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Yeates J, Main D. Assessment of companion animal quality of life in veterinary practice and research. J Small Anim Pract 2009; 50:274-81. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2009.00755.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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KANEKO N, YAMAMOTO Y, WADA Y, SHIMOKAWA MIYAMA T, HIRAOKA H, ITAMOTO K, MIZUNO T, NAKAICHI M, TAKAHASHI T, WATARI T, OKUDA M. Application of Polymerase Chain Reaction to Analysis of Antigen Receptor Rearrangements to Support Endoscopic Diagnosis of Canine Alimentary Lymphoma. J Vet Med Sci 2009; 71:555-9. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.71.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki KANEKO
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University
| | - Yoshifumi YAMAMOTO
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University
| | - Yuko WADA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University
| | | | - Hiroko HIRAOKA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University
| | - Kazuhito ITAMOTO
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University
| | - Takuya MIZUNO
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University
| | - Munekazu NAKAICHI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University
| | - Tomoko TAKAHASHI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Toshihiro WATARI
- Laboratory of Comprehensive Veterinary Clinical Studies, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Masaru OKUDA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University
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153
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Schreiner N, Gaschen F, Gröne A, Sauter S, Allenspach K. Clinical Signs, Histology, and CD3-Positive Cells before and after Treatment of Dogs with Chronic Enteropathies. J Vet Intern Med 2008; 22:1079-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2008.0153.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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154
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Collection and Interpretation of Laboratory Data. HANDBOOK OF SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE 2008. [PMCID: PMC7152414 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-3949-5.50006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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155
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Diseases of the Small Intestines. HANDBOOK OF SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE 2008. [PMCID: PMC7152160 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-3949-5.50037-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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156
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Allenspach K. Tests to investigate gastrointestinal diseases in dogs--which markers are actually useful for the practitioner? J Small Anim Pract 2007; 48:607-8. [PMID: 17986013 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2007.00486.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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157
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158
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Allenspach K, Wieland B, Gröne A, Gaschen F. Chronic Enteropathies in Dogs: Evaluation of Risk Factors for Negative Outcome. J Vet Intern Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.tb03011.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Abstract
AbstractTwo distinct approaches have emerged for the assessment of quality of life (QoL) and welfare in domestic dogs. One approach, which has so far been applied only to companion dogs, is derived from proxy assessment of QoL in human beings, with the owner or veterinarian acting as the proxy. Because dogs are a different species to human beings, assessment by proxy is even more challenging than when the subject being assessed is human. Our evaluation of published studies indicates that existing canine QoL instruments are imperfect, in part because of avoidable deficiencies such as failure to define QoL and using measures of health status as sole indicators of QoL. The second approach to QoL assessment, which stems from animal welfare science, is based upon objective measurement of behaviour and stress physiology, and has been applied mainly to dogs in laboratory and rescue kennels. We review these and our own recent studies, and conclude that although interpretation of signs of acute stress may be relatively straightforward, signs of chronic stress such as stereotypic behaviour require further research before they can be incorporated into QoL measures. So far, there has been little attempt to integrate proxy assessment with objective measures. We recommend that this integration would be beneficial. Fundamentally, both approaches aim to describe and quantify aspects of some inner state of well-being, and it should eventually be possible to map each on to the other.
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160
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Garcia-Sancho M, Rodríguez-Franco F, Sainz A, Mancho C, Rodríguez A. Evaluation of Clinical, Macroscopic, and Histopathologic Response to Treatment in Nonhypoproteinemic Dogs with Lymphocytic-Plasmacytic Enteritis. J Vet Intern Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.tb02922.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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161
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Allenspach K, Rüfenacht S, Sauter S, Gröne A, Steffan J, Strehlau G, Gaschen F. Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Efficacy of Cyclosporine Treatment of Dogs with Steroid-Refractory Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Vet Intern Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2006.tb02852.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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162
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Luckschander N, Allenspach K, Hall J, Seibold F, Gröne A, Doherr MG, Gaschen F. Perinuclear Antineutrophilic Cytoplasmic Antibody and Response to Treatment in Diarrheic Dogs with Food Responsive Disease or Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Vet Intern Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2006.tb02849.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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163
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Allenspach K, Steiner JM, Shah BN, Berghoff N, Ruaux C, Williams DA, Blum JW, Gaschen F. Evaluation of gastrointestinal permeability and mucosal absorptive capacity in dogs with chronic enteropathy. Am J Vet Res 2006; 67:479-83. [PMID: 16506911 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.67.3.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess intestinal mucosal function by measuring permeability and absorptive capacity in dogs with chronic enteropathy (CE) before and after treatment and to determine whether those variables were correlated with clinical disease activity or histologic scoring of intestinal biopsy specimens. ANIMALS 29 dogs with CE. PROCEDURE Dogs were designated as having dietresponsive CE or CE requiring glucorticoid treatment. Severity of clinical signs was assessed by calculating the canine inflammatory bowel disease activity index (CIBDAI). Histologic severity of intestinal infiltration was assessed before and after 4 weeks of treatment in the diet-responsive group and before and after 10 weeks of treatment in the glucocorticoid group. Gastrointestinal permeability and mucosal absorptive capacity were assessed by use of intragastric administration of a solution containing lactulose, rhamnose, xylose, 3-O-methylglucose, and sucrose. Urine was collected 6 hours after administration of the sugar solution to determine urinary lactulose-to-rhamnose (L:R), xylose-to-methylglucose (X:M), and sucrose-to-methylglucose (S:M) ratios. RESULTS Median CIBDAI scores decreased significantly in both groups of dogs after treatment. However, the median histologic grade of intestinal biopsy specimens did not change with treatment in either group. There were no significant differences in L:R, X:M, or S:M ratios after treatment in either group and no significant correlations between L:R, X:M, or S:M ratios and CIBDAI or histologic scores. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results of tests for intestinal permeability and mucosal absorptive capacity were not useful indicators of clinical disease activity as assessed by the CIBDAI or the sever ity of infiltration as indicated by histologic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Allenspach
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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164
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Ohno K, Konishi S, Kobayashi S, Nakashima K, Setoguchi A, Fujino Y, Nakayama H, Tsujimoto H. Prognostic Factors Associated with Survival in Dogs with Lymphocytic-Plasmacytic Enteritis. J Vet Med Sci 2006; 68:929-33. [PMID: 17019061 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.68.929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognostic factors associated with survival in dogs with lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis (LPE) were investigated through a retrospective study. Using case records, 48 dogs diagnosed with LPE were classified as survivors (n = 32) or non-survivors (n = 16), and the clinical and clinicopathological parameters were reviewed between the 2 groups by using univariate and multivariate prognostic analysis. Compared to the hospital population, non-survivors had an overrepresentation of the Shiba breed. Results of univariate analysis indicated that anorexia, severe weight loss, packed cell volume, and total protein were significantly associated with survival for 6 months after diagnosis. In multivariate analysis, anorexia and hypoproteinemia were significantly associated with survival. Furthermore, initial response to treatment was strongly associated with poor prognosis. Based on these clinical and laboratory parameters such as anorexia, hypoproteinemia and initial response to treatment, it may be possible to predict poor prognosis in canine LPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Ohno
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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165
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Spichiger AC, Allenspach K, Ontsouka E, Gaschen F, Morel C, Blum JW, Sauter SN. Abundance of mRNA of Growth Hormone Receptor and Insulin-Like Growth Factors-1 and -2 in Duodenal and Colonic Biopsies of Dogs with Chronic Enteropathies*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 52:491-7. [PMID: 16300656 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2005.00770.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Repair processes of the inflamed intestine are very important for dissolution of chronic enteropathies (CE). Therefore, we examined the mRNA abundance of growth hormone receptor (GHR), insulin-like growth factors (IGF)-1 and -2 in duodenal and colonic biopsies of dogs with CE such as food-responsive diarrhoea (FRD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) before and after treatment as compared with each other and healthy dogs. A clinical score (Canine IBD Activity Index = CIBDAI) was applied to judge the severity of CE. Biopsies of duodenum and colon from client-owned dogs with CE were sampled before (FRD(bef), n = 5; IBD(bef), n = 5) and after treatment (FRD(aft), n = 5; IBD(aft), n = 5). Intestinal control samples were available from a homogenous control population (n = 15; C). Intestinal samples were homogenized, total RNA was extracted, reverse transcribed and analysed by real-time polymerase chain reaction to measure mRNA levels of GHR, IGF-1 and IGF-2. Results were normalized with glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase as housekeeping gene. The CIBDAI decreased during the treatment period in FRD and IBD (P < 0.01). In duodenum, GHR mRNA levels were higher in all groups than in C (P < 0.001). Duodenal IGF-1 mRNA levels in FRD(aft) and IBD(aft) tended to be higher than in C (P < 0.1). The IGF-2 mRNA abundance in FRD(aft) was higher than in C (P < 0.05) in duodenum. In colon, mRNA levels of IGF-1 in IBD(aft) were higher than in FRD(aft) (P < 0.05) and levels differed between IBD(aft) and C (P < 0.05). In conclusion, mRNA levels of GHR, IGF-1 and IGF-2 in the gastrointestinal tract were increased during CE when compared with gastrointestinally healthy dogs. The data suggest that GHR, IGF-1 and IGF-2 are involved in gastrointestinal repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Spichiger
- Division of Nutrition and Physiology, Institute of Animal Genetics, Nutrition and Housing, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109A, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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166
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil P H Hudson
- Gastrointestinal Motility and Disease Laboratory, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Summerhall, Edinburgh EH9 1QH.
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167
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Menozzi A, Pozzoli C, Poli E, Lazzaretti M, Cantoni A, Grandi D, Giovannini E, Coruzzi G. Effect of the Macrolide Antibacterial Drug, Tylosin, on TNBS-Induced Colitis in the Rat. Pharmacology 2005; 74:135-42. [PMID: 15756055 DOI: 10.1159/000084324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2005] [Accepted: 01/18/2005] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial antigens, such as intestinal microflora, are known to play a role in the pathogenesis of human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Tylosin, a macrolide antimicrobial agent, has proven to be effective in cat and dog chronic colitis, but the reasons underlying this efficacy are still unclear. In the present study we evaluated the effects of tylosin on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in the rat, in comparison with the antibacterial drug metronidazole and the corticosteroid budesonide. Colitis was induced by a single intrarectal administration of 10 mg TNBS under light ether anesthesia. Tylosin (20 mg/kg twice a day), metronidazole (160 mg/kg twice a day) and budesonide (500 microg/kg once a day) were given orally for up to 6 days to separate groups of rats. The animals were sacrificed after 6 days and colonic lesions evaluated (colon weight, macroscopic and histologic damage, myeloperoxidase activity). Tylosin and metronidazole significantly lowered macroscopic lesion score, reduced colon weight, the severity of histologic lesions and myeloperoxidase activity; budesonide did not significantly change the parameters of colonic inflammation. These data indicate a protective effect of tylosin against intestinal inflammation, suggesting a major role for bacteria, anaerobes in particular, in the development of TNBS-induced mucosal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Menozzi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Pharmacology and Forensic Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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168
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Zhang DJ, Jiang JX, Chen YH, Zhu PF. Expression of lipopolysaccharide-associated receptors in different human intestinal epithelial cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2004; 12:2099-2102. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v12.i9.2099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-associated receptors-CD14, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and MD-2 in human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and to discuss the molecular mechanism by which IECs tolerated to LPS.
METHODS: The expression of CD14, TLR4 and MD-2 mRNA of human normal intestinal epithelial cells (HNIEC) and human intestinal epithelial cell line (HIC) was detected by RNase protection assay (RPA). The expression of CD14, TLR4 and MD-2 proteins on normal human small intestinal and colonic epithelial cells was detected by immunohis-tochemistry, and THP1 cells were used as positive control.
RESULTS: HNIEC expressed very low CD14, TLR4 and MD-2 mRNA and HICs did not express them. Neither normal human small intestinal nor colonic epithelial cells expressed TLR4, CD14 and MD2 proteins.
CONCLUSION: Low or loss of expression of TLR4, CD14 and MD-2 on IECs may be an important molecular mechanism by which IECs tolerate to lipopolysaccharide, and this will be helpful to understand the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.
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