151
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Zhang Y, Niu X, Dong X, Wang Y, Li H. Bioglass enhanced wound healing ability of urine-derived stem cells through promoting paracrine effects between stem cells and recipient cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e1609-e1622. [PMID: 29024443 DOI: 10.1002/term.2587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In cell therapy, tissue regeneration ability of stem cells relies on the paracrine effects between stem cells and recipient cells. Our recent studies demonstrated that, in tissue engineering, bioactive silicates could stimulate paracrine effects between stem cells and recipient cells, which enhanced tissue generation. Therefore, we proposed that, in cell therapy, it may be an effective method to improve tissue regeneration ability of stem cells through activating the paracrine effects between stem cells and recipient cells with bioactive silicates. As urine-derived stem cells (USCs) have been injected for wound healing and bioglass (BG) have shown bioactivity for various types of stem cells, in this study, we activated USCs with effective BG ionic products. Then the conditioned medium of BG-activated USCs were used to culture endothelial cells and fibroblasts as well as co-cultures of endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Results showed that growth factor expression in BG-activated USCs was upregulated. In addition, paracrine effects between USCs and recipient cells in wound healing were stimulated, which resulted in enhanced capillary-like network formation of endothelial cells and matrix protein production as well as myofibroblast differentiation of fibroblasts. Finally, the BG-activated USCs were applied on full-thickness excisional wounds. Results confirmed that BG-activated USCs had better wound healing ability through improving angiogenesis and collagen deposition in wound sites as compared with USCs without any treatment. Taken together, BG can be used to promote wound healing ability of USCs by enhancing paracrine effects between USCs and recipient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Niu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Dong
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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152
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Turner CJ, Badu-Nkansah K, Hynes RO. Endothelium-derived fibronectin regulates neonatal vascular morphogenesis in an autocrine fashion. Angiogenesis 2017; 20:519-531. [PMID: 28667352 PMCID: PMC5660148 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-017-9563-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Fibronectin containing alternatively spliced EIIIA and EIIIB domains is largely absent from mature quiescent vessels in adults, but is highly expressed around blood vessels during developmental and pathological angiogenesis. The precise functions of fibronectin and its splice variants during developmental angiogenesis however remain unclear due to the presence of cardiac, somitic, mesodermal and neural defects in existing global fibronectin KO mouse models. Using a rare family of surviving EIIIA EIIIB double KO mice, as well as inducible endothelial-specific fibronectin-deficient mutant mice, we show that vascular development in the neonatal retina is regulated in an autocrine manner by endothelium-derived fibronectin, and requires both EIIIA and EIIIB domains and the RGD-binding α5 and αv integrins for its function. Exogenous sources of fibronectin do not fully substitute for the autocrine function of endothelial fibronectin, demonstrating that fibronectins from different sources contribute differentially to specific aspects of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Turner
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, 76-361, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- University of Suffolk, James Hehir Building, University Avenue, Ipswich, Suffolk, IP3 0FS, UK
| | - Kwabena Badu-Nkansah
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, 76-361, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Duke University Medical Center, 307 Research Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Richard O Hynes
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, 76-361, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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153
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Engraftment and morphological development of vascularized human iPS cell-derived 3D-cardiomyocyte tissue after xenotransplantation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13708. [PMID: 29057926 PMCID: PMC5651879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major challenges in cell-based cardiac regenerative medicine is the in vitro construction of three-dimensional (3D) tissues consisting of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (iPSC-CM) and a blood vascular network supplying nutrients and oxygen throughout the tissue after implantation. We have successfully built a vascularized iPSC-CM 3D-tissue using our validated cell manipulation technique. In order to evaluate an availability of the 3D-tissue as a biomaterial, functional morphology of the tissues was examined by light and transmission electron microscopy through their implantation into the rat infarcted heart. Before implantation, the tissues showed distinctive myofibrils within iPSC-CMs and capillary-like endothelial tubes, but their profiles were still like immature. In contrast, engraftment of the tissues to the rat heart led the iPSC-CMs and endothelial tubes into organization of cell organelles and junctional apparatuses and prompt development of capillary network harboring host blood supply, respectively. A number of capillaries in the implanted tissues were derived from host vascular bed, whereas the others were likely to be composed by fusion of host and implanted endothelial cells. Thus, our vascularized iPSC-CM 3D-tissues may be a useful regenerative paradigm which will require additional expanded and long-term studies.
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154
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Counterbalancing anti-adhesive effects of Tenascin-C through fibronectin expression in endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12762. [PMID: 28986537 PMCID: PMC5630602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular fibronectin (FN) and tenascin-C (TNC) are prominent development- and disease-associated matrix components with pro- and anti-adhesive activity, respectively. Whereas both are present in the tumour vasculature, their functional interplay on vascular endothelial cells remains unclear. We have previously shown that basally-oriented deposition of a FN matrix restricts motility and promotes junctional stability in cultured endothelial cells and that this effect is tightly coupled to expression of FN. Here we report that TNC induces FN expression in endothelial cells. This effect counteracts the potent anti-adhesive activity of TNC and leads to the assembly of a dense highly-branched subendothelial matrix that enhances tubulogenic activity. These findings suggest that pro-angiogenic remodelling of the perivascular matrix may involve TNC-induced upregulation of FN in endothelial cells.
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155
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Ma Z, Li Z, Shou K, Jian C, Li P, Niu Y, Qi B, Yu A. Negative pressure wound therapy: Regulating blood flow perfusion and microvessel maturation through microvascular pericytes. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1415-1425. [PMID: 28901392 PMCID: PMC5627868 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been demonstrated to accelerate wound healing by promoting angiogenesis. However, whether blood flow perfusion is regulated by microvessel maturation and pericytes following NPWT remains unclear, as well as the exact association between pericytes and collagen type IV. The aim of this study was to investigate the relevant association between blood flow perfusion and microvessel maturation and pericytes following NPWT, and to further explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. We also aimed to investigate the association between pericytes and collagen type IV. For this purpose, we created a rat model of diabetic wounds and microvascular blood flow perfusion was detected using a laser Doppler blood perfusion imager. The expression levels of angiogenin-1, tyrosine phosphorylation of tyrosine kinase receptor-2 (Tie-2), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen type IV were detected and analyzed through immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. The results revealed that NPWT promoted the overexpression of angiogenin-1, Tie-2, α-SMA and collagen type IV, and significantly increased blood flow perfusion coupled with microvessel maturation in the NPWT group at the later stages (7–10 days) of wound healing. Our results suggested that NPWT can preferentially enhance vessel maturation and increase the number of pericytes, thus regulating blood flow perfusion. On the other hand, pericytes and collagen type IV had a mutual interaction, promoting microvessel maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjun Ma
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Zonghuan Li
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Kangquan Shou
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Chao Jian
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yahui Niu
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Baiwen Qi
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Aixi Yu
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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156
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Costa A, Naranjo JD, Londono R, Badylak SF. Biologic Scaffolds. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2017; 7:cshperspect.a025676. [PMID: 28320826 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a025676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Biologic scaffold materials composed of allogeneic or xenogeneic extracellular matrix are commonly used for the repair and functional reconstruction of injured and missing tissues. These naturally occurring bioscaffolds are manufactured by the removal of the cellular content from source tissues while preserving the structural and functional molecular units of the remaining extracellular matrix (ECM). The mechanisms by which these bioscaffolds facilitate constructive remodeling and favorable clinical outcomes include release or creation of effector molecules that recruit endogenous stem/progenitor cells to the site of scaffold placement and modulation of the innate immune response, specifically the activation of an anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotype. The methods by which ECM biologic scaffolds are prepared, the current understanding of in vivo scaffold remodeling, and the associated clinical outcomes are discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Costa
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
| | - Juan Diego Naranjo
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
| | - Ricardo Londono
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219.,School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
| | - Stephen F Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
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157
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Yao Y, Voillet V, Jegou M, SanCristobal M, Dou S, Romé V, Lippi Y, Billon Y, Père MC, Boudry G, Gress L, Iannucelli N, Mormède P, Quesnel H, Canario L, Liaubet L, Le Huërou-Luron I. Comparing the intestinal transcriptome of Meishan and Large White piglets during late fetal development reveals genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism and immunity as valuable clues of intestinal maturity. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:647. [PMID: 28830381 PMCID: PMC5568345 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maturity of intestinal functions is critical for neonatal health and survival, but comprehensive description of mechanisms underlying intestinal maturation that occur during late gestation still remain poorly characterized. The aim of this study was to investigate biological processes specifically involved in intestinal maturation by comparing fetal jejunal transcriptomes of two representative porcine breeds (Large White, LW; Meishan, MS) with contrasting neonatal vitality and maturity, at two key time points during late gestation (gestational days 90 and 110). MS and LW sows inseminated with mixed semen (from breed LW and MS) gave birth to both purebred and crossbred fetuses. We hypothesized that part of the differences in neonatal maturity between the two breeds results from distinct developmental profiles of the fetal intestine during late gestation. Reciprocal crossed fetuses were used to analyze the effect of parental genome. Transcriptomic data and 23 phenotypic variables known to be associated with maturity trait were integrated using multivariate analysis with expectation of identifying relevant genes-phenotypic variable relationships involved in intestinal maturation. Results A moderate maternal genotype effect, but no paternal genotype effect, was observed on offspring intestinal maturation. Four hundred and four differentially expressed probes, corresponding to 274 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), more specifically involved in the maturation process were further studied. In day 110-MS fetuses, Ingenuity® functional enrichment analysis revealed that 46% of DEGs were involved in glucose and lipid metabolism, cell proliferation, vasculogenesis and hormone synthesis compared to day 90-MS fetuses. Expression of genes involved in immune pathways including phagocytosis, inflammation and defense processes was changed in day 110-LW compared to day 90-LW fetuses (corresponding to 13% of DEGs). The transcriptional regulator PPARGC1A was predicted to be an important regulator of differentially expressed genes in MS. Fetal blood fructose level, intestinal lactase activity and villous height were the best predicted phenotypic variables with probes mostly involved in lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and cellular movement biological pathways. Conclusions Collectively, our findings indicate that the neonatal maturity of pig intestine may rely on functional development of glucose and lipid metabolisms, immune phagocyte differentiation and inflammatory pathways. This process may partially be governed by PPARGC1A. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-4001-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yao
- Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), INRA, INSERM, Université de Rennes 1, UBL, Rennes, Saint-Gilles, France.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Valentin Voillet
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Maeva Jegou
- Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), INRA, INSERM, Université de Rennes 1, UBL, Rennes, Saint-Gilles, France
| | - Magali SanCristobal
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Samir Dou
- PEGASE, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Saint-Gilles, France
| | - Véronique Romé
- Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), INRA, INSERM, Université de Rennes 1, UBL, Rennes, Saint-Gilles, France
| | - Yannick Lippi
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Gaëlle Boudry
- Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), INRA, INSERM, Université de Rennes 1, UBL, Rennes, Saint-Gilles, France
| | - Laure Gress
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Nathalie Iannucelli
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Pierre Mormède
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | | | - Laurianne Canario
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Laurence Liaubet
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Isabelle Le Huërou-Luron
- Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), INRA, INSERM, Université de Rennes 1, UBL, Rennes, Saint-Gilles, France.
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158
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Iqbal F, Szaraz P, Librach M, Gauthier-Fisher A, Librach CL. Angiogenic potency evaluation of cell therapy candidates by a novel application of the in vitro aortic ring assay. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:184. [PMID: 28807010 PMCID: PMC5557530 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0631-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Due to limitations of current angiogenesis assays, we aimed to develop a novel application of the rat aortic ring assay to assess the angiogenic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). First-trimester human umbilical cord-derived perivascular cells (FTM HUCPVCs) have multipotent characteristics and previously demonstrated angiogenic potential. We compared the effect of this young source of MSCs and adult bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) on ex vivo aortic endothelial network formation. Methods Thoracic segments of adult rat aortas were isolated, sectioned and embedded into Matrigel™. Fluorophore-labeled FTM HUCPVC lines and BMSCs (N = 3) were cocultured with developing endothelial networks (day 0). MSC integration, tube formation and endothelial network growth were monitored daily using phase-contrast and fluorescence microscopy. Quantification of endothelial networks was performed using ImageJ network analysis software on day 5 of coculture. Results FTM HUCPVCs from two umbilical cord samples migrated toward and integrated with developing aortic ring tubular networks while displaying elongated morphologies (day 1). In contrast, BMSCs did not show targeted migration and maintained spherical morphologies with limited physical interactions. Within 1 week of coculture, FTM HUCPVC lines contributed to significantly greater radial network growth and network loop formation when compared to BMSCs and untreated networks. Conclusions We have developed a novel potency assay to assess the angiogenic potential of cell therapy candidates. Favorable properties of FTM HUCPVCs over BMSCs that we observed with this assay and which merit further study include chemotaxis, affinity for developing vasculature, and physical supportive interactions contributing to the development of endothelial networks. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0631-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farwah Iqbal
- The Create Fertility Centre, 790 Bay Street, Suite 412, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1N8, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Room 3127, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Peter Szaraz
- The Create Fertility Centre, 790 Bay Street, Suite 412, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1N8, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Room 3127, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Matthew Librach
- The Create Fertility Centre, 790 Bay Street, Suite 412, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1N8, Canada
| | - Andrée Gauthier-Fisher
- The Create Fertility Centre, 790 Bay Street, Suite 412, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1N8, Canada
| | - Clifford L Librach
- The Create Fertility Centre, 790 Bay Street, Suite 412, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1N8, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, 123 Edward Street, Suite 1200, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1E2, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Room 3127, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Room 2374, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
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159
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Um Min Allah N, Berahim Z, Ahmad A, Kannan TP. Biological Interaction Between Human Gingival Fibroblasts and Vascular Endothelial Cells for Angiogenesis: A Co-culture Perspective. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 14:495-505. [PMID: 30603504 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0065-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancement in cell culture protocols, multidisciplinary research approach, and the need of clinical implication to reconstruct damaged or diseased tissues has led to the establishment of three-dimensional (3D) test systems for regeneration and repair. Regenerative therapies, including dental tissue engineering, have been pursued as a new prospect to repair and rebuild the diseased/lost oral tissues. Interactions between the different cell types, growth factors, and extracellular matrix components involved in angiogenesis are vital in the mechanisms of new vessel formation for tissue regeneration. In vitro pre-vascularization is one of the leading scopes in the tissue-engineering field. Vascularization strategies that are associated with co-culture systems have proved that there is communication between different cell types with mutual beneficial effects in vascularization and tissue regeneration in two-dimensional or 3D cultures. Endothelial cells with different cell populations, including osteoblasts, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts in a co-culture have shown their ability to advocate pre-vascularization. In this review, a co-culture perspective of human gingival fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells is discussed with the main focus on vascularization and future perspective of this model in regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasar Um Min Allah
- 1School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Zurairah Berahim
- 1School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Azlina Ahmad
- 1School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Thirumulu Ponnuraj Kannan
- 1School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia
- 2Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia
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160
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Combinatorial Extracellular Matrix Microenvironments for Probing Endothelial Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6551. [PMID: 28747756 PMCID: PMC5529516 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06986-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells are a promising cell type for enhancing angiogenesis in ischemic cardiovascular tissues. However, our understanding of microenvironmental factors that modulate the process of endothelial differentiation is limited. We examined the role of combinatorial extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins on endothelial differentiation systematically using an arrayed microscale platform. Human pluripotent stem cells were differentiated on the arrayed ECM microenvironments for 5 days. Combinatorial ECMs composed of collagen IV + heparan sulfate + laminin (CHL) or collagen IV + gelatin + heparan sulfate (CGH) demonstrated significantly higher expression of CD31, compared to single-factor ECMs. These results were corroborated by fluorescence activated cell sorting showing a 48% yield of CD31+/VE-cadherin+ cells on CHL, compared to 27% on matrigel. To elucidate the signaling mechanism, a gene expression time course revealed that VE-cadherin and FLK1 were upregulated in a dynamically similar manner as integrin subunit β3 (>50 fold). To demonstrate the functional importance of integrin β3 in promoting endothelial differentiation, the addition of neutralization antibody inhibited endothelial differentiation on CHL-modified dishes by >50%. These data suggest that optimal combinatorial ECMs enhance endothelial differentiation, compared to many single-factor ECMs, in part through an integrin β3-mediated pathway.
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161
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Peters EB. Endothelial Progenitor Cells for the Vascularization of Engineered Tissues. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2017; 24:1-24. [PMID: 28548628 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2017.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled microvasculature from cocultures of endothelial cells (ECs) and stromal cells has significantly advanced efforts to vascularize engineered tissues by enhancing perfusion rates in vivo and producing investigative platforms for microvascular morphogenesis in vitro. However, to clinically translate prevascularized constructs, the issue of EC source must be resolved. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) can be noninvasively supplied from the recipient through adult peripheral and umbilical cord blood, as well as derived from induced pluripotent stem cells, alleviating antigenicity issues. EPCs can also differentiate into all tissue endothelium, and have demonstrated potential for therapeutic vascularization. Yet, EPCs are not the standard EC choice to vascularize tissue constructs in vitro. Possible reasons include unresolved issues with EPC identity and characterization, as well as uncertainty in the selection of coculture, scaffold, and culture media combinations that promote EPC microvessel formation. This review addresses these issues through a summary of EPC vascular biology and the effects of tissue engineering design parameters upon EPC microvessel formation. Also included are perspectives to integrate EPCs with emerging technologies to produce functional, organotypic vascularized tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica B Peters
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
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162
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Abstract
Ischemic heart disease(IHD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Despite the development of continuously improving therapeutic strategies, morbidity and mortality of patients with IHD remain relatively high. Exosomes are a subpopulation of vesicles that are universally recognized as major mediators in intercellular communication. Numerous preclinical studies have shown that these tiny vesicles were protective in IHD, through such actions as alleviating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, promoting angiogenesis, inhibiting fibrosis, and facilitating cardiac regeneration. Our review focused on these beneficial exosome-mediated processes. In addition, we discuss in detail how to fully exploit the therapeutic potentials of exosomes in the field of IHD. Topics include identifying robust sources of exosomes, loading protective agents into exosomes, developing heart-specific exosomes, optimizing isolation methods, and translating the cardioprotective effects of exosomes into clinical practice. Finally, both the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing exosomes in clinical settings are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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163
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Rodriguez D, Braden BP, Boyer SW, Taketa DA, Setar L, Calhoun C, Maio AD, Langenbacher A, Valentine MT, De Tomaso AW. In vivo manipulation of the extracellular matrix induces vascular regression in a basal chordate. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1883-1893. [PMID: 28615322 PMCID: PMC5541839 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-01-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the physical role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in vascular homeostasis in the basal chordate Botryllus schlosseri, which has a large, transparent, extracorporeal vascular network encompassing an area >100 cm2 We found that the collagen cross-linking enzyme lysyl oxidase is expressed in all vascular cells and that in vivo inhibition using β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) caused a rapid, global regression of the entire network, with some vessels regressing >10 mm within 16 h. BAPN treatment changed the ultrastructure of collagen fibers in the vessel basement membrane, and the kinetics of regression were dose dependent. Pharmacological inhibition of both focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Raf also induced regression, and levels of phosphorylated FAK in vascular cells decreased during BAPN treatment and FAK inhibition but not Raf inhibition, suggesting that physical changes in the vessel ECM are detected via canonical integrin signaling pathways. Regression is driven by apoptosis and extrusion of cells through the basal lamina, which are then engulfed by blood-borne phagocytes. Extrusion and regression occurred in a coordinated manner that maintained vessel integrity, with no loss of barrier function. This suggests the presence of regulatory mechanisms linking physical changes to a homeostatic, tissue-level response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delany Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Brian P Braden
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Scott W Boyer
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Daryl A Taketa
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Leah Setar
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Chris Calhoun
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Alessandro Di Maio
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Adam Langenbacher
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Megan T Valentine
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Anthony W De Tomaso
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
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164
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Muppala S, Xiao R, Krukovets I, Verbovetsky D, Yendamuri R, Habib N, Raman P, Plow E, Stenina-Adognravi O. Thrombospondin-4 mediates TGF-β-induced angiogenesis. Oncogene 2017; 36:5189-5198. [PMID: 28481870 PMCID: PMC5589494 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
TGF-β is a multifunctional cytokine affecting many cell types and implicated in tissue remodeling processes. Due to its many functions and cell-specific effects, the consequences of TGF-β signaling are process-and stage-dependent, and it is not uncommon that TGF-β exerts distinct and sometimes opposing effects on a disease progression depending on the stage and on the pathological changes associated with the stage. The mechanisms underlying cell- and process-specific effects of TGF-β are poorly understood. We are describing a novel pathway that mediates induction of angiogenesis in response to TGF-β1. We found that in endothelial cells (EC) TSP-4, a secreted extracellular matrix (ECM) protein is upregulated in response to TGF-β1 and mediates the effects of TGF-β1 on angiogenesis. Upregulation of TSP-4 does not require the synthesis of new protein, is not caused by decreased secretion of TSP-4, and is mediated by activation of SMAD3. Using Thbs4−/− mice and TSP-4 shRNA, we found that TSP-4 mediated pro-angiogenic functions on cultured EC and angiogenesis in vivo in response to TGF-β1. We observed ~ 3-fold increases in tumor mass and levels of angiogenesis markers in animals injected with TGF-β1, and these effects did not occur in Thbs4−/− animals. Injections of an inhibitor of TGF-β1 signaling SB431542 also decreased the weights of tumors and cancer angiogenesis. Our results from in vivo angiogenesis models and cultured EC document that TSP-4 mediates upregulation of angiogenesis by TGF-β1. Upregulation of pro-angiogenic TSP-4 and selective effects of TSP-4 on EC may contribute to stimulation of tumor growth by TGF-β despite the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Muppala
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - R Xiao
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - I Krukovets
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - D Verbovetsky
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - R Yendamuri
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - N Habib
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - P Raman
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, North Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - E Plow
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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165
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Distinct effects of short- and long-term type 1 diabetes to the placental extracellular matrix and fetal development in mice. Placenta 2017; 53:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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166
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Krishnaswamy VR, Balaguru UM, Chatterjee S, Korrapati PS. Dermatopontin augments angiogenesis and modulates the expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 and integrin alpha 3 beta 1 in endothelial cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2017; 96:266-275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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167
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Friedl P, Mayor R. Tuning Collective Cell Migration by Cell-Cell Junction Regulation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a029199. [PMID: 28096261 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Collective cell migration critically depends on cell-cell interactions coupled to a dynamic actin cytoskeleton. Important cell-cell adhesion receptor systems implicated in controlling collective movements include cadherins, immunoglobulin superfamily members (L1CAM, NCAM, ALCAM), Ephrin/Eph receptors, Slit/Robo, connexins and integrins, and an adaptive array of intracellular adapter and signaling proteins. Depending on molecular composition and signaling context, cell-cell junctions adapt their shape and stability, and this gradual junction plasticity enables different types of collective cell movements such as epithelial sheet and cluster migration, branching morphogenesis and sprouting, collective network migration, as well as coordinated individual-cell migration and streaming. Thereby, plasticity of cell-cell junction composition and turnover defines the type of collective movements in epithelial, mesenchymal, neuronal, and immune cells, and defines migration coordination, anchorage, and cell dissociation. We here review cell-cell adhesion systems and their functions in different types of collective cell migration as key regulators of collective plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Friedl
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands.,David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030.,Cancer Genomics Center, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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168
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Formanowicz D, Radom M, Zawierucha P, Formanowicz P. Petri net-based approach to modeling and analysis of selected aspects of the molecular regulation of angiogenesis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173020. [PMID: 28253310 PMCID: PMC5333880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The functioning of both normal and pathological tissues depends on an adequate supply of oxygen through the blood vessels. A process called angiogenesis, in which new endothelial cells and smooth muscles interact with each other, forming new blood vessels either from the existing ones or from a primary vascular plexus, is particularly important and interesting, due to new therapeutic possibilities it offers. This is a multi-step and very complex process, so an accurate understanding of the underlying mechanisms is a significant task, especially in recent years, with the constantly increasing amount of new data that must be taken into account. A systems approach is necessary for these studies because it is not sufficient to analyze the properties of the building blocks separately and an analysis of the whole network of interactions is essential. This approach is based on building a mathematical model of the system, while the model is expressed in the formal language of a mathematical theory. Recently, the theory of Petri nets was shown to be especially promising for the modeling and analysis of biological phenomena. This analysis, based mainly on t-invariants, has led to a particularly important finding that a direct link (close connection) exist between transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), nitric oxide (NO), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1, the molecules that play a crucial roles during angiogenesis. We have shown that TGF-β1 may participate in the inhibition of angiogenesis through the upregulation of eNOS expression, which is responsible for catalyzing NO production. The results obtained in the previous studies, concerning the effects of NO on angiogenesis, have not been conclusive, and therefore, our study may contribute to a better understanding of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Formanowicz
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Radom
- Institute of Computing Science, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 2, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Zawierucha
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Świȩcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznań, Poland
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Świȩcickiego 6, 61-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Formanowicz
- Institute of Computing Science, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 2, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
- * E-mail:
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169
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Xia HF, Ren JG, Zhu JY, Yu ZL, Zhang W, Sun YF, Zhao YF, Chen G. Downregulation of miR-145 in venous malformations: Its association with disorganized vessels and sclerotherapy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 100:126-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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170
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Pan L, Liu C, Kong Y, Piao Z, Cheng B. Phentolamine inhibits angiogenesis in vitro: Suppression of proliferation migration and differentiation of human endothelial cells. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2017; 65:31-41. [PMID: 27314442 DOI: 10.3233/ch-162070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangli Pan
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Yanan Kong
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengguo Piao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biao Cheng
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Wound Treatment, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Trauma Treatment & Tissue Repair of Tropical Area, PLA, Guangzhou, China
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171
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Luo M, Tan X, Mu L, Luo Y, Li R, Deng X, Chen N, Ren M, Li Y, Wang L, Wu J, Wan Q. MiRNA-21 mediates the antiangiogenic activity of metformin through targeting PTEN and SMAD7 expression and PI3K/AKT pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43427. [PMID: 28230206 PMCID: PMC5322530 DOI: 10.1038/srep43427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin, an anti-diabetic drug commonly used for type 2 diabetes therapy, is associated with anti-angiogenic effects in conditions beyond diabetes. miR-21 has been reported to be involved in the process of angiogenesis. However, the precise regulatory mechanisms by which the metformin-induced endothelial suppression and its effects on miR-21-dependent pathways are still unclear. Bioinformatic analysis and identification of miR-21 and its targets and their effects on metformin-induced antiangiogenic activity were assessed using luciferase assays, quantitative real-time PCR, western blots, scratch assays, CCK-8 assays and tubule formation assays. In this study, miR-21 was strikingly downregulated by metformin in a time- and dose-dependent manner. miR-21 directly targeted the 3′-UTR of PTEN and SMAD7, and negatively regulated their expression. Overexpression of miR-21 abrogated the metformin-mediated inhibition of endothelial cells proliferation, migration, tubule formation and the TGF-β-induced AKT, SMAD- and ERK-dependent phosphorylations, and conversely, down-regulation of miR-21 aggravated metformin’s action and revealed significant promotion effects. Our study broadens our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of miR-21 mediating metformin-induced anti-angiogenic effects, providing important implications regarding the design of novel miRNA-based therapeutic strategies against angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Luo
- Drug Discovery Reseach Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyong Tan
- Drug Discovery Reseach Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Mu
- Affiliated TCM Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yulin Luo
- Drug Discovery Reseach Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Rong Li
- Drug Discovery Reseach Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Drug Discovery Reseach Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ni Chen
- Drug Discovery Reseach Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Meiping Ren
- Drug Discovery Reseach Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongjie Li
- Drug Discovery Reseach Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Drug Discovery Reseach Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Drug Discovery Reseach Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Qin Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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172
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Disrupting Tumor Angiogenesis and "the Hunger Games" for Breast Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1026:171-195. [PMID: 29282684 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6020-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, one of the hallmarks of cancers, has become an attractive target for cancer therapy since decades ago. It is broadly thought that upregulation of angiogenesis is involved in tumor progression and metastasis. Though tumor vessels are tortuous, disorganized, and leaky, they deliver oxygen and nutrients for tumor development. Based on this knowledge, many kinds of drugs targeting angiogenesis pathways have been developed, such as bevacizumab. However, the clinical outcomes of anti-angiogenesis therapies are moderate in metastatic breast cancer as well as in metastatic colorectal cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, even combined with traditional chemotherapy. In this chapter, the morphologic angiogenesis patterns and the key molecular pathways regulating angiogenesis are elaborated. The FDA-approved anti-angiogenesis drugs and current challenges of anti-angiogenesis therapy are described. The strategies to overcome the barriers will also be elucidated.
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173
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Zheng Z, Wan Y, Liu Y, Yang Y, Tang J, Huang W, Cheng B. Sympathetic Denervation Accelerates Wound Contraction but Inhibits Reepithelialization and Pericyte Proliferation in Diabetic Mice. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:7614685. [PMID: 29147666 PMCID: PMC5632918 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7614685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies focused on the effects of sympathetic denervation with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) on nondiabetic wounds, but the effects of 6-OHDA on diabetic wounds have not been previously reported. In this study, treated mice received intraperitoneal 6-OHDA, and control mice received intraperitoneal injections of normal saline. Full-thickness wounds were established on the backs of mice. The wounds were sectioned (four mice per group) for analysis at 2, 5, 7, 10, 14, 17, and 21 days after injury. The wound areas in the control group were larger than those in the treatment group. Histological scores for epidermal and dermal regeneration were reduced in the 6-OHDA-treated group on day 21. The mast cells (MCs) in each field decreased after sympathectomy on days 17 and 21. The expression levels of norepinephrine, epidermal growth factor (EGF), interleukin-1 beta, NG2 proteoglycan, and desmin in the treatment group were less than those in the control group. In conclusion, 6-OHDA delays reepithelialization during wound healing in diabetic mice by decreasing EGF, but increases wound contraction by reducing IL-1β levels and the number of MCs. Besides, 6-OHDA led to reduced pericyte proliferation in diabetic wounds, which might explain the vascular dysfunction after sympathetic nerve loss in diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Zheng
- The Graduate School of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wan
- The Graduate School of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yishu Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
- The Graduate School of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Yang
- The Graduate School of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbing Tang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- The Graduate School of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biao Cheng
- The Graduate School of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Graduate School of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Center of Wound Treatment, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Trauma Treatment & Tissue Repair of Tropical Area, PLA, Guangzhou, China
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174
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Zhang S, Weng T, Cheruba E, Guo T, Chan H, Sze SK, Koh CG. Phosphatase POPX2 Exhibits Dual Regulatory Functions in Cancer Metastasis. J Proteome Res 2016; 16:698-711. [PMID: 27976581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is a complex mechanism involving multiple processes. Previously, our integrative proteome, transcriptome, and phosphoproteome study reported that the levels of serine/threonine phosphatase POPX2 were positively correlated with cancer cell motility through modulating MAPK signaling. Surprisingly, here we found that POPX2 knockdown cells induced more numerous and larger tumor nodules in lungs in longer term animal studies. Interestingly, our analysis of DNA microarray data from cancer patient samples that are available in public databases shows that low POPX2 expression is linked to distant metastasis and poor survival rate. These observations suggest that lower levels of POPX2 may favor tumor progression in later stages of metastasis. We hypothesize that POPX2 may do so by modulation of angiogenesis. Secretome analysis of POPX2-knockdown MDA-MB-231 cells using LC-MS/MS-based SILAC quantitative proteomics and cytokine array show that silencing of POPX2 leads to increased secretion of exosomes, which may, in turn, induce multiple pro-angiogenic cytokines. This study, combined with our previous findings, suggests that a single ubiquitously expressed phosphatase POPX2 influences cancer metastasis via modulating multiple biological processes including MAPK signaling and exosome cytokine secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songjing Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637551.,Mechanobiology Institute , Singapore 117411
| | - Ting Weng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637551.,Mechanobiology Institute , Singapore 117411
| | | | - Tiannan Guo
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637551
| | - Hei Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637551
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637551
| | - Cheng-Gee Koh
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637551.,Mechanobiology Institute , Singapore 117411
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175
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Colladel R, Pellicani R, Andreuzzi E, Paulitti A, Tarticchio G, Todaro F, Colombatti A, Mongiat M. MULTIMERIN2 binds VEGF-A primarily via the carbohydrate chains exerting an angiostatic function and impairing tumor growth. Oncotarget 2016; 7:2022-37. [PMID: 26655500 PMCID: PMC4811514 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a key process occurring under both physiological and pathological conditions and is a hallmark of cancer. We have recently demonstrated that the extracellular matrix (ECM) molecule MULTIMERIN2 exerts an angiostatic function through the binding to VEGF-A. In this study we identify the region of the molecule responsible for the binding and demonstrate that the interaction involves the carbohydrate chains. MULTIMERIN2 interacts with other VEGF-A isoforms and VEGF family members such as VEGF-B, -C, -D and PlGF-1 suggesting that the molecule may function as a reservoir for different cytokines. In response to VEGF-A165, we show that MULTIMERIN2 impairs the phosphorylation of VEGFR2 at both Y1175 and Y1214 residues, halts SAPK2/p38 activation and negatively affects endothelial cell motility. In addition, MULTIMERIN2 and its active deletion mutant decrease the availability of the VEGFR2 receptor at the EC plasma membrane. The ectopic expression of MULTIMERIN2 or its active deletion mutant led to a striking reduction of tumor-associated angiogenesis and tumor growth. In conclusion, these data pinpoint MULTIMERIN2 as a key angiostatic molecule and disclose the possibility to develop new prognostic tools and improve the management of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Colladel
- Department of Translational Research, Experimental Oncology Division 2, CRO, Aviano, Italy
| | - Rosanna Pellicani
- Department of Translational Research, Experimental Oncology Division 2, CRO, Aviano, Italy
| | - Eva Andreuzzi
- Department of Translational Research, Experimental Oncology Division 2, CRO, Aviano, Italy
| | - Alice Paulitti
- Department of Translational Research, Experimental Oncology Division 2, CRO, Aviano, Italy
| | - Giulia Tarticchio
- Department of Translational Research, Experimental Oncology Division 2, CRO, Aviano, Italy
| | - Federico Todaro
- Department of Translational Research, Experimental Oncology Division 2, CRO, Aviano, Italy
| | - Alfonso Colombatti
- Department of Translational Research, Experimental Oncology Division 2, CRO, Aviano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mongiat
- Department of Translational Research, Experimental Oncology Division 2, CRO, Aviano, Italy
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176
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McCoy MG, Seo BR, Choi S, Fischbach C. Collagen I hydrogel microstructure and composition conjointly regulate vascular network formation. Acta Biomater 2016; 44:200-8. [PMID: 27545811 PMCID: PMC5045803 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Neovascularization is a hallmark of physiological and pathological tissue remodeling that is regulated in part by the extracellular matrix (ECM). Collagen I hydrogels or Matrigel are frequently used to study vascular network formation; however, in isolation these materials do not typically mimic the integrated effects of ECM structure and composition that may influence endothelial cells in vivo. Here, we have utilized microfabricated 3D culture models to control collagen I microstructure in the presence and absence of Matrigel and tested the effect of these variations on vascular network formation by human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMECs). Varied collagen microarchitecture was achieved by adjusting the gelation temperature and subsequently confirmed by structural analysis. Casting at colder temperature increased collagen fiber thickness and length, and inclusion of Matrigel further pronounced these differences. Interestingly, the presence of Matrigel affected vascular network formation by modulating hCMEC growth, whereas altered collagen fiber structure impacted the morphology and maturity of the developed vascular network. These differences were related to substrate-dependent changes in interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion and were functionally relevant as vascular networks preformed in more fibrillar, Matrigel-containing hydrogels promoted angiogenic sprouting. Our studies indicate that collagen hydrogel microstructure and composition conjointly regulate vascular network formation with implications for translational and basic science approaches. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Neovascularization is a hallmark of both tissue homeostasis and disease and is in part regulated by cell remodeling that occurs in the extracellular matrix (ECM). The use of bio-mimetic hydrogel cell culture systems has been used to study the effects of the ECM on cell behavior. Here, we employ a hydrogel system that enables control over both the structure and composition of the ECM and subsequently investigated the effects that these have on blood vessel dynamics. Finally, we linked these differences to changes in protein secretion and the implications that this may play in scientific translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G McCoy
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Bo Ri Seo
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Siyoung Choi
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States.
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177
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Hou L, Coller J, Natu V, Hastie TJ, Huang NF. Combinatorial extracellular matrix microenvironments promote survival and phenotype of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells in hypoxia. Acta Biomater 2016; 44:188-99. [PMID: 27498178 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Recent developments in cell therapy using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells (iPSC-ECs) hold great promise for treating ischemic cardiovascular tissues. However, poor post-transplantation viability largely limits the potential of stem cell therapy. Although the extracellular matrix (ECM) has become increasingly recognized as an important cell survival factor, conventional approaches primarily rely on single ECMs for in vivo co-delivery with cells, even though the endothelial basement membrane is comprised of a milieu of different ECMs. To address this limitation, we developed a combinatorial ECM microarray platform to simultaneously interrogate hundreds of micro-scale multi-component chemical compositions of ECMs on iPSC-EC response. After seeding iPSC-ECs onto ECM microarrays, we performed high-throughput analysis of the effects of combinatorial ECMs on iPSC-EC survival, endothelial phenotype, and nitric oxide production under conditions of hypoxia (1% O2) and reduced nutrients (1% fetal bovine serum), as is present in ischemic injury sites. Using automated image acquisition and analysis, we identified combinatorial ECMs such as collagen IV+gelatin+heparan sulfate+laminin and collagen IV+fibronectin+gelatin+heparan sulfate+laminin that significantly improved cell survival, nitric oxide production, and CD31 phenotypic expression, in comparison to single-component ECMs. These results were further validated in conventional cell culture platforms and within three-dimensional scaffolds. Furthermore, this approach revealed complex ECM interactions and non-intuitive cell behavior that otherwise could not be easily determined using conventional cell culture platforms. Together these data suggested that iPSC-EC delivery within optimal combinatorial ECMs may improve their survival and function under the condition of hypoxia with reduced nutrients. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Human endothelial cells (ECs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-ECs) are promising for treating diseases associated with reduced nutrient and oxygen supply like heart failure. However, diminished iPSC-EC survival after implantation into diseased environments limits their therapeutic potential. Since native ECs interact with numerous extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins for functional maintenance, we hypothesized that combinatorial ECMs may improve cell survival and function under conditions of reduced oxygen and nutrients. We developed a high-throughput system for simultaneous screening of iPSC-ECs cultured on multi-component ECM combinations under the condition of hypoxia and reduced serum. Using automated image acquisition and analytical algorithms, we identified combinatorial ECMs that significantly improved cell survival and function, in comparison to single ECMs. Furthermore, this approach revealed complex ECM interactions and non-intuitive cell behavior that otherwise could not be easily determined.
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178
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Improved Cryopreservation of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells: A Systematic Approach. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34393. [PMID: 27708349 PMCID: PMC5052637 DOI: 10.1038/srep34393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) facilitated their commercial availability for use in vascular biology, tissue engineering and drug delivery research; however, the key variables in HUVEC cryopreservation have not been comprehensively studied. HUVECs are typically cryopreserved by cooling at 1 °C/min in the presence of 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). We applied interrupted slow cooling (graded freezing) and interrupted rapid cooling with a hold time (two-step freezing) to identify where in the cooling process cryoinjury to HUVECs occurs. We found that linear cooling at 1 °C/min resulted in higher membrane integrities than linear cooling at 0.2 °C/min or nonlinear two-step freezing. DMSO addition procedures and compositions were also investigated. By combining hydroxyethyl starch with DMSO, HUVEC viability after cryopreservation was improved compared to measured viabilities of commercially available cryopreserved HUVECs and viabilities for HUVEC cryopreservation studies reported in the literature. Furthermore, HUVECs cryopreserved using our improved procedure showed high tube forming capability in a post-thaw angiogenesis assay, a standard indicator of endothelial cell function. As well as presenting superior cryopreservation procedures for HUVECs, the methods developed here can serve as a model to optimize the cryopreservation of other cells.
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179
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Kim JJ, Hou L, Huang NF. Vascularization of three-dimensional engineered tissues for regenerative medicine applications. Acta Biomater 2016; 41:17-26. [PMID: 27262741 PMCID: PMC4969172 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Engineering of three-dimensional (3D) tissues is a promising approach for restoring diseased or dysfunctional myocardium with a functional replacement. However, a major bottleneck in this field is the lack of efficient vascularization strategies, because tissue constructs produced in vitro require a constant flow of oxygen and nutrients to maintain viability and functionality. Compared to angiogenic cell therapy and growth factor treatment, bioengineering approaches such as spatial micropatterning, integration of sacrificial materials, tissue decellularization, and 3D bioprinting enable the generation of more precisely controllable neovessel formation. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art approaches to develop 3D tissue engineered constructs with vasculature, and demonstrate how some of these techniques have been applied towards regenerative medicine for treatment of heart failure. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Tissue engineering is a promising approach to replace or restore dysfunctional tissues/organs, but a major bottleneck in realizing its potential is the challenge of creating scalable 3D tissues. Since most 3D engineered tissues require a constant supply of nutrients, it is necessary to integrate functional vasculature within the tissues in order to facilitate the transport of nutrients. To address these needs, researchers are employing biomaterial engineering and design strategies to foster vessel formation within 3D tissues. This review highlights the state-of-the-art bioengineering tools and technologies to create vascularized 3D tissues for clinical applications in regenerative medicine, highlighting the application of these technologies to engineer vascularized cardiac patches for treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Kim
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Luqia Hou
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Ngan F Huang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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180
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Chen J, Zhang D, Li Q, Yang D, Fan Z, Ma D, Ren L. Effect of different cell sheet ECM microenvironment on the formation of vascular network. Tissue Cell 2016; 48:442-51. [PMID: 27561623 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The repair and reconstruction of large bone defects remains as a significant clinical challenge mainly due to the insufficient vascularization. The prefabrication of vascular network based on cell sheet technique brings a promising potential for sufficient vascularization due to rich extracellular matrix (ECM) of cell sheets. However, the effect of different cell sheet ECM micro-environment on the formation of a vascular network has not been well understood. Here our goal is to study the effect of different cell sheets on the formation of a vascular network. First we cultured human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) under two culture conditions to obtain osteogenic differentiated cell sheet (ODCS) and undifferentiated cell sheet (UDCS), respectively. Then the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were seeded onto the surface of the two sheets at different seeding densities to fabricate pre-vascularized cell sheets. Our results indicated that the two sheets facilitated the alignment of HUVECs and promoted the formation of vascular networks. Quantitative analysis showed that the number of networks in ODCS was higher than that in the UDCS. The ECM of the two sheets was remodeled and rearranged during the tubulogenesis process. Furthermore, results showed that the optimal seeding density of HUVECs was 5×10(4)cell/cm(2). In summary, these results suggest that the vascularized ODCS has a promising potential to construct pre-vascularized tissue for bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; Hospital of Stomatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yingchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Qin Li
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Stomatology, The First people's Hospital of Jiayuguan, Jiayuguan, Gansu, 735100, China
| | - Zengjie Fan
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Dongyang Ma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of PLA, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Liling Ren
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
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181
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Matrix metalloproteinase-13 participates in neuroprotection and neurorepair after cerebral ischemia in mice. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 91:236-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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182
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Toussaint F, Charbel C, Allen BG, Ledoux J. Vascular CaMKII: heart and brain in your arteries. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C462-78. [PMID: 27306369 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00341.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
First characterized in neuronal tissues, the multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a key signaling component in several mammalian biological systems. Its unique capacity to integrate various Ca(2+) signals into different specific outcomes is a precious asset to excitable and nonexcitable cells. Numerous studies have reported roles and mechanisms involving CaMKII in brain and heart tissues. However, corresponding functions in vascular cell types (endothelium and vascular smooth muscle cells) remained largely unexplored until recently. Investigation of the intracellular Ca(2+) dynamics, their impact on vascular cell function, the regulatory processes involved and more recently the spatially restricted oscillatory Ca(2+) signals and microdomains triggered significant interest towards proteins like CaMKII. Heteromultimerization of CaMKII isoforms (four isoforms and several splice variants) expands this kinase's peculiar capacity to decipher Ca(2+) signals and initiate specific signaling processes, and thus controlling cellular functions. The physiological functions that rely on CaMKII are unsurprisingly diverse, ranging from regulating contractile state and cellular proliferation to Ca(2+) homeostasis and cellular permeability. This review will focus on emerging evidence of CaMKII as an essential component of the vascular system, with a focus on the kinase isoform/splice variants and cellular system studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Toussaint
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal Quebec, Canada
| | - Chimène Charbel
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montreal Quebec, Canada
| | - Bruce G Allen
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal Quebec, Canada; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan Ledoux
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal Quebec, Canada; and
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183
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Markiewicz M, Panneerselvam K, Marks N. Role of Klotho in migration and proliferation of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. Microvasc Res 2016; 107:76-82. [PMID: 27260080 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the possible role of Klotho (Kl) in human microvasculature. METHODS The expression level of Kl in primary human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) and primary human dermal fibroblasts (HFb) was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction amplification (qRT-PCR), Western blot analyses and immunohistochemistry. Migration of HDMECs and HFb was examined in monolayer wound healing "scratch assay" and Transwell assay. Proliferation of these cells was examined using Cell Proliferation BrdU incorporation assay. RESULTS Our results have shown that downregulation of Kl abrogated HDMECs migration after 48h. On the other hand, migration of HFb significantly increased after blocking Kl. Lack of Kl decreased expression of genes involved in the activation of endothelial cells and enhanced expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling and organization of connective tissue. CONCLUSIONS This study for the first time provides the evidence that Kl is expressed in HDMECs and HFb. Additionally, we have demonstrated that Kl is implicated in the process of angiogenesis of human dermal microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Markiewicz
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States.
| | - Kavin Panneerselvam
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Natalia Marks
- NYP - Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States
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184
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Noda M, Vallon M, Kuo CJ. The Wnt7's Tale: A story of an orphan who finds her tie to a famous family. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:576-82. [PMID: 26934061 PMCID: PMC4970824 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The transformation suppressor gene RECK was isolated by cDNA expression cloning (1998), and GPR124/TEM5 was detected as a tumor endothelial marker by differential screening (2000). The importance of Wnt7a/b and Gpr124 in brain angiogenesis was demonstrated by reverse genetics in mice (2008–2010). A series of recent studies using genetically engineered mice and zebrafish as well as luciferase reporter assays in cultured cells led to the discovery of functional interactions among Reck, Gpr124, and Wnt7a/b in triggering canonical Wnt signaling with relevance to embryonic brain angiogenesis and blood–brain barrier formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Noda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mario Vallon
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Calvin J Kuo
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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185
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Bioglass promotes wound healing by affecting gap junction connexin 43 mediated endothelial cell behavior. Biomaterials 2016; 84:64-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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186
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Pan L, Tang J, Liu H, Cheng B. Sympathetic nerves: How do they affect angiogenesis, particularly during wound healing of soft tissues? Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2016; 62:181-91. [PMID: 26484721 DOI: 10.3233/ch-152019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangli Pan
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbing Tang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biao Cheng
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Wound Treatment, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Trauma Treatment & Tissue Repair of Tropical Area, PLA, Guangzhou, China
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187
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Hu J, Ni S, Cao Y, Zhang T, Wu T, Yin X, Lang Y, Lu H. The Angiogenic Effect of microRNA-21 Targeting TIMP3 through the Regulation of MMP2 and MMP9. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149537. [PMID: 26872030 PMCID: PMC4752282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs are a novel set of small, non-protein-coding nucleotide RNAs that negatively regulate the expression of target mRNAs. miRNA-21 is a microRNA that is highly enriched in endothelial cells. miRNA-21 has been shown to be a potential pro-angiogenic factor in some biological systems. Our previous study showed that the expression of miRNA-21 was up-regulated after spinal cord injury. However, the effect of miRNA-21 on angiogenesis in the spinal cord was unclear. In this study, to understand the role of miRNA-21 on injured endothelial cells exclusively, an oxygen and glucose deprivation model of endothelial cells was constructed, and the up-regulation of miRNA-21 was discovered in this model. An increased level of miRNA-21 by mimics promoted the survival, migration and tube formation of endothelial cells, which simultaneously inhibited tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3) expression and promoted matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) expression and secretion. A decreased level of miRNA-21 by antagomir exerted an opposite effect. As is well known, survival, migration and tube formation of endothelial cells are necessary prerequisites for angiogenesis after injury. TIMP3 was validated as a direct target of miRNA-21 by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Silencing with small interfering RNA against TIMP3 promoted tube formation and increased MMP2 and MMP9 expression at the protein level. In vivo, we found that decreased levels of miRNA-21 inhibited angiogenesis after spinal cord injury in rats using synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography. In summary, these findings suggest that miRNA-21 has a protective effect on angiogenesis by reducing cell death and promoting cell survival, migration and tube formation via partially targeting the TIMP3 by potentially regulating MMP2 and MMP9. TIMP3 is a functional target gene. Identifying the role of miRNA-21 in the protection of angiogenesis might offer a novel therapeutic target for secondary spinal cord injury, in which angiogenesis is indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China
| | - Shuangfei Ni
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China
| | - Tianding Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China
| | - Xianzhen Yin
- Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Ye Lang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Research Centre of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China
- * E-mail:
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188
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Abrams MJ, Goentoro L. Symmetrization in jellyfish: reorganization to regain function, and not lost parts. ZOOLOGY 2016; 119:1-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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189
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Sun X, Altalhi W, Nunes SS. Vascularization strategies of engineered tissues and their application in cardiac regeneration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 96:183-94. [PMID: 26056716 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The primary function of vascular networks is to transport blood and deliver oxygen and nutrients to tissues, which occurs at the interface of the microvasculature. Therefore, the formation of the vessels at the microcirculatory level, or angiogenesis, is critical for tissue regeneration and repair. Current strategies for vascularization of engineered tissues have incorporated multi-disciplinary approaches including engineered biomaterials, cells and angiogenic factors. Pre-vascularization of scaffolds composed of native matrix, synthetic polymers, or other biological materials can be achieved through the use of single cells in mono or co-culture, in combination or not with angiogenic factors or by the use of isolated vessels. The advance of these methods, together with a growing understanding of the biology behind vascularization, has facilitated the development of vascularization strategies for engineered tissues with therapeutic potential for tissue regeneration and repair. Here, we review the different cell-based strategies utilized to pre-vascularize engineered tissues and in making more complex vascularized cardiac tissues for regenerative medicine applications.
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190
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Bowers S, Norden P, Davis G. Molecular Signaling Pathways Controlling Vascular Tube Morphogenesis and Pericyte-Induced Tube Maturation in 3D Extracellular Matrices. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 77:241-80. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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191
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Critical roles for murine Reck in the regulation of vascular patterning and stabilization. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17860. [PMID: 26658478 PMCID: PMC4675993 DOI: 10.1038/srep17860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is known to play several important roles in vascular development, although the molecular mechanisms behind these remain largely unknown. RECK, a tumor suppressor downregulated in a wide variety of cancers, encodes a membrane-anchored matrix-metalloproteinase-regulator. Mice lacking functional Reck die in utero, demonstrating its importance for mammalian embryogenesis; however, the underlying causes of mid-gestation lethality remain unclear. Using Reck conditional knockout mice, we have now demonstrated that the lack of Reck in vascular mural cells is largely responsible for mid-gestation lethality. Experiments using cultured aortic explants further revealed that Reck is essential for at least two events in sprouting angiogenesis; (1) correct association of mural and endothelial tip cells to the microvessels and (2) maintenance of fibronectin matrix surrounding the vessels. These findings demonstrate the importance of appropriate cell-cell interactions and ECM maintenance for angiogenesis and the involvement of Reck as a critical regulator of these events.
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192
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Peters EB, Christoforou N, Leong KW, Truskey GA, West JL. Poly(ethylene glycol) Hydrogel Scaffolds Containing Cell-Adhesive and Protease-Sensitive Peptides Support Microvessel Formation by Endothelial Progenitor Cells. Cell Mol Bioeng 2015; 9:38-54. [PMID: 27042236 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-015-0423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of stable, functional microvessels remains an important obstacle to overcome for tissue engineered organs and treatment of ischemia. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are a promising cell source for vascular tissue engineering as they are readily obtainable and carry the potential to differentiate towards all endothelial phenotypes. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of human umbilical cord blood-derived EPCs to form vessel-like structures within a tissue engineering scaffold material, a cell-adhesive and proteolytically degradable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel. EPCs in co-culture with angiogenic mural cells were encapsulated in hydrogel scaffolds by mixing with polymeric precursors and using a mild photocrosslinking process to form hydrogels with homogeneously dispersed cells. EPCs formed 3D microvessels networks that were stable for at least 30 days in culture, without the need for supplemental angiogenic growth factors. These 3D EPC microvessels displayed aspects of physiological microvasculature with lumen formation, expression of endothelial cell proteins (connexin 32, VE-cadherin, eNOS), basement membrane formation with collagen IV and laminin, perivascular investment of PDGFR-β and α-SMA positive cells, and EPC quiescence (<1% proliferating cells) by 2 weeks of co-culture. Our findings demonstrate the development of a novel, reductionist system that is well-defined and reproducible for studying progenitor cell-driven microvessel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica B Peters
- Fitzpatrick CIEMAS Building, Room 1427, Box 90281, Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Nicolas Christoforou
- P.O. Box 127788, Khalifa University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Kam W Leong
- 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, Mail Code 8904, Columbia University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, NY 10027
| | - George A Truskey
- Fitzpatrick CIEMAS Building, Room 1427, Box 90281, Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Jennifer L West
- Fitzpatrick CIEMAS Building, Room 1427, Box 90281, Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, NC 27708
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193
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Hernández-García R, Iruela-Arispe ML, Reyes-Cruz G, Vázquez-Prado J. Endothelial RhoGEFs: A systematic analysis of their expression profiles in VEGF-stimulated and tumor endothelial cells. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 74:60-72. [PMID: 26471833 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs) integrate cell signaling inputs into morphological and functional responses. However, little is known about the endothelial repertoire of RhoGEFs and their regulation. Thus, we assessed the expression of 81 RhoGEFs (70 homologous to Dbl and 11 of the DOCK family) in endothelial cells. Further, in the case of DH-RhoGEFs, we also determined their responses to VEGF exposure in vitro and in the context of tumors. A phylogenetic analysis revealed the existence of four groups of DH-RhoGEFs and two of the DOCK family. Among them, we found that the most abundant endothelial RhoGEFs were: Tuba, FGD5, Farp1, ARHGEF17, TRIO, P-Rex1, ARHGEF15, ARHGEF11, ABR, Farp2, ARHGEF40, ALS, DOCK1, DOCK7 and DOCK6. Expression of RASGRF2 and PREX2 increased significantly in response to VEGF, but most other RhoGEFs were unaffected. Interestingly murine endothelial cells isolated from tumors showed that all four phylogenetic subgroups of DH-RhoGEFs were altered when compared to non-tumor endothelial cells. In summary, our results provide a detailed assessment of RhoGEFs expression profiles in the endothelium and set the basis to systematically address their regulation in vascular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Luisa Iruela-Arispe
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology and Molecular Biology Institute,University of California,Los Angeles, CA,USA
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194
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Investigating human vascular tube morphogenesis and maturation using endothelial cell-pericyte co-cultures and a doxycycline-inducible genetic system in 3D extracellular matrices. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1189:171-89. [PMID: 25245694 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1164-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Considerable progress has occurred toward our understanding of the molecular basis for vascular morphogenesis, maturation, and stabilization. A major reason for this progress has been the development of novel in vitro systems to investigate these processes in 3D extracellular matrices. In this chapter, we present models of human endothelial cell (EC) tube formation and EC-pericyte tube co-assembly using serum-free defined conditions in 3D collagen matrices. We utilize both human venous and arterial ECs and show that both cell types readily form tubes and induce pericyte recruitment and both ECs and pericytes work together to remodel the extracellular matrix environment by assembling the vascular basement membrane, a key step in capillary tube network maturation and stabilization. Importantly, we have shown that these events occur under serum-free defined conditions using the hematopoietic stem cell cytokines, SCF, IL-3, and SDF-1α and also including FGF-2. In contrast, the combination of VEGF and FGF-2 fails to support vascular tube morphogenesis or pericyte-induced tube maturation under the same serum-free defined conditions. Furthermore, we present novel assays whereby we have developed both human ECs and pericytes to induce specific genes using a doxycycline-regulated lentiviral system. In this manner, we can upregulate the expression of wild-type or mutant gene products at any stage of vascular morphogenesis or maturation in 3D matrices. These in vitro experimental approaches will continue to identify key molecular requirements and signaling pathways that control fundamental events in tissue vascularization under normal or pathologic conditions. Furthermore, these models will provide new insights into the development of novel disease therapeutic approaches where vascularization is an important pathogenic component and create new ways to assemble capillary tube networks with associated pericytes for tissue engineering applications.
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195
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Zeng Y, Zhang L, Hu Z. Cerebral insulin, insulin signaling pathway, and brain angiogenesis. Neurol Sci 2015; 37:9-16. [PMID: 26442674 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-015-2386-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin performs unique non-metabolic functions within the brain. Broadly speaking, two major areas of these functions are those related to brain endothelial cells and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) function, and those related to behavioral effects, like cognition in disease states (Alzheimer's disease, AD) and in health. Recent studies showed that both these functions are associated with brain angiogenesis. These findings raise interesting questions such as how they are linked to each other and whether modifying brain angiogenesis by targeting certain insulin signaling pathways could be an effective strategy to treat dementia as in AD, or even to help secure healthy longevity. The two canonical downstream pathways involved in mediating the insulin signaling pathway, the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, in the brain are supposed to be similar to those in the periphery. PI3K and MAPK pathways play important roles in angiogenesis. Both are involved in stimulating hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) in angiogenesis and could be activated by the insulin signaling pathway. This suggests that PI3K and MAPK pathways might act as cross-talk between the insulin signaling pathway and the angiogenesis pathway in brain. But the cerebral insulin, insulin signaling pathway, and the detailed mechanism in the connection of insulin signaling pathway, brain angiogenesis pathway, and healthy aging or dementias are still mostly not clear and need further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zeng
- Department of Geriatrics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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196
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Amir Levy Y, Ciaraldi TP, Mudaliar SR, Phillips SA, Henry RR. Excessive secretion of IL-8 by skeletal muscle in type 2 diabetes impairs tube growth: potential role of PI3K and the Tie2 receptor. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E22-34. [PMID: 25944879 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00513.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Reduced capillary density is a feature of skeletal muscle (SkM) in type 2 diabetes (T2D), which is associated with multiple metabolic and functional abnormalities. SkM has been identified as a secretory tissue, releasing myokines that regulate multiple processes, including vascularization. We sought to determine how myokines secreted from T2D myotubes might influence SkM angiogenesis. Conditioned media (CM) were generated by myotubes from T2D and nondiabetic (ND) subjects. Primary human endothelial cells (HUVEC) and SkM explants were exposed to CM or recombinant myokines, and tube number or capillary outgrowth was determined as well as measurement of protein expression and phosphorylation. CM from ND myotubes stimulated tube formation of HUVEC to a greater extent than T2D myotubes (T2D-CM = 100%, ND-CM = 288 ± 90% after 48 h, P < 0.05). The effects of T2D myotube CM were mediated by IL-8, not IL-15 or GROα, and were due not to cell damage but rather through regulating tube production and maintenance (response to T2D-IL-8 = 100%, response to ND-IL-8 = 263 ± 46% after 48 h, P < 0.05). A similar effect was seen in SkM explants with exposure to IL-8. The dose-dependent effect of IL-8 on tube formation was also observable in the PI3K and FAK signaling pathways and mediated at least in part by PI3K, leading to regulation of Tie2 expression. These results suggest that elevated levels of IL-8 secreted from T2D myotubes create a muscle microenvironment that supports reduced capillarization in T2D. Impaired vascularization of SkM limits the availability of substrates, including glucose and contributes to the T2D phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifat Amir Levy
- Center for Metabolic Research, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; and Departments of Medicine and
| | - Theodore P Ciaraldi
- Center for Metabolic Research, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; and Departments of Medicine and
| | - Sunder R Mudaliar
- Center for Metabolic Research, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; and Departments of Medicine and
| | - Susan A Phillips
- Center for Metabolic Research, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; and Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Robert R Henry
- Center for Metabolic Research, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; and Departments of Medicine and
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197
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The role of extracellular matrix in retinal vascular development and preretinal neovascularization. Exp Eye Res 2015; 133:30-6. [PMID: 25819452 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a central role in angiogenesis. ECM degrading enzymes breakdown the pre-existing vascular basement membrane at an early stage of angiogenesis and subsequently degrade stromal ECM as the new vessels invade into tissues. Conversely certain ECM components including collagen, fibronectin or fibrin are required for endothelial cell migration and tube morphogenesis. As the new vessels form they lay down a basement membrane that surrounds the endothelial tubes and is essential for their stability. In the rodent eye the transient expression of fibronectin and matricellular proteins plays a key role in retinal vascular development. In pathological retinal angiogenesis, such as in proliferative diabetic retinopathy, preretinal neovascularization occurs where new blood vessels invade the cortical vitreous gel and these blood vessels require vitreous collagen for their growth. The vitreous is normally anti-angiogenic and contains endogenous ECM inhibitors of angiogenesis including opticin and thombospondins, and ECM fragments such as endostatin. In preretinal neovascularization, the combined anti-angiogenic effects of these molecules are overcome by an excess of growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor-A, and new vessels grow into the vitreous with potentially blinding sequelae.
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198
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Xiao Q, Jiang Y, Liu Q, Yue J, Liu C, Zhao X, Qiao Y, Ji H, Chen J, Ge G. Minor Type IV Collagen α5 Chain Promotes Cancer Progression through Discoidin Domain Receptor-1. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005249. [PMID: 25992553 PMCID: PMC4438069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Type IV collagens (Col IV), components of basement membrane, are essential in the maintenance of tissue integrity and proper function. Alteration of Col IV is related to developmental defects and diseases, including cancer. Col IV α chains form α1α1α2, α3α4α5 and α5α5α6 protomers that further form collagen networks. Despite knowledge on the functions of major Col IV (α1α1α2), little is known whether minor Col IV (α3α4α5 and α5α5α6) plays a role in cancer. It also remains to be elucidated whether major and minor Col IV are functionally redundant. We show that minor Col IV α5 chain is indispensable in cancer development by using α5(IV)-deficient mouse model. Ablation of α5(IV) significantly impeded the development of KrasG12D-driven lung cancer without affecting major Col IV expression. Epithelial α5(IV) supports cancer cell proliferation, while endothelial α5(IV) is essential for efficient tumor angiogenesis. α5(IV), but not α1(IV), ablation impaired expression of non-integrin collagen receptor discoidin domain receptor-1 (DDR1) and downstream ERK activation in lung cancer cells and endothelial cells. Knockdown of DDR1 in lung cancer cells and endothelial cells phenocopied the cells deficient of α5(IV). Constitutively active DDR1 or MEK1 rescued the defects of α5(IV)-ablated cells. Thus, minor Col IV α5(IV) chain supports lung cancer progression via DDR1-mediated cancer cell autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms. Minor Col IV can not be functionally compensated by abundant major Col IV. Collagens, the major extracellular matrix components in most vertebrate tissues, provide cells with structural and functional support. Collagens are trimers of collagen α chains. Multiple trimers are formed by highly homologous α chains for certain types of collagens (e.g. α1α1α2, α3α4α5 and α5α5α6 heterotrimers for type IV collagen). Type IV collagens are named as major type (α1α1α2) or minor type (α3α4α5 and α5α5α6), mainly reflecting the abundance and tissue distribution, but not the importance of their biological functions. High similarity in sequence and domain structure of the α chains does not necessarily imply that major and minor type IV collagens share the same cell surface receptors and intracellular signaling pathways. In this study, we generated an α5(IV) chain deficient mouse model lacking minor type IV collagens. We found that the mutant mice have delayed development of KrasG12D-driven lung cancer without affecting major type IV collagen expression. α5(IV), but not α1(IV), ablation impaired non-integrin collagen receptor discoidin domain receptor-1 (DDR1)-ERK signaling, suggesting that major and minor type IV collagens are functionally distinct from each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiao Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuemei Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gaoxiang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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199
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Cheung JW, Jain D, McCulloch CA, Santerre JP. Pro-Angiogenic Character of Endothelial Cells and Gingival Fibroblasts Cocultures in Perfused Degradable Polyurethane Scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:1587-99. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jane W.C. Cheung
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Devika Jain
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - J. Paul Santerre
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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200
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Simons M, Alitalo K, Annex BH, Augustin HG, Beam C, Berk BC, Byzova T, Carmeliet P, Chilian W, Cooke JP, Davis GE, Eichmann A, Iruela-Arispe ML, Keshet E, Sinusas AJ, Ruhrberg C, Woo YJ, Dimmeler S. State-of-the-Art Methods for Evaluation of Angiogenesis and Tissue Vascularization: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circ Res 2015; 116:e99-132. [PMID: 25931450 DOI: 10.1161/res.0000000000000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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