151
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Geiger R, Beaulieu M, Franke K, Fischer K. High male density favors maintenance over reproduction in a butterfly. Behav Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ary073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rina Geiger
- Zoological Institute and Museum, Greifswald University, Loitzer Straße, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michaël Beaulieu
- Zoological Institute and Museum, Greifswald University, Loitzer Straße, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kristin Franke
- Zoological Institute and Museum, Greifswald University, Loitzer Straße, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Klaus Fischer
- Zoological Institute and Museum, Greifswald University, Loitzer Straße, Greifswald, Germany
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152
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Iglesias PP, Soto EM, Soto IM, Colines B, Hasson E. The influence of developmental environment on courtship song in cactophilicDrosophila. J Evol Biol 2018; 31:957-967. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia P. Iglesias
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA); CONICET; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Eduardo M. Soto
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA); CONICET; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Ignacio M. Soto
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA); CONICET; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Betina Colines
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA); CONICET; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Esteban Hasson
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA); CONICET; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
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153
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Kvarnemo C. Why do some animals mate with one partner rather than many? A review of causes and consequences of monogamy. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1795-1812. [PMID: 29687607 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Why do some animals mate with one partner rather than many? Here, I investigate factors related to (i) spatial constraints (habitat limitation, mate availability), (ii) time constraints (breeding synchrony, length of breeding season), (iii) need for parental care, and (iv) genetic compatibility, to see what support can be found in different taxa regarding the importance of these factors in explaining the occurrence of monogamy, whether shown by one sex (monogyny or monandry) or by both sexes (mutual monogamy). Focusing on reproductive rather than social monogamy whenever possible, I review the empirical literature for birds, mammals and fishes, with occasional examples from other taxa. Each of these factors can explain mating patterns in some taxa, but not in all. In general, there is mixed support for how well the factors listed above predict monogamy. The factor that shows greatest support across taxa is habitat limitation. By contrast, while a need for parental care might explain monogamy in freshwater fishes and birds, there is clear evidence that this is not the case in marine fishes and mammals. Hence, reproductive monogamy does not appear to have a single overriding explanation, but is more taxon specific. Genetic compatibility is a promising avenue for future work likely to improve our understanding of monogamy and other mating patterns. I also discuss eight important consequences of reproductive monogamy: (i) parentage, (ii) parental care, (iii) eusociality and altruism, (iv) infanticide, (v) effective population size, (vi) mate choice before mating, (vii) sexual selection, and (viii) sexual conflict. Of these, eusociality and infanticide have been subject to debate, briefly summarised herein. A common expectation is that monogamy leads to little sexual conflict and no or little sexual selection. However, as reviewed here, sexual selection can be substantial under mutual monogamy, and both sexes can be subject to such selection. Under long-term mutual monogamy, mate quality is obviously more important than mate numbers, which in turn affects the need for pre-mating mate choice. Overall, I conclude that, despite much research on genetic mating patterns, reproductive monogamy is still surprisingly poorly understood and further experimental and comparative work is needed. This review identifies several areas in need of more data and also proposes new hypotheses to test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotta Kvarnemo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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154
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Mück I, Heubel KU. Ecological variation along the salinity gradient in the Baltic Sea Area and its consequences for reproduction in the common goby. Curr Zool 2018; 64:259-270. [PMID: 30402067 PMCID: PMC5905452 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoy006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it has become clear that sexual selection may shape mating systems and drive speciation, the potential constraints of environmental factors on processes and outcomes of sexual selection are largely unexplored. Here, we investigate the geographic variation of such environmental factors, more precisely the quality and quantity of nest resources (bivalve shells) along a salinity gradient in the Baltic Sea Area (Baltic Sea, Sounds and Belts, and Kattegat). We further test whether we find any salinity-associated morphological differences in body size between populations of common gobies Pomatoschistus microps, a small marine fish with a resource-based mating system. In a geographically expansive field study, we sampled 5 populations of P. microps occurring along the salinity gradient (decreasing from West to East) in the Baltic Sea Area over 3 consecutive years. Nest resource quantity and quality decreased from West to East, and a correlation between mussel size and male body size was detected. Population density, sex ratios, mating- and reproductive success as well as brood characteristics also differed between populations but with a less clear relation to salinity. With this field study we shed light on geographic variation of distinct environmental parameters possibly acting on population differentiation. We provide insights on relevant ecological variation, and draw attention to its importance in the framework of context-dependent plasticity of sexual selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Mück
- Department of Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katja U Heubel
- Department of Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Zoology, Ecological Research Station Rees, University of Cologne, Grietherbusch 3a, D-46459 Rees, Germany
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, J.A. Palménin tie 260, 10900 Hanko, Finland
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155
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McCullough EL, Buzatto BA, Simmons LW. Population density mediates the interaction between pre‐ and postmating sexual selection. Evolution 2018; 72:893-905. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin L. McCullough
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences (M092) The University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Bruno A. Buzatto
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences (M092) The University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Leigh W. Simmons
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences (M092) The University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
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156
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Khan I, Prakash A, Issar S, Umarani M, Sasidharan R, Masagalli JN, Lama P, Venkatesan R, Agashe D. Female Density-Dependent Chemical Warfare Underlies Fitness Effects of Group Sex Ratio in Flour Beetles. Am Nat 2018. [DOI: 10.1086/695806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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157
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Gooley RM, Hogg CJ, Belov K, Grueber CE. The effects of group versus intensive housing on the retention of genetic diversity in insurance populations. BMC ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s40850-017-0026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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158
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Bose APH, Cogliati KM, Luymes N, Bass AH, Marchaterre MA, Sisneros JA, Bolker BM, Balshine S. Phenotypic traits and resource quality as factors affecting male reproductive success in a toadfish. Behav Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ary002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh P H Bose
- Aquatic Behavioural Ecology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen M Cogliati
- Aquatic Behavioural Ecology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nick Luymes
- Aquatic Behavioural Ecology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew H Bass
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | | | - Joseph A Sisneros
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Benjamin M Bolker
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sigal Balshine
- Aquatic Behavioural Ecology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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159
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Jankowiak Ł, Tryjanowski P, Hetmański T, Skórka P. Experimentally evoked same-sex sexual behaviour in pigeons: better to be in a female-female pair than alone. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1654. [PMID: 29374281 PMCID: PMC5785962 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20128-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Same-sex sexual behaviour has been noted among social animals. However, because of the large number of observations necessary, data from controlled experiments are lacking. In this study, we performed experiments to evaluate the effects of male and female removal in colonies of the feral pigeon (Columba livia f. urbana). After the experimental removal of males, five long-lasting female-female pairs occurred. We found that those pairs could successfully raise offspring in a manner comparable to female-male pairs. Same-sex sexual behaviour and pairing in females is thus a better alternative to postponed breeding or breeding alone without the help of a partner. In contrast, in the case of female-removal experiments, same-sex pairing behaviour occurred in males as a temporary phenomenon with characteristic mutual aggression. Additionally, under a male-biased sex ratio, we observed father-son and father-daughter copulations. To the best of our knowledge, these results are the first obtained under controlled experimental conditions which demonstrate that the sex ratio of a population can shift the social structure and cause cooperative same-sex breeding behaviour to arise in a monogamous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Jankowiak
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology and Anthropology, Institute for Research on Biodiversity, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, PL-71-415, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Piotr Tryjanowski
- Institute of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, PL 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Hetmański
- Department of Zoology, Pomeranian University, Arciszewskiego 22b, 76-200, Słupsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Skórka
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, al. Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
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160
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Jeffery E, Córdoba-Aguilar A, Roitberg B. Impact of male alternative reproductive tactics on female costs of sexual conflict under variation in operational sex ratio and population density. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:584-591. [PMID: 29321895 PMCID: PMC5756886 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual conflict over mating rate is both pervasive and evolutionarily costly. For females, the lifetime reproductive fitness costs that arise through interactions with potential mates will be influenced by the frequency of such interactions, and the fitness cost of each interaction. Both of these factors are likely to be influenced by variation in operational sex ratio (OSR) and population density. Variation in OSR- and density-dependent male alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) may be particularly important if the fitness costs that females experience vary with the reproductive tactics that males express. Using a simple model, we consider several examples of OSR- and/or density-dependent variation in male ARTs and the frequency of male-female interactions, and find that variation in the expression of male ARTs has the potential to augment or diminish the costs of frequent male interactions for females. Accurately documenting variation in the expression of male ARTs and associated female fitness costs will benefit future work in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Córdoba-Aguilar
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva Instituto de Ecología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Coyoacan Mexico
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161
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Berrio A, Guerrero RF, Aglyamova GV, Okhovat M, Matz MV, Phelps SM. Complex selection on a regulator of social cognition: Evidence of balancing selection, regulatory interactions and population differentiation in the prairie vole
Avpr1a
locus. Mol Ecol 2017; 27:419-431. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Berrio
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA
- Department of Biology Duke University Durham NC USA
| | | | - Galina V. Aglyamova
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA
| | - Mariam Okhovat
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA
| | - Mikhail V. Matz
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA
| | - Steven M. Phelps
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA
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162
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Tinghitella RM, Lackey ACR, Martin M, Dijkstra PD, Drury JP, Heathcote R, Keagy J, Scordato ESC, Tyers AM. On the role of male competition in speciation: a review and research agenda. Behav Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arx151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alycia C R Lackey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Watershed Studies Institute, Murray State University, Murray, KY, USA
| | - Michael Martin
- Department of Biology, Oxford College of Emory University, Oxford, GA, USA
| | - Peter D Dijkstra
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Jonathan P Drury
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert Heathcote
- Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Jason Keagy
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth S C Scordato
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Alexandra M Tyers
- Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Bangor, Gwynedd,, Wales, UK
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163
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Schausberger P, Walzer A, Murata Y, Osakabe M. Low level of polyandry constrains phenotypic plasticity of male body size in mites. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188924. [PMID: 29190832 PMCID: PMC5708631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyandry, i.e. females mating with multiple males, is more common than previously anticipated and potentially provides both direct and indirect fitness benefits to females. The level of polyandry (defined by the lifetime number of male mates of a female) is an important determinant of the occurrence and intensity of sexual selection acting on male phenotypes. While the forces of sexual selection acting on phenotypic male traits such as body size are relatively well understood, sexual selection acting on phenotypic plasticity of these traits is unexplored. We tackled this issue by scrutinizing the link between polyandry and phenotypic plasticity of male body size in two sympatric plant-inhabiting predatory mite species, Phytoseiulus persimilis and Neoseiulus californicus. These two species are similar in life history, ecological niche requirements, mating behavior, polygyny and female body size plasticity but strikingly differ in the level of both polyandry and phenotypic plasticity of male body size (both lower in P. persimilis). We hypothesized that deviations from standard body size, i.e. the size achieved under favorable conditions, incur higher costs for males in the less polyandrous P. persimilis. To test our hypotheses, we conducted two experiments on (i) the effects of male body size on spermatophore transfer in singly mating females and (ii) the effects of mate sequence (switching the order of standard-sized and small males) on mating behavior and paternity success in doubly mating females. In P. persimilis but not N. californicus, small males transferred fewer but larger spermatophores to the females; in both species, females re-mated more likely with standard-sized following small than small following standard-sized males; in P. persimilis, first standard-sized males sired a higher proportion of offspring produced after re-mating by the female than first small males, whereas in N. californicus the paternity success of small and standard-sized males was independent of the mating sequence. Based on our results and pertinent previous studies, which showed that females of P. persimilis, but not N. californicus, prefer mating with standard-sized over small males and allow them fertilizing more eggs, the lack of interspecific difference in female body size plasticity, and the absence of any clue pointing at a role of natural selection, we suggest that the interspecific difference in male body size plasticity is sexually selected. Our study provides an indication of sexual selection constraining plasticity of male phenotypes, suggesting that the level of polyandry may be an important co-determinant of the level of phenotypic plasticity of male body size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schausberger
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Group of Arthropod Ecology and Behavior, Department of Crop Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Andreas Walzer
- Group of Arthropod Ecology and Behavior, Department of Crop Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yasumasa Murata
- Laboratory of Ecological Information, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Osakabe
- Laboratory of Ecological Information, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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164
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Correlated evolution of sexually selected traits: interspecific variation in ejaculates, sperm morphology, copulatory mate guarding, and body size in two sympatric species of garter snakes. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-017-2414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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165
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Johnson TL, Symonds MRE, Elgar MA. Anticipatory flexibility: larval population density in moths determines male investment in antennae, wings and testes. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 284:20172087. [PMID: 29118139 PMCID: PMC5698656 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental plasticity provides individuals with a distinct advantage when the reproductive environment changes dramatically. Variation in population density, in particular, can have profound effects on male reproductive success. Females may be easier to locate in dense populations, but there may be a greater risk of sperm competition. Thus, males should invest in traits that enhance fertilization success over traits that enhance mate location. Conversely, males in less dense populations should invest more in structures that will facilitate mate location. In Lepidoptera, this may result in the development of larger antennae to increase the likelihood of detecting female sex pheromones, and larger wings to fly more efficiently. We explored the effects of larval density on adult morphology in the gum-leaf skeletonizer moth, Uraba lugens, by manipulating both the number of larvae and the size of the rearing container. This experimental arrangement allowed us to reveal the cues used by larvae to assess whether absolute number or density influences adult responses. Male investment in testes size depended on the number of individuals, while male investment in wings and antennae depended upon larval density. By contrast, the size of female antennae and wings were influenced by an interaction of larval number and container size. This study demonstrates that male larvae are sensitive to cues that may reveal adult population density, and adjust investment in traits associated with fertilization success and mate detection accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara L Johnson
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Matthew R E Symonds
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Mark A Elgar
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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166
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Lee PLM, Schofield G, Haughey RI, Mazaris AD, Hays GC. A Review of Patterns of Multiple Paternity Across Sea Turtle Rookeries. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2017; 79:1-31. [PMID: 30012274 DOI: 10.1016/bs.amb.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Why females would mate with multiple partners and have multiple fathers for clutches or litters is a long-standing enigma. There is a broad dichotomy in hypotheses ranging from polyandry having benefits to simply being an unavoidable consequence of a high incidence of male-female encounters. If females simply give in to mating when it is too costly to avoid being harassed by males (convenience polyandry), then there should be a higher rate of mating as density increases. However, if females actively seek males because they benefit from multiple mating, then mating frequency, and consequently the incidence of multiple paternity of clutches, should be high throughout. To explore these competing explanations, here we review the incidence of multiple paternity for sea turtles nesting around the World. Across 30 rookeries, including all 7 species of sea turtle, the incidence of multiple paternity was only weakly linked to rookery size (r2=0.14). However, using high resolution at-sea GPS tracking we show that the specifics of movement patterns play a key role in driving packing density and hence the likely rate of male-female encounters. When individuals use the same focal areas, packing density could be 100× greater than when assuming individuals move independently. Once the extent of adult movements in the breeding season was considered so that movements and abundance could be combined to produce a measure of density, then across rookeries we found a very tight relationship (r2=0.96) between packing density and the incidence of multiple paternity. These findings suggest that multiple paternity in sea turtles may have no benefit, but is simply a consequence of the incidence of male-female encounters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L M Lee
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Gail Schofield
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca I Haughey
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Antonios D Mazaris
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Graeme C Hays
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
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167
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Insights on dispersal and recruitment paradigms: sex- and age-dependent variations in a nomadic breeder. Oecologia 2017; 186:85-97. [PMID: 29063200 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-3972-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sex- and age-dependence in recruitment and dispersal are often explained by costs arising from competition for holding a breeding territory over the years-a typical feature of species living in stable habitats. For instance, long-lived birds with male territoriality often exhibit large variation in recruitment age and higher dispersal in females and young individuals. As a corollary, we expected that species with ephemeral habitat suitability, and hence nomadic breeding, would show weak age- and sex-dependence in dispersal and low variation in recruitment age, because territory ownership is not maintained over the years. In addition, the higher cost of reproduction in females might not be (over)compensated for by costs of territoriality in males. Accordingly, females would recruit later than males. We explored these variations using multievent capture-recapture models over 13 years, 3479 (2392 sexed) slender-billed gulls (Chroicocephalus genei) and 45 colony sites along the French Mediterranean coast. As expected, variability in recruitment age was low with males recruiting earlier than females. Nonetheless, dispersal in and out of the study area decreased with age and was slightly higher in males than in females. Decreased dispersal with age might result from foraging benefits associated with increased spatial familiarity. Higher dispersal in males might be explained by a male-biased sex ratio or higher philopatry benefits in females (arising from their higher cost of reproduction). Sex- and age-dependent dispersal and recruitment may thus occur in the absence of year-to-year breeding territory ownership, which stresses the importance of considering other processes in shaping recruitment and dispersal patterns.
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168
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Chelini MC, Hebets E. Field evidence challenges the often-presumed relationship between early male maturation and female-biased sexual size dimorphism. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:9592-9601. [PMID: 29187992 PMCID: PMC5696407 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Female‐biased sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is often considered an epiphenomenon of selection for the increased mating opportunities provided by early male maturation (i.e., protandry). Empirical evidence of the adaptive significance of protandry remains nonetheless fairly scarce. We use field data collected throughout the reproductive season of an SSD crab spider, Mecaphesa celer, to test two hypotheses: Protandry provides fitness benefits to males, leading to female‐biased SSD, or protandry is an indirect consequence of selection for small male size/large female size. Using field‐collected data, we modeled the probability of mating success for females and males according to their timing of maturation. We found that males matured earlier than females and the proportion of virgin females decreased abruptly early in the season, but unexpectedly increased afterward. Timing of female maturation was not related to clutch size, but large females tended to have more offspring than small females. Timing of female and male maturation was inversely related to size at adulthood, as early‐maturing individuals were larger than late‐maturing ones, suggesting that both sexes exhibit some plasticity in their developmental trajectories. Such plasticity indicates that protandry could co‐occur with any degree and direction of SSD. Our calculation of the probability of mating success along the season shows multiple male maturation time points with similar predicted mating success. This suggests that males follow multiple strategies with equal success, trading‐off access to virgin females with intensity of male–male competition. Our results challenge classic hypotheses linking protandry and female‐biased SSD, and emphasize the importance of directly testing the often‐assumed relationships between co‐occurring animal traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eileen Hebets
- School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska - Lincoln Lincoln NE USA
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169
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Hernández L, Aisenberg A, Molina J. Mating plugs and sexual cannibalism in the Colombian orb-web spiderLeucauge mariana. Ethology 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Hernández
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical - CIMPAT; Bogotá Universidad de los Andes; Bogotá Colombia
| | - Anita Aisenberg
- Laboratorio de Etología, Ecología y Evolución; Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable; Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Jorge Molina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical - CIMPAT; Bogotá Universidad de los Andes; Bogotá Colombia
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170
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Head ML, Kahn AT, Henshaw JM, Keogh JS, Jennions MD. Sexual selection on male body size, genital length and heterozygosity: Consistency across habitats and social settings. J Anim Ecol 2017; 86:1458-1468. [PMID: 28815592 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Spatial and temporal variation in environmental factors and the social setting can help to maintain genetic variation in sexually selected traits if it affects the strength of directional selection. A key social parameter which affects the intensity of, and sometimes predicts the response to, mating competition is the operational sex ratio (OSR; ratio of receptive males to females). How the OSR affects selection for specific male traits is poorly understood. It is also unclear how sexual selection is affected by interactions between the OSR and environmental factors, such as habitat complexity, that alter key male-female interactions such as mate encounter rates. Here, we experimentally manipulated the OSR and habitat complexity and quantified sexual selection on male mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) by directly measuring male reproductive success (i.e. paternity). We show that despite a more equitable sharing of paternity (i.e. higher levels of multiple paternity) under a male-biased OSR, selection on focal male traits was unaffected by the OSR or habitat complexity. Instead, sexual selection consistently, and significantly, favoured smaller bodied males, males with higher genome wide heterozygosity (based on >3,000 SNP markers) and males with a relatively long gonopodium (intromittent organ). Our results show that sexual selection on male body size, relative genital size and heterozygosity in this system is consistent across environments that vary in ecological parameters that are expected to influence mate encounter rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Head
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Andrew T Kahn
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Henshaw
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - J Scott Keogh
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Michael D Jennions
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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171
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Kyogoku D, Sota T. The evolution of between-species reproductive interference capability under different within-species mating regimes. Evolution 2017; 71:2721-2727. [PMID: 28884796 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Sexual selection sometimes favors male traits that benefit their bearers, but harm their mates. The harmful effects of male traits may also extend to females of other species via heterospecific mating interactions. This could affect the coexistence of closely related species during secondary contact. We examined the evolution of the interspecific interfering capability of a beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis) with a congener (C. maculatus) using C. chinensis males reared under conditions of monogamy and polygamy for 17 generations. After experimental evolution, C. chinensis males reared under polygamous conditions imposed greater impacts on offspring production by C. maculatus females than did C. chinensis males reared under monogamous conditions. However, the mechanism by which differential mating regimes altered the effect of C. chinensis males on C. maculatus females was unclear, because we did not find evidence for the expected genital evolution in C. chinensis, despite their body size divergence. Our findings suggest that traits that originally evolved through sexual selection in two allopatric species could influence the coexistence of these species or the likelihood of reinforcement during secondary contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kyogoku
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.,Current Address: Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Seta Oe-cho, Otsu 520-2194, Japan
| | - Teiji Sota
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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172
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Monteiro N, Cunha M, Ferreira L, Vieira N, Antunes A, Lyons D, Jones AG. Parabolic variation in sexual selection intensity across the range of a cold-water pipefish: implications for susceptibility to climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:3600-3609. [PMID: 28107778 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
While an understanding of evolutionary processes in shifting environments is vital in the context of rapid ecological change, one of the most potent selective forces, sexual selection, remains curiously unexplored. Variation in sexual selection across a species range, especially across a gradient of temperature regimes, has the potential to provide a window into the possible impacts of climate change on the evolution of mating patterns. Here, we investigated some of the links between temperature and indicators of sexual selection, using a cold-water pipefish as model. We found that populations differed with respect to body size, length of the breeding season, fecundity, and sexual dimorphism across a wide latitudinal gradient. We encountered two types of latitudinal patterns, either linear, when related to body size, or parabolic in shape when considering variables related to sexual selection intensity, such as sexual dimorphism and reproductive investment. Our results suggest that sexual selection intensity increases toward both edges of the distribution and that the large differences in temperature likely play a significant role. Shorter breeding seasons in the north and reduced periods for gamete production in the south certainly have the potential to alter mating systems, breeding synchrony, and mate monopolization rates. As latitude and water temperature are tightly coupled across the European coasts, the observed patterns in traits related to sexual selection can lead to predictions regarding how sexual selection should change in response to climate change. Based on data from extant populations, we can predict that as the worm pipefish moves northward, a wave of decreasing selection intensity will likely replace the strong sexual selection at the northern range margin. In contrast, the southern populations will be followed by heightened sexual selection, which may exacerbate the problem of local extinction at this retreating boundary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Monteiro
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, rua Padre Armando Quintas, Vairão, 4485-661, Portugal
- CEBIMED, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, rua Carlos da Maia 296, Porto, 4200-150, Portugal
| | - Mário Cunha
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, rua Padre Armando Quintas, Vairão, 4485-661, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Lídia Ferreira
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, rua Padre Armando Quintas, Vairão, 4485-661, Portugal
| | - Natividade Vieira
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, Porto, 4050-123, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Antunes
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, Porto, 4050-123, Portugal
| | - David Lyons
- National Parks & Wildlife Service, Custom House, Druid Lane, Flood Street, Galway, Ireland
| | - Adam G Jones
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 3258 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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173
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Olivero PA, Mattoni CI, Peretti AV. Differences in mating behavior between two allopatric populations of a Neotropical scorpion. ZOOLOGY 2017; 123:71-78. [PMID: 28811167 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Courtship and mating behavior generally evolve rapidly in diverging populations and species. The adaptation to different environments may cause behavioral divergence in characteristics involved in mate choice. Our objective in this study was to compare the sexual behavior of two distant populations of the scorpion Bothriurus bonariensis. This species has a broad distribution in South America, inhabiting Central Argentina, Uruguay and south-eastern Brazil. It is known that in this species there is a divergence in morphological patterns (body size, coloration, allometry and fluctuating asymmetry indexes) among distant populations. Considering the differences in environmental conditions between localities, we compare the sexual behavior in intra-population and inter-population matings from Central Argentina and southern Uruguay populations. We found significant differences in mating patterns, including differences in the frequency and duration of important stimulatory courtship behaviors. In addition, most inter-population matings were unsuccessful. In this framework, the differences in reproductive behavior could indicate reproductive isolation between these populations, which coincides with their already known morphological differences. This is the first study comparing the sexual behavior of allopatric populations of scorpions; it provides new data about the degree of intraspecific geographical divergence in the sexual behavior of B. bonariensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola A Olivero
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), CONICET-UNC and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, CP X5000JJC, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Camilo I Mattoni
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), CONICET-UNC and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, CP X5000JJC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alfredo V Peretti
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), CONICET-UNC and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, CP X5000JJC, Córdoba, Argentina
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174
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McNamara KB, Simmons LW. Experimental evolution reveals differences between phenotypic and evolutionary responses to population density. J Evol Biol 2017; 30:1763-1771. [PMID: 28675768 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Group living can select for increased immunity, given the heightened risk of parasite transmission. Yet, it also may select for increased male reproductive investment, given the elevated risk of female multiple mating. Trade-offs between immunity and reproduction are well documented. Phenotypically, population density mediates both reproductive investment and immune function in the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella. However, the evolutionary response of populations to these traits is unknown. We created two replicated populations of P. interpunctella, reared and mated for 14 generations under high or low population densities. These population densities cause plastic responses in immunity and reproduction: at higher numbers, both sexes invest more in one index of immunity [phenoloxidase (PO) activity] and males invest more in sperm. Interestingly, our data revealed divergence in PO and reproduction in a different direction to previously reported phenotypic responses. Males evolving at low population densities transferred more sperm, and both males and females displayed higher PO than individuals at high population densities. These positively correlated responses to selection suggest no apparent evolutionary trade-off between immunity and reproduction. We speculate that the reduced PO activity and sperm investment when evolving under high population density may be due to the reduced population fitness predicted under increased sexual conflict and/or to trade-offs between pre- and post-copulatory traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B McNamara
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences (M092), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - L W Simmons
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences (M092), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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175
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Lyons K, Chabot CL, Mull CG, Paterson Holder CN, Lowe CG. Who's My Daddy? Considerations for the influence of sexual selection on multiple paternity in elasmobranch mating systems. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:5603-5612. [PMID: 28808540 PMCID: PMC5551082 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyandry resulting in multiply-sired litters has been documented in the majority of elasmobranch species examined to date. Although commonly observed, reasons for this mating system remain relatively obscure, especially in batoids. The round stingray (Urobatis halleri) is an abundant, well-studied elasmobranch distributed throughout the northeastern Pacific that we used to explore hypotheses regarding multiple paternity in elasmobranchs. Twenty mid- to late-term pregnant females were sampled off the coast of southern California and their litters analyzed for the occurrence of multiple paternity using five nuclear microsatellite loci. In addition, embryo sizes and their position within the female reproductive system (i.e., right or left uterus) were recorded and used to make inferences for patterns of ovulation. Multiple paternity was observed in 90% of litters and male reproductive success within litters was relatively even among sires. High variability in testes mass was observed suggesting that sperm competition is high in this species, although male reproductive success per litter appeared to be relatively even. Using embryo size as a proxy for fertilization, females were found to exhibit a variety of ovulation patterns that could function to limit a male's access to eggs and possibly promote high rates of multiple paternity. Our study highlights that elasmobranch mating systems may be more varied and complex than presumed and further investigation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kady Lyons
- California State University, Long BeachLong BeachCAUSA
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176
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Laboratory social environment biases mating outcome: a first quantitative synthesis in a butterfly. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-017-2346-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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177
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Further Mathematical Modelling of Mating Sex Ratios & Male Strategies with Special Relevance to Human Life History. Bull Math Biol 2017; 79:1907-1922. [PMID: 28660545 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-017-0313-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Influential models of male reproductive strategies have often ignored the importance of mate guarding, focusing instead on trade-offs between fitness gained through care for dependants in a pair bond versus fitness from continued competition for additional mates. Here we follow suggestions that mate guarding is a distinct alternative strategy that plays a crucial role, with special relevance to the evolution of our own lineage. Human pair bonding may have evolved in concert with the evolution of our grandmothering life history, which entails a shift to male-biased sex ratios in the fertile ages. As that sex ratio becomes more male biased, payoffs for mate-guarding increase due to partner scarcity. We present an ordinary differential equation model of mutually exclusive strategies (dependant care, multiple mating, and mate guarding), calculate steady-state frequencies and perform bifurcation analysis on parameters of care and guarding efficiency. Mate guarding triumphs over alternate strategies when populations are male biased, and guarding is fully efficient. When guarding does not ensure complete certainty of paternity, and multiple maters are able to gain some paternity from guarders, multiple mating can coexist with guarding. At female-biased sex ratios, multiple mating takes over, unless the benefit of care to the number of surviving offspring produced by the mates of carers is large.
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178
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Interactions between the developmental and adult social environments mediate group dynamics and offspring traits in Drosophila melanogaster. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3574. [PMID: 28620201 PMCID: PMC5472581 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03505-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental conditions can strongly influence adult phenotypes and social interactions, which in turn affect key evolutionary processes such as sexual selection and sexual conflict. While the implications of social interactions in phenotypically mixed populations at the individual level are increasingly well known, how these effects influence the fate of groups remains poorly understood, which limits our understanding of the broader ecological implications. To address this problem we manipulated adult phenotypes and social composition in Drosophila melanogaster – by experimentally manipulating the larval density of the group-members – and measured a range of group-level outcomes across the lifespan of groups. Adult groups composed of exclusively low larval-density individuals showed high courtship levels, and low early reproductive rates, group growth rates, offspring mass and offspring eclosion success, relative to high larval-density or mixed larval-density groups. Furthermore, high larval-density groups had lower survival. Offspring mass increased with time, but at a reduced rate in groups when male group members (but not females) were from a mixture of larval-densities; peak reproductive rates were also earlier in these groups. Our results suggest that that variation in developmental conditions experienced by adult group members can modify the reproductive output of groups.
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179
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Myhre AM, Engen S, SAEther BE. Effective size of density-dependent two-sex populations: the effect of mating systems. J Evol Biol 2017; 30:1561-1575. [PMID: 28594470 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Density dependence in vital rates is a key feature affecting temporal fluctuations of natural populations. This has important implications for the rate of random genetic drift. Mating systems also greatly affect effective population sizes, but knowledge of how mating system and density regulation interact to affect random genetic drift is poor. Using theoretical models and simulations, we compare Ne in short-lived, density-dependent animal populations with different mating systems. We study the impact of a fluctuating, density-dependent sex ratio and consider both a stable and a fluctuating environment. We find a negative relationship between annual Ne /N and adult population size N due to density dependence, suggesting that loss of genetic variation is reduced at small densities. The magnitude of this decrease was affected by mating system and life history. A male-biased, density-dependent sex ratio reduces the rate of genetic drift compared to an equal, density-independent sex ratio, but a stochastic change towards male bias reduces the Ne /N ratio. Environmental stochasticity amplifies temporal fluctuations in population size and is thus vital to consider in estimation of effective population sizes over longer time periods. Our results on the reduced loss of genetic variation at small densities, particularly in polygamous populations, indicate that density regulation may facilitate adaptive evolution at small population sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Myhre
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - S Engen
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - B-E SAEther
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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180
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Gomes ACR, Funghi C, Soma M, Sorenson MD, Cardoso GC. Multimodal signalling in estrildid finches: song, dance and colour are associated with different ecological and life‐history traits. J Evol Biol 2017; 30:1336-1346. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. C. R. Gomes
- CIBIO – Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos Campus Agrário de Vairão Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
| | - C. Funghi
- CIBIO – Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos Campus Agrário de Vairão Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
| | - M. Soma
- Department of Biology Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | | | - G. C. Cardoso
- CIBIO – Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos Campus Agrário de Vairão Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
- Behavioural Ecology Group Department of Biology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Ø Denmark
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181
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Lüpold S, Jin L, Liao WB. Population density and structure drive differential investment in pre- and postmating sexual traits in frogs. Evolution 2017; 71:1686-1699. [PMID: 28394412 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sexual selection theory predicts a trade-off between premating (ornaments and armaments) and postmating (testes and ejaculates) sexual traits, assuming that growing and maintaining these traits is costly and that total reproductive investments are limited. The number of males in competition, the reproductive gains from investing in premating sexual traits, and the level of sperm competition are all predicted to influence how males allocate their finite resources to these traits. Yet, empirical examination of these predictions is currently scarce. Here, we studied relative expenditure on pre- and postmating sexual traits among frog species varying in their population density, operational sex ratio, and the number of competing males for each clutch of eggs. We found that the intensifying struggle to monopolize fertilizations as more and more males clasp the same female to fertilize her eggs shifts male reproductive investment toward sperm production and away from male weaponry. This shift, which is mediated by population density and the associated level of male-male competition, likely also explains the trade-off between pre- and postmating sexual traits in our much broader sample of anuran species. Our results highlight the power of such a multilevel approach in resolving the evolution of traits and allocation trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Lüpold
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich-Irchel, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Long Jin
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, P. R. China
| | - Wen Bo Liao
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, P. R. China
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182
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D'Urban Jackson J, Dos Remedios N, Maher KH, Zefania S, Haig S, Oyler-McCance S, Blomqvist D, Burke T, Bruford MW, Székely T, Küpper C. Polygamy slows down population divergence in shorebirds. Evolution 2017; 71:1313-1326. [PMID: 28233288 PMCID: PMC5484996 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sexual selection may act as a promotor of speciation since divergent mate choice and competition for mates can rapidly lead to reproductive isolation. Alternatively, sexual selection may also retard speciation since polygamous individuals can access additional mates by increased breeding dispersal. High breeding dispersal should hence increase gene flow and reduce diversification in polygamous species. Here, we test how polygamy predicts diversification in shorebirds using genetic differentiation and subspecies richness as proxies for population divergence. Examining microsatellite data from 79 populations in 10 plover species (Genus: Charadrius) we found that polygamous species display significantly less genetic structure and weaker isolation-by-distance effects than monogamous species. Consistent with this result, a comparative analysis including 136 shorebird species showed significantly fewer subspecies for polygamous than for monogamous species. By contrast, migratory behavior neither predicted genetic differentiation nor subspecies richness. Taken together, our results suggest that dispersal associated with polygamy may facilitate gene flow and limit population divergence. Therefore, intense sexual selection, as occurs in polygamous species, may act as a brake rather than an engine of speciation in shorebirds. We discuss alternative explanations for these results and call for further studies to understand the relationships between sexual selection, dispersal, and diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine D'Urban Jackson
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.,Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Dos Remedios
- NERC-Biomolecular Analysis Facility, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn H Maher
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Sama Zefania
- Institut Supérieur de technologie de Menabe Morondava, Faculty of Sciences, University of Toliara, Madagascar
| | - Susan Haig
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Sara Oyler-McCance
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80526, USA
| | - Donald Blomqvist
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 40530, Sweden
| | - Terry Burke
- NERC-Biomolecular Analysis Facility, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Michael W Bruford
- Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Tamás Székely
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Clemens Küpper
- Institute of Zoology, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Eberhard Gwinner Str., 82319, Seewiesen, Germany
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183
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Lierheimer VF, Tinghitella RM. Quantity and quality of available mates alters female responsiveness but not investment in the Pacific field cricket, Teleogryllus oceanicus. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-017-2298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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184
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Scordato ES. Geographical variation in male territory defence strategies in an avian ring species. Anim Behav 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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185
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Moura RR, Gonzaga MO. Temporal variation in size-assortative mating and male mate choice in a spider with amphisexual care. Naturwissenschaften 2017; 104:28. [DOI: 10.1007/s00114-017-1448-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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186
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Sih A, Montiglio PO, Wey TW, Fogarty S. Altered physical and social conditions produce rapidly reversible mating systems in water striders. Behav Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arx021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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187
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Karkarey R, Zambre A, Isvaran K, Arthur R. Alternative reproductive tactics and inverse size-assortment in a high-density fish spawning aggregation. BMC Ecol 2017; 17:10. [PMID: 28245824 PMCID: PMC5331645 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-017-0120-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background At high densities, terrestrial and marine species often employ alternate reproductive tactics (ARTs) to maximize reproductive benefits. We describe ARTs in a high-density and unfished spawning aggregation of the squaretail grouper (Plectropomus areolatus) in Lakshadweep, India. Results As previously reported for this species, territorial males engage in pair-courtship, which is associated with a pair-spawning tactic. Here, we document a previously unreported school-courtship tactic; where territorial males court multiple females in mid-water schools, which appears to culminate in a unique ‘school-spawning’ tactic. Courtship tactics were conditional on body size, local mate density and habitat, likely associated with changing trade-offs between potential mating opportunities and intra-sexual competition. Counter-intuitively, the aggregation showed a habitat-specific inverse size-assortment: large males courted small females on the reef slope while small males courted equal-sized or larger females on the shelf. These patterns remained stable across two years of observation at high, unfished densities. Conclusions These unique density-dependent behaviours may disappear from this aggregation as overall densities decline due to increasing commercial fishing pressure, with potentially large consequences for demographics and fitness. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12898-017-0120-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rucha Karkarey
- Oceans and Coasts Program, Nature Conservation Foundation, 3076/5, 4th Cross, Gokulam Park, Mysore, Karnataka, 570002, India. .,Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - Amod Zambre
- Post-graduate Programme in Wildlife Biology and Conservation, National Centre for Biological Sciences-Wildlife Conservation Society, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kavita Isvaran
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rohan Arthur
- Oceans and Coasts Program, Nature Conservation Foundation, 3076/5, 4th Cross, Gokulam Park, Mysore, Karnataka, 570002, India.,Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CSIC), Blanes, Spain
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188
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White JW, Cole BJ, Cherr GN, Connon RE, Brander SM. Scaling Up Endocrine Disruption Effects from Individuals to Populations: Outcomes Depend on How Many Males a Population Needs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:1802-1810. [PMID: 28064479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Assessing how endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) affect population dynamics requires tracking males and females (and sex-reversed individuals) separately. A key component in any sex-specific model is the "mating function" (the relationship between sex ratio and reproductive success) but this relationship is not known for any fish species. Using a model, we found that EDC effects on fish populations strongly depend upon the shape of the mating function. Additionally, masculinization is generally more detrimental to populations than feminization. We then quantified the mating function for the inland silverside (Menidia beryllina), and used those results and the model to assess the status of wild silverside populations. Contrary to the expectation that a few males can spawn with many females, silversides exhibited a nearly linear mating function. This implies that small changes in the sex ratio will reduce reproductive success. Four out of five wild silverside populations exhibited sex ratios far from 50:50 and thus are predicted to be experiencing population declines. Our results suggest that managers should place more emphasis on mitigating masculinizing rather than feminizing EDC effects. However, for species with a nearly linear mating function, such as Menidia, feminization and masculinization are equally detrimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wilson White
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington , Wilmington, North Carolina 28403 United States
| | - Bryan J Cole
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis , Davis, California 95616 United States
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California Davis , Bodega Bay, California 94923 United States
| | - Gary N Cherr
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California Davis , Bodega Bay, California 94923 United States
| | - Richard E Connon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis , Davis, California 95616 United States
| | - Susanne M Brander
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington , Wilmington, North Carolina 28403 United States
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189
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190
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Breedveld MC, San-Jose LM, Romero-Diaz C, Roldan ER, Fitze PS. Mate availability affects the trade-off between producing one or multiple annual clutches. Anim Behav 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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191
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Lawson DW, Borgerhoff Mulder M. The offspring quantity-quality trade-off and human fertility variation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 371:20150145. [PMID: 27022072 PMCID: PMC4822425 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The idea that trade-offs between offspring quantity and quality shape reproductive behaviour has long been central to economic perspectives on fertility. It also has a parallel and richer theoretical foundation in evolutionary ecology. We review the application of the quantity–quality trade-off concept to human reproduction, emphasizing distinctions between clutch size and lifetime fertility, and the wider set of forces contributing to fertility variation in iteroparous and sexually reproducing species like our own. We then argue that in settings approximating human evolutionary history, several factors limit costly sibling competition. Consequently, while the optimization of quantity–quality trade-offs undoubtedly shaped the evolution of human physiology setting the upper limits of reproduction, we argue it plays a modest role in accounting for socio-ecological and individual variation in fertility. Only upon entering the demographic transition can fertility limitation be clearly interpreted as strategically orientated to advancing offspring quality via increased parental investment per child, with low fertility increasing descendant socio-economic success, although not reproductive success. We conclude that existing economic and evolutionary literature has often overemphasized the centrality of quantity–quality trade-offs to human fertility variation and advocate for the development of more holistic frameworks encompassing alternative life-history trade-offs and the evolved mechanisms guiding their resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Lawson
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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192
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Hudson CM, Brown GP, Shine R. It is lonely at the front: contrasting evolutionary trajectories in male and female invaders. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2016; 3:160687. [PMID: 28083108 PMCID: PMC5210690 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Invasive species often exhibit rapid evolutionary changes, and can provide powerful insights into the selective forces shaping phenotypic traits that influence dispersal rates and/or sexual interactions. Invasions also may modify sexual dimorphism. We measured relative lengths of forelimbs and hindlimbs of more than 3000 field-caught adult cane toads (Rhinella marina) from 67 sites in Hawai'i and Australia (1-80 years post-colonization), along with 489 captive-bred individuals from multiple Australian sites raised in a 'common garden' (to examine heritability and reduce environmental influences on morphology). As cane toads spread from east to west across Australia, the ancestral condition (long limbs, especially in males) was modified. Limb length relative to body size was first reduced (perhaps owing to natural selection on locomotor ability), but then increased again (perhaps owing to spatial sorting) in the invasion vanguard. In contrast, the sex disparity in relative limb length has progressively decreased during the toads' Australian invasion. Offspring reared in a common environment exhibited similar geographical divergences in morphology as did wild-caught animals, suggesting a genetic basis to the changes. Limb dimensions showed significant heritability (2-17%), consistent with the possibility of an evolved response. Cane toad populations thus have undergone a major shift in sexual dimorphism in relative limb lengths during their brief (81 years) spread through tropical Australia.
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193
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Mascolino S, Benvenuto C, Gubili C, Sacchi C, Boufana B, Mariani S. The ART of mating: alternative reproductive tactics and mating success in a nest-guarding fish. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 89:2643-2657. [PMID: 27696416 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Behavioural observations in the field of male Mediterranean damselfish Chromis chromis were combined with molecular analyses, using bi-parentally and maternally inherited markers, to investigate reproductive success patterns of alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) in terms of number of eggs sired and number of females contributing to each nest. Cuckoldry was observed in every nest sampled, with at least two and up to seven sneaker males per nest. The nesting male, however, always significantly fertilized the greater number of eggs (on average 49%) in each clutch, whereas each sneaker fertilized around 7% of the clutch. The average number of females whose eggs were fertilized by nesting males was 6·76 (range 2-13), while each sneaker on average fertilized the eggs of 1·74 (range 1-8) females. Using this sibship reconstruction, some of the factors involved in the regulation of the dynamic equilibrium of reproductive success were investigated between the two ARTs shown by C. chromis males. Results show that the sneakers' reproductive success was positively linked to egg clutch size; the density of individuals in the nesting area negatively affected the size of egg clutches; the rate of defence behaviours performed by nesting males negatively influenced the number of females contributing to each nest.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mascolino
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - C Benvenuto
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Centre, School of Environment & Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, U.K
| | - C Gubili
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Centre, School of Environment & Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, U.K
| | - C Sacchi
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - B Boufana
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Centre, School of Environment & Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, U.K
| | - S Mariani
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Centre, School of Environment & Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, U.K
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194
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Fowler‐Finn KD, Cruz DC, Rodríguez RL. Local population density and group composition influence the signal‐preference relationship in
Enchenopa
treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae). J Evol Biol 2016; 30:13-25. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. D. Fowler‐Finn
- Department of Biology Saint Louis University Saint Louis MO USA
- Behavioral and Molecular Ecology Group Department of Biological Sciences University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee Milwaukee WI USA
| | - D. C. Cruz
- Behavioral and Molecular Ecology Group Department of Biological Sciences University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee Milwaukee WI USA
| | - R. L. Rodríguez
- Behavioral and Molecular Ecology Group Department of Biological Sciences University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee Milwaukee WI USA
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195
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Borremans B, Reijniers J, Hughes NK, Godfrey SS, Gryseels S, Makundi RH, Leirs H. Nonlinear scaling of foraging contacts with rodent population density. OIKOS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.03623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benny Borremans
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Univ. of Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
| | - Jonas Reijniers
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Univ. of Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
- Dept of Engineering Management; Univ. of Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
| | - Nelika K. Hughes
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Univ. of Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
- School of BioSciences, Univ. of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
| | - Stephanie S. Godfrey
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch Univ.; Western Australia Australia
| | - Sophie Gryseels
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Univ. of Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
| | - Rhodes H. Makundi
- Pest Management Center, Sokoine Univ. of Agriculture; Morogoro Tanzania
| | - Herwig Leirs
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Univ. of Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
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196
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Stoffer B, Uetz GW. Tuft size matters: the effects of adult visual social experience on female mate preferences in a wolf spider. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-016-2225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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197
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Monroe MJ, Amundsen T, Utne‐Palm AC, Mobley KB. Seasonal variation in male alternative reproductive tactics. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:2362-2372. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Monroe
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science Umeå University Umeå Sweden
- Department of Ecology and Genetics Evolutionary Biology Center Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - T. Amundsen
- Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - A. C. Utne‐Palm
- Department of Biology University of Bergen Bergen Norway
- Institute of Marine Research Bergen Norway
| | - K. B. Mobley
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science Umeå University Umeå Sweden
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology Plön Germany
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198
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Ashman KR, McNamara KB, Symonds MRE. Experimental evolution reveals that population density does not affect moth signalling behaviour and antennal morphology. Evol Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-016-9857-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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199
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Langerhans RB, Anderson CM, Heinen-Kay JL. Causes and Consequences of Genital Evolution. Integr Comp Biol 2016; 56:741-51. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icw101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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200
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The Tangled Evolutionary Legacies of Range Expansion and Hybridization. Trends Ecol Evol 2016; 31:677-688. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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