151
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Hori T, Saito K, Moore R, Flake GP, Negishi M. Nuclear Receptor CAR Suppresses GADD45B-p38 MAPK Signaling to Promote Phenobarbital-induced Proliferation in Mouse Liver. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:1309-1318. [PMID: 29716964 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phenobarbital, a nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogen, induces hepatic proliferation and promotes development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rodents. Nuclear receptor constitutive active/androstane receptor (NR1I3/CAR) regulates the induction and promotion activities of phenobarbital. Here, it is demonstrated that phenobarbital treatment results in dephosphorylation of a tumor suppressor p38 MAPK in the liver of C57BL/6 and C3H/HeNCrlBR mice. The molecular mechanism entails CAR binding and inhibition of the growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible 45 beta (GADD45B)-MAPK kinase 6 (MKK6) scaffold to repress phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Phenobarbital-induced hepatocyte proliferation, as determined by BrdUrd incorporation, was significantly reduced in both male and female livers of GADD45B knockout (KO) mice compared with the wild-type mice. The phenobarbital-induced proliferation continued until 48 hours after phenobarbital injection in only the C57BL/6 males, but neither in males of GADD45B KO mice nor in females of C57BL/6 and GADD45B KO mice. Thus, these data reveal nuclear receptor CAR interacts with GADD45B to repress p38 MAPK signaling and elicit hepatocyte proliferation in male mice.Implications: This GADD45B-regulated male-predominant proliferation can be expanded as a phenobarbital promotion signal of HCC development in future studies.Visual Overview: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/16/8/1309/F1.large.jpg Mol Cancer Res; 16(8); 1309-18. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Hori
- Pharmacogenetics Section, Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Kosuke Saito
- Pharmacogenetics Section, Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Rick Moore
- Pharmacogenetics Section, Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Gordon P Flake
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Masahiko Negishi
- Pharmacogenetics Section, Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
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152
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Diethylnitrosamine Increases Proliferation in Early Stages of Hepatic Carcinogenesis in Insulin-Treated Type 1 Diabetic Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9472939. [PMID: 29850590 PMCID: PMC5937583 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9472939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induces hepatocarcinogenesis, increasing mitotic hepatocytes and leading to chronic inflammation. In addition, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is also characterized by a proinflammatory state and by requiring insulin exogenous treatment. Given the association of diabetes, insulin treatment, and cell proliferation, our specific goal was to determine whether the liver in the diabetic state presents a greater response to DEN-induced cell cycle alteration, which is essential for the malignant transformation. Male C57BL/6 mice (four-week-old) were divided into 4 groups: C, C + DEN, T1DM, and T1DM + DEN. Mice were euthanized ten weeks after DEN injection. DEN per se produced an increase in liver lipid peroxidation levels. Besides, in T1DM + DEN, we found a greater increase in the proliferation index, in comparison with C + DEN. These results are in agreement with the increased expression observed in cell cycle progression markers: cyclin D1 and E1. In addition, a proapoptotic factor, such as activated caspase-3, evidenced a decrease in T1DM + DEN, while the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and the protooncogene p53 showed a higher increase with respect to C + DEN. Overall, the results allow us to highlight a major DEN response in T1DM, which may explain in part the greater predisposition to the development of hepatocarcinoma (HCC) during the diabetic state.
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153
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Li Y, Liu M, Cui J, Yang K, Zhao L, Gong M, Wang Y, He Y, He T, Bi Y. Hepa1-6-FLuc cell line with the stable expression of firefly luciferase retains its primary properties with promising bioluminescence imaging ability. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:6203-6210. [PMID: 29616102 PMCID: PMC5876459 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Reliable animal models are required for the in vivo study of the molecular mechanisms and effects of chemotherapeutic drugs in hepatocarcinoma. In vivo tracing techniques based on firefly luciferase (FLuc) may optimize the non-invasive monitoring of experimental animals. The present study established a murine Hepa1-6-FLuc cell line that stably expressed a retrovirus-delivered FLuc protein gene. The cell morphology, proliferation, migration and invasion ability of Hepa1-6-FLuc cells were the same as that of the Hepa1-6 cells, and thus is suitable to replace Hepa1-6 cells in the construction of hepatocarcinoma animal models. No differences in subcutaneous tumor mass and its pathomorphology from implanted Hepa1-6-FLuc cells were observed compared with Hepa1-6 control tumors. Bioluminescence imaging indicated that the Luc signal of the Hepa1-6-FLuc cells was consistently strengthened with increases in tumor mass; however, the Luc signal of Hepa1-6-AdFLuc became weaker and eventually disappeared during tumor development. Therefore, compared with the transient expression by adenovirus, stable expression of the FLuc gene in Hepa1-6 cells may better reflect cell proliferation and survival in vivo, and provide a reliable source for the establishment of hepatocarcinoma models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasha Li
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Mengnan Liu
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Jiejie Cui
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Ke Yang
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhao
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Mengjia Gong
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Yun He
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Tongchuan He
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Yang Bi
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
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154
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Cordyceps cicadae NTTU 868 mycelium prevents CCl 4 -induced hepatic fibrosis in BALB/c mice via inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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155
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Gavriilidis P, Poutahidis T, Giakoustidis A, Makedou K, Angelopoulou K, Hardas A, Andreani P, Zacharioudaki A, Saridis G, Gargavanis A, Louri E, Antoniadis N, Karampela E, Psychalakis N, Michalopoulos A, Papalois A, Iliadis S, Mudan S, Azoulay D, Giakoustidis D. Targeting hepatocarcinogenesis model in C56BL6 mice with pan-aurora kinase inhibitor Danusertib. J Cancer 2018; 9:914-922. [PMID: 29581770 PMCID: PMC5868156 DOI: 10.7150/jca.22329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To elucidate the expression of Aurora kinases (AURK) and the anticancer effects of pan-aurora kinase inhibitor Danusertib in hepatocarcinogenesis model in C56Bl6 mice. Methods: Thirty mice C56Bl6 were randomly divided into Group A or control, Group B animals who underwent experimental hepatocarcinogenesis with diethylnitrosamine (DEN), and Group C animals with DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenenesis that treated with pan-aurora kinase inhibitor Danusertib. Primary antibodies for immunochistochemistry (IHC) included rabbit antibodies against Ki-67, DKK1, INCENP, cleaved caspase-3, NF-κB p65, c-Jun, β-catenin. Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (C-MET/HGFR) and Bcl-2 antagonist of cell death (BAD) serum levels were determined using a quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. Results: Inhibition of AURK reduced the number of DEN-induced liver tumours. Apoptosis and proliferation was very low in both DEN-induced and anti- AURK groups respectively. The hepatocellular adenoma cells of DEN-treated mice uniformly had ample nuclear INCENP whereas in anti- AURK markedly decreased. Expression of β-catenin, NF-kB and c-Jun did not differ in liver tumors of both AURK -depleted and non-depleted mice. Conclusions: Depletion of AURK reduced the number of DEN-induced hepatic tumours. However, their size did not differ significantly between the groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paschalis Gavriilidis
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Liver Transplant surgery, Queen Elizabeth University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, B15 1NU, UK.,Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University and Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theofilos Poutahidis
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
| | | | - Kali Makedou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
| | - Katerina Angelopoulou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
| | - Alexander Hardas
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
| | - Paola Andreani
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive et Hépatobiliaire, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris-Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | | | - George Saridis
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
| | - Athanasios Gargavanis
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University and Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Louri
- Academic Department of Surgery, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nikolaos Antoniadis
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University and Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - Antonios Michalopoulos
- Propaedeutic Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University and AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Stavros Iliadis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
| | - Satvinder Mudan
- Academic Department of Surgery, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Daniel Azoulay
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive et Hépatobiliaire, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris-Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Dimitrios Giakoustidis
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University and Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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156
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Obeid M, Khabbaz RC, Garcia KD, Schachtschneider KM, Gaba RC. Translational Animal Models for Liver Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.25259/ajir-11-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Animal models have become increasingly important in the study of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as they serve as a critical bridge between laboratory-based discoveries and human clinical trials. Developing an ideal animal model for translational use is challenging, as the perfect model must be able to reproduce human disease genetically, anatomically, physiologically, and pathologically. This brief review provides an overview of the animal models currently available for translational liver cancer research, including rodent, rabbit, non-human primate, and pig models, with a focus on their respective benefits and shortcomings. While small animal models offer a solid starting point for investigation, large animal HCC models are becoming increasingly important for translation of preclinical results to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Obeid
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois, 1740 West Taylor Street MC 931, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States
| | - Ramzy C. Khabbaz
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois, 1740 West Taylor Street MC 931, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States
| | - Kelly D. Garcia
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois, 1740 West Taylor Street MC 931, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States
| | - Kyle M. Schachtschneider
- Department of Biological Resources Laboratory, University of Illinois, 1740 West Taylor Street MC 931, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States
| | - Ron C. Gaba
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois, 1740 West Taylor Street MC 931, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States
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157
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Zhang S, Zhou K, Luo X, Li L, Tu HC, Sehgal A, Nguyen LH, Zhang Y, Gopal P, Tarlow BD, Siegwart DJ, Zhu H. The Polyploid State Plays a Tumor-Suppressive Role in the Liver. Dev Cell 2018; 44:447-459.e5. [PMID: 29429824 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Most cells in the liver are polyploid, but the functional role of polyploidy is unknown. Polyploidization occurs through cytokinesis failure and endoreduplication around the time of weaning. To interrogate polyploidy while avoiding irreversible manipulations of essential cell-cycle genes, we developed orthogonal mouse models to transiently and potently alter liver ploidy. Premature weaning, as well as knockdown of E2f8 or Anln, allowed us to toggle between diploid and polyploid states. While there was no detectable impact of ploidy alterations on liver function, metabolism, or regeneration, mice with more polyploid hepatocytes suppressed tumorigenesis and mice with more diploid hepatocytes accelerated tumorigenesis in mutagen- and high-fat-induced models. Mechanistically, the diploid state was more susceptible to Cas9-mediated tumor-suppressor loss but was similarly susceptible to MYC oncogene activation, indicating that polyploidy differentially protected the liver from distinct genomic aberrations. This suggests that polyploidy evolved in part to prevent malignant outcomes of liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Zhang
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kejin Zhou
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xin Luo
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ho-Chou Tu
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Liem H Nguyen
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Purva Gopal
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Branden D Tarlow
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Daniel J Siegwart
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hao Zhu
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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158
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Avci ME, Keskus AG, Targen S, Isilak ME, Ozturk M, Atalay RC, Adams MM, Konu O. Development of a novel zebrafish xenograft model in ache mutants using liver cancer cell lines. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1570. [PMID: 29371671 PMCID: PMC5785479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19817-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme responsible for degradation of acetylcholine, has been identified as a prognostic marker in liver cancer. Although in vivo Ache tumorigenicity assays in mouse are present, no established liver cancer xenograft model in zebrafish using an ache mutant background exists. Herein, we developed an embryonic zebrafish xenograft model using epithelial (Hep3B) and mesenchymal (SKHep1) liver cancer cell lines in wild-type and ache sb55 sibling mutant larvae after characterization of cholinesterase expression and activity in cell lines and zebrafish larvae. The comparison of fluorescent signal reflecting tumor size at 3-days post-injection (dpi) revealed an enhanced tumorigenic potential and a reduced migration capacity in cancer cells injected into homozygous ache sb55 mutants when compared with the wild-type. Increased tumor load was confirmed using an ALU based tumor DNA quantification method modified for use in genotyped xenotransplanted zebrafish embryos. Confocal microscopy using the Huh7 cells stably expressing GFP helped identify the distribution of tumor cells in larvae. Our results imply that acetylcholine accumulation in the microenvironment directly or indirectly supports tumor growth in liver cancer. Use of this model system for drug screening studies holds potential in discovering new cholinergic targets for treatment of liver cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ender Avci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (iBG-izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Ayse Gokce Keskus
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seniye Targen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Efe Isilak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
- UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ozturk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (iBG-izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Rengul Cetin Atalay
- Medical Informatics Department, Graduate School of Informatics, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Michelle M Adams
- Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
- UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozlen Konu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
- UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
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159
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Zhang J, Song K, Wang J, Li Y, Liu S, Dai C, Chen L, Wang S, Qin Z. S100A4 blockage alleviates agonistic anti-CD137 antibody-induced liver pathology without disruption of antitumor immunity. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1296996. [PMID: 29632708 PMCID: PMC5889198 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1296996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver-related autoimmune toxicities triggered by agonistic anti-CD137 antibodies have greatly limited their use in clinical applications. Here, we found that anti-CD137 monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment in mice induced the infiltration of a large number of S100A4+ macrophages into the liver. Depletion of these cells or deficiency of S100A4 decreased inflammatory cytokine profiles and drastically reduced the number of liver pathogenic CD8+ T cells. Mechanistically, soluble S100A4 directly activated the Akt pathway and specifically prolonged CD8+ T cell survival. Interestingly, one S100A4 neutralizing mAb selectively alleviated liver abnormalities but did not affect the antitumor immunity induced by anti-CD137 mAb therapy. Thus, our study presents a novel molecular link to the liver pathology induced by an immune stimulatory antibody and proposes that combinational immunotherapies targeting those pathways could potentially elicit optimal antitumor immunity with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences-University of Tokyo Joint Laboratory of Structural Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Song
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences-University of Tokyo Joint Laboratory of Structural Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yanan Li
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences-University of Tokyo Joint Laboratory of Structural Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences-University of Tokyo Joint Laboratory of Structural Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengliang Dai
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences-University of Tokyo Joint Laboratory of Structural Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lieping Chen
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shengdian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihai Qin
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences-University of Tokyo Joint Laboratory of Structural Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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160
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Lau JKC, Zhang X, Yu J. Animal Models of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases and Its Associated Liver Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1061:139-147. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-8684-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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161
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Engelholm LH, Riaz A, Serra D, Dagnæs-Hansen F, Johansen JV, Santoni-Rugiu E, Hansen SH, Niola F, Frödin M. CRISPR/Cas9 Engineering of Adult Mouse Liver Demonstrates That the Dnajb1-Prkaca Gene Fusion Is Sufficient to Induce Tumors Resembling Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2017; 153:1662-1673.e10. [PMID: 28923495 PMCID: PMC5801691 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FL-HCC) is a primary liver cancer that predominantly affects children and young adults with no underlying liver disease. A somatic, 400 Kb deletion on chromosome 19 that fuses part of the DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member B1 gene (DNAJB1) to the protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha gene (PRKACA) has been repeatedly identified in patients with FL-HCC. However, the DNAJB1-PRKACA gene fusion has not been shown to induce liver tumorigenesis. We used the CRISPR/Cas9 technique to delete in mice the syntenic region on chromosome 8 to create a Dnajb1-Prkaca fusion and monitored the mice for liver tumor development. METHODS We delivered CRISPR/Cas9 vectors designed to juxtapose exon 1 of Dnajb1 with exon 2 of Prkaca to create the Dnajb1-Prkaca gene fusion associated with FL-HCC, or control Cas9 vector, via hydrodynamic tail vein injection to livers of 8-week-old female FVB/N mice. These mice did not have any other engineered genetic alterations and were not exposed to liver toxins or carcinogens. Liver tissues were collected 14 months after delivery; genomic DNA was analyzed by PCR to detect the Dnajb1-Prkaca fusion, and tissues were characterized by histology, immunohistochemistry, RNA sequencing, and whole-exome sequencing. RESULTS Livers from 12 of the 15 mice given the vectors to induce the Dnajb1-Prkaca gene fusion, but none of the 11 mice given the control vector, developed neoplasms. The tumors contained the Dnajb1-Prkaca gene fusion and had histologic and cytologic features of human FL-HCCs: large polygonal cells with granular, eosinophilic, and mitochondria-rich cytoplasm, prominent nucleoli, and markers of hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. In comparing expression levels of genes between the mouse tumor and non-tumor liver cells, we identified changes similar to those detected in human FL-HCC, which included genes that affect cell cycle and mitosis regulation. Genomic analysis of mouse neoplasms induced by the Dnajb1-Prkaca fusion revealed a lack of mutations in genes commonly associated with liver cancers, as observed in human FL-HCC. CONCLUSIONS Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we found generation of the Dnajb1-Prkaca fusion gene in wild-type mice to be sufficient to initiate formation of tumors that have many features of human FL-HCC. Strategies to block DNAJB1-PRKACA might be developed as therapeutics for this form of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars H Engelholm
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Biocenter, Copenhagen, Denmark,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anjum Riaz
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Denise Serra
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jens V Johansen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric Santoni-Rugiu
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen H Hansen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,GI Cell Biology Research Laboratory, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francesco Niola
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Morten Frödin
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Ezhuthupurakkal PB, Ariraman S, Arumugam S, Subramaniyan N, Muthuvel SK, Kumpati P, Rajamani B, Chinnasamy T. Anticancer potential of ZnO nanoparticle-ferulic acid conjugate on Huh-7 and HepG2 cells and diethyl nitrosamine induced hepatocellular cancer on Wistar albino rat. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 14:415-428. [PMID: 29166623 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Drawbacks and limitations of recently available therapies to hepatocellular cancer (HCC) devoted the scientist to focus on emerging new strategies. ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs) based chemotherapeutics has been emanating as a promising approach to maximize therapeutic synergy facilitating the discovery of novel multitargeted combinations. In the present study we conjugated ZnONPs with ferulic acid (ZnONPs-FAC) characterized by computational, spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. In vitro anticancer potential has been evaluated by assessing cell viability, morphology, ROS generation, mitochondrial membrane permeability, comet assay, immunofluorescent staining of 8-OHdG, Ki67 and γ-H2AX, cell cycle analysis and western blot analysis and in vivo anticancer potential against DEN induced HCC was analyzed by histopathological and immunohistochemical methods. The results revealed that ZnONPs-FAC induces cell death through apoptosis and can suppress the DEN-induced HCC. Our study documents therapeutic potential of nanoparticle conjugated with phytochemicals, suggesting a new platform for combinatorial chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Subastri Ariraman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Suyavaran Arumugam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | | | | | - Premkumar Kumpati
- Cancer Genetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Bharathidasan Rajamani
- Centre for Animal Research, Training and Services, CIDRF-DBT, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth University, Puducherry, India
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Sklavos A, Poutahidis T, Giakoustidis A, Makedou K, Angelopoulou K, Hardas A, Andreani P, Zacharioudaki A, Saridis G, Goulopoulos T, Tsarea K, Karamperi M, Papadopoulos V, Papanikolaou V, Papalois A, Iliadis S, Mudan S, Azoulay D, Giakoustidis D. Effects of Wnt-1 blockade in DEN-induced hepatocellular adenomas of mice. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:1211-1219. [PMID: 29399175 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has suggested that downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may contribute to the development and growth of HCC. Consequently, elements of this pathway have begun to emerge as potential targets for improving outcomes of anti-HCC. Thus, the present study sought to examine the effects of Wnt-1 blockade using the classical diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced chemical carcinogenesis mouse model of HCC. The depletion of Wnt-1 using neutralizing antisera was done for ten consecutive days at the age of 9 months and mice were examined for the following 20 days. At that time, DEN-treated mice had multiple variably-sized hepatic cell adenomas. Anti-Wnt-1 was particularly potent in suppressing the expression of critical elements of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, such as β-catenin and Frizzled-1 receptor, however, not Dickkopf-related protein 1. This effect co-existed with the suppression of Cyclin D1, FOXM1, NF-κΒ and c-Jun commensurate with proliferation and apoptosis blockade in hepatocellular adenomas, and reduced Bcl-2 and c-Met in the serum of mice. Nonetheless, tumor size and multiplicity were found to be unaffected, suggesting that apoptosis may be equally important to proliferation in the context of counteracting DEN induced hepatocellular adenomas of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyrios Sklavos
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University and Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| | - Theofilos Poutahidis
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | | | - Kali Makedou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Katerina Angelopoulou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Alexander Hardas
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Paola Andreani
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive et Hépatobiliaire, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris-Université Paris-Est, Créteil 94000, France
| | | | - George Saridis
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Thomas Goulopoulos
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University and Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Tsarea
- Experimental and Research Center ELPEN Pharmaceuticals, Athens 19009, Greece
| | - Maria Karamperi
- Experimental and Research Center ELPEN Pharmaceuticals, Athens 19009, Greece
| | - Vassilios Papadopoulos
- Propedeutic Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University and AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Vassilios Papanikolaou
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University and Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| | - Apostolos Papalois
- Experimental and Research Center ELPEN Pharmaceuticals, Athens 19009, Greece
| | - Stavros Iliadis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Satvinder Mudan
- Academic Department of Surgery, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Daniel Azoulay
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive et Hépatobiliaire, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris-Université Paris-Est, Créteil 94000, France
| | - Dimitrios Giakoustidis
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University and Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
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Liebig M, Hassanzada A, Kämmerling M, Genz B, Vollmar B, Abshagen K. Microcirculatory disturbances and cellular changes during progression of hepatic steatosis to liver tumors. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 243:1-12. [PMID: 29065724 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217738730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is closely associated with metabolic syndrome and comprises a pathological spectrum of liver disease ranging from steatosis to steatohepatitis and can progress to fibrosis/cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In 2013, a mouse model was described that mimics non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression from steatohepatitis to tumors in a short time span and with high incidence. As microcirculatory disturbances play a crucial role in liver disease, the suitability of the steatosis-inflammation-tumor model for microcirculatory studies was assessed. Herein, we present a comprehensive view on morphological, microvascular, cellular, and functional aspects of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression in the steatosis-inflammation-tumor model using intravital microscopy, biochemical, and histological techniques. Mice develop steatohepatitis, mild fibrosis, and liver tumors at ages of 6, 12, and 20 weeks, respectively. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression was accompanied by several general aspects of disease severity like increasing liver/body weight index, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score, and hepatocellular apoptosis. Intravital microscopic analysis revealed significant changes in hepatic microcirculation with increasing structural alterations, elevated leukocyte adherence, and impaired nutritive perfusion. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was further characterized by a lower sinusoidal density with a striking rise at 20 weeks. The characteristic microcirculatory changes make the model a convenient tool for analysis of microcirculation during progression from steatosis to liver tumor. Impact statement Significant alterations of microcirculation contribute to progression of NAFLD, a chronic liver disease with increasing medical and socio-economic impact. Characterization of microcirculation in a NAFLD model reflecting all relevant stages of disease progression was still missing. Thus, we evaluated microcirculatory and cellular changes in a steatosis-inflammation-tumor model using in vivo microscopy. Analyses revealed increasing structural alterations, elevated leukocyte-endothelial interaction, and impaired nutritive perfusion. Thus, this model is suitable for further studies investigating therapeutic approaches targeting these progressive microcirculatory disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Liebig
- 1 Institute for Experimental Surgery, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock 18057, Germany
| | - Alireza Hassanzada
- 1 Institute for Experimental Surgery, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock 18057, Germany
| | - Malte Kämmerling
- 1 Institute for Experimental Surgery, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock 18057, Germany
| | - Berit Genz
- 1 Institute for Experimental Surgery, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock 18057, Germany.,2 QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- 1 Institute for Experimental Surgery, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock 18057, Germany
| | - Kerstin Abshagen
- 1 Institute for Experimental Surgery, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock 18057, Germany
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Keshari AK, Singh AK, Kumar U, Raj V, Rai A, Kumar P, Kumar D, Maity B, Nath S, Prakash A, Saha S. 5H-benzo[h]thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolines ameliorate NDEA-induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis in rats through IL-6 downregulation along with oxidative and metabolic stress reduction. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:2981-2995. [PMID: 29075102 PMCID: PMC5648320 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s143075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
5H-benzo[h]thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazoline scaffold is known to have an antitumor effect on certain types of malignancies; however, its effect on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Previously, we reported p-toluenesulfonic acid-promoted syntheses, molecular modeling and in vitro antitumor activity of 5H-benzo[h]thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazoline against human hepatoma (Hep-G2) cells where compounds 4A and 6A were found to be potent inhibitors among the series. In continuation to our previous effort to develop novel therapeutic strategies for HCC treatment, here we investigated the in vivo antitumor activity and the mechanism underlying the effects of 4A and 6A in N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced HCC using male Wistar rats. NDEA was administered weekly intraperitoneally at a dose of 100 mg/kg for 6 weeks. Various physiological and morphological changes, oxidative parameters, liver marker enzymes and cytokines were assessed to evaluate the antitumor effect of 4A and 6A. In addition, proton nuclear magnetic resonance-based serum metabolomics were performed to analyze the effects of 4A and 6A against HCC-induced metabolic alterations. Significant tumor incidences with an imbalance in carcinogen metabolizing enzymes and cellular redox status were observed in carcinogenic rats. Tumor inhibitory effects of 4A and 6A were noted by histopathology and biochemical profiles in NDEA-induced hepatic cancer. Compounds 4A and 6A had a potential role in normalizing the elevated levels of inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10. At molecular level, the real-time quantitative reverse-transcribed polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that 4A and 6A attenuated the IL-6 gene overexpression in hepatic cancer. Further, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis scores plot demonstrated a significant separation of 4A and 6A-treated groups from carcinogen control group. Both the compounds have potential to restore the imbalanced metabolites due to HCC, signifying promising hepatoprotective activities. All these findings suggested that 4A and 6A could be potential drug candidates to treat HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Keshari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University
| | - Ashok K Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University
| | - Umesh Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus
| | - Vinit Raj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University
| | - Amit Rai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University
| | - Pranesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University
| | | | | | - Sneha Nath
- Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
| | - Anand Prakash
- Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
| | - Sudipta Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University
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166
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Tschida BR, Temiz NA, Kuka TP, Lee LA, Riordan JD, Tierrablanca CA, Hullsiek R, Wagner S, Hudson WA, Linden MA, Amin K, Beckmann PJ, Heuer RA, Sarver AL, Yang JD, Roberts LR, Nadeau JH, Dupuy AJ, Keng VW, Largaespada DA. Sleeping Beauty Insertional Mutagenesis in Mice Identifies Drivers of Steatosis-Associated Hepatic Tumors. Cancer Res 2017; 77:6576-6588. [PMID: 28993411 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is a strong risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yet little is known about the molecular pathology associated with this factor. In this study, we performed a forward genetic screen using Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon insertional mutagenesis in mice treated to induce hepatic steatosis and compared the results to human HCC data. In humans, we determined that steatosis increased the proportion of female HCC patients, a pattern also reflected in mice. Our genetic screen identified 203 candidate steatosis-associated HCC genes, many of which are altered in human HCC and are members of established HCC-driving signaling pathways. The protein kinase A/cyclic AMP signaling pathway was altered frequently in mouse and human steatosis-associated HCC. We found that activated PKA expression drove steatosis-specific liver tumorigenesis in a mouse model. Another candidate HCC driver, the N-acetyltransferase NAT10, which we found to be overexpressed in human steatosis-associated HCC and associated with decreased survival in human HCC, also drove liver tumorigenesis in a steatotic mouse model. This study identifies genes and pathways promoting HCC that may represent novel targets for prevention and treatment in the context of hepatic steatosis, an area of rapidly growing clinical significance. Cancer Res; 77(23); 6576-88. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara R Tschida
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Nuri A Temiz
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Timothy P Kuka
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Lindsey A Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Carlos A Tierrablanca
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Robert Hullsiek
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sandra Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Wendy A Hudson
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Michael A Linden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Khalid Amin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Pauline J Beckmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Rachel A Heuer
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Aaron L Sarver
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ju Dong Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Adam J Dupuy
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Vincent W Keng
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China. .,Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - David A Largaespada
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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Zheng X, Ma W, Sun R, Yin H, Lin F, Liu Y, Xu W, Zeng H. Butaselen prevents hepatocarcinogenesis and progression through inhibiting thioredoxin reductase activity. Redox Biol 2017; 14:237-249. [PMID: 28965082 PMCID: PMC5633849 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for most of primary liver cancer, of which five-year survival rate remains low and chemoprevention has become a strategy to reduce disease burden of HCC. We aim to explore the in vivo chemopreventive effect of an organoselenium-containing compound butaselen (BS) against hepatocarcinogenesis and its underlying mechanisms. Pre- and sustained BS treatment (9, 18 and 36mg/Kg BS) could dose-dependently inhibit chronic hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis and HCC on murine models with 24 weeks treatment scheme. The thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), NF-κB pathway and pro-inflammatory factors were activated during hepatocarcinogenesis, while their expression were decreased by BS treatment. BS treatment could also significantly reduce tumor volume in H22-bearing models and remarkably slow tumor growth. HCC cell lines HepG2, Bel7402 and Huh7 were time- and dose-dependently inhibited by BS treatment. G2/M arrest and apoptosis were observed in HepG2 cells after BS treatment, which were mediated by TrxR/Ref-1 and NF-κB pathways inhibition. BS generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), which could be reduced by antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and NADPH oxidase inhibitor DPI. NAC could markedly increase HepG2 cells viability. TrxR activity of HepG2 cells treated with BS were significantly decreased in parallel with proliferative inhibition. The TrxR1-knockdown HepG2 cells also exhibited low TrxR1 activity, high ROS level, relatively low proliferation rate and increased resistance to BS treatment. In conclusion, BS can prevent hepatocarcinogenesis through inhibiting chronic inflammation, cirrhosis and tumor progression. The underlying mechanisms may include TrxR activity inhibition, leading to ROS elevation, G2/M arrest and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Weiwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Ruoxuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Hanwei Yin
- Keaise Center for Clinical Laboratory, No. 666, Gaoxin Road, Wuhan 430000, PR China
| | - Fei Lin
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 2, Tiantanxili, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Yuxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Huihui Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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169
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Ratna A, Mandrekar P. Alcohol and Cancer: Mechanisms and Therapies. Biomolecules 2017; 7:E61. [PMID: 28805741 PMCID: PMC5618242 DOI: 10.3390/biom7030061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several scientific and clinical studies have shown an association between chronic alcohol consumption and the occurrence of cancer in humans. The mechanism for alcohol-induced carcinogenesis has not been fully understood, although plausible events include genotoxic effects of acetaldehyde, cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species, aberrant metabolism of folate and retinoids, increased estrogen, and genetic polymorphisms. Here, we summarize the impact of alcohol drinking on the risk of cancer development and potential underlying molecular mechanisms. The interactions between alcohol abuse, anti-tumor immune response, tumor growth, and metastasis are complex. However, multiple studies have linked the immunosuppressive effects of alcohol with tumor progression and metastasis. The influence of alcohol on the host immune system and the development of possible effective immunotherapy for cancer in alcoholics are also discussed here. The conclusive biological effects of alcohol on tumor progression and malignancy have not been investigated extensively using an animal model that mimics the human disease. This review provides insights into cancer pathogenesis in alcoholics, alcohol and immune interactions in different cancers, and scope and future of targeted immunotherapeutic modalities in patients with alcohol abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Ratna
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Pranoti Mandrekar
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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170
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Subastri A, Suyavaran A, Preedia Babu E, Nithyananthan S, Barathidasan R, Thirunavukkarasu C. Troxerutin with copper generates oxidative stress in cancer cells: Its possible chemotherapeutic mechanism against hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28628229 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Troxerutin (TXER) a rutin derivative is known for its anticancer effect against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As part of large study, recently we have shown TXER interact with genetic material and its anti-mutagenic property. In the present study we have explored its possible mode of action in HCC. Since TXER alone did not show significant anticancer effect on Huh-7 cells, in vitro biochemical assays were performed for determining anticancer efficacy of TXER + metal complex using transition metals such as Cu, Zn, and Fe. The anticancer efficacy of TXER + Cu on Huh-7 cells were evaluated using MTT assay, DCFDA, JC-1 staining, comet assay, cell cycle analysis, immunocytochemistry, and Western blotting. Non-toxic nature of TXER was analyzed on primary rat hepatocytes. The in vivo efficacy of TXER was tested in N-nitrosodiethylamine initiated and γ-benzene hexachloride and partial hepatectomy promoted rat liver cancer. Liver markers, transition metal levels, histopathological examination, and expression levels of GST-P, 8-OHdG and Ki-67 were studied to assess the in vivo anticancer effect of TXER. We observed that TXER + Cu induced extensive cellular death on Huh-7 cells through generating free radicals and did not possess any toxic effect on normal hepatocytes. The in vivo studies revealed that TXER possess significant anti-cancer effect as assessed through improved liver markers and suppressed GST-P, 8-OHdG, and Ki-67 expression. TXER treatment reduced the hepatic Cu level in cancer bearing animals. Current study brings the putative mechanism involved in anti-cancer effect of TXER, further it will help to formulate phytoconstituents coupled anti-cancer drug for effective treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariraman Subastri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Arumugam Suyavaran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | | | | | - Rajamani Barathidasan
- Centre for Animal Research, Training and Services, CIDRF-DBT, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth University, Puducherry, India
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171
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Lo Re O, Panebianco C, Porto S, Cervi C, Rappa F, Di Biase S, Caraglia M, Pazienza V, Vinciguerra M. Fasting inhibits hepatic stellate cells activation and potentiates anti-cancer activity of Sorafenib in hepatocellular cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1202-1212. [PMID: 28471474 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a poor outcome. Most HCCs develop in the context of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis caused by chronic inflammation. Short-term fasting approaches enhance the activity of chemotherapy in preclinical cancer models, other than HCC. Multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor Sorafenib is the mainstay of treatment in HCC. However, its benefit is frequently short-lived. Whether fasting can alleviate liver fibrosis and whether combining fasting with Sorafenib is beneficial remains unknown. A 24 hr fasting (2% serum, 0.1% glucose)-induced changes on human hepatic stellate cells (HSC) LX-2 proliferation/viability/cell cycle were assessed by MTT and flow cytometry. Expression of lypolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation markers (vimentin, αSMA) was evaluated by qPCR and immunoblotting. Liver fibrosis and inflammation were evaluated in a mouse model of steatohepatitis exposed to cycles of fasting, by histological and biochemical analyses. A 24 hr fasting-induced changes were also analyzed on the proliferation/viability/glucose uptake of human HCC cells exposed to Sorafenib. An expression panel of genes involved in survival, inflammation, and metabolism was examined by qPCR in HCC cells exposed to fasting and/or Sorafenib. Fasting decreased the proliferation and the activation of HSC. Repeated cycles of short term starvation were safe in mice but did not improve fibrosis. Fasting synergized with Sorafenib in hampering HCC cell growth and glucose uptake. Finally, fasting normalized the expression levels of genes which are commonly altered by Sorafenib in HCC cells. Fasting or fasting-mimicking diet diets should be evaluated in preclinical studies as a mean to potentiate the activity of Sorafenib in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Lo Re
- Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Concetta Panebianco
- Gastroenterology Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Stefania Porto
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.,Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London (UCL), Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Carlo Cervi
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London (UCL), Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Francesca Rappa
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Biase
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Valerio Pazienza
- Gastroenterology Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London (UCL), Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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172
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Antiangiogenic activity of vitexicarpine in experimentally induced hepatocellular carcinoma: Impact on vascular endothelial growth factor pathway. Tumour Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317707376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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173
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Garcia K, Regan D. Bigger Is Better: Refinement of an Animal Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Transfemoral Arterial Embolization. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2017. [PMID: 28645501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2017.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Garcia
- Biologic Resources Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, (MC533) 1840 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612.
| | - Dan Regan
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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174
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Kumar S, Wang J, Shanmukhappa SK, Gandhi CR. Toll-Like Receptor 4-Independent Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Fibrosis and Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice: Role of Hepatic Stellate Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:1356-1367. [PMID: 28412299 PMCID: PMC5455062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is implicated in acute and chronic liver injury; its effects are mediated predominantly via the membrane receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). However, TLR4-independent effects of LPS may play important role in hepatic pathophysiology. We investigated carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced fibrosis and LPS-induced acute liver injury in wild-type (WT) and B6.B10ScN-Tlr4lps-del/JthJ [TLR4-knockout (KO)] mice. Effects of LPS on fibrogenic hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) from WT and TLR4-KO mice were assessed in vitro. CCl4 produced similar fibrosis and necroinflammation and increased the mRNA and protein expression of cytokines and chemokines in WT and TLR4-KO mice. However, circulating LPS concentration did not increase in CCl4-treated mice. Interestingly, LPS down-modulated α-smooth muscle actin (activated HSC marker) and collagen 1 in both WT and TLR4-KO HSCs. LPS induced similar activation of NF-κB, and stimulated the expression of cytokines and chemokines in WT and TLR4-KO HSCs. Finally, LPS caused similar inflammation and injury in previously untreated WT and TLR4-KO mice. The results provide evidence of the TLR4/LPS-independent mechanisms of liver fibrosis and also indicate that TLR4 is not entirely critical to LPS-induced acute liver injury. The results further indicate that LPS signaling in activated HSCs might be a mechanism of limiting liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Cincinnati VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jiang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Shiva Kumar Shanmukhappa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Chandrashekhar R Gandhi
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Cincinnati VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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175
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Li L, Bao X, Zhang QY, Negishi M, Ding X. Role of CYP2B in Phenobarbital-Induced Hepatocyte Proliferation in Mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2017; 45:977-981. [PMID: 28546505 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.076406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenobarbital (PB) promotes liver tumorigenesis in rodents, in part through activation of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and the consequent changes in hepatic gene expression and increases in hepatocyte proliferation. A typical effect of CAR activation by PB is a marked induction of Cyp2b10 expression in the liver; the latter has been suspected to be vital for PB-induced hepatocellular proliferation. This hypothesis was tested here by using a Cyp2a(4/5)bgs-null (null) mouse model in which all Cyp2b genes are deleted. Adult male and female wild-type (WT) and null mice were treated intraperitoneally with PB at 50 mg/kg once daily for 5 successive days and tested on day 6. The liver-to-body weight ratio, an indicator of liver hypertrophy, was increased by 47% in male WT mice, but by only 22% in male Cyp2a(4/5)bgs-null mice, by the PB treatment. The fractions of bromodeoxyuridine-positive hepatocyte nuclei, assessed as a measure of the rate of hepatocyte proliferation, were also significantly lower in PB-treated male null mice compared with PB-treated male WT mice. However, whereas few proliferating hepatocytes were detected in saline-treated mice, many proliferating hepatocytes were still detected in PB-treated male null mice. In contrast, female WT mice were much less sensitive than male WT mice to PB-induced hepatocyte proliferation, and PB-treated female WT and PB-treated female null mice did not show significant difference in rates of hepatocyte proliferation. These results indicate that CYP2B induction plays a significant, but partial, role in PB-induced hepatocyte proliferation in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- College of Nanoscale Science, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, New York (L.L., X.D.); Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, New York (L.L., X.B., Q.Z., X.D.); and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (M.N.)
| | - Xiaochen Bao
- College of Nanoscale Science, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, New York (L.L., X.D.); Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, New York (L.L., X.B., Q.Z., X.D.); and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (M.N.)
| | - Qing-Yu Zhang
- College of Nanoscale Science, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, New York (L.L., X.D.); Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, New York (L.L., X.B., Q.Z., X.D.); and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (M.N.)
| | - Masahiko Negishi
- College of Nanoscale Science, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, New York (L.L., X.D.); Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, New York (L.L., X.B., Q.Z., X.D.); and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (M.N.)
| | - Xinxin Ding
- College of Nanoscale Science, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, New York (L.L., X.D.); Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, New York (L.L., X.B., Q.Z., X.D.); and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (M.N.)
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176
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Mansy SS, El-Ahwany E, Mahmoud S, Hassan S, Seleem MI, Abdelaal A, Helmy AH, Zoheiry MK, AbdelFattah AS, Hassanein MH. Potential ultrastructure predicting factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in HCV infected patients. Ultrastruct Pathol 2017; 41:209-226. [PMID: 28494215 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2017.1316330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus represents one of the rising causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although the early diagnosis of HCC is vital for successful curative treatment, the majority of lesions are diagnosed in an irredeemable phase. This work deals with a comparative ultrastructural study of experimentally gradually induced HCC, surgically resected HCC, and potential premalignant lesions from HCV-infected patients, with the prospect to detect cellular criteria denoting premalignant transformation. Among the main detected pathological changes which are postulated to precede frank HCC: failure of normal hepatocyte regeneration with star shape clonal fragmentation, frequent elucidation of hepatic progenitor cells and Hering canals, hepatocytes of different electron density loaded with small sized rounded monotonous mitochondria, increase junctional complexes bordering bile canaliculi and in between hepatocyte membranes, abundant cellular proteinaceous material with hypertrophied or vesiculated rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), sequestrated nucleus with proteinaceous granular material or hypertrophied RER, formation of lipolysosomes, large autophagosomes, and micro-vesicular fat deposition. In conclusion, the present work has visualized new hepatocytic division or regenerative process that mimic splitting or clonal fragmentation that occurs in primitive creature. Also, new observations that may be of value or assist in predicting HCC and identifying the appropriate patient for surveillance have been reported. Moreover, it has pointed to the possible malignant potentiality of liver stem/progenitor cells. For reliability, the results can be subjected to cohort longitudinal study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheir S Mansy
- a Electron Microscopy Research Department (Pathology) , Theodor Bilharz Research Institute , Giza , Egypt
| | - Eman El-Ahwany
- b Immunology Department , Theodor Bilharz Research Institute , Giza , Egypt
| | - Soheir Mahmoud
- c Parasitology Department , Theodor Bilharz Research Institute , Giza , Egypt
| | - Sara Hassan
- a Electron Microscopy Research Department (Pathology) , Theodor Bilharz Research Institute , Giza , Egypt
| | - Mohammed I Seleem
- d Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation , National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Amr Abdelaal
- e Surgery Department , Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Helmy
- f Surgery Department , Theodor Bilharz Research Institute , Giza , Egypt
| | - Mona K Zoheiry
- b Immunology Department , Theodor Bilharz Research Institute , Giza , Egypt
| | - Ahmed S AbdelFattah
- g Hepatogastroenterology Department , Theodor Bilharz Research Institute , Giza , Egypt
| | - Moataz H Hassanein
- g Hepatogastroenterology Department , Theodor Bilharz Research Institute , Giza , Egypt
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177
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Chiew GGY, Wei N, Sultania S, Lim S, Luo KQ. Bioengineered three-dimensional co-culture of cancer cells and endothelial cells: A model system for dual analysis of tumor growth and angiogenesis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:1865-1877. [PMID: 28369747 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis marks the transformation of a benign local tumor into a life-threatening disease. Many in vitro assays are available on two-dimensional (2D) platforms, however, limited research has been conducted to investigate the behavior of tumors and endothelial cells (ECs) grown on three-dimensional (3D) platforms. This study provides a 3D co-culture spheroid of tumor cells with ECs to study the interplay between ECs and tumor cells. In a 3D co-culture with HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, ECs differentiate to form tubule networks when in co-culture. Addition of angiogenic factors or angiogenesis inhibitors to the model system enhanced or inhibited endothelial differentiation in the 3D model, enabling investigations of the cellular signaling pathways utilized in HCC development. The 3D model demonstrated similar protein expression levels as a HCC xenograft, as well as exhibited upregulation of essential signaling proteins such as Akt/mTor in the 3D model, which is not reflected in the 2D model. The effects of several anti-angiogenic agents, such as sorafenib, sunitinib, and axitinib were analyzed in the 3D co-culture model by utilizing fluorescent proteins and a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based caspase-3 sensor in the ECs, which can detect apoptosis in real time. The apoptotic capability of a drug to inhibit angiogenesis in the 3D model can be easily distinguished via the FRET sensor, and dual screening of anti-angiogenesis and anti-tumor drugs can be achieved in a single step via the 3D co-culture model. In summary, a 3D co-culture model is constructed, where a HCC tumor microenvironment with a hypoxic core and true gradient penetration of drugs is achieved for drug screening purposes and in vitro studies utilizing a small HCC tumor. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1865-1877. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Giap Ying Chiew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Na Wei
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Samiksha Sultania
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sierin Lim
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kathy Qian Luo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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178
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Chacko S, Samanta S. A novel approach towards design, synthesis and evaluation of some Schiff base analogues of 2-aminopyridine and 2-aminobezothiazole against hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:162-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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179
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c-MYC-Making Liver Sick: Role of c-MYC in Hepatic Cell Function, Homeostasis and Disease. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8040123. [PMID: 28422055 PMCID: PMC5406870 DOI: 10.3390/genes8040123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 35 years ago, c-MYC, a highly pleiotropic transcription factor that regulates hepatic cell function, was identified. In recent years, a considerable increment in the number of publications has significantly shifted the way that the c-MYC function is perceived. Overexpression of c-MYC alters a wide range of roles including cell proliferation, growth, metabolism, DNA replication, cell cycle progression, cell adhesion and differentiation. The purpose of this review is to broaden the understanding of the general functions of c-MYC, to focus on c-MYC-driven pathogenesis in the liver, explain its mode of action under basal conditions and during disease, and discuss efforts to target c-MYC as a plausible therapy for liver disease.
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180
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Santos NP, Colaço AA, Oliveira PA. Animal models as a tool in hepatocellular carcinoma research: A Review. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317695923. [PMID: 28347231 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317695923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the first cause of death in developed countries and the second in developing countries. Concerning the most frequent worldwide-diagnosed cancer, primary liver cancer represents approximately 4% of all new cancer cases diagnosed globally. However, among primary liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma is by far the most common histological subtype. Notwithstanding the health promotion and disease prevention campaigns, more than half a million new hepatocellular carcinoma cases are reported yearly, being estimated to growth continuously until 2020. Taking this scenario under consideration and the fact that some aspects concerning hepatocellular carcinoma evolution and metastasize process are still unknown, animal models assume a crucial role to understand this disease. The animal models have also provided the opportunity to screen new therapeutic strategies. The present review was supported on research and review papers aiming the complexity and often neglected chemically induced animal models in hepatocarcinogenesis research. Despite the ongoing debate, chemically induced animal models, namely, mice and rat, can provide unique valuable information on the biotransformation mechanisms against xenobiotics and apprehend the deleterious effects on DNA and cell proteins leading to carcinogenic development. In addition, taking under consideration that no model achieves all hepatocellular carcinoma research purposes, criteria to define the " ideal" animal model, depending on the researchers' approach, are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Paula Santos
- 1 Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary and Animal Science Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,2 Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Aura Antunes Colaço
- 1 Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary and Animal Science Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Paula Alexandra Oliveira
- 1 Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary and Animal Science Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,2 Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
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181
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Abstract
In chronic liver diseases, an ongoing hepatocellular injury together with inflammatory reaction results in activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and increased deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) termed as liver fibrosis. It can progress to cirrhosis that is characterized by parenchymal and vascular architectural changes together with the presence of regenerative nodules. Even at late stage, liver fibrosis is reversible and the underlying mechanisms include a switch in the inflammatory environment, elimination or regression of activated HSCs and degradation of ECM. While animal models have been indispensable for our understanding of liver fibrosis, they possess several important limitations and need to be further refined. A better insight into the liver fibrogenesis resulted in a large number of clinical trials aiming at reversing liver fibrosis, particularly in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Collectively, the current developments demonstrate that reversal of liver fibrosis is turning from fiction to reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Eugenio Zoubek
- Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Pavel Strnad
- Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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182
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Xie G, Wang X, Zhao A, Yan J, Chen W, Jiang R, Ji J, Huang F, Zhang Y, Lei S, Ge K, Zheng X, Rajani C, Alegado RA, Liu J, Liu P, Nicholson J, Jia W. Sex-dependent effects on gut microbiota regulate hepatic carcinogenic outcomes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45232. [PMID: 28345673 PMCID: PMC5366919 DOI: 10.1038/srep45232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence points to a strong association between sex and gut microbiota, bile acids (BAs), and gastrointestinal cancers. Here, we investigated the mechanistic link between microbiota and hepatocellular carcinogenesis using a streptozotocin-high fat diet (STZ-HFD) induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-hepatocellular carcinoma (NASH-HCC) murine model and compared results for both sexes. STZ-HFD feeding induced a much higher incidence of HCC in male mice with substantially increased intrahepatic retention of hydrophobic BAs and decreased hepatic expression of tumor-suppressive microRNAs. Metagenomic analysis showed differences in gut microbiota involved in BA metabolism between normal male and female mice, and such differences were amplified when mice of both sexes were exposed to STZ-HFD. Treating STZ-HFD male mice with 2% cholestyramine led to significant improvement of hepatic BA retention, tumor-suppressive microRNA expressions, microbial gut communities, and prevention of HCC. Additionally the sex-dependent differences in BA profiles in the murine model can be correlated to the differential BA profiles between men and women during the development of HCC. These results uncover distinct male and female profiles for gut microbiota, BAs, and microRNAs that may contribute to sex-based disparity in liver carcinogenesis, and suggest new possibilities for preventing and controlling human obesity-related gastrointestinal cancers that often exhibit sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.,University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Aihua Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jingyu Yan
- E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenlian Chen
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
| | - Runqiu Jiang
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
| | - Junfang Ji
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
| | - Fengjie Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yunjing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Sha Lei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Kun Ge
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiaojiao Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Cynthia Rajani
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
| | - Rosanna A Alegado
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - Jiajian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ping Liu
- E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Jeremy Nicholson
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.,University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
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183
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Inhibition of hepatic lipogenesis enhances liver tumorigenesis by increasing antioxidant defence and promoting cell survival. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14689. [PMID: 28290443 PMCID: PMC5424065 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic pathway of de novo lipogenesis is frequently upregulated in human liver tumours, and its upregulation is associated with poor prognosis. Blocking lipogenesis in cultured liver cancer cells is sufficient to decrease cell viability; however, it is not known whether blocking lipogenesis in vivo can prevent liver tumorigenesis. Herein, we inhibit hepatic lipogenesis in mice by liver-specific knockout of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) genes and treat the mice with the hepatocellular carcinogen diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Unexpectedly, mice lacking hepatic lipogenesis have a twofold increase in tumour incidence and multiplicity compared to controls. Metabolomics analysis of ACC-deficient liver identifies a marked increase in antioxidants including NADPH and reduced glutathione. Importantly, supplementing primary wild-type hepatocytes with glutathione precursors improves cell survival following DEN treatment to a level indistinguishable from ACC-deficient primary hepatocytes. This study shows that lipogenesis is dispensable for liver tumorigenesis in mice treated with DEN, and identifies an important role for ACC enzymes in redox regulation and cell survival.
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184
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Highly tumorigenic hepatocellular carcinoma cell line with cancer stem cell-like properties. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171215. [PMID: 28152020 PMCID: PMC5289561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There are limited numbers of models to study hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vivo in immunocompetent hosts. In an effort to develop a cell line with improved tumorigenicity, we derived a new cell line from Hepa1-6 cells through an in vivo passage in C57BL/6 mice. The resulting Dt81Hepa1-6 cell line showed enhanced tumorigenicity compared to Hepa1-6 with more frequent (28±12 vs. 0±0 lesions at 21 days) and more rapid tumor development (21 (100%) vs. 70 days (10%)) in C57BL/6 mice. The minimal Dt81Hepa1-6 cell number required to obtain visible tumors was 100,000 cells. The Dt81Hepa1-6 cell line showed high hepatotropism with subcutaneous injection leading to liver tumors without development of tumors in lungs or spleen. In vitro, Dt81Hepa1-6 cells showed increased anchorage-independent growth (34.7±6.8 vs. 12.3±3.3 colonies; P<0.05) and increased EpCAM (8.7±1.1 folds; P<0.01) and β-catenin (5.4±1.0 folds; P<0.01) expression. A significant proportion of Dt81Hepa1-6 cells expressed EpCAM compared to Hepa1-6 (34.8±1.1% vs 0.9±0.13%; P<0.001). Enriched EpCAM+ Dt81Hepa1-6 cells led to higher tumor load than EpCAM- Dt81Hepa1-6 cells (1093±74 vs 473±100 tumors; P<0.01). The in vivo selected Dt81Hepa1-6 cell line shows high liver specificity and increased tumorigenicity compared to Hepa1-6 cells. These properties are associated with increased expression of EpCAM and β-catenin confirming that EpCAM+ HCC cells comprise a subset with characteristics of tumor-initiating cells with stem/progenitor cell features. The Dt81Hepa1-6 cell line with its cancer stem cell-like properties will be a useful tool for the study of hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo.
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Abstract
The SV40 viral oncogene has been used since the 1970s as a reliable and reproducible method to generate transgenic mouse models. This seminal discovery has taught us an immense amount about how tumorigenesis occurs, and its success has led to the evolution of many mouse models of cancer. Despite the development of more modern and targeted approaches for developing genetically engineered mouse models of cancer, SV40-induced mouse models still remain frequently used today. This review discusses a number of cancer types in which SV40 mouse models of cancer have been developed and highlights their relevance and importance to preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Hudson
- Amanda L. Hudson, PhD, is a Sydney Neuro-Oncology Group postdoctoral fellow at the Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia. Emily K. Colvin is a Cancer Institute NSW postdoctoral fellow at the Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Emily K Colvin
- Amanda L. Hudson, PhD, is a Sydney Neuro-Oncology Group postdoctoral fellow at the Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia. Emily K. Colvin is a Cancer Institute NSW postdoctoral fellow at the Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
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186
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Lau JKC, Zhang X, Yu J. Animal models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: current perspectives and recent advances. J Pathol 2016; 241:36-44. [PMID: 27757953 PMCID: PMC5215469 DOI: 10.1002/path.4829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a continuous spectrum of diseases characterized by excessive lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. NAFLD progresses from simple liver steatosis to non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis and, in more severe cases, to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Because of its growing worldwide prevalence, various animal models that mirror both the histopathology and the pathophysiology of each stage of human NAFLD have been developed. The selection of appropriate animal models continues to be one of the key questions faced in this field. This review presents a critical analysis of the histopathology and pathogenesis of NAFLD, the most frequently used and recently developed animal models for each stage of NAFLD and NAFLD‐induced HCC, the main mechanisms involved in the experimental pathogenesis of NAFLD in different animal models, and a brief summary of recent therapeutic targets found by the use of animal models. Integrating the data from human disease with those from animal studies indicates that, although current animal models provide critical guidance in understanding specific stages of NAFLD pathogenesis and progression, further research is necessary to develop more accurate models that better mimic the disease spectrum, in order to provide both increased mechanistic understanding and identification/testing of novel therapeutic approaches. © 2016 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Ka Ching Lau
- Institute of Digestive Disease and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,Faculty of Medicine, SHHO College, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
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187
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Kotiya D, Jaiswal B, Ghose S, Kaul R, Datta K, Tyagi RK. Role of PXR in Hepatic Cancer: Its Influences on Liver Detoxification Capacity and Cancer Progression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164087. [PMID: 27760163 PMCID: PMC5070842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of nuclear receptor PXR in detoxification and clearance of xenobiotics and endobiotics is well-established. However, its projected role in hepatic cancer is rather illusive where its expression is reported altered in different cancers depending on the tissue-type and microenvironment. The expression of PXR, its target genes and their biological or clinical significance have not been examined in hepatic cancer. In the present study, by generating DEN-induced hepatic cancer in mice, we report that the expression of PXR and its target genes CYP3A11 and GSTa2 are down-regulated implying impairment of hepatic detoxification capacity. A higher state of inflammation was observed in liver cancer tissues as evident from upregulation of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α along with NF-κB and STAT3. Our data in mouse model suggested a negative correlation between down-regulation of PXR and its target genes with that of higher expression of inflammatory proteins (like IL-6, TNF-α, NF-κB). In conjunction, our findings with relevant cell culture based assays showed that higher expression of PXR is involved in reduction of tumorigenic potential in hepatic cancer. Overall, the findings suggest that inflammation influences the expression of hepatic proteins important in drug metabolism while higher PXR level reduces tumorigenic potential in hepatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kotiya
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Bharti Jaiswal
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sampa Ghose
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rachna Kaul
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Kasturi Datta
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh K. Tyagi
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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188
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Down-regulation of β-arrestin2 promotes tumour invasion and indicates poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35609. [PMID: 27759077 PMCID: PMC5069669 DOI: 10.1038/srep35609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
β-arrestins, including β-arrestin1 and β-arrestin2, are multifunctional adaptor proteins. β-arrestins have recently been found to play new roles in regulating intracellular signalling networks associated with malignant cell functions. Altered β-arrestin expression has been reported in many cancers, but its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not clear. We therefore examined the roles of β-arrestins in HCC using an animal model of progressive HCC, HCC patient samples and HCC cell lines with stepwise metastatic potential. We demonstrated that β-arrestin2 level, but not β-arrestin1 level, decreased in conjunction with liver tumourigenesis in a mouse diethylnitrosamine-induced liver tumour model. Furthermore, β-arrestin2 expression was reduced in HCC tissues compared with noncancerous tissues in HCC patients. β-arrestin2 down-regulation in HCC was significantly associated with poor patient prognoses and aggressive pathologic features. In addition, our in vitro study showed that β-arrestin2 overexpression significantly reduced cell migration and invasion in cultured HCC cells. Furthermore, β-arrestin2 overexpression up-regulated E-cadherin expression and inhibited vimentin expression and Akt activation. These results suggest that β-arrestin2 down-regulation increases HCC cell migration and invasion ability. Low β-arrestin2 expression may be indicative of a poor prognosis or early cancer recurrence in patients who have undergone surgery for HCC.
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189
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Gupta P, Bhatia N, Bansal MP, Koul A. Lycopene modulates cellular proliferation, glycolysis and hepatic ultrastructure during hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Hepatol 2016; 8:1222-1233. [PMID: 27803767 PMCID: PMC5067442 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v8.i29.1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of lycopene extracted from tomatoes (LycT) on ultrastructure, glycolytic enzymes, cell proliferation markers and hypoxia during N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis.
METHODS Female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups: The Control, NDEA (200 mg NDEA/kg b.w. given i.p.), LycT (5 mg/kg b.w. given orally on alternate days) and LycT + NDEA group. The mRNA and protein expression of various cell proliferation markers (PCNA, Cyclin D1, and p21) were assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The ultrastructure of hepatic tissue was analyzed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The enzymatic activity of glycolytic enzymes was estimated using standardized protocols, while glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity level was estimated using a kit obtained from Reckon Diagnostic P. Ltd. (India).
RESULTS Uncontrolled proliferation in the liver of NDEA (P ≤ 0.001) mice was evident from the high expression of cell-proliferation associated genes (PCNA, Cyclin D1, and p21) when compared to control and LycT mice. In addition, enhanced activities of hexokinase, phosphoglucoisomerase, aldolase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α were observed in NDEA mice as compared to control (P ≤ 0.001) and LycT (P ≤ 0.001) mice. The alterations in hepatic ultrastructure observed in the NDEA group correlated with the changes in the above parameters. LycT pre-treatment in NDEA-challenged mice ameliorated the investigated pathways disrupted by NDEA treatment. Moreover, hepatic electron micrographs from the LycT + NDEA group showed increased macrophages, apoptotic bodies and well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in comparison to undifferentiated HCC as observed in the NDEA treated group.
CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that dietary supplementation with LycT has a multidimensional role in preventing HCC development.
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190
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Vadalà M, Morales-Medina JC, Vallelunga A, Palmieri B, Laurino C, Iannitti T. Mechanisms and therapeutic effectiveness of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy in oncology. Cancer Med 2016; 5:3128-3139. [PMID: 27748048 PMCID: PMC5119968 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Available treatments are associated with numerous side effects and only a low percentage of patients achieve complete remission. Therefore, there is a strong need for new therapeutic strategies. In this regard, pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy presents several potential advantages including non-invasiveness, safety, lack of toxicity for non-cancerous cells, and the possibility of being combined with other available therapies. Indeed, PEMF stimulation has already been used in the context of various cancer types including skin, breast, prostate, hepatocellular, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, bladder, thyroid, and colon cancer in vitro and in vivo. At present, only limited application of PEMF in cancer has been documented in humans. In this article, we review the experimental and clinical evidence of PEMF therapy discussing future perspectives in its use in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vadalà
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, Surgical Clinic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Modena, Italy
| | - Julio Cesar Morales-Medina
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV- Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Annamaria Vallelunga
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Beniamino Palmieri
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, Surgical Clinic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Modena, Italy
| | - Carmen Laurino
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, Surgical Clinic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Iannitti
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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191
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Wu T, Heuillard E, Lindner V, Bou About G, Ignat M, Dillenseger JP, Anton N, Dalimier E, Gossé F, Fouré G, Blindauer F, Giraudeau C, El-Saghire H, Bouhadjar M, Calligaro C, Sorg T, Choquet P, Vandamme T, Ferrand C, Marescaux J, Baumert TF, Diana M, Pessaux P, Robinet E. Multimodal imaging of a humanized orthotopic model of hepatocellular carcinoma in immunodeficient mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35230. [PMID: 27739457 PMCID: PMC5064389 DOI: 10.1038/srep35230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of multimodal strategies for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma requires tractable animal models allowing for advanced in vivo imaging. Here, we characterize an orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma model based on the injection of luciferase-expressing human hepatoma Huh-7 (Huh-7-Luc) cells in immunodeficient mice. Luciferase allows for an easy repeated monitoring of tumor growth by in vivo bioluminescence. The intrahepatic injection was more efficient than intrasplenic or intraportal injection in terms of survival, rate of orthotopic engraftment, and easiness. A positive correlation between luciferase activity and tumor size, evaluated by Magnetic Resonance Imaging, allowed to define the endpoint value for animal experimentation with this model. Response to standard of care, sorafenib or doxorubicin, were similar to those previously reported in the literature, with however a strong toxicity of doxorubicin. Tumor vascularization was visible by histology seven days after Huh-7-Luc transplantation and robustly developed at day 14 and day 21. The model was used to explore different imaging modalities, including microtomography, probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy, full-field optical coherence tomography, and ultrasound imaging. Tumor engraftment was similar after echo-guided intrahepatic injection as after laparotomy. Collectively, this orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma model enables the in vivo evaluation of chemotherapeutic and surgical approaches using multimodal imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- INSERM, U 1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Emilie Heuillard
- INSERM, U 1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,IHU-Strasbourg, Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Véronique Lindner
- Pathology Department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Mihaela Ignat
- Pôle Hépatodigestif, Unité Hépatologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Research Institute against Cancer of the Digestive System (IRCAD), 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Dillenseger
- University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Functional Unit 6237, Preclinical Imaging, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), ICube, MMB team, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Medical Faculty, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicolas Anton
- University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), UMR 7199, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | | | - Francine Gossé
- INSERM, U 1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Gael Fouré
- IHU-Strasbourg, Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Franck Blindauer
- IHU-Strasbourg, Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Céline Giraudeau
- IHU-Strasbourg, Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Hussein El-Saghire
- INSERM, U 1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mourad Bouhadjar
- IHU-Strasbourg, Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Cynthia Calligaro
- IHU-Strasbourg, Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Tania Sorg
- Mouse Clinical Institute, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Philippe Choquet
- University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Functional Unit 6237, Preclinical Imaging, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), ICube, MMB team, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Medical Faculty, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thierry Vandamme
- University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), UMR 7199, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Christophe Ferrand
- French Blood Agency Bourgogne/Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France.,INSERM, U 1098, 25000 Besançon, France.,Université de Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Jacques Marescaux
- IHU-Strasbourg, Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Pôle Hépatodigestif, Unité Hépatologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Research Institute against Cancer of the Digestive System (IRCAD), 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas F Baumert
- INSERM, U 1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,IHU-Strasbourg, Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Pôle Hépatodigestif, Unité Hépatologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Michele Diana
- IHU-Strasbourg, Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Research Institute against Cancer of the Digestive System (IRCAD), 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick Pessaux
- INSERM, U 1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,IHU-Strasbourg, Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Pôle Hépatodigestif, Unité Hépatologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Research Institute against Cancer of the Digestive System (IRCAD), 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Robinet
- INSERM, U 1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,IHU-Strasbourg, Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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192
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Ignat M, Akladios CY, Lindner V, Khetchoumian K, Teletin M, Muttter D, Aprahamian PM, Marescaux J. Development of a methodology for in vivo follow-up of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatocyte specific Trim24-null mice treated with myo-inositol trispyrophosphate. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:155. [PMID: 27686696 PMCID: PMC5041534 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0434-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetically induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) models are generally used to investigate carcinogenesis pathways, but very few attempts were made to valorize them for pharmacological testing. This study describes a micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) - based methodology for the diagnostic and lifelong follow-up of HCC in the hepatocyte-specific Trim24-null mouse line. Myo-inositol trispyrophosphate (ITPP) was tested as anti-cancer drug. METHODS Partial hepatectomy was performed in 2 months-old Trim24-null mice, in order to accelerate the carcinogenesis process. HCC diagnosis was obtained by micro-CT scan with double contrast agent: 10 μl/g Fenestra™ LC was injected intraperitoneally 6 h prior to imaging and 10 μl/g Fenestra™ VC was injected intravenously 15 min prior to imaging. Twenty three hepatocyte-specific Trim24-null mice were considered for ITPP testing (3 mg/g/week intraperitoneally during 10 months in 12 mice, versus 11 controls). Lifelong follow-up was performed using micro-CT. Comparative analysis was performed using unpaired t test with Welch correction and survival curves were compared by log-rank test. Gene expression analysis was performed using the RT q-PCR technique. RESULTS Double contrast micro-CT scan allowed HCC diagnosis as hypodense, isodense or hyperdense nodules. Positive predictive value was 81.3 %. Negative predictive value was 83.3 %. Tumor growth could be objectified by micro-CT scan before the ITPP treatment was started, and at 3 and 9 months follow-up. Significant progression of tumor volume was demonstrated in the both groups, with no difference between groups (p > 0.05). In the ITPP group, a mild decrease in tumor doubling time was first observed (31.9 +/- 12 days, p > 0.05) followed by a significant increase (59.8 +/- 18.3 days, p = 0.008). However, tumor doubling time was not different between groups (p > 0.05). Median survival after treatment initiation was 223 days (controls) versus 296 days (ITPP group, p = 0.0027). HIF1α, VEGF, glutamine synthase, osteopontin expression levels were not significantly modified at the end of follow-up. In the ITPP group, the p53 expression profile was inversed as compared to the control group, higher in non-tumor livers than in tumors. CONCLUSION ITPP treatment allowed for a two-month survival improvement, with better tolerance of tumor burden and apoptosis increase in non-tumor, pathological livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Ignat
- IRCAD, 1 place de l'hôpital, 67091, Strasbourg, France. .,Department of Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67091, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Cherif Youssef Akladios
- Department of Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67091, Strasbourg, France
| | - Véronique Lindner
- Department of Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67091, Strasbourg, France
| | - Konstantin Khetchoumian
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, F-67404, Illkirch, France.,Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Marius Teletin
- Department of Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67091, Strasbourg, France.,Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, F-67404, Illkirch, France
| | - Didier Muttter
- IRCAD, 1 place de l'hôpital, 67091, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67091, Strasbourg, France
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193
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Moles A, Butterworth JA, Sanchez A, Hunter JE, Leslie J, Sellier H, Tiniakos D, Cockell SJ, Mann DA, Oakley F, Perkins ND. A RelA(p65) Thr505 phospho-site mutation reveals an important mechanism regulating NF-κB-dependent liver regeneration and cancer. Oncogene 2016; 35:4623-32. [PMID: 26853469 PMCID: PMC4862573 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications of nuclear factor (NF)-κB subunits provide a mechanism to differentially regulate their activity in response to the many stimuli that induce this pathway. However, the physiological significance of these modifications is largely unknown, and it remains unclear if these have a critical role in the normal and pathological functions of NF-κB in vivo. Among these, phosphorylation of the RelA(p65) Thr505 residue has been described as an important regulator of NF-κB activity in cell lines, but its physiological significance was not known. Therefore, to learn more about the role of this pathway in vivo, we generated a knockin mouse with a RelA T505A mutation. Unlike RelA knockout mice, the RelA T505A mice develop normally but exhibit aberrant hepatocyte proliferation following liver partial hepatectomy or damage resulting from carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) treatment. Consistent with these effects, RelA T505A mice exhibit earlier onset of cancer in the N-nitrosodiethylamine model of hepatocellular carcinoma. These data reveal a critical pathway controlling NF-κB function in the liver that acts to suppress the tumour-promoting activities of RelA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Moles
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - J A Butterworth
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences (ICaMB), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - A Sanchez
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences (ICaMB), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - J E Hunter
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences (ICaMB), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - J Leslie
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - H Sellier
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences (ICaMB), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - D Tiniakos
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - S J Cockell
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - D A Mann
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - F Oakley
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - N D Perkins
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences (ICaMB), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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Tremblay MP, Armero VES, Allaire A, Boudreault S, Martenon-Brodeur C, Durand M, Lapointe E, Thibault P, Tremblay-Létourneau M, Perreault JP, Scott MS, Bisaillon M. Global profiling of alternative RNA splicing events provides insights into molecular differences between various types of hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:683. [PMID: 27565572 PMCID: PMC5002109 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3029-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulations in alternative splicing (AS) patterns have been associated with many human diseases including cancer. In the present study, alterations to the global RNA splicing landscape of cellular genes were investigated in a large-scale screen from 377 liver tissue samples using high-throughput RNA sequencing data. Results Our study identifies modifications in the AS patterns of transcripts encoded by more than 2500 genes such as tumor suppressor genes, transcription factors, and kinases. These findings provide insights into the molecular differences between various types of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our analysis allowed the identification of 761 unique transcripts for which AS is misregulated in HBV-associated HCC, while 68 are unique to HCV-associated HCC, 54 to HBV&HCV-associated HCC, and 299 to virus-free HCC. Moreover, we demonstrate that the expression pattern of the RNA splicing factor hnRNPC in HCC tissues significantly correlates with patient survival. We also show that the expression of the HBx protein from HBV leads to modifications in the AS profiles of cellular genes. Finally, using RNA interference and a reverse transcription-PCR screening platform, we examined the implications of cellular proteins involved in the splicing of transcripts involved in apoptosis and demonstrate the potential contribution of these proteins in AS control. Conclusions This study provides the first comprehensive portrait of global changes in the RNA splicing signatures that occur in hepatocellular carcinoma. Moreover, these data allowed us to identify unique signatures of genes for which AS is misregulated in the different types of HCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3029-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pier Tremblay
- Département de biochimie, Pavillon de recherche appliquée sur le cancer, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201 Jean-Mignault, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Victoria E S Armero
- Département de biochimie, Pavillon de recherche appliquée sur le cancer, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201 Jean-Mignault, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Andréa Allaire
- Département de biochimie, Pavillon de recherche appliquée sur le cancer, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201 Jean-Mignault, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Simon Boudreault
- Département de biochimie, Pavillon de recherche appliquée sur le cancer, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201 Jean-Mignault, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Camille Martenon-Brodeur
- Département de biochimie, Pavillon de recherche appliquée sur le cancer, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201 Jean-Mignault, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Mathieu Durand
- Plateforme RNomique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Elvy Lapointe
- Plateforme RNomique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Philippe Thibault
- Plateforme RNomique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Maude Tremblay-Létourneau
- Département de biochimie, Pavillon de recherche appliquée sur le cancer, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201 Jean-Mignault, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Perreault
- Département de biochimie, Pavillon de recherche appliquée sur le cancer, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201 Jean-Mignault, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Michelle S Scott
- Département de biochimie, Pavillon de recherche appliquée sur le cancer, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201 Jean-Mignault, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Martin Bisaillon
- Département de biochimie, Pavillon de recherche appliquée sur le cancer, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201 Jean-Mignault, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E 4K8, Canada.
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Shalini S, Nikolic A, Wilson CH, Puccini J, Sladojevic N, Finnie J, Dorstyn L, Kumar S. Caspase-2 deficiency accelerates chemically induced liver cancer in mice. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1727-36. [PMID: 27518436 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant cell death/survival has a critical role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Caspase-2, a cell death protease, limits oxidative stress and chromosomal instability. To study its role in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage-induced liver cancer, we assessed diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-mediated tumour development in caspase-2-deficient (Casp2(-/-)) mice. Following DEN injection in young animals, tumour development was monitored for 10 months. We found that DEN-treated Casp2(-/-) mice have dramatically elevated tumour burden and accelerated tumour progression with increased incidence of HCC, accompanied by higher oxidative damage and inflammation. Furthermore, following acute DEN injection, liver injury, DNA damage, inflammatory cytokine release and hepatocyte proliferation were enhanced in mice lacking caspase-2. Our study demonstrates for the first time that caspase-2 limits the progression of tumourigenesis induced by an ROS producing and DNA damaging reagent. Our findings suggest that after initial DEN-induced DNA damage, caspase-2 may remove aberrant cells to limit liver damage and disease progression. We propose that Casp2(-/-) mice, which are more susceptible to genomic instability, are limited in their ability to respond to DNA damage and thus carry more damaged cells resulting in accelerated tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shalini
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - A Nikolic
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - C H Wilson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - J Puccini
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - N Sladojevic
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - J Finnie
- SA Pathology and School of Medical and Veterinary Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - L Dorstyn
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - S Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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Hepatic B cell leukemia-3 suppresses chemically-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in mice through altered MAPK and NF-κB activation. Oncotarget 2016; 8:56095-56109. [PMID: 28915576 PMCID: PMC5593547 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-coactivator B cell leukemia-3 (Bcl-3) is a molecular regulator of cell death and proliferation. Bcl-3 has been shown to be widely expressed in different cancer types including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Its influence on hepatocarcinogenesis is still undetermined. To examine the role of Bcl-3 in hepatocarcinogenesis mice with hepatocyte-specific overexpression of Bcl-3 (Bcl-3Hep) were exposed to diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and phenobarbital (PB). Hepatic Bcl-3 overexpression attenuated DEN/PB-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Bcl-3Hep mice exhibited a lower number and smaller tumor nodules in response to DEN/PB at 40 weeks of age. Reduced HCC formation was accompanied by a lower rate of cell proliferation and a distinct expression pattern of growth and differentiation-related genes. Activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and especially extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) was reduced in tumor and tumor-surrounding liver tissue of Bcl-3Hep mice, while p38 and NF-κB p65 were phosphorylated to a higher extent compared to the wild type. In parallel, the absolute number of intrahepatic macrophages, CD8+ T cells and activated B cells was reduced in DEN/PB-treated Bcl-3Hep mice mirroring a reduction of tumor-associated inflammation. Interestingly, at the early time point of 7 weeks following tumor initiation, a higher rate of apoptotic cell death was observed in Bcl-3Hep mice. In summary, hepatocyte-restricted Bcl-3 overexpression reduced hepatocarcinogenesis related to prolonged liver injury early after tumor initiation likely due to decreased survival of DEN/PB-damaged, premalignant cells. Therefore, Bcl-3 could become a novel player in the development of therapeutic and diagnostic tools for HCC.
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197
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Kim KI, Chung HK, Park JH, Lee YJ, Kang JH. Alpha-fetoprotein-targeted reporter gene expression imaging in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:6127-6134. [PMID: 27468205 PMCID: PMC4945974 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i27.6127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers in Eastern Asia, and its incidence is increasing globally. Numerous experimental models have been developed to better our understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of HCC and to evaluate novel therapeutic approaches. Molecular imaging is a convenient and up-to-date biomedical tool that enables the visualization, characterization and quantification of biologic processes in a living subject. Molecular imaging based on reporter gene expression, in particular, can elucidate tumor-specific events or processes by acquiring images of a reporter gene’s expression driven by tumor-specific enhancers/promoters. In this review, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various experimental HCC mouse models and we present in vivo images of tumor-specific reporter gene expression driven by an alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) enhancer/promoter system in a mouse model of HCC. The current mouse models of HCC development are established by xenograft, carcinogen induction and genetic engineering, representing the spectrum of tumor-inducing factors and tumor locations. The imaging analysis approach of reporter genes driven by AFP enhancer/promoter is presented for these different HCC mouse models. Such molecular imaging can provide longitudinal information about carcinogenesis and tumor progression. We expect that clinical application of AFP-targeted reporter gene expression imaging systems will be useful for the detection of AFP-expressing HCC tumors and screening of increased/decreased AFP levels due to disease or drug treatment.
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198
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El-Ashmawy NE, Khedr EG, El-Bahrawy HA, Abd El-Fattah EE. Effect of Pomegranate Hull Extract on Liver Neoplastic Changes in Rats: More than an Antioxidant. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:1044-51. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1192205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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199
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Ohri N, Dawson LA, Krishnan S, Seong J, Cheng JC, Sarin SK, Kinkhabwala M, Ahmed MM, Vikram B, Coleman CN, Guha C. Radiotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: New Indications and Directions for Future Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 108:djw133. [PMID: 27377923 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide; its incidence is increasing in the United States. Depending on disease extent and underlying liver status, patients may be treated with local, locoregional, and/or systemic therapy. Recent data indicates that radiotherapy (RT) can play a meaningful role in the management of HCC. Here, we review published experiences using RT for HCC, including the use of radiosensitizers and stereotactic RT. We discuss methods for performing preclinical studies of RT for HCC and biomarkers of response. As a part of the HCC Working Group, an informal committee of the National Cancer Institute's Radiation Research Program, we suggest how RT should be implemented in the management of HCC and identify future directions for the study of RT in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Ohri
- Department of Radiation Oncology (NO, CG) and Montefiore-Einstein Center for Transplantation (MK), Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (LAD); Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (SK); Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University Hospital, Seoul, North Korea (JS); Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (JCC); Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India (SKS); Molecular Radiation Therapeutics Branch (MMA) and Clinical Radiation Oncology Branch (BV), Radiation Research Program (CNC), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Laura A Dawson
- Department of Radiation Oncology (NO, CG) and Montefiore-Einstein Center for Transplantation (MK), Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (LAD); Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (SK); Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University Hospital, Seoul, North Korea (JS); Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (JCC); Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India (SKS); Molecular Radiation Therapeutics Branch (MMA) and Clinical Radiation Oncology Branch (BV), Radiation Research Program (CNC), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Radiation Oncology (NO, CG) and Montefiore-Einstein Center for Transplantation (MK), Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (LAD); Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (SK); Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University Hospital, Seoul, North Korea (JS); Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (JCC); Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India (SKS); Molecular Radiation Therapeutics Branch (MMA) and Clinical Radiation Oncology Branch (BV), Radiation Research Program (CNC), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jinsil Seong
- Department of Radiation Oncology (NO, CG) and Montefiore-Einstein Center for Transplantation (MK), Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (LAD); Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (SK); Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University Hospital, Seoul, North Korea (JS); Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (JCC); Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India (SKS); Molecular Radiation Therapeutics Branch (MMA) and Clinical Radiation Oncology Branch (BV), Radiation Research Program (CNC), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jason C Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology (NO, CG) and Montefiore-Einstein Center for Transplantation (MK), Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (LAD); Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (SK); Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University Hospital, Seoul, North Korea (JS); Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (JCC); Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India (SKS); Molecular Radiation Therapeutics Branch (MMA) and Clinical Radiation Oncology Branch (BV), Radiation Research Program (CNC), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Shiv K Sarin
- Department of Radiation Oncology (NO, CG) and Montefiore-Einstein Center for Transplantation (MK), Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (LAD); Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (SK); Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University Hospital, Seoul, North Korea (JS); Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (JCC); Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India (SKS); Molecular Radiation Therapeutics Branch (MMA) and Clinical Radiation Oncology Branch (BV), Radiation Research Program (CNC), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Milan Kinkhabwala
- Department of Radiation Oncology (NO, CG) and Montefiore-Einstein Center for Transplantation (MK), Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (LAD); Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (SK); Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University Hospital, Seoul, North Korea (JS); Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (JCC); Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India (SKS); Molecular Radiation Therapeutics Branch (MMA) and Clinical Radiation Oncology Branch (BV), Radiation Research Program (CNC), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mansoor M Ahmed
- Department of Radiation Oncology (NO, CG) and Montefiore-Einstein Center for Transplantation (MK), Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (LAD); Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (SK); Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University Hospital, Seoul, North Korea (JS); Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (JCC); Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India (SKS); Molecular Radiation Therapeutics Branch (MMA) and Clinical Radiation Oncology Branch (BV), Radiation Research Program (CNC), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Bhadrasain Vikram
- Department of Radiation Oncology (NO, CG) and Montefiore-Einstein Center for Transplantation (MK), Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (LAD); Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (SK); Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University Hospital, Seoul, North Korea (JS); Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (JCC); Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India (SKS); Molecular Radiation Therapeutics Branch (MMA) and Clinical Radiation Oncology Branch (BV), Radiation Research Program (CNC), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - C Norman Coleman
- Department of Radiation Oncology (NO, CG) and Montefiore-Einstein Center for Transplantation (MK), Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (LAD); Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (SK); Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University Hospital, Seoul, North Korea (JS); Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (JCC); Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India (SKS); Molecular Radiation Therapeutics Branch (MMA) and Clinical Radiation Oncology Branch (BV), Radiation Research Program (CNC), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Chandan Guha
- Department of Radiation Oncology (NO, CG) and Montefiore-Einstein Center for Transplantation (MK), Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (LAD); Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (SK); Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University Hospital, Seoul, North Korea (JS); Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (JCC); Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India (SKS); Molecular Radiation Therapeutics Branch (MMA) and Clinical Radiation Oncology Branch (BV), Radiation Research Program (CNC), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
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Chemopreventive effects of pequi oil (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) on preneoplastic lesions in a mouse model of hepatocarcinogenesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 2016; 25:299-305. [DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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