151
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Pham HTT, Boger MCL, Dijkhuizen L, van Leeuwen SS. Stimulatory effects of novel glucosylated lactose derivatives GL34 on growth of selected gut bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 103:707-718. [PMID: 30406451 PMCID: PMC6373440 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9473-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previously we structurally characterized five glucosylated lactose derivatives (F1-F5) with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 3-4 (GL34), products of Lactobacillus reuteri glucansucrases, with lactose and sucrose as substrates. Here, we show that these GL34 compounds are largely resistant to the hydrolytic activities of common carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. Also, the ability of single strains of gut bacteria, bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, and commensal bacteria, to ferment the GL34 compounds was studied. Bifidobacteria clearly grew better on the GL34 mixture than lactobacilli and commensal bacteria. Lactobacilli and the commensal bacteria Escherichia coli Nissle and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron only degraded the F2 compound α-D-Glcp-(1 → 2)-[β-D-Galp-(1 → 4)-]D-Glcp, constituting around 30% w/w of GL34. Bifidobacteria digested more than one compound from the GL34 mixture, varying with the specific strain tested. Bifidobacterium adolescentis was most effective, completely degrading four of the five GL34 compounds, leaving only one minor constituent. GL34 thus represents a novel oligosaccharide mixture with (potential) synbiotic properties towards B. adolescentis, synthesized from cheap and abundantly available lactose and sucrose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien T T Pham
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Markus C L Boger
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,CarbExplore Research B.V, Zernikepark 12, 9747 AN, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sander S van Leeuwen
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
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152
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Sharma S, Tripathi P. Gut microbiome and type 2 diabetes: where we are and where to go? J Nutr Biochem 2018; 63:101-108. [PMID: 30366260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a highly prevalent metabolic disorder characterized by an imbalance in blood glucose level, altered lipid profile and high blood pressure. Genetic constituents, high-fat and high-energy dietary habits, and a sedentary lifestyle are three major factors that contribute to high risk of T2D. Several studies have reported gut microbiome dysbiosis as a factor in rapid progression of insulin resistance in T2D that accounts for about 90% of all diabetes cases worldwide. The gut microbiome dysbiosis may reshape intestinal barrier functions and host metabolic and signaling pathways, which are directly or indirectly related to the insulin resistance in T2D. Thousands of the metabolites derived from microbes interact with the epithelial, hepatic and cardiac cell receptors that modulate host physiology. Xenobiotics including dietary components, antibiotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs strongly affect the gut microbial composition and can promote dysbiosis. Any change in the gut microbiota can shift the host metabolism towards increased energy harvest during diabetes and obesity. However, the exact mechanisms behind the dynamics of gut microbes and their impact on host metabolism at the molecular level are yet to be deciphered. We reviewed the published literature for better understanding of the dynamics of gut microbiota, factors that potentially induce gut microbiome dysbiosis and their relation to the progression of T2D. Special emphasis was also given to understand the gut microbiome induced breaching of intestinal barriers and/or tight junctions and their relation to insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Sharma
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Prabhanshu Tripathi
- Centre for Human Microbial Ecology, Translational Health Science, and Technological Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Gurgaon-Faridabad Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.
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153
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The effectiveness of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 as an adjunct to macrogol in the treatment of functional constipation in children. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2018; 42:494-500. [PMID: 29650440 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Constipation is one of the most common problems among children, with a prevalence ranging from 7 to 30%. It is treated with defecation training and laxative medications. However, many patients do not respond to the standard therapy. There is, therefore, an increasing interest in probiotics for the treatment of functional constipation. STUDY DESIGN The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 as an adjunct to macrogol in the treatment of functional, intractable constipation in children. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, multicentre trial involved a group of 129 children with functional constipation who were treated with a poor effect for at least two months prior to the study. Patients were randomly assigned to one of the two groups: 1. L. reuteri DSM 17938 and macrogol or 2. macrogol and matching placebo for 8 weeks. RESULTS 121 patients completed the study. Almost all patients (119/129) increased their bowel movements in both groups (59 vs 60, ns.) and there was no statistically significant difference in the number of bowel movements per week in week 8 between the study and the placebo group (7.5±3.3 vs 6.9±2.5, respectively). Additionally, there were no significant differences between groups in the numbers of patients complaining of pain during defecation (13/47 vs 8/53), abdominal pain (19/41 vs 25/36), withholding stools (15/45 vs 13/48), passing hard stools (7/53 vs 3/58) or large stools (14/46 vs 12/49), and faecal incontinence (17/43 vs 11/50). CONCLUSION L. reuteri DSM 17938 supplementation as an additional therapy to macrogol did not have any beneficial effect on the treatment of functional constipation in children aged 3-7 years.
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154
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de Melo Pereira GV, de Oliveira Coelho B, Magalhães Júnior AI, Thomaz-Soccol V, Soccol CR. How to select a probiotic? A review and update of methods and criteria. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:2060-2076. [PMID: 30266342 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
International competition within the dairy market and increasing public awareness about the importance of functional food consumption are providing new challenges for innovation in the probiotic sector. In this context, countless references are currently dedicated to the selection and characterization of new species and more specific strains of probiotic bacteria. In general, these studies adopt basic selection criteria established by the World Health Organization (WHO), including host-associated stress resistance, epithelium adhesion ability, and antimicrobial activity. These aspects are applied to ensure that the candidate probiotic could withstand the stressful conditions of the human digestive system and exert functional proprieties. However, it cannot be assumed that these novel microbial strains are capable of offering several biological benefits attributed to probiotics. Additionally, safety-associated selection criteria, such as plasmid-associated antibiotic resistance spreading and enterotoxin production, are often neglected. This article reviews the recent developments in the processes, strategies, and methods, such as anticarcinogenic, antidepression, antianxiety, antiobesity, antidiabetic, immunostimulatory, and cholesterol-lowering assessments, to select probiotic strains with the ultimate objective of assisting future probiotic microbe evaluation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruna de Oliveira Coelho
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Vanete Thomaz-Soccol
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ricardo Soccol
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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155
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Wirth R, Kádár G, Kakuk B, Maróti G, Bagi Z, Szilágyi Á, Rákhely G, Horváth J, Kovács KL. The Planktonic Core Microbiome and Core Functions in the Cattle Rumen by Next Generation Sequencing. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2285. [PMID: 30319585 PMCID: PMC6165872 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The cow rumen harbors a great variety of diverse microbes, which form a complex, organized community. Understanding the behavior of this multifarious network is crucial in improving ruminant nutrient use efficiency. The aim of this study was to expand our knowledge by examining 10 Holstein dairy cow rumen fluid fraction whole metagenome and transcriptome datasets. DNA and mRNA sequence data, generated by Ion Torrent, was subjected to quality control and filtering before analysis for core elements. The taxonomic core microbiome consisted of 48 genera belonging to Bacteria (47) and Archaea (1). The genus Prevotella predominated the planktonic core community. Core functional groups were identified using co-occurrence analysis and resulted in 587 genes, from which 62 could be assigned to metabolic functions. Although this was a minimal functional core, it revealed key enzymes participating in various metabolic processes. A diverse and rich collection of enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and other functions were identified. Transcripts coding for enzymes active in methanogenesis made up 1% of the core functions. The genera associated with the core enzyme functions were also identified. Linking genera to functions showed that the main metabolic pathways are primarily provided by Bacteria and several genera may serve as a “back-up” team for the central functions. The key actors in most essential metabolic routes belong to the genus Prevotella. Confirming earlier studies, the genus Methanobrevibacter carries out the overwhelming majority of rumen methanogenesis and therefore methane emission mitigation seems conceivable via targeting the hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Wirth
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Balázs Kakuk
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergely Maróti
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Bagi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Árpád Szilágyi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Rákhely
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Horváth
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Szeged, Hódmezövásárhely, Hungary
| | - Kornél L Kovács
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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156
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Choe U, Li Y, Gao B, Yu L, Wang TTY, Sun J, Chen P, Liu J, Yu L. Chemical Compositions of Cold-Pressed Broccoli, Carrot, and Cucumber Seed Flours and Their in Vitro Gut Microbiota Modulatory, Anti-inflammatory, and Free Radical Scavenging Properties. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9309-9317. [PMID: 30068076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Carrot, cucumber, and broccoli seed flours were extracted with 50% acetone and evaluated for their phytochemical compositions along with their potential gut microbiota modulating, free radical scavenging, and anti-inflammatory capacities. Nine and ten compounds were detected in the broccoli and carrot seed flour extracts, with kaempferol-3- O-rutinoside and glucoraphanin as the primary component of each, respectively. All three seed flour extracts enhanced total number of gut bacteria and altered the abundance of specific bacterial phylum or genus in vitro. The broccoli seed flour extract had the greatest relative DPPH radical scavenging capacity, oxygen radical absorbing capacity, and hydroxyl radical (HO•) scavenging capacity values of 85, 634, and 270 μmol trolox equivalent (TE)/g, respectively. Carrot seed flour extract showed the greatest ABTS•+ scavenging capacity of 250 μmol TE/g. Also, three seed flour extracts suppressed LPS induced IL-1β and COX-2 mRNA expressions in J774A.1 cells. The results might be used to promote the value-added utilization of these vegetable seed flours in improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uyory Choe
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Yanfang Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Boyan Gao
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | | | | | | | - Jie Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) , Beijing 100048 , China
| | - Liangli Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
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157
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Li Y. Epigenetic Mechanisms Link Maternal Diets and Gut Microbiome to Obesity in the Offspring. Front Genet 2018; 9:342. [PMID: 30210530 PMCID: PMC6119695 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is the most important environmental factor that can influence early developmental processes through regulation of epigenetic mechanisms during pregnancy and neonatal periods. Maternal diets or nutritional compositions contribute to the establishment of the epigenetic profiles in the fetus that have a profound impact on individual susceptibility to certain diseases or disorders in the offspring later in life. Obesity is considered a global epidemic that impairs human life quality and also increases risk of development of many human diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Studies have shown that maternal nutrition status is closely associated with obesity in progenies indicating obesity has a developmental origin. Maternal diets may also impact the early establishment of the fetal and neonatal microbiome leading to specific epigenetic signatures that may potentially predispose to the development of late-life obesity. This article will review the association of different maternal dietary statuses including essential nutritional quantity and specific dietary components with gut microbiome in determining epigenetic impacts on offspring susceptibility to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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158
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Effects of Different Doses of Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on the Composition of Mice Fecal Microbiota, Especially the Bifidobacterium Composition. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10081105. [PMID: 30115879 PMCID: PMC6115998 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are a well-known class of prebiotic and are considered to selectively stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria in the gut. Previous studies focused on the growth stimulation of Bifidobacterium, but they did not further investigate the bifidobacterial composition and the specific species that were stimulated. In this study, mice were fed with FOS in different doses for four weeks and the composition of fecal microbiota, in particular Bifidobacterium, was analyzed by sequencing the V3–V4 region and the groEL gene on the MiSeq platform, respectively. In the high-dose group, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria was significantly increased, which was mainly contributed by Bifidobacterium. At the genus level, the relative abundances of Blautia and Coprococcus were also significantly increased. Through the groEL sequencing, 14 species of Bifidobacterium were identified, among which B. pseudolongum was most abundant. After FOS treatment, B. pseudolongum became almost the sole bifidobacterial species (>95%). B. pseudolongum strains were isolated and demonstrated their ability to metabolize FOS by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Therefore, we inferred that FOS significantly stimulated the growth of B. pseudolongum in mice. Further investigations are needed to reveal the mechanism of selectiveness between FOS and B. pseudolongum, which would aid our understanding of the basic principles between dietary carbohydrates and host health.
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159
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Singh A, Cresci GA, Kirby DF. Proton Pump Inhibitors: Risks and Rewards and Emerging Consequences to the Gut Microbiome. Nutr Clin Pract 2018; 33:614-624. [PMID: 30071147 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been criticized for their various adverse interactions and side effects, creating a dilemma among practitioners regarding their use. Our goal is to review the proper use and possible side effects that might be caused by or associated with PPI use. Conclusions were drawn based on the evidence supporting or refuting short-term and long-term adverse events associated with PPI use. We also looked for the evidence regarding effects of PPIs on gut microbiota and their overall safety profile. Although there are significant discrepancies in the current literature regarding various adverse effects associated with PPI use, current data suggest that PPI use is not associated with an increased risk of bone fractures, community-acquired pneumonia, cardiovascular events, hypocalcemia, and gastric malignancies. A mild increased risk of vitamin B12 deficiency and chronic kidney disease, and a moderate increase in the risk of rebound hypersecretion, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, and enteric infections, including Clostridium difficile, has been noted with PPI therapy. PPI's link with dementia and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is not clear and requires further investigation. When used appropriately, PPIs are safe medications and are associated with minimal side effects. A clear indication and potential short-term and long-term side effects should be considered before starting PPI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for Human Nutrition, Diegstive Disease and Survery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gail A Cresci
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for Human Nutrition, Diegstive Disease and Survery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department Gastroenterology, Pediatric Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Donald F Kirby
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for Human Nutrition, Diegstive Disease and Survery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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160
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Evaluation of the prebiotic potential of arabinoxylans extracted from wheat distillers’ dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and in-process samples. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:7577-7587. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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161
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Effects of Synbiotics among Constipated Adults in Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia-A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070824. [PMID: 29949873 PMCID: PMC6073678 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Synbiotics approach complementarily and synergistically toward the balance of gastrointestinal microbiota and improvement in bowel functions. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to examine the effects of a synbiotics supplement among constipated adults. A total of 85 constipated adults, diagnosed by Rome III criteria for functional constipation were randomised to receive either synbiotics (n = 43) or placebo (n = 42) once daily (2.5 g) in the morning for 12 weeks. Eight times of follow-up was conducted every fortnightly with treatment response based on a questionnaire that included a record of evacuation (stool frequency, stool type according to Bristol Stool Form Scale), Patients Assessment on Constipation Symptoms (PAC-SYM), and Patients Assessment on Constipation Quality of Life (PAC-QOL). There were no significant differences in stool evacuation, but defecation frequency and stool type in treatment group were improved tremendously than in placebo group. While the treatment group was reported to have higher reduction in severity of functional constipation symptoms, the differences were not statistically significant. Dietary supplementation of synbiotics in this study suggested that the combination of probiotics and prebiotics improved the functional constipation symptoms and quality of life although not significant. This was due to the high placebo effect which synbiotics failed to demonstrate benefit over the controls.
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162
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Elderman M, Hugenholtz F, Belzer C, Boekschoten M, van Beek A, de Haan B, Savelkoul H, de Vos P, Faas M. Sex and strain dependent differences in mucosal immunology and microbiota composition in mice. Biol Sex Differ 2018; 9:26. [PMID: 29914546 PMCID: PMC6006852 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-018-0186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A dysbiosis in the intestinal microbiome plays a role in the pathogenesis of several immunological diseases. These diseases often show a sex bias, suggesting sex differences in immune responses and in the intestinal microbiome. We hypothesized that sex differences in immune responses are associated with sex differences in microbiota composition. Methods Fecal microbiota composition (MITchip), mRNA expression in intestinal tissue (microarray), and immune cell populations in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were studied in male and female mice of two mouse strains (C57B1/6OlaHsd and Balb/cOlaHsd). Transcriptomics and microbiota data were combined to identify bacterial species which may potentially be related to sex-specific differences in intestinal immune related genes. Results We found clear sex differences in intestinal microbiota species, diversity, and richness in healthy mice. However, the nature of the sex effects appeared to be determined by the mouse strain as different bacterial species were enriched in males and females of the two strains. For example, Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacteroides distasonis were enriched in B6 females as compared to B6 males, while Bifidobacterium was enriched BALB/c females as compared to BALB/c males. The strain-dependent sex effects were also observed in the expression of immunological genes in the colon. We found that the abundance of various bacteria (e.g., Clostridium leptum et rel.) which were enriched in B6 females positively correlated with the expression of several genes (e.g., Il-2rb, Ccr3, and Cd80) which could be related to immunological functions, such as inflammatory responses and migration of leukocytes. The abundance of several bacteria (e.g., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii et rel. and Coprobacillus et rel.- Clostridium ramosum et rel.) which were enriched in BALB/c males positively correlated to the expression of several genes (e.g., Apoe, Il-1b, and Stat4) related to several immunological functions, such as proliferation and quantity of lymphocytes. The net result was the same, since both mouse strains showed similar sex induced differences in immune cell populations in the MLNs. Conclusions Our data suggests a correlation between microbiota and intestinal immune populations in a sex and strain-specific way. These findings may contribute to the development of more sex and genetic specific treatments for intestinal-related disorders. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13293-018-0186-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Elderman
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands. .,Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Floor Hugenholtz
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6703, WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Clara Belzer
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6703, WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Boekschoten
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research, 6703, WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Adriaan van Beek
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WD, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bart de Haan
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Huub Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WD, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marijke Faas
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
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163
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O'Riordan N, O'Callaghan J, Buttò LF, Kilcoyne M, Joshi L, Hickey RM. Bovine glycomacropeptide promotes the growth of Bifidobacterium longum ssp. infantis and modulates its gene expression. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:6730-6741. [PMID: 29803426 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bovine milk glycomacropeptide (GMP) is derived from κ-casein, with exclusively o-linked glycosylation. Glycomacropeptide promoted the growth of Bifidobacterium longum ssp. infantis in a concentration-dependent manner, and this activity was lost following periodate treatment of the GMP (GMP-P), which disables biological recognition of the conjugated oligosaccharides. Transcriptional analysis of B. longum ssp. infantis following exposure to GMP revealed a substantial response to GMP relative to bacteria treated with GMP-P, with a greater number of differentially expressed transcripts and larger fold changes versus the control. Therefore, stimulation of B. longum ssp. infantis growth by GMP is intrinsically linked to the peptide's O-linked glycosylation. The pool of differentially expressed transcripts included 2 glycoside hydrolase (family 25) genes, which were substantially upregulated following exposure to GMP, but not GMP-P. These GH25 genes were present in duplicated genomic islands that also contained genes encoding fibronectin type III binding domain proteins and numerous phage-related proteins, all of which were also upregulated. Homologs of this genomic arrangement were present in other Bifidobacterium species, which suggest it may be a conserved domain for the utilization of glycosylated peptides. This study provides insights into the molecular basis for the prebiotic effect of bovine milk GMP on B. longum ssp. infantis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N O'Riordan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61C996, Co. Cork, Ireland; Advanced Glycoscience Research Cluster, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - J O'Callaghan
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - L F Buttò
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12K8AF Cork, Ireland; Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, T12K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - M Kilcoyne
- Advanced Glycoscience Research Cluster, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - L Joshi
- Advanced Glycoscience Research Cluster, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - R M Hickey
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61C996, Co. Cork, Ireland.
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164
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Jung DH, Chung WH, Seo DH, Nam YD, Yoon S, Park CS. Complete genome sequence of Bifidobacterium choerinum FMB-1, a resistant starch-degrading bacterium. J Biotechnol 2018; 274:28-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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165
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Alhudhud M, Sadiq S, Ngo HN, Hidalgo-Cantabrana C, Ruas-Madiedo P, van Sinderen D, Humphreys PN, Laws AP. Extraction of the same novel homoglycan mixture from two different strains of Bifidobacterium animalis and three strains of Bifidobacterium breve. Benef Microbes 2018; 9:663-674. [PMID: 29695179 DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Three strains of Bifidobacterium breve (JCM 7017, JCM 7019 and JCM 2258) and two strains of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (AD011 and A1dOxR) were grown in broth cultures or on plates, and a standard exopolysaccharide extraction method was used in an attempt to recover exocellular polysaccharides. When the extracted materials were analysed by NMR it was clear that mixtures of polysaccharides were being isolated including exopolysaccharides (EPS) cell wall polysaccharides and intracellular polysaccharides. Treatment of the cell biomass from the B. breve strains, or the B. animalis subsp. lactis AD011 strain, with aqueous sodium hydroxide provided a very similar mixture of polysaccharides but without the EPS. The different polysaccharides were partially fractionated by selective precipitation from an aqueous solution upon the addition of increasing percentages of ethanol. The polysaccharides extracted from B. breve JCM 7017 grown in HBM media supplemented with glucose (or isotopically labelled D-glucose-1-13C) were characterised using 1D and 2D-NMR spectroscopy. Addition of one volume of ethanol generated a medium molecular weight glycogen (Mw=1×105 Da, yield 200 mg/l). The addition of two volumes of ethanol precipitated an intimate mixture of a low molecular weight β-(1→6)-glucan and a low molecular weight β-(1→6)-galactofuranan which could not be separated (combined yield 46 mg/l). When labelled D-glucose-1-13C was used as a carbon supplement, the label was incorporated into >95% of the anomeric carbons of each polysaccharide confirming they were being synthesised in situ. Similar 1H NMR profiles were obtained for polysaccharides recovered from the cells of B. animalis subsp. lactis AD011and A1dOxR (in combination with an EPS), B. breve JCM 7017, B. breve JCM 7019, B. breve JCM 2258 and from an EPS (-ve) mutant of B. breve 7017 (a non-EPS producer).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alhudhud
- 1 Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom
| | - S Sadiq
- 1 Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom
| | - H N Ngo
- 1 Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom
| | - C Hidalgo-Cantabrana
- 2 Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - P Ruas-Madiedo
- 2 Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - D van Sinderen
- 3 School of Microbiology & Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - P N Humphreys
- 4 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom
| | - A P Laws
- 1 Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom
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166
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Arzamasov AA, van Sinderen D, Rodionov DA. Comparative Genomics Reveals the Regulatory Complexity of Bifidobacterial Arabinose and Arabino-Oligosaccharide Utilization. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:776. [PMID: 29740413 PMCID: PMC5928203 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Bifidobacterium are common inhabitants of the human gastrointestinal tract. Previously it was shown that arabino-oligosaccharides (AOS) might act as prebiotics and stimulate the bifidobacterial growth in the gut. However, despite the rapid accumulation of genomic data, the precise mechanisms by which these sugars are utilized and associated transcription control still remain unclear. In the current study, we used a comparative genomic approach to reconstruct arabinose and AOS utilization pathways in over 40 bacterial species belonging to the Bifidobacteriaceae family. The results indicate that the gene repertoire involved in the catabolism of these sugars is highly diverse, and even phylogenetically close species may differ in their utilization capabilities. Using bioinformatics analysis we identified potential DNA-binding motifs and reconstructed putative regulons for the arabinose and AOS utilization genes in the Bifidobacteriaceae genomes. Six LacI-family transcriptional factors (named AbfR, AauR, AauU1, AauU2, BauR1 and BauR2) and a TetR-family regulator (XsaR) presumably act as local repressors for AOS utilization genes encoding various α- or β-L-arabinofuranosidases and predicted AOS transporters. The ROK-family regulator AraU and the LacI-family regulator AraQ control adjacent operons encoding putative arabinose transporters and catabolic enzymes, respectively. However, the AraQ regulator is universally present in all Bifidobacterium species including those lacking the arabinose catabolic genes araBDA, suggesting its control of other genes. Comparative genomic analyses of prospective AraQ-binding sites allowed the reconstruction of AraQ regulons and a proposed binary repression/activation mechanism. The conserved core of reconstructed AraQ regulons in bifidobacteria includes araBDA, as well as genes from the central glycolytic and fermentation pathways (pyk, eno, gap, tkt, tal, galM, ldh). The current study expands the range of genes involved in bifidobacterial arabinose/AOS utilization and demonstrates considerable variations in associated metabolic pathways and regulons. Detailed comparative and phylogenetic analyses allowed us to hypothesize how the identified reconstructed regulons evolved in bifidobacteria. Our findings may help to improve carbohydrate catabolic phenotype prediction and metabolic modeling, while it may also facilitate rational development of novel prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr A Arzamasov
- A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- APC Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Dmitry A Rodionov
- A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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167
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Zhao Y, She N, Ma Y, Wang C, Cao Z. A Description of Enzymatic Catalysis in N-Acetylhexosamine 1-Kinase: Concerted Mechanism of Two-Magnesium-Ion-Assisted GlcNAc Phosphorylation, Flexibility Behavior of Lid Motif upon Substrate Recognition, and Water-Assisted GlcNAc-1-P Release. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nai She
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiming Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaojie Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zexing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 360015, People’s Republic of China
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168
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Lever E, Scott SM, Louis P, Emery PW, Whelan K. The effect of prunes on stool output, gut transit time and gastrointestinal microbiota: A randomised controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:165-173. [PMID: 29398337 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Prunes (dried plums) are perceived to maintain healthy bowel function, however their effects on gastrointestinal (GI) function are poorly researched and potential mechanisms of action are not clear. We aimed to investigate the effect of prunes on stool output, whole gut transit time (WGTT), gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in healthy adults METHODS: We conducted a parallel group, randomised controlled trial with three treatment arms in 120 healthy adults with low fibre intakes and stool frequency of 3-6 stools/wk. Subjects were randomised to 80 g/d prunes (plus 300 ml/d water); 120 g/d prunes (plus 300 ml/d water) or control (300 ml/d water) for 4 weeks. Stool weight was the primary outcome and determined by 7-day stool collection. Secondary outcomes included stool frequency and consistency (stool diary), WGTT (radio-opaque markers), GI symptoms (diary), microbiota (quantitative PCR) and SCFA (gas liquid chromatography). Group assignment was concealed from the outcome assessors. RESULTS There were significantly greater increases in stool weight in both the 80 g/d (mean + 22.2 g/d, 95% CI -1-45.3) and 120 g/d (+32.8 g/d, 95% CI 13.9-51.7) prune groups compared with control (-0.8 g/d, 95% CI -17.2 to 15.6, P = 0.026). Stool frequency was significantly greater following 80 g/d (mean 6.8 bowel movements/wk, SD 3.8) and 120 g/d (5.6, SD 1.9) prune consumption compared with control (5.4, SD 2.1) (P = 0.023), but WGTT was unchanged. The incidence of flatulence was significantly higher after prune consumption. There were no significant differences in any of the bacteria measured, except for a greater increase in Bifidobacteria across the groups (P = 0.046). Prunes had no effect on SCFA or stool pH. CONCLUSIONS In healthy individuals with infrequent stool habits and low fibre intake, prunes significantly increased stool weight and frequency and were well tolerated. Prunes may have health benefits in populations with low stool weight. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER AND WEBSITE ISRCTN42793297 http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN42793297.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Lever
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Nutritional Sciences, London, UK
| | - S Mark Scott
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, London, UK
| | - Petra Louis
- Microbiology Group, Gut Health Theme, The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Peter W Emery
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Nutritional Sciences, London, UK
| | - Kevin Whelan
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Nutritional Sciences, London, UK.
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169
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Fischer AJ, Song Y, He Z, Haines DM, Guan LL, Steele MA. Effect of delaying colostrum feeding on passive transfer and intestinal bacterial colonization in neonatal male Holstein calves. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:3099-3109. [PMID: 29397179 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of time of first colostrum feeding on the passive transfer of IgG and on bacterial colonization in the intestine of neonatal dairy calves. Twenty-seven male Holstein calves were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments at birth: calves were fed colostrum at 45 min (0 h, n = 9), 6 h (n = 9), or 12 h after birth (n = 9). Calves were fed pooled, heat-treated colostrum (62 g of IgG/L) at their respective feeding times at 7.5% of birth body weight and fed milk replacer at 2.5% of birth body weight per meal every 6 h thereafter. Blood samples were taken every 3 h using a jugular catheter and were analyzed for determination of serum IgG by radial immunodiffusion. At 51 h after birth, calves were euthanized for collection of tissue and digesta of the distal jejunum, ileum, and colon. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to estimate the prevalence of Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., Fecalibacterium prausnitzii, Clostridium cluster XIVa, and total Escherichia coli. Delaying colostrum feeding by 6 h (35.6 ± 1.88%) and 12 h (35.1 ± 3.15%) decreased the maximum apparent efficiency of absorption of IgG compared with feeding colostrum immediately after birth (51.8 ± 4.18%) and delayed the time to maximum serum IgG concentration (24 h vs. 15 h, respectively). Moreover, 12-h calves tended to have a lower prevalence of Bifidobacterium spp. (0.12 ± 0.017%) and Lactobacillus spp. (0.07 ± 0.019%) associated with the colon mucosa compared with 0-h calves (1.24 ± 0.648% and 0.26 ± 0.075%, respectively). In addition, 6-h (0.26 ± 0.124%) and 12-h (0.49 ± 0.233%) calves had a lower prevalence of total E. coli associated with ileum mucosa compared with 0-h calves (1.20 ± 0.458%). These findings suggest that delaying colostrum feeding within 12 h of life decreases the passive transfer of IgG and may delay the colonization of bacteria in the intestine, possibly leaving the calf vulnerable to infections during the preweaning period.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Fischer
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Y Song
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Z He
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - D M Haines
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4; The Saskatoon Colostrum Co. Ltd., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7K 6A2
| | - L L Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - M A Steele
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5.
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170
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Yan S, Wei PC, Chen Q, Chen X, Wang SC, Li JR, Gao C. Functional and structural characterization of a β-glucosidase involved in saponin metabolism from intestinal bacteria. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:1349-1356. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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171
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Ozaki K, Maruo T, Kosaka H, Mori M, Mori H, Yamori Y, Toda T. The effects of fermented milk containing Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris FC on defaecation in healthy young Japanese women: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2018; 69:762-769. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1417977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Ozaki
- Research & Development Department, Fujicco Co., Ltd, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshinari Maruo
- Research & Development Department, Fujicco Co., Ltd, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hideki Kosaka
- Research & Development Department, Fujicco Co., Ltd, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mari Mori
- Institute for World Health Development, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hideki Mori
- Institute for World Health Development, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yukio Yamori
- Institute for World Health Development, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshiya Toda
- Research & Development Department, Fujicco Co., Ltd, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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172
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Sajib M, Falck P, Sardari RRR, Mathew S, Grey C, Karlsson EN, Adlercreutz P. Valorization of Brewer's spent grain to prebiotic oligosaccharide: Production, xylanase catalyzed hydrolysis, in-vitro evaluation with probiotic strains and in a batch human fecal fermentation model. J Biotechnol 2018; 268:61-70. [PMID: 29337072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Brewer's spent grain (BSG) accounts for around 85% of the solid by-products from beer production. BSG was first extracted to obtain water-soluble arabinoxylan (AX). Using subsequent alkali extraction (0.5 M KOH) it was possible to dissolve additional AX. In total, about 57% of the AX in BSG was extracted with the purity of 45-55%. After comparison of nine xylanases, Pentopan mono BG, a GH11 enzyme, was selected for hydrolysis of the extracts to oligosaccharides with minimal formation of monosaccharides. Growth of Bifidobacterium adolescentis (ATCC 15703) was promoted by the enzymatic hydrolysis to arabinoxylooligosaccharides, while Lactobacillus brevis (DSMZ 1264) utilized only unsubstituted xylooligosaccharides. Furthermore, utilization of the hydrolysates by human gut microbiota was also assessed in a batch human fecal fermentation model. Results revealed that the rates of fermentation of the BSG hydrolysates by human gut microbiota were similar to that of commercial prebiotic fructooligosaccharides, while inulin was fermented at a slower rate. In summary, a sustainable process to valorize BSG to functional food ingredients has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mursalin Sajib
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden, Sweden
| | - Peter Falck
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden, Sweden
| | - Roya R R Sardari
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden, Sweden
| | - Sindhu Mathew
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden, Sweden
| | - Carl Grey
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden, Sweden
| | - Eva Nordberg Karlsson
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden, Sweden
| | - Patrick Adlercreutz
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden, Sweden.
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173
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Wang M, Chen Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Zheng H, Ma F, Ma C, Zhang X, Lu B, Xie Z, Liao Q. The effect of probiotics and polysaccharides on the gut microbiota composition and function of weaned rats. Food Funct 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01507k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A combination of probiotics and polysaccharides may be used as a functional food to modulate the composition and function of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yongxiong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | | | - Yuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Haihui Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences(Shenzhen)
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Fangli Ma
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd
- Guangzhou
- China
| | | | - Xiaojun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Biyu Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences(Shenzhen)
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Qiongfeng Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
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174
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Inulin from Jerusalem artichoke tubers alleviates hyperlipidemia and increases abundance of bifidobacteria in the intestines of hyperlipidemic mice. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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175
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Schroeder BO, Birchenough GMH, Ståhlman M, Arike L, Johansson MEV, Hansson GC, Bäckhed F. Bifidobacteria or Fiber Protects against Diet-Induced Microbiota-Mediated Colonic Mucus Deterioration. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 23:27-40.e7. [PMID: 29276171 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diet strongly affects gut microbiota composition, and gut bacteria can influence the colonic mucus layer, a physical barrier that separates trillions of gut bacteria from the host. However, the interplay between a Western style diet (WSD), gut microbiota composition, and the intestinal mucus layer is less clear. Here we show that mice fed a WSD have an altered colonic microbiota composition that causes increased penetrability and a reduced growth rate of the inner mucus layer. Both barrier defects can be prevented by transplanting microbiota from chow-fed mice. In addition, we found that administration of Bifidobacterium longum was sufficient to restore mucus growth, whereas administration of the fiber inulin prevented increased mucus penetrability in WSD-fed mice. We hypothesize that the presence of distinct bacteria is crucial for proper mucus function. If confirmed in humans, these findings may help to better understand diseases with an affected mucus layer, such as ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern O Schroeder
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - George M H Birchenough
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcus Ståhlman
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Liisa Arike
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin E V Johansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunnar C Hansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology and Enteroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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176
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Pimentel TC, Aparecida Marcolino V, Eduardo Barão C, Jensen Klososki S, Rosset M. Minas Frescal Cheese as a Probiotic Carrier. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-54528-8_66-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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177
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Sorndech W, Tongta S, Blennow A. Slowly Digestible‐ and Non‐Digestible α‐Glucans: An Enzymatic Approach to Starch Modification and Nutritional Effects. STARCH-STARKE 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201700145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waraporn Sorndech
- School of Food Technology Institute of Agricultural Technology Suranaree University of TechnologyNakhon Ratchasima 30000Thailand
| | - Sunanta Tongta
- School of Food Technology Institute of Agricultural Technology Suranaree University of TechnologyNakhon Ratchasima 30000Thailand
| | - Andreas Blennow
- Faculty of Sciences Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg C 1871Denmark
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178
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Liu CJ, Tang XD, Yu J, Zhang HY, Li XR. Gut microbiota alterations from different Lactobacillus probiotic-fermented yoghurt treatments in slow-transit constipation. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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179
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Rossi G, Jergens A, Cerquetella M, Berardi S, Di Cicco E, Bassotti G, Pengo G, Suchodolski JS. Effects of a probiotic (SLAB51™) on clinical and histologic variables and microbiota of cats with chronic constipation/megacolon: a pilot study. Benef Microbes 2017; 9:101-110. [PMID: 29065705 DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic constipation (CC) and idiopathic megacolon (IMC) occur frequently in cats. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of a multi-strain probiotic (SLAB51™) in constipated cats (n=7) and in patients with megacolon and constipation (n=3). Ten pet cats with a diagnosis of chronic constipation, non-responsive to medical management received orally 2×1011 bacteria daily for 90 days. For microbiota analysis, selected bacterial groups were analysed by qPCR. Histological samples in megacolons were evaluated for interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), enteric neurons, and neuronal apoptosis. Biopsies were compared at baseline (T0) and after the end of treatment (T1), and with those obtained from healthy control tissues (archived material from five healthy cats). Constipated cats displayed significantly lower ICC, and cats with idiopathic megacolon had significantly more apoptotic enteric neurons than controls. After treatment with SLAB51™, significant decreases were observed for feline chronic enteropathy activity index (FCEAI) (P=0.006), faecal consistency score, and mucosal histology scores (P<0.001). In contrast, a significant increase of ICC was observed after probiotic therapy. Lactobacillus spp. and Bacteroidetes were increased significantly after treatment (comparing constipated cats before and after treatment, and control healthy cats to constipated cats after treatment), but no other differences in microbiota were found between healthy controls and constipated cats. Treatment with SLAB51™ in cats with chronic constipation and idiopathic megacolon showed significant clinical improvement after treatment, and histological parameters suggest a potential anti-inflammatory effect of SLAB51™, associated with a reduction of mucosal infiltration, and restoration of the number of interstitial cells of Cajal.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rossi
- 1 School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - A Jergens
- 2 College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011-1134, USA
| | - M Cerquetella
- 1 School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - S Berardi
- 1 School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - E Di Cicco
- 1 School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - G Bassotti
- 3 Gastroenterology & Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia Medical School, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Piazzale Menghini 1, 06156 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Pengo
- 4 Clinic 'St. Antonio', Strada Statale 415, km 38,50, 26020 Madignano (CR), Italy
| | - J S Suchodolski
- 5 Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station 4474, 77843 TX, USA
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180
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Guadamuro L, Flórez AB, Alegría Á, Vázquez L, Mayo B. Characterization of four β-glucosidases acting on isoflavone-glycosides from Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum IPLA 36007. Food Res Int 2017; 100:522-528. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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181
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Memba R, Duggan SN, Ni Chonchubhair HM, Griffin OM, Bashir Y, O'Connor DB, Murphy A, McMahon J, Volcov Y, Ryan BM, Conlon KC. The potential role of gut microbiota in pancreatic disease: A systematic review. Pancreatology 2017; 17:867-874. [PMID: 28935288 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have suggested a link between microbiota imbalance and some gastrointestinal, inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. However, the role in pancreatic diseases remain unclear. To evaluate the available evidence for pancreatic diseases, we undertook a systematic review. METHODS OVID Medline (1946-2017), EMBASE (1980-2017) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL Issue 3, 2017) were searched for studies on microbiota in pancreatic disease. We also searched the reference lists of retrieved papers, and conference proceedings. We excluded animal studies, reviews, and case reports. RESULTS A total of 2833 articles were retrieved. After screening and applying the exclusion criteria, 10 studies were included. Three studies showed lower levels of Bifidobacterium or Lactobacillus and higher levels of Enterobacteriaceae in chronic pancreatitis. Two of these studies were uncontrolled, and the third (controlled) study which compared patients with endocrine and exocrine insufficiency, reported that Bacteroidetes levels were lower in those patients without diabetes, while Bifidobacteria levels were higher in those without exocrine insufficiency. Only one study investigated acute pancreatitis, showing higher levels of Enterococcus and lower levels of Bifidobacterium versus healthy participants. There was an overall association between pancreatic cancer and lower levels of Neisseria elongate, Streptococcus mitis and higher levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Granulicatella adiacens. CONCLUSIONS Current evidence suggests a possible link between microbiota imbalance and pancreatic cancer. Regarding acute and chronic pancreatitis, data are scarce, dysbiosis appears to be present in both conditions. However, further investigation is required to confirm these findings and to explore therapeutic possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Memba
- Professorial Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland.
| | - Sinead N Duggan
- Professorial Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - Hazel M Ni Chonchubhair
- Professorial Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - Oonagh M Griffin
- Professorial Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - Yasir Bashir
- Professorial Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - Donal B O'Connor
- Professorial Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - Anne Murphy
- Tallaght Hospital Library, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jean McMahon
- Tallaght Hospital Library, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yuri Volcov
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Barbara M Ryan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - Kevin C Conlon
- Professorial Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland
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182
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Kim S, Covington A, Pamer EG. The intestinal microbiota: Antibiotics, colonization resistance, and enteric pathogens. Immunol Rev 2017; 279:90-105. [PMID: 28856737 PMCID: PMC6026851 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract hosts a diverse network of microorganisms, collectively known as the microbiota that plays an important role in health and disease. For instance, the intestinal microbiota can prevent invading microbes from colonizing the gastrointestinal tract, a phenomenon known as colonization resistance. Perturbations to the microbiota, such as antibiotic administration, can alter microbial composition and result in the loss of colonization resistance. Consequently, the host may be rendered susceptible to colonization by a pathogen. This is a particularly relevant concern in the hospital setting, where antibiotic use and antibiotic-resistant pathogen exposure are more frequent. Many nosocomial infections arise from gastrointestinal colonization. Due to their resistance to antibiotics, treatment is often very challenging. However, recent studies have demonstrated that manipulating the commensal microbiota can prevent and treat various infections in the intestine. In this review, we discuss the members of the microbiota, as well as the mechanisms, that govern colonization resistance against specific pathogens. We also review the effects of antibiotics on the microbiota, as well as the unique epidemiology of immunocompromised patients that renders them a particularly high-risk population to intestinal nosocomial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohn Kim
- Immunology Program and Infectious Disease Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - April Covington
- Immunology Program and Infectious Disease Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric G Pamer
- Immunology Program and Infectious Disease Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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183
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Fang D, Shi D, Lv L, Gu S, Wu W, Chen Y, Guo J, Li A, Hu X, Guo F, Ye J, Li Y, Li L. Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum LI09 and Bifidobacterium catenulatum LI10 attenuate D-galactosamine-induced liver injury by modifying the gut microbiota. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8770. [PMID: 28821814 PMCID: PMC5562910 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is altered in liver diseases, and several probiotics have been shown to reduce the degree of liver damage. We hypothesized that oral administration of specific Bifidobacterium strains isolated from healthy guts could attenuate liver injury. Five strains were tested in this study. Acute liver injury was induced by D-galactosamine after pretreating Sprague-Dawley rats with the Bifidobacterium strains, and liver function, liver and ileum histology, plasma cytokines, bacterial translocation and the gut microbiome were assessed. Two strains, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum LI09 and Bifidobacterium catenulatum LI10, conferred liver protection, as well as alleviated the increase in plasma M-CSF, MIP-1α and MCP-1 and bacterial translocation. They also ameliorated ileal mucosal injury and gut flora dysbiosis, especially the enrichment of the opportunistic pathogen Parasutterella and the depletion of the SCFA-producing bacteria Anaerostipes, Coprococcus and Clostridium XI. Negative correlations were found between MIP-1α / MCP-1 and Odoribacter (LI09 group) and MIP-1α / M-CSF and Flavonifractor (LI10 group). Our results indicate that the liver protection effects might be mediated through gut microbiota modification, which thus affect the host immune profile. The desirable characteristics of these two strains may enable them to serve as potential probiotics for the prevention or adjuvant treatment of liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiqiong Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Ding Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Longxian Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Silan Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Wenrui Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yanfei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xinjun Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Feifei Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jianzhong Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yating Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lanjian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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184
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Eshaghi M, Bibalan MH, Rohani M, Esghaei M, Douraghi M, Talebi M, Pourshafie MR. Bifidobacterium obtained from mother's milk and their infant stool; A comparative genotyping and antibacterial analysis. Microb Pathog 2017; 111:94-98. [PMID: 28826763 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Antibacterial activity of Bifidobacterium species has been considered as an important probiotic property for development of human gut immunity. This study was conducted to assess the genotypes and antibacterial activities of the native Bifidobacterium isolates obtained from the human's breast milk and the feces of their paired infants. Fifty-six samples from twenty-eight mothers' milk and paired infants feces were collected and cultured. Suspicious colonies were picked up and confirmed by phenotypic and molecular identifications. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) and antibacterial activity were carried out. Amongst 56 samples, 41 different Bifidobacterium species including 12 B. breve, 14 B. longum, and 15 B. bifidum were isolated. Out of which, 12 isolates including B. longum (6), B. breve (4) and B. bifidum (2) were shared between six mother-infant pairs. Only three strains of B. longum showed 100% similarity in their RAPD-PCR. No significant difference was observed in the antibacterial activity of the Bifidobacterium isolates, with the same or different RAPD-PCR profile, against the enteric bacteria. Overall, 29% of the Bifidobacteria species isolated from the mothers milk and their paired infants feces were shared. All species of Bifidobacteria showed the universal role of antipathogens activities irrespective of the host and the isolation site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Eshaghi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Rohani
- Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; National Reference Laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, Kabudar Ahang, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Esghaei
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Douraghi
- Department of Bacteriology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Talebi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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185
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Current Status of the Preharvest Application of Pro- and Prebiotics to Farm Animals to Enhance the Microbial Safety of Animal Products. Microbiol Spectr 2017; 5. [PMID: 28185614 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.pfs-0012-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The selection of microorganisms that act as probiotics and feed additives that act as prebiotics is an ongoing research effort, but a sizable range of commercial pro-, pre- and synbiotic (combining pro- and prebiotics) products are already available and being used on farms. A survey of the composition of commercial products available in the United States revealed that Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecium, and Bacillus subtilis were the three most common species in probiotic products. Of the nearly 130 probiotic products (also called direct-fed microbials) for which information was available, about 50 also contained yeasts or molds. The focus on these particular bacteria and eukaryotes is due to long-standing ideas about the benefits of such strains, research data on effectiveness primarily in laboratory or research farm settings, and regulations that dictate which microorganisms or feed additives can be administered to farm animals. Of the direct-fed microbials, only six made a claim relating to food safety or competitive exclusion of pathogens. None of the approximately 50 prebiotic products mentioned food safety in their descriptions. The remainder emphasized enhancement of animal performance such as weight gain or overall animal health. The reason why so few products carry food safety-related claims is the difficulties in establishing unambiguous cause and effect relationships between the application of such products in varied and constantly changing farm environments and improved food safety of the end product.
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186
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Lu QY, Summanen PH, Lee RP, Huang J, Henning SM, Heber D, Finegold SM, Li Z. Prebiotic Potential and Chemical Composition of Seven Culinary Spice Extracts. J Food Sci 2017; 82:1807-1813. [PMID: 28678344 PMCID: PMC5600121 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate prebiotic potential, chemical composition, and antioxidant capacity of spice extracts. Seven culinary spices including black pepper, cayenne pepper, cinnamon, ginger, Mediterranean oregano, rosemary, and turmeric were extracted with boiling water. Major chemical constituents were characterized by RP-HPLC-DAD method and antioxidant capacity was determined by measuring colorimetrically the extent to scavenge ABTS radical cations. Effects of spice extracts on the viability of 88 anaerobic and facultative isolates from intestinal microbiota were determined by using Brucella agar plates containing serial dilutions of extracts. A total of 14 phenolic compounds, a piperine, cinnamic acid, and cinnamaldehyde were identified and quantitated. Spice extracts exhibited high antioxidant capacity that correlated with the total amount of major chemicals. All spice extracts, with the exception of turmeric, enhanced the growth of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. All spices exhibited inhibitory activity against selected Ruminococcus species. Cinnamon, oregano, and rosemary were active against selected Fusobacterium strains and cinnamon, rosemary, and turmeric were active against selected Clostridium spp. Some spices displayed prebiotic-like activity by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria, suggesting their potential role in the regulation of intestinal microbiota and the enhancement of gastrointestinal health. The identification and quantification of spice-specific phytochemicals provided insight into the potential influence of these chemicals on the gut microbial communities and activities. Future research on the connections between spice-induced changes in gut microbiota and host metabolism and disease preventive effect in animal models and humans is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yi Lu
- UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | - Paula H Summanen
- Research Service, VA Medical Center West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | - Ru-Po Lee
- UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | - Jianjun Huang
- UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | - Susanne M Henning
- UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | - David Heber
- UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | - Sydney M Finegold
- Research Service, VA Medical Center West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | - Zhaoping Li
- UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
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187
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Venkateswarulu TC, Prabhakar KV, Kumar RB, Krupanidhi S. Modeling and optimization of fermentation variables for enhanced production of lactase by isolated Bacillus subtilis strain VUVD001 using artificial neural networking and response surface methodology. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:186. [PMID: 28664372 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0802-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Modeling and optimization were performed to enhance production of lactase through submerged fermentation by Bacillus subtilis VUVD001 using artificial neural networks (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM). The effect of process parameters namely temperature (°C), pH, and incubation time (h) and their combinational interactions on production was studied in shake flask culture by Box-Behnken design. The model was validated by conducting an experiment at optimized process variables which gave the maximum lactase activity of 91.32 U/ml. Compared to traditional activity, 3.48-folds improved production was obtained after RSM optimization. This study clearly shows that both RSM and ANN models provided desired predictions. However, compared with RSM (R 2 = 0.9496), the ANN model (R 2 = 0.99456) gave a better prediction for the production of lactase.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Venkateswarulu
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research University, Vadlamudi, Andhra Pradesh, 522213, India.
| | - K Vidya Prabhakar
- Department of Biotechnology, Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, 524320, India
| | - R Bharath Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research University, Vadlamudi, Andhra Pradesh, 522213, India
| | - S Krupanidhi
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research University, Vadlamudi, Andhra Pradesh, 522213, India
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188
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Venkateswarulu TC, Prabhakar KV, Kumar RB. Optimization of nutritional components of medium by response surface methodology for enhanced production of lactase. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:202. [PMID: 28667642 PMCID: PMC5493568 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactase has excellent applications in dairy industry and commercially this enzyme is produced from bacterial sources but not in high yields. In this work, the production of lactase was improved by designing of nutrient components in fermentation medium by one factor at a time. Lactose and yeast extract were selected as preferable carbon and nitrogen sources for lactase production with tryptophan and MgSO4 showing enhanced production. Statistical analysis proved to be a useful and powerful tool in developing optimum fermentation conditions. The individual and interactive role of lactose, yeast extract, magnesium sulfate, and tryptophan concentration on lactase production was examined by central composite design. Submerged fermentation with Bacillus subtilis strain VUVD001 produced lactase activity of 63.54 U/ml in optimized medium. The activity was threefold higher in comparison to an unoptimized medium. This result confirmed that the designed medium was useful for producing higher yields of lactase.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Venkateswarulu
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research University, Vadlamudi, Andhra Pradesh, 522213, India.
| | - K Vidya Prabhakar
- Department of Biotechnology, Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, 524003, India
| | - R Bharath Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research University, Vadlamudi, Andhra Pradesh, 522213, India
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189
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Lyseng-Williamson KA. Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 as a probiotic dietary supplement: a profile of its use. DRUGS & THERAPY PERSPECTIVES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40267-017-0423-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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190
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Lanigan N, Bottacini F, Casey PG, O'Connell Motherway M, van Sinderen D. Genome-Wide Search for Genes Required for Bifidobacterial Growth under Iron-Limitation. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:964. [PMID: 28620359 PMCID: PMC5449479 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria evolved over millennia in the presence of the vital micronutrient iron. Iron is involved in numerous processes within the cell and is essential for nearly all living organisms. The importance of iron to the survival of bacteria is obvious from the large variety of mechanisms by which iron may be acquired from the environment. Random mutagenesis and global gene expression profiling led to the identification of a number of genes, which are essential for Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 survival under iron-restrictive conditions. These genes encode, among others, Fe-S cluster-associated proteins, a possible ferric iron reductase, a number of cell wall-associated proteins, and various DNA replication and repair proteins. In addition, our study identified several presumed iron uptake systems which were shown to be essential for B. breve UCC2003 growth under conditions of either ferric and/or ferrous iron chelation. Of these, two gene clusters encoding putative iron-uptake systems, bfeUO and sifABCDE, were further characterised, indicating that sifABCDE is involved in ferrous iron transport, while the bfeUO-encoded transport system imports both ferrous and ferric iron. Transcription studies showed that bfeUO and sifABCDE constitute two separate transcriptional units that are induced upon dipyridyl-mediated iron limitation. In the anaerobic gastrointestinal environment ferrous iron is presumed to be of most relevance, though a mutation in the sifABCDE cluster does not affect B. breve UCC2003's ability to colonise the gut of a murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Lanigan
- APC Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, University College CorkCork, Ireland
| | - Francesca Bottacini
- APC Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, University College CorkCork, Ireland
| | - Pat G Casey
- APC Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, University College CorkCork, Ireland
| | | | - Douwe van Sinderen
- APC Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, University College CorkCork, Ireland
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191
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Sato M, Liebschner D, Yamada Y, Matsugaki N, Arakawa T, Wills SS, Hattie M, Stubbs KA, Ito T, Senda T, Ashida H, Fushinobu S. The first crystal structure of a family 129 glycoside hydrolase from a probiotic bacterium reveals critical residues and metal cofactors. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:12126-12138. [PMID: 28546425 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.777391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase from the probiotic bacterium Bifidobacterium bifidum (NagBb) belongs to the glycoside hydrolase family 129 and hydrolyzes the glycosidic bond of Tn-antigen (GalNAcα1-Ser/Thr). NagBb is involved in assimilation of O-glycans on mucin glycoproteins by B. bifidum in the human gastrointestinal tract, but its catalytic mechanism has remained elusive because of a lack of sequence homology around putative catalytic residues and of other structural information. Here we report the X-ray crystal structure of NagBb, representing the first GH129 family structure, solved by the single-wavelength anomalous dispersion method based on sulfur atoms of the native protein. We determined ligand-free, GalNAc, and inhibitor complex forms of NagBb and found that Asp-435 and Glu-478 are located in the catalytic domain at appropriate positions for direct nucleophilic attack at the anomeric carbon and proton donation for the glycosidic bond oxygen, respectively. A highly conserved Asp-330 forms a hydrogen bond with the O4 hydroxyl of GalNAc in the -1 subsite, and Trp-398 provides a stacking platform for the GalNAc pyranose ring. Interestingly, a metal ion, presumably Ca2+, is involved in the recognition of the GalNAc N-acetyl group. Mutations at Asp-435, Glu-478, Asp-330, and Trp-398 and residues involved in metal coordination (including an all-Ala quadruple mutant) significantly reduced the activity, indicating that these residues and the metal ion play important roles in substrate recognition and catalysis. Interestingly, NagBb exhibited some structural similarities to the GH101 endo-α-N-acetylgalactosaminidases, but several critical differences in substrate recognition and reaction mechanism account for the different activities of these two enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayo Sato
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Dorothee Liebschner
- Structural Biology Research Center, Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamada
- Structural Biology Research Center, Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Naohiro Matsugaki
- Structural Biology Research Center, Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Arakawa
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Siobhán S Wills
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Mitchell Hattie
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Keith A Stubbs
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Tasuku Ito
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Toshiya Senda
- Structural Biology Research Center, Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Hisashi Ashida
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, 930 Nishimitani, Kinokawa-shi, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan
| | - Shinya Fushinobu
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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192
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Li X, Sui Y, Wu Q, Xie B, Sun Z. Attenuated mTOR Signaling and Enhanced Glucose Homeostasis by Dietary Supplementation with Lotus Seedpod Oligomeric Procyanidins in Streptozotocin (STZ)-Induced Diabetic Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:3801-3810. [PMID: 28314100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the protective role of lotus seedpod oligomeric procyanidins (LSOPC) and synbiotics (Bifidobacterium Bb-12 and xylo-oligosaccharide) against high fat and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Administration of LSOPC or synbiotics had no effect on blood glucose in normal mice. Treatments with LSOPC for 12 weeks markedly reduced blood glucose, FFA, endotoxin, and GHbA1c and improved glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and insulin levels. In addition, administration of LSOPC significantly reversed the increase of mTOR and p66Shc in liver, skeletal muscle, and white adipose tissue (WAT). LSOPC significantly increased glucose uptake and glycolysis in liver, skeletal muscle, and WAT while improving heat generation in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and inhibiting gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis in liver. Furthermore, synbiotics strengthened the improving effect of LSOPC. These findings demonstrated that LSOPC and synbiotics may regulate glucose disposal in peripheral target tissues through the p66Shc-mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yong Sui
- Institute for Farm Products Processing and Nuclear-Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science , Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology , Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Bijun Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhida Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
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193
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Sidarenka A, Valentovich L, Novik G. Evaluation of probiotic potential of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis strains: an in vitro study. EUROBIOTECH JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.24190/issn2564-615x/2017/02.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Probiotic potential of two bifidobacterial strains isolated from feces of healthy adults and identified as Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis was evaluated using in vitro testing. The analyzed strains were able to ferment a broad spectrum of carbohydrates, produced bioactive exopolysaccharides, demonstrated high survival rate in model GIT conditions, under heat and oxidative stresses, inhibited growth of a wide range of pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria, and proved to be safe for biotechnological application. Based on the complex phenotypic characteristics tested, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis may be regarded as prospective probiotic cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Sidarenka
- Laboratory “Microbial Collection”, Institute of Microbiology, NAS Belarus, Minsk , Belarus
| | - Leonid Valentovich
- Laboratory “Center for Analytical and Genetic Engineering Research”, Institute of Microbiology, NAS Belarus, Minsk , Belarus
| | - Galina Novik
- Laboratory “Microbial Collection”, Institute of Microbiology, NAS Belarus, Minsk , Belarus
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194
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Shukla A, Gaur P, Aggarwal A. Effect of probiotics on clinical and immune parameters in enthesitis-related arthritis category of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 185:301-8. [PMID: 27238895 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microflora and dysbiosis as an environmental factor has been linked to the pathogenesis of enthesitis-related arthritis (JIA-ERA); thus, we performed a proof-of-concept study of probiotics to modulate the gut-flora and study the effects on immune and clinical parameters of children having JIA-ERA. Forty-six children with active JIA-ERA were randomized to placebo or probiotic therapy along with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for 12 weeks. Patients were assessed using a six-point composite disease activity index (mJSpADA) based on morning stiffness, joint count, enthesitis count, sacroiliitis/inflammatory back pain, uveitis and erythrocyte sedimentation rate/C-reactive protein (ESR/CRP). Frequencies of T helper type 1 (Th1), Th2, Th17 and regulatory T cells in blood were measured using flow cytometry. Serum cytokines interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-17, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-6 were measured by cytokine bead array using flow cytometer. The average age of 46 children (44 boys) was 15 ± 2.5 years and duration of disease was 3.5 ± 3 years. There was no significant difference in improvement in mJSpADA between the two groups (P = 0·16). Serum IL-6 levels showed a decrease (P < 0·05) in the probiotic-group. Th2 cell frequency (P < 0·05) and serum IL-10 levels (P < 0·01) showed an increase in the placebo group, but again the probiotic use did not show a significant change in immune parameters when compared to the placebo. Adverse effects among the probiotic and placebo groups were diarrhea (36 versus 45%), abdominal pain (9 versus 20%), minor infections (4·5 versus 20%) and flatulence (23 versus 15%), respectively. Thus, we can conclude that probiotic therapy in JIA-ERA children is well tolerated, but failed to show any significant immune or clinical effects over NSAID therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shukla
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - P Gaur
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - A Aggarwal
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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195
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Wang X, Yang Y, Huycke MM. Microbiome-driven carcinogenesis in colorectal cancer: Models and mechanisms. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 105:3-15. [PMID: 27810411 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer death and archetype for cancer as a genetic disease. However, the mechanisms for genetic change and their interactions with environmental risk factors have been difficult to unravel. New hypotheses, models, and methods are being used to investigate a complex web of risk factors that includes the intestinal microbiome. Recent research has clarified how the microbiome can generate genomic change in CRC. Several phenotypes among a small group of selected commensals have helped us better understand how mutations and chromosomal instability (CIN) are induced in CRC (e.g., toxin production, metabolite formation, radical generation, and immune modulation leading to a bystander effect). This review discusses recent hypotheses, models, and mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiome contributes to the initiation and progression of sporadic and colitis-associated forms of CRC. Overall, it appears the microbiome can initiate and/or promote CRC at all stages of tumorigenesis by acting as an inducer of DNA damage and CIN, regulating cell growth and death, generating epigenetic changes, and modulating host immune responses. Understanding how the microbiome interacts with other risk factors to define colorectal carcinogenesis will ultimately lead to more accurate risk prediction. A deeper understanding of CRC etiology will also help identify new targets for prevention and treatment and help accelerate the decline in mortality for this common cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA; Muchmore Laboratories for Infectious Diseases Research, Oklahoma City VA Health Care System, USA
| | - Yonghong Yang
- Gansu Province Children's Hospital, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Mark M Huycke
- Muchmore Laboratories for Infectious Diseases Research, Oklahoma City VA Health Care System, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, PO Box 26901, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73126-0901, USA.
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196
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197
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Bifidobacterium bifidum OLB6378 Simultaneously Enhances Systemic and Mucosal Humoral Immunity in Low Birth Weight Infants: A Non-Randomized Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030195. [PMID: 28245626 PMCID: PMC5372858 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotic supplementation has been part of the discussion on methods to enhance humoral immunity. Administration of Bifidobacterium bifidum OLB6378 (OLB6378) reduced the incidence of late-onset sepsis in infants. In this non-randomized study, we aimed to determine the effect of administration of live OLB6378 on infants' humoral immunity. Secondly, we tried to elucidate whether similar effects would be observed with administration of non-live OLB6378. Low birth weight (LBW) infants weighing 1500-2500 g were divided into three groups: Group N (no intervention), Group L (administered live OLB6378 concentrate), and Group H (administered non-live OLB6378 concentrate). The interventions were started within 48 h after birth and continued until six months of age. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels (IgG at one month/IgG at birth) were significantly higher in Group L than in Group N (p < 0.01). Group H exhibited significantly higher serum IgG levels (p < 0.01) at one month of age and significantly higher intestinal secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) levels (p < 0.05) at one and two months of age than Group N. No difference was observed in the mortality or morbidity between groups. Thus, OLB6378 administration in LBW infants enhanced humoral immunity, and non-live OLB6378, which is more useful as a food ingredient, showed a more marked effect than the viable bacteria.
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198
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He ZX, Ferlisi B, Eckert E, Brown HE, Aguilar A, Steele MA. Supplementing a yeast probiotic to pre-weaning Holstein calves: Feed intake, growth and fecal biomarkers of gut health. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017; 226:81-87. [PMID: 32288069 PMCID: PMC7125962 DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Efficacy of Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii (SCB) fed to calves was evaluated. SCB was supplemented in milk replacer and fed to healthy pre-weaned Holstein calves. No significant difference was observed in calf performance and health scores. No significant difference was observed in fecal biomarkers of gut health. No enteric and/or respiratory challenge was observed throughout the trial.
Diarrhea, resulting from gastrointestinal infection by pathogens, is a common cause of the high mortality and morbidity of neonatal calves. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing a yeast product in milk replacer (MR) on growth and health of calves, and on fecal populations of some targeted microorganisms related to calf health and growth (i.e., total bacteria, Escherichia coli, Clostridium cluster XIVa, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Bifidobacterium spp.). We hypothesized that feeding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae var boulardii (SCB) product would improve gastrointestinal health and growth performance of calves. Forty-two Holstein bull calves (42.6 ± 0.77 kg at birth) were randomly assigned on day 2 of age to either a control or SCB treatment. The SCB was supplemented in MR and fed at 5 g/d per head to supply 10 billion colony-forming units per day. All calves received high quality colostrum (>50 mg/mL of immunoglobulin G) during the first 24 h of life, and were fed with 8 L MR (150 g/L mixed with 40 °C water) daily from day 2–35, and 4 L daily from day 35–42. Calves were also fed calf starter ad libitum from day 7–56. Daily MR and starter offered and refused, daily fecal scores, nasal scores, ear scores, and weekly body weight of calves were recorded. Fecal samples were collected on day 7, 35 and 56 after the first feeding of that day for microbial targets analysis. Overall, there is no serious disease challenge for all the calves during the entire experimental period. No differences were observed in MR intake, starter intake, metabolizable energy (ME) intake, average daily gain, ME intake to gain ratio, fecal score, nasal score, eye score or any targeted microorganisms between treatments throughout the experiment. These results suggest that supplementing SCB in MR has no additive effects on animal growth or fecal biomarkers of gut health when calves do not show deteriorated health status.
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Key Words
- ADG, average daily gain
- BW, body weight
- Calf
- DM, dry matter
- E. coli, Escherichia coli
- Growth
- Intestinal health
- ME, metabolizable energy
- MR, milk replacer
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- SC, Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- SCB, Saccharomyces cerevisiae var boulardii
- STP, serum total protein
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae var boulardii
- xfp, xylulose-5-phosphate/fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase
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Affiliation(s)
- Z X He
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - B Ferlisi
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - E Eckert
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - H E Brown
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - A Aguilar
- Lallemand Animal Nutrition, Milwaukee, WI 53218, USA
| | - M A Steele
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
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199
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Taibi A, Singh N, Chen J, Arioli S, Guglielmetti S, Comelli EM. Time- and strain-specific downregulation of intestinal EPAS1
via miR-148a by Bifidobacterium bifidum. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amel Taibi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences; University of Toronto; ON Canada
| | - Natasha Singh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences; University of Toronto; ON Canada
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences; University of Toronto; ON Canada
| | - Stefania Arioli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences; University of Toronto; ON Canada
- Department of Food; Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS); University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Department of Food; Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS); University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - Elena M. Comelli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences; University of Toronto; ON Canada
- Centre for Child Nutrition and Health; Faculty of Medicine; University of Toronto; ON Canada
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200
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Happel AU, Jaumdally SZ, Pidwell T, Cornelius T, Jaspan HB, Froissart R, Barnabas SL, Passmore JAS. Probiotics for vaginal health in South Africa: what is on retailers' shelves? BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2017; 17:7. [PMID: 28103868 PMCID: PMC5248517 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-017-0362-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics are widely used to improve gastrointestinal (GI) health, but they may also be useful to prevent or treat gynaecological disorders, including bacterial vaginosis (BV) and candidiasis. BV prevalence is high in South Africa and is associated with increased HIV risk and pregnancy complications. We aimed to assess the availability of probiotics for vaginal health in retail stores (pharmacies, supermarkets and health stores) in two major cities in South Africa. METHODS A two-stage cluster sampling strategy was used in the Durban and Cape Town metropoles. Instructions for use, microbial composition, dose, storage and manufacturers' details were recorded. RESULTS A total of 104 unique probiotics were identified in Cape Town and Durban (66.4% manufactured locally). Cape Town had more products than Durban (94 versus 59 probiotics), although 47% were common between cities (49/104). Only four products were explicitly for vaginal health. The remainder were for GI health in adults (51.0%) or infants (17.3%). The predominant species seen overall included Lactobacillus acidophilus (53.5%), L. rhamnosus (37.6%), Bifidobacterium longum ssp. longum (35.6%) and B. animalis ssp. lactis (33.7%). Products for vaginal health contained only common GI probiotic species, with a combination of L. acidophilus/B. longum ssp. longum/B. bifidum, L. rhamnosus/L. reuteri or L. rhamnosus alone, despite L. crispatus, L. gasseri, and L. jensenii being the most common commensals found in the lower female reproductive tract. CONCLUSION This survey highlights the paucity of vaginal probiotics available in South Africa, where vaginal dysbiosis is common. Most vaginal products contained organisms other than female genital tract commensals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Ursula Happel
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Medical School, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.,UMR 5290 MIVEGEC, CNRS IRD Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Shameem Z Jaumdally
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Medical School, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.,CAPRISA DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in HIV Prevention, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tanya Pidwell
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Medical School, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.,Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tracy Cornelius
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Medical School, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Heather B Jaspan
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Medical School, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.,Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Remy Froissart
- UMR 5290 MIVEGEC, CNRS IRD Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Shaun L Barnabas
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Medical School, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.,Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jo-Ann S Passmore
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Medical School, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa. .,CAPRISA DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in HIV Prevention, Cape Town, South Africa. .,National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa.
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