to detect the following mutations: Exon 19: deletions and complex mutations; Exon 21: L861Q and L858R; Exon 18 mutation: G719X (G719A, G719C, and G719S); Exon 20: S768I, T790M, and insertions, this kit utilizes the technology of the real time Polymerase Chain Reaction. Results: This study was included 79 males and 59 females, with a mean age of 60.1±12.4 years. A positive EGFR mutations were found in 38 (27.53%) of samples. Exon 19 deletions (25/38, 65.8%) and substitution L858R in exon 21 10/38 (26.3%) were the most common mutations. Multiple mutations (Exon 20 and 19 combined together) were founded in 2/38 (5.3%), and 1/38 (2.6%) ALK mutation. Non-significant differences among age groups and gender in the incidence of mutations were found. Conclusion: The current study represents the first epidemiological study in Iraq to find EGFR mutations frequency among NSCLC patients that reveals the incidence rate of 27.53%, which is between the higher prevalence rate in Asian populations and lower rates in western countries. These results explain the genetic differences of NSCLC in the world due to ethnic differences of the population, more studies are needed in Arab countries to study the EGFR mutations, find the effect of ethnicity and environmental factors for lung cancer, and the subsequent therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan H Ramadhan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Basrah , Basrah, Iraq
| | - Dhuha F Taaban
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Basrah , Basrah, Iraq
| | - Jubran K Hassan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Basrah , Basrah, Iraq
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199
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Frost N, Kollmeier J, Vollbrecht C, Grah C, Matthes B, Pultermann D, von Laffert M, Lüders H, Olive E, Raspe M, Mairinger T, Ochsenreither S, Blum T, Hummel M, Suttorp N, Witzenrath M, Grohé C. KRAS G12C/TP53 co-mutations identify long-term responders to first line palliative treatment with pembrolizumab monotherapy in PD-L1 high (≥50%) lung adenocarcinoma. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:737-752. [PMID: 33718018 PMCID: PMC7947421 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Pembrolizumab is a standard of care as first line palliative therapy in PD-L1 overexpressing (≥50%) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed at the identification of KRAS and TP53-defined mutational subgroups in the PD-L1 high population to distinguish long-term responders from those with limited benefit. Methods In this retrospective, observational study, patients from 4 certified lung cancer centers in Berlin, Germany, having received pembrolizumab monotherapy as first line palliative treatment for lung adenocarcinoma (LuAD) from 2017 to 2018, with PD-L1 expression status and targeted NGS data available, were evaluated. Results A total of 119 patients were included. Rates for KRAS, TP53 and combined mutations were 52.1%, 47.1% and 21.9%, respectively, with no association given between KRAS and TP53 mutations (P=0.24). By trend, PD-L1 expression was higher in KRAS-positive patients (75% vs. 65%, P=0.13). Objective response rate (ORR), median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in the KRASG12C group (n=32, 51.6%) were 63.3%, 19.8 months (mo.) and not estimable (NE), respectively. Results in KRASother and wild type patients were similar and by far lower (42.7%, P=0.06; 6.2 mo., P<0.001; 23.4 mo., P=0.08). TP53 mutations alone had no impact on response and survival. However, KRASG12C/TP53 co-mutations (n=12) defined a subset of long-term responders (ORR 100.0%, PFS 33.3 mo., OS NE). In contrast, patients with KRASother/TP53 mutations showed a dismal prognosis (ORR 27.3%, P=0.002; PFS 3.9 mo., P=0.001, OS 9.7 mo., P=0.02). Conclusions A comprehensive assessment of KRAS subtypes and TP53 mutations allows a highly relevant prognostic differentiation of patients with metastatic, PD-L1 high LuAD treated upfront with pembrolizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj Frost
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Kollmeier
- Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Lungenklinik Heckeshorn, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Vollbrecht
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Pathology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Grah
- Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Havelhöhe, Department of Pneumonology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Matthes
- Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Havelhöhe, Department of Pneumonology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dennis Pultermann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian von Laffert
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Pathology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Lüders
- Klinik für Pneumologie - Evangelische Lungenklinik Berlin Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Olive
- Klinik für Pneumologie - Evangelische Lungenklinik Berlin Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Raspe
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Mairinger
- Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Department of Pathology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ochsenreither
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Blum
- Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Lungenklinik Heckeshorn, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hummel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Pathology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Grohé
- Klinik für Pneumologie - Evangelische Lungenklinik Berlin Buch, Berlin, Germany
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200
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Goh KY, Lim WT. Cyclin D1 expression in KRAS mutant non-small cell lung cancer-old wine into new skins. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 9:2302-2304. [PMID: 33489791 PMCID: PMC7815367 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kah Yee Goh
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wan-Teck Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Office of Academic and Clinical Development, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, AStar, Proteos, Singapore
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