151
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Wada M, Ito T, Tsuji G, Nakahara T, Hagihara A, Furue M, Uchi H. Acral lentiginous melanoma versus other melanoma: A single-center analysis in Japan. J Dermatol 2017; 44:932-938. [PMID: 28342269 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We summarize herein our 14-year experience of conventional treatment outcomes before the era of molecular-targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Specifically, we conducted a retrospective review of our 252 patients with primary cutaneous melanoma (acral lentiginous melanoma [ALM], n = 121; non-acral lentiginous melanoma [non-ALM], n = 131), and compared the prognostic factors between ALM and non-ALM. Melanoma-specific survival and disease-free survival were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Regarding the results, all patients were Japanese (106 male and 146 female), with a mean age of 60.1 years. Among ALM patients, age was elder and primary tumor size was larger than non-ALM. As for tumor thickness, in situ lesions were more frequently observed in ALM. There was no significant difference in the distribution of tumor thickness between the two groups when excluding the in situ lesions. For treatment of the primary melanoma, 248 patients (98.4%) had undergone curative surgical excision and 120 patients with more than 1 mm or ulcerated melanoma had undergone sentinel lymph node biopsy. Patients with systemic metastasis primarily underwent dacarbazine-based chemotherapy. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed no significant difference in melanoma-specific survival and disease-free survival between those with ALM and non-ALM. The results also showed that both ALM and non-ALM, when they initially metastasize, first affect the regional lymph nodes. Incisional biopsy was not an adverse prognostic factor. These results suggest that ALM does not differ in its biological behavior from non-ALM, so we can consider ALM as being equivalent to non-ALM. The initial treatment for ALM and non-ALM can involve the same strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Wada
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takamichi Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Gaku Tsuji
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakahara
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Division of Skin Surface Sensing, Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akihito Hagihara
- Department of Health Services Management and Policy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Division of Skin Surface Sensing, Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uchi
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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152
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Shahid S, Hussain K. Role of Glioblastoma Craniotomy Related to Patient Survival: A 10-Year Survey in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2017; 78:132-138. [PMID: 28321376 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1593469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 270 glioblastoma patients were treated for tumor resection during 2004 to 2014. The following variables were examined: patient age group (PAG) and percent of the extent of resection (EOR) in four types of resections: gross total resection (GTR), subtotal resection (STR), partial resection (PR), and biopsy/decompression (BD). The Karnofsky performance scale (KPS) was used and the average survival time noted. The least survival time (7 months) was noticed in the patient age group 18 to 35 years with biopsy only, whereas, the maximum survival time (14.5 months) was noted with the patient age group 54 to 71 years by gross tumor resection. The largest number of (n = 76) patients had PR (80%) and these patients had an average survival time of 10.5 months. Total 190 patients out of 270, with EOR (100-80%) had a KPS score "0" (80 and above) and total 80 patients out of 270 patients, with EOR (50%) had a KPS score "1" (below 80). The correlation was statistically significant at (p < 0.050) for EOR (%) and KPS score (0/1) only. Correlation analysis showed that the maximum resection has a strong impact on the glioblastoma patient's survival. A lesser EOR correlated with poor quality of life and also a decreased survival of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Shahid
- Department of Sciences and Humanities, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences (NUCES), Foundation for Advancement of Science and Technology (FAST), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kamran Hussain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Federal Post Graduate Medical Institute, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
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153
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Choi W, Xue M, Lane BF, Kang MK, Patel K, Regine WF, Klahr P, Wang J, Chen S, D'Souza W, Lu W. Individually optimized contrast-enhanced 4D-CT for radiotherapy simulation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Med Phys 2017; 43:5659. [PMID: 27782710 DOI: 10.1118/1.4963213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop an individually optimized contrast-enhanced (CE) 4D-computed tomography (CT) for radiotherapy simulation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDA). METHODS Ten PDA patients were enrolled. Each underwent three CT scans: a 4D-CT immediately following a CE 3D-CT and an individually optimized CE 4D-CT using test injection. Three physicians contoured the tumor and pancreatic tissues. Image quality scores, tumor volume, motion, tumor-to-pancreas contrast, and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were compared in the three CTs. Interobserver variations were also evaluated in contouring the tumor using simultaneous truth and performance level estimation. RESULTS Average image quality scores for CE 3D-CT and CE 4D-CT were comparable (4.0 and 3.8, respectively; P = 0.082), and both were significantly better than that for 4D-CT (2.6, P < 0.001). Tumor-to-pancreas contrast results were comparable in CE 3D-CT and CE 4D-CT (15.5 and 16.7 Hounsfield units (HU), respectively; P = 0.21), and the latter was significantly higher than in 4D-CT (9.2 HU, P = 0.001). Image noise in CE 3D-CT (12.5 HU) was significantly lower than in CE 4D-CT (22.1 HU, P = 0.013) and 4D-CT (19.4 HU, P = 0.009). CNRs were comparable in CE 3D-CT and CE 4D-CT (1.4 and 0.8, respectively; P = 0.42), and both were significantly better in 4D-CT (0.6, P = 0.008 and 0.014). Mean tumor volumes were significantly smaller in CE 3D-CT (29.8 cm3, P = 0.03) and CE 4D-CT (22.8 cm3, P = 0.01) than in 4D-CT (42.0 cm3). Mean tumor motion was comparable in 4D-CT and CE 4D-CT (7.2 and 6.2 mm, P = 0.17). Interobserver variations were comparable in CE 3D-CT and CE 4D-CT (Jaccard index 66.0% and 61.9%, respectively) and were worse for 4D-CT (55.6%) than CE 3D-CT. CONCLUSIONS CE 4D-CT demonstrated characteristics comparable to CE 3D-CT, with high potential for simultaneously delineating the tumor and quantifying tumor motion with a single scan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wookjin Choi
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065 and Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Ming Xue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Barton F Lane
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Min Kyu Kang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, South Korea
| | - Kruti Patel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - William F Regine
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Paul Klahr
- Philips Healthcare, Highland Heights, Ohio 44143
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Shifeng Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Warren D'Souza
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065 and Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
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154
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Bikkavilli RK, Zerayesus SA, Van Scoyk M, Wilson L, Wu PY, Baskaran A, Tang K, Raheem S, Samuelson BA, Reddy NM, Reddy SP, Cool CD, Kosmider B, Avasarala S, Winn RA. K-homology splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) promotes post-transcriptional destabilization of Spry4 transcripts in non-small cell lung cancer. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:7423-7434. [PMID: 28275056 PMCID: PMC5418043 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.757906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AU-rich element-binding proteins (ARE-BPs) offer post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression via physical interaction and recruitment of RNA decay machinery to the AU-rich elements within the 3′-UTR of the target transcripts. However, the role of ARE-BPs in lung cancer remains poorly understood. In this study, we have identified that K-homology splicing regulatory protein (KSRP), an ARE-BP, is robustly up-regulated in human lung cancer. Importantly, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that elevated KSRP expression was correlated with poor overall survival of lung cancer patients. Furthermore, cigarette smoke, a leading risk factor for lung cancer, was also identified to be an important contributor to increased KSRP expression. Remarkably, silencing of KSRP decreased cell proliferation, reversed anchorage-independent growth, and reduced migration/invasion, suggesting an oncogenic role for KSRP in lung cancer. Finally, we provide mechanistic evidence that KSRP promotes the down-regulation of Spry4 by a previously unidentified mechanism, i.e. post-transcriptional mRNA regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Kamesh Bikkavilli
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine and
| | - Sereke Adam Zerayesus
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine and
| | - Michelle Van Scoyk
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine and
| | - Lora Wilson
- Department of Pathology and Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Pei-Ying Wu
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine and
| | - Abhinaya Baskaran
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine and
| | - Ke Tang
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine and
| | - Syed Raheem
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine and
| | - Blain A Samuelson
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine and
| | - Narsa M Reddy
- Division of Developmental Biology and Basic Research, Department of Pediatrics,University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Sekhar P Reddy
- Division of Developmental Biology and Basic Research, Department of Pediatrics,University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Carlyne D Cool
- Department of Pathology and Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Beata Kosmider
- Departments of Physiology, Thoracic Medicine, and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine and.,Center for Inflammation, Translational, and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140.,Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206, and
| | - Sreedevi Avasarala
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine and
| | - Robert A Winn
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine and .,Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
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155
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Older age at the completion of linear growth is associated with an increased risk of adult glioma. Cancer Causes Control 2017; 28:709-716. [PMID: 28260177 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-017-0871-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the association of age when adult height was attained with glioma risk. METHODS We analyzed data from a US-based case-control study of glioma risk factors. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) associated between age at attainment of adult height and glioma risk. Multivariate models were adjusted for age, race, sex, education, and state of residence. We examined associations overall, and according to glioma grade, sex, and final adult height. RESULTS The study set included n = 951 controls and n = 776 cases, with a median age of 56 (18-92); the majority was male (53.8%) and identified as Caucasian. Older age at height completion was associated with an increased risk of glioma. A significant positive trend was observed both for glioblastoma (OR 1.10; 95% CI 1.04-1.17 per 1-year increase in age) and lower grade non-glioblastoma subtypes combined (OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.10-1.28 per year increase in age). The association was observed in men and women, and in all categories of final adult height. CONCLUSIONS We observed for the first time a positive association between glioma risk and a prolonged adolescent growth phase. Our results suggest a role for factors governing the timing and intensity of growth in adolescence as risk-determining exposures in adult glioma.
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156
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Tsakonas G, De Petris L, Ekman S. Management of brain metastasized non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) – From local treatment to new systemic therapies. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 54:122-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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157
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Nilsson J, Holgersson G, Carlsson T, Henriksson R, Bergström S, Bergqvist M. Incidence trends in high-grade primary brain tumors in males and females. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:2831-2837. [PMID: 28454474 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The focus of the present review is to investigate whether there is a variation in the incidence rates between male and female patients with high-grade primary brain tumors and if there are altered incidence rates associated with the time at which they were diagnosed. Previous studies identified in internationally peer-reviewed journals were identified using a systematic search of the PubMed database. Due to the difficulties in data interpretation, studies that exclusively included patient data classified prior to the 2nd edition of the World Health Organization histological classification system of brain tumors were excluded. The overall incidence rates and incidence trends of male and female patients were analyzed separately. The mean age-adjusted overall incidence rate in the male population was 1.27 per 100,000 compared with 0.89 per 100,000 in the female population. The variance between the two genders differed and a Wilcoxon rank-sum test indicated that there was no significant difference in the incidence rate of high-grade primary brain tumors between males and females (P=0.3658). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in incidence rate trend between 1996-2004 and 2005-2010 for male or female populations (P=0.101 and P=0.472, respectively). The results from the present systematic review did not demonstrate a significant difference in incidence rate between the two genders. Therefore, the results from the current study are considered to be preliminary and further studies are required to elucidate this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Nilsson
- Centre for Research and Development, Uppsala University/Region Gävleborg, SE-801 87 Gävle, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences and Oncology, Umeå University Hospital, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiology, Gävle Hospital, SE-801 88 Gävle, Sweden
| | - Georg Holgersson
- Centre for Research and Development, Uppsala University/Region Gävleborg, SE-801 87 Gävle, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Gävle Hospital, SE-801 88 Gävle, Sweden
| | - Tobias Carlsson
- Department of Oncology, Gävle Hospital, SE-801 88 Gävle, Sweden
| | - Roger Henriksson
- Department of Radiation Sciences and Oncology, Umeå University Hospital, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.,Regional Cancer Center Stockholm-Gotland, Västgötagatan 2, SE-102 39 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Bergström
- Centre for Research and Development, Uppsala University/Region Gävleborg, SE-801 87 Gävle, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Gävle Hospital, SE-801 88 Gävle, Sweden
| | - Michael Bergqvist
- Centre for Research and Development, Uppsala University/Region Gävleborg, SE-801 87 Gävle, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences and Oncology, Umeå University Hospital, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Gävle Hospital, SE-801 88 Gävle, Sweden
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158
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Montes A, Fernández A, Camacho V, de Quintana C, Gallego O, Craven-Bartle J, López D, Molet J, Gómez-Ansón B, Carrió I. The usefulness of 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT in the detection of recurrence of central nervous system primary neoplasms. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2017; 36:227-232. [PMID: 28219644 DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the usefulness of 18F-fluorocholine (FCH) in detecting the recurrence of primary brain tumours. MATERIAL AND METHODS A prospective study was conducted on brain PET/CT with FCH for compassionate use in 21 patients with suspected recurrence of a primary brain tumour. The distribution by pathology was: three grade ii astrocytomas, three grade iii astrocytomas, one grade ii oligodendroglioma, three grade iii oligodendrogliomas, one grade iii oligoastrocytoma, four glioblastoma multiform, one gliomatosis cerebri, and five meningiomas. Studies in which there was a visually significant uptake in the brain parenchyma were classified as positive. RESULTS A total of 17 patients were classified as positive, with the results being confirmed by histology (10 cases) or clinical follow-up and imaging, with no false positives or negatives. The mean SUVmax for positive patients was 8.02 and 0.94 for the negative ones, which was significantly different (P=.003) CONCLUSION: PET/CT with FCH shows encouraging results in the evaluation of patients with suspected recurrence of primary brain neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Montes
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, España.
| | - A Fernández
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
| | - V Camacho
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
| | - C de Quintana
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
| | - O Gallego
- Servicio de Oncología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
| | - J Craven-Bartle
- Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
| | - D López
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
| | - J Molet
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
| | - B Gómez-Ansón
- Servicio de Radiología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
| | - I Carrió
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
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159
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Kossatz S, Carney B, Schweitzer M, Carlucci G, Miloushev VZ, Maachani UB, Rajappa P, Keshari KR, Pisapia D, Weber WA, Souweidane MM, Reiner T. Biomarker-Based PET Imaging of Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma in Mouse Models. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2112-2123. [PMID: 28108511 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a childhood brainstem tumor with a universally poor prognosis. Here, we characterize a positron emission tomography (PET) probe for imaging DIPG in vivo In human histological tissues, the probes target, PARP1, was highly expressed in DIPG compared to normal brain. PET imaging allowed for the sensitive detection of DIPG in a genetically engineered mouse model, and probe uptake correlated to histologically determined tumor infiltration. Imaging with the sister fluorescence agent revealed that uptake was confined to proliferating, PARP1-expressing cells. Comparison with other imaging technologies revealed remarkable accuracy of our biomarker approach. We subsequently demonstrated that serial imaging of DIPG in mouse models enables monitoring of tumor growth, as shown in modeling of tumor progression. Overall, this validated method for quantifying DIPG burden would serve useful in monitoring treatment response in early phase clinical trials. Cancer Res; 77(8); 2112-23. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Brandon Carney
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Chemistry, Hunter College and PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Melanie Schweitzer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Giuseppe Carlucci
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Vesselin Z Miloushev
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Uday B Maachani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Prajwal Rajappa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Kayvan R Keshari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - David Pisapia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Wolfgang A Weber
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Mark M Souweidane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. .,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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160
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Iranmahboob A, Peck KK, Brennan NP, Karimi S, Fisicaro R, Hou B, Holodny AI. Vascular Reactivity Maps in Patients with Gliomas Using Breath-Holding BOLD fMRI. J Neuroimaging 2017; 26:232-9. [PMID: 26250554 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To evaluate whether breath-holding (BH) blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI can quantify differences in vascular reactivity (VR), as there is a need for improved contrast mechanisms in gliomas. METHODS 16 patients (gliomas, grade II = 5, III = 2, IV = 9) were evaluated using the BH paradigm: 4-second single deep breath followed by 16 seconds of BH and 40 seconds of regular breathing for five cycles. VR was defined as the difference in BOLD signal between the minimal signal seen at the end of the deep breath and maximal signal seen at the end of BH (peak-to-trough). VR was measured for every voxel and compared for gray versus white matter and tumor versus normal contralateral brain. VR maps were compared to the areas of enhancement and FLAIR/T2 abnormality. RESULTS VR was significantly lower in normal white matter than gray matter (P < .05) and in tumors compared to the normal, contralateral brain (P < 0.002). The area of abnormal VR (1103 ± 659 mm²) was significantly greater (P = .019) than the enhancement (543 ± 530 mm²), but significantly smaller (P = .0011) than the FLAIR abnormality (2363 ± 1232 mm²). However, the variability in the areas of gadolinium contrast enhancement versus VR abnormality indicates that the contrast mechanism elicited by BH (caused by abnormal arteriolar smooth muscles) appears to be fundamentally different from the contrast mechanism of gadolinium enhancement (caused by the presence of "leaky" gap junctions). CONCLUSIONS BH maps based on peak-to-trough can be used to characterize VR in brain tumors. VR maps in brain tumor patients appear to be caused by a different mechanism than gadolinium enhancement.
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161
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Mannina EM, Bartlett GK, McMullen KP. Extended Volumetric Follow-up of Juvenile Pilocytic Astrocytomas Treated with Proton Beam Therapy. Int J Part Ther 2016; 3:291-299. [PMID: 31772980 DOI: 10.14338/ijpt-16-00020.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe volume changes following proton beam therapy (PBT) for juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma (JPA), we analyzed post-PBT magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to clarify survivorship, response rate, and the concept of pseudoprogression. Materials and Methods Pediatric patients with a histologic diagnosis of JPA after a biopsy or subtotal resection and at least 4 post-PBT MRIs were retrospectively reviewed. After PBT, tumors were contoured on follow-up T1-contrasted MRIs, and 3-dimensional volumes were plotted against time, with thresholds for progressive disease and partial response. Patterns of response, pseudoprogression, and progression were uncovered. Post-PBT clinical course was described by the need for further intervention and survivorship. Results Fifteen patients with a median of 10 follow-up MRIs made up this report: 60% were heavily pretreated with multiple lines of chemotherapy, and 67% had undergone subtotal resection. With a median follow-up of 55.3 months after a median of 5400 centigray equivalents PBT, estimates of 5-year overall survival and intervention-free survival were 93% and 72%, respectively. The crude response rate of 73% included pseudoprogressing patients, who comprised 20% of the entire cohort; the phenomenon peaked between 3 and 8 months and resolved by 18 months. One nonresponder expired from progression. Post-PBT intervention was required in 53% of patients, with 1 patient resuming chemotherapy. There were no further resections or radiotherapy. One patient developed acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and another developed biopsy-proven radionecrosis. Conclusion The PBT for inoperable/progressive JPA provided 72% 5-year intervention-free survival in heavily pretreated patients. Although most patients responded, 20% demonstrated pseudoprogression. The need for post-PBT surveillance for progression and treatment-induced sequelae should not be underestimated in this extended survivorship cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward M Mannina
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Greg K Bartlett
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kevin P McMullen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Kim HJ, Sung L, Kim JY, Park K. Diagnostic utility of double immunostaining of a urine cytology preparation for cytokeratin 20/p53 expression in a young woman with micropapillary urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis presenting as an unknown primary malignancy. Cytojournal 2016; 13:26. [PMID: 27994635 PMCID: PMC5137237 DOI: 10.4103/1742-6413.194162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical urine cytology (CYT) triggers a cystoscopic or another ancillary investigation that targets urothelial neoplasms. We report a case presenting as an unknown primary malignancy, which illustrated the diagnostic utility of direct double immunostaining for cytokeratin 20 (CK20)/p53 expression in a urine CYT specimen. A 42-year-old woman visited the emergency room for pain in her right lower abdominal quadrant. Computed tomography revealed postrenal obstructive hydronephrosis, and her urine CYT showed malignancy, type undetermined. Atypical cells that are positive for cytoplasmic expression of CK20 and nuclear expression of p53 could facilitate the decision to perform a nephroureterectomy for urothelial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jung Kim
- Address: Department of Pathology, Inje University, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Lucky Sung
- Department of Urology, Inje University, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Yeon Kim
- Address: Department of Pathology, Inje University, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyeongmee Park
- Address: Department of Pathology, Inje University, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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163
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Bowen RC, Hahn AW, Butler TW, Khong HT. Complete response to azacitidine priming and nab-paclitaxel in non-Hodgkin lymphoma resistant to biochemotherapy. Mol Clin Oncol 2016; 6:122-124. [PMID: 28123744 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2016.1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard of care for first-line therapy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (R-CHOP) regimen. For patients who fail to respond, have an incomplete response or relapse, numerous effective options exists besides salvage cisplatin-based regimen and autologous stem cell therapy. Even with this approach, the outcome remains very poor for this group of patients. The present case illustrates a 55-year-old woman diagnosed with DLBCL, who experienced an early incomplete response, later progression during treatment with the R-CHOP regimen. The patient received salvage therapy with rituximab, cisplatin and gemcitabine, again with an incomplete response. The patient declined consideration for stem cell therapy. Her disease progressed and she enrolled in the present phase I trial using azacitadine priming and nanoalbumin-bound (nab)-paclitaxel. After three cycles, follow-up positron emission tomography/computed tomography revealed a complete response for the first time since her initial diagnosis and the patient has remained disease-free for >6 years. Azacitadine and nab-paclitaxel combination appeared to be an effective regimen for the treatment of this patient with refractory DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy C Bowen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Salt Lake, UT 84112, USA
| | - Andrew W Hahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Salt Lake, UT 84112, USA
| | - Thomas W Butler
- Department of Oncology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Hung T Khong
- Department of Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake, UT 84112, USA
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164
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Lang S. Cognitive eloquence in neurosurgery: Insight from graph theoretical analysis of complex brain networks. Med Hypotheses 2016; 98:49-56. [PMID: 28012604 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The structure and function of the brain can be described by complex network models, and the topological properties of these models can be quantified by graph theoretical analysis. This has given insight into brain regions, known as hubs, which are critical for integrative functioning and information transfer, both fundamental aspects of cognition. In this manuscript a hypothesis is put forward for the concept of cognitive eloquence in neurosurgery; that is regions (cortical, subcortical and white matter) of the brain which may not necessarily have readily identifiable neurological function, but if injured may result in disproportionate cognitive morbidity. To this end, the effects of neurosurgical resection on cognition is reviewed and an overview of the role of complex network analysis in the understanding of brain structure and function is provided. The literature describing network, behavioral, and cognitive effects resulting from lesions to, and disconnections of, centralized hub regions will be emphasized as evidence for the espousal of the concept of cognitive eloquence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Lang
- University of Calgary, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Canada.
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165
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166
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Moreno CC, Sullivan PS, Mittal PK. MRI Evaluation of Rectal Cancer: Staging and Restaging. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2016; 46:234-241. [PMID: 28089690 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the staging and restaging of rectal cancer. Multiplanar high-resolution (≤3-mm section thickness) T2-weighted images are the primary sequences used for rectal cancer staging. No preprocedural bowel cleansing regimen, intravenous contrast material, nor endorectal coil is necessary. MRI is highly accurate for differentiating T1-T2 disease from T3 and T4 disease, an important distinction as patients with T3 and T4 tumors typically undergo preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiation before resection. At MRI, the muscularis propria appears as a thin black line encircling the outer wall of the rectum, and tumor extension through this line indicates T3 disease. Further tumor extension into adjacent organs indicates T4 disease. Endorectal ultrasound is generally preferred to differentiate T1 (submucosal involvement) from T2 (extension into but no disruption of muscularis propria) disease. MRI is also accurate in the assessment of tumor involvement of the mesorectal fascia. Tumor involvement of the mesorectal fascia increases the likelihood of recurrence following resection. MRI is less accurate for determination of lymph node status, though heterogeneous signal intensity and irregular margins are suggestive of node positive disease. Approximately 10%-30% of patients who undergo preoperative chemoradiation experience a complete pathologic response that is defined as no residual tumor found at histopathologic analysis of the resected specimen. The addition of diffusion-weighted images to T2-weighted images improves the accuracy of restaging examinations for determination of complete pathologic responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney C Moreno
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.
| | - Patrick S Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Pardeep K Mittal
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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Isachenko V, Todorov P, Isachenko E, Rahimi G, Hanstein B, Salama M, Mallmann P, Tchorbanov A, Hardiman P, Getreu N, Merzenich M. Cryopreservation and xenografting of human ovarian fragments: medulla decreases the phosphatidylserine translocation rate. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2016; 14:79. [PMID: 27832793 PMCID: PMC5105236 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-016-0213-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphatidylserine is the phospholipid component which plays a key role in cell cycle signaling, specifically in regards to necrosis and apoptosis. When a cell affected by some negative factors, phosphatidylserine is no longer restricted to the intracellular side of membrane and can be translocated to the extracellular surface of the cell. Cryopreservation can induce translocation of phosphatidylserine in response to hypoxia, increasing intracellular Ca2+, osmotic disruption of cellular membranes, generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. As such the aim of this study was to test the level of phosphatidylserine translocation in frozen human medulla-contained and medulla-free ovarian tissue fragments. METHODS Ovarian fragments from twelve patients were divided into small pieces of two types, medulla-free cortex (Group 1, n = 42, 1.5-3.0 × 1.5-3.0 × 0.5-0.8 mm) and cortex with medulla (Group 2, n = 42, 1.5-3.0 × 1.5-3.0 × 1.5-2.0 mm), pre-cooled after operative removal to 5 °C for 24 h and then conventionally frozen with 6 % dimethyl sulfoxide, 6 % ethylene glycol and 0.15 M sucrose in standard 5-ml cryo-vials. After thawing at +100 °C and step-wise removal of cryoprotectants in 0.5 M sucrose, ovarian pieces were xenografted to SCID mice for 45 days. The efficacy of tissues cryopreservation, taking into account the presence or absence of medulla, was evaluated by the development of follicles (histology with hematoxylin-eosin) and through the intensity of translocation of phosphatidylserine (FACS with FITC-Annexin V and Propidium Iodide). RESULTS For Groups 1 and 2, the mean densities of follicles per 1 mm3 were 9.8, and 9.0, respectively. In these groups, 90 and 90 % preantral follicles appeared morphologically normal. However, FACS analysis showed a significantly decreased intensity of translocation of phosphatidylserine (FITC-Annexin V positive) after cryopreservation of tissue with medulla (Group 2, 59.6 %), in contrast with tissue frozen without medulla (Group 1, 78.0 %, P < 0.05). In Groups 1 and 2 it was detected that 21.6 and 40.0 % cells were viable (FITC-Annexin V negative, Propidium Iodide negative). CONCLUSION The presence of medulla in ovarian pieces is beneficial for post-thaw development of cryopreserved human ovarian tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Isachenko
- Research Group for Reproductive Medicine and IVF-Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Genecology, Cologne University, Kerpener Str. 34, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Plamen Todorov
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Tzarigradsko shosse 73, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Evgenia Isachenko
- Research Group for Reproductive Medicine and IVF-Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Genecology, Cologne University, Kerpener Str. 34, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gohar Rahimi
- Research Group for Reproductive Medicine and IVF-Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Genecology, Cologne University, Kerpener Str. 34, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Bettina Hanstein
- Research Group for Reproductive Medicine and IVF-Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Genecology, Cologne University, Kerpener Str. 34, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Salama
- Research Group for Reproductive Medicine and IVF-Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Genecology, Cologne University, Kerpener Str. 34, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Mallmann
- Research Group for Reproductive Medicine and IVF-Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Genecology, Cologne University, Kerpener Str. 34, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrey Tchorbanov
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Block 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Paul Hardiman
- Institute of Women’s Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Natalie Getreu
- Institute of Women’s Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Markus Merzenich
- MedEvent Dr. Merzenich GmbH, Im Zollhafen 12, 50678 Cologne, Germany
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Chawla N, Blanch-Hartigan D, Virgo KS, Ekwueme DU, Han X, Forsythe L, Rodriguez J, McNeel TS, Yabroff KR. Quality of Patient-Provider Communication Among Cancer Survivors: Findings From a Nationally Representative Sample. J Oncol Pract 2016; 12:e964-e973. [PMID: 27221992 PMCID: PMC5455584 DOI: 10.1200/jop.2015.006999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although patient-provider communication is an essential component of health care delivery, little is known about the quality of these discussions among patients with cancer. METHODS Data are from the 2011 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Experiences with Cancer survey among 1,202 adult cancer survivors. We evaluated discussions with any provider after a cancer diagnosis about: (1) follow-up care; (2) late or long-term treatment effects; (3) lifestyle recommendations, such as diet, exercise, and quitting smoking; and (4) emotional or social needs. Using a response scale ranging from "did not discuss" to "discussed in detail," a summary score was constructed to define communication quality as high, medium, or low. Patient factors associated with the quality of provider discussions were examined using multivariable polytomous logistic regression analyses. RESULTS At the time of the survey, approximately one half of the patients (46%) were either within 1 year (24.1%) or between 1 and 5 years (22.0%) of treatment. More than one third of cancer survivors reported that they did not receive detailed communication about follow-up care, and more than one half reported that they did not receive detailed communication regarding late or long-term effects, lifestyle recommendations, or emotional and social needs. Only 24% reported high-quality communication for all four elements, indicating that the vast majority experienced suboptimal communication. In multivariable analysis, survivors reporting a high communication quality with providers included those who were within 1 year of treatment, between the ages of 18 and 64 years, non-Hispanic black or other ethnicity, and married. CONCLUSION Study findings demonstrate gaps in the communication quality experienced by cancer survivors in the United States and help identify survivors for targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Chawla
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; and Information Management Services, Rockville, MD; Bentley University, Waltham, MA; Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; and American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; and Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Washington, DC
| | - Danielle Blanch-Hartigan
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; and Information Management Services, Rockville, MD; Bentley University, Waltham, MA; Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; and American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; and Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Washington, DC
| | - Katherine S Virgo
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; and Information Management Services, Rockville, MD; Bentley University, Waltham, MA; Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; and American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; and Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Washington, DC
| | - Donatus U Ekwueme
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; and Information Management Services, Rockville, MD; Bentley University, Waltham, MA; Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; and American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; and Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Washington, DC
| | - Xuesong Han
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; and Information Management Services, Rockville, MD; Bentley University, Waltham, MA; Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; and American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; and Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Washington, DC
| | - Laura Forsythe
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; and Information Management Services, Rockville, MD; Bentley University, Waltham, MA; Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; and American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; and Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Washington, DC
| | - Juan Rodriguez
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; and Information Management Services, Rockville, MD; Bentley University, Waltham, MA; Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; and American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; and Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Washington, DC
| | - Timothy S McNeel
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; and Information Management Services, Rockville, MD; Bentley University, Waltham, MA; Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; and American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; and Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Washington, DC
| | - K Robin Yabroff
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; and Information Management Services, Rockville, MD; Bentley University, Waltham, MA; Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; and American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; and Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Washington, DC
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169
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Zhao L, Zheng Z, Huang P. Diabetes mellitus and the risk of glioma: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:4483-9. [PMID: 26683358 PMCID: PMC4826220 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Some studies reported a statistically significant inverse association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and risk of gliomas. However, the result is still controversial. We thus did a meta-analysis and summarized the evidence on the incidence of gliomas that has been studied in its association with DM. Seven case-control studies and 4 cohort studies were selected in this meta-analysis (n = 5898251). DM was significantly associated with decreased risk of gliomas (OR = 0.79; 95% CI 0.67 – 0.93; P = 0.004; I2 = 59%). In the subgroup analysis of race, Caucasians of DM showed decreased risk of gliomas (OR = 0.81; 95% CI 0.69 – 0.94; P = 0.007). In the subgroup analysis of design, a statistically significant protective effect of DM on gliomas was observed in case-control studies (OR = 0.68; 95 % CI, 0.53–0.87; P = 0.002), while no such effect was observed in cohort studies (OR = 0.97; 95 % CI, 0.83–1.13; P = 0.70). In a further stratified analysis by gender, a significant association was found among males with DM (OR = 0.83; 95 % CI, 0.70–0.99; P = 0.04). No significant association was found between females with DM and gliomas (OR = 0.97; 95 % CI, 0.78–1.21; P = 0.81). In summary, this meta-analysis of current evidence suggests that DM is significantly associated with decreased gliomas risk in Caucasian and males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqian Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Zheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, Guangzhou, China
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170
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Discrepancies among Measures of Executive Functioning in a Subsample of Young Adult Survivors of Childhood Brain Tumor: Associations with Treatment Intensity. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2016; 22:900-910. [PMID: 27667398 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617716000771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Treatments for childhood brain tumors (BT) confer substantial risks to neurological development and contribute to neuropsychological deficits in young adulthood. Evidence suggests that individuals who experience more significant neurological insult may lack insight into their neurocognitive limitations. The present study compared survivor, mother, and performance-based estimates of executive functioning (EF), and their associations with treatment intensity history in a subsample of young adult survivors of childhood BTs. METHODS Thirty-four survivors (52.9% female), aged 18 to 30 years (M=23.5; SD=3.4), 16.1 years post-diagnosis (SD=5.9), were administered self-report and performance-based EF measures. Mothers also rated survivor EF skills. Survivors were classified by treatment intensity history into Minimal, Average/Moderate, or Intensive/Most-Intensive groups. Discrepancies among survivor, mother, and performance-based EF estimates were compared. RESULTS Survivor-reported and performance-based measures were not correlated, although significant associations were found between mother-reported and performance measures. Survivors in the Intensive/Most-Intensive treatment group evidenced the greatest score discrepancies, reporting less executive dysfunction relative to mother-reported F(2,31)=7.81, p.05). CONCLUSIONS There may be a lack of agreement among survivor, mother, and performance-based estimates of EF skills in young adult survivors of childhood BT, and these discrepancies may be associated with treatment intensity history. Neuropsychologists should use a multi-method, multi-reporter approach to assessment of EF in this population. Providers also should be aware of these discrepancies as they may be a barrier to intervention efforts. (JINS, 2016, 22, 900-910).
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171
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Liu Z, Yang W, Long G, Wei C. Trace Elements and Chemotherapy Sensitivity. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 173:283-90. [PMID: 26961293 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0667-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Trace elements might be associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the efficacy of chemotherapy against HCC. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the association between trace elements and efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with HCC. Cancer, cancer-adjacent, and cancer-free tissues were collected intraoperatively from 55 patients with HCC between January 2001 and April 2004 at the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University in Guangxi (China), a high HCC incidence area in the world. Trace element levels were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In vitro sensitivity of cancer cells to five chemotherapeutic drugs (5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, cisplatin, carboplatin, and mitomycin) was tested using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in cancer cells from 32 patients. Zinc, copper, manganese, and selenium levels had the same gradient distribution in different liver tissues: cancer < cancer-adjacent < cancer-free tissues. Copper levels of cancer tissues were negatively correlated with body weight (r = -0.278, P = 0.027), while manganese and selenium levels were negatively correlated with age (r = -0.297, P = 0.015; r = -0.285, P = 0.018, respectively). Simple correlation analyses revealed that the carboplatin sensitivity was negatively correlated with selenium levels of cancer tissues, while doxorubicin sensitivity was negatively correlated with manganese levels (r = -0.497, P = 0.004). Partial correlation analyses showed that doxorubicin sensitivity only was negatively correlated with manganese levels (r = -0.450, P = 0.014). These results suggest that the selenium and manganese content in primary HCC tissues could influence the response of the HCC cells to carboplatin and doxorubicin. These preliminary results provide a basis for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Liu
- The First Chemotherapy Department, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530021, China
| | - Weiping Yang
- Department of ultrasonography, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530021, China
| | - Gang Long
- Guangxi Center of Analysis and Test Research, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530022, China
| | - Changyuan Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530021, China.
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Review of controversies in management of non-benign meningioma. J Clin Neurosci 2016; 31:37-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Jandova J, Ohlson E, Torres, B.S. MR, DiGiovanni R, Pandit V, Elquza E, Nfonsam V. Racial disparities and socioeconomic status in the incidence of colorectal cancer in Arizona. Am J Surg 2016; 212:485-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2015.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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174
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Aran V, Victorino AP, Thuler LC, Ferreira CG. Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiology, Disease Mechanisms and Interventions to Reduce Onset and Mortality. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2016; 15:195-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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175
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Bourgonje AM, Verrijp K, Schepens JTG, Navis AC, Piepers JAF, Palmen CBC, van den Eijnden M, Hooft van Huijsduijnen R, Wesseling P, Leenders WPJ, Hendriks WJAJ. Comprehensive protein tyrosine phosphatase mRNA profiling identifies new regulators in the progression of glioma. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2016; 4:96. [PMID: 27586084 PMCID: PMC5009684 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-016-0372-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The infiltrative behavior of diffuse gliomas severely reduces therapeutic potential of surgical resection and radiotherapy, and urges for the identification of new drug-targets affecting glioma growth and migration. To address the potential role of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), we performed mRNA expression profiling for 91 of the 109 known human PTP genes on a series of clinical diffuse glioma samples of different grades and compared our findings with in silico knowledge from REMBRANDT and TCGA databases. Overall PTP family expression levels appeared independent of characteristic genetic aberrations associated with lower grade or high grade gliomas. Notably, seven PTP genes (DUSP26, MTMR4, PTEN, PTPRM, PTPRN2, PTPRT and PTPRZ1) were differentially expressed between grade II-III gliomas and (grade IV) glioblastomas. For DUSP26, PTEN, PTPRM and PTPRT, lower expression levels correlated with poor prognosis, and overexpression of DUSP26 or PTPRT in E98 glioblastoma cells reduced tumorigenicity. Our study represents the first in-depth analysis of PTP family expression in diffuse glioma subtypes and warrants further investigations into PTP-dependent signaling events as new entry points for improved therapy.
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Nilsson J, Holgersson G, Carlsson T, Henriksson R, Bergstrom S, Bergqvist M. Incidence Rates in Low-Grade Primary Brain Tumors: Are There Differences Between Men and Women? A Systematic Review. World J Oncol 2016; 7:59-69. [PMID: 28983366 PMCID: PMC5624701 DOI: 10.14740/wjon976w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidence rates of adult low-grade primary brain tumors have previously been widely analyzed nationwide across the world, and most of these studies include data on incidence rates in men and women separately. However, to our knowledge, no worldwide international comparison has been made on possible differences in incidence rates of low-grade brain tumors between men and women. The primary aim was to review the incidence rates between men and women in adult low-grade primary brain tumors. METHODS We searched for published articles in internationally peer reviewed journals that were identified through a systematic search of PubMed. Because of difficulties in interpreting data, we excluded all studies only including patient data before the second edition of World Health Organization (WHO) histological classification system of brain tumors (1993). We also made an overall analysis to calculate incidence rates of low-grade brain tumors in men and women separately. RESULTS A total of 14 studies from the United States and Europe were reviewed. Overall mean age-adjusted incidence rate in men was 1.07 per 100,000 compared to 1.70 per 100,000 in women. No significant difference was seen in age-adjusted incidence rate between genders (Mann-Whitney U test; P = 0.8347). No significant trend of age-adjusted incidence rate was seen in male patients (P = 0.757) nor in women (P = 0.354). CONCLUSION The results must be interpreted with caution and more large international studies are warranted and should be made in a standardized manner differing low-grade tumors from high-grade tumors according to the WHO 2007 brain tumor classification system. Also future studies should always state the ICD-O histology coding to ease future interpretations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Nilsson
- Center for Research & Development, Uppsala University/County Council of Gavleborg, Gavle Hospital, SE-801 87 Gavle, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences & Oncology, Umea University Hospital, SE-901 87 Umea, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Gavle Hospiral, SE-801 87 Gavle, Sweden
| | - Georg Holgersson
- Center for Research & Development, Uppsala University/County Council of Gavleborg, Gavle Hospital, SE-801 87 Gavle, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Gavle Hospital, SE-801 87 Gavle, Sweden
| | - Tobias Carlsson
- Department of Oncology, Gavle Hospital, SE-801 87 Gavle, Sweden
| | - Roger Henriksson
- Department of Radiation Sciences & Oncology, Umea University Hospital, SE-901 87 Umea, Sweden
- Regional Cancer Center Stockholm, Gotland, Sweden
| | - Stefan Bergstrom
- Center for Research & Development, Uppsala University/County Council of Gavleborg, Gavle Hospital, SE-801 87 Gavle, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Gavle Hospital, SE-801 87 Gavle, Sweden
| | - Michael Bergqvist
- Center for Research & Development, Uppsala University/County Council of Gavleborg, Gavle Hospital, SE-801 87 Gavle, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences & Oncology, Umea University Hospital, SE-901 87 Umea, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Gavle Hospital, SE-801 87 Gavle, Sweden
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177
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Rønning PA, Helseth E, Meling TR, Johannesen TB. The effect of pregnancy on survival in a low-grade glioma cohort. J Neurosurg 2016; 125:393-400. [DOI: 10.3171/2015.6.jns15985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
The impact of pregnancy on survival in female patients with low-grade glioma (LGG) is unknown and controversial. The authors designed a retrospective cohort study on prospectively collected registry data to assess the influence of pregnancy and child delivery on the survival of female patients with LGG.
METHODS
In Norway, the reporting of all births and cancer diagnoses to the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN) and the Cancer Registry of Norway (CRN), respectively, is compulsory by law. Furthermore, every individual has a unique 11-digit identification number. The CRN was searched to identify all female patients with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of World Health Organization (WHO) Grade II astrocytoma, oligoastrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, or pilocytic astrocytoma who were 16–40 years of age at the time of diagnosis during the period from January 1, 1970, to December 31, 2008. Obstetrical information was obtained from the MBRN for each patient. The effect of pregnancy on survival was evaluated using a Cox model with parity as a time-dependent variable.
RESULTS
The authors identified 65 patients who gave birth to 95 children after an LGG diagnosis. They also identified 281 patients who did not give birth after an LGG diagnosis. The median survival was 14.3 years (95% CI 11.7–20.6 years) for the entire study population. The effect of pregnancy was insignificant in the multivariate model (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.35–1.42).
CONCLUSIONS
Pregnancy does not seem to have an impact on the survival of female patients with LGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pål A. Rønning
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital; and
| | - Eirik Helseth
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital; and
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178
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Chien LN, Gittleman H, Ostrom QT, Hung KS, Sloan AE, Hsieh YC, Kruchko C, Rogers LR, Wang YFG, Chiou HY, Barnholtz-Sloan JS. Comparative Brain and Central Nervous System Tumor Incidence and Survival between the United States and Taiwan Based on Population-Based Registry. Front Public Health 2016; 4:151. [PMID: 27493936 PMCID: PMC4954825 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Reasons for worldwide variability in the burden of primary malignant brain and central nervous system (CNS) tumors remain unclear. This study compares the incidence and survival of malignant brain and CNS tumors by selected histologic types between the United States (US) and Taiwan. Methods Data from 2002 to 2010 were selected from two population-based cancer registries for primary malignant brain and CNS tumors: the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States and the Taiwan Cancer Registry. Two registries had similar process of collecting patients with malignant brain tumor, and the quality of two registries was comparative. The age-adjusted incidence rate (IR), IR ratio, and survival by histological types, age, and gender were used to study regional differences. Results The overall age-adjusted IRs were 5.91 per 100,000 in the US and 2.68 per 100,000 in Taiwan. The most common histologic type for both countries was glioblastoma (GBM) with a 12.9% higher proportion in the US than in Taiwan. GBM had the lowest survival rate of any histology in both countries (US 1-year survival rate = 37.5%; Taiwan 1-year survival rate = 50.3%). The second largest group was astrocytoma, excluding GBM and anaplastic astrocytoma, with the distribution being slightly higher in Taiwan than in the US. Conclusion Our findings revealed differences by histological type and grade of primary malignant brain and CNS tumors between two sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Nien Chien
- College of Management, School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Comprehensive Cancer Center of Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Haley Gittleman
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, IL, USA
| | - Quinn T Ostrom
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, IL, USA
| | - Kuo-Sheng Hung
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Research Center, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Andrew E Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yi-Chen Hsieh
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Carol Kruchko
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, IL, USA
| | - Lisa R Rogers
- Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, University Hospitals Case Medical Center , Cleveland, OH , USA
| | - Ye-Fan Glavin Wang
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Chiou
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Public Health and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, IL, USA; Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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179
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Yuan Y, Shi Q, Li M, Nagamuthu C, Andres E, Davis FG. Canadian brain cancer survival rates by tumour type and region: 1992-2008. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2016; 107:e37-e42. [PMID: 27348108 DOI: 10.17269/cjph.107.5209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate patterns of survival among brain cancer patients in Canada. METHODS Canadian Cancer Registry data were obtained for all patients with first-ever primary malignant brain tumours diagnosed between 1992 and 2008 (n = 38,095). Follow-up ended with patient death or December 31, 2008, whichever occurred first. Crude Kaplan-Meier estimates were calculated at one, two and five years post-diagnosis. Cox proportional hazard models were used to obtain adjusted hazard ratios by region for major histology types. A time-specific generalized linear model was used to obtain 5-year survival estimates for specific age group, sex and region for major histology types. RESULTS The overall five-year survival rate was 27%. No significant difference in survival rate over time is observed. The highest 5-year survival rate was 65% (95% CI: 62.5%-67.4%) for oligodendrogliomas and the lowest was 4.0% (95% CI: 3.7%-4.3%) for glioblastomas. Compared to Ontario, the adjusted 5-year glioblastoma survival estimates were lower in British Columbia, Alberta and the Prairie provinces (Manitoba and Saskatchewan), while the survival estimates were lower in all other regions for diffuse astrocytoma, and lower in Manitoba and Saskatchewan for anaplastic astrocytomas. Estimates were significantly higher for oligodendrogliomas in Alberta, and for anaplastic oligodendrogliomas in Alberta and Quebec (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION These data are consistent with previous literature in observing higher survival rates at younger ages, in female patients and for tumours with mixed oligo components. There is a need to further explore the underlying reasons for the observed variation in survival rates by region in an effort to improve the prognosis of brain cancer in the Canadian patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yuan
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-299 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada.
| | - Qian Shi
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-299 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Maoji Li
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-299 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Chenthila Nagamuthu
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-299 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Ellie Andres
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-299 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Faith G Davis
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-299 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
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180
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Massimino M, Biassoni V, Gandola L, Garrè ML, Gatta G, Giangaspero F, Poggi G, Rutkowski S. Childhood medulloblastoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 105:35-51. [PMID: 27375228 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma accounts for 15-20% of childhood nervous system tumours. The risk of dying was reduced by 30% in the last twenty years. Patients are divided in risk strata according to post-surgical disease, dissemination, histology and some molecular features such as WNT subgroup and MYC status. Sixty to 70% of patients older than 3 years are assigned to the average-risk group. High-risk patients include those with disseminated and/or residual disease, large cell and/or anaplastic histotypes, MYC genes amplification. Current and currently planned clinical trials will: (1) evaluate the feasibility of reducing both the dose of craniospinal irradiation and the volume of the posterior fossa radiotherapy (RT) for those patients at low biologic risk, commonly identified as those having a medulloblastoma of the WNT subgroup; (2) determine whether intensification of chemotherapy (CT) or irradiation can improve outcome in patients with high-risk disease; (3) find target therapies allowing tailored therapies especially for relapsing patients and those with higher biological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Massimino
- Fondazione IRCCS-Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan Italy.
| | | | - Lorenza Gandola
- Fondazione IRCCS-Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan Italy.
| | | | - Gemma Gatta
- Fondazione IRCCS-Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan Italy.
| | | | | | - Stefan Rutkowski
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hamburg, Germany.
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181
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Ko NY, Battaglia TA, Gupta-Lawrence R, Schiller J, Gunn C, Festa K, Nelson K, Flacks J, Morton SJ, Rosen JE. Burden of socio-legal concerns among vulnerable patients seeking cancer care services at an urban safety-net hospital: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Health Serv Res 2016; 16:196. [PMID: 27296566 PMCID: PMC4906581 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-016-1443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social and economic conditions that affect one’s ability to satisfy life’s most basic needs such as lack of affordable housing, restricted access to education and employment, or inadequate income are increasingly well-documented barriers to optimal health. The burden of these challenges among vulnerable patients accessing cancer care services is unknown. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of patients presenting for ambulatory cancer care services (screening and treatment) at an urban safety-net hospital to assess socio-legal concerns (social problems related to meeting life’s basic needs supported by public policy or programming and potentially remedied through legal advocacy/action). Results Among 104 respondents, 80 (77 %) reported concerns with one or more socio-legal needs in the past month, with a mean of 5.75 concerns per participant. The most common socio-legal concerns related to income supports, housing, and employment/education. Conclusion Our findings support the need for innovations in cancer care delivery to address socio-legal concerns of a vulnerable patient population. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12913-016-1443-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Yu Ko
- Section of Hematology Oncology, Women's Health Unit, Boston Medical Center, 801 Massachusetts Ave, First Floor, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Tracy A Battaglia
- Women's Health Unit, Boston Medical Center, 801 Massachusetts Ave, First Floor, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Rebecca Gupta-Lawrence
- Women's Health Unit, Boston Medical Center, 801 Massachusetts Ave, First Floor, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Jessica Schiller
- Women's Health Unit, Boston Medical Center, 801 Massachusetts Ave, First Floor, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Christine Gunn
- Women's Health Unit, Boston Medical Center, 801 Massachusetts Ave, First Floor, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Kate Festa
- Women's Health Unit, Boston Medical Center, 801 Massachusetts Ave, First Floor, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Kerrie Nelson
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, 3rd Floor, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - JoHanna Flacks
- Medical-Legal Partnership I Boston, c/o Nutter McClennen & Fish LLP 155 Seaport Blvd, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Samantha J Morton
- Medical-Legal Partnership I Boston, c/o Nutter McClennen & Fish LLP 155 Seaport Blvd, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Jennifer E Rosen
- Department of Surgery, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving Street NW Suite G247C, Washington DC, 20010, USA
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182
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Hardesty DA, Nakaji P. The Current and Future Treatment of Brain Metastases. Front Surg 2016; 3:30. [PMID: 27252942 PMCID: PMC4879329 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2016.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases are the most common intracranial malignancy, accounting for significant morbidity and mortality in oncology patients. The current treatment paradigm for brain metastasis depends on the patient’s overall health status, the primary tumor pathology, and the number and location of brain lesions. Herein, we review the modern management options for these tumors, including surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Recent operative advances, such as fluorescence, confocal microscopy, and brachytherapy, are highlighted. With an increased understanding of the pathophysiology of brain metastasis come increased future therapeutic options. Therapy targeted to specific tumor molecular pathways, such as those involved in blood–brain barrier transgression, cell–cell adhesion, and angiogenesis, are also reviewed. A personalized plan for each patient, based on molecular characterizations of the tumor that are used to better target radiotherapy and chemotherapy, is undoubtedly the future of brain metastasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Hardesty
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center , Phoenix, AZ , USA
| | - Peter Nakaji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center , Phoenix, AZ , USA
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183
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Proton therapy for paediatric CNS tumours — improving treatment-related outcomes. Nat Rev Neurol 2016; 12:334-45. [DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2016.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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184
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Maile EJ, Barnes I, Finlayson AE, Sayeed S, Ali R. Nervous System and Intracranial Tumour Incidence by Ethnicity in England, 2001-2007: A Descriptive Epidemiological Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154347. [PMID: 27135830 PMCID: PMC4852951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is substantial variation in nervous system and intracranial tumour incidence worldwide. UK incidence data have limited utility because they group these diverse tumours together and do not provide data for individual ethnic groups within Blacks and South Asians. Our objective was to determine the incidence of individual tumour types for seven individual ethnic groups. Methods We used data from the National Cancer Intelligence Network on tumour site, age, sex and deprivation to identify 42,207 tumour cases. Self-reported ethnicity was obtained from the Hospital Episode Statistics database. We used mid-year population estimates from the Office for National Statistics. We analysed tumours by site using Poisson regression to estimate incidence rate ratios comparing non-White ethnicities to Whites after adjustment for sex, age and deprivation. Results Our study showed differences in tumour incidence by ethnicity for gliomas, meningiomas, pituitary tumours and cranial and paraspinal nerve tumours. Relative to Whites; South Asians, Blacks and Chinese have a lower incidence of gliomas (p<0.01), with respective incidence rate ratios of 0.68 (confidence interval: 0.60–0.77), 0.62 (0.52–0.73) and 0.58 (0.41–0.83). Blacks have a higher incidence of meningioma (p<0.01) with an incidence rate ratio of 1.29 (1.05–1.59) and there is heterogeneity in meningioma incidence between individual South Asian ethnicities. Blacks have a higher incidence of pituitary tumours relative to Whites (p<0.01) with an incidence rate ratio of 2.95 (2.37–3.67). There is heterogeneity in pituitary tumour incidence between individual South Asian ethnicities. Conclusions We present incidence data of individual tumour types for seven ethnic groups. Current understanding of the aetiology of these tumours cannot explain our results. These findings suggest avenues for further work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. Maile
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Isobel Barnes
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander E. Finlayson
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Shameq Sayeed
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Raghib Ali
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- * E-mail:
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185
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Ryerson AB, Eheman CR, Altekruse SF, Ward JW, Jemal A, Sherman RL, Henley SJ, Holtzman D, Lake A, Noone AM, Anderson RN, Ma J, Ly KN, Cronin KA, Penberthy L, Kohler BA. Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 1975-2012, featuring the increasing incidence of liver cancer. Cancer 2016; 122:1312-37. [PMID: 26959385 PMCID: PMC4840031 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 664] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Annual updates on cancer occurrence and trends in the United States are provided through an ongoing collaboration among the American Cancer Society (ACS), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR). This annual report highlights the increasing burden of liver and intrahepatic bile duct (liver) cancers. METHODS Cancer incidence data were obtained from the CDC, NCI, and NAACCR; data about cancer deaths were obtained from the CDC's National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Annual percent changes in incidence and death rates (age-adjusted to the 2000 US Standard Population) for all cancers combined and for the leading cancers among men and women were estimated by joinpoint analysis of long-term trends (incidence for 1992-2012 and mortality for 1975-2012) and short-term trends (2008-2012). In-depth analysis of liver cancer incidence included an age-period-cohort analysis and an incidence-based estimation of person-years of life lost because of the disease. By using NCHS multiple causes of death data, hepatitis C virus (HCV) and liver cancer-associated death rates were examined from 1999 through 2013. RESULTS Among men and women of all major racial and ethnic groups, death rates continued to decline for all cancers combined and for most cancer sites; the overall cancer death rate (for both sexes combined) decreased by 1.5% per year from 2003 to 2012. Overall, incidence rates decreased among men and remained stable among women from 2003 to 2012. Among both men and women, deaths from liver cancer increased at the highest rate of all cancer sites, and liver cancer incidence rates increased sharply, second only to thyroid cancer. Men had more than twice the incidence rate of liver cancer than women, and rates increased with age for both sexes. Among non-Hispanic (NH) white, NH black, and Hispanic men and women, liver cancer incidence rates were higher for persons born after the 1938 to 1947 birth cohort. In contrast, there was a minimal birth cohort effect for NH Asian and Pacific Islanders (APIs). NH black men and Hispanic men had the lowest median age at death (60 and 62 years, respectively) and the highest average person-years of life lost per death (21 and 20 years, respectively) from liver cancer. HCV and liver cancer-associated death rates were highest among decedents who were born during 1945 through 1965. CONCLUSIONS Overall, cancer incidence and mortality declined among men; and, although cancer incidence was stable among women, mortality declined. The burden of liver cancer is growing and is not equally distributed throughout the population. Efforts to vaccinate populations that are vulnerable to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and to identify and treat those living with HCV or HBV infection, metabolic conditions, alcoholic liver disease, or other causes of cirrhosis can be effective in reducing the incidence and mortality of liver cancer. Cancer 2016;122:1312-1337. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Blythe Ryerson
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Christie R. Eheman
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sean F. Altekruse
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - John W. Ward
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ahmedin Jemal
- Surveillance Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Recinda L. Sherman
- North American Association of Central Cancer Registries, Springfield, Illinois
| | - S. Jane Henley
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Deborah Holtzman
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Andrew Lake
- Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, Maryland
| | - Anne-Michelle Noone
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert N. Anderson
- Division of Vital Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland
| | - Jiemin Ma
- Surveillance Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kathleen N. Ly
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kathleen A. Cronin
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lynne Penberthy
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Betsy A. Kohler
- North American Association of Central Cancer Registries, Springfield, Illinois
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186
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Herrmann K, Erokwu BO, Johansen ML, Basilion JP, Gulani V, Griswold MA, Flask CA, Brady-Kalnay SM. Dynamic Quantitative T1 Mapping in Orthotopic Brain Tumor Xenografts. Transl Oncol 2016; 9:147-154. [PMID: 27084431 PMCID: PMC4833967 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human brain tumors such as glioblastomas are typically detected using conventional, nonquantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, such as T2-weighted and contrast enhanced T1-weighted MRI. In this manuscript, we tested whether dynamic quantitative T1 mapping by MRI can localize orthotopic glioma tumors in an objective manner. Quantitative T1 mapping was performed by MRI over multiple time points using the conventional contrast agent Optimark. We compared signal differences to determine the gadolinium concentration in tissues over time. The T1 parametric maps made it easy to identify the regions of contrast enhancement and thus tumor location. Doubling the typical human dose of contrast agent resulted in a clearer demarcation of these tumors. Therefore, T1 mapping of brain tumors is gadolinium dose dependent and improves detection of tumors by MRI. The use of T1 maps provides a quantitative means to evaluate tumor detection by gadolinium-based contrast agents over time. This dynamic quantitative T1 mapping technique will also enable future quantitative evaluation of various targeted MRI contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Herrmann
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Bernadette O Erokwu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Mette L Johansen
- Department of, Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4960, USA.
| | - James P Basilion
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; NFCR Center for Molecular Imaging at CWRU.
| | - Vikas Gulani
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Mark A Griswold
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Chris A Flask
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Susann M Brady-Kalnay
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Department of, Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4960, USA.
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187
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Yadavilli S, Scafidi J, Becher OJ, Saratsis AM, Hiner RL, Kambhampati M, Mariarita S, MacDonald TJ, Codispoti KE, Magge SN, Jaiswal JK, Packer RJ, Nazarian J. The emerging role of NG2 in pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:12141-55. [PMID: 25987129 PMCID: PMC4494928 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) have a dismal prognosis and are poorly understood brain cancers. Receptor tyrosine kinases stabilized by neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2) protein are known to induce gliomagenesis. Here, we investigated NG2 expression in a cohort of DIPG specimens (n= 50). We demonstrate NG2 expression in the majority of DIPG specimens tested and determine that tumors harboring histone 3.3 mutation express the highest NG2 levels. We further demonstrate that microRNA 129-2 (miR129-2) is downregulated and hypermethylated in human DIPGs, resulting in the increased expression of NG2. Treatment with 5-Azacytidine, a methyltransferase inhibitor, results in NG2 downregulation in DIPG primary tumor cells in vitro. NG2 expression is altered (symmetric segregation) in mitotic human DIPG and mouse tumor cells. These mitotic cells co-express oligodendrocyte (Olig2) and astrocyte (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP) markers, indicating lack of terminal differentiation. NG2 knockdown retards cellular migration in vitro, while NG2 expressing neurospheres are highly tumorigenic in vivo, resulting in rapid growth of pontine tumors. NG2 expression is targetable in vivo using miR129-2 indicating a potential avenue for therapeutic interventions. This data implicates NG2 as a molecule of interest in DIPGs especially those with H3.3 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridevi Yadavilli
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Joseph Scafidi
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Oren J Becher
- Department of Pediatrics and Pathology, Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Amanda M Saratsis
- Division of Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rebecca L Hiner
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, NY, USA
| | - Madhuri Kambhampati
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Santi Mariarita
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tobey J MacDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Suresh N Magge
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jyoti K Jaiswal
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Roger J Packer
- Brain Tumor Institute, Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Javad Nazarian
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
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188
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Kang N, Jian JF, Cao SJ, Zhang Q, Mao YW, Huang YY, Peng YF, Qiu F, Gao XM. Physalin A induces G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in human non-small cell lung cancer cells: involvement of the p38 MAPK/ROS pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 415:145-55. [PMID: 27000859 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2686-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Physalin A (PA) is an active withanolide isolated from Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine named Jindenglong, which has long been used for the treatment of sore throat, hepatitis, and tumors in China. In the present study, we firstly investigated the effects of PA on proliferation and cell cycle distribution of the human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cell line, and the potential mechanisms involved. Here, PA inhibited cell growth in dose- and time-dependent manners. Treatment of A549 cells with 28.4 μM PA for 24 h resulted in approximately 50 % cell death. PA increased the amount of intracellular ROS and the proportion of cells in G2/M. G2/M arrest was attenuated by the addition of ROS scavenger NAC. ERK and P38 were triggered by PA through phosphorylation in a time-dependent manner. The phosphorylation of ERK and P38 were not attenuated by the addition of NAC, but the use of the p38 inhibitor could reduce, at least in part, PA-induced ROS and the proportion of cells in G2/M. PA induces G2/M cell cycle arrest in A549 cells involving in the p38 MAPK/ROS pathway. This study suggests that PA might be a promising therapeutic agent against NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Kang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Feng Jian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Jie Cao
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Wei Mao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Yuan Huang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Fei Peng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Qiu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiu-Mei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China.
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189
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Li X, Zheng J, Diao H, Liu Y. RUNX3 is down-regulated in glioma by Myc-regulated miR-4295. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:518-25. [PMID: 26756701 PMCID: PMC4759466 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are increasingly reported as tumour suppressors that regulate gene expression after transcription. Our results demonstrated that miR-4295 is overexpression in glioma tissues and its level is significantly correlated with clinical stage. We also found that miR-4295 inhibited the cell G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis leading to promoted cell proliferation and activity. The murine modelling study revealed that female nude mice injected with U87/anti-miR-4295 exhibit subcutaneous tumours in the right groin. Compared with anti-NC, the tumour volume was significantly decreased in anti-miR-4295 treatment group. Furthermore, we confirmed miR-4295 mediates the expression of RUNX3 by targeting its 3'untranslation region. In addition, N-myc protein also could bind to the promoter of pri-miR-4295 and inhibit the expression of RUNX3 in glioma cells. These results validate a pathogenetic role of a miR-4295 in gliomas and establish a potentially regulatory and signalling pathway involving N-myc/miR-4295/RUNX3 in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jihui Zheng
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongyu Diao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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190
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Egan KM, Nabors LB, Thompson ZJ, Rozmeski CM, Anic GA, Olson JJ, LaRocca RV, Chowdhary SA, Forsyth PA, Thompson RC. Analgesic use and the risk of primary adult brain tumor. Eur J Epidemiol 2016; 31:917-25. [PMID: 26894804 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-016-0129-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioma and meningioma are uncommon tumors of the brain with few known risk factors. Regular use of aspirin has been linked to a lower risk of gastrointestinal and other cancers, though evidence for an association with brain tumors is mixed. We examined the association of aspirin and other analgesics with the risk of glioma and meningioma in a large US case-control study. Cases were persons recently diagnosed with glioma or meningioma and treated at medical centers in the southeastern US. Controls were persons sampled from the same communities as the cases combined with friends and other associates of the cases. Information on past use of analgesics (aspirin, other anti-inflammatory agents, and acetaminophen) was collected in structured interviews. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for analgesic use adjusted for potential confounders. All associations were considered according to indication for use. A total of 1123 glioma cases, 310 meningioma cases and 1296 controls were included in the analysis. For indications other than headache, glioma cases were less likely than controls to report regular use of aspirin (OR 0.69; CI 0.56, 0.87), in a dose-dependent manner (P trend < 0.001). No significant associations were observed with other analgesics for glioma, or any class of pain reliever for meningioma. Results suggest that regular aspirin use may reduce incidence of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Egan
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, MRC-CANCONT, Tampa, FL, 33612-9416, USA.
| | - Louis B Nabors
- Neuro-Oncology Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, FOT 1020, 510 20th St. South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Zachary J Thompson
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, MRC-CANCONT, Tampa, FL, 33612-9416, USA
| | - Carrie M Rozmeski
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, MRC-CANCONT, Tampa, FL, 33612-9416, USA
| | - Gabriella A Anic
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, MRC-CANCONT, Tampa, FL, 33612-9416, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Olson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365-B Clifton Rd., NE, Ste. 2200, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Renato V LaRocca
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Norton Cancer Institute, 315 E. Broadway, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Sajeel A Chowdhary
- Neuro-Oncology Program, Lynn Cancer Institute and the Boca Raton Regional Hospital, 701 NW 13th Street, Boca Raton, FL, 33486, USA
| | - Peter A Forsyth
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Reid C Thompson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 691 Preston Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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191
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A Systematic Review on the Characteristics, Treatments and Outcomes of the Patients with Primary Spinal Glioblastomas or Gliosarcomas Reported in Literature until March 2015. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148312. [PMID: 26859136 PMCID: PMC4747550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to determine the characteristics, treatments and outcomes of patients with primary spinal glioblastomas (GB) or gliosarcomas (GS) reported in literature until March 2015. PubMed and Web of Science were searched for peer-reviewed articles pertaining to cases of glioblastomas / gliosarcomas with primary spinal origin, using predefined search terms. Furthermore we performed hand searches tracking the references from the selected papers. Eighty-two articles published between 1938 and March 2015 were eligible. They reported on 157 patients. Median age at diagnosis was 22 years. The proportion of patients who received adjuvant chemo- or radiotherapy clearly increased from the time before 1980 until present. Median overall survival from diagnosis was 8.0 ± 0.9 months. On univariate analysis age influenced overall survival, whereas tumor location, gender and the extent of initial resection did not. Outcomes did not differ between children (< 18 years) and adults. However, the patients who were treated after 1980 achieved longer survival times than the patients treated before. On multivariable analysis only age (< 60 years) and the time period of treatment (≥ 1980) were confirmed as positive independent prognostic factors. In conclusion, primary spinal GB / GS mainly affect younger patients and are associated with a dismal prognosis. However, most likely due to the increasing use of adjuvant treatment, modest therapeutic progress has been achieved over recent decades. The characteristics and treatments of primary spinal glioblastomas should be entered into a central registry in order to gain more information about the ideal treatment approach in the future.
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192
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Lynch HT, Kosoko‐Lasaki O, Leslie SW, Rendell M, Shaw T, Snyder C, D'Amico AV, Buxbaum S, Isaacs WB, Loeb S, Moul JW, Powell I. Screening for familial and hereditary prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2016; 138:2579-91. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry T. Lynch
- Hereditary Cancer Center and Department of Preventive MedicineCreighton University2500 California PlazaOmaha NE
| | - Omofolasade Kosoko‐Lasaki
- Departments of Surgery, Preventive Medicine & Public HealthCreighton University2500 California PlazaOmaha NE
| | - Stephen W. Leslie
- Department of Surgery (Urology)Creighton University Medical Center601 North 30th Street, Suite 3700Omaha NE
| | - Marc Rendell
- Department of Internal MedicineCreighton University Medical Center601 North 30th Street, Suite 3700Omaha NE
| | - Trudy Shaw
- Hereditary Cancer Center and Department of Preventive MedicineCreighton University2500 California PlazaOmaha NE
| | - Carrie Snyder
- Hereditary Cancer Center and Department of Preventive MedicineCreighton University2500 California PlazaOmaha NE
| | - Anthony V. D'Amico
- Department of Radiation OncologyBrigham and Women's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston MA
| | - Sarah Buxbaum
- Jackson State University School of Health Sciences350 W. Woodrow Wilson DriveJackson MS
| | - William B. Isaacs
- Departments of Urology and OncologyJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Marburg 115, Johns Hopkins Hospital600 N. Wolfe StBaltimore MD
| | - Stacy Loeb
- Department of Urology and Population HealthNew York University550 1st Ave VZ30 (#612)New York NY
| | - Judd W. Moul
- Duke Prostate Center, Division of Urologic Surgery, DUMC 3707‐Room 1562 Duke SouthDuke University Medical CenterDurham NC
| | - Isaac Powell
- Department of UrologyWayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute, University Health Center 7‐CDetroit MI
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193
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Efficacy and Safety of Novel Agent-Based Therapies for Multiple Myeloma: A Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:6848902. [PMID: 26949704 PMCID: PMC4753325 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6848902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at comparing bortezomib, thalidomide, and lenalidomide in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) for safety and efficacy using meta-analysis. This meta-analysis identified 17 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including 6742 patients. These RCTs were separated according to the different agent-based regimens and to autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT). Complete response (CR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AE) were combined. The total weighted risk ratio (RR) of CR was 3.29 [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 2.22–4.88] (P < 0.0001) for the novel agent-based regimens. These novel agent-based regimens showed greater benefit in terms of PFS of all subgroups irrespective of whether the patient received ASCT or not. The hazard ratio (HR) for PFS was 0.64 [95% CI: 0.60–0.69] (P < 0.00001). Improvements of OS could be found only in the bortezomib- and thalidomide-based regimens without ASCT. The pooled HRs were 0.74 [95% CI: 0.65–0.86] (P < 0.0001) and 0.80 [95% CI: 0.70–0.90] (P = 0.0004), respectively. Several AEs were shown more frequently in the novel agent-based regimens compared with controls such as hematologic events (neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia), gastrointestinal infection, peripheral neuropathy, thrombosis, and embolism events. In conclusion, in spite of the AEs, novel agent-based regimens are safe and effective for the treatment of MM.
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194
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Guerrero CA, Guerrero RA, Silva E, Acosta O, Barreto E. Experimental Adaptation of Rotaviruses to Tumor Cell Lines. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147666. [PMID: 26828934 PMCID: PMC4734670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of viruses show a naturally extended tropism for tumor cells whereas other viruses have been genetically modified or adapted to infect tumor cells. Oncolytic viruses have become a promising tool for treating some cancers by inducing cell lysis or immune response to tumor cells. In the present work, rotavirus strains TRF-41 (G5) (porcine), RRV (G3) (simian), UK (G6-P5) (bovine), Ym (G11-P9) (porcine), ECwt (murine), Wa (G1-P8), Wi61 (G9) and M69 (G8) (human), and five wild-type human rotavirus isolates were passaged multiple times in different human tumor cell lines and then combined in five different ways before additional multiple passages in tumor cell lines. Cell death caused by the tumor cell-adapted isolates was characterized using Hoechst, propidium iodide, 7-AAD, Annexin V, TUNEL, and anti-poly-(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) and -phospho-histone H2A.X antibodies. Multiple passages of the combined rotaviruses in tumor cell lines led to a successful infection of these cells, suggesting a gain-of-function by the acquisition of greater infectious capacity as compared with that of the parental rotaviruses. The electropherotype profiles suggest that unique tumor cell-adapted isolates were derived from reassortment of parental rotaviruses. Infection produced by such rotavirus isolates induced chromatin modifications compatible with apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Guerrero
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, D.C., Colombia
| | - Rafael A. Guerrero
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, D.C., Colombia
| | - Elver Silva
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, D.C., Colombia
| | - Orlando Acosta
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, D.C., Colombia
| | - Emiliano Barreto
- Institute of Biotechnology, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, D.C., Colombia
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195
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Pu Q, Huang Y, Lu Y, Peng Y, Zhang J, Feng G, Wang C, Liu L, Dai Y. Tissue-specific and plasma microRNA profiles could be promising biomarkers of histological classification and TNM stage in non-small cell lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2016; 7:348-54. [PMID: 27148421 PMCID: PMC4846624 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we determined that plasma miRNAs are potential biomarkers for cigarette smoking-related lung fibrosis. Herein, we determine whether tissue-specific and plasma miRNA profiles could be promising biomarkers for histological classification and TNM stage in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Plasma miRNA profiling preoperatively and seven days postoperatively, and cancer and normal tissue miRNA profiling were performed in NSCLC patients and matched healthy controls. There was a > twofold change for all signature miRNAs between the NSCLC patients and controls, with P values of < 0.05. We found that tissue-specific and plasma miR-211-3p, miR-3679-3p, and miR-4787-5p were promising biomarkers of different staging lung squamous cell carcinoma, and miR-3613-3p, miR-3675-3p, and miR-5571-5p were promising biomarkers of different staging lung adenocarcinoma. These results suggest that tissue-specific and plasma miRNAs could be potential biomarkers of histological classification and TNM stage in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Pu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China; Toxicology Joint Laboratory between China Tobacco of Chuanyu Industrial Corporation and West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yuchuan Huang
- Toxicology Joint Laboratory between China Tobacco of Chuanyu Industrial Corporation and West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu China; Harmful Components and Tar Reduction in Cigarette Sichuan Key Laboratory Chengdu China
| | - Yanrong Lu
- Toxicology Joint Laboratory between China Tobacco of Chuanyu Industrial Corporation and West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu China; Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yong Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Toxicology Joint Laboratory between China Tobacco of Chuanyu Industrial Corporation and West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu China; Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Guanglin Feng
- Toxicology Joint Laboratory between China Tobacco of Chuanyu Industrial Corporation and West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu China; Harmful Components and Tar Reduction in Cigarette Sichuan Key Laboratory Chengdu China
| | - Changguo Wang
- Toxicology Joint Laboratory between China Tobacco of Chuanyu Industrial Corporation and West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu China; Harmful Components and Tar Reduction in Cigarette Sichuan Key Laboratory Chengdu China
| | - Lunxu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China; Toxicology Joint Laboratory between China Tobacco of Chuanyu Industrial Corporation and West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Ya Dai
- Toxicology Joint Laboratory between China Tobacco of Chuanyu Industrial Corporation and West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu China; Harmful Components and Tar Reduction in Cigarette Sichuan Key Laboratory Chengdu China
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196
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Ito T, Kohashi K, Yamada Y, Maekawa A, Kuda M, Furue M, Oda Y. Prognostic significance of forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) expression and antitumour effect of FoxM1 inhibition in melanoma. Histopathology 2016; 69:63-71. [PMID: 26619071 DOI: 10.1111/his.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) is a transcription factor that regulates cell-cycle progression and tumour progression, but limited information is available regarding its clinical significance in melanoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the potency of FoxM1 as a therapeutic target in melanoma. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated 60 melanoma clinical samples and a melanoma WM266-4 cell line using immunohistochemical staining and molecular biological approaches. Patients with a FoxM1-overexpressing melanoma had significantly shorter survival [both for melanoma-specific survival (MSS) and disease-free survival (DFS)] than the other patients (P < 0.001, respectively). The FoxM1 overexpression was also an adverse prognostic factor for both MSS and DFS on the Cox multivariate analyses [hazard ratio (HR): 3.96, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12-14.27, P = 0.032; HR: 3.21, 95% CI: 1.08-9.67, P = 0.037, respectively). FoxM1 inhibition using siRNA and an inhibitor (thiostrepton) each suppressed the cell proliferation of the melanoma cell line. Furthermore, FoxM1 inhibition improved chemosensitivity to dacarbazine, whereas it reduced cell migration and invasion. These results suggest that FoxM1 plays important roles in tumour progression and the chemoresistance of melanoma. CONCLUSION We have shown the prognostic impact of FoxM1 on melanoma patients. FoxM1 inhibition may be a potential therapeutic option for advanced melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamichi Ito
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kohashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yamada
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Maekawa
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kuda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Harrison G, Kano H, Lunsford LD, Flickinger JC, Kondziolka D. Quantitative tumor volumetric responses after Gamma Knife radiosurgery for meningiomas. J Neurosurg 2016; 124:146-54. [DOI: 10.3171/2014.12.jns141341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT
The reported tumor control rates for meningiomas after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) are high; however, early imaging assessment of tumor volumes may not accurately predict the eventual tumor response. The objective in this study was to quantitatively evaluate the volumetric responses of meningiomas after SRS and to determine whether early volume responses are predictive of longer-term tumor control.
METHODS
The authors performed a retrospective review of 252 patients (median age 56 years, range 14–87 years) who underwent Gamma Knife radiosurgery between 2002 and 2010. All patients had evaluable pre- and postoperative T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MRIs. The median baseline tumor volume was 3.5 cm3 (range 0.2–33.8 cm3) and the median follow-up was 19.5 months (range 0.1–104.6 months). Follow-up tumor volumes were compared with baseline volumes. Tumor volume percent change and the tumor volume rate of change were compared at 3-month intervals. Eventual tumor responses were classified as progressed for > 15% volume change, regressed for ≤ 15% change, and stable for ± 15% of baseline volume at time of last follow-up. Volumetric data were compared with the final tumor status by using univariable and multivariable logistic regression.
RESULTS
Tumor volume regression (median decrease of −40.2%) was demonstrated in 168 (67%) patients, tumor stabilization (median change of −2.7%) in 67 (26%) patients, and delayed tumor progression (median increase of 104%) in 17 (7%) patients (p < 0.001). Tumors that eventually regressed had an average volume reduction of −18.2% at 3 months. Tumors that eventually progressed all demonstrated volume increase by 6 months. Transient progression was observed in 15 tumors before eventual decrease, and transient regression was noted in 6 tumors before eventual volume increase.
CONCLUSIONS
The volume response of meningiomas after SRS is dynamic, and early imaging estimations of the tumor volume may not correlate with the final tumor response. However, tumors that ultimately regressed tended to respond in the first 3 months, whereas tumors that ultimately progressed showed progression within 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Harrison
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York; and
| | | | | | - John C. Flickinger
- 3Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Douglas Kondziolka
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York; and
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198
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Abstract
Primary CNS tumors consist of a diverse group of neoplasms originating from various cell types in the CNS. Brain tumors are the most common solid malignancy in children under the age of 15 years and the second leading cause of cancer death after leukemia. The most common brain neoplasms in children differ consistently from those in older age groups. Pediatric brain tumors demonstrate distinct patterns of occurrence and biologic behavior according to sex, age, and race. This chapter highlights the imaging features of the most common tumors that affect the child's CNS (brain and spinal cord).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre D Furtado
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Ashok Panigrahy
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Charles R Fitz
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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199
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Emtage JB, Poch MA, Hutton MT, Emtage JB. Prostate cancer trends in Barbados: An analysis of the Barbados Urologic Diseases Survey database. Cancer Epidemiol 2015; 39:825-30. [PMID: 26651441 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the burden and trend of prostate cancer (CaP) in the Caribbean island of Barbados. METHODS All urologic pathology reports in Barbados between 1990 and 2009 were entered into the Barbados Urologic Diseases Survey (BUDS) database. All new cases of CaP were identified and the database was used to assess trends in CaP epidemiology over the study period. RESULTS 3066 new cases of CaP were identified between 1990 and 2009. The world age-standardized rate increased steadily from 71.8 (95% CI 57.8-88.4) per 100,000 in 1990 to 112.4 (95% CI 94.0-133.7) per 100,000 in 2009, with a peak rate of 148.9 (95% CI 127.0-172.8) in 2004. The cumulative risk up to 74 years of age also increased from 11.1% in 1990 to 23.8% in 2009 with a peak of 29.9% in 2004. The mean age at diagnosis decreased from 73.1 years in 1990 to a nadir of 66.2 years in 2009. The rate of high-grade cancer (Gleason score ≥ 8) and intermediate-grade cancer (Gleason score=7) at presentation rose between 2000 and 2009 while the rate of low-grade cancer (Gleason score ≤ 6) decreased. CONCLUSIONS Barbados suffers an unusually high burden of CaP with a trend towards more aggressive disease over the last decade. The results are important as they highlight the utility of the BUDS initiative in epidemiologic evaluation, but should be looked at cautiously due to a lack of specific details regarding screening practices in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B Emtage
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Michael A Poch
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Jerry B Emtage
- School of Clinical Medicine and Research, Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, St. Michael, Barbados
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200
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Makale M, Kesari S. Cell Phones and Glioma Risk: An Update. Neurooncol Pract 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/nop/npv045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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