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Ghrelin accelerates wound healing through GHS-R1a-mediated MAPK-NF-κB/GR signaling pathways in combined radiation and burn injury in rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27499. [PMID: 27271793 PMCID: PMC4895129 DOI: 10.1038/srep27499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic effect of ghrelin on wound healing was assessed using a rat model of combined radiation and burn injury (CRBI). Rat ghrelin, anti-rat tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α polyclonal antibody (PcAb), or selective antagonists of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) 1a (SB203580, SP600125, and [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6, respectively), were administered for seven consecutive days. Levels of various signaling molecules were assessed in isolated rat peritoneal macrophages. The results showed that serum ghrelin levels and levels of macrophage glucocorticoid receptor (GR) decreased, while phosphorylation of p38MAPK, JNK, and p65 nuclear factor (NF) κB increased. Ghrelin inhibited the serum induction of proinflammatory mediators, especially TNF-α, and promoted wound healing in a dose-dependent manner. Ghrelin treatment decreased phosphorylation of p38MAPK, JNK, and p65NF-κB, and increased GR levels in the presence of GHS-R1a. SB203580 or co-administration of SB203580 and SP600125 decreased TNF-α level, which may have contributed to the inactivation of p65NF-κB and increase in GR expression, as confirmed by western blotting. In conclusion, ghrelin enhances wound recovery in CRBI rats, possibly by decreasing the induction of TNF-α or other proinflammatory mediators that are involved in the regulation of GHS-R1a-mediated MAPK-NF-κB/GR signaling pathways.
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152
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Midgley AC, Morris G, Phillips AO, Steadman R. 17β-estradiol ameliorates age-associated loss of fibroblast function by attenuating IFN-γ/STAT1-dependent miR-7 upregulation. Aging Cell 2016; 15:531-41. [PMID: 26931423 PMCID: PMC4854905 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Age‐related defects in fibroblast differentiation and functionality were previously shown to be associated with impaired hyaluronan (HA) synthase 2 (HAS2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) function, as a result of upregulated microRNA‐7 (miR‐7) expression. In aging fibroblasts, inhibiting miR‐7 prevented the dysregulation of the HA‐mediated CD44/EGFR signaling pathway. Here, we investigated transcriptional upregulation of miR‐7 and implicated the age‐associated over‐activation of JAK/STAT1 as a primary candidate. STAT1 binding sites were identified on the putative miR‐7 promoter and stimulation of fibroblasts with the inflammatory cytokine, interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), significantly increased miR‐7 transcriptional activity and resulted in upregulated miR‐7 and loss of EGFR. Additionally, we demonstrated a role for the anti‐inflammatory steroid, 17β‐estradiol (E2), in the attenuation of miR‐7 expression. E2 stimulation promoted estrogen receptor (ER) interactions with the miR‐7 putative promoter and suppressed miR‐7 expression. E2 also attenuated STAT1 expression and activity. Furthermore, treatments with E2 restored fibroblast functionality, including proliferation, migration and differentiation, key events in effective wound healing. In light of our findings, we propose that the regulation of miR‐7 by pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory mediators plays a wider role than previously thought. The modulation of fibroblast functions and ultimately wound healing by miR‐7 activators or inhibitors could provide realistic targets for the restoration of chronic wound healing capabilities in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C. Midgley
- Institute of Nephrology, Wales Kidney Research Unit; Division of Infection and Immunity; Cardiff University; College of Biomedical and Life Sciences; University Hospital of Wales; Heath Park Wales CF14 4XN UK
| | - Glyn Morris
- Institute of Nephrology, Wales Kidney Research Unit; Division of Infection and Immunity; Cardiff University; College of Biomedical and Life Sciences; University Hospital of Wales; Heath Park Wales CF14 4XN UK
| | - Aled O. Phillips
- Institute of Nephrology, Wales Kidney Research Unit; Division of Infection and Immunity; Cardiff University; College of Biomedical and Life Sciences; University Hospital of Wales; Heath Park Wales CF14 4XN UK
| | - Robert Steadman
- Institute of Nephrology, Wales Kidney Research Unit; Division of Infection and Immunity; Cardiff University; College of Biomedical and Life Sciences; University Hospital of Wales; Heath Park Wales CF14 4XN UK
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153
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Samejima T, Nagamatsu T, Schust DJ, Itaoka N, Iriyama T, Nakayama T, Komatsu A, Kawana K, Osuga Y, Fujii T. Elevated concentration of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in the cervical mucus before delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 214:741.e1-7. [PMID: 26778384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical remodeling during parturition progresses under exquisite regulation by immunologic mediators and proteases. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor is a secretory protein that can function as an antimicrobial peptide, an antiinflammatory molecule, and a protease inhibitor. The involvement of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in cervical remodeling before and during parturition is understood poorly. OBJECTIVE We aimed to reveal the role of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in the cervical remodeling process before normal term delivery and to evaluate its utility as a predictive biomarker for timing of delivery. STUDY DESIGN Cervical mucus samples were collected prospectively at weekly prenatal visits from a cohort of pregnant women at term. The secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor concentrations in 95 mucus samples that were obtained from 49 women with uncomplicated pregnancy who subsequently underwent normal vaginal delivery were assessed. Alterations in secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor concentrations at term and the association of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor levels with the time to delivery were analyzed. RESULTS A moderate positive correlation with significance was detected between cervical mucus secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor concentrations and days to delivery (r = 0.38; P = .0001). The secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor concentration was significantly higher in samples that were collected within 7 days of delivery when compared with samples that were collected >7 days before delivery (P = .001). Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor concentrations were also significantly higher in samples from women with premature rupture of membranes when compared with those without premature rupture of membranes (P = .01), all of whom delivered within 7 days. A logistic regression analysis revealed that the cervical secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor level was a significant parameter for the prediction of the onset of delivery. (P = .017; unit odds ratio, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-1.61). A cut-off value of cervical secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor/total protein to predict delivery within 7 days was determined to be 1.62 μg/mg (sensitivity, 0.69; specificity, 0.72) using receiver operating characteristic curve-analysis. CONCLUSION Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor concentrations in the cervical mucus elevate progressively before delivery in uncomplicated term pregnancies. Our findings suggest that cervical secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor is a candidate biomarker for delivery prediction.
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154
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Ogai K, Matsumoto M, Aoki M, Minematsu T, Kitamura K, Kobayashi M, Sanada H, Sugama J. Increased level of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) on the skin of Japanese obese males: measured by quantitative skin blotting. Int J Cosmet Sci 2016; 38:462-9. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Ogai
- Wellness Promotion Science Center; Institute of Medical; Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; 5-11-80 Kodatsuno Kanazawa Ishikawa 9200942 Japan
| | - M. Matsumoto
- Wellness Promotion Science Center; Institute of Medical; Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; 5-11-80 Kodatsuno Kanazawa Ishikawa 9200942 Japan
- Division of Health Science; Department of Clinical Nursing; Graduate School of Medicine; Kanazawa University; 5-11-80 Kodatsuno Kanazawa Ishikawa 9200942 Japan
| | - M. Aoki
- Division of Health Science; Department of Clinical Nursing; Graduate School of Medicine; Kanazawa University; 5-11-80 Kodatsuno Kanazawa Ishikawa 9200942 Japan
| | - T. Minematsu
- Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 1130033 Japan
| | - K. Kitamura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kanazawa University; 5-11-80 Kodatsuno Kanazawa Ishikawa 9200942 Japan
| | - M. Kobayashi
- Wellness Promotion Science Center; Institute of Medical; Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; 5-11-80 Kodatsuno Kanazawa Ishikawa 9200942 Japan
| | - H. Sanada
- Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 1130033 Japan
| | - J. Sugama
- Wellness Promotion Science Center; Institute of Medical; Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; 5-11-80 Kodatsuno Kanazawa Ishikawa 9200942 Japan
- Division of Health Science; Department of Clinical Nursing; Graduate School of Medicine; Kanazawa University; 5-11-80 Kodatsuno Kanazawa Ishikawa 9200942 Japan
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155
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Wagner VP, Curra M, Webber LP, Nör C, Matte U, Meurer L, Martins MD. Photobiomodulation regulates cytokine release and new blood vessel formation during oral wound healing in rats. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:665-71. [PMID: 26868031 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-1904-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on cytokine levels and angiogenesis during oral wound healing. Ulcers were made on the dorsum of the tongue in 48 Wistar rats. Irradiation with an indium-gallium-aluminum-phosphide (InGaAlP) laser (660 nm; output power, 40 mW; spot size, 0.04 cm(2)) was performed once a day on two points of the ulcer for 14 days. Two different energy densities were used: 4 J/cm(2) (energy per point 0.16 J, total energy 0.32 J) and 20 J/cm(2) (energy per point 0.8 J, total energy 1.6 J). Tissue levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Image analysis of CD31-immunostained sections was used to investigate microvessel density (MVD). PBM increased the tissue levels of IL-1β at the early stage of oral wound healing (p < 0.01) and increased the tissue levels of TNF-α during all stages of oral wound healing (p < 0.05). PBM at a dose of 4 J/cm(2) produced more significant results regarding cytokine modulation and was associated with higher MVD at day 5. Collectively, these findings indicate that cytokine modulation and increased angiogenesis are among the basic mechanisms whereby PBM improves oral wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Petersen Wagner
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marina Curra
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Liana Preto Webber
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carolina Nör
- Cancer Research Laboratory, University Hospital Research Center (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ursula Matte
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luise Meurer
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Manoela Domingues Martins
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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156
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Alvarez MM, Liu JC, Trujillo-de Santiago G, Cha BH, Vishwakarma A, Ghaemmaghami AM, Khademhosseini A. Delivery strategies to control inflammatory response: Modulating M1-M2 polarization in tissue engineering applications. J Control Release 2016; 240:349-363. [PMID: 26778695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are key players in many physiological scenarios including tissue homeostasis. In response to injury, typically the balance between macrophage sub-populations shifts from an M1 phenotype (pro-inflammatory) to an M2 phenotype (anti-inflammatory). In tissue engineering scenarios, after implantation of any device, it is desirable to exercise control on this M1-M2 progression and to ensure a timely and smooth transition from the inflammatory to the healing stage. In this review, we briefly introduce the current state of knowledge regarding macrophage function and nomenclature. Next, we discuss the use of controlled release strategies to tune the balance between the M1 and M2 phenotypes in the context of tissue engineering applications. We discuss recent literature related to the release of anti-inflammatory molecules (including nucleic acids) and the sequential release of cytokines to promote a timely M1-M2 shift. In addition, we describe the use of macrophages as controlled release agents upon stimulation by physical and/or mechanical cues provided by scaffolds. Moreover, we discuss current and future applications of "smart" implantable scaffolds capable of controlling the cascade of biochemical events related to healing and vascularization. Finally, we provide our opinion on the current challenges and the future research directions to improve our understanding of the M1-M2 macrophage balance and properly exploit it in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Moisés Alvarez
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Microsystems Technologies Laboratories, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Julie C Liu
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; School of Chemical Engineering and Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Microsystems Technologies Laboratories, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Byung-Hyun Cha
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ajaykumar Vishwakarma
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amir M Ghaemmaghami
- Division of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Microsystems Technologies Laboratories, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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157
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Kim YH, Tabata Y. Recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells and macrophages by dual release of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and a macrophage recruitment agent enhances wound closure. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:942-56. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Hee Kim
- Department of Biomaterials, Field of Tissue Engineering; Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University; 53 Kawara-Cho Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku Kyoto 606-8507 Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Department of Biomaterials, Field of Tissue Engineering; Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University; 53 Kawara-Cho Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku Kyoto 606-8507 Japan
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158
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Majchrzak-Gorecka M, Majewski P, Grygier B, Murzyn K, Cichy J. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), a multifunctional protein in the host defense response. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 28:79-93. [PMID: 26718149 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), a ∼12kDa nonglycosylated cationic protein, is emerging as an important regulator of innate and adaptive immunity and as a component of tissue regenerative programs. First described as an inhibitor of serine proteases such as neutrophil elastase, this protein is increasingly recognized as a molecule that benefits the host via its anti-proteolytic, anti-microbial and immunomodulatory activities. Here, we discuss the diverse functions of SLPI. Moreover, we review several novel layers of SLPI-mediated control that protect the host from excessive/dysregulated inflammation typical of infectious, allergic and autoinflammatory diseases and that support healing responses through affecting cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Majchrzak-Gorecka
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Pawel Majewski
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Beata Grygier
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Murzyn
- Department of Computational Biophysics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Cichy
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
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159
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Godwin A, Sharma A, Yang WL, Wang Z, Nicastro J, Coppa GF, Wang P. Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 3 Deficiency Delays Cutaneous Wound Healing. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140514. [PMID: 26451737 PMCID: PMC4599740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing consists of a complex, dynamic and overlapping process involving inflammation, proliferation and tissue remodeling. A better understanding of wound healing process at the molecular level is needed for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) controls programmed necrosis in response to TNF-α during inflammation and has been shown to be highly induced during cutaneous wound repair. However, its role in wound healing remains to be demonstrated. To study this, we created dorsal cutaneous wounds on male wild-type (WT) and RIPK3-deficient (Ripk3-/-) mice. Wound area was measured daily until day 14 post-wound and skin tissues were collected from wound sites at various days for analysis. The wound healing rate in Ripk3-/- mice was slower than the WT mice over the 14-day course; especially, at day 7, the wound size in Ripk3-/- mice was 53% larger than that of WT mice. H&E and Masson-Trichrome staining analysis showed impaired quality of wound closure in Ripk3-/- wounds with delayed re-epithelialization and angiogenesis and defected granulation tissue formation and collagen deposition compared to WT. The neutrophil infiltration pattern was altered in Ripk3-/- wounds with less neutrophils at day 1 and more neutrophils at day 3. This altered pattern was also reflected in the differential expression of IL-6, KC, IL-1β and TNF-α between WT and Ripk3-/- wounds. MMP-9 protein expression was decreased with increased Timp-1 mRNA in the Ripk3-/- wounds compared to WT. The microvascular density along with the intensity and timing of induction of proangiogenic growth factors VEGF and TGF-β1 were also decreased or delayed in the Ripk3-/- wounds. Furthermore, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from Ripk3-/- mice migrated less towards chemoattractants TGF-β1 and PDGF than MEFs from WT mice. These results clearly demonstrate that RIPK3 is an essential molecule to maintain the temporal manner of the normal progression of wound closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Godwin
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Archna Sharma
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Weng-Lang Yang
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Nicastro
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Gene F. Coppa
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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160
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Fox JD, Baquerizo-Nole KL, Keegan BR, Macquhae F, Escandon J, Espinosa A, Perez C, Romanelli P, Kirsner RS. Adalimumab treatment leads to reduction of tissue tumor necrosis factor-alpha correlated with venous leg ulcer improvement: a pilot study. Int Wound J 2015; 13:963-6. [PMID: 26399369 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) have higher tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels compared with normal skin. Refractory VLUs of long duration have higher TNF-α levels compared with VLUs of shorter duration. As up to 75% of VLUs fail to heal with standard care, we sought to evaluate the role of anti-TNF-α therapy for patients with refractory VLUs. Evaluable data were obtained in four of five subjects with recalcitrant VLUs treated with 80 mg of subcutaneous adalimumab at week 0 and with 40 mg at week 2 along with compression therapy and were followed-up for 6 weeks. Wound biopsies taken at weeks 0 and 4 were stained with anti-TNF-α antibodies. Average 4-week percent wound size reduction was 20.5% ± 6.4%. Two patients had wound size reduction more than 25%, and their percent wound size reduction correlated to percent TNF-α staining score reductions (P = 0.02, R(2) = 0.999). VLU TNF-α level decrease 4 weeks post-adalimumab treatment correlated with wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Fox
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Flor Macquhae
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Julia Escandon
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Aliette Espinosa
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Carmen Perez
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Paolo Romanelli
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Robert S Kirsner
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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161
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Fan ZW, Pang YX, Wang K, Yu FL, Wang D, Yang Q, Ma QS, Li XT, Zou J, Zhang WQ, Wu LF. Blumea balsamifera Oil for the Acceleration of Healing of Burn Injuries. Molecules 2015; 20:17166-79. [PMID: 26393555 PMCID: PMC6331808 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200917166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Blumea balsamifera oil (BBO) is a main extract obtained from Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC (Ainaxiang) leaves, which are widely used as a traditional medicine by the Miao and Li Nations to promote skin trauma or burn injury healing. This study was initiated to investigate the healing efficacy in deep second-degree burn model in rats. The rats were treated by BBO for 21 consecutive days. The rate of healing, scabs dropped time and re-epithelialization time were observed every three days for 21 days after burn injury. The samples were collected from different treated rats by sacrificing the animals on the 1st, 2nd, 5th, 9th, 14th, and 21st day post-burn creation. Then, the water content of burn tissue was measured. Plasma interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels were evaluated, and the tissue expressions of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) were determined along with skin histopathology. The results showed that the water content of tissue was significantly reduced, the scabs dropped time shortened, and healing accelerated after treatment with BBO in the burn injury rats. Furthermore, the expressions of growth factors were significantly increased in the tissue; however, the levels of inflammatory factors on plasma decreased. This study confirms the efficacy of BBO consumption on burn injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuo-Wang Fan
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, China.
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Danzhou 571737, China.
- Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Blumea balsamifera, Danzhou 571737, China.
| | - Yu-Xin Pang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Danzhou 571737, China.
- Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Blumea balsamifera, Danzhou 571737, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Danzhou 571737, China.
- Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Blumea balsamifera, Danzhou 571737, China.
| | - Fu-Lai Yu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Danzhou 571737, China.
- Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Blumea balsamifera, Danzhou 571737, China.
| | - Dan Wang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Danzhou 571737, China.
- Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Blumea balsamifera, Danzhou 571737, China.
| | - Quan Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Qing-Song Ma
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, China.
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Danzhou 571737, China.
- Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Blumea balsamifera, Danzhou 571737, China.
| | - Xiao-Ting Li
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, China.
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Danzhou 571737, China.
- Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Blumea balsamifera, Danzhou 571737, China.
| | - Jin Zou
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, China.
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Danzhou 571737, China.
- Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Blumea balsamifera, Danzhou 571737, China.
| | - Wen-Qing Zhang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, China.
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Danzhou 571737, China.
- Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Blumea balsamifera, Danzhou 571737, China.
| | - Li-Fen Wu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, China.
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Danzhou 571737, China.
- Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Blumea balsamifera, Danzhou 571737, China.
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162
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Zhang C, Ponugoti B, Tian C, Xu F, Tarapore R, Batres A, Alsadun S, Lim J, Dong G, Graves DT. FOXO1 differentially regulates both normal and diabetic wound healing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 209:289-303. [PMID: 25918228 PMCID: PMC4411275 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201409032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
FOXO1 differentially regulates normal and diabetic wound healing through a switch in downstream targets influenced by the effect of glucose and advanced glycation end products. Healing is delayed in diabetic wounds. We previously demonstrated that lineage-specific Foxo1 deletion in keratinocytes interfered with normal wound healing and keratinocyte migration. Surprisingly, the same deletion of Foxo1 in diabetic wounds had the opposite effect, significantly improving the healing response. In normal glucose media, forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) enhanced keratinocyte migration through up-regulating TGFβ1. In high glucose, FOXO1 nuclear localization was induced but FOXO1 did not bind to the TGFβ1 promoter or stimulate TGFβ1 transcription. Instead, in high glucose, FOXO1 enhanced expression of serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade B (ovalbumin), member 2 (SERPINB2), and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20). The impact of high glucose on keratinocyte migration was rescued by silencing FOXO1, by reducing SERPINB2 or CCL20, or by insulin treatment. In addition, an advanced glycation end product and tumor necrosis factor had a similar regulatory effect on FOXO1 and its downstream targets and inhibited keratinocyte migration in a FOXO1-dependent manner. Thus, FOXO1 expression can positively or negatively modulate keratinocyte migration and wound healing by its differential effect on downstream targets modulated by factors present in diabetic healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenying Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Bhaskar Ponugoti
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Chen Tian
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Fanxing Xu
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Rohinton Tarapore
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Angelika Batres
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Sarah Alsadun
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jason Lim
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Guangyu Dong
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Dana T Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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163
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Mohn CE, Steimetz T, Surkin PN, Fernandez-Solari J, Elverdin JC, Guglielmotti MB. Effects of saliva on early post-tooth extraction tissue repair in rats. Wound Repair Regen 2015; 23:241-50. [DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia E. Mohn
- Department of Physiology; School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires; Argentina
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Research; Argentina
| | - Tammy Steimetz
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Pablo N. Surkin
- Department of Physiology; School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires; Argentina
| | - Javier Fernandez-Solari
- Department of Physiology; School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires; Argentina
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Research; Argentina
| | - Juan C. Elverdin
- Department of Physiology; School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires; Argentina
| | - María B. Guglielmotti
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Research; Argentina
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
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164
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Goodman SM. Optimizing Perioperative Outcomes for Older Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Undergoing Arthroplasty: Emphasis on Medication Management. Drugs Aging 2015; 32:361-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s40266-015-0262-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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165
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Thrombomodulin promotes diabetic wound healing by regulating toll-like receptor 4 expression. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:1668-1675. [PMID: 25651160 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Keratinocyte-expressed thrombomodulin (TM) and the released soluble TM (sTM) have been demonstrated to promote wound healing. However, the effects of high glucose on TM expression in keratinocytes and the role of TM in diabetic ulcer remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that expressions of TM and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) were both downregulated in high-glucose cultured human keratinocytes and in skin keratinocytes of diabetic patients. In addition, the wound-triggered upregulation of TM and sTM production was abolished in both high-glucose cultured human keratinocytes and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse skin. Furthermore, supplementation of recombinant sTM could increase TLR4 expression and promote cutaneous wound healing in both high-glucose cultured human keratinocytes and diabetic mice. However, in Tlr4-deleted mice, which exhibited delayed wound healing, the therapeutic benefit of recombinant sTM was abrogated. Moreover, our results showed that tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression in keratinocytes was dose-dependently upregulated by glucose, and TNF-α treatment downregulated the expression of TM and TLR4. Taken together, high-glucose environment reduces the expression of TM and TLR4 in keratinocytes possibly through the action of TNF-α, and recombinant sTM can increase the TLR4 expression and promote wound healing under diabetic condition.
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166
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Jones RGA, Martino A. Targeted localized use of therapeutic antibodies: a review of non-systemic, topical and oral applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 36:506-20. [PMID: 25600465 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.992388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies provide important tools in the "medicine chest" of today's clinician for the treatment of a range of disorders. Typically monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies are administered in large doses, either directly or indirectly into the circulation, via a systemic route which is well suited for disseminated ailments. Diseases confined within a specific localized tissue, however, may be treated more effectively and at reduced cost by a delivery system which targets directly the affected area. To explore the advantages of the local administration of antibodies, we reviewed current alternative, non-systemic delivery approaches which are in clinical use, being trialed or developed. These less conventional approaches comprise: (a) local injections, (b) topical and (c) peroral administration routes. Local delivery includes intra-ocular injections into the vitreal humor (i.e. Ranibizumab for age-related macular degeneration), subconjunctival injections (e.g. Bevacizumab for corneal neovascularization), intra-articular joint injections (i.e. anti-TNF alpha antibody for persistent inflammatory monoarthritis) and intratumoral or peritumoral injections (e.g. Ipilimumab for cancer). A range of other strategies, such as the local use of antibacterial antibodies, are also presented. Local injections of antibodies utilize doses which range from 1/10th to 1/100th of the required systemic dose therefore reducing both side-effects and treatment costs. In addition, any therapeutic antibody escaping from the local site of disease into the systemic circulation is immediately diluted within the large blood volume, further lowering the potential for unwanted effects. Needle-free topical application routes become an option when the condition is restricted locally to an external surface. The topical route may potentially be utilized in the form of eye drops for infections or corneal neovascularization or be applied to diseased skin for psoriasis, dermatitis, pyoderma gangrenosum, antibiotic resistant bacterial infections or ulcerated wounds. Diseases confined to the gastrointestinal tract can be targeted directly by applying antibody via the injection-free peroral route. The gastrointestinal tract is unusual in that its natural immuno-tolerant nature ensures the long-term safety of repeatedly ingesting heterologous antiserum or antibody materials. Without the stringent regulatory, purity and clean room requirements of manufacturing parenteral (injectable) antibodies, production costs are minimal, with the potential for more direct low-cost targeting of gastrointestinal diseases, especially with those caused by problematic antibiotic resistant or toxigenic bacteria (e.g. Clostridium difficile, Helicobacter pylori), viruses (e.g. rotavirus, norovirus) or inflammatory bowel disease (e.g. ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease). Use of the oral route has previously been hindered by excessive antibody digestion within the gastrointestinal tract; however, this limitation may be overcome by intelligently applying one or more strategies (i.e. decoy proteins, masking therapeutic antibody cleavage sites, pH modulation, enzyme inhibition or encapsulation). These aspects are additionally discussed in this review and novel insights also provided. With the development of new applications via local injections, topical and peroral routes, it is envisaged that an extended range of ailments will increasingly fall within the clinical scope of therapeutic antibodies further expanding this market.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela Martino
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry , UK
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167
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Macrophage peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ deficiency delays skin wound healing through impairing apoptotic cell clearance in mice. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1597. [PMID: 25590807 PMCID: PMC4669743 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Skin wound macrophages are key regulators of skin repair and their dysfunction causes chronic, non-healing skin wounds. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) regulates pleiotropic functions of macrophages, but its contribution in skin wound healing is poorly defined. We observed that macrophage PPARγ expression was upregulated during skin wound healing. Furthermore, macrophage PPARγ deficiency (PPARγ-knock out (KO)) mice exhibited impaired skin wound healing with reduced collagen deposition, angiogenesis and granulation formation. The tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) expression in wounds of PPARγ-KO mice was significantly increased and local restoration of TNF-α reversed the healing deficit in PPARγ-KO mice. Wound macrophages produced higher levels of TNF-α in PPARγ-KO mice compared with control. In vitro, the higher production of TNF-α by PPARγ-KO macrophages was associated with impaired apoptotic cell clearance. Correspondingly, increased apoptotic cell accumulation was found in skin wound of PPARγ-KO mice. Mechanically, peritoneal and skin wound macrophages expressed lower levels of various phagocytosis-related molecules. In addition, PPARγ agonist accelerated wound healing and reduced local TNF-α expression and wound apoptotic cells accumulation in wild type but not PPARγ-KO mice. Therefore, PPARγ has a pivotal role in controlling wound macrophage clearance of apoptotic cells to ensure efficient skin wound healing, suggesting a potential new therapeutic target for skin wound healing.
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168
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Effects of weekly LED therapy at 625 nm on the treatment of chronic lower ulcers. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 30:367-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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169
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Schweizer D, Serno T, Goepferich A. Controlled release of therapeutic antibody formats. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 88:291-309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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170
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Orhan IE, Kartal M, Gülpinar AR, Yetkin G, Orlikova B, Diederich M, Tasdemir D. Inhibitory effect of St. John׳s Wort oil macerates on TNFα-induced NF-κB activation and their fatty acid composition. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:1086-1092. [PMID: 24993886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The oil macerates of Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John׳s Wort=SJW) have a long history of medicinal use and SJW has been used in traditional medicine both orally and topically for centuries worldwide mainly for wound healing, ulcer and inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed the fatty acid composition of 10 traditionally (home-made) and 13 commercially (ready-made) prepared SJW oil macerates by GC-MS. The acid, peroxide, iodine, saponification values, and the unsaponifiable matters of the samples were determined according to the European Pharmacopoeia. We also explored potential mechanism of wound healing effect of the samples, i.e. TNFα-induced NF-κB activation. RESULTS The most home-made oil samples contained oleic acid predominantly and complied with the requirements set for olive oil by European Pharmacopoeia. However, majority of the ready-made samples appeared to have adulteration with some other oils. Moderate NF-κB inhibitory effects have been observed with some of the oil samples. CONCLUSION This study sheds light on the fact that application of the proper traditional method to prepare olive oil macerates from Hypericum perforatum is able to get bioactive constituents in the oil. Besides, inhibition of TNFα-induced NF-κB activation appears to be a potential mechanism for topical wound healing activity of SJW oil macerates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkay Erdogan Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Murat Kartal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Rifat Gülpinar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülin Yetkin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Barbora Orlikova
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea; Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Marc Diederich
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Deniz Tasdemir
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland.
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171
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Symonette CJ, Kaur Mann A, Tan XC, Tolg C, Ma J, Perera F, Yazdani A, Turley EA. Hyaluronan-phosphatidylethanolamine polymers form pericellular coats on keratinocytes and promote basal keratinocyte proliferation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:727459. [PMID: 25276814 PMCID: PMC4172883 DOI: 10.1155/2014/727459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aged keratinocytes have diminished proliferative capacity and hyaluronan (HA) cell coats, which are losses that contribute to atrophic skin characterized by reduced barrier and repair functions. We formulated HA-phospholipid (phosphatidylethanolamine, HA-PE) polymers that form pericellular coats around cultured dermal fibroblasts independently of CD44 or RHAMM display. We investigated the ability of these HA-PE polymers to penetrate into aged mouse skin and restore epidermal function in vivo. Topically applied Alexa(647)-HA-PE penetrated into the epidermis and dermis, where it associated with both keratinocytes and fibroblasts. In contrast, Alexa(647)-HA was largely retained in the outer cornified layer of the epidermis and quantification of fluorescence confirmed that significantly more Alexa(647)-HA-PE penetrated into and was retained within the epidermis than Alexa(647)-HA. Multiple topical applications of HA-PE to shaved mouse skin significantly stimulated basal keratinocyte proliferation and epidermal thickness compared to HA or vehicle cream alone. HA-PE had no detectable effect on keratinocyte differentiation and did not promote local or systemic inflammation. These effects of HA-PE polymers are similar to those reported for endogenous epidermal HA in youthful skin and show that topical application of HA-PE polymers can restore some of the impaired functions of aged epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin J. Symonette
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, Canada N6A 3K7
| | - Aman Kaur Mann
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, Room A4-931A, 790 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, Canada N6A 4L6
| | - Xiao Cherie Tan
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, Room A4-931A, 790 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, Canada N6A 4L6
| | - Cornelia Tolg
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, Room A4-931A, 790 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, Canada N6A 4L6
| | - Jenny Ma
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, Room A4-931A, 790 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, Canada N6A 4L6
| | - Francisco Perera
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, Room A4-931A, 790 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, Canada N6A 4L6
| | - Arjang Yazdani
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, Canada N6A 3K7
- London Health Science Center, Victoria Hospital, Room E2-647, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, Canada N6A 4G5
| | - Eva A. Turley
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, Canada N6A 3K7
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, Room A4-931A, 790 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, Canada N6A 4L6
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172
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Guthrie HC, Martin KR, Taylor C, Spear AM, Whiting R, Macildowie S, Clasper JC, Watts SA. A pre-clinical evaluation of silver, iodine and Manuka honey based dressings in a model of traumatic extremity wounds contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus. Injury 2014; 45:1171-8. [PMID: 24908627 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Prevention of extremity war wound infection remains a clinical challenge. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen in delayed infection. We hypothesised that choice of wound dressings may affect bacterial burden over 7 days reflecting the current practice of delayed primary closure of wounds within this timeframe. A randomised controlled trial of 3 commercially available dressings (Inadine(®) (Johnson & Johnson, NJ, USA), Acticoat(®) (Smith & Nephew, Hull, UK), Activon Tulle (Advancis Medical, Nottingham, UK)) was conducted in a rabbit model of contaminated forelimb muscle injury. A positive control group treated with antibiotics was included. Groups were compared to a saline soaked gauze control. The primary outcome was a statistically significant reduction (p < 0.05) in tissue S. aureus at 7 days post-injury. Secondary outcome measurements included bacteraemias, observational data, whole blood determination, ELISA for plasma biomarkers, PCR array analysis of wound healing gene expression and muscle/lymph node histopathology. Antibiotic, Inadine and Acticoat groups had statistically significant lower bacterial counts (mean 7.13 [95% CI 0.00-96.31]×10(2); 1.66 [0.94-2.58]×10(5); 8.86 [0.00-53.35]×10(4)cfu/g, respectively) and Activon Tulle group had significantly higher counts (2.82 [0.98-5.61]×10(6)cfu/g) than saline soaked gauze control (7.58 [1.65-17.83]×10(5)cfu/g). There were no bacteraemias or significant differences in observational data or whole blood determination. There were no significant differences in muscle/loss or pathology and lymph node cross-sectional area or morphology. There were some significant differences between treatment groups in the plasma cytokines IL-4, TNFα and MCP-1 in comparison to the control. PCR array data demonstrated more general changes in gene expression in the muscle tissue from the Activon Tulle group than the Inadine or Acticoat dressings with a limited number of genes showing significantly altered expression compared to control. This study has demonstrated that both Acticoat(®) and Inadine(®) dressings can reduce the bacteria burden in a heavily contaminated soft tissue wound and so they may offer utility in the clinical setting particularly where surgical treatment is delayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo C Guthrie
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Building 245, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, United Kingdom; Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham Research Park, Vincent Drive, Birmingham B15 2SQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Kevin R Martin
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Building 245, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Taylor
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Building 245, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail M Spear
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Building 245, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Whiting
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Building 245, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Macildowie
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Building 245, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan C Clasper
- Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham Research Park, Vincent Drive, Birmingham B15 2SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah A Watts
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Building 245, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, United Kingdom.
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173
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Jetten N, Roumans N, Gijbels MJ, Romano A, Post MJ, de Winther MPJ, van der Hulst RRWJ, Xanthoulea S. Wound administration of M2-polarized macrophages does not improve murine cutaneous healing responses. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102994. [PMID: 25068282 PMCID: PMC4113363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a crucial role in all stages of cutaneous wound healing responses and dysregulation of macrophage function can result in derailed wound repair. The phenotype of macrophages is influenced by the wound microenvironment and evolves during healing from a more pro-inflammatory (M1) profile in early stages, to a less inflammatory pro-healing (M2) phenotype in later stages of repair. The aim of the current study was to investigate the potential of exogenous administration of M2 macrophages to promote wound healing in an experimental mouse model of cutaneous injury. Bone marrow derived macrophages were stimulated in-vitro with IL-4 or IL-10 to obtain two different subsets of M2-polarized cells, M2a or M2c respectively. Polarized macrophages were injected into full-thickness excisional skin wounds of either C57BL/6 or diabetic db/db mice. Control groups were injected with non-polarized (M0) macrophages or saline. Our data indicate that despite M2 macrophages exhibit an anti-inflammatory phenotype in-vitro, they do not improve wound closure in wild type mice while they delay healing in diabetic mice. Examination of wounds on day 15 post-injury indicated delayed re-epithelialization and persistence of neutrophils in M2 macrophage treated diabetic wounds. Therefore, topical application of ex-vivo generated M2 macrophages is not beneficial and contraindicated for cell therapy of skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Jetten
- Department of Molecular Genetics, CARIM, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Roumans
- Department of Plastic Surgery, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition, Toxicology & Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marion J. Gijbels
- Department of Molecular Genetics, CARIM, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, CARIM, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Romano
- Department of Gynecology, GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J. Post
- Department of Physiology, CARIM, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Menno P. J. de Winther
- Department of Molecular Genetics, CARIM, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rene R. W. J. van der Hulst
- Department of Plastic Surgery, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition, Toxicology & Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sofia Xanthoulea
- Department of Plastic Surgery, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition, Toxicology & Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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174
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Tumor necrosis factor is a therapeutic target for immunological unbalance and cardiac abnormalities in chronic experimental Chagas' heart disease. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:798078. [PMID: 25140115 PMCID: PMC4130030 DOI: 10.1155/2014/798078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Chagas disease (CD) is characterized by parasite persistence and immunological unbalance favoring systemic inflammatory profile. Chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy, the main manifestation of CD, occurs in a TNF-enriched milieu and frequently progresses to heart failure. Aim of the Study. To challenge the hypothesis that TNF plays a key role in Trypanosoma cruzi-induced immune deregulation and cardiac abnormalities, we tested the effect of the anti-TNF antibody Infliximab in chronically T. cruzi-infected C57BL/6 mice, a model with immunological, electrical, and histopathological abnormalities resembling Chagas' heart disease. Results. Infliximab therapy did not reactivate parasite but reshaped the immune response as reduced TNF mRNA expression in the cardiac tissue and plasma TNF and IFNγ levels; diminished the frequency of IL-17A+ but increased IL-10+ CD4+ T-cells; reduced TNF+ but augmented IL-10+ Ly6C+ and F4/80+ cells. Further, anti-TNF therapy decreased cytotoxic activity but preserved IFNγ-producing VNHRFTLV-specific CD8+ T-cells in spleen and reduced the number of perforin+ cells infiltrating the myocardium. Importantly, Infliximab reduced the frequency of mice afflicted by arrhythmias and second degree atrioventricular blocks and decreased fibronectin deposition in the cardiac tissue. Conclusions. Our data support that TNF is a crucial player in the pathogenesis of Chagas' heart disease fueling immunological unbalance which contributes to cardiac abnormalities.
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175
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McCartney-Francis N, Jin W, Belkaid Y, McGrady G, Wahl SM. Aberrant host defense against Leishmania major in the absence of SLPI. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:917-29. [PMID: 25030421 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4a0612-295rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SLPI, a potent epithelial and myeloid-derived serine protease inhibitor with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory functions, is induced by the intracellular parasite Leishmania major, and increased SLPI expression is evident within lesions that follow L. major infection. In contrast to self-resolving infection in C57Bl/6 WT mice, Slpi(-/-) mice launch a strong Th1 response to L. major, yet fail to control infection and develop destructive, nonhealing lesions with systemic spread of parasites. Because SLPI is both produced by murine macrophages and antagonizes their function, we examined the contribution of macrophage polarization to the defective host response in the absence of SLPI. Slpi(-/-) and Slpi(+/+) macrophages were first primed with either IFNγ or IL-4 to generate classically activated M1 or alternatively activated M2 macrophages. After infection with L. major, Slpi(-/-) M1 macrophages expressed elevated iNOS RNA, whereas arginase was more highly expressed in WT than Slpi(-/-) M2 macrophages. After in vivo infection, we found that both IFNγ and iNOS were persistently overexpressed in chronic lesions in Slpi(-/-) mice, but surprisingly, IL-4 and arginase concomitantly remained elevated. Moreover, overexpression of the negative regulators SOCS1 and IL-27 provided insight into the failure of IFNγ to clear L. major from the dermal lesions. Notably, adenoviral delivery of SLPI to L. major-infected Slpi(-/-) mice significantly limited the progression of infection. These studies suggest that convergence of M1 and M2 macrophage responses may influence the outcome of innate host defense against intracellular parasites and that SLPI is critical for coordinating resistance to chronic leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy McCartney-Francis
- Cellular Immunology Section, Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
| | - Wenwen Jin
- Cellular Immunology Section, Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, U.S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - George McGrady
- Cellular Immunology Section, Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
| | - Sharon M Wahl
- Cellular Immunology Section, Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research,
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Knockout of endothelial cell-derived endothelin-1 attenuates skin fibrosis but accelerates cutaneous wound healing. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97972. [PMID: 24853267 PMCID: PMC4031171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelin (ET)-1 is known for the most potent vasoconstrictive peptide that is released mainly from endothelial cells. Several studies have reported ET-1 signaling is involved in the process of wound healing or fibrosis as well as vasodilation. However, little is known about the role of ET-1 in these processes. To clarify its mechanism, we compared skin fibrogenesis and wound repair between vascular endothelial cell-specific ET-1 knockout mice and their wild-type littermates. Bleomycin-injected fibrotic skin of the knockout mice showed significantly decreased skin thickness and collagen content compared to that of wild-type mice, indicating that bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis is attenuated in the knockout mice. The mRNA levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β were decreased in the bleomycin-treated skin of ET-1 knockout mice. On the other hand, skin wound healing was accelerated in ET-1 knockout mice, which was indicated by earlier granulation tissue reduction and re-epithelialization in these mice. The mRNA levels of TGF-β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were reduced in the wound of ET-1 knockout mice. In endothelial ET-1 knockout mouse, the expression of TNF-α, CTGF and TGF-β was down-regulated. Bosentan, an antagonist of dual ET receptors, is known to attenuate skin fibrosis and accelerate wound healing in systemic sclerosis, and such contradictory effect may be mediated by above molecules. The endothelial cell-derived ET-1 is the potent therapeutic target in fibrosis or wound healing, and investigations of the overall regulatory mechanisms of these pathological conditions by ET-1 may lead to a new therapeutic approach.
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Antoniades CG, Khamri W, Abeles RD, Taams LS, Triantafyllou E, Possamai LA, Bernsmeier C, Mitry RR, O'Brien A, Gilroy D, Goldin R, Heneghan M, Heaton N, Jassem W, Bernal W, Vergani D, Ma Y, Quaglia A, Wendon J, Thursz M. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor: a pivotal mediator of anti-inflammatory responses in acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. Hepatology 2014; 59:1564-76. [PMID: 24282114 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure (AALF) is characterized both by activation of innate immune responses and susceptibility to sepsis. Circulating monocytes and hepatic macrophages are central mediators of inflammatory responses and tissue repair processes during human AALF. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) modulates monocyte/macrophage function through inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. The aims of this study were to establish the role of SLPI in AALF. Circulating levels of SLPI, monocyte cluster of differentiation 163 (CD163), human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated levels of NF-κBp65, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 were determined in patients with AALF, chronic liver disease, and healthy controls. Immunohistochemistry and multispectral imaging of AALF explant tissue determined the cellular sources of SLPI and hepatic macrophage phenotype. The phenotype and function of monocytes and macrophages was determined following culture with recombinant human (rh)-SLPI, liver homogenates, and plasma derived from AALF patients in the presence and absence of antihuman (α)SLPI. Hepatic and circulatory concentrations of SLPI were elevated in AALF and immunohistochemistry revealed SLPI expression in biliary epithelial cells and within hepatic macrophages (h-mψ) in areas of necrosis. H-mψ and circulating monocytes in AALF exhibited an anti-inflammatory phenotype and functional characteristics; typified by reductions in NF-κBp65, TNF-α, and IL-6 and preserved IL-10 secretion following LPS challenge. Culture of healthy monocytes with AALF liver homogenates, plasma, or rhSLPI induced monocytes with strikingly similar anti-inflammatory characteristics which were reversed by inhibiting the activity of SLPI. CONCLUSION SLPI is a pivotal mediator of anti-inflammatory responses in AALF through modulation of monocyte/macrophage function, which may account for the susceptibility to sepsis in AALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalambos Gustav Antoniades
- Section of Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK; Institute of Liver Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Regulating inflammation using acid-responsive electrospun fibrous scaffolds for skin scarless healing. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:858045. [PMID: 24795507 PMCID: PMC3984856 DOI: 10.1155/2014/858045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin injury in adult mammals brings about a series of events and inflammation in the wounded area is initiated first and provides lots of inflammatory factors, which is critical for the final scar formation. While the postinjured skin of fetus and nude mice heals scarlessly owing to the absence of inflammation or immunodeficient, we designed a feasible acid-responsive ibuprofen-loaded poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) fibrous scaffolds via doping sodium bicarbonate to prevent excessive inflammation and achieve scarless healing finally. The morphological results of in vivo experiments revealed that animals treated with acid-responsive ibuprofen-loaded PLLA fibrous scaffolds exhibited alleviative inflammation, accelerated healing process, and regulated collagen deposition via interference in the collagen distribution, the α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) expression. The lower ratios of collagen I/collagen III and TGF-β1/TGF-β3 and higher ratio of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1)/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in acid-responsive ibuprofen-loaded PLLA fibrous scaffolds group were confirmed by real-time qPCR as well. These results suggest that inhibiting the excessive inflammation will result in regular collagen distribution and appropriate ratio between the factors, which promote or suppress the scar formation, then decrease the scar area, and finally achieve the scarless healing.
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179
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Kurmann A, Wanner B, Martens F, Klasen J, Stickel F, Montani M, Candinas D, Beldi G. Hepatic steatosis is associated with surgical-site infection after hepatic and colorectal surgery. Surgery 2014; 156:109-16. [PMID: 24929762 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2014.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and increased visceral fat deposits are important risk factors for surgical-site infection (SSI). Interestingly, a potential role of hepatic steatosis on complications after extrahepatic surgery remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of hepatic steatosis on SSI in patients that underwent open abdominal surgery. METHODS A total of 231 patients that underwent either liver (n = 116) or colorectal (n = 115) resection and received preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans were retrospectively investigated. Signal attenuation of the liver parenchyma was measured on computed tomography scans to assess hepatic steatosis. RESULTS More SSIs (including types 1, 2, and 3) were found in the group with hepatic steatosis (56/118 [47.5%]) compared with the control group (30/113 [26.6%]; P = .001). Patients with hepatic steatosis showed greater median body mass index than patients without hepatic steatosis (26.6 kg/m(2) [range 16.8-47.0 kg/m(2)] vs 23.2 kg/m(2) [15.9-32.7 kg/m(2)]; P < .001). Patients with hepatic steatosis experienced longer median operation times (297 minutes [52-708 minutes] vs 240 minutes [80-600 minutes]; P = .003). In a multivariate analysis, hepatic steatosis was identified as an independent risk factor for SSI in patients undergoing hepatic (odds ratio 10.33 [95% confidence interval 1.19-89.76]; P = .03) or colorectal (odds ratio 6.67 [95% confidence interval 1.12-39.33]; P = .04) operation. CONCLUSION Hepatic steatosis is associated with SSI after hepatic and colorectal operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kurmann
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital University Hospital Bern and University Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Wanner
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital University Hospital Bern and University Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Martens
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital University Hospital Bern and University Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Klasen
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital University Hospital Bern and University Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Felix Stickel
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital University Hospital Bern and University Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Montani
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Candinas
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital University Hospital Bern and University Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Guido Beldi
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital University Hospital Bern and University Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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180
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Nagaraja S, Wallqvist A, Reifman J, Mitrophanov AY. Computational approach to characterize causative factors and molecular indicators of chronic wound inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:1824-34. [PMID: 24453259 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is rapidly becoming recognized as a key contributor to numerous pathologies. Despite detailed investigations, understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating inflammation is incomplete. Knowledge of such critical regulatory processes and informative indicators of chronic inflammation is necessary for efficacious therapeutic interventions and diagnostic support to clinicians. We used a computational modeling approach to elucidate the critical factors responsible for chronic inflammation and to identify robust molecular indicators of chronic inflammatory conditions. Our kinetic model successfully captured experimentally observed cell and cytokine dynamics for both acute and chronic inflammatory responses. Using sensitivity analysis, we identified macrophage influx and efflux rate modulation as the strongest inducing factor of chronic inflammation for a wide range of scenarios. Moreover, our model predicted that, among all major inflammatory mediators, IL-6, TGF-β, and PDGF may generally be considered the most sensitive and robust indicators of chronic inflammation, which is supported by existing, but limited, experimental evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridevi Nagaraja
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High-Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702
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Yasojima EY, Teixeira RKC, Houat ADP, Costa FLDS, Silveira EL, Brito MVH, Lopes Filho GDJ. Effect of copaiba oil on correction of abdominal wall defect treated with the use of polypropylene/polyglecaprone mesh. Acta Cir Bras 2013; 28:131-5. [PMID: 23370927 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502013000200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of copaiba oil on the correction of abdominal defect treated with the use of polypropylene/polyglecaprone mesh in rats. METHODS A defect in the abdominal wall was created and corrected with polypropylene/polyglecaprone mesh in 36 rats. They were randomly distributed into three groups: control, copaiba by oral administration (gavage) and copaiba oil dip in the mesh. Euthanasia was performed after seven, 14 and 21 post-operative days. The healing process was analyzed regarding the meshes and macroscopic and microscopic aspects. RESULTS All animals had abdominal adhesions, which were smaller in the copaiba (gavage) group (p<0.05). In microscopy, all animals had an acute inflammation stage and the inflammatory response was best characterized by foreign body-type granulomas around the mesh fragments, which was not found in the mesh fragments within the copaiba dip group. There was a greater area of necrosis and fibrosis in the copaiba dip group compared to the control group (p<0.05). The copaiba (gavage) group had a greater quantity of collagen fibers compared to the control group. CONCLUSION Copaiba oil administered by gavage decreased the amount of abdominal adhesions, besides accelerating the process of collagen fibers formation, without damages within the early stages of healing. However, when used by dip directly on the mesh, it had corrosive effects compromising the healing process of the abdominal wall.
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182
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Yin H, Li X, Hu S, Liu T, Yuan B, Gu H, Ni Q, Zhang X, Zheng F. IL-33 accelerates cutaneous wound healing involved in upregulation of alternatively activated macrophages. Mol Immunol 2013; 56:347-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.05.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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183
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Grotheer V, Goergens M, Fuchs PC, Dunda S, Pallua N, Windolf J, Suschek CV. The performance of an orthosilicic acid-releasing silica gel fiber fleece in wound healing. Biomaterials 2013; 34:7314-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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184
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Ceelen W, Pattyn P, Mareel M. Surgery, wound healing, and metastasis: recent insights and clinical implications. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2013; 89:16-26. [PMID: 23958676 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery-induced acceleration of tumour growth has been observed since several centuries. METHODS We reviewed recent insights from in vitro data, animal experimentation, and clinical studies on how surgery-induced wound healing or resection of a primary cancer influences the tumour-host ecosystem in patients harbouring minimal residual or metastatic disease. RESULTS Most of the growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines orchestrating surgical wound healing promote tumour growth, invasion, or angiogenesis. In addition, resection of a primary tumour may accelerate synchronous metastatic growth. In the clinical setting, indirect evidence supports the relevance of the above findings. Randomized clinical trials are underway comparing resection versus observation in metastatic breast and colon cancer with asymptomatic primary tumours. CONCLUSIONS In depth knowledge of how surgical intervention alters the tumour-host-metastasis communicating ecosystems could have important implications for clinical decision making in patients with synchronous metastatic disease and for the design and timing of multimodality treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim Ceelen
- Department of of Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Piet Pattyn
- Department of of Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marc Mareel
- Department of Radiotherapy and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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185
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Kuffler DP. Platelet-rich plasma and the elimination of neuropathic pain. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 48:315-32. [PMID: 23832571 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathic pain typically results from trauma-induced nociceptive neuron hyperexcitability and their spontaneous ectopic activity. This pain persists until the trauma-induced cascade of events runs its full course, which results in complete tissue repair, including the nociceptive neurons recovering their normal biophysical properties, ceasing to be hyperexcitable, and stopping having spontaneous electrical activity. However, if a wound undergoes no, insufficient, or too much inflammation, or if a wound becomes stuck in an inflammatory state, chronic neuropathic pain persists. Although various drugs and techniques provide temporary relief from chronic neuropathic pain, many have serious side effects, are not effective, none promotes the completion of the wound healing process, and none provides permanent pain relief. This paper examines the hypothesis that chronic neuropathic pain can be permanently eliminated by applying platelet-rich plasma to the site at which the pain originates, thereby triggering the complete cascade of events involved in normal wound repair. Many published papers claim that the clinical application of platelet-rich plasma to painful sites, such as muscle injuries and joints, or to the ends of nerves evoking chronic neuropathic pain, a process often referred to as prolotherapy, eliminates pain initiated at such sites. However, there is no published explanation of a possible mechanism/s by which platelet-rich plasma may accomplish this effect. This paper discusses the normal physiological cascade of trauma-induced events that lead to chronic neuropathic pain and its eventual elimination, techniques being studied to reduce or eliminate neuropathic pain, and how the application of platelet-rich plasma may lead to the permanent elimination of neuropathic pain. It concludes that platelet-rich plasma eliminates neuropathic pain primarily by platelet- and stem cell-released factors initiating the complex cascade of wound healing events, starting with the induction of enhanced inflammation and its complete resolution, followed by all the subsequent steps of tissue remodeling, wound repair and axon regeneration that result in the elimination of neuropathic pain, and also by some of these same factors acting directly on neurons to promote axon regeneration thereby eliminating neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien P Kuffler
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, 201 Blvd. del Valle, San Juan, PR, 00901, USA,
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186
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Zheng XF, Hong YX, Feng GJ, Zhang GF, Rogers H, Lewis MAO, Williams DW, Xia ZF, Song B, Wei XQ. Lipopolysaccharide-induced M2 to M1 macrophage transformation for IL-12p70 production is blocked by Candida albicans mediated up-regulation of EBI3 expression. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63967. [PMID: 23724011 PMCID: PMC3664618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are heterogeneous cell populations that are present in all tissues. Macrophages can be divided into classically activated inflammatory macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2). It has been generally accepted that M1 macrophages are polarised in an inflammatory environment to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, whilst M2 macrophages are involved in anti-inflammation and aid tissue repair in wound healing. Bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) is a potent factor in infection, which induces M1 macrophages resulting in higher levels of iNOS, TNFα and IL-12p70 which dictate inflammatory T cell responses. M2 macrophages can be transformed into M1 macrophages following LPS stimulation to promote inflammation. Candida albicans is a commensal fungal microorganism, which has been suggested to induce immune tolerance; however, the mechanism of C. albicans-induced immune tolerance has not been investigated in detail. IL-35 is a recently identified anti-inflammatory cytokine which is a heterodimeric protein consisting of the Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) and IL-12p35. IL-35 shares the protein subunit p35, with IL-12p70. IL-12p70 is the most potent cytokine to induce Th1 responses during inflammation. In this study, we demonstrate that heat-killed C. albicans (HKC) strongly suppressed LPS-induced IL-12p70 production in M2 macrophages. Candida albicans induced a high level of EBI3 expression in M2 macrophages, which served as a mechanism for IL-12p70 suppression by competitive binding of the common protein subunit (p35) of IL-35 and IL-12p70. To demonstrate that EBI3 expression had the ability to block IL-12p70 production intracellularly, a Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell line with biscistronic expression of IL-12p40 and p35 was constructed, followed by ectopic over-expression of EBI3. The over-expression of EBI3 in the IL-12p70 producing cell line effectively suppressed IL-12p70 production. IL-35 secretion was also detected in the cell line, with suppressed IL-12p70 production by immune-precipitation Western blotting. However, this secretion was not evident in M2 macrophages following stimulation by HKC. This can be explained by the constitutive expression of IL-35 receptors (gp130 and IL-12Rβ2) in M2 macrophages for cytokine consumption. Our results have indicated that C. albicans can suppress host inflammatory responses in mucosal skin by suppressing LPS-induced IL-12p70 production. Lower IL-12p70 production may avoid an unnecessary Th1 response in order to retain immune tolerance, which may be one of the mechanisms by which C. albicans achieves a successful commensal lifestyle without having a detrimental effect on the host’s health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Feng Zheng
- Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Burn Unit, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Xiao Hong
- Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gui-Jie Feng
- School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Gao-Feng Zhang
- Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Rogers
- Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A. O. Lewis
- Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - David W. Williams
- Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Zhao-Fan Xia
- Burn Unit, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Song
- Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao-Qing Wei
- Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Cantu DA, Hematti P, Kao WJ. Cell encapsulating biomaterial regulates mesenchymal stromal/stem cell differentiation and macrophage immunophenotype. Stem Cells Transl Med 2012. [PMID: 23197666 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) encapsulation within a biomatrix could improve cellular delivery and extend survival and residence time over conventional intravenous administration. Although MSCs modulate monocyte/macrophage (Mø) immunophenotypic properties, little is known about how such interactions are influenced when MSCs are entrapped within a biomaterial. Furthermore, the impact of the cell-encapsulating matrix on MSC multipotency and on Møs, which infiltrate biomaterials, remains poorly understood. Here we elucidate this three-way interaction. The Mø immunophenotype and MSC differentiation were examined with regard to established and experimental collagen-based biomaterials for MSC entrapment. Tumor necrosis factor-α secretion was acutely inhibited at 4 days. MSCs cocultured with Møs demonstrated attenuated chondrocyte differentiation, whereas osteoblast differentiation was enhanced. Adipocyte differentiation was considerably enhanced for MSCs entrapped within the gelatin/polyethylene glycol-based matrix. A better understanding of the effect of cell encapsulation on differentiation potency and immunomodulation of MSCs is essential for MSC-based, biomaterial-enabled therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Antonio Cantu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
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